The Inventive age and industrial review.

Volume IV

Number 115.

SIXTEEN PAGES.

WASHINGTON, D. C., JANUARY, 1894.

((XE GOLLAK PER ANNUM.

The Two Great Glories of the Greatest
Show on Earth.

Now that the World's Fair is over, one
naturally pauses to reflect upon its wonders.
The question is very often asked, ‘‘What
was the most imposing and striking
sight of the fair? There is hut one ans-
wer to this; “The great White
City itself.” But what was the
most telling and wonderful e.vhih-
it? This can l)e answered with
equal promptness. “The Edi.son
I'llectrieal Tower and the Mac-
• lonnies statue, with its ud-
ioiuii" ti'iintnins when i!i'ii:i-
luateU at nighi.” Wegiveou this
page handsome sketches of these
two most brilliant features of the
great Fair because they are recog-
nized geueralty as the best of all
the marvelous things that were
shown to the world during the
exposition. The Eilison T o w e r
with its changing colored electric
light tvas so fascinating to the
mass of hnmanity that v.'as con-
stantly collected about it that it
seemed to hold a spell over the
minds of men. It is iveu said
that some persons gazed so intent-
ly and so long upon this magic
display of colored lights ever
changing like rivulets on the sea,
that they actually became dazed
and daft, and were taken away
to their abiding places by the Co-
lumbian Guards. Certainly the
general effect of this flood of col-
ored wire light has not been ixiral-
lelled in the history of all exhibi-
tion. The millions who witnessed
the wierd and the startling effect
of the illumination of the MacMo-
nnies Fountain are practically
unanimous in claiming that the
impressions of the grand scene
are more lasting than any other
made upon them during the great
Exhibition.

These were the two great glo-
ries of the greatest show on the
aarth.

The Dream of Color Photography Still
Vivid.

We have constantly deplored the want ol'
reliable information regarding Lippman’s

Two years ago, iMr. Lippman succeeded
in pioducing an image of thesolarspectrum
in its true colors. This was done by a gel-
atino-bromide plate, so weak in its compo-

process of obtaining color photographs and
the recent modilkations and improvements
of Valenta, Lumiere, and others. The pro-
cess has been given, and the results shown
before the recent Photographic Congress of
the Phoiogiaphic Society of Great Britain.
Mr. Varneke describes the process as fol-
lows ;

sition as to be almost transparent. The
sensitiveness of the plate w.a.s increased by
immersion in a hath of silver nitrate, and
dried. The plate was inserted in the cam-
era, glass side towards the lens, and the
film in contact wdth the mercury. The pro-
jecte 1 rays of light were thus met by the
rays reflected from the mercury, and the

phenomena of interference — u|on which
the whole jirocess is based — was produced.

Six examples were shown from nature,
and one lioni chromolithograph, reflected

on a screen 'oy means of a beam of electric
light, and caused considerable sen.sation.
Although the red was defective, the colors
were, without doubt, very similar to the
natural ones.

Taken as a discovery, it is one the most
important of the nineteenth century, hut
there must be many improvements made
before it can be of any practical
utility. The exposure, though
now' reduced to about four hours,
is so long as to make it impos-
sible to photograph but I'ew sub-
jects. Then if we de.sire to hang
such pictures in our n'Om. it
would be necessary to have a spe-
cial light arrangement to see
^hem by. Now that the proce.ss
has been made public, improve-
ments should follow rapidly, and
it is not utterly impossible that
the wild dream of the photogra-
pher, since the days of Niepce,
will be realized, and we shall be
able to iihotograph, with all the
transcendent beauties of color
effect, the glorious sunset, a rain-
bow, and nature herself.

Decline in the Consumption
of Liquor.

Statistics are presented in Dr.
Gould’s report showing that since
18T4, when the retail trade wius
accorded to the Got henburg Bran-
dy Company, the consumption ot
liquor has steadily declined in its
district. In 1875 the consumption
per inhabitant at bar trade places
was 113 10 quarts per annum
In 188:2 it w'as 5 1-10 quarts. In
like manner the brandy bought
at retail places fell from 15 d-lO
quarts in 1875 t > 8 1-10 ([uarts in
189:2. The higher grade spirits
als ) show a dimunition. In isTff
the consumption was 2 2 5 quarts
in 1892, 1-10. The (piarts iier in-
habitant was 29 in 1875 ; seven-
teen yearn later it reached low-
water mark atld 3 10 (luarts.

During this period theiiricesof
li(]Uor advanced trom l.l cents for
a glass of brandy containing 47 per cent al-
colnd to 2’, cents lor a glass contaiiiing 44
percent. 'I'hese statistics do not imdude the
amount disposed of by sub licenses.

tstei iisr'viEjiNrTi'V'E] -A-G ie.

S-R Q 608 inbb V.b

The Inventive age and
industrial re vie v/

John C. Renter inventor, to John C. Kd-
wards, Moters by means of springs, one-
eighth in his right, title and interest in said
invention.

Consideration $3,000

.lolin M. Ewen inventor, to .lohn M.
Ewen, of J'ivanstou, 111., Process of Dupli-
cating Architectural and Similar Drawings-
All his right, title and interest in said in-
vention.

Consideration $4,000

Mathew E. Connett inventor, to Emma
G. Leake, of Elorence, t'oL, Hand Fence
Machine. An undivided one-third ol his
right, title and interest lor three states and
two territories.

Consideration, $5,000

Elmer IL Chandler inventor, to Orlando
1’ar.sell, of (Jenesee Co., .Mich., Weighing
Machine. All his right, title and interest
in said invention lor the United v^tates, ex-
ceijt two states.

Consideration $5,000

Samuel E. Rote and Levi K. Landis to
Armstrong, Brother Co., of Pittsburgh,
Pa.. Cork Cutting Machines. Entire right,
title and interest in said invention.

Consideration $5,000

Robert Rose inventor, to W. \V. Hall
and others, of Hawarden, Iowa, Furnace
Grates and Grates for Fire Engines. Gives
his entire right in said invention.

Consideration $5,000

Wan. H. Belts inventor. Model Mop
Pail and Wringer Co., to .J. A. WHiite, of
Chicago, 111., Moj) Wringer. All the right,
title and interest in .said invention tor the
state of Wisconsin.

Consideration $5,500

.loseph Bingatnan inventor, G. ME Stine-
bangh to Joseph L. Hawkins, of Ottawa,
Kans , Pruning Implement. One-third of
their right, title and interest to manufac-
turing use and sell for the United States.

Consideration $6,000

Henry Bornsteiu inventor, to the luiited
States Vise and Pipe Wrench Co., of
Chicago, 111., 'Wrenches, All his right,
title and interest in said invention.

Consideration $9,000

Chas. M. Berry inventor, to Ellsworth
D. Middlekauff, of San Fraiu-isco, Cal.,
Bracket for Incandescent Lights. All his
right, title and interest in said invention.

Consideration $10,000

W^m. C. Briggs inventor, to the Winston
Cigarette Co., of North Carolina, Cigarette
Machines. Exclusive right, title and in-
terest in said invention.

Consideration $10,000

Thos Carroll inventor, to the Hubinger
Carroll Cash Register Co., of New' Haven,
Conn., Cash Registers. All his right, title
and interest in said invention.

Consideration $10,000

Henry Robinson inventor, to 11. Clay
Rees, of Dublin. Texas. Automizers. All
his right, title and interest in said inven-
tion.

Consideration $15,000

Geo. N. Cleveland inventor, to .lonathan
P. Polk, Freelandsville, lud.. Corn Har-
vester. One-third of his right, title and
interest in said invention.

Consideration $20,000

IIONER OF PATENTS REPORT.

Some Excellent Suggestions and Recomen-
dations.

The Commissioner states that, while im-
pressed with the m ce.ssity of strict economy
in the administration of his office, he has
found that the proper development ol the
patent sy.stein demands two important ad-
ditions to the resources of the offices, in
order to properly assist the applicant to
secure his patent and to serve the public by
preventing the issue of dupli(-ate or other-
wise invalid patents.

In the interest of applicants he propo.scs
to establish a classification division for the
purpose of i)hilo,sophically classifying the
.TIJ.OTT ])atents already i.ssned, together
with the entire mass of foreign patents atid
printed publi(-ations constituting the field
ofseaich in the ctise of every application for
patent, and he recommetids that the t'ol-
lotving force be provided for this work :
title chief of divisioti, at so,?."!!) per annum;
'I lirst assistant examineis, at SI, 800 each ;
j secotid assistant exatniners, at ^l.OOO
eai-h : J third assistant examiners, at 81,-
100 each ; IJG fourth assistants, at 8L'-’00
each ; 4 clerks, d at 8L200 and 2 at 81.000
each ; 2 copyists, at 8000 each ; atid 2 assis-
tant me.ssengers, at 8720 each. Incident to
the proper inauguration of this iiolicy, he
also recommends the increasing of the ap-
propriation for the scientific library to 810,-
000.

The cotumissioner further proposes in the
interest of the public to provide a systematic
method of examination of industries to
which patents pertain as they actually ex-
ist in the country at large. Patents now-
go to issue upon the result of searchesnmong
books and documents, and the disparity is
often wide between industries as there ex-
hibited and as actually conducted in factor-
ies and in commerce. To carrj- this policy
into eflect it is necessary that some part of
the examining fort-e be detailed tempora-
rily to aciiuaint themselves in a practical
way with the industries to which the W'ork
of their respective divisions relates, and an
appiopriation for this purpose of 8L250 is
recommended.

An apiiropriation of 87-7(1 is also urged as
necessary to provide for the transportation
of patents and publications to foreign count-
ries and to permit of the acceptance of for-
eign exchanges ; the declination of valuab'e
exchanges [often becomes necessary, owing
to lack of funds to pay for the transportaion
of the same.

The increase of the i.ssue of the Official
Gazette of the Patent OlHice is suggested in
order that it be furnished free to small lib-
raries other than public libraries, when they
are accessible to mechanics, inventors, or
students. The present law-, act of May 18,
1872 (17 Stat., IJl ), re<iuires that the libra-
ries should be free in order to have the
Gazette free, and this excludes nearly all
maintained by associations, trades, and
business establishments for the benefit of
those connected with them. The necessity
for the amendment of the law is a])parent.

Attention is called to the fact, of which
mention has been made in jnevious reports,
that there are seventy-six copyists in the
Patent Cilice receiving a salary of but 8720
per annum, whereas the lowest .salary paid
copyists in the other bnreans of the Depart-
ment is 8000. It is sulunitted that sm-h
discrimination is unju.st and nnwise, and
has (he effect of causing the loss, from time
to time, of trained employes, who seek
transfers to other bureaus in which, for the
same seivice, they will receive 8900.

The Commissioner adverts to the over-
crowded and congested condition of the
office as on obstacle to the transaction of
public business, repeatedly' brought to the
attention of Congress by- his predecessors,
and concludes that —

M’ith the giowth of the office it is worse
to-day than ever before in the hi-story- of
the system. The crowding of the employes
and the defects of ventilation, light and
heat are such as are not tolerated in private
business establishments and would not he
permitted by- any factory inspector in a
state having factory laws. In my ,iudg-
ment it is not only a public loss, but a
daily- wrong to the emiiloyes of the govern-
ment. It will never he righted, nor (-an
the public business be tran.sacted with rea-
sonable ilispalch, until this bureau is ac-
coided the exclusive occupancy of the Pat-
ent (iffice or until a new and commodious
Patent Office building is authorized and
built.

'J'here can be no doubt that additional
buildings must be constructed for the De-
partment cf the Interior. The Patent Of-
fice should occupy- alone the Imilding
erected for it, while the other bureaus,
with the excejition of the Pension Bureau,
should be provided with suitable ]iernia-
nent iiuarters.

A Royal Rainmaker.

Mr. Johnson gives one or two stories as
illustrating the kind of exploit by- which
the King obtains his reputation :

The King has the reputation of being a
remarkably good band at making a thun-
derstorm. and in this he gives w-ay- to no
man. I remember one day in -lune — the
one mouth in the whole year in which you
least e.xjiect rain — some natives had brought
a large python into camp, and were singing
some of their rain songs. It is sudden
death to any- native in Matabeleland who,
if he sees a python, does not by some means
or other manage to secure it and bring it in
alive. The King took possession of the
reptile, and said he must go and make rain.

I laughed at this, and said 1 did not think
he could do so, to which tie King replied,
‘‘ You will see.” The python was skinned
alive, its liver taken out and cooked, and
the usual rainmaking rites performed. Cu-
riously enough, just before sundown the
sky- clouded over, and .soon afterward one
of the heaviest thunderstorms I had ever
seen broke over the place. Next morning
the King asked me if a white man could
make a thunderstorm like that? I said,
”No, King; if we could get you down
amongst the farmers in the Karoo we could
guarantee you a foitune.”

He gives u.s his own explanation of the
mystery that Lobengula knew from the
fact that the wind had veered round and
had blown for three days from the west,
which is an almost sure sign that there will
be rain on the fourth day. That, however,
does not explain the coincidence of the dis-
covery- of the python ; without it there
would have been no attempt at rainmaking
that time. Besides, I.obengula frequently
tries to make rain when drought is per-
sistent, and presents of cattle are brought
in and whole kraals of suspected subjects
are killed.

Novemher Eeviexo of Reriem.

Four members of the Imperial College of

Physicians at Pekin who failed to give a
l)roper diagnosis of his Majesty’s indisposi-
tion recently were punished by having a
year’s salary taken away- Irom them.

Standard Thermometer Company, of Pea-
body, Mass.; to manufacture thermome-
ters, electrical appliances, etc. ; capital,
812-5,000. Samuel E. Lord, treasurer.

The Ashtabula Steel Company, of Cincin-
nati, O., is erecting some large workshops
and will put in a large steam electric
plant. One building is 100x38 feet, two
buildings 67x340 feet, four buildings
27x65 feet, six buildings 46x65 feet, one
building 60x320 feet, two buildings 20x-
250 feet and two buildings 30x100 feet.

A company has been formed for equipping
the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal with the
electric trolley system. The success of
experiments with the Erie Canal has led
up to this. Vice President Charles K.
Lord, of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad
Company, is actively interested in the
enterprise.

The Homestead Street Raihvay Company is
a new 8300,000 concern at Pittsburg, Pa.,
to establish an electric railway system.

The Fulton Truck and Foundry Co.,
of Mansfield, O., has been incorporated
with a capital stock of §80,000 to manu-
facture street railway- trucks, railway
frogs and switches, electiic railway
eipiipments and do a general Ibundry
business.

There is a project on toot to build a rolling
mill for making iron and steel sheets at a
point on the Missouri river near Clinton,
Iowa.

Aultman, Miller & Co., of Akron, O.', will
erect a new office and warehouse at Lan-
sing, Mich., which is to he 60x125 feel,
of wood, covered with corrugated iron.

The Glenwood High Bridge Co. ,of Pitts-
burg, has been granted a charter for the
purpose of constructing and maintaining
a bridge to cioss the Monongahela river
at Hay’s station. The bridge will cost
§1-70, OO't.

The Iberia foundry, burned some time ago,
will be rebuilt at New Iberia, La.
though a number of sites were offered at
other towns. The foundry was owned
by F. S. Lutzeuberger and leased by
George Simon. Contracts lor reconstruc-
tion have been let.

7Vork has begun on the approaches to the
proposed steel bridge to be built across
the Monongahela river from Brown’s
station to the lower end of Homestead.
The building of this bridge will aflord
connections by two electric traction lines,
between Pittsburg and Homestead. The
bridge will be of the cantilever pattern
and will be one of the highest structures
on the lower part of the river. The cost
will be §110,600.

Plans are completed for the new works of
the 'Westinghouse Electrical & Manu-
facturing Co., at Brinton Station, near
Pittsburg, and bids are asked for a ma-
chine shop, 754x231 feet, and a ware-
house, 754 feet long and 76 wide. The
contracts for these two buildings will be
closed Dec. 16. The other buildings,
which w-ill he built later, area foundry,
700x150 teet ; a punch department, 250-
x76 ; a carpenter shop, 200x75 ; a paint
shop 100x50, and a power house, 76 feet
wide by 300 foot long. All of these
buildings will be two stories high.

TUE IltT-V^EIsTTZ^E

3

The tbreign commissioners seem to be very
much disgruntled at the result of the awards
and have united in a resolution of protest.

The Columbian Guard on December 1st,
was 800 men. One would think this about
four times as many as necessary at this
stage of the Fair’s taking oti'.

The Jackson Park authorities want half a
million dollars damages before they will
accept the World's Fair company’s request
to take the buildings off their hands.

The heroic statue of Brigham Young,
which stood in the Utah building, cost
§25.000. It will be placed in the new tab-
ernacle at Mount Zion. Utah. The pedes-
tal cost §25,000 additional.

The beautiful chime of steel bells iu the
German building was sent to Germany to
be placed in the belfry of Grace Church,
Berlin, as a gift from the Emperor in mem-
ory of his father Emperor Frederick.

The Columbian Museum which is the
legacy of the Fair is being added to by
gifts from all the exhibitors. A great
many have turned in their entire exhibits
to the Museum.

The tiist State to complete the removal of
its exhibits from the grounds was the first
to install them there. It is the fifth State
in the Union — Missouri. They will be put
on exhibition at St. Louis, for two years.

To show the impracticability of carrying
on the Fair during the Winter months, the
roof of the great Manufacturers building is
pointed out where ten feet of snow lies in
huge drifts and its glass roof is broken in.

On December 4th, the Administration
building closed and locked its doors and the
place was deserted, all the employees ]iav-
irg been discharged. The beautiful struc-
ture, the greatest rendezvous of the Fair
thus drew its mantle about itself to await
the dread summons.

The World’s Fair Commissioners have de-
cided not to tear down the buildings, but
to present them to the Jackson I’ark Au-
thorities who will allow them to remain in-
tact for one year for the benefit of the pub-
lic. The out door statuary has been put
into Winter clothing and looks very gro-
tesque.

The model of the “Victoria,” the British
battle-ship was taken to pieces and sent to
the International Exposition at Antwerp.
This magnificent steel model attracted
great attention at the Fair, particularly af-
ter the ill-fated vessel had been sunk in the
Mediterranean.

Jno. Boyd Thatcher has moved to Wash-
ington, bringing with him a fine assortment
of protests, threats, suits and contests
enough to make the life of an average man
wretched beyond description. Mr. Thatcher
cooly asserts his ability to cope with all
these untoward influences and make the
awards in a proper manner.

AN INTERESTING PROJECT.

Long Distance Electric Railway Between
New York and Chicago.

Y item has been going the
rounds of the newspapers to
the effect that a movement
is on foot and the canital
already pledged for an ele-
vated electiic railway trom New York to
Chicago. The electric railway has had a
truly wonderful impetus and development
within a very few years, but we can baldly
credit any such statement as made by the
item referred to. It is too long a step tor
our imagination to go from a street railway
system of, say 10 or 15 in iles length to a lull -
fledged trunk line nearly 1,000 miles be-
tween terminals.

Aside from the first cost of an elevated
roadbed made as nearly an air line as the
topography would permit — and this item
alone would reach a stupendous figure —
there are many things for which not even an
approximate precedent exists A direct cur-
rent system would be out of the ((uestion,
w'e believe. It is successful and satislactory
in our street railways whose limits of
length are relatively short ; but on very
long lines the cost of cojqier would be pro-
hibitive, even if the electrical pressure were
put at its maximum safe point. On ac-
count of the dangeis of short-circuiting ar-
matures iu railway service, we believe it
would be unsafe to exceed l.OOt) volts bj"
the direct system. Hence the number of
power houses would have to be so great that,
adding their cost to that of the roadbed, it
is difficult to see how an always timid cap-
ital could lie attiacted to the scheme. Not
because of the mere objection of an ex-
tremely heavy figure of cost, but because of
the uncertainty of the earnings being equal
to the interest on the cost, without speak-
ing of a iirofit to the stockholders.

With the alternating current of high ten-
sion and step-down tiansfurmers and motor-
generators, the item of copper could be
brought within reasonable limits, but the
total cost of the plant would hardlj’ be very
materially changed.

The cost of roadbed would be so over-
whelmingly the greatest item, that theoth-
ers would almost sink into insignificance.
Such an elex ated railw ay w'onld have to be
a massive structure, whether as a masonry
viaduct or a steel girder construct ion, in or-
der to permit the extreme high speed at
which trains would be operated. Probably
a speed of 100 miles per hour could be main-
tained on the proper kind of roadbed. Such
speed would not be permissible unless a
pretty general level were maintained in the
profile. That would mean freiiuency of
very costly bridges and viaducts. Without
going into details, we might dismiss the
subject by saying thnt the pre.sent knowl-
edge of electric railway construction is
hardly advanced enough to take the risks
and contingencies of an expenditure which
would certainly reach into the hundreds of
millions of dollars and possibly beyond
them. Great and wealthy as New York is,
and great and w ealthy as Chicago is said to
be, we do not think the combined available
capital of the two cities could be induced
to make the hazard. — Electrical Review.

Patience Wins Success.

Serious mistakes are often made by an
inventor in accepting the first result by
which he achieves the objective he is seek-
ing, as the best and only one. Commercial

failure often results tiecause the inventor
has failed to consider his invention from
every side, and make it answer every ob-
jection that he may jxrssibly imagine a
purcha.ser or an expert user to urge against
it, not only a.s an entirety, but in every
part and every movement, it will not be
until every objection has been overcome,
that he may rea.sonably anticipate that his
invention will not soon he superceded by
the improvements of other inventors, who
have really had the great benefit of the
labor and experience of the first, and are
able to begin at a point nearer to complete
success than the liist inventor did. It will
often happen, as illustrated in the history
of the sewing machine, that an invention
is being created by several inventors at the
same time, find the fruit of it may be lost
so far as protection by patent is concerned.
Dr. Gatling invented a screw propeller, but
John Ericsson had anticipated him by a
few days. The doctor grew discouraged
and gave up invention for a long time, but
having his attention drawn to guns, he
made a grand success of the famous Gat-
ling. The fact shows the necessity of per-
severance, and also the equal one of not
confining attention to one thing too much.
The mental effort, even though failure may
follow at the first, will strengthen the mind
for work in many other directions. Edison
is noted for his versatility' and the number
of diverse machines and devices he has
constructed. It will be found that nine
out of every' ten inventors have either
failed or made only' indifferent success at
the beginning.

The Highest Observatory.

The observatory on the top ofMt. Blanc
is an accomplished tact. The tbundations
imbedded in the ice are considered perfectly'
sale. It will be occu))ied continuously dur-
ing the fine season, and self-registering in-
struments will be left behind for the win
ter. This observat. ry is being built by a
Frenchman over .seventy years old who was
carried to the summit of Mt. Blanc in or-
der to locate the site for the observatory.
5Yhen it is built it will be the highest iii-
stiuition of the kind in the world. Theat-
mosphere is always clear there and obser-
vations can be made unobstructed by cloudy
weather. Excavations have already been
made over fifteen feet in depth and nothing
but solid ice has been found, as it always
freezes on the summit, the foundation is as
good as though it rested on solid rocn.

At a test of the coast gun built by Krupp,
the projectile w-as fired 65.61(1 feet. The
projectile weighed 474 pounds, and a charge
of 253 pounds of powder was u.sed, giving
an initial velocity of 2(199 feet. It is esti-
mated that the projectile rearJied an alti-
tude of 21,4.5(1 feet, its ilightoccupying 70.2
seconds.

There is a likelihood that a high speed
electric railroad will be built bet ween Brus-
sels and Antwerp in time for the Belgian
Exposition. The daily traffic requires 16
express ti ai ns each way on the present steam
roads. The route is direct and practicably'
level. It is proposed to run a .single electric
car, holding 60 people, every ten minutes,
and making the trip in 20 minutes, at a
speed of aljout 66 miles per hour. This
speed, it is claimed, could he safely' doubled
later on, hut it is contemplated to begin
with a more moderate speed, and to increase
it later. The cost of the road is estimated
at about §2,200,(00.

82221

On the 8an Fi ancisco and San .Mateo Elec-
tric lailway a funeral or In-aise car has bi-en
prot ided and the long tedious lidc to c(-me-
teries in carriages. o\er dusty roads is thus
avoided.

It has Vjeen stated that it' the [siwer gen-
erated at Niagara station is useil to bring a
bushel of grain I'rom the wheat lields to
New York city the cost w ill be but live cents
provided the canal is utilized lor the imr-
pose.

There were only three foreign exhibits ot
storage batteries at the World's Fair. One
from Russia, another from Germany and one
from France Truly a meagie display w tien
the original storage battery came fiom over
the water.

A new use of the elertric light is to em
ploy it to search for bodies on the bottom of
lakes and rivei’S. A dynamo is placed in a
steam launch or boat and an incandescent
light of sufficient power to illuminate the
water is made to move along the bottom re-
vealing the objects there.

Our Engli,sh brethren are inclined to
scorn our efforts at electrical engineering.
An influential journal published in London
says ; “Our I’aris-I.ondou and Glasgow -
Belfast telephone cables are 'bigger things’
than the long distance telephone between
New York and Chicago I ” Our people will
hardly endorse this sentiment.

Prof. Nicola Tesla has designed an engine
which has a mechanical efficiency of 99:j per
cent as against 81 or 82 per cent now reached
in the ordinary engine. His boiler will
stand a pressure of 350 pounds ]ier .-quare
inch siifely. He thinks we will produce
very shortly twice os much electricity trom
coal as we aie obtaining at present.

There was an ingenious device shown at
the Fair which will be welcomed by the
late comer whose “jag” prevents his finding
the keyhole of his front door. It is an
electric door opener. It is operated by the
pei’son stepping upon a mat communicating
electrically with the latch of the door.

The Cataract General Electric Companies
have full control of the distiibutiou of elec-
tric power from the Falls of Niagara. They
pu'opose to have a trunk electric line from
Niagara to Albany and supply current to
places along the route and at the same time
give a current for canal boat propulsion.

A Mr. Bandoin has succeeded in prtxluc-
ing rain iu Tunis. Africa, by means of elec-
tricity'. His method is to send up a kite to
the clouds and making a contact direct the
drops instantly' I'all and cease when the con-
tact is broken. This is a much pleasanter
method than by high explosions which shat-
ter the ear drum as well as the air and
clouds.

An industry' which is novel and pleasing
is just now coming into public notice. It
is electro-pyrotechuy or electrical fireworks.
The spectacular effects at the World's Fair
illumination have stimulated it.

' DUO ±nOQ V.D

4r

•’ntive age anc

'ne V/

the IIST'V'EnsrTI'VE u^G-E-

MOXXHI.Y.

SI. 00 A yf;AK.

JAM5S T. DUBOIS.]

^ hi) I TORS

R G. DUBOIS- i

ANI> I’ROPRIRTORS.

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The Inventive Age, 8th and II Sts., N. W.
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mechan cs

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Paris Agents : Boyveau & Clievillet, 22 Rue
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Washixgto.x, D. C., .I.tM'.MtY, 18!M.

No les.s tlian six million jiassengcrs weie
transported on the great intrainnia! railway
duiiiig the Coliiniliian Mx position.

Ix the tanning industry ele.'tricity is lic-
giiining to play an important jiart. 1 lie
large.st tanneiy in Swil/.eiiand will soon be
reconstructed and enlarged for the jturpose ol
adopting the proce.ss of electric tanning.

lilCTWEEX Mu.y 1st and Octoher 1st near-
ly one million passengers were carried on
tlie electrically jiropelled launches at the
"World’s Fair. The nnmber of boats in
service were 54, they made lilty-six thou-
sand trips and ran about one hundred and
seyenty thousand miles.

It is now belieyed that the llrooklyn
Bridge will soon adopt electricity for the
propulsion of the cars. I.leclricity seems to
be displacing steam in most of the lields of
industry and it is believed by many that tlie
age of steam will in the next decade be a
thing of the past.

Nature has met man more than halt
way in providing the possibilities ot cheap
tiansportatiou. The rich iron ores ol W is-
consin aird Michigan lie within easy access
of the Great Takes liv which they imay he
transported nearlv’ to the coal reiiuired for
their smelting. The great pine forests ot
these States and Minne.sota are situated
about streams on wliii-li their liimlierean be
borne 1o tlie Takes and the Mississippi
River for geneial distrilmt ion tliroughout
the central bait of the United States.

But nature never does (|uite all ; there are
important details in this general system of
waterways which have .vet to lie snpjilied.
The Dakotas, rich in grain, are Vnit poorly
supplied with Inmhcr and fuel, and have
only a single watercourse of imjiortance.
The Mi.ssonri River is destined to he an ttu-
jiortaut higliway of domestic commerce and
of traffic between the Dakotas and other
States ; but it alone cannot secure cheap
transportation l'»r Dakota grain. Its course
runs too tar 1<> the south, and too much
aside from the lines which most ol the
freight imported must follow, and the ex-
ported grain must take to roacli tlieseabnard
and Europe. The indnstral development
of the great Northwest east of the Rocky
IMountains and especially its agricultural
interest, are most closely connected, iirst<
with the extension of the navi.gation ol the
Great Takes to Rittshnrg, to St. Raul, and,
if possilile, to the seaboard of th.e United
States ; seconil, with the further canalization
of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers and
their most impoitant hranches ; and third’
r\itli the connection of this system of river
navigation with the Gieat Takes by canals
of ample dimensions. The peojde of tlie
Racific States and tho.se who wish to hu.y
their grain and lumber are especially con-
cerned with two enteriuises, the improve"
meiit of the Colunihia River and the con-
struction of the Nicaragua Canal. The pres-
ent status of each of these works and the
economic signilicance of their execution
merit consideration.

SwEDEX has always been famous I'or its
excellent matches and now its lame is to be
extended by the estahlishment of a great
water-power plant which is to he used for
the electrical production of chlorate of pot-
ash. This is to be used in the manufacture
of friction-matches.

Electricity tor light and I’ower is one of
the great factors in the mining industries of
of this land. Over tliree liundred mining
companies are now using electricity. By
elctro-lytic processes nearly one tliird of tlie
amount of copper wc lind in this country
is produced.

Recextly a nnmher of tubes of glass
have been found imbedded in the sands of
Maryland. "Upon examination thej- were
found to he fulgurites. It seems that these
tubes were formed by the contact of light-
niug with sand. When a holt penetrates
a mass of sand it fuses the silica .so as to
form tlie tubes of glass. Specimens have
been found which were three inches in di-
ameter.

What next ? A sem^ation lias recently
lieen created in lioston, especially in the
electrical world of the “Hnh” by a new
typewriter wliich is electrically operated.
It seems that tins machine is so arianged
that it may he electrically connected with a
similar instrument at a distance and so ad-
justed that a copy of the work may he auto-
matically reproduced thereon, even in the
absence of an attendant. This opens the
door for an enfire new Held for the type-
writer in which there in list he a great future.

Beri.ix has always held a prominent
po.sitiou in the Held of electricity. Some of
the greatest advances of that land have been
accomplished at the Imperial Capital of the
empire. Recently a system ol electrically
controlled clocks has been arranged for the
city in connection with a power and light
service. Every day at the time when a few'
lamps are in use a momentary dimunition
of pressure in the mains ot about ten volts
winds and sots the clocks which during the

rest of the time are disconnected from the
circuit.

It only awaits the invention of a really-
good insulated wire which combines the
imperineahility and nioi.st m e resisting quali-
ties of the gums with the chea|mess and
convenience of the Hliers to bring atjoiit one
of the more important reforms now needed
in the telegraphic service, tliat of the estab-
li.shinent of a snllicient number of under-
ground trunk lines between our princiiile.
commercial cities. It it said that an old
and experienced electrician in the trans-At-
lantic calile companies has invented a wire
tliat ans'wer.s this purpose.

There seems to he no good reason why
women should not he laigel.v employed in
the Held of electriciiy. There are three
characteristics which woman posesses in a
far higher degree than man, unwearied pa-
tience, dexterity and (prick instinct, these
witli other mental and physical enilowments
would give her a decided advantage over
man in many of the iirocesses employed by
electrical nianufactuiing companies. We
believe the future will jirove lliat more
women can do better work in the broad
Held of electrical development ami ajiplica-
tion than can man.

The public is no longer apathetic con-
cerning I he extension and wider use of in-
land waterways. Tlie steadily increasing
demand for cheap rates has led shippers to
increase tlie volume of water traffic, and the
liberal policy which Congress has prrrsued
in the improvement of natural water routes
has made possible the raiiid giowth ot this
inland commerce The stalislics ot the
traffic on our more imiiortant natural water-
ways show this in a striking way. During
the census year, 18ri!), the Ohio River above
Ciminnati, including its branches, had a
Heet of 5,21 1 boats and barges, by means of
which 10, 714, (»;:'> tons of freight, mostly
coal, were carried. The ton mileage ol this
I'reight was over two liillion ton miles, or
two and seven-tenths per cent ot the ton
mileage of the rail traffic ofthe entire United
States during the year ending 1891). The
freight on the rivers of the Mi.ssissippi Val-
ley in 1891) was jdaced at MT0.7(l,(),>8 tons.
This is about live per cent of the tonnage
of the railroads for the same year, and is
probably less than the amount actually
transported. Tlie freight traffic on the Hud-
son River, during the same year, was 15,000,.
000 tons, or, including the 3,500,000 tons
that it received from the State canals of
New York and lloated to tidewater, 18,500,-
000 tons — a sum nearly equal to three per
cent of the total rail Ireight. The Great
Takes are, ol’ course, not only our greatest
waterway, but the most important inland
highway of commerce in the world. The
truflrc is enormous. During the year end-
ing .June 30, 1892, 10, 107,603tous of freight
passed St. Mary’s lock, between Take
Superior and Take Huron, en route for
such distant ports as Chicago, Cleveland,
Buffalo and Tiverpool. The tonnage of the
the Great Takes is equal to ten per cent of

that carried by all our railroads, while the
ton mileage of this lake freight is fully
twenty-five percentof thatof the railroads.

NEW ENGINE OF WAR.

Tonis Gathman, a Chicago man, not con-
tent with having invented and sold lor
Slot), 000 a gun of great destructivness, has
hnilt a model of a submarine boat which
when eipripped with an also newly invented
sub aquatic weapon will change, if the in-
ventor’s claims hold good, the modern sys-
tem of naval warfare.

The "Wliitehead torpedo can be projected
accurately under water 1.000 yards. It
will make this distance carrying about 175
pounds of liigh explosives. - This marks the
highest point of progress yet made with
sub-marine weapons. The Whitehead tor-
piedo moves so slowly that but a slight
drifting motion of itsoliject of attack would
carry it out ofthe line of fire long before it
could he reached by the torpedo, even
though the drifting did not begin until af-
ter the disclnirge ofthe torpedo gnn.

But Mr. Uathman has been experiment-
ing under the waters of I^rke Michigan all
this summer, having as spectators officers
of this and other governments, who were
drawn thereby the attractions of the 'World’s
Fair. Gathinan’s claim for torpedo is an ac-
curate underwater range of one mile, a
carrying capacity of 5tll) jioniuls of gun-cot-
ton, and a time allowance ot one minute
for the entire distance. This means sim-
ply that if a little submarine boat equipped
witli one of these weapons could get within
a mile of the heaviest armor-clad afloat the
giant would he ahsolntely at the mercy of
the pigmy, which would need to deal but
one blow toefi'eetthe annihilation of its ad-
versary.

In addition to the submarine gnn, a wea-
pon which in one form or another has oc-
cupied the attention of inventors for many
years, Mr. Gathman has invented another
weapon which, as far as its method of use
is concerned, is absolutely and radically
new. He calls it a snhaqnatic and aerial
gnn, giving the same name to its torpedo
projectile. It has always been supposed
that anything like accuracy of aim could
not he secured when a part of a projectile’s
course was throimh a hod.v of water. Mr.
Gathman says that he can tire a submerged
gnn, send its projectile through forty teet of
water, and then through five miles of air
and have it to hit the target or as close to
it as it would have struck had the whole
course ofthe missileheen above water. This
is aiiotlier claim the substantiating of which
will aslonish men who have made ordnance
and gunnery a study. But Mr. Gathman
has experimented, has results to show, and
has witnesses to attest that he has accomp-
lished what he claims. Of course he has
not thrown .>()() pounds of gun-cotton into
Take Michigan, neither has he used a wea-
pon capable of throwing that weight of
material, but as scientific truths hold lor
great things as well as for small where a
common principle is involved, the experi-
ments on a comparatively small scale may
he said to have proved the point.

THIE insr^EHSTTI^E

5

Fur Thr Invkntive Age.

Dame Nature Cares for Man.

pasture lands under the sea and drove them
to market herself.

In comparing the great utilitarian enter-
prises of to-day with those simple ancestral
processes out of which they one and all
spring, it must not he forgotten that Na-
ture as well as art has been concerned. The
very genius of commerce, for instance, is
taking commodities from places where they
are superabundant and from ownerships
where there is an excess over wants and
placing them where they are wanted. It
is a change of place to relieve excess and to
supply demands. The savages, also, had
their changes of place and of ow’iiership
constituting a primitive or elementary
commerce, having all the characteristics of
the modern. But, 1 am now speaking of
something that preceded even this. Nature
had her great centers of superaboundiug
mateiial and took pains to convert this ex-
cess into supply against scarcity. She had
devised her balance wheels to effect uni-
formity of life and to preserve it agaiust
famine and failure. As examples of this
let me point out two or three examples :

1. She stored up for man the excess of
one season to supply the scarcity of another
season of the year. Many examples of this
could be cited. In certain regions of Cali-
fornia the pinon seeds grow so abundantly
that the Indians could not gather them ;
but the squirrels did lay them up in yast
quantities, fed on them in winter and them-
selves were eaten by the savages at a time
when meat diet was most necessary.

2. She used the excess of one locality to
supply the dearth ol another locality. In
some places along the great lakes the wild
rice {Zizania aquatica) covers thousands of
acres and feeds millions of water fowl.
These same creatures a^'e the source of food
for the Eskimo, who never saw a spear of
grass nor ate a mouthful of vegetal Ibod.

3. But the mosD marvellous of all these
commercial enterprises of Nature is that in
which she converts apparently inaccessible
and unutilizable material into inexhaustible
supplies for every industry of man. The
most wonderful example of this is found in
the ocean pasture grounds. There is a
bench of land under the sea, skirting every
shore and reaching under all estuaries. It
is not deep. Indeed, it is the connecting
link between the land and the profound sea.
Upon this bench the debris of the fertile
lands and fresh waters are daily poured
and myriads of the lower plants and ani-
mals are developed. Here are nourished
cod, shad, herring, salmon, oysters, clams,
and so on. The fish, after attaining ma-
turity. actually swimming up to our doors
to be captured. Also upon this pasture
ground are nourished the sea mammals,
which have been indispensable to the life
and happiness of our northern aborigines.
It is true that every useful plant is con-
verted by Nature out of material which
men cannot use. But, long belore Texas
cattle were reared in one place and driven
hnndreds of miles to market. Nature reared
fish and seal and walrus upon her enormous

Electricity by Water-Power.

j.SCAR Bradford, in a very
interesting article in the
E/ectriml Beview, fays ;

Ko invention of modern
times, unless it was the
steam engine, has exerted such a far-
reaching influence over the distribution
population as that of Sir Henry Bessemer
in his process for making cheap steel. The
steel rail has enabled railroad companies to
increase the weight and carrying capacity ot
their rolling stock and thereby so reduce the
cost of freight that the iariner of the Missis-
sippi valley could lay down his products on
the Liverpool market at prices lower than
any competitor. This demonstration was at
the bottom of an emigration that astonished
the world. Under its influence population
was pushed westward neatly to the base of
the Rocky Mountains and the extreme limit
of the rain belt. The Bessemer conveiter
really gave to Chicago its million and a half
of people and issued growth and prosperity
to St. Raul and Omaha, St. Louis and Kan-
sas City. With a fertile .soil were combined
the advantages of cheap coal for heat, light
and power. ater and rail transportation
seemed to indicate that in the Mississippi
valley and on the plains of Kansas and
Nebraska there existed all the elements
neeessary to create an empire unequaled for
numbers and wealth in the history of the
universe.

But shrewd observers see in the imme-
diate future the commencement of a move-
ment destined to reach proportions beyond
precedent, dhey see conditions which in-
sure the birth of a new and greater empire
as the result of another invention — the dy-
namo. No one need be told of the advances
made by electricity as an aid to human ef-
fort in the past It) years, even under the
discouragements of undevelojied appliances
and expensive fuel. What will it be with
perfected mechanism and no requirements
for coal ? M hat cannot be said in lavor of
a country where heat, light and power are
practically free where habitations are main-
tained at a comfortable temperature tor next
to nothing, where night cau be turned into
day by the luminous carbon, where the
cooking is done by the turning of a switch,
and machinery harnessed to unlimited power
allthrough the agency ol a waterfall inexpen-
sively trained to man’s use by a turbine
wheel? Add to these adtantages a soil so
rich that it would manure the blacke.st
loam in Illinois, a climate so healthful that
disease is almost banished and rainfall a
manilestatiou to be controlled independently
by the will of each cultivator ; locate moun-
tains ot gold, silver, copper and lead ores,
of coal and iron, every caiiety of building
stone and sand and clay without limit ;
find thousands of square miles of valuable
timber, broken and tlneaded by beautiful
lakes and running streams, and there you
have the Rocky Mountain legion, extending
from the northern bolder to Arizona.

It is evident that under such conditions a
comfortable existence can be maintained
with the least effort, hence the certainty that
with a return of financial ease a mighty
movement of population will be headed
toward the setting sun. That a hunger tor
land exists is evidenced by the contentious
strife of the invaders of Oklahoma and the

Cherokee strips. What may be expected
when the people realize that millions of acres
may be had for the asking in a country
which irrigation will make as fruitful as
the Nile valley and w hereon all sides never-
I'ailing waterlalls solict work ? What bound'
less o|)portunities will ca|)ital find liir in-
vestment in the canals and electrical devel-
opments in the railroads to be called into
being by the enormous traffic and in the
rapidly enhancing town and country prop-
perty ?

The possibilities of the subject are ex-
haustless, and they wdll soon be written in
the throng of emigrants and capitalists
w'estward on settlement and prolit bent, in
the swelling tide ol population which will
enlived the mountatn valleys and make of
Helena and Spokane, Salt Lake and Denver
cities in which the wealth and pow’er of the
republic will find no grander expression.

A GREAT CONVENTION TOWN.

Electric Light Association to Meet in This
City, February 27, 1894.

The Executive Committee of the National
Electric Light Association met at the Hotel
Lafayette, Rhiladelphia, recently. The fol-
lowing members were pre.seut: President;
E. A. Armstrong; secreiaiy. Geo. F. Porter,

master of transportation, C. O. Baker, .fr. ,

and Messrs 11. H. Fairbanks, John A. Seely,
H. J. Smith, E. F. Peck, A. .1. De Camp.
Others present were Mr. Burleigh ot Cam-
den, N. J., and Messrs. R. B. Corey, Geo. M.
Phelps and Chas. W. Price, of New York.

After some discussion it was decided to
hold the next meeting of the association at
Washington, February, 27, 1804.

The Committee on Programme was ap-
pointed consisting ot Messrs, A. ,T. DeCamp
C. W. Price, c)t H. H. Fairbanks. The Com-
mittee on arrangements, comprise the fol-
lowing gentlemen, C. O. Baker Jr., Fred.
Royce, Sam Bryou, and M. J. Francisco.

It was decided not to have an exhibition
of apparatus under the auspices ot the asso.
ciatiou, but all manulacturers will be wel-
come who care to exhibit during the meet-
ing.

It is dead at last materially, but in spirit
it will live on forever. That great enterprise
for which the Empire city and the mighty
Colossus tiy the inland sea struggled for
months in the halls of Congress to secure,
was created, has been enjoyed by millions,
and is now being razed from the face of the
earth. For six months, within the limits of
ol a few acres of ground, one could see more
things in three days time than in three
years iu five of the greatest Empiies on earth
The influence that the Chicago exhibition
wilt exercise on many during the next
generation will be greater than the combined
influence of all the other exhibitions that
have ever been on earth. It is a grand monu-
ment to Chicago, a glorious triumph for
America and must prove a lasting benefit to
all mankind.

AT THE PATENT CONGRESS.

Among those who participated in the
Congress were Hon. Henry W. Blodgett, for
twenty-three years Judge ot the U. S. Courts
at Chicago; Hon. .lohn W. Noble, ex-Secre-
tary of the Interior ; Hon. Richard Pope,
Canadian Commissioner of Patents; lion.
John S. Seymour, U. S Commissioner of
Patents; Hon. Benton J. Hall, ex-Commis-
ioner of Patents; Hon Beuj. Butterworth.

Pack Your Raw Cotton Better, Gentlemen.

The packing of .\nierican law eoiion
causes a deal of anxiety and i-omplaint here,
'file j ute clot h covering is .so torn belbn- the
bales reach (,'hemiiitz that the cotton i- ex-
posed to mud. water, lire, ;ind then. i tl'
the original six or eight iron bands two,
three, tour, and sometiiiies more are hsi-e ot
broken : the cotton bulges out, takes iipdiri
and dust when in a dry jilace. mud iu the
flocks, sea water when in the shii.-, and
rain water when on land, on whai or in
transmission tiy boat, rail, or wagon. In
transport every gust ol' wiml tear- awav
pieces ot the valuable coiiinioility. Ttie
wharves, custom house lloors, and t'reight
cars are usually covered w ith pieces torn or
dropiieil from such bales; and the danger
from lire is great, lor cotton ignites ea-ily,
and sparks from cigars or locomoti\es. tan-
ned by winds, e\en those caii.sed by the
movement ol a train or wagon, could cause
not only' the burning of the cotton, but ol
other valuable projierty.

Contrasted with the packing of Egyptian
and Indian cotton, the Amenean must Ire
regarded as very bad. Both Egyptian and
Indian have close, compact, tough cover-
ings, are rather long and smooth, leave lit-
tle or none of the cotton exposed, are easilv
and plainly marked, and are wrapped close
and bound strong and tight. Along the
sides the lirnl's or seller's name appears.
On both ends the kind of cotton is iudicatetl
to aid iu identitication should one end be
torn off iu handling, as sometimes happens.
Thus, in the case of Indian and Egyptian
cotton, mixing of bales and bales without
marks seldom if ever occur ; on the other
hand, with American cotton Iroth happen
very frequently — too frequently', hence the
complaint.

J. C. Mox.vgh.vx,

U. <8. Consul, Cheinnilz.

General Policy of the Gothenburg Company.

The general policy of the Gothenburg
Company seems to have been, says Dr.
Gould ; “First, strict control. Care was
taken that the saloons should be opened in
the quarters of the cities where there is a
great deal of light and movement, rather
than iu the dark and low neighborhoods, so
that they might be directly under the pub-
lic eye and everybody know what was going
on. Second, the purpose was to reduce to
the lowest limit of public necessity the num-
ber of licenses u.sed iu proportion to the
population. In the third place, the policy'
ot the company' has been to raise the price
of spirits concurrently with lowering the
amount of alcohol they contain."

This Is For You, Friend.

We will mail to every pereou sending us
one dollar and twenty five cents the follow-
ing : The IxvE.N'TivE Am:, one year, Pict-
uresque Washington, a handsome volume
descriptive of the Nation's Capitol, contain-
ing 2(i0 pages and 13(1 interesting illustra-
tions, also an Altograph of the city showing
the streets, parks, monuments and public
buildings. These two beautiful works are
the next best thing to a trip to the Capitol
ot the Nation, the most beautiful city on
earth. “Picturesque Washington” was
formerly sold for 82 a volume. We have
purchased the edition and therefore are in
position to make this remarkable offer.
A’ou could not give your friend a more ac-
ceptable Christmas present at the same ex-
pense. It will beat all 1893 Christmas
gifts for the money' invested.

the HST’^EISrTZ'VE ^G-E.

Conducted by E. P. Lewi:^.

We are apt to think that a boiling sub"
stance is uncomfortably warm, but this is
not always the case, hy any means. In fact,
some boiling substances would be so uncom-
fortably cold that it would he more unplea.s-
ant to touch them than to dip your hand in
boiling water. A substance is said to boil
when it changes rapidly, and somewhat
violently, from a liquid to a vapor, as when
water is changed into steam. The boiling
temperature of platininm or iron is at sev-
eral thousand degrees Fahrenheit, while
water boils at ;112 degrees and ether and
alcohol at much lower temperatures. All
the different gases except hydrogen have
been made liquid by great cold and pres.sure.
Their boiling points are the temperatures
at which they become li(piid, and in the
case of oxygen and nitrogen are about otld
and 41)1) degi'ees below the freezing point of
water. The temperature of boiling of the
same substance is not always the same. It
depends upon circumstances. If water is
in a closed vessel from which the air has
been xiartly pumped it wdll boil at a low
temperature : if you compress the air in the
vessel the water will get much hotter before
it boils. The water in the boiler of a steam
engine in which the pressure is lot) pounds
]ier siiuare inch is nearly twice as hot as
ordinary boiling water. A simple expert
ment will show that water may boil when
quite cold. Put water in a large bottle un"
til it is half full, and boil it until the bot-
tle is tilled with steam. Coik it tightly and
allow it to cool. When it ean be easily
handled, hold it under cold water running
from the hydrant, and it will at once begin
to boil. This is because the steam in the
tirst jdace drove out the air, and was then
condensed when cold water flowed over the
bottle, leaving a partial vacuum. W"e see,
then, that the temperature of boiling water
depends on the pres.sure of the air above it.

The conduct of a boiling liquid is easily
explained if we consider that all liquids —
and solids, too — are made up of small
•■molecules,” which are in constant motion.
When they are heated they move more
rapidly. In tact, heat is believed to be
nothing but the etfect ot rajnd motion of
the molecules of matter, so that when we
heat a substance we simply make it mole-
cules move laster. As water becomes heated
some of its molcules move so fast that they
shoot out in the air above the water and
escapes. This is called evaporation. After
a while they begin to move so violently that
they break apart from each other in the
massof the water, forming bubbles of steam.
Unless the pressure of the steam iu the bub-
bles is at least as great as the pressure of
the air the bubbles will collapse before it
can escape. If it is greater, the bubbles will
rise through the water and the steam will

pass off. The air tends to push the mole-
cules back, and if its pressure is made
greater or less the boiling point will be raised
or lowered. Evaporation goes on, more or
less, at all temperatures, so that solid snow
or ice would slowly disappear, withou melt-
ing, if the temperature should remain a
long time below the freezing point. The
pressure of the air is very small on high
mountains so that in such places water can-
not be heated enough to cook food unless it
is in a tight vessel so that its own steam
ma^' cause a high pressure. Such a vessel
is called a digester, and is often of great
practical use — for example, in securing
gelatine from bones. If the water is made
as hot as possilde, it will dissolve the gela-
tine more completely. Another use is made
of this principle in sugar refining. The
syrup is boiled down in “vacuum pans,”
at a low temperature, so that there may be
no danger of burning it. Mercury has to
be distilled to separate it from impurities,
and this can be done much easier in a vac-
uum, re(juiring less heat.

Heat being a kind of motion, may do
work by moving the molecules of bodies.
This work may lie of two kinds. First, it
may make the molecules move laster. This
makes them hotter. Second, it may sep-
arate them doing work against their attrac-
tion for each other. This kind ot work
does not make them hotter. After a liquid
begins to boil no amount of heat will make
it hotter — all the heat goes to separate the
water molecules into steam. When a liquid
evaporates it must take heat from surround ■
ing bodies to separate its particles. That is
the reason why ether poured on your hand
makes it feel so cold. The ether has a low
boiling point and rapidly exaiiorates, taking
heat I'rom your hand. Artificial air is made
by causing some substance, for instance
ammonia gas, which has been condensed to a
liquid, to evaporate ijuickly around a ves-
sel containing the water to he trozen. It
you put a watch glass wet on its under sur-
face with water, on a talile, till it with
ether, and blow on the ether with a bellows,
it will evaporate so rapidly that the watch
glass will be frozen to the table. It evapor-
ates more ijuickly when blown on because
the particles of ether vapor are then carried
away as fast as they are formed, giving
other p'rrticles a chance to &scape. hen
liquid oxygen and liydrogen evaporate they
produce the most intense cold known — sev-
eral hundred degrees below zero. In just
the same way heat is used up in melting
a solid; for instance it takes HU times as
much heat to melt a pound of ice, without
changing its temperature at all, as to raise
a pound of water one degree. The heat used
up in changing the state of a substance was
once called “latent” or concaled heat, but
we now know that it is not hidden in the
body, but has been used up in doing work.
Freezing mixtures are made by mixing two

substances, one at least being solid, which
have great attraction for each other. The
one most used is salt and ice. For some
reason there is great attraction between
water and the salt, so that the ice melts in
order to dissolve the salt. The heat neces-
sary to change the condition of the ice must
come I'rora the bodies near it— an ice cream
can for example. When a vapor condenses
to a liqiud ora liquid freezes into a solid it
gives up the heat which was used up iu
vaporizing or liquefying it. That is the
reason why just aftei a rain or snow the
weather is generally warmer.

M"e think of glass as a very brittle sub-
stance, but it cau be drawn out into
threads which look and behave very much
like silk. You can easily make such threads
by heating the middle of a small glass tube
iu a hot gas flame, and after it has been
softened dra wing it out very quickly. One
of the most beautiful things at the, Chicago
Fair was a glass dress woven out of such
threads for the Princess Eulalia of Spain,
and it was very interesting to watch the
process of spinning and weuving the glass.
To spin it, a glass rod was lirst heated at
one end. A line thread was drawn out and
fastened to the rim of a large wheel. A
boj- kept the glass .sott in a gas flame, and
the wheel was set in motion, drawing out
thread and winding it around its rim very
rapidl3'. The thread was theu woven in
an ordinary loom. Guartz crystals are
much harder to melt than glass, but even
they may be softened in a blow pipe flame
and drawn out into fine threads — so fine
that somes they have become invisible
while being drawn out under a powerful
microscope. These quarzt libers are now
regularly made and used by electricians to
suspend delicate galvanometer needles.
They are much finer and stronger than silk
fibers, -svliich have been generally used for
this purpose.

A steady current of electicity — a very
small one, though — may be obtained from
an oi'dinary candle or gas flame. If you
connect the ends of a copper wire to a sensi-
tive galvanometer, and hold a part of the
wire upright in the flame, as shown in the

figure, the needle will be otfected as long as
the wire is held there. If the wire is held
horizontally there is no current. The flame
acts somewhat like a weak galvanic battery,
the lower part of the flame corresponding to
one electrode and the upper part to tha
other.

A Flying Machine to Boom Lots.

The. baldest case of coupling a real estate
speculation with a chimerical mechanical
invention that has come to our notice re-
cently occurs near this city, the advertise-
ments as published in at least one of the
city papers giving a cut of an air ship sup-
poised to be on its way to Europe, the time

being given as 24 hours. This air ship is to
be built entirely of steel 774 feet long, 144
feet diameter, and is to be completed within
18 months at a village in which there are
many vacant lots. Consequently and there-
fore the trusting pulilic ought to step up
and buy these lots “ou favorable terms.”
As a further reason why these lots should
be purchased it is stated that the cylinder
of this air ship will be air tight and that the
air will be pumped out of it, and below
this cylinder will be rigidly suspended a
three story steel car 425 feet long. Darius
Green with his flying machine missed a
golden opportunity. He should have bought
a tract of improved land and sold it out iu
building lots while constructing his ma-
chine, but it seems not improbable that
those who may find it possible to buy lots
will have to subscribe to mechanical jour-
nals that make a practice of exposing the
fallacies of the various manufircturing
schemes that are to boom corner lots. —
American Machitmt.

An Improved Drilling Machine.

We give below an illustration of the im-
proved drilling machine recently invented
by Mr. Robert F. Wyatt, ot .lasper, Ala-
bama. This machine seems to possess some
remarkably fine features, among which may
be enumerated an improved drill feed, and
improvements in means for adjusting the

machine at various angles and positions.
He has also constructed a very ingenins and
effective frame for carrying the drilling me-
chanism.

The screw feed is effected by means of a
sectional nut, arranged to embrace a screw
threaded drill shaft, and by devices for im-
parting to the shaft a rotary movement,
and at the same time allowing the shaft to
move longitudinall,y. Thus it will be seen
that the shaft is revolved by the devices
above mentioned, and simultaneously ad-
vanced, and that this advancement is ne-
cessarily uniform, since by making tho
screw threads on the .shaft true it will be
impossible for any irregularity to attend
their operation.

It will be readily understood that the ca-
pability of adjusting a drill of this class to
every angle in relation to its base, and at
the same time advancing it as the drill
proceeds into the rock, is a valuable attrib-
ute ;,and this Mr. M'yatt attains by con-
structing the machine so that it ma}' move
forward on two parallel tracks, and at the
same time, by means of a series of openings
and a binding bolt, to be adjusted radially
on a vertical axis. The efficacy of this ar-
rangement need not be pointed out, since it
will be apparent to all persons acquainted
with this class of inventions ; for it is of
the utmost importance that a drill be capa-
ble of action at various points, without
having to move the body of the machine.

Mr. Wyatt is now engaged in putting his
invention before the public, and is meeting
with great success in this line, since all who
see it agree in saving that it is the best ma-
chine of the class ever produced.

The Inventive Age for one year and
two copies of your patent cost $1.

THIE E ^C3-E.

7

A SUPERIOR INVENTION.

Harms’ Feed Water Regulator for Steam
Boilers.

The aetompanj’ing cut shows the Kegula-
tor in connection with a Donkey Pump and
Heater. We will suppose that the boiler
has been tilled with water to the first guage
and steam has been raised to a working
pressure ; that the Kegulator is connected
to the boiler at the second guage (if it is
desirable to carry two guages of water).
The pump is set in motion and as the wa-
ter is below the second guage the valve on
the Kegulatoi is closed for the steam now
occupies the expansion pipe which is ex-
panded sutficient to close the valve. Water
is turned on a little strong, i. e. the Ixtiler
is receiving more than it is consuming, but
just as soon as the boiler is filled to the top
of the second guage water takes the place
of the steam in the expansion pipe causing
it to contract and the valve
in the Eegulator is opened,
and the water instead of
going into the boiler is
carried to the heater, as
shown in the cut. Just as
soon as the water lowers iu
in the boiler sutficieutly to
let steam into the expan-
sion pipe the valve iu the
Regulator closes auct the
boiler again receives wa-
ter. So faithful is this lit-
tle servant that no atten-
tion need be paid to it for
the water will be held at
nearly the same point day
after day.

It may also he used iu
connection with an Injec-
tor or Inspiiator. Where
water is plenty the surplus
can run at will, or in case
of drilling a well it may be
piped into the rig.

1st. Safety. — In nearly
every boiler explosion the
^ause is said to be on ac-
count of low water and that
the explosion is due to the
fact of filling boiler while
the crown sheet is bare.

■2d. Uniformity of I’res-
siire. — When the water is
kept at the desired poim,
steam can be made more
rapidly, thus keeping the
recjuired quantity of dry
steam and a unitorm pres-
sure.

3d. Saving in Fuel. — B3'
keeping the water at the
desired point a great sav-
ing in fuel can be made, for it takes more
fuel to fire an^over-filled boiler than where
it has the proper volume of water.

4th. Prevents Freezing. — Where water is
continually on the move there is no danger
of the pipes freezing. This is a great ad-
vantage, especially in the oil country.

5th. It can be used with any kind of a
Pump, Inspirator 01 Injector. Where hot
water is used and brass valves are required
or where rubber valves are used the Regu-
lator can be used in both cases by a slight
change in the connections.

Office of Weli.sville Water Co. j
Axo Electric Light Co.

Weli-SVILLE, N. Y., Oct. 17, 1893. j

To whom it may concern :

We have given the Harms’ Feed Water
Regulator a trial on our boilers and can

lecommeud it as being a perfect success.
For a simple automatic regulator it is the
best we have set u yet.

R. W. Lawion,

Siipl. Well.n'ille Electric Light Co.
Chester Kixisy,
Engineer Wellsrille Water Co.

PiKEViLLE, N. Y. Xov. 8, 1893.

For the past week I have been using and
thoroughly testing the “Flew Harms’ Wa-
ter Feed Regulator,” and can truthfully
pronounce it a perfect contrivance. That
it will do all that Mr. Harms claims for it
and 1 cheerfully endorse it as being a first-
class regulator in every respect.

Yonrs truly,

JoHX C. O'Dav,

Engineer National Transit Co., pump station.

lYr information address A. F. Harms,
Scio, N. Y.

TRIALS OF INVENTORS.

How the Inventor of Printing Suffered.

Successlul inventions, however, like suc-
cessful men. are comparativelj' rare, and
have become successful because they were
needed, or because peculiar conditions or
events encouraged their production. The
art of printing by means of movable types
is an illustration of this in a manner, but is
also illustrative of the trials, disappointment
and neglect of the inventor.

John Gutenberg of Mentz. Germany, was
the undoubted inventor ot printing by mov-
able types ; but his success aroused the jeal-
ousy of his associates, who induced the
authorities of Strasburg to demand the
revelation of his secret — refusing which, he
was driven out and returned to his native

town pennile.ss. Here, again, lie was sub-
ject to persecution, and, thougli his last
years were peaceful under the patronage ol'
the elector of Yassau. he died a ]K>or man.

On the other hand, both Faust and Scho-
eft'er, who had been a.ssociated with him
and stole the art, grew rich, and tried to
rob him of his fame. There is a curious,
but not veiy well authenticated story
about a visit Faust made to Paris to push
the sale his of Bibles.

“ The tradition of the Devil and Dr. Faus-
tus,” writes d’Israeli in the “Curiosities of
Literature,” “was said to have been derived
from the odd circumstances in which the
Bibles of the first printer, F'ust, appeared
to the world. When F''ust had discovered
this new art, and printed oft a consideralfte
number of copies of the Bible to imitate
tho.se w'hich were commouly sold as M88..
he undertook the sale of them in Paris. It
was to his iute’est to conceal this discovery

and to pass oft’ his printed copies for MSS.
But enabled to sell his Bibles at 60 crowns,
while the other scribes demand 500, this
raised univei-sal astonisment, and still more
when he produced copies as fast as they
were wanted, and even lowered his price.

“ The uniformitj' of the copies increased
the wonder. Informations were given in to
the magistrates against him as a magician ;
and on searching his lodgings a great num-
ber of copies were found. The red ink — and
F’ust ’s red ink is peeuliarlj' brilliant —
which embellished bis copies, was said to
be his blood ; and it was solemnly adjudged
that he w-as in league with the Infernal. At
length he was obliged, to save himself from
the bonfire, to reveal his art to the Parlia-
ment of Paris, who discharged him from all
prosecution in consideration of toe wonder-
ful invention.’’

The Great Ship Canal

Tile great Man<lie-.l er -^liiii < an:. I will bi-
oix-neil lor tiallic, piobably alxiiil iIk- mid-
dle of this moiilh. l•l■rtaiIlly a- larlv
.January, GUI. New (iih-aii* i- arranging
to send a steamer loadi-d with cotton to
Manchester this monlli, the \ e.s>el to be a
nucleus of a regular line to ply betwc.-n
the greatest cotton exporting |>oit of tin-
world and the one that lea<L the world as
a manufacturer of (-otton gixals.

The spinners of .Mam-hester an- idedging
themselves in writing to give preference to
cotton brought to the ( ity by the canal di-
rect. “ It is claimed by the canal iieojile."
says the New t irleans Timis-Ecmocral. • that
there will be a saving ot’bs -d. or -^l.ti.") jx-r
ton on cotton shipiied direct to Manchester,
equivalent to cents a bale. The |yn-.sent
cost of carrying cotton from a sliiji in the
Liverpool docks to Manche-ster is Us '<1,
'the amount jiayable to the
Manchester .''hip Canal
Company for canal tolL,
vvharfage and landing will
be only 7 shillings per ton.
As a special indm-enient to
ship ownere to begin load-
ing vessels for Mauehe>tcr
and thus help shippers to
make freight engagement',
the company has agreed to
charge no dues upon cotton
vessels delivering their car-
goes at ^Manchester during
the season ending in Sep.
tember, 1894. It will be
seen that Manchester is
taking every possible step
to iuduce shippers to send
cotton there direct instead
of via Liverpool, and the
efforts they are making
and the inducements they
are holding out are likely
to severely aftect the com-
merce ot Liverpool.”

This caual will carry ves-
sel drawing twenty-six
feet. It cost al)out sip.-
ttdtt.OiiO and is twenty miles
long. There is another
feature or two likely to
develop out of the chise re-
lations of friendship and
interest, certain to exist
between the freighters of
cotton and other supplies
on one side, and the caual
company and Manchester
spinnere on the other side.
The city, of a half million,
and the cluster of small
cities and towns around it
a total ot nearly ■2,509,090 souls, need

other supplies than cotton. They are large

buveis in Liveipool of breadstuff', meats
and general provisions. Those will natur-
ally go past the port of Liverpool : the cai-
goes for Manchester will go to that city.
Then the vessels can load all Manchester
goods at the wharves tVoutiug that city,
and they will unquestionably be en-
couraged in doing this by the canal com-
pany and the ^Manchester manufacturers.
Why should not this prove an entering
wedge for the opening of direct trade be-
tween Southern jiorts and the English in-
dustrial emporium'? Why should not New
Orleans send w'heat. corn, rice, lumber and
other materials direct to Manchester, as
well as send cotton? That they will do
this goes without the saying, and that the
New Orleans ships will be, to a good ex-

8

THE TTT^ETTTI^E ^O-E.

tent, loaded for return trips at the point
where they discharge their carjioes is
equally certain. Certainly this canal is
goint; to effect a deep, if not disastrous, cut
into the trade of Liverpool. — Tradesman.

AGE OF INVENTIONS.

A Review of the Record Thereof.

THL *• Ix-\’extive Age” is
surely infere.sted in the con-
sideration of the age of inren-
lioos of old, as well as of the
present time.

It is in regard to correctness of dates,
justice of title and truthfulness of history
that I desire to call attention especially, in-
terrogatively.

The Idrth and growth of all great inven-
tions is to me at all times a most interest-
ing and absorbing subject of reflection, and
in research of correct data, date and author
of various inventions and inventors I have
so frequently found diverse opinions and in-
accuracy which is misleading to many writ-
ere, and especially to students, that it seems
important at this age to endeavor to fix ac-
curately a record of standard acceptance.

The Steamboat and the Railroad are,
however, the only inventions which I de-
sire to note briefly at present and it is a re-
cent discussion, verbally as to the earliest
successful application of steam to the boat,
and journalistically as to the first iron boat,
that leads me to this desire.

Steajieoats.

The evidence of Rumsey’s success, on the
upper Potomac in 1787, (not hisrirst effort
in 1784,) in application of steam is incon-
trovertible although it is .so frequently over-
looked and even disputed, (vide papers, at
the Department of State, Reports Congress,
Vol. 70, No. 317, pg. 6, &c., &c.)

The evidence that Harlan & Hollings-
worth built the first successful iron boat in
this country is, I believe, no longer dis-
puted, but the dates, names and owners
of and places of sailing of.s/^ccta? boats are al-
most as kaleidoscopic in record as the sight
of a collection of varied beautiful shells of
the ocean is to the view'.

Whether the Patent registration system
was defective in tho.se days or not is a ques-
tion. Doubtless many others as well as
myself have often failed to find any record
whatever of certain patents which should
appear as the most indisputable evidence.
Perhaps inventors in tho.se days were care-
less about record, names were changed with-
out record, iron boats were built or brought
over in sections from England and re-
launched at various places, claiming a new
nativity.

For instance, .several small iron boats
were sent over from England in sections;
viz., the '‘Randolph.” the “Fire Fly,” the
“ Stockton,” the ” Iron Witch,” &c., which
history places to the credit of sundry par-
ties in enterprise and different localities as
to a home thereof and in other instances
like that of the ” f'odorus, ” there is a ques-
tion as to nationality of birth.

The Census oflHMO, Vol. h, p<r. loq, notes
that the “ Codorus ” teas launched on the
Susquehanna in 18‘45. and yet in another
line, after, notes that the “ Codorus ” may
possibly have been one of the several iron
boats which were e.x ported from England in
pieces ; and again (iliid, pg. 21.7.) “iron
boats were first introduced in the South
about 1830, the pioneer boat of the United
States, the “Codorus ” having been sent to
that part of the country about that time.”

Now' here is decided ambiguity in an official
document.

If launched on the Susquehanna the im-
pression is made that it was built there and
has been so taken frequetitly yet we cer-
tainly could not have built her in this
country as early as IS'i.l. Upon search
through the files of registration at the United
States Navigation Bureau, Treasury De-
partment, I failed to fiud any record what-
ever of this boat, hence I doubt not that
she was of foreigti origin.

The first Patent issued iu this country for
any thing of the character ofatiiron boat
was to F. Gregg, March 19. 1814, but w'as
of such rough aud crude character that it
amounted to nothin^.

There are many authorities, all difteiing
.somewhat, such as Macgregor, Laird, Nap-
ier, Woodcroft aud others and iu this coun-
try who have endeavored to prove their
special theories but it seems as inaffectually
to the public and in precisene.ss in respect
to the origin of iron shipbuilding and in-
dividual particulars thereof as it was to in-
fluence the incredulous British Admiralty
iu the early ‘'thirties" as to the practicaliil-
ity of floating iron.

"Do you think an iron teapot will float V'
was their rebuff, and this evolution was
laid aside until 1838.

To Commodore Robt. F. Stocton LT. S. N.
aud Mr. Francis B. Ogden U. S. Consul to
Liverpool (both of New .lersey) is due the
eticouragemeut in such building and expor-
tiou thereof and also ihe credit of inducing
Ericcson to come to this country after he was
thus snubbed by the British Admiralty, a
fact not generally known.

Railkoads.

In Railroad development as in that of
Steamboats, there is a great deal of mixed
and clouded historical data which should be
elucidated and harmonized. In one nnm-
ber of my "Statistical Beview," I cited from
authority the record of the “Robert Fulton”
as the first passenger engine ever seen in this
country, built by Robert Stephenson, for
for the Mohawk and Hudson Co., the draw-
ings ol' which were dated July 4, 1831, and
this engine was said to have been altered
and renamed "John Bull."

I received almost immediately, from my
venerable friend (now dead) Mr. Frederick
Harrison of Baltimore, who w'as an officer of
the U. S. Corps ot Eugireers, awayback in
the twenties, the follow'ing, from his diary
ol that period.

“The first railroad in the United States
was laid from Charleston, S. C. to Augusta,
Ga. 1820-1827 ; The (juiucy Railroad was
not iron but wood string pieces, toppjed with
bars of iron. The Baltimore aud Ohio R. R.
iras surveyed 18'27."

“The first trial trip of the English engine
on the Camden aud Atuboy R. R. ivas
made Aug. 5, 1839 by Horatio Allen C. E.,
who brought it over. This engine failed and
wastiiken to Cold Spring, N. Y., (West Point
Foundry) aud successfully reconstrucred by
Mr. Allen and named Best Friend.”

By reference to the official report af Mr.
William Howard, (then also) an officer of
the U. S. Engineer Corps, the above data
will be Ibund confirmed.

The JJaiional Jfuseuni have had for some
time (aud the “World’s Fair,” Chicago, also
have had) the engine said to be the
original engine of the Camden aud Amboy
R. R. 0/ called the ‘Mohn Bull,”

which data conflicts in name and date with
the above most relialrle official authority.

Now was “John Bull our “Best Friend? ”

Or was Mr. Allen’s “Best Friend” an en-
gine of three years earlier importation, and

modification, in this country? This point
is of peculiar interest at the present time as
the return of the said identical old “.lohn
Bull” I'rom the Chicago Exposition has
just attracted so much alteutiou from the
public eii roiRe to Washington, and drawn so
much comment from the Press generally
throughout the country in publication of
the claim made by the Camden and Amboy
R. R. to its being the very first engine iu
the United States.

Perhaps our friends Prof. Mason or Prof.
Watkins of the National Museum can give
some evidence to substantiate this claim
stronger than the mere “say so” of the Press.

I submit these inharmonies of history,
not in a didactic spirit, nor coutentiously
bnt interrogatively.

Charles S. Hill,

The “Milton.”

Washington, D., C., Dec., 24, 188"4.

A MYSTERY STILL.

What is Electricity? An Unanswerable
Question.

Z30 the metaphysical mind on the
one hand and to the confident
ignoramus on tiie other, the
mysterious nature of electricity
offers a fruitful subject of speculation. To
the latter, especially, it seems a reproach
that the true nature of electricity has not
long before been made manifest, and he is
always prepared to dash off an explanation
with much more confidence than Newton
proposed his theory of gravitation. Itseems
inexplicable to the public at large that the
mystery surrounding electricity is not dis-
pelled. The successful business man, who
prides himself upon always getting to the
bottom of everything, cannot understand
why this one problem, as he believes, re-
mains unsolved, and, perhaps nncousciously
thinks that if his work had been in this di-
rection, his “hustling” abilities would have
produced a more favorable result than at-
tained by scientific theorists. It does not
seem to occur to those who are impatient to
have the great question. What is EJectric.
ity ? answered, that we are in just as dense
ignorance as to the mechanism of other phe-
nomena. Gravitation, light, heat and
chemical action are in the same category of
scientific mysteries aud have had centuries
more ot thought bestowed on them than
has been devoted to the new agent. While
it now seems that we may be on the thresh,
old of one of the greatest discoveries of the
human mind, yet it is possible and eve'i
probable that the knowledge of man may
never be permitted to extend to the tntire

solution of the problem, tor it is the very
problem of tbe universe itself. Assuming
what seems unquestioned, that electricity,
electrical action, or what ever we may call
it, has its seat in the atoms or molecules of
matter, or of the hypothetical matter, ether,
we are brought lace to face with the same
conditions that confront the cosmical phil-
osopher. As the latter can never hope to
have his material vision extend to the bounds
of the universe neither can the molecular
physicist hope to materially appreciate the
ultimate elements of matter. Lord Kelvin
has shown that if a drop of water were
magnified to the size of the earth, one of its
con.stituent molecules would only be mag-
nified to approximately the size of a cricket
ball. Bearing this in mind, the immensity
of the problem which is so often flippantly
referred to is evident. True, we may demon-
strate the exact relation between electricity
and magnetism, aud may satislactorily' con-

nect these with other phenomena, and even
obtain a working hypothesis that will an-
swer all scientific needs, but the ultimate
solution may forever evade human mind-
Whatever we do learn, however, will not be
through the speculation of metaphysicians or
the guesses of tyros, but through the physi-
cal investigations of Hertzes and Teslas.
While as a mental training metaphysical
speculation may have its use, the absolute
lack of additions to our real knowledge dur-
ing the many centuries from Plato to Bacon,
when metaphysics held full sway, is conclu-
sive that nothing can be expected from this
direction, and merely speculative theories
in regard to the nature of electricity deserve
as little consideration as is now given to
the metaphysical vagaries of the Schoolmen
of Middle Ages. — Electrical World.

ORIGIN OF INVE KTIOKS.

How Watts Discovered the Way to Hake
Shot.

In reoard to the origin of many inventions
some curious facts have been abducted, and
it is quite true that a number of important
discoveries have been made through acci-
dent, though, of course, such accidents or
occurrences would have had no significance
to persons whose minds had not already
been, in a measure, prepared to receive and
profit by them.

Before Watts, the discoverer of the pres-
ent mode of making shot, had his notable
dream — said to be induced by over indul-
gence in stimulants — the manufacture of
shot was a slow, laborious, and consequently
costly process.

Great bars of lead had to be pounded into
sheets of a thickness nearly equal to the di-
ameter of the shots desired. These sheets
had then to be cut into little cubes, placed
in a revolving barrel, and there rolled until,
by constant friction, the edges wore off
from the little cubes and became spheroids.

Watts had often racked his brain trying
to discover some better and less costly
method, but in vain. Finally, after spend-
ing an evening with some companions at an
ale-house, he went home, went to bed, and
fell asleep. His slumbers, however, were
disturbed by unwelcome dreams, in one of
which he was out with “the boys,” aud as
they were stumbling home it began to rain
shot — beautiful globules of polished, shining
lead — in such great numbers that he and
his companions had to seek shelter.

In the morning Watts remembered his
curious dream, and it obtruded itself on his
mind all day. This led him to speculate as
to what .shape molten lead would assume in
falling through the air, and, finally to settle
the matter he ascended to the top of the
tower of the Church of St. Mary at Rad-
clifle, and dropped slowly and regularly a
ladleful of molten lead into the moat below.
Descending, to his surprise and delight, he
took from the bottom of the shallow pool
several handfuls of the most perfect shot he
had ever seen. Watt’s fortune was made,
for trom this exploit emanated the idea of
the shot tower, which ever since has been
the only means employed in the manufact-
ure of the little missiles which are so im-
portant to sportsmen the world over.

Agents wanted for the Inventive Age in
every city and town in the country. Peo-
ple subscribe on sight. You can earn money
easily in acting as our agent. Highest com-
mission paid to live young men.

THE ITT^EETTZ^E ^G-E.

An Electrically Illuminated Ballet.

Piofeessor Gustave Truuve who is the
most prolific electrical inventor of France,
and one of the most wonderful inventive
geniuses living to-day, is industriously at
work not only on his great flying machine,
electric launch, electric motor, electric tamp

and various other important devices, but he
still continues to employ himselfand amuse
the gay world of Paris by producing new
and marvelous novelties for the French
stage. One of the most superb and surpris-
ing effects of Prof. Trouve’s inventions is
bis electrical illumination of a corp of F'rench
ballet daucera. The magnificent costumes
of these girls are decorated in a most artis-

tic manner with beautiful flowers and dia-
dems which carry within their makeup
minature electrical batteries which are con-
trolled by each individual, in the matter of
illumination. The effect of this electrical
ballet on the Parisan theatre goers is elec-
trical indeed. As a spectacle that has at-
tracted all I’aris and as a drawing card at a
theatre it has never been beaten. We give
in these columns two illustrations of

nerv, and the further advantages realized
from developing increased ])Ower by re heat-
ing the air, many foresee the era when a
central plant will be e.stablished and aeoni-
])ressed-air main will bt situated under
every street, operating mills and factories
as in I’aris and Birmingham ; ventilating
buildings in summer and warming them in
winter ; preserving perishable merchandise
in cold storage : operating elevators, grind-
ers, pumps, saws, printing-presses, lathes,
and the countless other machinery of com-
merce. Others even go further and look for
its introduction into houses, the same as
gas aud water, for ventilating, for wanning
in winter and cooling in summer, and for
operating lifts, sewing and washing ma-
chines, and even clocks.

In compressed-air we have a power ever
ready to do our bidding, summoned or dis-
missed by the simple turning of a valve.
It operates in place of steam without the
least change cf plant, obviating the employ-
ment of engineers and firemen, doingaway
with boilers and tbeir accompanying disad-
vantages of waste steam, smoke, ashes, dirt,
dust, risk of explosion, disagreeable odors,
the expense of cartage, increa.sed rates of
lire insurance, water tax, etc. The old
maxim that “importance oft attaches to tri-
lies light as air” becomes doubly true when

file fiaini- i- niade ol' une ii i. p In-
hinged in such a nialinei llin i’ ■ aii
folded up when the ear : j.-Mi -d. .ir fo
>toiage purpose-.. o<-eup\ iii.^ ' - i-- e i:'- ■>!.!_:
ten inches.

Wire nett ing eo\ CIS t he h'* •i,ni and e.-
tends U])wardsat a light angle and a lAnii
of the c;tr platform, being about -ix inehe-
troni the dashboard, the hoiizontal jiortion
ol the netting and frame being -ix im he.s
from the track or roadway.

The wire netting is attached to the frame-
by springs, thus preventing a )>ei'on caught
up in the tender from iecei\ ing any undui-
shock or injury.

Acro.ss the front end of the lender there is
an elastic steel frame covered w ith a rub-
ber tube live inches in diameter. This
frame aud tube is connecied to the ends o|'
the fender frame by two short --prings,
making a very elastic butler : and. as thi.s
buffer is what a person stamlii g on the
track would first come in contact with, ow-
ing to its yielding nature and to the fad
that there is nothing solid across the front
end of the fender, ithe end ol the frame be-
ing jiractically ojien, as the cross bar is
placed back eight inches from the outer
end). THF BLOW STKUCK IS A CF.SH-
lOXKD ONE.

There is also a second rubber guard ten

Trouve’s work, one is an armed lancer the
other a dancing fairy. One of the remark-
able ballets was composed of 25 beauties,
each one representing a different flower and
each flower being brilliantly illuminated by
Trouve’s device. It is said that the ballets
are superb and surprising and produce an
incomparable effect.

Through Cars to New Orleans.

Among the many important improve-
ments in the Baltimore and Ohio Kailroad
train service is the addition of through
Fullmau Sleeping Cars from New York to
New- Orleans, via Philadelphia, Baltimore,
Washington, and the famous Shenandoah
Valley roufe, passing through Koanoke,
Knoxville, Chattanooga and Birmingham.
The train leaves Baltimore, 10.07 P. M., and
Washington, 11.10 P. M., reaching Koan-
oke at 7.50 A. M., Knoxville, 3.52 P. IM.,
Chattanooga, 8. OOP. M., Birmingham, 11. 13
A. M., and New Orleans, 12.45 P. M.

This train is very handsomely appointed,
being vestibuled throughout, and has Din-
ing Car service New York to Chattanooga.
At Washington a Pullman Sleeping Car,
w’hich runs through to Memphis, is added
to the train.

THE USE OF COMPRESSED AiR.

It Is Growing In Favor Everywhere.

large number of experi-
ments with compressed air
are continually being tried.
Among the uses which have
never been reduced to the practibility of
cor.imercial requirements, I am reminded
of an experiment which xvas tried some
years ago, before the small steam racing
crafts of to day xvere contemplated. A
steamer was seen one day to pass through
the Kill von Kull at the then extraordinary
speed of twenty-five miles per hour. This
was accomplished by means of tw'o air-com-
pressors pumping air beneath her hull,
thereby imparting great buoyancy. Un-
fortunately the sw-ell from her rapidly re-
volving paddles was so great as to wash
over piers and wreck small boats, and it
was even alleged that it injured oyster-beds
in the vicinity. A drag was adopted to
keep down the swell, but the expense of
operating in this manner was too great, and
the ])roject was abandoned.

In addition to the various applications of
compressed air already enumerated, it is
employed to operate the steering-gear of
vessels, to supply divers in submarine oper-
ations, to mold patterns in foundries, and a
western railroad is reported to clean the
seats of its passenger- cars with jets of com-
pressed air. Physicians use air largely for
treating patients by means of a spray, and
hospitals are equipped with clnimbers in
which the patient breathes air pumped in
at a pressure of thirt to forty pounds pet-
square inch. In some of our large build-
ings anj' depreciafien of pressure on the hy-
draulic-elevator tanks is replaced by means
of compressed air.

In fact, there seems to Ite no limit to the
employment of this power, and inventions
in the success of which it is an important
factor, and new methods of performing old
tasks which it renders possible, are contin-
ually being introduced . And with the re-
cent improvements in the direction of in-
creasing the economy and efficiency of the
prominent types of air compressing machi-

we consider that this atmosphere, always
so necessary to human existence, is being
concentrated aud harnessed to the service
of mankind in so many new- aud widely-
different ways.

W. P. Pressinger.

THE ROBINS LIFE GUARD
A Novel Device for Street Cars.

Some very successful experiments have
been made recently with the Kobins Safety
Fender for street cars. While experiment-
ing in Philadelphia, a boy was placed upon
the track altout fifty feel in front of the car,
which was started and running at full speed
struck the youngster and picking him up
without a .scratch carried him along in the
guard until the car reached its destination,
several tests of a like nature were made and
in every instance the Safety Fender did its
work to perfection. We give on this page
an illustration of the Fender after it had
caught its burden.

The Fender consists of an iron frame,
bolted to the under part ol the car body and
extending in front of the car 3 feet, (linches.

inches high, attached to the bottom netting
eight inches from the front end of the fen-
der. This guard has a spring-controlled
rearward movement ; and, when in posi-
tion stands upright. Its object is to pre-
vent a person from being thrown out of the
fender after having been caught up.

The horizontal portion of the Fender can
be easily and quickly transferred from one
end of the car to the other, the actual time
required being one minute. This will
greatly reduce the cost of ciiuippiug cars
that run in both directions.

The Age’s Christmas O.fer.

The best 1893 Christmas offer you will
hear or read of — Picturesi|ue Washington,
260 pages and 136 line illustrations, former
price 82.00: Altograph of Washington giv-
ing all streets, parks and ])ublic buildings,
price 23 cents, aud The iNVi-XTivE Age
price one dollar per annum, all for 81.25.
Send us 81.25 by mail and you will receive
the three, making the finest Christmas gift
for the money ever ])iesented to a friend.
We have bought the edition of Picturesque
Washington. Send belbre it is exhausted
and send in time for Christmas.

lO

THE ZHV'ElTTI'^rE ^C3-E,

A MUSICAL GENIUS.

Some Points About the Great Gounod.

A more striking contrast to the tragic cir-
■fumstances of the death of the master, for
whom Gounod’s admiration was troundless,
than was shown hy the universal sorrow ex-
liressed at the death of the French composer
it would he difficult to imagine. Mozart
was buried among the nameless poor, with
110 friend to shed a tear, and no cross or
■stone to mark the exact site of his resting
place. Gounod’s remains have been ac-
corded the highest honors which his coun-
try can Vrestow.

The allusions of the two composers to
approaching death were remarkable. Only
a fortnight before Gounod died a represen-
tative of the Jleviie de Famillc paid him a
visit and asked him to write the article on
•• Marie Antoinette as a Musician '’ for M.
.1 iiles Simon’s magazine. In the course of
conversation he said to his interviewer .•

I have never been able to do any work
that my soul did not thoroughly feel. This
article does not come home to me ; and
then, mark you, I am strictly enjoined to
atetain from any kind of work. You must
know that some time ago 1 had an attack of
paralysis. Now, when I look at you in
this way 1 can only see one half of your
face. I know I look robust ; out, us St
Paul says in his Epistle to Timothy : ‘ 1

am now ready to be offered, and the time
of my departure is at hand. I have fought
a good tight ; I have tinished my course :

I have kept the faith.” I have had several
attacks already. The next !

3le repeated in Latin, with emphatic rev-
■crence, the words he had quoted in French,
then relighted his pipe and went on talking
ilreamily. but his mind was evidently
turned to the great problem he was so soon
to solve. Referring to music and its spir-
itualizing effects on the soul, he continued ;

Music gives a foretaste of the immaterial-
ity ot the future life.

As the journalist w.as taking his leave
Gounod asked him ifhe was married. The
reply coming in the affirmative, Gounod
took out his pruning knife and cut a num-
lier of roses, adding, “Give her these flow-
ers as a souvenir of your first visit to an old
man.”

lake most great men, Charles Gounod had
his amiable weaknesses. His briarwood
pipe was one of them ; and although he
wore a ring modeled fiom a relic found in
the Roman catacombs on his finger, he
frankly confessed that he received finest in-
spirations while playing “patience” at the
little card table placed in the shadow of
the organ.

He loved his pipe dearly. In this con-
nection the following words of his have an
interesting bearing on tobacco smoking and
its effects :

1 admit sincerely the truth of Tolstoi’s
opinion in all that has to do with the intel-
lectual faculties. I think that the habit of
using tobacco juoduces a sluggishness of
these faculties, that this sluggishness follows
upon the habit, and by abuse may^ reach
even to atrophy. I am not so sure that it
could positively result in the annihilation
of Conscience, whose witness is too start-
ling to undergo so easily an eclipse .so dis-
astrous. I say Conscience, be it noted ; I
do not say^ Will. Conscience is a Divine
decree ; Will is a hnman energy. The lat-
ter can be weakened by abuse of the organs;
the former, how'ever, seems to me quite be-
yond all effect of the sort, because it creates
the responsibility without which man

ceases to be amenable. I have smoked a
great deal. I do not recall that it has ever
modified the judgment of my conscience on
the morality of my acts.

Gounod's punctuality and exactitude
w’ere proverbial. Ifanything happened to
prevent him keeping an appointment he
always wrote so that you should not make
your call for nothing. He attended to his
own correspondence. “Too many persons
talk to me of their private affairs for me to
let a third person know’ about them.” — De-
cember Review of Reviews.

A Netv Kind of Building Material.

The new kind of building material, .some
time since announced as a projiosed substi-
tute for ordinary stone or brick, is now re-
ceiving special endorsement on account of
its freedom, under various and repeated
tests, from the usual liability to crack or
fracture. To insure this property, with
the other essential adajitat ions, silicic acid is
used, powdered and clean.sed from all im-
purities ; five to ten per cent, of this is
mixed in warm river or rain water, and
this is apiilied to slaked or well burnt lime,
or added to hydraulic line, the resulting
product being mixed with .sand and small
portions of fluorspar. This mixture is cast
into moulds, in various shapes as may be
desired, and, after removal, the castings
are left to dry from tw’elve to twenly’-four
hours, which brings them to a condition as
dry is atmospheric air: in this slate they are
brought into a steam boiler and steam
blown through so as to drive out all air,
after which the boiler is hermetically sealed
up and steam let in under a pressure of ten
atmospheres. In this high pressure steam
bath the stones remain for forty-eight to
seventy-two hours, afterward being sub-
mitted to a bath of boiling and saturated
chloride of calcium for six to twelve hours,
also under a pre.ssure of about ten atmos-
pheres, in the same boiler, and the con-
densed water may be us’ed for the bath.
The stones are allowed to dry in the oiieu
air, or, more quickly’, by circulating steam
inside the boiler after the chloride of cal-
cium has been withdrawn and prior to tak-
ing out the stones.

Gas Engines for Street Cars.

Gas engines for street cars have been
used for some time in Chicago, and recent
experiments with such motoi-s have been
carried out in Switzerland and Germany.
At Xeuchatel an eight horse-power, double
cylinder motor car has been in use for some
months. The car seats about twenty pas-
sengers and hauls a trailer, the speed main-
tained being about six and one tourth miles
an hour. The gas for the engine is carried
in tanks under a jiressure of about lott
pounds a square inch. The local street
railway company has ordered a number of
such cars for regular use on its lines and
made arrangements with the local gas com-
pany for a supply of gas. At Dresden a
somewTiat similar car, eijuipped wilh two
gas engines of seven horse-power each, is in
use. Both engines are coupled to one shaft,
from which power is transmittrd to the axles
ly a friction clutch arrangement. The car
earries tour tanks charged with gas under a
prissure of about ninety pounds a square
inch. Starting and stopping is said to be
accomplished without difficulty, even on
grades of one foot rise is twenty foot of
length. At still another town gas motor
cars are to be tried ; this is Nordhausen,
where a short experimental line is being
fitted up.

Machinery of the Human Body.

In the human body there are about 263
Ixmes. The nruscles are about 500 in num-
ber. The length of the alimentary canal
is about .32 feet. An exchange adds that
the amount of blood in an adult averages
30 pounds, or fully one-fifth of the entire
weight. The heart is 6 inches in length
and four inches in diameter, and beats 70
times per minute, 4,200 times per hour,
100,800 times per day, 36 792,000 times
per year, 2,565,440,000 in three-score-years-
aud-ten, and at each beat two and one-
half ounces of blood are thrown out of it,
175 ounces per minute, 656 pounds per
hour, and seven and three-quarters tons per
day. All the blood in the body passes
through the heart in three minutes. This
little organ pumps each day what is equal
to lifting 122 tons one foot high or one ton
122 feet high. The lungs will contain
about one gallon of air at their usual degree
of inflation. We breathe on an average
1,20(1 times per hour, inhale 600 gallons of
air, or 24,000 per day. The aggregate sur-
face of the air cells of the lungs exceed 20,-
000 square inches, an area nearly equal to
the floor of a room 12 feet square. The
average weight of the brain of an adult
luale is 3 pmiuds 8 ounces, of a female 2
pounds 4 ounces.

The Highest Honors.

Three medals and diplomas were awarded
by the Jury at the World’s Fair to the Kim-
ball Pianos, manufactured by W. W. Kim-
ball Co., Chicago, HI. These Pianos are
rapidly coming into popularity in the East.
Many of them have won their way into
homes in our city.

Echoes of the Fair.

The “ Society of the Columbian Guard ”
is an organization formed by the survivors of
that famous aggregation at once the admira-
tion and the target of abu.se of all tourists
to the Fair. They do not intend to lapse at
once into oblivion if they can help it.

Some of these exhibits like that of New
South Wales have been displayed at the
Paris Exhibition and are extremely valu-
able.

The question of demolition is now the
burning thought of the Fair authorities.
The great buildings have to be removed and
the park restored in due season, and thou^
sands of dollars will have to he expended
for the purpose. It is said that it will re-
quire §40,000 to teardowui and remove the
Mackaye Spectatorium, that gigantic frame
work which promised so much splendor and
which passed into a receiver’s hands when
half completed and has remained in an un-
finished and unsightly condition ever since.

North Attleboro, Massachusetts, is des-
iued to have no lights on her streets this
Winter. A while ago a special town meet-
ing appropriated §50,0(10 for an electric
light plant. It was supposed the plant
would be in readiness for use by November,
for lights, but the building is not yet com-
plete. The boiler has not been put in posi-
tion, and there are other important things
in connection with the plant that remain
unfinished.

The Austrian authorities have issued a
rescript in which they call attention to the
law that physicians’ prescriptions shall be
written in a legible hand.

INVENTION A BLESSING.

Machinery Does Not Increase the Unem-
ployed.

We are yet in the first age of the history
of industrial progress. The feudal, the
slave and now the wage sj’stem have been
successive steps. The natural history ofin-
dustrial art is properly divided into hand
w’ork and machine work. Prior to the
dawn of the age of machine production there
was but little pressure upon labor.

“A brief review of hand industry is in-
teresting, though it must of necessity be
based upon comparatively meager material,
ending, indeed, about 1760. The eviden-
ces of mauuiactures in the prehistoric age
are numerous. The prehistoric man could
build boats and knew how to make a rudder
to steer them. He must have known how
to make tools for such tasks. The golden
candelabra of the Israelites must have been
hammered or cast, but there is no recoid of
how it wasdoue. Yet that is notsostrange,
tor to-day in a catalogue of tools or machi-
neiy one would not expect to find a descrip-
tion of tools and of the process of making.

“Work such as the ancient Assyrians did
jn bronze would attract attention to-day if
could be reproduced. The ancients left lit-
tle to be learned ot hand work. Prior to
the discovery of the Assyrian specimens
none knew the art of casting copper upon a
framework of iron. The Assyrian carved
ivory, wove rnarveloirs things and made
bronze bits almo.st identical with those in
use to-day. The Chinese had marvelous
knowledge of tools and the industrial arts
centuries ago. The middle ages produced
some of the great inventions — gunpowder,
firearms, movable types.

“The condition of the people during the
hand-labor period changed but slightly.
Wherever the handworker was found he
occupied the lowest position in the social
scale, and his work was done at home amid
Squalid surroundings. Knowledge of the
truth coucerniug hand labor can only cause
the workers of to-day to thank God that
machines have superseded hand labor. The
age of machinery has brought geiieral pros-
perity.

“Inventions brought the factory, and that
stands to-day tor industrial production.
The factory is the thing in which mathe-
matics and mechanics find their highest de-
velopment. Machinery has created em-
ployment for many, has made of the un-
skilled workers skilled laborers. The fac-
tory is revolutionizintr agricultural as well
as all other woik. Many products of the
soil go from seed to store room without
touch of a hand.

“It may be said that machinery has in-
creased the number of unemployed. This,
I think, is not true. England has the most
machinery and the greatest ratio of people
employed to population. Russia has the
least machinery and the greatest ratio of
unemployed. Machinery means the survi-
val of the greatest number in the greatest
comfort. Wages have doubled since the
day of hand work, and while prices of some
necessities have increased most have de-
creased.

“Had the hand workmen ofthe Pyramids
built the Brooklyn Bridge they W’ould have
earned in money of the same vmlue 2 cents
a day against $2.20 averaged by the men
who worked on the structure. Krupp is
the gieatest peacemaker. The great en-
gines of war lead to peace. Machinery has
done it all. It is industrial progress.”

Caeeoll D. Weight.

THE ZTT^EETTI^E ^C3-E.

11

TO

Maoiifactiirfirs, Bifars aai Sellers,
aifl all Iileresled i Defelopi
Paleils.

We call the attention of all per-
sons interested in buying, selling,
manufacturing, and developing pat-
ents to the following “Want” and
“ For Sale Lists.” They are filled
with announcements concerning val-
uable patents, giving first-class op-
portunities to all who have anything
to do with inventions. The entire
page will well repay a careful peru-
sal. Full address of inventor given
n each announcement.

Read This. — By semliiij; one dollar in
bill, postal order, postal notes, registered
letter, cheek or Siam ps. we will insert an
advertisement for yon in this column and
send you The Invexjivk Age for one
year and two copies of your patent or any
patent, or any of ourother premiums.

For Sale. A three-horse electric motor
nearly new. Cost $350.00. Will take $175.
cash. Address : Age Rrinting Co., Inven-
tive Age Building, Washington, D. C.

Patent No. 508,751. Rooting. It has
been tried and Ibund to he a success : is
valuable for shed and car roofing and will
reduce the cost about one-half. Can he
easily manufactured. Address, C. E.
Pope, Millville, Ark.

Patents No. 5t)6,078, 500,080. A valu-
able Sleigh and Sleigh Propeller, patented
Oct, 3, 18!)3. Will sell outright or on
royality. Address, h’. A. Scliaefer, Truckee,

SPECIAL NOTICE.

On the 28th of December, after this issue of the
paper had been printed. The Inventive Age
passed into the hands of the Inventive Age Pub-
lishing Company, Mr. DuBois remaining in the
new corporation, but relinquishing the active man-
agement. It had been the intention of the former
management to reduce the size of The Inventive
Age somewhat, and furnish it for 50 cents a year.
This announcement was printed on page 11 of the
•lanuary number of The Inventive Age, and
published before the change of management. It is
the purpose ot the new management to enlarge the
scope of The Inventive Age and place it in the
front rank of class journalism. It will be im-
proved typographically, new features of interest to
inventors, mechanics and manufacturers will be
added, its value to all readers increased, and the
subscription price of The Inventive Age will remain
the same, ^1.00 a year.

This special announcement to the readers of The
Inventive Age is made necessary because of the
printing of the January number before the change
of management occurred.

CAPEHART & JEWELL, Editoes.

18?^ All communications in the future should be
addressed to “Inventive Age Publishing Co.,”
Washington, D. C.

send one copy post i)aid of our “ Famous
Picturescpie Washington’’ containing nearly
150 handsome illustrations and two hun-
dred and sixty pages ol interesting matter
and the Inventive Age one yeai. This
book used to sell at the hook stoiesin Wash-
ington, Philadelphia and New York, for
Three Dollars a volume. Its the best thing
lor the money' ever offered, and everybody
w’ho gets it says so with enthusiasm.

A Tower of Light,

The central figure of the Mid Winter Ex-
position soon to open in San Francisco will
be a magnificient Tower of Light which
will afford a grand view' of the city, the
Golden Gate and bay and surrounding
country.

As the plans are now prepared the main
buildings will face a depressed Court of
Honor, capable of great artistic landscape
treatment, in the center of which the tow'er
will be located. This will be a skeleton
structure 50 feet square at the bavSe and ris-
ing to a height of 2(>0 feet, with four etageres
or landing places. Four Moorish pavilions,
()0 feet high and gorgeously decorated in
colors, will occupy the spaces between the
supports of the tower at the base. The
first floor will he 8ll feet from the ground,
the second 110 feet, the third 210 feet and
the fourth 201) feet. All these will he open
to the public, except the highest one, from
which the powerful search lights will be
operated. While the principal purpose of
the tower is to afford light, it will be used
as a grand band stand, from some part of
which music can be heard at all times. An
immense gold ball caps the tower and on
this ball will be the figure of a bear, the
emblem of the State of California.

The Electric Motor in the Woods.

Trees are lelled by electricity in the great
forests of Galicia. For cutting compara-
tively soft w’oods, the tool is in the form of
an augei, which is mounted on a carriage,
and is moved to an fro and revolved at the
same time by a small electric motor. As
the cut deepens, wedges are inserted to
prevent the rift from closing, and when the
tree is nearly cut through, an ax or a hand
■’ '■ finish the work. In this way
1 very rapidly and with very

Water Power System.

is genius has succeeded in con-
ictical use the power of rivers
current runs strongly in one
t in places where there is no
Three canoes are anchored
eet apart, in midstream. Be-
■anoes two paddle wheels hang
■ shafting. The water rushing
he wheels and the power thus
conveyed by gearing to a driv-
one of the boats, and from
smitted to the shore by wire
IS are provided to keep the
iht angles with the current at
d that the wheels may' be suf-
merged. the canoes are partially
amount of water in each being
V' water-tight compartments,
has a surface area of 30 square
when wholly immersed in a
t, must withstand a consider-
The arrangement is such that
turning effect is about equal to
?t, immersed all of the time,
taken from the old grist mills
run on the Tiber two thousand

Edison’s Better Half.

It is a great thing for an invciilor to ha\i-
a truly hel)iliil better half. In this icsju'ct
Edison is greatly hle<scd. He has an ideal
home at Orange. N. .1. and it i.-. graced hs
an ideal wife. ^Im. Edison helbre her mar-
riage was Miss Nina Miller danghtcr of
Lewis Miller, ihe Millionarc in\enlorand
leading light in the ( 'hautaui|ua movement.
Edi.son met her in Boston, where she was
study'ing music, some time in 18H5. Hefell
desperately in love, and within si.x months
they were engaged to be married. The
wedding took place in February, ]88().
Mrs. Edi.son is tall and stately and has
brown eyes, dark hair and a clear olive
complexion. .She is perlectly proportioned
and very graceful and altogether a charm-
ing woman.

The Edison home, Olenmont, is in IJe-
wellyn Park, a siiburh of Orange, and one
of the prettiest places in the Orange Moun-
tains, being situated on the eastern slope of
Eagle Rock, whence can he obtained one of
the most heautiliil and extensive views to
be had in the neighborhood of New York.
The observatory at Coney' Island, twenty'
miles away, can he di.scerned from there on
a clear day, and charming glimpses of the
intervening country. Gleninont itselt is
luxurious and lieaiitilul. Its furnishings
and decorations are in the best of taste, and
Edison has a comlbrtable, big library' in
which a book-worm might dream away' his
existence in contented peace and idleness.

Edison has no time for that kind ot
dreaming, however. His province is rather
to make dreams practicable, and to that end
he spends most of his time in his laboratory
and workshops — a group of red lirick build-
ings about five minutes’ walk iroin the
house. They say that Mrs Edison has often
to go down to the laboratory to remind her
husband that it is meal time, for he gets so
absorbed in his experiments that he quite
forgets the necessity of eating.

Hereditary Disease.

We know that features, form, frame, pe-
culiarity of constitution, susceptibility to
ceriain agents, not to speak of character,
mental and moral, the passions and the in-
tellect, are often derived from progenitors
many steps upwards in the ancestral tree.
Individually we. are combinations of many
ancestors. The actual traits ot the parents
may or may not be seen in their offspring,
and it is more common to find that one or
two only are represented in each child. The
remainder are doubtless derived from some
ancestor long forgotten, whose intellectual
powers or defects, infirmities or vigour of
liody, whose faults and follies, whose Irril-
liant powers or miserable failings, may he
reflected in a remote descendant, ashehim-
.selfhas derived them from some distant
ancestor. We are accustomed to say that
gout may skip a generation, and why' may
not it skip four or five? Hereditary' ten-
dency is probably of far more remote origin
than is commonly' supposed, and is a reflec-
tion of the tendencies of untold numbers who
have preceded us in the family tree. It is
a frightful thing thus to look back on the
sins of our forefathers and to recognise the
transmitted punishment, but it is in ac-
cordance with other facts of moral origin
and highest dictation. It is sometimes as-
serted that when people live together, or
are intimately associated, they grow' like
each other, and we know that schoolboys
are apt to catch any peculiarity of hanit or
expression of their tutor or schoolmaster.

'I'hi- i> undoiib' ci; 1 \ llii i.i-i on il 1-
\ cry dilfcn-iit ihioc licm I'hy

,'ical pri-uliai itic- avijoind c . .lic-iiUill y ao
not t lansrnil ted. A man f.-i - a h l'. bi.t
his child ren an- bom v d h I lid i piopci i on;
]ilcmcnl . Eoi gr-ncialioii' pa-i A ha- la . n
custoniai v to ciil olf lla- l ai- and laiN of
( ei l.ain biccil- of dog- hot it ha- noi n -
suited in the c-.tablishnicnt ol a lacc ol'aiii
mals u n furnished with I he-e n-efnl append -
iiges. ( )n the other hand, w hen by a en-
rious freak ofniduie a man 1- liorn with a
supernumeiarv linger or toe he may tran-s-
mit this |ieeuliarily to bis ehildien. It
sometimes Inqqjens that ehildien ol'one
exhibit an hereditary taint, uhil-t those of
the opposite sex esctqie it. 'I'he boys ■'lakt-
after’’ the fiithcr and the girls alter ihe
mother, and atendenev to disa a'C may bc
more or less iiowerful as the child rir^em-
bles one or other jiarent.

Cy'rus H. McCormick exhibited his mower
at the London Eair. in l'^51; at that tim<-
every .acre of hay cut. cost a days hard work
for one man. Now a boy can ride all day
on a spring seat and cot ten acres of hay
and feel like tinning hand springs in thc
evening. McCormick's mower maile him a
millionaire and saved millions eountles-s
davs of hard labor.

The Ball and Ball Co. limited of Erank-
ford Philadelphia were awarded apreminni
at the World's Fair for Ilrawing Instru-
ments and patented Duplex Pen for engi-
neers, colleges, etc. 'I'his firm is obtaining
a wide reputation for the excellent (|uality
and tine adjustment of their drawing in-
struments.

We are ofttn asked bv our suh.scribere for
inlbrmation as to the best way of advertis-
ing their inventions. we rtqily that one of
the most effective ways as well as the chea])-
est and cjuickest is to communicate directly
with firms or persons already established in
manufacturing or selling articles similarto
their inventions. They can do this by aje
jilying to the Inventive Age for names
and addresses which will be furnished at the
rate of seventy five cents a hundred names.,

.Agents are wanted for the Inventive Age
in every town and county of .America.

coiAz:sei_i_s.

Practical Bricklayers

IN .ALL BRANCHES.

Best of work done at shortest notice.

Hstimates furnished.

634 I Street N. E.

N. SPRHGUe,

Real Estate and Loans,

Room 10, No. 614 F .St. N.W.,

W.ASIIINGTON, D. C.

Property bought and sold.

ETS'T.AIiEISIIED 1S57.

W. W. KIMBALL CO.

MANrK.AC'lT'RICR.S OK

PIANOS AND ORGANS,

Highest Honors World's Fair.

60 Organs Daily, CHICAGO, 20 Pianiis Daily.

OFFi' E AND WaRF.HO 'MS : Fa( TORULS :

Wabash Ave. near SL C'E. ainl luH'fv-

Wfll Sts.

12

THE HT^ElTTIirE

POPULAR SCIENTIFIC BOOKS FREE.

■■■■■■

We will send your choice of any one of the follow-
ing valuable publications, together with The
Inventive Age one year, FOR OAE DOLLAR.

The A B C of Electricity, by W. H. Meadowcraft. How to Make Electric Batteries at Home, fully illustrated, by Edward Trevert. Ever}'body’s Hand-book of
Electricity, illustrated, bv Trevert. Dynamo and Electric Motors, illustrated by same. Practical Treatise on Electro-plating, by same. Practical Treatise on the In-
candescent Lamp, by Randall. Alternate Current Machinery, by Gisbert Capp. Steam Boiler Explosions, by Zerah Colburn. Ventilation of Buildings, by W. F. But-
ler; edited and enlarged by J. L. Greenleaf. On the Designing and Construction of Storage Reservoirs, by Arthur Jacob, A. B. A Treatise on the Compound En-
gine, by John Turnbull, Jr. ; with additions by Prof. S. W. Robinson. Safety Valves, by Richard H. Buel, C. E. A Practical Treatise on the Teeth of Wheels, with the Theory
of the use of Robinson’s Odontograph, by Prof. S. W. Robinson. On Transmission of Power by Wire Ropes, by Albert W. Stahl. Terrestrial Magnetism of Iron Ships,
by Prof. Fairmaii Rogers. Cable Making for Suspension Bridges, as exemplified in the construction of the East River Bridge, by Wilhelm Hildenbrand, C. E. A
fflfand-book of the Electro-magnetic Telegraph, by A. E. Loriiig, a Practical Telegrapher. Transmission of Power by Compressed Air, by Robert Zahner, M. E. Tur-
ibine Wheels, by Prof. W. P. Trowbridge. The Telescope: its Construction, etc., by Thomas Nolan. Induction Coils: How Made and How Used. The Theory of the
:Gas Engine, by Dugald Clerk. Electro-magnets, by Th. du Moncel. Dynamo-electric Machinery, by S. P. Thompson. Dynamo Electricity, by John Hopkinson, j.
.A. Schoolbred and R. E. Day. Recent Progress in Dynamo-electric Machines, being a Supplement to Dynamo-Electric Machinery, by Prof. Silvauus P. Thompson.
The Steam Engine Indicator and its Use, by W. B. Levan. Hand-book of Mineralogy ; Determination and Description of Minerals found in the United States, by
Prof. J. C. Foye. Modern Gun Cotton : Its Manufacture. Properties and Analysis, bv Lt. John P. Wisser, U. S. A.

.NOVELTY MANUFACTURE’S DIRECTORY.

GOODNOW & WiGH'niAX,

63 Sudbury St., Boston, Mass.

Ives, Blakeslee & Co.,

294 Broadway, New York City.

Domestic Manufactueing Co.,

Wallingford, Connecticut. |

Schwab & Seecomb,

Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Deteick & Haevey Machine Co.,

* Baltimore, Md.

■Brass Goods IMfg. Co.,

88 Chambers St., New York.

Union Novelty Woeks,

437 Broadway, New York.

The Hatch Bros. Co.,

Bridgeport, Connecticut.

Erie Union Mfg. Co.,

Erie, Peuusylvauia.

The A S. Spence Co.,

.537 Market St., San Francisco, Cal.

McCreary Electrical Specialty Co ,
136 Liberty St., N. Y

Every new subscriber to The Inventive
Age is entitled to one notice. Capitalists
and others desiring to make purchases of
patents will herea'ter be allowed free use of
this column of “wants,” and may insert
any advertisement they choose within the
limit of five lines.

Maiuifacturei's and Capitalists who wish to buy a jiat-
'cnt of merit or work on royalty. A'ldress George C.
ijtaiiton, New Iberia, La.

To blast shafts 1 or 5000 feet deep through any earth
rocks at the charge per foot-aiea charged by other
methods for 1 to 3 feet well hole. Address Gravity
Torpedo Excavator, Colfax, WashiLgton.

A partner with a few thousand dollars to introduc.
to the K. R. CVs., a new Automatic Car Couplers
Patent No. -184,451. Address. Edward \S . Uarrow, 30
Market ISt., Plymouth, Mass.

Competent agents and manufacturers to sell and man.
ufacture my Flood Fence, a ratling seller, and money
maker. Mr. Frank ^Vinters of White Hall, 111., ha^
ocntrol of the territory East of the Mississippi. For
liarticulai's address, W, W. King, Box 2o, Lewistown,
Mo.

I desireagood patent to handle; a labor or money-
saving device of meiit, for < ity or country. J am pre-
pared to push the sale of it. Address, W. H. Haimon,
fil20 Madison Ave.. Kansas City, I\Io.

A purchaser for a one-fourth interest in my Patent
Feed Water Regulator for 8team Boilers. Havingre-
ceived a few orders, I would like to make arrangements
to manufacture. Agents wanted. Address, A. E.
Haims, Scio, N. Y. Box 104.

mTeTirglo"! Agents. $75

a week. E.xclusive territory. The
Kapid DLhWaNher. Washes allihe
dishes for a family ia one minute.
Washes, rinses and dries them
without welting the hands. You
push the button, iberoachinedoes
the rest. Brieht, polished dishes,
and cheerful wires. Ko scalded
^Sogers.nosoiledhandsor clothing,
r No broken dishes, no muss. Cheap,
durable, warranted. Circulars free.
W. P. HARRISON S: CO., Clerk No. 12, Columbus, O.

T- A.

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FOKEICiX AND DOMESTIC

ROOM mouldings * AND * DECORATIONS
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22.=1-2 Tel Call

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I will paper room in Blank for $3.50, gilt $4 00
an<t up. Scraping extra. All work guaranteed.
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Give me a trial.

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GENERAL

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Estimates furnished on all classes of
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Valuable Books For Sale.

Simond’s Digest of Patent Causes (latest
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Walker ou Patents (latest edition). Regu-
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Experimental Science by Hopkins (edi-
tion of 1890). Regular price §4. IMy price
§2.25.

The Techno Chemical Receipt Book by
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lar price §2. My Price $1.25.

Seven copies of Curiosities of the U. S.
Patent Office by Raymond (only edition)
Regular price §2.00. My price §1.35.

Graham’s Haud-Book of ,Standard Phono-
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McCall’s Clerk Assistant, (edition of
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Hints to Power Users by Grimsliaw. Price
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These books have not been used and are
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327 James St., Syracuse, N. Y.

Improved Service to Cincinnati & St. Louis.

The Baltimore A Ohio Southwestern Lim-
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man Company. Pullman Dining Cars are
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ing 10.00 A. M. and 5. (JO P. M. week days,
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During the next 30 da3^s will i Croswell’s Notes On patent cases.
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on all Trouserings.

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Tailor.

R. R. SIMMS,

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vShop In Rear of 920 M Street, N. W.

Washington, D. C.

REPAIRS A SPECIALTY.

Weather strips. Window screens.

WM. L. PRICE,

THE PHOTOGHATHEH,

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making a Specialty of

Large Portrait and One
Dozen Cabinets for $5.00

Just think of it.

Larger sizes at equally low prices.

Also he has a splendid Lot of Frames
Cheap

Remember the place —

W. 1.. PRICE,

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Copying and enlarging done.

C. B. Atchison,
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And Gas Filter.

E. A. Atchison
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Real Eslale Clearing House

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Curtis On The Law Of Patents.
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Mp:rvin On Patentability. One vol-
ume 8vo. Sheep, $6.00

Preble’s patent Case Index. Second
Editiou. One volume, Thick i2mo.
Sheep, $6.00 net.

Robinson’s Law Of Patents. Three
volumes, 8vo. Sheep, $19.50 net.

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254 Washington St., Boston.

Don’t pay any attention to e\il reports.
Don’t he to quick to condemn.

Don’t repeat whot your ueighboi's say, they
may be mistaken.

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expect to find it there alter the bouse is
burned.

Invest it.

[ The Fidelity Building, Loan and
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Offers special inducements to any one look-
ing for absolute security.

908, 914 G St. N. W.
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Secretary.

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Monthly paym ent stock, 60 cents and $1.2
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Loans made at low rates, to be paid back
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CHARLES C. TURNER.

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.-■Al.i' A
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CORRESPOXDEXCE SOJ-ICEfEn.

Hon. Joseph D. Taylor, President. W. F. Johnson, Cm' I .Mana-r r.

E. MORRISON PAPER COMPANY,

DT'ALEKS IX

White, Manilla and Straw Wrapping Paper

FLOUR SACKS, PAPER BAGS,

Twine, Shipping Tags, Straw Board. Ice Cream Boxes, Writing
and Printing Papers and Envelopes.

Agents for Holyoke Flat and Writing Papers, Collins’ Printers’ and Photographers
Cards, Chas. Eneu Johnson & CO.’s Printers’ Inks.

No. 1009 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W., Washington D. C.

The Advertisers, Subscribers and Readers

Of The Inventive Age will secure neatness, dispatch
and moderate prices on all kinds of printing by calling on

(j^bc (^CsC priiitinos ^ompaiUL

thor. 8tb anh h Streets, M. IP.

Call us up by Telephone, 1516, and our representative
will visit you, give estimates and take orders.

HORACE J, LONG,

Successor in the

WALL PAPER

Department of the

¥, H. HOUGHTON MfiNU'F. CO.

1218-1220 F Street, N. W.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

HENRY J. ALBERT, Manager.
Wall Paper, Interior Decorations.

Frescoing. Cornice Tinting.
Interior Wood-work and Painting.
Floor Polishing. Stained Glass.

William Duffy.

REGISTERED

Plumber and Gas Fitter.

1130 NORTH CAPITOL ST.,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

ESTIMATES FURNISHED.

Orders by mail will receive prompt
attention.

H. ICOT’T'BIj,

ARTIST TAILOR,

718 nth Street N. W.

Pall and if ’inter stock now on hand to select
from.

PiriCES EEASOXABLE.

p. fl. Blijpdop,

Carpenter and Bnilder,

I SHOP: REAR 616 H ST., N. W.

^ M Wort Promptly Atteiideil To.

AY. S. PLAGER,

pARFENTER jBuiLDRRj

JOBBING PROMPTLY ATTEND-
ED TO BY ADDRESSING OR
CALLING AT SHOP, REAR OF
RESIDENCE.

No. 27 M Street, N. W.,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

P. S. MURPHY,

N. W. Corner 3rd and H Streets,

PriKti'calXUihiiid & Ti'^utiiio^

steel Plate Furnaces, Ranges and
Latrobes.

Jobbing done on short notice.

14

TZEilE inST'VEISrTI'VE

INVENTIVE AQE BUILDING

K

yHE JnveN'TI¥B ^QE=

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DUBOIS & DUBOIS,

EDITORS & PROPRIETORS.

A.N INDUCE3IENT.

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HEAD IT.

Send one dollar to The Inventive
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S. S. SHEDD & BRO.

The heating of Homes by

Warm Air Kutrnaces.

I’ersonal attention given the Sanitary

Plumbing of Dwellings- j

Gas Fixtures, Ranges, Lamps.

432 9th St. Washington, D. C.

JOHN IIOWLINGS,

j

G12 12th St., N W. Wiushington, D. C. '

HARDWOOD AND SLATE MANTELS.

The finest line in the city.

Tile work for Bathrooms, Vestilmles, Flooi*san<l Wain- ,
scoting. All the latest color effects. Brass and
Wrought Iron, fire gotids, Andirons, Fenders, Firesets,
etc. Wood Carpet and Parquetry flooring a specialty.

A call invited. Telejdione 1073.

M. M. TREMBLEY k CO.,

Expert Sign Painters.

HOUSE PAINTING A SPECIALTY.

ESTIMATES FURNISHED.
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED TO
ALL OUR WORK.

None except Expert Hands employed.
1208 PENN. AYE. N. W.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

TELEPHONE 1679.

E. C. (ilLLj Manager.

Washington Lime ^Cement Co.

COK. 8t!i & BOUND AKY Sts., AYash D. C.,
WHOLESALE an-1 RETAIL DEALERS IN
Lime, Plaster. Antietam anti Portlaml Cements Flue
Lining Slate, Feed, Wood and Coal Wliolesale and Retail
LIME and Antietam CEMENT furnished in Carload lots
ESTIMATES CHEERFULLY FURNISHED.

ETTINGER & SMITH,

Contractors and Builders,

No. 215 Twelfth Street N. W.,

THE PEOPLE’S :

[

Co-Operative Burial Association. '

All persons who may be called on to bury a I
member of their family or a friend are resi)ect- |
fully invited to call at the Oliice of the Co-opera-
tive Burial Association and examine our certifi-
cates representing>50 and?100 funerals Certifi-
cates, when i)aid up, draw 6 per cent interest, |
and are transferahle to any one Cash or instal- j
inent, as preferred All of our funerals will
have prompt attention and the best of services
guaranteed Examine and be convinced of |
your interest in the matter
Open d!iy and niglit for funeral -work Tele-
phone, 775 S. H, HINES President,

1315 14th St. nw. Washington, D. C.

Cabinet Work a Specialty. .lobbing done Promptly

T. E. G.A-BE31jXj,

Contractor and Builder,

1 13: 1st St. N. W., Washington, D. C.

Estimates for Buildings Furnished. Work Contract-
ed for on the Best Terms. Charges Moderate.

KEEFER & CAMPBELL,

21 1 loth St. N. W.,

CARPENTERS AND BUILDERS.

Estimates furnished.

Jobbing done at Short Notice.

Contains complete and Serial Stories.
IlluHtrated articles on TRAVEL, SOCIETY NOTES,
including a most effective seriee of illustrated ‘lescrip-
tioDR of the Historic Homes of Washington. POR-
TRAITS OK PROMINENT PEOPLE; BIOGRA.PH-
ICAL SKETCHES; Iiesides a large nnmber of inter-
esting departments carefully prepared, as

Health Hints, The Mother’s Page,

Tlie Dining Room, Recipes, (Tried and Tested,)

Fasliiou Fancies, Latest Modes.

Series of articles on HOME DRESSM.AKING, FLOW-
ERS and PLANTS, FANCY WORK, KNITTING and
CROCHETING.

Children’s page. Witli many other kindred tf)pic8,
making it llie best magazine in tlie world for the
money) 50 cts. per year. Agents wanted.
Address

THE Brodix Publishing Co..

WASHINGTON, D, C.

GEORGE FRITCH,

SLATE AND TILE ROOFER,

1424 Tenth St., uear PSt. N. W.

WASHINGTON, D. C.,

Repairing a specialty. All work guaranteed.

COLUMBIAN UNIVERSITY, CORCORAN
SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL.

E. E. JACKSON. E. COLLIER.

THOS. NORWOOD.

E.E.Jackson&Co.

Manufacturers of

Lumber, Doors, Sash,

Blinds and Monlding.

Cor. 13tli St. and Ohio Ave., N. W.

Washington, I). C.

SPFCIALTIFS: Dressed Flooriugs.
Makers of Alabama Fdge-Grain
Flooring.

Mills located at Plautersville, Ala.

HAYWARD & HUTCHINSON

Workers in Marble, Mosaics
and

Encaustic Tiling.

Brass, and

Wrought Iron
Fire Goods

Portable and
Fixed Grates,

, Bath-room
Tiling,

Floor Tiling.

434 9tli Street, X. W.,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

JOHN IVIcKENNA,

Plain and Ornamental Plasterer,

1412 34111 St., West Wasliingtoii, D. C.

WM. A. THOMAS. WAI. S. DUTTON,

THOMAS & DUTTON,

1108 I4tli St., N. W.,

REGISTERED PLUMBERS,

AND GAS FITTFKS.
Fstimates cheerfully furnished.

Orders by mail proinptl}- attended to.

The Columbia National Bank,

WILLIAIYI A. KIIYIIVIEL,

CONTRACTOR

—AND

BIJILDER.

SHOP: 1006 Oomi,, Avenue.
EESIDEN0E!ll32N. J. Ave,

Estimates furnished at the short-
est notice.

PERCY M. KING,

PAPER HAXGER AND DECORATOR,

And Dealer in Wall Papers, Window Shades and
Wall Monldings,

16147th St., N.W. Washington, D. C.

All orders promptly attended to and esti-
mates cheerfully furnished.

Estimates cheerfully furnished.

Jobbing done at short notice.
Orders by mail will receive prompt
attention.

GUS. KNEAS,

TIN ROOFING,

GUTTERING AND SPOUTING,

Stove & Furnace Work. Copperware Re-lined.
Jobbing Promptly Attended to

1401 Q St. N. W., Washington, D. C.

JOHN W. COLLINS,

724 nth St. N. W.

Tin Roofing, Guttering aud Spouting.

RANGES AND LATROBES.
Repairing a specialty. Work done at
Short Notice.

Next session begins October 3, 1893. Courses
are otl'ered in ' eneral Physics; Practical Klec-
tricity (liased on Slingo and rooker .s Electrical
Enginee ing) : Advanced Tlie'oretical and Ap-
I>lied Electricity (liased on the works of Thom-
son, Gerard, Hering, and otliers. Thermodyna-
mics and the Steam Engine (Holmes); hemical
Physics; l.aVior.atory work in General Pliysics
and Practical Electi icity. Improved laboratory
facilities Plant consists of 4 hor.se power en-
gine, 1 Kilow.itt Riker dynamo, 1-horse power
Lumlell motor, and testing instruments. Ad-
dress E P Eewi.s. Head of Department.

Courses are also ottered in Anthropology. As-
saying, Architecture. Astronomy. Botany,
Chemisti’y, Civil Engineering, Dr.awing, English,
Frencli, German, Spanish, Latin. Geodesy, Math-
ematics, Mineraldgy and Geology, Meteorol-
ogy, Philosophy, Political Economy, and Zool-
og.v The c asses all meet after 6PM

Ror information address Professor C. E Mun- ,
roe. Dean of the Faculty

J. W. McMAHON,

Window Shades, Room Mouldings, A
Full Assortment ofFtchings, Sheet Pic-
tures, Ftc.

PAF>EP1S.

Picture Frame Maker, Fresco Painting-
Fine work a Specialty.

1604 14TH St, N, W. Washingten, D. C.

911 r STREET N. W.

WiASlTINGTOIM, U. G,

A General Banling Business Transactecl.

OAPITAIu, $250,000.

E. S. PARKER, .... President.

A. F. FOX, Vice-President.

CLARENGE CORSON, . . . Cashier

W. BKRON,

HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTER.

GRAINING AND GRAZING.
Gilding Glass a Specialty.
General Decorator.

329 7th St., S. F. Washington, D. C.

THE IISr^EHTZ^E ^OE-

15

WE OBTAIN

PATENTS,

COPYRIGHTS SECURED.

TRADE MARKS REGISTERED
Searolies made as to novelty.
Opinions rendered as to Scope and
Validity of Patents.
Assig'iinients prepared and recorded.

Abstracts to title made
Opinions as to Intring-einent given.

Patent Litigation condncted

Our charges are definite and reason
ABLE. Best of references throughout the
United States, Canada, and Europe.

Our new and enlarged Hand Book,
containing over Fifty Illustrations, for
•warded on request.

Inventors’ interests carefully guarded.
All correspondence strictly secret and con-
fidential. During ten years of practice we
have secured some of the most valuable
patents issued.

.tDDRESS

DI BOIS & DUBOIS,

The Inventive Ase Bnilciing,
Washington, D. C.

WHEATLEY BROTHERS,

liurnberCRerchants

Aiul Maiuifactmei's of

SASH, DOORS, BLINDS

And Hard Wood Material.
Worked Flooring a Specialty.

offices: mill:

Seventh St-, and Rhode Island Avc. Water Street.
Water St., Georgetown, D. 0. Georgetown, D. C

T s: :e

9th and F SI., N. W.

Loans IVIoney on Collateral and
Real Estate.

Pays Interest on Deposits. Has tor sale
Secured Investments.

CAPITAL, $1,000,000.

Call and see or write to us.

B. H. WARNER, President.

JNU. J(JY EPSON, Vice-President.
.INO. A. SWoPE, 'Id Vice Pres.,

JNU. R. CAKMODA’, Tretivurer.

W. B. ROBISON, Secretury.
ANDREW PARKER, Sec'y.

J. T. L-eYZV,

General Contractor and Builder,

1404 Park St. Mount Pleasant.

Office 183S i4tli St. N. W.
Jobbing promptly attended to.

13TH ST. N. W.

Pamily Hotel. Central Location.

$1.50 TO $2.50 PER DAY.

NO LIQUORS, Washington, D. C.

T. M. HALL.

I

BlI.Vol.F.V BltOTUEItS.

TO

.1. W. LA TOUIlETrE,

'.i27 D ST. N. W.,

Desire to inftirni tlit'ir fiipiuls and tlie general pnlilit
tliat they have I'diTliased a iiortioii of tlie stuek — velii*
cles and good will — cf said La TuUiette at tlie alxive
named staDles, and sliiill supply tho stahles witli new
liuggies, etc., and hrst-class iliiving Imrses, and thereDy ;
he prepaied to furnish the finest tui nonts in tlie city,
making a specialty of light Idl ing ; lioi'ses l.ioanled Dy
the day or month at reiLSonahle rates. Give us a call.

BRADI.KV BUGS.,

Successoi's to J . W. LaTourettc,

027 D, street, ne.vt to Evening News.

Telephone Call, 2i;i.

P. S. — .\lso ietors '>f Ridgelan<l Stock Farm,

near Cahill .luhn Biidge. horses stahlc<l and pastured
at all seasons.

R, STONESIFER,

21tcrcbant bailor,

609 D Street, N. W.
AV^f^HIiSrGi-TOlSr, I), c.

GEORGE W. MILLER,

CONTK.ACTOP AND BRICKLAYEK.

.... 717 Marshall St. N. W.

Estimates cheerfully furnished to Builders.

Jobbing promptly attended to. Orders
by mail will receive prompt
attention.

The Sd Kiiii cf as Isieslisesi. I

The price of large timber tracts in the South '
has increased 200 per cent in the last six years.
Will increase more rapidly as tracts grow scarci
er.

The Interstate Land Bureau, room 40, Nationa-
Union Building, Washington, D. C,, has for sale
over L500.000 acres of timber land, in tracts from
10,000 to 300,000 acres, in Kentucky, North Caro,
lina. Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and
Texas. Prices from $1 to $8 per acre.

Also land for colonies in Southern Maryland
Virginia. Alabama and Georgia. Good unim-
proved farming land in Alabama and Georgia,
easy of access to markets, from $2 to t3 per acre.

Also coal land in Tennessee, Kentucky .and
West Virginia,

Also cheap farms in Virginia and Maryland,
and choice gold mining properties in Virginia,
Maryland, North Carolina and Georgia.

Alse choice properties for large or small in-
vestors in and about Washington The Bureau
has reliable agents in London and Amsterdam.

WiV!. EDGAR ROGERS,

8ec’y iind Gon’l Manager.

W. E. ('OLI5UKN,

GENERAL CONTRACTOR.

Portlaiul Cement Walks. Steps and Pavements Laid
Excavating, Raving, Soddingaud Cement-Work a Spec’
ialt> . Fbliinates Runiptly Given
B0X:l:i, BUILDERS EXCHANGE.
Residence, 715 First St. N. W. Wasiiincton, D. 0.

J. T. WALKER SONS,

Dealers iu LIME, CEMENTS, PL.AS-

TER, PITCH, HAIR, BUILDING
PAPERS.

2 and 3 ply Roofing Material, Flue Lining.
Slortar Uolm-s. Slate, Clocks, Fire Bricks, Clay. Tile
( hai coal. Tar.

Telephone 741. e04 intli St. N. W. Washington, D. C,

CATALOGUE TOOLS & SUPPLIES FREE ►

^ inraiw

I Machine feUr *

I

CATALOGUES FREE TO ANY ADDRESS

5C

oF

TOOLS, AIATEKLVLS AXl) sriMMUKS

of every desi.-riptiou, for

3IAXUFACTURIX(I and EXPEKIMEXTAJ. ILirj.os.-s.

All INVENTORS and 3IOI)EL MAKJlRS should send for one of
onr complete Illustrated Catalogues, dialled free to aiiv addn's.s.

GOODNOW & WIGHTM AN,

6.3 Sudburv .St., Boston, -M;

ass

SETS OF CASTINGS OF

MODEL ENGINES

tj-j A CATALOGUES

GHPFi'ail I - V f ' F” R E E

IsALSO TOOLS,

GEAR WHEELS. & PARTS OF MODELS

CATALOGUES FREC TO ANY AOORESS

#

TrfTT'mra

"iSoO,

^ r,, .*pr . —

'aCD* ^

SAFE, DURABLE FENCE; ORLY t80 PER MIIE.

LAND - OWNERS
AffentSmo^®^ inZZnZ Cash

The best local and traveling agents wanted every-
where. Write at once for circulars and choice ter-
ritory; address A. G. Halbert. Patentee, care of

' . oLIVt STKEIT.

^St. Louis, Mo.

Factory Catalogue with 200 engraved designs and
prices, sent free to any who waot fancy iron and
wire work or city, ownetaryand farm fences, eko.

ED. MALLET, JR. ERNEST A. HODGE-

MALLET & HODGE,

Plumbing and Gas-Fitting,

720 Eloveiith Street, X.W.,
WASHIXGTOX, D. C.

Repair work attended to. Estimates furnished

ti:lepuo nk o4o,

WU. W. WIN FREE,

Garpeiiter and Bailder,

1411 P' Street, N. W.

Estimates cheerfully given. None ex-
cept best of workmen employed by me.

Wm. MacKENZIE & CO.,

CONTRACTORS iu STONE
WORK. Estimates Cheer-
fully furnished. S. W. Cor.

New Jersey .Avenue and R
Street, Northwest,

WASHINGTON, D. C.
New Wood and Coal Yard.

P. R. TAVENNER & BRO.,

Wood and Coal Dealers,

3323 M Street, W. Wash’n.

All kins of coal at lowest rates served iu any quant-
ity, and prompt delivery guaranteeil. Coal under cover.

W. S. JONES,

No. 1103 Sixth Street, N. Wk,

C0NTRAGT-0R X BUILDER.

Jobbing Promptly Attended to.
Estimates furnished at Shortest Notice.

CHAS. E. COGGSWELL,

(^arpealer aad j^uilder,

Fifteenth Street Extended,

A/t. Pleasant.

Jobbing done iu all its branches.
Estimates cheerfully furnished.

W. J. THOROWGOOD & CO.

DK.VLFIiS TX

diarr papers, Dseoratlons.

Room Glourdings. SFades. §e.

nil 14rtli Street, N". V\'.
WASHINGTON, D. C.

Fresco and Plain Painting.
Estimates Given.

C. E. FINCH,

Btair Builder*

2123 H Street, N. W..
Washington. D. C.

Oiia,s« Ziodglrin..,

Expert in Plate Glass.

WAREROOMS: 913 7th St., N. W.
Washington, D. C.

PHI RIP N. T^WVEU,

Qrcfiitcct.

Cor. 4} and E Streets, S. W.

Washington, D. C.

Office of N. E Express. Artists’ Supplie

C. B. E. HAELER,

Artistic Paper Hangings,

WLVDOW SHADES.

PICTURE FRAMES.

ROOM MOULDINOS.

AND TINTING.

Estimates Fnrniaied. All Work Guaraiiteeii

111s H STREET, N. E.

Orders Dy Mail or OlheiANise Proini'tly
Attended to

16

the znspv'EisrTi'VE -A_a-E.

FREDERICK CARL,

Successor to E. H. Bradford.

Model Maker,

Expert In Perfect Working Models,

7U G Street, opp. U. S. Patent Office.

Desi^ninp, Ilraftinp, and Perfect Working Models for
Inventors. Mtidels made from sketclies, f’atent
Office drawings or home-made models. Dupli-
cates made of Patent Office models for law
suits in case of infringement. Pat-
terns made from wood and metal.
Jlunnfacturing of Novelties.

A. F. JORSS,

Ornamental and Antiniie Finisli Wronglil

IIION AVOKK,

No. 304 13th Street. N. W.,

AVASHINGTOX, I). C.

H. S. Wood.

I'. E. Wood.

GEO. S. DOREMUS. FRANK C. JUST-

DOREMUS& JUST,

414 11TH ST. (STAR BUILDING,)

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Vlodel lVI©l<ei’5 o ® •

• • • • N|oVettte5 ©nd £lechic (§)Upplie5.

All kii^ds of Screw macl^ii^e work. Bicycles built to order,
repaired, pickle plated and epameled with baked enamel
Gold, Siver N ickle copper apd bropze plater,

Chandeliers refinished in the latest styles.

Out of towp work solicited.

GEORGE R. AIKEN,

STAIJ? BUILDING ami

HAND RAIL WORKING
A Specialty.

i2i6 C St., N. W. Washington, D. C.

Andrew B. Graham,

LIT1I0GR4PIIE11

1230 PENNA AVE., WASHINGTON, D. C.

^

Bill-beads, Letter-heads,

Diplomas, Cards,

Bonds, Notes,

Checks, Drafts,

Certilicate.s of stock. Etc.

Photo- Litlio5»Ta phi ii|g.

EDWARD H. Allen.

President.

Maurice Joyce.

Treasurer.

rr

E SMMi EBHIKC EiPil

414 Eleventh Street, 927 F Street,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

WOOD BROTHERS,
painter^ ai]d papeii Hanger?,

751 Eighth Street, S.E.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

458 - 400 Peiiiisylvaiiia Avenue, Wusliington, D. C.

Special attention given to the reproduction and printing of copies on parchment
drawing-paper, tracing-linen, and card-board, of Patent Office drawings for attorneys to
accompany applications lor patents in foreign countries.

iingrauing Off ffletboels.

Half-Tones etched on Hard Rolled Copper and blocked on

Mahogany a Specialty.

Rorris Pe;te;rs ©ompam^j,

Estimates cheerfully furnished. Or-
ders by mail receive prompt attention.

WOOD COAL COKE

Dry well-seasoned Wood.
Free-Burning Coke.
First Grade Coal.

Sole Agents for the

Celebrated ARGYLE STEAMING COAL.

SIEEl

CISIIIES

Thos. R. Martin,

Main Office : 920 20th St., N. W.

Telephone Call, 1766.

GEORGE M. BARKER,

W, P, TULLOCK, Manager.

3uiI6ina Illatcrial.

Doors, Sash, Blinds, Frames,
Moulding, Mantels.

NOS: 649 AND 651 N. Y. AVENUE.
WASHINGTON. D. C.

TELEPHONE 948.

D. BALLAUF,

PRACTICAL MECHANICIAJN,

(Established 1855.)

NO. 731 SEVENTH STREET, N. W.
WASHINGTON, D. C.

Constructor of Light Machinery, Experimental
and Model Work.

All orders for Certified Duplicates of Patent
Office IModels. and Models of any Foreign Pat-
ents from Drawings and Specifications, filed in
the Lilirary of the Patent Office for law suits In
case of infringement; also. Original Models for
Inventors, and Models to complete application
for Patents, from Drawings and Specifications
filed in the Patent Ofilce.

J. SCHl'LTZBACH.

Meclianician and Model Maker.

713 6tll Street, N. W. WASHINBTOH, D. C.

Models for Patents and iExperiutents.
Electrical and IMeteornlogical Iiistrumeiits and light
machinery uf every descri|itiou made to order.

Barber & Ross,

Lii ni her, Doors,
Sasli, Blinds,
Hardware.
Wood and Slate
Mantels,

Gas Fixtnres, &c.

FROM 1-4 TO 40,000 POUNDS WEIGHT

0/ Opp» Hearth, CheHter or Bessemer Steel.
True to Pattern. Sonnd, Solid.

Gearing of all kinds, Crank Shafis.
Knuckles for Car Couplers.

Cross-Heads., Itockeis., Piston- Heads., etc. for Locomotives.
Steel Castings of Every Description.

Chester Steel Castings Co.

Works, Chester, Pa,

Office, 407 Library St,, Philadelphia, Pa.

OFFICE AND STORE:

11th and G Street, N. W.

WAREHOUSE :

13th and Ohio Ave.

EXPERT MODEL MAKING.

Established 1867.

PETI'R SEYTf, Prop. Chicago Model Works, Chicago,
111 179 Madison St. Write for catalogue of Model
Supplies and references.

Fifth Year i
No. 2. )

WASHIXC'/roX, I). C., FKP.RrAKV. IS'.H.

) Single Copie-^ lOCents
I $1 Per Year.

MONSTER 13=INCH CANNON.

Being Made at the Washington Navy Yard for
American Battle Ships.

Some facetious writer iu London L'un has outlined
something about the destructive features of twen-
tieth century ordnance. He dates his article A. D.
1930, and refers to a niillion-and-one-ton cannon con-
structed for English coast defense. The manufact-
ure of this ponderous cannon is estimated to have
cost the English Government 150,000,000,000 pounds
sterling, and to move it one inch entailed an expen-
diture of 90,000.000 pounds sterling. An impending
war with Europe suggested an experiment as to the
practical utility of this ponderous implement of war-
fare. It was estimated that it would cost 10.000,000
pounds sterling
to turn the muz-
zle of the can
non toward Eu-
rope and an ad-
ditional 3,000,-
000 pounds ster-
ling to hre a
single round.

After these es-
t i m a t e s were
made, a more
serious ques-
tion arose.

Would the Brit-
ish Isle with-
stand the re-
coil? But while
in the midst of
det e r m i u i n g
this question it
was discovered
that the powder
chamber in this
great gun was
defective, and
that it would
require six
years to com-
plete the need-
ed repair : and
the English
Gov e r n m e n t
was compelled
tobur3’ the pon-
derous cannon
beneath a mound of earth and C( ncentrate the com-
bined strength of its army and navy to defend that
which represented the weeilth of the nation. So much
for the pleasantry of the contributor to London Fun.

One of the distinguishing features at the World's
Fair was the great Krupp cannon. Thousands of
people ‘‘ stood at g-aze” wh.en contemplating the ex-
hibit of this great German gunmaker. not realizing
that in this country’, and by American genius and
skilled workmen, we were producing cannon of quite
equal power and efficiency-. Let any one who visited
the Exposition compare the size of the Krupp gun.

as it dwells in his memory, with the steel ritle in ac-
companying illustration, and determine for himself
if there is not apparent efficiency and jjotency- in its
cold, glittering-, gigantic proportions. The engrav-
ing presented displays a completed gun as it appears
at the United .States Navv Y'ard Gun Factory in
Washingt(.)n, U. C. This giant ‘•peace-maker” is
only one of ten guns of this calibre which have heen
manufactured at this foundry- by this great and pro-
g-ressive nation. These guns are very- costly- weap-
ons of warfare, as they- demand a charge of powder
weig-hing 5.50 ])i.)unds and throw a projectile weighing
1,100 pounds a distance of thirteen miles, when prop-
erly- elevated. They- are designated as 13-inch breech-
loading rifles. Twelve of these g^reat g-uns will be
made by the Government. Ten have already- been

practically- completed. They- are intended for the
battleships Oregon, Indiana and Massachusetts-
four for each of these vessels. Prepa rations have
been made for the test of these canni.m. They- will be
shipped from Washington to the Indian Head prov-
ing-- station. These tests will include the mounts and
charg'-e of powder required to secure their g'-reatest
efficiency. P<.>wder has been specially- prepared for
the purpose, and while the power of these rifle
cannon is y-et somewhat problematical, experts have
estimated (based upon experiments with g-uus of less
calibre), that they- will produce satisfactory- results.

The first firings will be t(jestablish a servi'-c of pow-
der charge, and in the early- experiments a low
charge will be used. Subsequently- the charg'es will
be gradually- increased. It is estimated that .'iti
])ounds of p(jwder will hurl the l.luo-pound pro-
jectile at the rate of 2.0()ii feet per second, and the
force of the blow at the muzzle of the g-un will be
sufficient to displace nearly- 40,fi0u tons </ue foot. The
hug'-e projectile, which must be placed iu the breech
of the g'-uu by- means of a derrick, will be fired at a
steel plate after the service charge has been deter-
mined. Some ordnance experts think a shell forced
from one of these great guns by- the explosion of .sfi<i
pounds of powder should pass completely- through 3-'
inches or more of steel at any distance within a
thousand yards of the muzzle. The enormous tensile

strength of
these great en-
g'ines of des-
truction is ob-
tained by- using-
t h e hardest
(juality of steel
b o t h in t h e
manufacture of
the rifled tubes
and the jacket-
in gs, or encas-
ing s. w h i c h
they receive.
The operation
of jacketing
( ne of these ri-
des is a very-
important one
and involves
uicety- of meas-
urement and
m a 11 i]iulatioii.
The principle
of heat expan-
sion and con-
traction is em-
]doy-ed in the
most scientific
sense' and cal-
culations are
made with e.x-
treme precis-
ion. The long-
steel tube is
])laced V e r t i -
callv iu a pit of sand. The jacket is then heated to
about 500 fr. This e.xpaiids the bore of the jacket
only a few thousandths of an inch, hut when it is
carefully placed upon the tube and permitted to cool
the jacket contracts and forms itself ahout the rifle
much more firmly- than thousands of bolts and rivets
could possibly- make it. In fact, the jacket actually
diminishes, by- contraction and pressure, the bore of
the inner tube about twelve one-thousandths of an
inch. When these jacketing operations are com-
menced there is always present quite a number of
^.Continued on /’ugf- g.)

THE LARGEST GUN EVER MANUFxVCTURED IN AMERICA 38 FEET LONG. 13-INCH CALIBRE.

THE INVENTIVE AGE

IJS

Estaljlisliecl ISSy.

IN\HNTIVE AGE PUBLISHING CO.,

Hth & H Sts., Wasliiiig;toii, 1>. C.

Alkx. S.Catehakt. Mahshali- H. Jkwhll.

Tlu' Inventive: Agk is sent, postage prepaid, to any address
in the United Stales, Canada or Mexico for Si a year; to any
utlier cou niry, postajre prepaid. Si .50. All subscriptions stopped
at expiration of term.

Correspondence with i n ven tors, mechanics, manufactu rers.
scientists and others is invited. The columns of this joiinial are
open for the discussion of such subjects as are of general interest
to its readers.

Technical matter is particularly desired. We want practical
information from practical men.

Xothintr will be published in the editorial columns for pay.

The Inventive Age is thorou^»‘hly i ndependent, and has no
alliance with any patent attorney or patent bureau. It is the
friend of the inventor and the American manufacturer.

Advertisinjr rates made known on application. Special facil-
ities for furnishinyf cuts «)f any patented article to^rether with
descriptive article. Business specials 15 cents a line each inser-
tion, 7 words to the line. No ad vertisement less than 5d cents.

Address all communications to Tin: In\'!:n rivi: Age. Wash-
in«rion. I). C.

Entt-rcd at the Posto^ice in Washington as second- eiass matter.

WASHINGTON. I). C.. FEBRUARY, 1894.

NEW DRESS, NEW nANAGEHENT.

Till', lN\ i;NTlVK Ac.K appears this month in a new
dress and under new manag'enient. Under the
g'uidance of its fiuinder, Mr. Janies T. Dulfois, TiiK
Invkntu'K now in its fifth year, alreadj' occu-

pies a leading;' position, and is a niag'azine of recog'-
nized standing in the scientific, industri.'il, nieclian-
ical and inventive world. It is the purpose of the
new management, if there be virtue in enterprise,
energy and pluck, to still furtlier extend the field
and scope of tlie magazine, and place it in the
front rank of higli class technical j<uirnals of the
country. It will strive to pronuite the harmoni<.)Us
relations that must naturally and necessarily exist
between inventors and manufacturers; it will aim
to be a true reflex of the inventive genius of the ag'e.
and its columns will be open to the discussion of such
questions asmay propern’ belong toa journ.al of this
class. It will, through its corps of contributors of
recognized standing and aliilitv, disseminate instruc-
tive and important informati<.m regarding valuable
inventions, useful discoveries and scientific ]3rinci-
])les. It desires to co-ojierate with practical men
who have practical ideas. It wants their advice,
suggestions and assistance. Thp; Lw iiN'rivp; Ac;p;
is not the organ of a patent bureau, or ally of any
jiatent attorney. It is the friend of the inventor and
the champion of his interests. In this respect the
A('.l''. has lieen divorced from all its former cijnditions.
Its advertising columns, heretofore exclusive, will
hereafter be open to all announcemenes of a legiti-
mate and reliable nature. The new management
feels certain that the mutual relations of confidence
and resjiect heretofore existing between Till'; Ixvkn-
Ac.i'; and its readers will continue, and to that
end it pledg'es sincerity of purpose and concentra-
tion of energy, effort and desire.

Mk. Kodkh'i' (Ikimsiiaw, IM. E.. of Aew York,
author of “Tips to Inventors," one of the most poji-
ular works for inventors and mechanics ever pub-
lished, and regular contributor to the In'vp;ntivp;
Agp;, will leave for Europe this month to make a
tour of the continent. Th.e lN\KXTl\'li Agp; is
pleased to announce that during his absence Mr_
Grimshaw has consented to continue his contribu-
tions to the columns of this journal each month.

Thh dispatches fell of the sudden disappearance
of Walter Campbell, president of the Illinois Elec-
trical Forging Co., with something like SlOO.OOtl

collected from stockholders in the company. The
Illinois concern was the outgrowth of the exhibit at
the World's Fair of a model of welding by means of
electricity, owned by the Boston Electrical Forging
Co. Campbell obtained the right for the state of Il-
linois by giving the Boston concern 25 per cent, of
the stock. Campbell then sold a pcn'tion of the stock
to other parties and departed for parts unknown.

It now seems likely that work on tlie proposed
Washing-ton and Baltimore electric railwaj- will
soon beg-in. The distance is something like thirt3’
miles. It is the purpose of the company to equip
the line with, model vestibule trains, make the trip
between the two cities in (jne hour and the rate 1-1. Oh
for the round tri]5. It is also re])orted that the plan
to connect the cities of New York and Philadelphia
by a trolley’ line has assumed definite shape, and if a
success, it ma}’ be assumed that the ctjnnection of
New Yi.irk and fVashington by an electric railway is
only a (juestion of short time.

Thk January number of the Eui^inccring I\[aga-
zinc was distinctively a souvenir number containing
a retrospect of the World's Fair. It was profusely
illustrated with half-tone full pag-e cuts of interior
and exterior views of the buildings of the White
City and the various displaj-s made in all industrial
lines. The matter was of a hig'-h order. The article
by Prof. R. H. Thurston, director of Sibley college,
Cornell University, “An Era of Mechanical Tri-
umphs,” possesses especial merit, reyiewing' as it
does the remarkable progress made in mechanics
and the useful arts by the inventive g-enius of the
nineteenth centuiw’.

Till'; threatened generosity of Krujjp, the g-reat
German gunmaker, as well as his business acumen
having failed him, the exhibit at the World’s Fair
has been shipped back to Germany. At first it was
re])firted that the big- 120-ton cannon would be pre-
sented to the city of Chicag-o and mounted on an ar-
tificial island, where it c<juld sweep the inland sea
and western metiaiijolis, but later negotiations hook-
ing to the sale of the monster gun to the govern-
ment were inaugurated. The fact being- discovered
that this g'-overnment is now making-- monster coast
defense g-uns of equal or superi(.ir merit to the Krupp
manufacture brought all such negotiations to an end
and the big gun goes back to Germaiu'.

Bv United States I’atent No. 186,787, issued Janu-
ary 30, 1877. Alexander Graham Bell secured a
patent on the first jiractical telephone. Two 3'ears
previous to tliat time he had secured a patent on the
method of transmitting-- speech by electrical action
but not until 1877 did the telephone reach a state (jf
general utilit3'. < )n the 30th of last month the
patent on the electric telegrapher in the Bell tele-
])h(_me patents ex])ired. These patents were ver3-
broad in their constructiijii, but their validit3’ was
confirmed 1)3’ the Suj)reme Court of the United
States, the case being one of the most famous and
closeU’ contested ever before that bod3'. The
e.xpiration of these patents and the free rig-’ht of tlie
people to use them will not, however, eff'ect a gen-
eral reduction in cost of telexihone service. The nu-
merous improvements on the original Bell tele-
phone, on which the jjatents will continue for sev-
eral 3’ears. make the telephone of to-day entirely
dissimilar to that of ten years ago. The attemjjt
will doubtless now be made to perfect a telephone
system without infringing on patents now con-
trolled b3’ the Bell Company, but it will ])rove a dif-
ficult task. The fact that they intend to guard
what the3’ assume to be their rights and resist any
atteingit at successful rivalr3’ is evidenced bv the
])ublication of warning- on their part, in which the
decision of the Suj)reme Court is cited.

Thprk is much logic in the arg'-ument that the
g’reat reduction in ])rices of raw materials as well as
manufactured articles from 188(1 to 1893, is due
largely if not principally to the work of the Ameri-
can and foreign inventor. As the Chicago Tribune
recently put it. the lowering of prices is the work

of the man whose bus3' brain is studying eter-
nalU’ how one man can be enabled to do the work
of two, or four, or five or ten, b3’ means of a ma-
chine driven by steam power. Prof. Thurston of
Cornell Universit3’ also makes a startling compari-
son between the past and the present when he says
that now one Dakota farmer, reinforced b3’ the
])ower of horses and steam, supplemented b3’ the
invention of the reaping machine, jiroduces between
5,000 and 6,000 bushels of wheat; and this is converted
into a thousand barrels of flour 113- the labor of
another man for the period of one year; while the
labor of two other men deposits this flour on the
dock at New York. A centur3’ ago, ten j^ersons
made 48.000 pins in a da3’. Now sevent3’ machines
with three men in attendance produce 7,500,000
better pins. The intelligent mechanic in mill and
factory is all the time on the lookout for some labor-
saving device, by the aid of which he can do more in
less time with less trouble. No sooner is an idea
wrought out and embodied in a machine than man3’
men begin working on the ijroblem how it can be
imi^roved and made more effective. Few outside of
the Patent Office have the least idea of the amount of
brain power which is expended steadily on this prob-
lem of the substitution of the machine for the man.
The jjublic thinks of only a few great inventions —
th.e cotton-gin, the j30wer-loom, the lathe for turn-
ing irregular forms, the sewing- machine and the
re^l[^er and mower. It does not know of the
arm3’ of inventors, most of them obscure, who have
toiled so assiduously and eff'ectivelv that while a
hundred years ago it might be said that ever3’thing
a man used was hand-made, now there is hardl3’ an
article used by him which is not in part machine-
made. The more the machine displaces tlie man
the faster the jirice comes down.

The Invention of Tools.

Men in some countries and in some ag-es have
lived in caves. The3’ had stone hatchets and stone
hammers, but mi other tools. They were afraid of
the tawn3’ lion. The3’ were overtaken by the fleet-
footed wolf. The3’ ivere powerless in the presence
of the wild horse. They cowered before the storms
of winter, and were in all res'pects more defenceless,
destitute and forlorn than the beasts that roamed
the forests about their rock3' homes.

GradualU’ and by slow degrees those men, through
the hardships and privations of man3’ generations,
liave materialU’ chang-ed their condition. The3’ are
not afraid of the tav,’n3’ lion now. The fleet-footed
wolf is overtaken 113’ them. The wild horse does
their bidding. The3’ laug-h at the storms of -winter,
and are in all resjiects more powerful and formid-
able than tlie beasts that once roamed the forests
where now extend broad fertile fields.

What is the cause of this g-reat change? Carlysle
has descri'oed man as a “tool-using- animal.” With-
out tools he is weak, powerless. With tools, he is
master of the world.

Take awa3’ the sword and the musket and man
becomes a weak soldier. Take away the saw, the
hammer and the square and housebuilding becomes
almost im])ossible. Take awa3’ the plow and the
hoe and ag'-riculture would be impracticable. Take
awa3’ the iirinting jjress and ignorance would be
universal.

The civilized man is a “ tool-using animal,” and
the man without tools becomes a helpless barbarian.

E. L. Arnott.

False Reasoning of the Pessimist.

The Pessimist will tell 3’ou that labor-saving ma-
chinery is a curse and the cause of hard times, for
it htis made it possible for one man to do the work
that was done by ten men before the present inven-
tive ag-e set in.

The fallac3’ of his argument lies in the fact that
there has been an infinite improvement in t'ne
moral, social and jjhysical conditions of the work-
people throug-hout the whole circle of Christendom
since the introduction of steam, electricit3’ and the
thousand-fold mechanical imjirovements of the last
centur3' than was percejjtible prior to that epoch in
human histor3’. The jDeasant of today can com-

mand mure comforts than the prince of 1794. He
can procure more wholesome food, live in more
healthful quarters, travel faster, communicate with
distant friends more quickUq has better artificial
lig'ht, cheaper fuel and easy access to a more com-
prehensive knowledg-e of home and foreig-n affairs
than the most powerful king could have commanded
one hundred years ago.

The building of railways, operating them when
built; the construction of telegraph and telephone
lines, operating them when constructed; the manu-
facture of labor-saving machinery itself, have all
tended to create new, wider and better fields for the
laboring man and at the same time to supply him
with more leisure, better pay and more progressive
ideas than he ever enjoyed in the old fogy times
that the Pessimist is so prone to extol. He may tell
3’ou that the times were never harder than at
present. Therein he shows his ignorance of his-
tory. Times were always hard with the poor in the
old days. No matter how hard they drudged the
masses of the old world and the new were unable to
command more than a hand-to-mouth living. They
were slaves. Men, women and children were all
bond-slaves to work. When hunger came, and the
hearth was fireless, and their clothes were ragged;
in seasons of drought, destructive freshets, plagues,
war and other calamities there were no great char-
itable organizations to help them tide over such
hideous periods until work revived and they could
return to the old grind, grind, grind of a labor that
in the best of times barely kept them out of the
poorhouse or out of the more generous grave.

But let the Pessimist weep water and lift his jere-
miads forever, it will make no difference in the in-
evitable outcome of events. Inventors will continue
to invent, the world will continue to bless their
achievements and the Pessimist will continue to
adopt to the new order of things, even while kicking
at it with his most vicious and vigorous kick.

Wii.i, Hubbard Kern.an.

Recent Patent Decisions.

In the case of W. N. Miller et al. vs. The Eagle
Manufacturing Co., appealed from the Circuit Court
of the Southern District of Iowa, and involving
patents on wheel cultivators, the Supreme Court has
rendered an important decision, the decision having
been written bj' Justice Jackson. The law is laid
down by the learned judge that a man may antici-
pate himself ; or in other words where he has taken
out a patent which has run some time, and after-
wards seeks another patent, the second application
for a patent will be considered in the same manner
as if the first patent had been granted to another
and entireh' different person for the same invention.
In this particular case the judge said that the appli-
cant for a patent had also been anticipated by a
previous invention. The judgment of the Circuit
Court was reversed on these grounds.

Judge Shiras of the Supreme Court has rendered
a decision in the case of Henrv A. Adams vs. The
Keystone Manufacturing Co., brought fcjr infringe-
ment of a patent on a corn shelter, sustaining the
patent, but reversing the judgment rendered b3' the
Circuit Court of S27,000 on the ground that the court
below had permitted a lot of irrelevant and incompe-
tent testimonv to be introduced, and directed in re-
versing the decision of the lower court that judg-
ment be entered for nominal damages onlju

Chief Justice Fuller rendered the decision of the
Supreme Court, sustaining the judgment of the Cir-
cuit Court for the district of Connecticut in the case
wherein John F. Wolleusak was plaintiff, for an in-
fringement on an improved transom lifter, deciding
that Sargent & Co., of New Haven, Conn., were not
infringers, because the patent of Wollensak was
void.

The Dentler Cement.

The Dentler Cement is a new hydraulic cement
made out of limestone, found everj'where in this
countr\'. It is watertight, hardens quicklj- in the
open air, of the same specific gravitv and color
as Portland cement and can be used for the same
purposes as the best Portland cement.

THE INVENTIVE AQE.

inPORTANT CONVENTION.

Third Annual fleeting of the American Associa=
tion of Inventors and Manufacturers.

The third annual meeting of the American Asso-
ciation of Inventors and Manufacturers, which w;is
held in thiscit^' January 16tli and 17th, was an event
of more than ordinary- importance. It brought to-
gether some of the brightest minds in the inventive
world, and was verj’ generallj" attended by those
taking an interest in inventions and matters con-
nected with the United States Patent Office. This
Association was organized in 1891, during the cele-
bration of the Patent Centennial, and each j^ear has
added to its membership, and each annual meeting
has evidenced increased interest in the worthj- ob-
jects and aims of the organization, which are ‘‘to
promote the progressof science and useful arts;” the
diffusion of practical, scientific and legal informa-
tion respecting inventions; the encouragement of
favorable and discouragement of unfavorable laws
respecting propertj' in patents ; the co-operation of
foreign inventors for reciprocal regulations under
foreign patent sj'stems, and the proper, just and ade-
quate protection of the rights of American inventors
authorized bj' the Constitutioii of the United States.

The business sessions were held in the rooms of
the Board of Trade, and a public meeting was held

on the evening of the 16th in the Builders' Exchange
Hall at which the formal papers were read and dis-
cussed. Among the members in attendance were
Dr. R. J. Gatling, Hartford : J. C. Anderson.
Prof. J. E. Watkins, E. E. Bond, Chicago; E. W.
Serrell, Thomas Ewing, Jr., Walter S. Eogan, Rich-
ard H. Gatling, Robert P. Porter. New York City;
Thos. N. EU', G. S. Clark, Philadelphia; John V.
Rice, Oberlin Smith, Bridgeton. N. J. : Arthur
Steuart, Baltimore ; Prof. CA-rus F. Brackett, Prince-
ton, N. J. ; F. E. Sickels, Kansas City, Mo. ; Gardi-
ner G. Hubbard. Win. C. Dodge, J. E. Atkins. Mar-
vin C. Stone. Geo. C. Ma^'nard, Emile Berliner. W.
F. Roberts, A. W. Van Dorsten. W. E. Woodbridge,
R. G. DuBois, J. R. Dowell, Marshall H. Jewell,.
Alex. S. Capehart, F. A. Seelj-, B. H. Warner, of this
city, and others from various parts of the country.

Secretary' Anderson, on behalf of the Board of
Trade, tendered the Association a cordial welcome
to the city and the free use of all the facilities of
the Board for the transaction of its business.

In the business session Mr. Gardiner G. Hubbard.
Chairman of the Committee on the World’s Colum-
bian Exposition, made a report of the work of his
Committee and the verj^ successful results attained,
and Arthur Steuart, who was the Association’s
special representative at the Congress of Patents
and Trade-Marks at Chicago, presented an exceed-
ing!}' well written and interesting report of the pro-
ceedings on that occasion.

The Committee on Eegislation, of which W. C.
Dodge, of Washington, is Chairman, submitted a
report showing what bills relating to patents are
pending in Congress, and explained the action of
the Committee in regard to them. During the pres-
ent session of Congress fourteen patent bills have

U>

been introduced, two of them of tlie mo.st radical
character. Gne of these proposes to change the life-
time (jf a i)atent from seventeen to seven ye;irs. and
the other jirovides that the government shall Inive
the right to cancel any patent upon ];avment to th<-
inventor or owner of not less than S2.s.()o<i nor nu.re
than $100. 009. The Association opposes th>-se bills
and their passage is not jirobable. .\s a gener.al
thing the Association approves measures rei.ami-
mended by the Commissioner <jf Patents and co-oper-
ates with him, but in some instances there has been
strong opposition to amendments originating in the
Patent Office. East year Commissioner Simonds
made a strong effort to secure the enactment of ;i
law requiring applicants to pay ;Ln extra fee of clO
on every appeal from an examiner t<j the Commis-
sioner. The Association did not deem this a just
tax on inventors and used every fair means to pre-
vent the passage of the amendment.

The pending- House bill. No. 5014, contains some
amendments to the Patent Eaw prepared by the As-
sociation after conference with the Chicag-(j Patent
Bar Association and other interested parties thrrjugh-
ont the country and its passage is urg-ed by the Asso-
ciation.

Mr. Dodge’s committee is to have a hearing before
the House Committee on Patents to explain the
amendments and the reason for their adoption. The
important sections of the bill are the following :

“No person shall be debarred from receiving a
patent for his inv'ention or discovery, nor shall any
patent be declared invalid by reason of its having
been patented, or cause to be patented in a foreign
country less than two years prior to the application
for a patent on the same invention in this country ;
but every such patent hereafter granted shall l,e
limited in duration to the term of seventeen years
from the time when the earliest foreigri patent com-
mences to run.”

“That section forty-nine hundred and twenty-one
of the Revised Statutes be, and the same is hereby,
amended by adding thereto the following clauses ;
But hereafter, whenever a patent is alleged to be
infring-ed, the patentee or his representatives shall
seek his remedy by bring-ing suit in the first instance
against the manufacturer or vender of the article
alleg-ed to infringe said patent, and shall in no case
bring suit against any individual who shall have
purchased, in good faith, an article of a regular
dealer in the open market for his own use until the
patent has been sustained by a decree of the court
where such suit is brought ; Provided, That such
individual purchaser shall give to said patentee or
his representative, at his request, the name and res-
idence of the party from whom said article was pur-
chased ; and where the damag-e so claimed is less
than fifty dollars the plaintiff shall pay the costs of
suit of both the defendant and plaintiff' ; and pro-
vided also, that this e.xemption from liaoility of the
individual purchaser shall not apply to any corpora-
tion, firm or company, nor to any corporation or
party as t<,i any patented machine or process made
or used by them for the manufacture o"! an article or
product for sale. Actions at law or suits in equity
for infringements of patent rig-fits may be brought
in the district where the infringement occurs,
Avhether the defendant or defendants be domiciled
therein or in some other district : and where an
infringement is begun in one district and com])leted
in another, or is partly in one district and partly in
another, the plaintiff or complainant may bring his
action or suit in either district at his 0]3tion.”

The Association adopted a resolution offered by
Mr. Berliner directing that measures be taken to
secure the active co-operation of scientific and tech-
nical societies throughout the ITnited States.

( )n motion of IMr. Serrell the following resolution
was adopted :

Resolved . That the thanks of this Association
are due and tendered to the Committee of the World’s
Coi-ig'-ress (.>n Patent and Trade-Mark Congress for
their co-operation in advancing the interests of the
patent system, and for their interest in the rights of
invent(3rs and manufacturers in patents and trade-
marks.

A letter from Ephriam Banning asking the aid t)f
the Association in securing- subscribers to the reports
of the Patent and Trade-Mark Congress was read
and the members of the Association were strongly
advised to secure copies of the book.

The following letter from A. S. Hallidie, of San
Francisco, an eminent engineer and the original in-
ventor of the cable railway system, was presented to
the meeting :

“ It would be of great advantage to inventors and
patentees, and to those interested, if a branch of

liO

the Patent Office could be established in this cit^', in
which all the reports and literature could be depos-
ited, and where a g'overnuient officer ci^uld receive,
receipt for and forward applications for patents and
deliver patents and dcjcunients from the Patent
<.)ffice, Washington.

The Association will recog'nize the fact that we
are about 3,301) miles from Washington, and that
patentees, inventors and others interested are en-
titled to as much consideration as is shown by the
Mint. Treasury, Post Office. Pension ( iffice, etc., of
which branches exist in this citv, and that a com-
petent man in such an office here would also tend to
facilitate the efforts of inventors and would enlarge
the usefulness of the Patent 1 )ffi 'e on the Pacific
coast."

The question of the publication of a monthly ])e-
riodical as the official organ of the .Association was
introduced, and. after full discussion, was laid over
until the next .annual meeting. It was the unani-
mous sense of the meeting that the active interest
in the purposes of the Association manifested by
jjublishers of the daily ])apers and technic.al journals,
and the wide circulation given to the jjroceedings bj-
them. kee])s the organization closely in touch with
the public and renders the ])ublication of an oflicial
organ unnecessary at ]jresent.

The Kxecutive Council was instructed to prepare
for publication the proceedings of this meeting
and the jjapers which have been received in book
form for the use of member..^ and others.

I'KlvSI liK.XT C.ATI.INC.'S ADDKI'.SS.

( )n the evening of the loth President (latling
read the following carefully prep.ared address show-
ing the ])rogress of the Association during the ji.ast
year, and containing much information of great
value to all persons interested in inventions and to
the general public ;

(li',.\Ti,i..MKN OF ini'; .Association: History fur-
nislies no e.xample of any n.ation that has increased
in ]''0])ulation and metari.il
wealth, or achieved so much
in thi.’ arts and sciences within
so brief a period of national
life, as has tl'.e Cnited States.

Some of the causes of tliis as-
tonishing progress are as fol-
lows :

First. The energy and in-
ventive genius of tlie people
insi'dred by our ipatent laws,
which have lead to thousands
of inventions embodied in
machinery, driven by steam,
water and electric power,
that do the work of willing
and delicate hands, and which
have contributed so largely to
the comfort, happiness and welfare of the ])eo])le.

Seci ind. The superabu nda nee id' natural resources,
such as fertile s<nl, mineral wealth, rivers, lakes
and harbors with outlets to two oceans.

Third. The union of the states cemented in love
and mutual interest liv a written constitution formed
bv our wise forefathers which defines and limits the
power of the nation. il and state governments, and
guarantees to the people the right and benefit of self
government. Under these ins])iring and benigm
influences this country has jirospered and increased
in wealth, ])ower and national prestige relatively far
beyond any other nation, as is evidenced by the fol-
lowing statistics:

In ISHO. the aggregate ^vea!th was ?43.()42,il()n,{|(i(l.
while the interest bearing public debt of the United
States amounted to ^51.723,‘)b3,lh(l. and the annual
interest charg'e to f-To.iiaA.b.Sl . while in bShO it
amounted to but S72.S, 313,110 and the interest charges
to butS20,417,()()3 - being' a reduction of the total debt
of almost SI. 000, 000, 000 in ten years, or an average
liquidation of the debt of 100.000,000 a year. In
1880 there were 020 saving- banks holding total de-
posits amounting' to $801.01,1,142, while in IHOo the
number of these banks had increased to 1.011. and
the amount of deposits to Sl.().s4,820,142. In 1.880 the
capital invested in manufacturing' amounted to
$1,232,830,070. and ten ye.ars later to $2.000,73,3, ,844.
the value of their ])roducts increasing during' this
period from S2. 711. ,370.000 to $4,800,280,837, while the
wages to empl(.)yes increased from $,301,00.3.778 to
$1,221,170,454, or nujre than two fold. The average
value of the yield of farm jinxlucts also increased
from about $3,47.3,000,000 in 1880 to $4. 500, 000. 000 in
1890. In 1880 the iiroduct of pig''-iron in the United
State.s aggre.gated 3,83.3,191 tons annually, while in
1890 this agg'regtite had increased to 9,2(i2,703 tons,
or in other words the production had almost trebled.

In 1880 the total mileage of railways in the United
State.s was 92.269 miles, while in 1890 it had increased
to 166,702 miles, while th.e number of locomotives in
service increased from 20. lit) to 31.812. The num-

'I'H.tv INVKNTIVE AGK.

her of passenger cars from 14,548 to 21,664, and the
number of freight and baggage cars from 653,275 to
1,069,205. In 1880 there were 233,534 miles of tele-
graph wire or lines extending over the ojuntry,
while in 1890 the distance covered had been increased
to 678.999 miles, and the monej’ received for mes-
sag-es sent over these lines increased from $12,782,895
in'the former year to $22,387,029 in the latter.

The above statistics I used in a paper I read be-
fore the World’s Patent and Trade-Mark Congress
which convened in Chicago in ( )ctober last. I ([note
them to show the marvelous increase of wealth and
business that have taken place -within a decade.
There are no data to sh<,)W l;ow milch of this immense
increase of wealth and business is due to patented
inventions; but it is reasonable to suppose that at
least one half has been yiroduced by new inventions.
At least such inventions have been the main spring
of prog-ress. The discovery of the g'old and silver
mines of California, and in the new states and ter-
ritories. it is true has contributed to the nation's
wealth .'ind business. Another means of producing-
the result mentioned grows out of the fact that the
]3eo])le hav-e learned to produce most of the .g-oods
and necessaries of life used in this country, which
renders them independent of foreign nations. In-
ventions have been the means of lowering the jirice
of all kinds of manufactured lu'oducts. In 1883 im-
ported wire nails cost the American consumer $10 a
keg-. Today he buys a better quality of wire nails
of domestic make for $1.9(1 a keg. In 1883 Americans
paid $68 per ton for English wire rods. Today- do-
mestic wire rods of superior quality cost $30 per ton.
Ten years ago the American farmer paid ten cents
a ]iound for barb wire for fences: now he gets the
same for 2 '4 cents per pound.

AA’ho can estimate the wealth and changes that
haye been produced and the comforts that have been
broug-ht to the iieople liy the invention of the steam
en.g-ine. the s|)inning "jenny.’' the power-loom, cot-
ton-gin, locomotives and railways, the steamship,
the sewing- machine, the modern plow, mowingmia-
chine, the harvester and automatic binder, the
threshing- machine, vulcanized rubber, the perfected
printing press, the tele.g'raph. t’ne telephone, the
electric lig-ht. water wheel, pumijs. lamps, compass,
tanning-, gun powder, fire arms, paper, power knit-
ting- machinery, .grist, planing- and saw mills, clocks
and watches, telescopes, artificial heating apparatus,
musical instruments, and hundreds of other inven-
tions which have cc-)ntributed so largely- to the pros-
jjerity and yvelfare of mankind. Sey-enty years ago
there yvas not a steam railyyav in the yy-orld. The
first railyvay- constructed in the Ilnited States, in
1820, had longitudinal rails made of yvood iqion yy-hich
were sjiiked Hat bars of iron not unlike that used on
yvag-on tires. These strijis of iron often became
detached from the yvooden rails and formed what
yvere called "snake heads,’’ yy-hich not infrequently
passed upyyards through the bottom of the car and
killed passengers in their seats. It is needless to
point out the many- and y-ast iinjirovements in rail-
yvavs and raihy-ay a])i>liances that liay-e been made
ami ])atented since the above jieriod. The first
locomotive used had loyv yvheels and yveig-hed only a
feyy tons, and could only drayy- one or tyvo li;4ht jias-
senger cars, and yvas a mere toy as conqiared to those
noyy- in use. Not only- h.ay-e locomotiy-es and iiassen-
ger cars been improved by the g-enius of man, but the
means of making- railyvays and railyvay rails hay-e
been immensely imiiroved and cheajiened by neyv
iny-entions. Years ag-o railyvay rails yvere made of
iron formed betyveen rolls, and giant men yvere em-
ploy-ed yvith tong's to insert the iron betyveen the rolls
ami ])ull it from the same ; Vnit noyv this is all
changed, for automatic machinery has been devised
to handle and manipulate the steel ing-ots. and
rails can be made almost as fast as one can count.
These imin'oy-ements hay-e been so g-reat as to enable
the production of steel rails of the y-ery best quality
to be bought at the ])rice of $3() or less a ton : yvhile
the rails formerly made by the old method cost from
$109 to $15(1 ]ier ton.

Not only- has iny-ention contributed to the improy-e-
ment in railyvays. but to ey-erything else, and is the
saly-ation of all industries.. Ily theaid of iny-entions
such as moyvers, reajiers, tlireshers, etc., farmers are
enabled to increase their -products yvith far less labor
than atany other iieriod. Manu facturers of all kinds
are enabled, by the use of modern iny-entions, to say-e
manual labor and increase and cheapen their pro-
ducts. It is estimated by men best informed on the
subject that eig-ht thirteenths of the yy-orld’s yvealth
is produced by brains tliat is. by neyv inventions
.'imlthe skill and foresight iny-oly-ed in general man-
ag'ement. yvhile manual lalior produces only about tiy-e
thirteenths. Thus is seen the yvomlerful result that
folloyvs from iny-ention. Some are so foolish as to
believe that labor say-ing machinery results in injury-
to the masses of the laboring peojile : such persons
are short-sig-hted and fail to take a comprehensive
y-ieyy- of the subject. It takes an area of ■ one square
mile to su])])ort one say-age yvho has no tools or ma-
chinery to aid him in his lab(.)r; if tyvo say-ages yy-ere to
attempt to occupy the one mile of territory- (neither
hay-ing any tools or machinery), one yvhould hay-e to
starve or be forced from necessity to kill the other.

Wit’n the abundance of tools and machinery- now in
general use. it is possible for two or three hundred
persons to liy-e on a square mile comfortably. Surely
all yvhoyy-ish the human race to prosper should be in
favor of the greatest possible increase of inventions
yy-hich hay-e done and still are doing so much for the
good of the human race. The yvisest of men have
learned to appreciate iny-entions. Lord Bacon says ;
"The introduction of neyv iny-entions seemeth to be
the y-ery chief of all human actions.’’ AVilliam H.
Seyvard said : " The exercise of the iny-entive faculty
is the nearest akin to that of the Creator of any fac-
ulty possessed by- the human mind." Senatcu" John
W. Daniel, of Virginia, lias said: “The yvorld has
g-royy-n yy-ise enough to knoyv that yvith ey-ery- neyv in-
y-ention that say-es labor, luxury- is laid at the feet of
the toiler, and, skillful hands and brains are reliey-ed
from menial tasks for others more exalted.”

Iny-entions hay-e promoted and increased all kinds
of Imsiness, not only- in manufacturing industries
and in mining resources, but in farming, transpor-
tation. etc., etc. The cotton-gin has made the South
the greatest cotton producing country in the yvorld.
The iny-ention of reapers, moyvers and threshing-
machines have immensely increased farm products,
and have made the United States the greatest grain-
groyying country on this planet. The invention of
the steam engine and railyvay hay-e opened up
abundant and cheap transportation in all parts of
this country. A man can noyy- cross this continent
by- rail as easily and quickly- as he could hay-e form-
erly traveled a feyy- hundred miles by the old stage
coach ; and by fast ocean steamers, propelled by
triple comjiound engines, the ocean is made a ferry,
as it yvere. to cross. The steamboat tonage on our
numerous riy-ers and great lakes exceeds that pos-
sessed by most nations. No layvs ever ipassed by
Uon.gress liay-e d</nc. perhajis, so much to promote
and develop industrial progress as our patent layvs.
More patents ;ire taken out annually- in tlie United
States than in all (,ther countries combined. (Dur
patent system has not only proved a blessing to the
jieople. but is something- tliat the nation should
take ]iride in. No other building- of its kind equals
the I^atent ( >ffice. which yvas erected expressly for
patent business, and it should be preserved and used
for no other purpose than that for yvhich it yvas
desig-ned. < lur patent layvs
need amending in certain res-
])ects, and it is to be hoped
that Uongress yy-ill, at its pres-
ent session, pass some acts
that yy-ill iiiqiroy-e our patent
system, and that will give re-
lief to the present croyvded
condition of the Patent Office.
The health of some six Irun-
dred hig'hly intelligent men
and women, who make up its
yvorking force, is noyy endan-
gered by being- croyvded in
the badly ventilated rooms in
ilie basement of the building-.
Is it not a shame that such a
state of affairs should exist?

It giy-es me pleasure to be able to state that the
membership of the American Association of Inven-
tors and Manufacturers has increased during the
past year, ;nid it is confidently beliey-ed that its
labors and inlluence yvill result in great g-ood to the
country-. Great credit is due to the members of the
E.xecutive Committee, and to Mr. George C. May--
nard. tlie yvorthy Secretary- of the Association, who
hay-e giy-en so much of their time and attention to
buildin.g up the Association and jiromoting its wor-
thy objects.

Tyy-o very iiipjortant ey-ents have occurred during
the ])ast y-ear. ( )ne yvas the World’s Columbian Ex-
l>osition, yvhich may justly be regarded as the most
artistic and the g-randest disjilay ever seen, of hu-
man skill, poyver, g-enius and handiyyork. The other
yvas the World’s I’atent and Trade-Mark Congress,
yy-hich cony-ened in Chicag-o in Getober last, and
yvhich yvas attended I)y- iny-entors and men of science
from all parts of the yvorld. During the Congress
some forty ]>a])er.s yvere read treating of inventions,
patents, trade-marks, and on various subjects apper-
taining to the arts and sciences. These addresses
are to be printed in book form and will make a val-
uable y-olume for future reference.

In retiring- from the Presidency' of the Association,
I yy-ish to return my sincere thanks to its members
for the honor they hay-e conferred in electing me for
their President for the past three years. I earnestly
hope the Association may continue to prosper, and
that its inlluence may be felt for good for genera-
tions to come.

The other papers read before the Association at
this meeting--, and yvhich yvill appear in full in this or
subsequent issues of the lN'\'ENTiy-K Agk, were as
folloyvs ;

" Needed Modifications of Our Patent Laws,” by
Walter S. Logan.

“The Right of Property in an Idea,” by Allen
Ripley Foote.

"The Patent Office,” by Thomas Eivitig, Jr.

M. H. yVAKNKR.

THE INVENTIVE AQE

1.M

“Interference Proceedings in the Patent Office,”
by L. W. Serrell.

“Proposed Repeal of tb.e Caveat Law,” by P. A.
Seeh’.

“ Sug-g-esticnis for Improvements in the Personnel
of the Officers of the United States Patent Office.”
by Arthur Steuart.

“ Reg-arding Interference,” by J. C. Uowell.

“Procedure in Ptitent Cases,” by Richard H. Oat-
ling.

“The Material Influence of the Patent System
upon tl:e Farmer and his Duty to Uphold It,” by
Jno. M. Fairfield.

“The Relations of Financial Investments to Pat-
ent Rights,” by B. H. Warner.

“A Suggested Reform in Patent Practice Con-
cerning the Question of 'Invention.'” by Chas. M.
Higgins.

Reports of the Secretary- and Treasury- showed a
decided increase in the membership of the Associa-
tion and a very favorable condition of its financial
affairs. Secretarj- Maynard has directed the affairs
of his office with marked ability, and the members
of the Association expressed unqualified approval.

Some of the prominent men who have recently
joined the Association are ; Ex-Secretary of the In-
terior. Joh.n W. Noble: Judge L. L. Bond, of
Chicago: Ephriam Banning', Cliairman of the
World's Columbian Congresses : Lev, 'is Miller, a
large manufacturer in Ohio and the father-in-law of
Edison : Nikola Tesla, the electrical inventor : C. W.
Seamans, President of the Remington Typewriter
Co.; Col. F. A. Seely and Judge Walter Johnson of
the Patent Office, and Sylvanus D. Locke, manufact-
urer of h.arvesters, Hoosick Falls N. Y.

NKW OFFICKK.S.

President, R. J. Gatling, Hartford, Conn. : First
Vice-President, Gardiner G. Hubbard, Washington,
D. C. : Second Vice-President, Geo. Harding. Phila-
delphia, Pa. : Third Vice-President, J. C. Ander.son.
Chicago, 111. : Fourth Vice-President, B. H. Warner.
Washington, D. C. ; Secretary and Treasurer. Geo.

C. Maynard, Washington. D. C.

Directors: F. A. Seel}’, Washington, D. C. : F. A.
Pratt, Hartford, Conn. ; R. S. Munger. Birmingham,
Ala. : Marvin C. Stone, Washington, D. C. : Artliur
Steuart. Baltimore, Md. ; Albert A. Pope, Boston.
Mass. : L. W. Serrell, New York City : John V. Rice.
Jr., Edgewater Park, N. J. : W W. Willits, Chicago.

Of the directors only Messrs. Seely. Pratt and
Munger were elected at this meeting, the term of
the other members not having expired.

NEW MEMKEKS.

The following are some of the recent accessions to
the Association :

Eug’ene L. Arnott, Patent Solicitor. Greenfield. Hiirlilaiid Co..
Ohio.

Joseph E. Atkins. Patent Eawver, 930 F Street, Washington.

D. C.

W ni. C. Baker, Car Heating'-, 143 Liberty Street, New York City.

Wm. J. Banipfield, General Mana^rer Pennsylvania Telephone
Co., Harrisburj^r, Pa.

Ephriam Banning*. Attorney and Counselor-at-Law, 22S Dear-
born Street. Chicago. 111.

Henry Bentley, Electrical Eng-ineer, cor. Walnut and Morton
Streets, Ciermantown, Philadelphia, Pa.

L. L. Bond, Attorney and Cou nselor-at-Law. 1147 Monadnock
Building-. Chicag-o, 111.

Jas. A. Bonsack, 1336 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. Pa.

Alex. S. Capehart. Editor ** Inventive Ag-e," Washing-ton, D. C.

F. J. Clamer, Metallurgist. 4(> to 52 Richmond Street, I^hiladel-
phia. Pa.

G. S. Clark, Superintendent Fidelity Insurance Trust and Safe
Deposit Co., 325, 331 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. Pa.

Asa S. Cook, Manufacturer, Hartford, Conn.

John F. Corker, Patent Attorney, 251 South Main Street, Salt
Lake City. Utah.

J. C. Cushman. Secretary Ander.son Brick Co.. 1015 The Rook-
ery, Chicago, 111.

F. Ecaubert, Machinist. 60 Rose Street, New York Cit.v.

George F. Eisenhardt. Meclianical Engineer. 13(X) Howard
Street. Philadelphia, Pa.

A. French, A. French Spring Co., Pittsburg, Pa.

Richard Henry Gatling, Connselor-at-Law, 229 Broadway, New
York City.

B. B. Hill. Manufacturer. 1020 New Market Street. Philadel-
phia, Pa.

Herman Hollerith, Tabulatory Machines. 501 F Street, Wash-
ington, D. C.

xMarshall H. Jewell. Editor ‘T n venlive Age," Washington, J). C.

Fred B. Jones, Manufacturer Railway Supplies, 110 Ontario
Street. Chicago, 111.

Walter Johnson, Examiner (»f Interferences, U. S. Ikiteut
Office. 918 M Street, N. W.. Washington. D. C.

John F. Kingsley, Mechanic and Inventor, Athens, Pa.

Jno. Kirlev. J r.. General Manager The Dayton M an u fact u ri ng
Co.. Davton Ohio.

Geo. Lane. Electrical Engineer, Asbury Park. N. .1.

Svlvanus D. Locke, Manufacturer Autiunatic Binding Har-
vesters, Hoosick Falls. N. Y.

Thos. 1). Lockwood, Advisory Electrician Anieriacn Bell Tele-
phone Co., 125 Milk Street, Boston. Mass.

Wm. McClave, Manufacturer of Grates and Blowers for Boiler
Furnaces, 301 Seventh Street. Scranton. Pa.

Lewis Miller. Manufacturer. Akr<)ii, Ohio.

D. K. Miller, Mechanical Engineer, 420 Library Street, Phila-
delphia. Pa.

John W. Noble, Ex-Secretary of the Interior, Rialto Building-.
St. Louis, Mo,

Alonzo W. Paige, Paige Iron Works, 26 Ontario Street. Chicago.

Frederick J. Patters(*n. (General Manager American Promo-
tion Co.. 449 The Rookery, Chicago. 111.

Robert P. Porter, care N. Y. Daily Press. New York City.

C. W. Raymond, Manufacturer Cla^* Working Machinery.
Davton. Ohio.

C. W. Seamans, President Union Typewriter Co.. 12o7 Pacific
Street. Brooklyn, N. Y.

Col. F. A. Seelv, Examiner U. S. Patent Office, Washington.

D. C.

William John Smith, Mechanical Eng-ineer, cor. Sixth and
Arch Streets, Philadelphia. Pa.

B. H. Warner, President Washington Loan and TrustCo.. and
President Board of Trade, Washington, D. C.

EVOLUTION OF THE RAILWAY.

Something About the Wonderful Exhibit Hade by
the Baltimore & Ohio at the World’s Fair.

The average visitor to the World's Fair as he
passed through the golden doorway of tlie great
Transportation Building was amazed at the bewil-
dering display offered to his eyes of the latest
achievements in the line of railways and steani-
ships, blit it remained for a great railroad corpora-
tion, whose lines span half the continent, to present
a display so unique, so exhaustive in its comprehen-
siveness, so interesting and instructive that one
wondered that any single organization would take
so much pains to collate such a mass of historical
pictures and object lessons. Never was there a col-
lection so full of general interest.

The steam locomotive is not of sucli ra.re antiquity
that its origin and growtli cannot be traced. Men
who are alive today have seen the first locomotive
engine making its experimental journey and re-
member the doubtful shakes of the head that greeted
its introduction as a factor of commerce, and al-
though knowing that it was a practical albeit a
difficult undertaking to bring together in one collec-
tion the exhibit of tb.e steps that led up to theYom-

old-fashioned irmi kettle turned Ixittnm up 'm a
cart than an engine of the jirexent d.av. There was
;i steam wagon of 17bb-71. :i three-wlu-eh-fl rngine of
1784. and :i fiat car built ;iccording to a an idea
of proiiulsion on hind by steam in 17bo. Tie- "Tre-
vithick.” an idea of IMUn, w;is put int" a .rkin;;

model and showed what the engine -yvonld li.'ive
looked like, and there was also a full working model
of the ” Trevithick” of 180.1-4. w'nieli wa-- a p;irt of
the first railroad train in tlie world. There was ;i
practical and serviceable engine of 1812 known as
the ” Blankensop.” and the " B’-unton” of Islh
Next was the Headly model of lsl2. coustnieted to
demonstrate the fact that a smooth wiieel e,,uld b.,-
operated on a smooth track, built to be operated by .i
crank, but sufficient to demonstrate the iirincijile
when the "Puffing Bill" of 1813 w;i.~ built: the
“ Blucher,” the first designed and built by George
Stephenson: also Stephenson models of 1828 ;ind
1829 and of the "Howard” of 1829. the first p.'itented
engine. ” The Rocket” and the " Sans Parcel” of
1829 by Stevenson were also shown, but of greatest
interest was ” The Strowbridge Eion.” bv Steph.en-
son in 1829, being the first locomotive ever seen in
America. The "Tom Thumb" of 1829-30, carrying
water in a barrel and wood in a box. said to be the
first to draw an engine on the American continent
making tliirteen miles in 1
hour and 12 minutes. August
28, 1830. between B.’iltimorc
and Ellicott City. Tiiere
were also models <,•! the ••Mer-
cury.” "The Best Friend.”
“The George 3V. Johnsf}!!.”
the "York.'' the "Costelii.”
the "Child." the "James.”
and the remodeled "York” of
1830-31. Tile latter actually
drew fourteen tons five miles
in one hour together with
four cars. Then there was
the "Atlantic.” of 1832. the
first known “grasshopper,”
which had seen sixty years'
service, the “Old Ironsides,''
and the "South Carolina” of
the same year, various other
engines of 1832. and other
dates in the thirties ;ind for-
ties, including the "I^afiiv-
ette." the "Hercules.” the
‘‘Sandusky.” the "Rocket.”
the "Sa-mpson.'' the "Cam]i-
bell." the "Albion.” the "Jef-
ferson,” the "Trader.” the
"Buttalo.” the "James.” tlie
■■Experiment." the "Mount Clare.” which was the
first designed and built for the B. A ( >. The
“Sam])son.'' built in 1838. was in iise for forty-five
years. The “Camel” of 1837 was shown as the first
type of the American standard engine. Tlie
“Trader” of 1823 was used sixty years as ;i switch-
ing engine. The Mason of 1853 was the first ex-
ample of the Mason and the nearest approach to the
modern engine. The “Pej'per Sauce" was the first
mountain-climbing engine in the world and was
built in 1863. and the same year the "Perkins.”
which was the first heavy ten-wheel engine. In
1876 tlie '■6()l'l,'' being the first m..gul. was .--hown at
the centennial by the B. A G.. and ;it the recent
Columbian Exposition was .shown the "Director
General.” a great triumph, in the art of rail-
road enginery.

All of tlie engines mentioned were either shown
in their own proper character or in fiiil-sized work-
ing models, even the ideas of the early inventors
having been given expression. They were ar-
ranged so as to -show the evolution of railroading in
every feature in its strongest and best light, and
teach lessons well worth studying or contemplating
by anyone of a thoughtful or mechanical turn of
mind. It was fitting that the Baltimore A Ohio,
the fir.st in railroad construction in America, should
be permitted to so fully illustrate the birth, growth
and mature life of "The World's Railway” at the
world's greatest Exposition.

AN OLD TIME LOCOMOTIVE.

plete engine of the ])resent. tlie Baltimore and ( ihio
Railroad Company conceived the idea of reproducing
the various types of the forerunners of the modern
iron-horse. Undeterred by failure or the prospect
of enormous expense they pressed steadily on. en-
larging the scope of their exhibit so as to include
the development of steam carriages of all kinds in
all countries, thus entailing researches of the most
exhaustive character. In many instances the origi-
nal locomotives were obtained, and when not ob-
tainable wooden models, exact reproductions, were
built and hundreds of accurately executed sketches
of the first crude attempts were made and placed in
chronological order along the walls of the space
allotted to the company. Quaint and curious de-
vices were the outcome of these early inventions
and their appearance on the streets today would ex-
cite laiigliter and ridicule; 'out they show how the
mind of man was working out the important prob-
lem of steam road navigation.

In all its details the exhibit of the panoraimi of
railroading was a most unique affair and one of the
most instructive on the grounds. There was exhib-
ited a section of the military road built by Caisar
shown in connection with the perfect railroad tracks
of today, by means of which thousands of troops
could quickly be moved from one part of the coun-
try to another. Isaac Newton's first idea of the
steam engine was produced in working models. It
dates back to 1680, and the result is more like an

XMH INVENTIVE AGE-

THE COLUMBSAN EXPOSITION.

Reports of President Palmer and Executi> e Com =
mittee on Awards===Medal and Diploma.

Several persons insist on havinjf first proposed
that the American jieople fittingly commemorate
the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of
this continent by Christojiher Columbus, but. as
there is no tribunal vested witli authority to ad-
judicate the claims of these individuals, originality
of conce]ition, as applied t<.) the great Columliian
Exptisition, which was tiie outgrowth of this first
thoug-ht, may never be bestowed upon any particu-
lar individual. The g’reat exhibition \vas held, and
its grandeur, its glories, its instructive features,
and its imjjress will live on forever as a fitting
memento to the enterprise, stability and patriotism
of nineteenth century .Americanism in g-ener;il. and
in particular to those individuals who so success-
fullv carried it to a jierfect comjiletion in every de-
tail. The Fair itself now belongs to history, and it
only remains for those in authority to correctly re-
cord its wonderful achieyements and yaluable teach-
ings.

Very soon after the g'utes of th.e F.iir closed the
Administration building- was deserted and the differ-
ent departments of administration took up their
headipiarters in the city of Chicag-o. e.xcept the
Bureau of .Awards, To facilitate the issuance of
the medals and dijilomas, which is a feature of the
exhibition placed under direct cluirge of the Secre-
tary of the Treasury, the Bureau of Awards, with
its imjxirtant rec(.)rds. was tra.nsferred to this city,
and is m.w located in the Pacific building, on F be-
tween hth and 7th streets. This bureau is now in
a iiKjst complete and thoroughly organized condi-
tion. Being segreg-ated as it is, and as it was not
at the Fair, fr(jm daily yisits of thotisands of per-
sons interested in awards, the attacb.es accomplish
actual results and are not compelled to g-ive uj) val-
uable time to answering inquiries. The work of de-
tail is progressing raj)idly and satisfactorily, and
from present indications it will lujt l;e uian^' months
until jirize-winners will have received their medals
and di]fiomas, and this department of the great e.x-
hibition passed out of existance. .As much cannot
be said for either the Centenni;il or Paris e.xhibi-
tions. It is said the latter is still bestowing awards
on exhibitors.

It has begun to dawn u])on a very large numljer
of persons who secured awards .at the World's Fair
that the acts of Pfjngress and the World’s Cohim-
bian Commission, carrying- out the Tjruvisions of
these acts, provided for and formulated a])lanunder
which awards were to be g'-iven. The ])rincipal fea-
ture of this plan v.-as th.'it this exhibition should deterT
mine and establish what progf-ress had been made in
the development of the resources of the world and
what advancement was shown along the lines of the
civilization <.)f humanit)- and the educati(.)n of maxi-
kind. .At all previous international exhibitii ms, e.x-
cept jnirtially .so at the Centennial (and carrying out
the old European idea), prize-winners were given
medals in competition, the comjjcjsition (af which
medals deternxined the grade of the award, irresjxec-
tive of what might be said ujjon the dijxloma.

The medals bestowed bj' the World's Columbian
Commission are all made of bronze, of one design,
except as to special engritving of the name of the
recipient and th.e article ujKui wh.ich the award is
given. The language of the diploma is that
-which is of value, and none of the awards were
granted from a competative standpoint. The points
of excellence in each case are specifically named bj'
the individual examining- judge, confirmed bv an
internation.-il jury, and the judge’s opinioti will ap"
pear ui)x)n the diplom aover b.is signature. Had ex-
hibitors thoroughly understood the conditions
brought about by the provisions of the acts <.)f Con-
gress and the rules laid down by- the Columbian
Commission, acting under the laws ('f C( ngress, a
somewhat dift'erent feeling- would no doulrt have
prevailed during the Fair, especially among foreign
exhibitors, when the awards were being bestowed.
It was probably not until the middle of August_

when Hon. John Boyd Thacher, chairman of the ex-
ecutive committee on awards, addressed the .-Asso-
ciatixm of American E-xhibitors, and explained to
the association the methods to be pursued in giving
awards, that th.e system was at all g-enerally under-
stood by e.xhibitors. Not all the e.xhibitors were
present to he-ar this address, and although the ad-
dress was printed in pamph.let for .n for disti-ibution,
it is quite likely not all of them read it. and as a
consexiuence it was not until about the close of the
h'air, if not later in ixmny instances, that the
])lan of making .awards was well understood or
its valuable features .'ippreciated by exhibitors g-en-
erally.

Under the system adopted and carried out one
medal is all an e.xhibitor can receive, but if his e.x-
hibits consists of different articles, clasifiedin sejia-
rate groups, he will be entitled to and will receive a
di])loma in each group, if so awarded by the judge.
There was no competition in any sense. Thejudg^es
in arriving- at tb.eir conclusions established a stan-
dard of e.xcellence, and. with this standard in view,
named the points of excellence, m>velty or merit
in each case, :ind thus gave tb.eir reasons why an
award was recommended.

.As time grows apace these awards will become
the more valuable and conseciuently be the im.re
h.ig-hly apiireciated. They will determine what has
never hitherto been attempted to establish at tlie
date of an international exhibition, and that is
what was known to exist in the various arts,
sciences and industries when the exhibiti<.m was held.
Just how valuable such information would now be had
all manufactured articles, machinery, etc., shown at
past exhibitions been fully described as to points of
excellence and novelty, can only be ajipreciated by
jiersons who h.'ive been compelled to underg-o
tedious, embarrassing and expensive investigatii.m
and research in attempting- to establish their just
rights of ownership to certain discoveries :ind in-
ventions. The system under which the aw.'irds
were made at the Fair is really only beg-inning to be
anpreciated. For all time to come the world c.'in
turn to the records of the Columbian Exposition and
the diplomas issued to those receiving awards and
learn to an absolute certainty just what was known
to exist at that time which was of interest to human-
ity .'ind was considered to be novel or new; and in
the cases of intricate and complicated machinery,
for the manufacture of almost every conceivable
article of value: means of transportation of every
kind and cliaracter: methods, machiner}', etc., for
the transmission and control of electricity: machin-
erj' and appliances for handling the crops of the
land and gathering- the products of the earth .and
sea, and find inscribed thereon, if every other trace
had been wiped out of existance, sufficient data to
rehabilite conditions as they e.xisted at the close of
the nineteenth centur}-. As much cannot be said
for anv previous international event in the history
of mankind, and it is to the credit of America and
Americans that this s3’stem was adopted and car-
ried to completion, although the foreig-ners fought
desperately to inaugurate the old European idea of
bestowing graded medals and thus leave th.e world
in utter darkness as to what was exhibited, except
what individuals may have remembered seeing, with
this source of information to go out of e.xistence
with time and memory.

In this connection it is but a truth to state that
there is probably- no individual American who h.as
been so severely critized during the past six
months as has Hon. John Boj'd Thacher, chairman
of the executive committee on iiwards. It is but
fair to this gentleman to s.ay- that in almost every
instance these criticisms have been unjust .and un-
reasonable. for the reason that Mr. Thacher, .and
every member of the executive committee on awards,
was simply- acting in an executiy-e cajjacity- — carry--
ing- out the instructions ai-id rules laid down by- the
World’s Columbian Commission, acting under au-
thority- of and in keeping yy-ith the acts of congress
creating and enqiGyvering it. During the Fair the
chairman of the executive committee on ayy-ards
gave utterance to no reply- to the onslaughts of the

press .and foreign e.xhibitors, but recently Mr.
Thacher had this to say- :

"AVlien the public press yvere accusing me of sud-
denly- appearing in Chicago with the sy-stem of
ayvards I did not think it necessary- to publicly- an-
nounce that I had for tyy-o j-ears and a half giy-en
unremitting study to this subject. When charged
with forcing upon the exhibitors the so-called
-Thacher sy-stem’ of awards. I did not think it
necessary- to state that the World’s Columbian Com-
mission. yyhicli yvas charg-ed by- congress yvit’n the
duty of making awards, had formally-, after most
mature deliberation, unanimously- adopted this very-
system on the 2-lth day- of Noy-ember, 1890, .and that
therefore I was simply- exercising not a legislative,
but .-1 ])urely- executive function. AVhen charged in
the public press yy-ith the yvant of courtesy- to the
foreign commissioners by- not adopting, at their de-
mand. the European or continental sj-stem of
ayvards. I did not think it necessary-, any- more than
by- formal communication to them, to explain that
th.e CoTigress of the United States, at yvhose invita-
tion these foreign representatives yvere yy-ith us, tind
the World's Columbi.an Commission, the agent of
congress. h.;id already- determined the sj-stem of
ayvards.

“When charged with giy-ing medals to streets and
bouley-ards. I did no think it necessarj- to say- in a
g-ener:il way- that I did not hay-e it in my- power to
giv-e .'i medal to any- bouley-ard or to any- person yvho
might walk thereon. The poyver to grant medals is
lodged not in t’ne committee on ayvards but in a
board of international judges, and I supposed the
public yyas familiar yy-ith that fact; tior did I think
it necessary- to say- that no street or boulevard ever
yyas granted a medal. When charged yy-ith giy-ing
80,000 medals yvlien the act of congress confined us
to 50,000 medals as a maximum amount, I did not
think it necessary to say- that the medals granted
yvere y-ery- far less in projjortion to the number of
exhil)itors than yvere ever g-ranted at any- World’s
Fair, and yvere less th.an half the number yve were
authorized to grant. When charged yy-ith consum-
ing all our funds and makiiig a deficit of |i200,000.
I did not think it yvas necessary to declare that this
yyas false. :ind that yve had .a balance of $100,000,
more than ample f<jr all our requirements.

“I am a beliey-er in results, and yvhen the yvorld is
jmt in possession of yvhat we have accomplished
thnyugh our department and throug-h the intelli-
gent assistance of 850 judges in marking yy-ith ab-
solute correctness the exact progress made in the
<-irts. industries, and sciences at the end of the nine-
teenth century-, I am confident there yvill be yvritten
opposite the yy-ork acci.miplished by- th.e committee
(.)n ayvards. 'All very- yvell.’

KKl’OKT OK KXTCCrTIVK COMMITTEK.

On December 13th the executive committee on
:iwards, which committee is composed of Hon. A. T.
Britton, District of Columbia; Hon. W. J. Sewell,
New Jersey-; Hon. A. B. Andreyy-s, North Carolina;
Hon. B. B. Smalley-, Vermont, and Hon. John Boyd
Thacher, chairman, Neyv York, made its report to
Hon. T. W. Palmer, jyresident of the World’s Colum-
bian Commission, yy-hich is included in the folloyving
report of President Palmer to President Cleveland :

To THE President : —On belialf of the World’s
Columbi.an Commission I have the honor to submit
the folloyy-ing report.

The AVorld’s Columbian Exposition was duly
ojiened to y-isitors yvith appropiate ceremonies on
the Ist day- of Maj-, 1893, and in conformity- with the
determination of the Commission the same was
closed on the 30th day- of October, 1893.

Section 13 of the Act of Congress approved April
25th, 1890, creating the World’s Columbian Com-
mission, requires that body- to make a final report to
the President of the United States in which shall be
])resented a full exhibit of the results of the World’s
Columbian Exposition.

The object and purjiose of this proy-ision in said
Act yvas to jilace in possession of the Government
a comprehensive statement of the arts, industries,
manufactures, and xiroducts of the soil, mine and
sea of the World and esiiecially of the United States
as disclosed and demonstrated in said Exjyosition.
It will be observed, therefore, th.at to comply with
this requirement, yvhen it is universally- admitted
that this Exposition far exceeded in extent and im-
portance any- exhibition heretofore held in the his-
tory- of the yvorld, is .a yvork of great m.aguitude and
can only- be accomplished by- a y-ast amount of care-
ful thought and labor. The importance of such a
report cannot be oy-erestimated. To publish the
present state of the arts, indurtries, manufactures,
and shoyy- yy-hat are noyy- the products of the soil,
mine and sea of the yvorld, and at the same time
present the advancement and prog-ress of the civili-
zation of our oyy-n country- in the past four hundred
y-ears. as demonstrated bj- the industry, genius and
patriotism of our people, yvould indeed be an attain-
ment y-ery- much to be desired by- the Government
of the United States.

After the close of the Exposition the Commission

XH.E INVJivNTIVE AQE

li.S

appointed a .special committee consisting- of Com-
missioners St. W. St. Clair of West Virginia, O. V.
Tousley of Minnesota, E. L. Roche of South Caro-
lina, Geo. V. Massey of Delaware, Euclid Martin of
Nebraska,?. H. Lannon of Utah, the undersigned as
chairman, John T. Dickinson of Te.xas as Secretary,
who are charged with the duty of preparing said hnal
report to be presented to the Commission for its
authoritative action.' In view of the fact that tliis
committee will be required to treat upon every fea-
ture of the Exposition covered by its plan and scope,
and for that purpose consider the final reports from
all the various departments, boards and agencies
employed in the inauguration, installati(jn and con-
duct of the same, including the very important work
of the Committee on Awards, several months titne
will be necessarily occupied in the work. The final
reports cannot be made from the Director General
and the exhibit departments until the exhibits are
delivered back to the exhibitors, which is expected
to be accomplished and the report completed by the
1st of April, 1894. However, it is confidently ex-
pected that the final report of the Commission will
be transmitted to 3'our Excellency not later than
November Ist, 1894.

FIN.VNCKS.

To enable the World’s Columbian Commission
and its officers to comjilete the work required by
tiie Acts of Congress approved April 25th, 1890, and
August 5th, 1892 respectively, not including the ex-
pense of the Committee on Awards, the following
estimate of the actual and necessary expense is sub-
mitted;

I'ur the committee of eitrlit directed by the
World’s Columbian Commission to prepare, the
linal report setting- forth the results of the World's
Columbian E.xposition in compliance tvith section
13 of Act of Cong-ress creating the Commission,
which includes all the e.xperl, stenographic and
clerical work, as well as stationery, etc., in the
preparation and completion of said final report .. $15, OOh

Meetings of the Board of Reference and Control of
the VVorld’s Columbian Commission, or in lieu

thereof 2,00(.)

Meetings of the Executive Committee of the World’s

Columbian Commission 6,00(1

Expenses of the Director-General’s office 3,0(X)

Expenses of the President’s office 500

Expenses of the Secretary’s office 6,tHKl

One session of the Commission necessary for the

purpose of confirming and delivering awards to
the exhibitors and adopting and transmitting
final report to the President of the United States, 10,000

tors, there will be a balance in e.xcess of the said de-
ficiency of twenty-five thousand dollars, which can
be rightfully expended to pay the same. In equity
and fairness this should be done, since a sum much
greater than tliis deficiencj' has been expended by
the Commission from its general appropriation
made necessary in the work of granting awards to
e.xhibitors.

KXPKS.SK OF AWAKII.S.

The following statements will show the accounts
of the Commission and Board of Lad}’ Managers
with the Treasury on the 1st day of January, 1894:

Expenditures to January 1, IS^J, chargeable against the ap-
propriation made for use of the Committee on .Awards of the
vVorld’s Columbian Commission:

Appropriation (Act of March 3.

1893) ^

Paid for services as foreign and
tiomestic judges of awards, from
March 3, 1893, to Jan. 1, 1894, in
the different departments, per
voucher register, as follows:

Agriculturai Department

Horticultural Department

Live Stock Department

Fisheries Department

Mines A: Mining Department

Machinery Department

T ransportation Department

Manufactures Department

Electricity Department

Fine Art Department

Liberal Art Departmetit

Ethnoh)g-y Department

Forestry Dep.artment

E.xpenditures from March 3, 1893 to
Jan. 1, 1.894, per voucher register
distributed as follows:

Committee on Awards

Furniture and Fixtures

Salaries 561,538.91

Stationery 3,058.28

Postage 144.45

Incidentals 2,309. 4<i

Judg-es Badges 937.50

Printing 1,631.45

General E.xpenses 2,840.79

Electrical Supplies 157.04 72,616.88

$366,991.17

Vtnichers ft)r paynietitof Judges in
prt>cess of settlement in the office

of the Secretary 7,409.8<>

Vouchers for payment of conting-
ent e.xpenses in process of settle-
ment in the office of the Secre-

tar.v 205,52 7,615.41 374,60<>.68

$470,880.00

S 56.478.19
24.024.30
5,963.63
5,062.90
22,360.79
1 1,'>72.05
15.373.2<t
57,72’J.50
13,309.>l‘l
29,7.56.75
29,861.10
2,6%.23
5,363.40

S279,9S2.0'1

9,836.68

4,585.52

Total $42,500

The following statement shows the account of the
Commission with the Treasury of the United States,
January 1st, 1894, other ttian expenditures for
awards:

Appropriation for the liscal year

ending’ June 30tU, 18‘.4 $118,185.00

Deficit for the fiscal vear endiiif,'-

June 30, 1893 $11,517. 27

Expenditures from Jul}' 1, 1893, to
December 31st, 1893, inclusive, per
voucher reg’ister, distributed as
follows :

President's office $ 2.014.55

Secretary's office 5,782.71

Director-General's office 10,919.91

Master of Transportation 1,473.00

Council of Administration 4,549.97

9th Session Commission, from Jul\*

1st to Sept. 11, '93, inclusive 33,577.49

10th Session Commission, from Oct.

4 to Nov. 0, 1893, inclusive 17,009.58

Auditing Committee 1,010.55

Ceremonies Committee 402.50

Horticultural Committee 032.82

L,ive Stock Committee 918.71

Executive Committee 3,080.23

Agricultural Committee 481.50

Foreign Affairs Committee 145.00

Foreig’ii Commissioners Grievance

Committee 18.30

Medals and Diplomas Committee. .. 320.30

Final Report Committee 200.75

President’s Report Committee 85.00

General Expenses -Commission 2,801.73 87,23(\00

Dalance unexpended of $3,<X)0 set
aside for the preparation of the
illustrations for the final report of

the Director-General 2,544.15

U nvouchered claims of Commission-
ers for Subsistance and Trans-
portation, estimated 500. fX)

Estimated uiivouchered claims ac-
count conting’ent expenses, for
stenographic reports, pri uliiiy.

stationery, teleyrams, eic 5,0(>3.00

$100,792.02

IJalance for expenses from Jan. 1.
to July 1, 18'>4 $ 11,382.98

It will be observed that to pay the actual and nec-
essary expenses for completing the work of the
Commission the sum of at least twent^'-tive thous-
and dollars (3^25,000) will be required in excess of the
appropriation for the fiscal year ending June 30th,
lh94. This sum can be provided without any addi-
tional expense to the government if Congress will
authorize the expenditure of that sum out of the ap-
propriation made to the Commission for the fiscal
year ending June 30th, 1894, to enable the Commis-
sion and the Board of Lady Managers to give effect
to and execute the provisions of section six of the
Act of Congress approved April 25th, 1890. After
paying all the expense of committees, etc., both of
Commission and Board of Lady Managers, judges
and examiners for the Exposition, and preparing
the medals and diplotnas to be delivered to exhibi-

Balaiice $ %, 273.32

Foreiyn Judyes $162.0<X).00

Dumestic Judyes 117,952.09

$279,952.09

Expenditures to January 1. 1894, and charyeable ayainst the
appropriation made for the use of the Committee on Awards of
the Board of Lady Manayers:

Appropriation (Act of March 3, 1893,) $1(X),000.00

Paid for services of Judyes of
Awards from March 3, 1893 to Jan.

1, 18<H, in the different departments
as per vouchers on file in the
Treasury Department at Wash-
inyton, D. C. as follows:

Ayricultural Department $ 2,921.80

Horticultural Department 2,721.50

Manufactures Department 26,051.40

Fine Art Department 2,750.00

Liberal Art Department 15,328.25

Ethnoloyy Department 3,314.(>5

$53,087.60

Expenditures from March 3, 1893, to
Jan. 1, 18')4 as per vouchers on file
in the Treasury Department at
Washinytoii, D. C., distributed as
follows;

Committee on Awards 1,382.10

Furiiil lire and Fixtures 238.20

Salaries $4,474.79

Stationery 21.25

Postaye 21. <X)

Printiiiy 214.4^1

Incidentals 22.58 4.753.02 59,4<)0.92

Balance $40,539.08

Foreiyii Judyes S 23,970.011

Domestic Judyes 29.117.60

S 53,087. ()0

The forgoing statement of accounts show a large
balance on the 1st day of Januar3% 1894 to the credit
both of the Commission and Board of Lady Mana-
gers on account of ajipropriations for awards. The
work of the Board of Lady Managers in the Depart-
ment of Awards is practically finished and that of
the Commission will be completed in about three
months at a minimum cost.

KEPOKT OF COMMITTEE ON AWARDS.

In order that a more perfect understanding may
be had with reference to the system of awards ad-
opted by the Commission, the magnitude, extent and
importance of the work of the Committee on Awards
and the manner of its execution, the followings com-
munication from the Executive Committee of the
Committee on Awards is herewith transmitted, which
is as follows:

Wokt.d's Columbian Commission,
Executive Committee on Awards,
Washington, D. C., December 13, 1893.

Hon. T. W. Palmek,

President, World's Columbian Co7nmission,

Chicago, III.

Dear Sir: The Executive Committee on Awards in response to
your request for a report to be submitted, with the report of
the Commission to the President of the U nited States, beys leave
topresent the followiiiy:

The Act of ConyfGss ap]>r«)\i‘d April 2". c<»M>viilutiny ihf*
World's Columbian Commission, jirt'-^cribinl th:il iln*Comniis
sion ••shill 1 app.iiiii all judy?s and rxamiiuTv for ih.* Kx|>osition.
award all pr«Mniurns. if an,v.*‘

Atlhelliird nuM'liriyof ilu* Conimissi.jri :» unariirnoU'' ri'p‘»rt
was madi* by a joint conniiitlu? ot ilo* World'" t oliimbian Com
mission consisiiny ot Conimissiom*rs Britton. Sm;!!!.-;. . Kinu
and Thachur, and a commiii? (»f tb.- WorhlN Columbian Kx
p'jsitioii consisiiny of Mrssrs. J. W . ElNworih. B<-njaniin
Butlerworih. C. H. McCormick and J’.. '1‘. Jt-ffrri .

Before reachiny lludr conclusi^jiis th,* vii-w-v «.f the Itirrctor-

(ieneriils of tin- I'aris and <*f the J'hihnlolphi.T I-.x po- i : ioiix \v.*re
carefully examined and oflicial r>qjons \vgi«- «.btaim'd Irom
Hon. K. I’orter. sujn-ri ntendi-ni of the C«*n"U". Prof. <i.
Browiii* (roode. of the Smithsonian, and i'rof. lilake. Boston,
Mass. They substantially concurred in ncomnu-ndatioiis
which weri* >*mbodied in Hu* followiny I wo j m jioiiaii t l«-:ituri*s of
the report of the above staled joint commilte?. viz:

First. ‘•The C«>inmittce are unaninnujs in ri'p<»riiny iliai
awards should not be c<'mj)etilive. This Kxjjosiiion was d?-
siyned to show the devidopmeiii of ih«* resonrc^s of ih** Uiiilrd
States and the proyn-ss of civilization in ilie Nrw Worhl, in
comparison with all nations that niiylii wi-li to particii>al«*. It
was ihouyht that it should be put, in its results, upon a liiyher
plane than simply to indicate the relative merits <»i tin* eoni]>eli-
tive exhibits of Smith and Brown. It was belieied that it should
indicate some independent and essential excellence in the article
exhibited, and that it should recijrd som»* advancement in the
state of tile art represented by such exhibit.

To that end the Committee recommends tlial awards shall lx*
yranted upon specific points of excellence or advancement, for-
mulated in words by a board of judyes or examiners, who shall
be competent experts, and the eiideiice of these awards shall
be parchment certificates, accompanied by bronze medals.*'

Second. “The awards of the board of judyes or examiners
will thus constitute an enduriiiy and historical record of de-
velopment and proyress as represented by the exhibits in
question; the parchment certificates will, by sufficient terms of
identification, evidence the award: and the bronze medals will
serve to the exhibitor as enduriny mementoes of his success.
Those exhibits which in the opinion of the juries and examiners
do not posses sufficient excellence or intrinsic development to
warrant awards will simply be scheduled in the yeneral caia-
loyue of the Exposition."

Third. “It is recommended that there should be but one class
or kind of medal and that it should be made of bronze."

At the session of November 24th, 18‘X), the World's Colum-
bian Commission unanimously adopted the above report.

Conyress approved of this plan of awards in the Act ot
Auyust 3, 1892, and appropriated therefor $103.000.Cn) for bronze
medals and diplomas of one desiyn. to be furnished under the
sole authority of the Secretary of the Treasury. Neither the
World's Columbian Commission nor its Committee on Awards
had any relationship whatsoever to the preparation of the
medals and diplomas. This work was exclusively within the
control of the Secretary of the Treasury, and when completed
under his supervision the medals and diplomas were directed by
the statute to be “delivered to the World's Columbian Com-
mission to be awarded exhibitors in accordance witli the pro-
visions of said Act of Conyress, av^proved April 35, 18'X)."

The action of Conyress, of the Commission and of the local
directory had thus created the entire scheme of awards and
appropriated the money for furnishiny the emblems thereof.
It will be observed that money awards, or yraded awards, or
competitive awards were thereby distinctly excluded. A stand-
ard of excellence was to be established in each class of exhibits,
and the merits of the exhibits were to be measured by that
standard and not by competition between each other. The prin-
cipal object which Conyress, throuyh the Commission, intended
to effect by this plan, was to make such a history of the meri-
torious exhibits as would be matter of record for future ex-
positions. That was embodied in the preamble to the oriyinal
law of April 25, 18'K), creatiny the Commission, wherein the object
was stated to be “the exhibition of the resources of the United
States (»f America, their development and the ]jroyress of civi-
lization in the New World." To yive it both a national and in-
ternational character all nations were invited to participate.
The system of awards was adopted November 24, 18‘X). The
President of the United States issued his invitation, by authority
of Conyress, to foreiyn nations on January 14, is'd. The accept-
ance by foreiyti nations of this invitation was therefore due to
the adoption of the aforesaid system of awards.

Later on the present Committee of Awards and its Executive
Committee were constituted under authority of the Commission,
for the pu rpose of carryiny into effect the system above pre-
scribed. For a lony time they were unable to lake any forward
steps because of the lack of an appropriation to pay the neces-
sary clerical expenses, compensation to the iudyes, and the
yeneral cost of the machinery necessary to execute the system
of awards. It was not until the 3d of March. 18‘>3. that Conyress
provided the requisite appropriation. Thereupon the Commit-
tee was promptly uryanized and after very careful deliberation
the necessary reyulations were framed, approved and promul-
yated. They were published both at home and amoiiy for-
eiyn nations. Under these reyulations the thirteen depart-
ments of the fair were each provided with an expert jury, vary-
iny in numbers accordiny to the niaynilude of the several de-
partnieiits. Those juries were auUi(»rized and required to con-
trol their own oryaiiizalion. haviny iheir respective officers of
their own selection, and niakitiy the necessary subordinate ar-
ranyemenls to yive executive effect to their oryanization. Out
of their number from day to day individual examiners were in-
structed to iiivesliyate and re])ort upon as>.lyneil exhibits,
such exu miner beiny selected lor his supjiosi’d qualification#
and especial fitness as an expert, in connoclioii with the clask
of exhibits to be examined, and each beiny retjuired to submit
to this deiiarlniental jury a written report, wherein he would
state the various features of his examination and the special
points of excellence upon wliich he recommended the allowancv
of an award in each instance. T'he departmental jury mectiiiy
as a whole, and makiny further cxaniinalion'> ihrouyh such
committee as they miyht find it necessary to appoint am<*ny
themselves, would thereafter carefully examine these wriiien
reports, and if dissatisfied with their correctness or sufficiencr
or otherwise would secure the appointment of other examiners,
either one or more, and would have such further report or
series of reports submitted to them as they miyht deem sufficient
for their information. When finally satisfied that they had all
the facts before them which, in their judymenl, were necessasr
for the makiny of an award, the jury would set as a whole and
determine the question of awards by a majority vote. From
that decision there was no aiipeal upon the merits of the judy-
ment, but if any exhibitor complained that injustice had been
done to his exhibit by reason of fraud, or irreyularities, or
clerical mistakes, it was competent for him to apeal to the Ex-
ecutive Committee on Awards who were tliereujHni reijuired it)
appoint an independent court of appeals l(> hear and tlelermine
the justice of his complaint.

Much lime was expended in securiny competent judyes. Cor-
respondence was had, by way of illustration, with over four-
teen hundred societies and technical oryaiiizalions, with the
view of securiny their recommendations as to the most qualified
experts to be obtained as judyes, and for the further purpose of
securiny their ideas as to the formulated plans for tesliny the
various classes ef exhibits. lu every way that conservative
thouyht or practical judyment could suyyest, whether as de-
rived from the experience of former expositions, or as tested bj
the probable necessities of jiresent conditions, the Committee
souyht to obtain, both at home and abroad, the best men iu
each class of exhibits who were not only upriyht and compe-
tent, but were yeneraly recoyuized by the world to possess both
qualifications. At the re(iu*?sf of the Committee the foreiyu
nations submitted lists of judyes to be appointed upon their be-

half, and it is proper to remark here thatthey furnished us with
very many 'rentlemen highly distin.eruished for their learning:
and* position in their several countries. Many of them have
worldwide reputations. A similar tribute can- be paid to the
American judgres. Whilst in a g'eneral body of judg-es there
mitTht be occasionally appointment of questionable strengfih it
was impossible fur an incompetent judg-e to perform duty for
any continu()us period without developing that fact. The
necessity for his submitting written reports to his departmental
jur3' v/ould necessarily disclose his deficiencies and compel the
discontinuance of his service. In the aggregate there were 852
judges appointed, distributed through the several departments
in proportion to their magnitude. It is gratifving that we are
able to certift' that not to exceed six cases of inconipetenc.v
were deveh»ped amongst the judges appoi nted, and onU' one
case of doubtful integrity-.

A general apprehension existed, that, under the s^-stem of
awards (e.xamining all of the exhibits upon an ideal standard
of excellencN with tho .great number of exhibits, there would
natiirallv result an excessive number of awards, thereb.v chea.p-
ening the value of each individual medal or diploma b.v the
greater number issued in the a.gg’regate. It was proved b\' ac-
tual experience that the obligations imposed up«)n each indi-
vidual examiner to report his conclusions in writing, and over
his own signature, to become a matter of permanent and public
record, and the high standard of excellence with whicli the
comparison of exhibits was made, re(iuired such an amount <‘f
care, caution and exactness as to materiallt’ reduce the percent-
age of awards be.vond those allowed at any previous World's
Exposition. At the Vienna Exposition in 1JS73 there were in
round numbers, 40.0UO exhibitors, to whom, under the s.vstem of
competitive awards, 20.000 medals were awarded. At Philadel-
phia in 187(i the number of exhibitors were 31,000 and upon a
st'stem of awards subslaiilially analog-ous to that adopted at
Chicago, there were 13.000 medals awarded. At the Melbourne
Exx^osiUon in 1877 there were o.(Hj0 exhibitt>r‘^, and 6, (XXI medals
awarded. At the Paris Exx)osition in 1880 there were OO.iXH) ex-
hibitors and 32,000 medals were awarded. In the Chicago Ex-
position in 1803, exclusive of France and N<»rwa\-, who withdrew
from exaniinatoin, there were 65.422 individual exhibitors, and
the judges made awards to 21,0iX) individual exliibitors. Be-
cause of their reijresentation, in some instance, in more than
one group, tlu'v received 23,757 awards. The x->^'‘i'‘-'ontage of
awards to exhibitors in tliese several fair-^ is as follow^ :

Exhihi- Per

tors^.

. Xv.'ards.

( rut.

1873. Vioiitui

42.060

2(>.(H'H)

(.2

1876. PhilacU4x>fi(’>-

31,000

13,104

42

1888, Melbounu*

9,000

0.0(H)

(.6

18,8'). Paris

(.1,722

33.8.89

1893. Chicairo

(.5.422

23,757

36

It will, of course, be utiderstc

10(1 that the number of exhibitors

is not the measure of the number of e.xliibits, because an in
dividual exhibitor might have several exhibits in the same oi
different dei;arlnient, grouj; or class. In fact, and as illustra
tiveof tile enormous labor jierformed b^' the juries of awards,
over 256.(.X)h stqiarale exhibits were examined and re^jorted upon,
out of which accrued the uUiniate total (.»f 23,757 medals
awarded.

It is xjrojHT to state that the system of awards adopted at this
Ex]iosiiion has worked *)iil to a satisfactory and expeditious re-
sult with less friction than has occurred at aipv xjre^ ious exposi-
tion. Taking the Paris Exposition, b.v wa.v of comparison,
there were more ilian HhO appeals filed there from the awards <)f
the juries, 67') of which were allowd and different awards made
uj^oii the judgment of tin* Axjjiellate court. In the Chicago Ex
jiosition out of (>5.422 exhibitors, onl^' 2c'n comijlaints were sub’
initted i!t any form against the awards, and of that nnmbei
only about 43 cases ripened into actual ax>j>eals. Of these aj)-
jieals all have betni ad j usted excepting five, wherein the decision
of the Court of Appeal has not \'et been announced. In each of
them the testimony has been taken, the arguments submiUed,
and the ti^e cases are in the* hands of the Court of Apjieal
awaiting their announcement of judgment. In these five cases
there were circumstances of alleged excex‘ti*>nal imj^ortanco and
a Court of Appeals was created outside of the Committee on
Awards and of anv of llu* niacliiiiert' connected therewith.
Four gentlemen of recognized standing and character were
selected and no complaint as to the fitness of their sirlection has
erer been suggested . It is certainl.v a great tribut^iJ to the sys-
tem of awards do]>ted and to the correctn^iss of the metln-ds
used in carrying tln*m into effect tnat such an insignificant per-
centage of complaints have been jjreferred. The showing is
believed to be unrivaled in the histor.v of similar exi>ositioiis.

All the awards, excepting the live cases jiending uj^on axjx^^^tl,
have from time to lime been x)roi)erl_v announced by iiosting on
the bulletin boards of the resxjective dex^artnieiits of the
World's Fair. It was intended, and x>tex>arations to that end
had been prefected. to have had a formal and ceremonial an-
nouncement of awards in Musit: Hall on the W^’orld's Fair
grounds on the 3hth of October last; but the concurrent action
of all the World's Fair authorities in suspending public cere-
monies, because of the assassination f>f the mayor of Chicago,
in closing the Fair, compelled the awards committee t(; rest
upon their ]>rior and more informal ati nouncement.

In conclusion, the ai)pro|)riatioti made by Congress will be
amj^le to complete the entire work of awards. The force eni-
pl(>3'ed has been reduced about 75 j^er cent., a sufficient force be-
ing retained to make the itecessarv comparisons and revisions
of clerical mistakes, and dix>lomas to exhibitors, when lhe\-
have been delivered to it bv the Secretary of the Treasury.
That work is understot)d to be j^rogressiiig satisfactorily.

In order to secure medals and dijilomas »)f such artistic value
as to be worthy of the United States as donor, the Secretary’ of
the Treasury caused the medals to be designed by Mr.
Augustus St. (laudeiis, and the diplomas b.v Mr. Will H. Lowe.
Those designs have been comi>leted and the medals and di-
plomas are now being made under direct aulhorit.v and super-
vision of the Secretar.v of the Treasury.

Yours Kestieclfullt',

John Boyd Thaliii' k.

A. T. Britton,

A. B. Andrews.

W. J. Sewell,

B. P>. Smalley.

Attest: Thos. L. Williams.

See relayy.

HOARD OF I,AI)V 31 A N Al^'.K RS.

The Board of L^ady Manag’er.s have performed a
very important 3Vork in the Kxx^osition, the extent,
value and importance of which will be submitted to
your Excellenc}' in tlie final report to be made by
the Commission. The following’ statement will
show the condition (.)f the finances of the said Board
on the 1st day of January, 1894. the balance being'
sufficient to enable it to complete its g-eneral work :

A PPROl'RIATKJNS.

Appropriation for fiscal 3'ear ending June 30, 18‘>2 $ 36,(.KX).(X)

Appropriation for fiscal 3'ear ending June 30. 1893 110. 000. (X)

Appropriation for fiscal .vear ending June 30. 18‘>4 93,190.00

Total approx^riations S239.X90.00

E X P EN D I T r R E S .

Expended from for 1892 S 28.251.30

Expended from apx>roi)riation for 1893 75.613.32

Expended from ax)iJropriation for 1894 84,128.77 $187,993.39

Aggregate balance of unexpended ax^-

prox^riation $ 51,1%.61

RECAPITULATION.

Ai)x>ropriation for fiscal vear ending June

30, 1892 S 3t),000.00

Expended from above approx:>riation 28.251.30

Balance unexpended from 1892 S 7.748.70

Ax>propriation for t'ear ending June 30, 1893. SllO. 000.00
Expended from above aitprox)riation 75,613.32

Balance unexpended from 1893 S 34.386.68

ADX->i‘ox')riation for year ending June 30. 1894. S 93,190.00
Exx^e’H-knl from above ai^prox^riation 84.128.77

Balance nnexx)eiided from 1894 S 9,061.23

Aggregate balance of axjx:)ropriations

iniexx:)ended $ 51.196.61

In building-, inaug-urating-. installing-, and conduct-
ing- the World's Fair, the World's Columbian Ex-
position, the Illinois cor^^oration. performed a mar-
velous w<jrk ^Yhich '.vill also be properE' treated in
said final report.

In conclusion it is proper t(j state that throug-h-
out the conduct of the Expositioti the most kindly re-
lations were maintained ^Yith tiie foreig-n Govern-
ments participating therein, and to their friendlj-
co-operation and tiiat of the States and Territories
of the Union, the g-reat success of the World’s Col-
lumbian Exposition is largely- to be attributed.

I have the homjr t(.> be verv- respectfully,

Your Obedient Servant,

T. W. P.VI.MHK.

Pres.ideut of the World's Columbia?! Commission.
Attest: John T. Dickinson,

.Sccrtdaiy.

DESCKIPTION OF LIIPI.UMA.

The diploma, which is the work of Will H. Eow,
is pronounced a particularly tine piece of art. In
the upper portion is an arch, througli which is given
a view of the Court of Honor and surrounding-
building-s, as if taken out in Lake Michig-an looking-
down over the Peristyle. To the left of this arch is
Columbia in a reclining position, resting- t>n a buf-
falo's head and stretching forth her hand to three
young Americans, located just to the left of the
base of the archway birdseye view of the White
City. These three young- Americans represent the
white, the colored and the Indian children of the
land. The kev-stone of the arch is formed of the
American coat of arms, with the eagle quite pro-
nounced. Resting- on a console in the upper rig-ht
hand corner of the diploma form is Art, with the
mechanical industries similarly reyiresented on the
opposite side. Below the arch g-iving- the view of
the Exposition grounds is the blank space for the
lang-uag-e of the award, about eig-ht inches scpiare.
The base line supporting- Columbia and the v-ouiig
Americans is sustained by massive columns on
either side, and inscribed on these column.s are the
names of the countries which by exhibition and
otherwise assisted in making the Columbian Expo-
sition a g-rand success. Just to the left of the space
for the inscription of the award is the hg-ure of
Fame standing-, tiptoed, upon the stern of a barge
and handing- to Columbia a laurel wreath. In the
stern of the barg-e stands Columbus, with face and
line of vision raised toward Columbia. His left
hand rests upon the rudder of the bark and in his
right he holds a globe, mounted with a cross. C)n
tlie side of the barg-e is shown the coat of arms of
tlie countries most prominently represented at the
Fair, while the four tig-ures which propel the craft
are typical of Europe, Asia, Africa and South
America. The blank space for the language of the
award is intended to hold three liundred words of
printed matter, the fac simile autog-raph of the in-
dividual jiidg'-e, the attest of the international com-
mittee of judg-es by its presiding oflicer, and the
autog-raph signatures of the proper exposition offi-
cials.

nH.SCKIPTION OF ilFIU.VI..

(fne side of the medal is historical and the other
emblematical. The historical side represents Co-1
umbus stepping- from liis boat. This view of the
medal is not in the least perspective in desig-n, that
effect or quality having been cut off' by the broad
folds of the flag of Spain, which is borne by the
sailor who stands directly behind the figure of Co-
lumbus, whose head is raised on high, giving thanks
to the Almighty. The reverse or emblematical side
is supptjsed to typifv’ America. It represents a
splendid specimen of lusty v-oung manhood. This
fig-ure. entirely undraped, leans easily against a
ponderous oak tree, and holds in his right hand
three wreatlis. In the distance stand the pillars of
Hercules, bearing in scroll the legend “Plus Ultra.”
The oak is intended to tv'pify g-reat strength, and
the boundarj' posts of the ancient world, with their
legend, suggest how much the new world surpasses
that known to tlie inhabitants of classic lands. The
original plates have been so arranged that the name
of the recipient will be placed on each medal and
the whole will appear as complete as if each single
medal was the only one struck off. It is possible
some modification may be made in the nudity of the
male form representing America b^- slightly drap-
ing it. Mr. St. Gaudens, of New York, desig-ned

the medal, and it is thoug»-ht to be the best effort of
this well-known artist. Unless it is decided to
chang-e tlie appearance of the figure intended to
represent America by draping it the medals will be
readj' for distribution b_v the date named in the re-
port of the executive committee on awards to Presi-
dent Palmer.

Both the medals and diplomas are being prepared
under the direction of the Secretary of the Treasur}-
and will 'De given a skillful finish not previously
approached in works of art of this character.

Each exhibitor upon whom was bestowed an
award will receive one medal and one diploma,
thoug»-h he may also receive additional diplomas if
awarded in more than one group; but oiiE^ one
medal will be given to an individual exhibitor re-
gardless of the number of awards granted. It is a
violation of law to reproduce or in an)- manner
change the medal.

HOW TO OBT.VIN COPIFIS OF DIPPOM.V.S.

Exhibitors who received awards at the Fair will
be furnished with advance official copies of their
diplomas by applying direct to Hon. John Boyd
Thacher, chairman executive committee on awards.
Pacific Building, ’^Vashing-ton, D. C., and all com-
munications relating- to matters of awards should
be so addressed.

MEETINGS OF BO.\Kl) OF CONTKOE.

The board of control of the World’s Columbian
Commission, which board is clothed with all the
authority of the Commission, held an adjourned
meeting in this city about the middle of January.
The question of obtaining means for compiling and
]>ublishing- the history of the great exhibition was a
matter wliich received consideration at this meeting.
It is t’nought Congress will be asked to authorize
the board to use a sufficient amount of the appropri-
ation still standing to the credit of the Columbian
Commission to meet the expenses of compiling,
writing and publishing- this liistory.

Books and Publications.

Ei.kctkic Light Ixst.vllatioxs. Vol. 1. The Manaffeiiieiil
of Accumulators. Ax>ractical handbook ; 7th edition, revised
and enlar^red, with illu.strations ; 12 mo. cloth, London, 1893.
D. Van Nostrand Company. New York. Price $1.50.

This work is profusely illustrated and as the pre-
face truly states, “ presents to the reader a general
survey of the practice of electric lighting and man-
ag-ement of accumulators, with such recommenda-
tions as are likely to assist the reader in obtaining
successful results. The popularity of the work is in-
dicated by the fact that this is the seventh edition,
which has been thoroug-'nly revised and extensively
enlarged by the author. This book fills a field on
the subject of accumulators not heretofore filled by
any scientific writer.

Inventors. By Philip G. Hubert. J r.. New York : C. .Scribner's
Sons : Svo. 3tI0 p. ; cloth, S2.

This book deals with the great inventors of the
world, illustrating the trials and obstacles as well as
the triumphs and success of the more prominent dis-
coverers of valuable processes and inventions. It
relates the experiences of such men as Benjamin
Franklin, Robt. Fulton, Eli Whitney, Elias Howe,
Samuel F. B. Morse, Chas. Goodyear, John Ericsson,
Cyrus McCormick, Thos. A. Edison, Alexander Gra-
ham Bell, and others. The work is profusely illus-
trated and should be in the liandsof every young in-
ventor.

The Electric Tk.ansfok.mation of Power and Its Applica-
tion nv THE Electric Motor, Including Electric Rail-
way Construction. By Philip Atkinson ; New York : D.
Van Nostrand Company : 12 mo. cloth, S2.

The author in the preface best tells the scope of
the work when he says that “ the design of the book
is to give, in plain, untechnical language, the essen-
tial facts in regard to the means by which electric-
ity is employed as an agent for the transformation
and transmission of power, and its application to the
operation of machinery.” The principles of the
electric motor and its application to various kinds of
mechanical work and railway use, are fully set forth.

How to Make Inventions, ok Inventing as a Science and
.AN Art. An Inc-entor’s Guide ; b,y Edward I. Thompson,
M. E. ; No. S Beekman Street, New York, enlarged and re-
vised, cloth 180 p. : SI. I). Van Nostrand Co., New York.

The standing of t’ne author as a mechanical engi-
neer and electrician entitles and insures this work
careful and respectful consideration. One cannot
read its pages without feeling repaid. It contains
technical knowledge of value to every inventor or
student of mechanics. It will prove alike instructive
to one who has already invented somet’ning of worth
and to the person whose inventive genius is
just budding, so to speak. It is probably the great-
est instructor yet written. TheAYzi' }'o!'k Recorder
says; “The book is practical from the word ‘in’
at the ’oeginning to the portentous declaration that
we are ‘ at the beginning of inventions ’ with which
it closes.” The Discovery , London, England, says :
“ The author is a -well known patent solicitor.”

Elements of H.andichaft .and Design. By W. A. S. Benson,
with illustrations. New York : Macmillan & Co ; cloth, $160.

THK IMVEX'riV'E AOE

THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

Suggestions for an Improvement in the Personnel
of the Officers.

(Paper read before the American Association of Inventors and
Manufacturers b.v Arthur Steuari.]

The duty required of the Exaufiners and Exainin-
ers-iu-Chief of the United States Patent Office, and
of the Commissioner and Assistant Commissioner of
Patents, are so technical, so arduous and require
such a wide range of education and experience that
it is of the highest importance that the very best men
should be secured for those positions and that their
services should be retained by the Government dur-
ing their lives. To accomplish this result it seems
to be necessary only to do two thing's. First, to re-
mov^e the Patent Office entirel5’ from political influ-
ence ; and second, to make the positions of Examin-
ers and Commissioners so desirable that the best men
will seek them, and having once secured them de-
vote their lives to the fulfillment of the duties re-
quired. These same conditions and necessities exist
in the United States Army and in th.e United States
Navy, and in both of these branches of the Govern-
ment service the ends which we desire to attain in
the Patent Office are attained hy a ver3' simple and
efficient sj-stem ; that is to saj’, all appointments are
made after proper qualifications and examination to
the lowest grade in the service and all the higher
grades are filled bf’ promotion. A few high prizes
are offered in the form of large salaries to the high-
est officers, and all officers are given the assurance
of a support in old ag-e b3' a suitable pension.

There is no branch of the Government service, the
Arm3" and Nav3’ excepted, where highU' equipped
and honorable men are more needed than in the Pat-
ent Office, and when once secured, where the3- should
be more sureh' retained than there. All this advan-
tage can be gained bv several simple changes in the
law governing the appointment of Examiners and
Commissioners, and the incorporation of a civil pen-
sion S3'stem for superannuated officers.

1. If all appointments were limited to the lowest
g'rade in the examining corps and all other appoint-
ments made b3’ promotion, independence and per-
manence would result, and we would be sure of hav-
ing a permanent Commissioner of Patents who would
know the law and the practice and be enabled to es-
tablish a uniform and consistent practice.

2. If the pension S3'stem could be established it
would go far to cause the best men fo remain' in the
service, feeling- secure that when thev were super-
annuated or died the3' would have or could leave a
pension large enough for their necessities or those of
their families. The Examining- Force, Board of Ex-
aminers and Commissioners consist of about 140 men.
It would be fair to estimate that not more than 25
per cent, of this number would be on pension rolls at
one time. The average salarv of the Examiners and
Commissioner is about S2,000. If 25 per cent, or even
SO per cent, of 140 Examiners be on the pension roll
at one time, sa3' 50 per cent, on half pav, this would
be 70 at SI, 000 or S70,000 a 5'ear. -The office could pa3'
this out of its annual surplus and have a large
amount over and above to turn into the United States
Treasur3'.

Another possible plan would be to increase the
present salaries of the Examiners, sa3' b3' the same
amount of S70,000 ; this would be an average of S500
a piece or an average of 52,500. This increase would.
I think, operate less beneficialE’ in increasing the
stabilit3' of the force and securing the best men to
remain in the service for a life time than the Pension
S3’stem.

Field’s Improved Gas Burner.

Presented herewith is an illustration of Mr.
Benjamin F. Field’s important improvements in
Gas Burner Attachments. The primaiw' object
of this invention is to produce a device which will
operate to automaticalh- close the valve, not with-
standing the careless actions of an operator. This
end is attained b3" arranging around the valve spin-
dle a circular frame, within which a spiral spring is
located: one end of this spring is fixed to a stud on
the frame, while the remaining end is connected

with an arm, which is in turn connected to the valve
spindle.

The spring is so arratiged that it will keep. 1)3-
means of the arm .aforesaid, the valve closed, and

the handle of
th.e valve is
made to op-
e r :i t e as a
pawl and in
con junction
with a ratch-
et fixed on
the frame.
whereb3' the

valve ma3' be opened, against the tendenc3' tfie
spring, and kept so when the burner is in use.
As soon as the pawl is released from the ratchet
the spring will automaticallv close the valve.

By this means it will be seen that it will be impos-
sible for one to leave the valve open b3'' carelessly
turning off the gas, since the valve will be closed
b3' the spring unless care is taken to engage the
ratchet and pawl-handle, and this will not be done
when it is the operator’s intention to turn off' the g-as.
Air. Field will exhibit his invention in operation at
the Midwinter Fair in San Francisco, and owing to
the simplicitv and consequent cheapness, the inven-
tion is expected to meet with great success.

The inventor's address is 205 New High St., Los
Angeles. Cal.

An Improved Car Coupler.

The Ixvextive Age presents herewith an illustra-
tion of an improvement in car couplers which it i.s
believed has manv advantageous features. The es-
sence of the improvement lies in an arrangement
wherein the draw head is relieved entirel}' of the
strain, and this put upon a supplemental draw-bar.
which is e.xtended to form a hook for engaging the
link of the adjoining car.

This auxiliary draw-bar is connected to the car
through the medium of two stout springs, which are
arranged to receive the .-.train and thus dispense
with the jar
i n c i dent to
the m o V e -
ment of the
cars, while
the forward
or hook-end
of the draw-
bar is held in position b3" a spring arranged above it.
Crank and link mechanism is provided b3' which the
hook ma3’ be raised and consequent^- disengaged
from the link.

It is thought that'the advantages of this construc-
tion will be readilv appreciated, since b3' it the en-
tire strain is placed upon the two springs attached
to the draw-bar, thus mal-cing the parts which must
necessarih- pla3- with the motion of the car as few as
possible, and consequent^- doing awa3' with the lia-
bilit3' of disarrangement. The inventor of this im-
provement is Mr. Simon Stump, of Great Bend, P<'i.

Electric Cioud Projector.

There is now installed and in successful operation
on top of the "World Building-, New York Cit3-, 'a
cloud projector used for throwing advertising signs
on the clouds or on tall buildings, which is attract-
ing a great deal of attention. It was designed and
installed b3- Mr. L. H. Rogers, assistant manager of
the Brush Electric Compan3'. of Cleveland, O. Mr.
Rogers, after several 3'ears of experimenting-, has
produced an entireU' successful apparatus for ac-
complishing t’ne desried purpose. It is a wonderful
apparatus, constructed on scientific principles, en-
tireU' different from those of the mag-ic lantern, and
will throw the imag-e of an individual or words
thousands of feet upward on some passing cloud,
where it ma3- ’oe seen with perfect distinctness b3'
the people below.

Frivolous Patents.

It is reported that a large number of applicants for
patents are now being rejected as “frivolous” and of
no commercial or industrial value. The applications
for patents for unpatentable articles is increasing
dail3-, and hereafter the examinations will be more
severe.

MONSTER 13-INCH CANNON.

{Co)iti)iiit dJ) ont first putyc.-
spectators and the process is watched with ke<-n in-
terest, for if an V accideut occur.-,, and the litting i-.
not absolutelv accurate, it iuvolve-- cou.-.iderable lo-.-,
to the Goverumeut, ])articularl3- i;i gmi-. of ■ ■ ,n,-idi, r-
able length. The famou„ Krupp gun. tin- l.-irg-o-t
ever manufactured, wa.-, 40 feet long- and l.i-im-li cal-
ibre. The eveu dozen now being- manufartured by
this goverumeut are 35 feet loug-. 13-inch calibre.

Attempts have been made to remo>.-e the ja.:ket»
when the3' have been found to be gauged iu.'i.'.'u-
rateU', but all eft'orts in this direction have been in
vain, as the jackets could n-jt be takeu off bv any
method of wrenching-, heating or cooling, aud the
ouU’ wa3' 3'et discovered to remove a jacket or tifne
is ’03- the slow aud tedious process of boring.

Cannon are manufactured at the Wa.-.hiug'ton Navy
Yard Gun Fouudrv of various smaller calibres, but
the3' are all pigmies as compared with these colo.^sal
13-iuch breech-loading rifles, which weigh ab<mt hS
tons each, aud which seem at first thought so h.eavy
the5' could never 'oe carried b}- ant" vessel. Yet they
have been designed aud will be carried on board the
g-reat battle ships named. Eveu these g-reat g'-uiis
are eclipsed in weight b3- those on some of the British
men of war, the largest of v,-hich weig-hs S7 ton..-.
These immense masses of steel have proved too
cumbursome when exceeding 75 tons, and the Brit-
ish Admirait3' has receutU- decided to discontinue
manufacturing- them. American naval experts
'oelieve in the greater efficieuev aud ecouom3- of
smaller ordnance, and it is probable that few of
these larg-e-sized rifles will be manufactured in t'ne
future.

Ix-vextive Age readers who have u.jt been favored
with an opportuuit3- of personalU' inspecting this
kind of ordnance, made b3' improved methods aud of
the best qualit3' of material, can see in the illustra-
tion a faithful representation of the most terrible
weapons of our new uav3-. The3- are the '' peace-
makers '' of our commercial world aud represent the
genious aud accomplishtneuts of modern naval ex-
perts who have been called upon to perfect a g-uu
which -will carrv a projectile the longf-est distance
with the greatest penetrating power. Tne result, as
shown, is a triumph of American enterprise aud en-
gineering skill, aud places this nation as independent
of foreign workshops for efficient ordnance, as we
are free from European methods and manufacturers
in designing- aud constructing great battleships.

The “Age” as an Advertising Medium.

The correspondence received from advertisers iu
the Ixvextive Age indicates tlie value of the.se
columns as an advertising medium. Here are a few
specimens:

WANTED TO BUV AX IXVEXTION.

Clevel.cxd. Ohio, Auv. 3.

Inz-c'iif/z r Ayii, Washingtou. D. C.

De.cr Sirs: For heaven's sake pull out ray aclvertiseraeiu in
your paper, headed "Of Interest to Inveutor.s." I think it took.
I say I tii/nk: I knovj it took. It has taken about all niy time to
answer letters regarding it ever since the advertisement was in-
serted. I have got a hig box full of plans, specifications, and
nearly a barrel full of models. * » Respectfully.

A. H. Dickey.

W.VXTED .VX INTEREST IN GOOD THING.

lN-Di.yx.\poi.is. I-VD., Dec. 2il.

Incentive -Igr. n'ashizigton, D. C.

Gexilemex: When I advertised in the Age that I wanted to
buy an interest in a good patent that could be inanufacturod
and put on the market at once I had little idea of the result. I
have received more propositions than I can investigate in a
year. Enclosed find SI for Ixvextive Age another year. I
wouldn't be witho-ut it. Yours truly.

Jos. .VXDEHSOX.

FOUND WHAT HE W.VNTED.

Lexixgto-n'. Kv. Jan. 8.

Pubs. Inz'cutiz-e Age. Was/jiuglou. Z>. C.

Gex'ts: My advestisement in your paper for "someone who
owned a good patent requiring the investment of a little monej
and a great deal of energy"' brought me in communication with
a large number of inventors. I wish I had more capital. There
are many readers of vour paper who have good inventions
needing development and push. They ought to use your "Bar-
gain" and "For Sale" columns more freely. Yours,

E. D. Be.ych.

FROM F.-VR t)FF INUI.V.

N.yvs.yri, xe.vr BoMn.yy, I.vdi.y, Dec. IJ.
Editors Iiiz't'uth'e Age.

Gextlemex; I renew my subscription and enclose herewith
$1.25 for it and a copy of "I’icturesque Washington." I derive
great benefit from your "‘Patents for Sale" column and have
already taken si.x useful articles to be introduced in this coun-
try. Inventors should advertise more than they do in that col-
umn as it will interest investors. Faithfully'yours,

’ Kn. M. T.tT.y.

Sevek-^e interesting articles are crowded out of this issue,
on account of the proceedings of the American Association of
Inventors and IManufacturers. Article IV of the International
Convention of 1883. read before the Patent Congress in Chicago,
by E.xaniiner Seel.v of the Patent Office. "Our Y-ouths' Depart-
ment." by Prof. Le-ivis of Johns Hopkins University, and other
features will appear ne.xt month.

Ti^hC INVENTIVE AOE

Primitive Inventions.

I have never talked with one of onr modern
g-eniuses on the siibiect. but it has occurred to me
that all inventors are, in their creative moods, in a
kind of hypnotic state. The best auth.orities on
hypnotism. tell us that the patient is put into such a
condition of mind and body that mere sug'g'estion is
equivalent to action. Xow, the jjrimitive and
.savage inventors, among whom I have passed 1113-
daj's, seem peculiarh' under this quasi mesmeric
state. The •'lunatic, the lover and the jjoet" are
said b3' a good authoritv to be “of imagination all
compact.” But the inventor is also in some such
mood. In tracing up the origin of an3’ savage tool,
process, artistic (jr industrial product one must
never fail to look in nature for the suggestion. It
ma}' be that the cr3'ing want or desire has put the
mind into this unusuall3’ sensitive c<.)ndition, has
made the fingers more deft, the e3’e ni(.)re observ-
ant. Be it so. When the man turns his eves
about him or any other one of his senses is stirred,
he at once has revealed to him a world of whispers.
The fruits and tissues and woods of plants, the
qualities of rf)cks, the parts and the conduct of
animals each sa3', look at me, trv me, imitate me.
A few examples will suffice. As to a home. Where-
ever animals Imrrow, men dig cellars (jr live under-
ground. If man had been on this earth before the
mammals, then the latter ma3’ have been instructed
bv the former. But animals were first. The polar
bear slee])s under the snow, f(jxes have holes,
wolves have caves and mativ creatures have dens
which have been imitated in human habitations b3'
suggestion. In the country of the tent and built up
cabin, beavers and other rodents cut down trees
and hauled timber long ago. Their achievements
have been (overrated, but the cunning' inventor
needed i.mU' a sug'g'estii.>n to g'ive him a start.

The same is true of the arts. Birds were weavers,
spiders were spinners, caterpillars made soft tex-
tiles and even some vf the plants effected warp and
woof in the arrangement of their fibres l)efore the
appearance of man. Every wliere these jirocesses
or objects obtruded themselves before the e3'es of
our race from the first. Unless there be some posi-
tive evidence that our race has been hundreds of
thousands of vears on the g'lobe, there is no a
priori necessity for such duration in the develop-
ment of art, and inventions. In the stud3' of
potter3'. however, are tlie best e.xamples of this
(|uasi mesmerism. The material, with all its weak-
nesses and limitations, is still the most tractable.
The aboriginal potter, therefore, is alwa3's g-etting
suggestions from outside how to make it up. For
example, the Florida Indians used to drink out of
Busycon and other shells, but some one has dug
from an Arkansas mound a good copy (.if one of
these shells in clay. The number of proofs at this
point are without limit. The Indian potter's e3'e no
less than the civilized poet’s

Doth ffhuict* front heaven to eartli, from earth to heaven:

And as imatfination liodies fortli

The forms of thing's unknown, the potter's hand turns them to

shape,

and gives t(f mere sugg'estions a new and pleasing
substantialit3'.

In striking contrast with those hours when the
mind is under this exalting inspiration of nature
are the other and far more umerous hours when we
lead a quasi automatic life, mereU' folhtwitig- suit.
It is to these the cptestiifn was addressed, are we
merely automata? But I come back t(.) the modern
inventor and ask hiiti whether the same process of
.stimulating suggestion which manifests itself in
the savage is not his motive power in presence of
the imperfect works of other minds.

O. T. Ma.sox.

The Palmetto Trade flark Case.

A Trade Mark is a name, symbol or device used 133-
a manufacturer or merchant, to distinguish the mer-
chandise which he produces or sells from that of
others, in order that such merchandise nia3- be known
as his, and that lie mav secure the profits arising-
from its production for superioritA', and before the
same can be issued it must appear that it has been

or is to be used in a foreign trade or with an Indian
tribe.

One of the must noted Trade Mark cases brought
to the attention of the public in main' years is that
now pending bef(3re the District Court (jf Appeals of
the District of Colum'oia. and known as Gov. Till-
man's Trade Mark for the liquor dispensaries estab-
lished bv the Statutes of South Carolina. The ap-
plication was made to the Commissioner of Patents,
asking- that a Trade Mark be granted on the word
“ Palmetto," and it was intended to be used to dis-
tinguish a brand of liquor to be sf-ild £it the dispen-
saries under the South Cariflina liquor law.

The <'i])plication was rejected b3' the Commissioner
of Patents on the ground that the State had no au-
thorized trade in liquor outside of its limits, and on
the further g-round that the State was not autlnor-
ized under its law to trade either with foreign coun-
tries or Indian tribes but nia3’ onU' trade within the
limits of the State.

Upon refusal of the Commissioner to register the
Trade Mark, the State applied to the Supreme Court
of the District of Columbia for ;i writ of mandamus,
requiring the Commissioner of Patents t(3 register
the Trade Mark ;is applied for bv the State w'nich
order was g-ranted by the Supreme Court, and from
which order the Commissioner of Patents appealed
to the District Court of Appeals where the case is
now pending — the same having been argued by coun-
sel (311 b(.)th sides, but no decision has as yet been ren-
dered.

The case inv(3lves several very intricate ;iud imxxir-
tant questions, the most important of which nia3' be
said to be the right of the State t(3 acquire tlie prop-
ert3' or privileg-es conveyed by Trade Marks.

One question is that (jf citizenship, as under the
law, ever3' applicant must record in the Patent Olfice
his name, residence and place (3f business, the class
of mercliandize and a particular description of the
goods, in such cases in which, the Trade Mark has
been or is intended to be applied, and the person ap-
ph'iiig must either be a citizen of tlie United States
or have filed his declaration of intention to become
such.

The Commissioner of Patents further contends on
his part, that he is authorized to judicialU' determine
the leg''alit3’ of the business of persons claiming the
rig-ht to register Trade Marks, and that a mandamus
will not lie to compel him to perform a judicial func-
tion, but only lies where the dut3’ to be performed is
purely’ ministerial. This Trade Mark is s(>nglTc bv
the State t(3 assist in carry’ing out the provisions of
the statutes of the State of S(3uth Caiayiina in rela-
tion to the sale of liquor within its limits, and as
there does inrt appear to be an3' Indian tribes within
the State with whom it yy’ould trade, it w(3uld seem
that under the broad construction of the law hereto-
fore giv-eii a.s to Trade Marks with a foreign countr3'
or Indian tribes, there is g-reat force in the Commis-
sioner’s holding-.

The decision yvill be awaited with interest on this
p(3int as well as on the qnesti(3n of the right of the
State t(3 act in the capacit3’ of what has heretcyfore
been held to be a person or a corporation. The State
was represented in the case Ijy Messrs. J. Altehus
Johnson and James Edgar Smith, and the Commis-
sioner by' Messrs. Joh.n I. Hall and Eey'i H. Camp-
bell.

Important Changes in Patent Office Rules.

Commissioner of Patents Seymour lias repealed Rule 64 of the
practice and established the fonowinjr in lieu thereof :

** When the specifications and claims are such that the inven'
tion may be understood, the examination of a complete applica-
tion and the action thereon will be directed th ronirliout to the
merits, but in each letter the examiner shall state or refer to all
his objections. Only in cases presentinjr patentable substance
will requirements in matters of form be insisted on."

A new order. No. USO. relates to drawinjrs, and is as follows :

•• Erasures or other alterations of drawinjrs will not be made
or permitted excejit in compliance with this order. Applicants
are re<iuested to furnish with their orijrinals a blue print or
other photographic copy of all drawiiiys formiiE'- part of an ap-
plication, and where this is done the orij^riiuil drawingTS may be
taken to the attorney's room, but not otherwise.

“Before makinj^ a re(]uirement to alter an original drawin^r
the examiner will formally make the blue print or other copy a
part (.)f the files, and in case no such copy has been furnished by
the applicant the office will make such copy without char<re, and
thereupon the required alteration may be made by the appli-
cant, under the direction of the examiner and subject to his ap-
proval. or, upon request, it will be made bv the ofiice at the ex-
pense of the applicant.

"The reciuirernent to make alterations in oriirinal drawinjrs
will be made in writiii*’’. and the applicant's response must also
be in writing, and in such case the copy of the drawing', the re-
quirement to alter, and the applicant’s'response will form part
of the record. Action by the office on the merits will not be sus-
pended pendiiiisr the chang-e of a drawing*, if the invention claimed
may be understood by the examiner. Fc>r the purposes of this
order the office, upon the request of applicants, will make blue
prints at the charge of 5 cents a sheet.

"In appeal cases and upon the declaration of an interference
a blue print or ()ther copy will be sent forward with the files, the
exaniiner retaining the original dra\sings in liis room until the
hearing. Except as herein required such blue print or other
copt'' will not be made a part of the file, and may not be pre-
served after an application passes into a patent.

Conduit and Overhead Trolley Systems.

By Eiiw.3kd P. Thompson, M. E.

Wlieii, a few y'ears ago. it was proposed to put all
wires underground in Nevr Y(3rk and other cities the
erv yvas almost uiiiy’ersal that it could n(3t be done.
The difficulties pointed out as the reason yvere over-
come 'uy the combined action of the inventor and
the eng-ineer, illustrating that tiie presentation of
o’ojections in a.n impartial manner ma5' be the im-
petus yvhich leads to success.

Those who propose to enter the field for the pur-
pose of obtaining the gener(ms reyy'ard of ?50,000
offered by tlie Metropolitan Traction Co., of NevT
York Cit3' for a successful sul3stitute for the over-
head conductor system yvill undoubtedl3' be ver3' feyv
in number, oyving to the great difficulties to be oy'er-
come. It has been stated erroneously' tiiat the con-
duit is a.s serviceable as th.e oy'erhead, l3ecause both
are sul)stantiall3' the same thing — merely a trolley
under, instead of oy'er, the car. The object of this
article is to point out by brief and terse sentences
certain facts yvhich seem to prove serious difficulties.

The underg-round conduit is comparal3le to a cel-
lar— ahvays damp. Whether pleasant orstorni3'the
insulators hay'e a film of water, yvhile in the oy'er-
head tiiey are damp only during unpleasant
yveather. Leakage tlierefore occurs at each insu-
lator continualU'. The prolonged dampxiess also
causes chemical changes and a reduction of resist-
ance. During heavy' storms all sevy'ers and drains
are overloaded and the yvires are flooded and short-
circuited. Roads are the dustiest of dusty places,
and consequently the electrically conducting par-
ticles from horseshoes, yvag(3n tires and scores of
other substances collect on the insulating supports,
becoming an additional source of leakage and one
not found in the overhead to an3' injurious extent
because so elevated and because the rain can be
permitted to yvash them mny' and then.

A conduit is practically inaccessible, as c(3iiipared
yvith the overliead, for reneyval of insulators, join-
ing of broken wires, remoy’al of trolley, painting,
cleaning and incidental operations.

The trolley' jumps off of the conductor in the over-
head system as vrell as in the conduit, hut it may he
easily replaced in the f(3rmer.

Hoy\' comm(3n it is t(3 see (3\'erhead trolle3'-car
tracks and conductors crossing and ciiry'ing and
syvitching and apparently in g-reat confusion; but at
the same time the tracks and conductors are respec-
tiy'eU' 'oelov,' and aboy'e the cars. With the conduits
there is suc'n unending confusion that those who
have exhibited experimental conduit S3'stems g-en-
eralU' simplif3' the crossing and switching features
b3’“talk.’’ There must be some missing link or
else the3' would sh(3yv it in order to prove the uni-
versal application of their systems. As compared
yvith the o'yerhead a radical difference appears; for
in the latter it is a frequent sight to see the trolley
lifted temporarily or replaced after jumping off at
a 'oranch or turiK.uit. If a trolley will not stay on
in the overhead system neit’ner yy'ill it in the conduit,
arguments as to the guides’ efficiency notwith-
standing.

Tlie yvriter has scarcely’ ey'er seen an underground
conduit system without manholes, and he has seen
these left open and unguarded and the deadly cur-
rent full on, all in condition for children to jump
into and play and die. No manholes are necessary
for the oy'erhead system. In one instance such a
system involved as a permanency a manhole to be
opened ;it each approach of a car and a lantern to
guard it at night. Would such an obstruction in a
beautiful street, yvhere the overhead system is ob-
jected to, recommend the conduit as a substitute?

In yvinter the snoyv on the overhead conductor
does little harm because the trolley bears on the
under surface; but with the conduit the snow and
pieces of ice choke the slot. I sayv tlie latter kind
of system in operation on one railyvav which yvas ac-
companied by' a ver3’ tall colored man (as it were, a
part of the system) running ahead of the car yvith a
stick to remove jiieces of ice and hard snow which
yvere yvedged into the slot b3' a team ahead. The
people v.'atched him as the3’ yvould a tight-rope
walker, expecting to yvitne.ss an accident.

The compara.tive and larger first cost is not en-
tered as a difficulty', because the conduit would cost
no more than a cable conduit, which has been re-
duced to an economical design.

TirlE: INVlSN'riVK AOE.

an record in the United States Patent Office for
the ino'ilh endinjr January 17. where the consid-
eration was and over.

Martiu Burns inventor, to Frank H.
Gorton of Perry, (tklahonia Ter., Corn
Harvester ; half of all bis right for U. S.
$10,000.

Claude Bennett inventor, to Frank
Chapman, of Cass Co. Jvlich., Comliiua-
tiou Milk Pail ; undivided one half inter-
est for U. S. #15,000.

Geo. W. Biifford, inventor, to James
H. Williams, and others of Brooklyn,
N. Y., Pipe Tongs; whole right forth S.
Consideration. #2,750.

David L. Berry, and Jesse Wheeler
inventors, to Lewis F. Crandall, ofMosca
Colo., Barrel Racks; two undivided
thirds for state of California. #3.500.

Whn. Bader inventor, to Willis C.
Vajen, of Indianapolis, Iiid., Fireman’s
Smoke Protector ; one undivided half of
his right for U. vS. #5,000.

Daniel W. Cole inventor, to Wm. W.
De Wolf, of Ottawa, Kans., Hrdrocar-
bou Burners ; his entire right for U. S.
#10,000.

Janies F. Chesebro inventor, to the
Cheseliro IiiLaler Co., of New Jersey,
Vaporizing Inhalers; exclusive right for
U. S. #i.4.,ooo.

Geo. J. Clinio inventor, to .Sidvester R.
Roose, Gosheii, lud., Fence Wire Light-
euers ; one half of right. #5,000.

Wm. T. Cutter inventor, to Edward
R. Faxon and others of Graub)’, Conn.,
Process of Extracting Fat from Wool;
all his right for slate of Connecticut.
#5.000.

Chas. E. Cookerly inventor, to R. S.
Searle, Jackson Co., Mo.. Hydro Carbon
Burner; right for U. S. #2,500.

David H. Coles iin-entor, to W. F. &

F. C. Sayles, ofPawtucket, R. I , Sewing
Machines ; right for I'. S. #5,000

Hendrick B. Cease inventor, to the
Lincoln Press Drill Co., of Lincoln, 111.,
Grain Drill ; all rights. #6,335.

Arthur T. Collier inventor, to the
American Bell Telephone Co., of Boston,
Mass., Telephone Receivers ; all rights.
17,500.

Samuel Davis aud Frederick G. Davis
inventors, to the Davis Washing Ma-
chine Co , of Las Vegas, New Mexico,
Clothes Pounders ; all rights. #24,500.

Whn. W. Davis inventor, to James C.
Slater of Linnens, Mo., Telephone Sys-
tem ; one undivided half interest in said
invention for states of Missouri and
Kansas. #10,000.

Chas. H. Fox inventor, to Warner J.
Hodge, of Daunt, Cal., Refrigerator; an
undivided one-half interest in said in-
vention for U. .S. #2,000.

Ernest Finch inventor, to the Cone
Fire Clay Co., ofSalineville, Ohio, Chim-
ney Tops; all rights for state of Ohio.
i#2,55o.

Newton Fulton inventor, to Daniel
J. Splane, of Gunnison Co. Colo., Cube
Boxes ; one half interest in his invention
for U. S. #10,000.

Archibald I'ord iuventor, to Lincoln
Davis, of Tacoma, Wash., Gas Regula-
tors ; all rights for state of Minnesota.
#5,000.

Daniel D. Frisbie inventor, to Ann A.
Voorhris of the Township of Pontiac,
Mich., Fences; all rights for states of
Indiana and Ky. #4,000.

Wm. H. Johnson iuventor, to Chas. G.
Human, of San Antonio, Texas, Change
Makers ; all rights for L. S. #5,000.

Hosmer 1. Jackson inventor. Gilbert

G. Webster, of Great Bend. Ohio, Carpet

Stretcher and Jack ; an undivided one-
half of right. #5,(»o.

James M. Kirker and Frederick M.
Bender inventor’s, to the Kirker & Ben-
der Fire Escape Co., of Louisville, Ky.,
Fire Appliances; all rights for U. S. #5,000

P'rauk W. Kline and Geo. G. Thomas
inventors, to W. A. Vaunatta, of Edi-
son, Ohio, Neck Yokes ; all rights for
U. ,S. #5,000.

Bernard Kern Jr,, iuventor, to the
Kern Street Cleaning Co., of Toledo,
Ohio, Street Sweepers ; exclusive rights.
#25,000.

Oliver W. Ketchuni inventor, to Ar-
thur B, Lee, of Toronto, Canada, Gas
Producers ; one undivided third. #4,800.

Win. C. Lockwood inventor, to C.
Fontannaz, Secondary Batteries ; an un-
divided one fourth of all right. #5,000.

Samuel W. Ludlow inventor, Ludlow,
Ward & Losli assignors, to Walter S.
Ludlow. I'ire Alarm Apparatus ; all their
rights for Hamilton Co., Ohio. #10,000.

Theodore I'. Le Masseua inventor, to
Clarence E. Le. Massena and others, of
Newark, N. J., Polishing aud Grinding
Wheels ; the whole right. #5,825.

Judson A. Elliott inventor, to Wm. R.
Davis, Nursery and Lawn Car ; undivided
interest in eight states, and two territo-
ries. #7,500.

Geo. H. Nicholls inventor, to the Ouick
Cooker Co , of Galveston, Texas, Cook-
ing Utensils ; the whole right for U. S.
#10,000.

vS. E. Nulting inventor, to IJugene Clif-
ford, Electric Arc Lamps ; all right.
#50,000.

Jens Nielson inventor, to the Danish
Milking Machine Co., ofHartlaiid, Wis.,
Cow Milker ; all rights for U. vS. aud ter-
ritories. #9,000

Sarah M. Hoyt inventor, to the Illi-
nois Washed Gravel Co., of 111., Centri-
fugal Screen ; exclusive right to use in
certain territories. #225.000.

Geo. H. Holgate iuventor. Amos E.
Griffiths, of Philadelphia. Pa., Water
Closets ; all rights. #20,000.

Chas. Hammons inventor, to Cecelia
A. Brewer, of La Porte. Iiid,, Washing
Machine; all rights. #3,500.

James Pi McAlpin, and Geo. PI. McAl-
piii inventors, to the Mc.Llpiu Chemical
aud Mf’g. Co., of 111., Ihre or Water
Proof I’aint ; all rights for five states.
#50,000.

Phares M. Mishler inventor, to Homer
Brawle, of Chicago, 111., Hedge; all
rights for five states. #5,000.

Prosper A. Marignen inventor, to
Marigiien’s Filtre Co., of Loudon, Eng.,
Compound for I’urifyiug W’ater ; whole
right. #7.500.

John N. Parker inventor, to W. H.
Mott, of Coldwater. Mich., Combination
Tool ; all rights for one half of U. S.
#6,000.

Gustave otto inventor, to the National
Capsule Co., of N. J., Capsule Machine ;
all rights foi U. S. #10,000.

.\udrew 1. .Smith inventor, to V. P
Mooney and others, of El Dorado, Kans.,
Coinbiued Jack Driver aud Carpet
.Stretcher ; undivided three fourths of his
right. #3,000.

Albert Week inveutor, to the Amer-
ican and Automatic Knife and Novelity
Co., of Brooklyn, N. V., Pocket Knife;
all rights for U. S. #5,100.

James Weathers iuventor, to Norman
Woolton & W. K. Norris, of Washington,
D. C., Lifting Jack; all rights for state
of Georgia. #2,000,

The “White City” Fire.

The great fire at the Cold .Storage
Building was eclipsed in point of dam-
age by the recent great contlagration at
the Fair grounds. Fortunately the loss
of life was not so appalling as at the
holocaust of August. The recent fire,
the work of tramps it is believed, con-
sumed the Casino, Music Hall aud that
portion of the I'eristyle fronting on the
lake. The great Manufacturers Build-
ing was also damaged con.siderabl}- and
goods of exhiiiitors, packed in cases
ready for shipment, were damaged to
the extent of about #150,000.

Industrial Notes.

A vessel built entirely of aluminum
has been launched by the Frencli.

Wine is so plentiful in the south of
France it sells for one penny a quart.

The Hardware Merchants ic Manu-
facturers' .\ssociatien protests against
the passage of the Wilson bill.

President Nathaniel Wheeler, of the
3\'heeler & Wilson .Sewing Machine
Company, Bridgeport, died Jan. i, aged
74 years.

.\niericans have secured the pri'. ilege
of building an electric road between
Tokio and Yokohama, Japan, a dis-
tance of thirty miles.

The .\utoinatic Phonograph Exhibi-
tion Co., of New York, has gone into
the hands of a receiver. The assets are
stated to be #1,000 and the liabilities
#36,000.

Although an inland city the duties col-
lected on imports received during 1S93
at Chicago amounted to #8,289.222.52, a
sum larger than any of the seaboard
cities except New York.

The Southern Chapter of the .Ameri-
cau Institute of .Architects met in
Augusta, Ga., Jan. 9. M. J. Dimmock,
of Richmond, Ya., was elected presi-
dent for the ensuing period.

W. H. H. I’eterson, of Milwaukee.
Wis., has invented an electric railroad
system, which he thinks will fulfill the
requirements set forth in the recent
offer of #50.000 by the Metropolitan
Traction Company, of New A'ork.

Dun’s reports show that in 1893 there
was a decrease in the output of pig iron
of 38 per cent. Nearly half the woolen
mannfacturies w'ere idle in December
aud the sale of cotton goods one quarter
below the usual quautit}’. There were
16,650 failures reported in 1S93.

The production of the pottery indus-
try in the United States amounts to
about #10,000,000 and the capital in-
vested is a’oout the same. The United
States Potters’ Association met in
Washington Jauuarv 9 aud was at-
tended by representatives of the indus-
try from all over the United States.

A Phrginian proposes to settle the
problem of aerial nax igation by train-
ing wild geese to fly as directed, har-
nessed to a balloon that will of itself sus-
pend the weight of passengers bound
for any part of the country. He claims
to have already trained a flock to pro-
pel a wagon on land at the will of their
master.

In The H«««fl/of January

I it is stated, in the article on manufac-
turing in the .South, that the first iron
made in the Southern States was from a
furnace in A"ork county, S. C., erected
in 1772 by one Buffington. It is also
stated that the descendants of Buffington
figured in the iron business in after
v'ears and that a man by this name
built a small furnace at Ball Play, Mon-
roe county, Tenn., in 1849.

Adam M. Hutt, of .Stamford, Ontario,
has been granted a patent on a grave
vault on the following claim: “A la-
tent life safe or grave vault, consisting
of a hollow box, preferably of non-cor-
rosive material, placed on a hinged
shell and coffin in « grave, and having
a hinged cover, aud a hinged lid to the
cover, aud devices for opening the lid
by a slight upward pressure from the
occupant of a grave, if buried alive in a
state of coma, and having rungs or steps
by which to ascend out of the grave
upon return to consciousness.”

California Excursions.

The well known Phillips Plxeursion Com-
pany have arranged to run weekly excur-
sions to all principal California and other
Ppcitic Coast cities from all points on the
Baltimore & Ohio E. R. The parties will
leave the East on Wednesday of each week,
commencing .Tanuary 17th. and passengers
will be booked tlirough to destination.
There are no Pacific Coast tours offering as
good accommodations at le.ss exiiense. P'or
full information address A Pliillips ArCo..
No. in S. f)th Street, Piiiladelphia, or call
on nearest ticket agent B. A: O. E. E. Co.

-A C>ciinan ijrofo^ur lia- s iii' uted
pliotognijdi.-, electrically lul.c-n whii P
show a proj', ctilc in transit ami the ae -
lual air wai'e.s caused bv it in its flight.

Even in tliis scmi-trojjical elhnate tin-
bla.sts of winter are soinetiim-s se\erely
felt. (Jur electric and caiile ■. .ir dri'.'er.s
ought to Ijc ])rotected from liie .storms.
In Ohio it i.s against the law to exjtose
motormen and gripmen wliile at work.
It is a Ijeneficent .statute and -liould be-
in our District laws.

The life guard for all kinds of elec-
tric and grip cars seems to be impera-
tively called for and the inveifive genius
of this fast age should likewise produce-
a guard for the propelling current of
trolley cars which will do away with
the ratal objection to their introduction
ii’.to crowded cities.

An ingenious electrical apparatus ha.s
been devised which will indicate the
precise time that an earthquake shock
strikes a given locality. It consists of
a chronometer which is photographed
by the light of an electric lamp instan-
taneou.'^ly lighted by a current estab-
lished bv the shock. It is said it works
well.

If, as it has been said, the light of a
certain star takes 141 years to traverse
the distance to the earth, a sufficiently
powerful telescope on the surface of tlie
star would reveal at this time Benjamin
Franklin flying his kite to catch the
lightning in the fields at Philadelphia,
this event having taken all this time to
reacli the heavenly bodv.

A professor of electricity in Eugland
was called upon to prescribe for a ick
dynamo and after a careful examination
wrote out his prescription, which read
asfollows: "Dvister and broom.” where-
upon a member of the Institute of Elec-
trical Engineers. at a meeting recently
gave out that the ''most important ca-
pacity effect on a dynamo ts its capacity
to hold a charge of dirt.”

Prof. Nikola Tesla has designed a
steam engine to be used to generate al-
ternate currents, which is called a vibra-
tory steam engine, by which he claims
a mechanical efficiency of 99-4 percent,
instead of 82 per cent., which is the
present standard, and he claims that
twice as much electricity can be gen-
erated from a given amount of coal.
Truly a mar\-elous saving.

•A device for signalling from shore to
sea has been invented br- an English-
man. It is based on tlie veil known
principle that if a musical note is
sounded an object normally tuned to
send forth a similar note will be sym-
pathetically excited so as to respond if
it be within reach of the vibrations.
There are important practical results
depending upon the success of this iii-
ventiou.

Henry Goebel, the alleged iuventor of
the electric incandescent lamp, and
Prof. John Tyndall, the great English
scientist, have passed away since our
last issue. They were both renowned
for their scientific attainments and
especially fur researches in the field of
magnetism and electricity. Prof. Tvu-
dall’s investigations were not confined
to any particular branch of plrt'sics, but
he spent the greater part of his best
j-ears in the domain of electricity and
magnetism.

“ Tips to Inventors.”

This is one of the mosr instructive and
useful works J’or mechanics and inventors.
Its author is Robert Grimshaw, iM. E., aud
the hook, cloth hound, retails for .si. The
IXVKXTIVE .Age for one year and " Tips to
Inventors” will be sent to anv address for
81.50.

THE INVENTIVE AGE

CLASSIFIED list of Patents issued during the mouth appears iu each issue of the Inventive Age, which keeps inventors posted in the art in which they are

iiiostlv interested. The full address of any patentee, and number of parent found below sent to any address on receipt of one 2-cent stamp. We will

send, postpaid, to any address, printed copies of any U. S. patents, with specifications and drawings, upon receipt of 20 cents for one copy ; 35 cents for two
.copies; 50 cents for three copies. (See premium offer elsewhere iu this issue.) Addiess TIPH INVENTIVE AGE, 8th And II Sts., Washington, D. C.

list of Patents Issued January 2, 1894.

Apparatus for changin'; liquiils with carbonic acid.
Acid monamid. ^lechanical advertising appar-
citus. Agricultural machine. Air and water purfier.
Alarm. Ammeter and voltmeter. Aiichoi. Archi-
tectural decorative material. Autoharp Automatic
.->pi inkier. Awning-elevating attachment. Ax- helve.
Axle 2.

Bail for pots, pails, &c. Baking-pan. Baiing-press.

.Machine for baling trees. Ballot-box. Auto-
uiatic band-cutter. Battery. Spring bed. Betlstead
brace. Foldimj bedstead 2. Ai>paratns for and process
•if making carbonated beverages. Bicycle attachment.
Bicycle lantern holder. Bicycle saddle 2. Bicycle
•wheel mud guard. Billiartl cue tipping rack. Tem-
porary binder. Bit. Blast furnace. Making ehlorate
olasting j)o\v<!er Bb)ck. Board. Boat engaging and
liseniraging gear. Boiler. J:>team boiler attachment,
^steam boiler furnace. Boot aveiug macliine. Boring
brace. Bottle stopper Manufacture. of bottles. Box
fastener. Box or drawer. Method of and apparatus
for treatimr brewers’ grains. Brick kiln. Bridle bit.
Bath and llesh brush. Back band buckle. BuiMing
•block.

Cabinet maker’s clamp 2. Cable grip. Electric call.

<’uu capping machine. Can opener. Electric
alarm for cane feeders, l ar brake. Car eouplingS.
dar door 2. Ore car. Railway car safety guard. <'ar
seat. Antifiictiou sine bearing for cars. Apparatus
for heating railway cars, (hubon machine. Carbon
mold. Process of and apparatus tor carbureting air.
Carding engine. Carriage underworks. Blasting car-
tridge Cartridge shell battery. Cash carrier, ingot
casting mold. Core for casting radiator section.^. Ad-
justable catch plate or striker. Manufacture of cement.
Driving mechanism for centrifugal separators. Com-
bined cliair anti step ladder. Furnace cliill. Cider
iiress. Cigar box moistening tlevice b. Cigar bunch-
ing machine, l.dgar crimping and stamping macliine.
Cigarette machine 2. Clasp. Hairclipper, ii^hearing
clipiier.s. Hair clipping machine. Clock case. Elec-
tric chick. Clutch. Articles coated with metallic
alloys. Ctdlee flask. Coin contnilled ajiparatus. t.’oke
oven, rtlineial etdor 3. Building column, b'ombin-
ation lock. Concrete block with expautled metal rein-
force core. Converter. Conveyer trough. Corn cook-
ing machine. Cover forcans, Ac. Centrifugal cieamer2.
Orematory furnace. Heating kit forcurling irons, Ac.
Cycle tlriving and steering action.

D Automatic delineating machine. Coin controlled
machine for tlirowing dice. Dish cleaner. Ids-
Infectant. Liisplay case. Display hook. Jlitcliing
machine. .lail door bolt. Door check. l)oor hanger.
>li«lihg door luck. Door jilatt* holdei'. Door securer 2.
J^lidiiiL' th'or. Draft etpializer. Dredge fottt. Drill
jar. Holdfast f)r di iiliug or lioring inachines. Dust
collector. Blue black dye. Crimson azo dve. Appur-
-3tu.s for dyeing, Ac. Dyeing aitparatus.

EComl'Ined ear pi' rcer and ring- Electric circuit
controller. Tl•an^nlissioll of rapidly alternating
electric currents. Electric generator. Klectiic indi-
cator. Dynamo electric machine regulator. Electric
motor. Eh‘etiic switch. Electrieal connection 2.
Electro hydrocarbon engine. Elevator imlicator *2.
Endograph. Steam engine indicator. Journal bear-
ing for tile gum box rolls of envelope machines. Black-
board eraser. Exercising maebine.

Fare register. Frictional feed and driving mechan-
ism. Fence 2. Fliers for buihling wire fences.
Softening tibrous sheets. Letter and bill tile. Baper
file Filter 3. Oil lilter. Filtering macliiuery. Ap-
paratus for tiltering water, «!tc. Fire escape. Auto-
matic fire kindler. Fire plug. Flour bolt. Steam
boiler Hue cleaner. Fly screen. Fly trap. Staple
forceps. Freezer. Freiglit transferring device. Fruit
drier.

n, ame apparatu.s 2. Game board 3. G irbage rectqda-
O tie. Combination garment. Garment suiiiiorting
clasp. Gas iieater and germ destroyer. Gas heating
apjiaraeus. Diaiihragm gas meter. Machine for gen-
erating beveleil gear teeth. Gla-NS crimi'ing machine,
f'ut off governor. Grinding and polisliing machine.
Grindingaiul polishing* material, thin barrel jdstol
attachment. Uecoil check for wlieeled gun carriages.

Hame staple. Boning and manufacturing hams.

Combined sulky, harrow' and cultivator. Corn
harvester 2. Frame structure for self binding liar-
vesters. Grain conveying device for self-hiniling har-
vesters. Hatpin. Hawser and anchor chain fair leader.
Hay loader. Hay rake and loader. Iieater. Heating
apparatus. Heel nailing machine. Macliine for work-
ing hides or skins. Hinge for rules ami protractors.
Automatic hinge fur school seats. Hoisting block.
Hoisting machine. Differential hoisting tackle. Ve-
liicle holdback 2. Hoof trimmer. Artiffcial frog for
horses* feet. Device fur iireventing horses from run-
ning away. Horseshoe nail clincher. Jlaniifacturing
5iorseshoes of aluminium. Hose coupling. Hose
memler. Hot water In-ater. Hull band. Hynirocarbon
^jurner.

I Combine I ice crenm mold and cutter. Ice gruov-
I iiig machine. Indicator lock. Insect powder dis-
tributer *2. Insole. iSectiou iiiaiilator.

J ack 2. Roller journal bearing.

K Combination kitchen tool. Kiue protector.
Knitting machine.

Lace fastener. Machine for automatically feeding
lacing liooks to setting devices. Extension ladder
and truck. Fire ladder, .'sectional ladder. Gas lamp.
Bicycle lantern. Lasting machine 2. Latch- Metallic
lathing. Letter elevator. Lifting jack. Begulator
for continuous current arc light circuits. Linoleum
cutting apparatus. Electric locomotive. Electric loco-
motive for elevated tracks. Locomotive tender box
lid. Log hauling locomotive. Loom batten. Loom
for w’eaving pile and other figured fabrics. L-iom har-
mless evener mechanism. Loom Jacquard mechanism.
Loom pile wire. Low pressure alarm.

ail marking machine. 3Iatch splint coiling or
winding machine. Matrix moulding and dry-
ing apparatus. 31attress former and press. Mechani-
cal movement. Medical case. Tubular metel post.
Apparatus for draw'ing metal tubes. Uniting metallic

sheets. Middlings purfler. Milk can. Mining drill.
Mitering machine. Air moistening and ventilating
apparatus. Mold. Lawn mower attachment. Mow-
ing machine. Match splint cutting machine.

Nail set. Extracting nickel Irom its oxides. Nut
locking device, belf locking nut. Nut wrench.

OApjiaratus for atomizing petroleum oil for vapor
fuel. Gre pulverizer, gold saver and mineral
concentrator. Gleaning and amalgamating ores. Me-
tliod of and ai)parHtus for the treatment of ores. Pro-
cess ot and apparatus for roasting ores.

Partition, plaster boards. I’iano. Biauo mute. I’iano-
forte action. I’ipe coupling, lead. Pipe banger.
Pipe testing apparatus, gas. Pipes, covering wire, Ac.,
apparatus for* manufacturing. Plane, bench. Plane,
rabbeting. IdhUtcr or fertilizer distributer, setd.
Paper box. Paper cutting machines, i’aper, wrapping
or toilet. Parchment fabrics, making vegetable.
Planter, seed. Plastic compound and making same.
I'latiug metallic suifaces witli silver, comi)ositi«in of
matter for. Pliers. Pneumatic brake. l'<icket bi'ok
and satchel lock, conibined. Power, electrical trans-
mission of. i’recious metals out of tlieir solutnuis,
precipitating. Press. Piinting machinery, apparatus
for cleaning tlie forms of rotary. Propeller, buoyant
screw. Propeller rail, canal boat. Propeller, steering.
Proi»elIing ai>paratus. ihopelling ilevice 2. I’ulley
blocks, convertible bearing for screw. Pump and
faucet, beer. Pump, oilcan. Pumping engine. Pusli
button. Puzzle 2.

^^iiartz mill.

Radiator 2. Kadialor luojis. machine fur milling and
tapping. Radiator, steam. Rail brake. Raihvay
frog. Railway signal, electrically controlled 3. Rail-
way signaling, interlocking lever for. Railway siiecial
work, street. Railway switch, inti-rlockiug. Railway
weed mower. Raisin seeder. Razor, safety. Refrig-
erating ajtparatus *2. Road making and re]iairing ma-
chine. Roads, streets, Ac., and blocks tlierefor, con-
structing. Rock diill. Ruck <lrill tripod. liolling
mills, automatic stop for. Roofing 2. Rope hauling
machine. Rotary engine. Roundabout.

Saccharine solutions, purification and decoloration of.

bafe. Saw mill, [land , Saw mill dog. Sawmill,
variable frictional feed for. Scale, antuiiiatic weighing.
Scale, letter weiglung. Scale, i)latforni. Scrilier,
curve. Screw' head slotter. Screw making machines 2.
Seams upon metal sheets, tools for forming lock. Seat.
Secondary battery. Seeder. Sewing looped fabrics,
machine for. Sewing macliine. Sewing machine
fabric folding attachment. Sewing maebine pre^ser
foot mechanism. Sewing machine thread gripping de-
vice. shingle, metal roofing. Slmvel. S'ieve scalpor.
Slat fastener. Slate dressing machine. Sled. Sleigh.
Smoke abating furnace. Smoke conveyer. Smoothing
and pressing iron Snow' guard 2. Soda water, foun
tain for the distribution of. Soldering imn, self heat-
ing. Spark airesterand ejector, combined. Spinning
fibroiLS materials, apparatus for. Sprinkler. Square,
self registering try. Stamping ami punching machine.
Station indicatoiL Stay, dress. Stay pocket, dress,
.•^team engine 3. Steam trap. Stock rake. Stone
crusher, ^tune cutting saw'. Stone setting band.
Stool, milking. Storage battery system of ‘U&tribution 2.
Stove lid or cover mold. Stove or heater, gas. Strainer.
Street sweeper. Sugar, manufacturing. (Surgical),
appliance for treatment of the uterus. Suspending de-
vice 2. Switch stand and switch operating mechanism.
Syringe.

Tablet for physicians, Ac. Tags, cards, Ax., device
for counting and separating. Telegraph key,
self closing. Tcdephoiie exchange system 2. Telephone
registering apparatus. Telephone ttan.siiiitter. Tele-
plione and niuUiide teleidrapic transmission, cumi»usite.
Tetranitro antlirachrysone Thrasiiing machine. Tie
jilate. Timepiece escaiieinent. ’fin fium tin-plate
scrap, removing. Tin from tin scrap, Ac., removing.
Tire, bicycle. Tire for bicycle, jinenmatic 3. Tire,
rubber. Tobacco cutter. Tobacco, ma< hine tor mak-
ing plug. Tooth powder box. Transom lifter. Traiis-
plaiiter. Trap. Triturating and emulsifying maebine.
Trolley. Trolley catcher. Trolley nicxhani.'m for
electrically propelled vehicles. Trolley wiie support.
Trolley wire switch, ovcihead. Trousers. Truck 2'
Tunnels, method of and apparatus for driving. Turret
tool machine. Tyi>ewriter copy holder. Tvpewriting
machine 2.

Valve gear, steam engine. Valve, hydraulic pressure
reducing. Valve mechanism tor compound en-
gines. Valve niechani.sm fur water heaters, automatic
gas. Valve, triple. Valve, machine for reaming and
tajiping. Vehicle body. Vehicle brake. Vehicle top.
Velocipede shaft l>eariiigs. Vending apparatus. Veneers
and apparatus tfierefore, manufacture of. Ve.ssels,
method and means of closing.

Wagon brake. Wagon seat. Waistband and
trousers. Warping machine cdectric stop mo-
tion. Washboard. Washbuiler. Watch dial. Watch
dials, machine for enameling the fac'.s of. Water
cooler ami refrigerator. Water heater. Water imrifier
and heater. Water tube boiler. Well ai»i)aratus, ar-
tesian. Well drilling machine. Wlieel making ma-
chine Wheel of fortune, coin controlled. Whiffle-
tree jilate. Wliip 2. Wick trimmer. Wind engine.
Wind wheel. Wiper and oiler for piston and brake
rods. Wire covering maebine. Wire reel. Wood em-
bossing machine. Wood shredding machine. Wrap-
per holder. Wrench.

Yoke. neck.

List of Patents IssiieilJaiiiiary 9, 1894.

A .Machine for attaching addre.ss labels. Refining
asphalt 2. Auger handle. Post hole auger. Au-
tomatic lubricator. Awning. Axle cutting machine.

Bale tie machine. Baling press. Parachute sail for
balloons. Bandage. Shipping basket. Batteiy
Antifriction bearing. Bell for doors, tables, Ac. Bend-
ing machine. Bicycle. Support for bicycle seat posts.
Bicycle sjieed gearing. Bicycle stand 2. i\Ieaiis for
adjusting the driving chains of safety bicycles, tricycles
or other velocipedes. Billiard ball. Boiler covering.
Steam boiler furnace. Device for cutting boiler tubes.

Boot or shoe. Bottle, Ac. Buttle shaping implement.
Bottle stopper. Idachino for wiring corks in buttles.
Bottling machine. Bo.x fastener. Box Lr cigars or
other aiticles. Convertible box or coop. Apparatus
for drying brewers’ grains. Brick kiln. Broom holder
Brush. Buttonhole cutter.

Camera shutter. Gan fluxing mechanism. Canning
machiuery. Combined car and pipe coupling.
Car brake 2. Railway car brake beam. Carcoupliiig 8.
Car door fastener. Railway car draw bar. Car loader.
Car safety stop. Car sand box. Railway car seat.
Tank car. Vestibule car. Metallic dratt sill for cars,
i.'ardiiig machine feeding device. Rubbing apron for
canling machines. Caipet stretcher. Carpet stretcher
and tacker. Carriagejump seat. Motor ilriven cash
register and check printer. Cash register, indicator
and recorder 2. Cattle guard. Combined cliart stand
and easel. Chest hanging, (.'liimney. Sectional ven-
tilating chimney. Lathe chuck. Churn 2. Cloth
pressing machine. Clutch. Stop cock. Device for
blowing out sjiarks on roirmutators of dynamos. Com-
pound engine. Concrete mixing null. Conveying ap-
paratus. Steam cooker. Device for carrying off o<lors
from cooking vessels. Cu[»yiiig press. Itlachine for
making founders’ cores. Cum cutting and shocking
macliiim. Corn linsker 2. Combined beater and carder
for cotton gins. ('r<ink pin. Cross head. Cultivator.
Cultivator or plow guide. Cultivator tooth. Pulver-
izing attachment tor cultivators, b’urling iron,

Die press. Display envelope. Door securer. Draw-
ing rolls for niacliii.es fur working fibrous mate-
rials. l>rier. Drill piess. Drilling maebine. J’ort-
able and variable shafting for drilling machines. Blue
dye. Alternating current dynamo. Conaecliuii be-
tween separately e.xcited dynamos and their exciters.

Electric cut out. Sjiark regulator fur dynamo elec-
tric machines. Electi ic sw.tcli. Electrical trans-
f rmer or converter. Sei-ondary battery electrode.
Electrolytic apparatus. Electrolytic diaphragm. 3Ja-
chiue fur inaking combined envelopes and note sheets.

Fan. Fanuingmill. Metallic fastener 2. Feed me"
chanism. Feed trough. Feed water heater. Me*
tallic fence post. C.iip wire fence tool. File. Strainer
for granular filter beds. Filter strainer. Fire alarm
attacliment. Fire escape. Automatic chemical fire
extinguisher. Apparatus fur mixing ff*-\ir of different
grades. Fluid tank. Folding seat. Fruit jar. Fruit
or berry box. Furnace for lieating or working metals
electrically.

Game apparatus 2. Chasing game. Parlor game
table. Garment supporter. (Jock mechanism
for operating gas cocks. Ga.s manufacturing ajtpara-
tiis. Gate. iRu)U|)ie gearing. Glass furnace. Treat-
ing gold and silver ores. Engine governor. Grain
spout swivel support. Munutactuie of artihcial granite
and veneering stone. Orate 2. Tool grinder. Secur-
ing gun barrels to stocks. Uecoil operated gun.

Halter. Hammock holder. Beet harvester. Corn
harvester 2. Elevator hatchway. Hay press.
Water heating apparatus.' Histological case. Hoisting
mechanism. Horse cover fastening. Horseshoe fas-
tening. Hub attacliing device. Vehicle hub. Hull-
ing machine.

Ice creeper. Igniting device for gas or lamp hurners.

Incubator. Ink fountain. Self feeding inkstand.
Insulated conductor. Folding ironing table.

Jack for snpportin : or bracing excavators, Ac. Jew-
eling tool. Jockey iilate. Journal bearing lu-
bricator.

Key fastener. Kiln for bakingeartbeiiware. Kitchen
table. Knitting machine stop motion.

L Scuttle ladder. Double carbon arc lamj). Du-
l)lex arc lamp. Electric arc lamp 2. Electric in-
candescent lamp 3. Lamp sliade Incandescent lamp
socket. Lard cooler. Latlie attacliment. Lathe tool
for turning ai'il finishing gas fittings, Ac. Turning
lathe. House letter box. Producing illuminated let
ters. Liquid agitating and di.scliarging apparatus.
Lister, cultivator, and planter. Locomotive draw bar.
Luconiotive or car rephu:er. Swivel loom 2.

M Electro magnet. Coil for electro magnets. Dlail
box. Apparatus for the production of malt
liquors. Maniiuro implement. l)evice for maiking
off Corn rows. Speed and distance measuring and re-
cording apparatus. Meat cutter. Metal capping liead.
Machine for milling and tapping metal. liletronome.
Idillingcutter. 31ix{ng macliine. Mold. Monument.
Mop. Mop head. Mordanting fabrics. Motor. Wind
musical instrument.

Oil can. Treating ores. Grgaii. Baker’s oven.

Overliead switch. Apparatu.s for producing* ozone
by electricity.

PKnockdf)wn adjustable jiacking case. Piston rod
packing. Paiutiiig surfaces. Panoramic roll
holder camera. Apparatus for drying printed or varn-
ished pajier. ^lachiiie for making paper box blanks.
Paprr drying apparatu.s. Wire cloth for paper ma-
cbine.s. Pavement 4. Peanut sbeller and separator.
Pedal crank. I’eii. Fountain jien Holder for pens,
bru^hes, Ac. Permutation lock. Background carrier
fur photographers. Photographic camera shutter 2.
Pipe coupling. Rotary cylinder ])lauer. Planter.
Corn planter 2. Potato planter. Plow. Plow' holder
attachmeut. Pneumatic jack. Pocket book. Portable
motor. Potato digger. Printing macliine. Pruiieller
w’beel. Hydraulic iiropulsioii of vessels. Pulverizing
machine. Pump 2. Pump attacliment for windmills.
Compressor pump. Hydraulic air pump. Measuring
pump. Puzzle or solitaire game,

^^uarryiiig tool.

Rail joint. Railw'ay, closed conduit Railway cross
tie. Railway crossing, automatic. Railway cross-
ing, street. Railway current collector, electric. Rail-
way rails in paved streets, laying. Railway signal 2.
Railway signaling apparatus, electric. Razor. Re-
flector for electric lamps. Relay. Rolling mills, bar
piling mechanism for. Roof covering and manufacture
thereof, waterproof. Rope, jumping. Roundabout,
observation.

Sash anil blind fastener. Sash and screen, combined
balanced window. Sash fastener 4. Saw jointer.
Sawmill dog, duplex. Saw mitering device. Sawing
machine. Scissors. Screws and separating them from

turnings, apparatus for sorting. Seal. Seal lock. Se-
condary battery. Sewing macliine shuttle, Shafling, stop
mechanism for. Shafts, securing crank arms to. Sheet
metal working machine. Ship’s log. American dis-
trict electric, signal apparatus. Skate sharpening de-
vice. Sliding gate. Smokestacks or chimneys, appar-
atus for producing draft in. Snow melting apparatus.
Soap powder, Ac., package for. Soil working machine.
Spectacle leiise.s grinding. Sprinkler 2, Square, told-
iug. Stable or harness room cabinet. Stamp, time and
dating. Staple inserting and clinching machine.
Starching apparatus, clothes. Steam engine, ^team
or baking pan. Steam trap. Stone dressing machine.
Stove, oil. Stove or furnace magazine. Stoves, gas
heating attachment for solid fuel. Stiaw burning boiler.
Straw' stacker. Street sweeper.

Tackles, automatic locking di'vice for. Tag, mark-
ing. Telegrapli, jirinting. Telephone call re-
cordtT. Telephone switchboards, apparatus for 2.
Telephones, time indicator attachment for. Tiiillsup-
poit2. Ticket, railway transfer. Tiles, laying. Time
recorder, workman’s. Tire, pneumatic 2. Tire rivet-
ing machine, wheel. Tire setter. Tires, valve for
pneumatic. Toboggan slide, reversilile. Tool for
handling small metallic article.s. Tooth or bone cutter
Toy, dancing. Transom lifter. Tricycle. Trolley cut.
out. Tumbling barrel. Type, holder plate for. Type
writing machine. Tyjie writing machines, ribbon re-
versing meclianism for.

^ rinal.

Valve, automatic air. Valve controller, electric.

Valve for compressor and blow iug engines. Valve
operating mechanism. Vault cover, ventilating and
illuminating. Vehicle, electrically propelled. Vehi-
cle spring 2. Velocipede pedal. Vise, bench. Vol-
taic cells, depolarizer for.

Wagon, hunting. Wardrobe. Washboard. Wash-
ing machine 2. Watch. Watchmaker’s latlies,
wheel cutting fixture for. atch protector. Water
meter, proportional. Weather strip machine. Weld-
ing metal, apjutratus for electi ically . Wheel 2. Wiud-
milL Windmill regulator. Wine iiress. Wire grip-
ping and stretching tool. Wire stretcher. Wrench.

Zinc, jtreparing solutions carrying salts of. Zinc,
producing metallic.

List of Patents IssiieO January 16, 1894-

Abdominal supporter. Portable advertising device.

Air-cooling apparatus. Aiiparalus lor heating
compressed airfur power purposes. Aie-diawing device.
Making alkali salts. Manufai taring aUimiiiiuni 2.
Making aluminium compoumD. Amalgamator. .\le
bo.x. ( 'ar axle dust guard and oil saver. Veliicle axle.

Baling jiress. Band cutter. Banei. Device for di-
recting hoops on barrels. Bath tub. Making sec-
ondary battiTV plates. Folding bed. Bedclutlies fast-
ener. I’ulding bedstead. Bolt tightener and shifter.
Bicycle lock. Bicycle saddle. Blasting rock. Centri-
fugal blower. Amoiuatic boiler feed. Boiler feeding
apparatus. 8itam bolster fiame. Combined book and
inde.v. Indexed book. Book mark Book stapling
macliim'. Bottle protector. Stojiper for bottles, jars, Ac,
ButtouhiJe boinpiet holder. Box fastening. Brick
kiln. Brick kiln furnace. Machine for ma’icing biidle
bits. Broom oi brush. Broom rest. Bung.

C Secret compartment for cabinets, Ac. Caide grip.

(’ombined cane and camera tripod. Apparatus for
filling cans and cooking the contents thereof. Appara-
tus for plugging and topping tomatoes, Ac,, iu cans,
iiiixct bail attacliment tor cans. 3Jeaus for transmit-
ting power from car axles. Car body bolster. Car brake
liaiidle. Railway car brake, (’ar construction. Car
<'ou]»liiig. Car draw bar. Raihvay car draw gear.
Freiglit car. .Street car signal liglit. Cable car trans-
fer device. Car wheel. Pattern for making car wheels.
Road cart. Cash register, (.'ash register, indicator, and
check printer. Furniture caster. Forming molds for
casting car wheels. Mold for casting metals. Pivoted
catch. Chain making machine. Treating* checks to
prevent fiauduleiit alteration thereof, (.'iiimiiey cap.
Portable fireproof chimney. (Jiiurn duslier. Clapboard
or siding stiiii for houses. Plow' clevis. Alarm clock.
Pinlesss <*lotlie.s line. Clutch 3. Apparatus for hand-
ling coal in bulk. Stop cock. Coffee put percolator.
Coin separator and deliverer. Collar fastener. Com-
mutator and connection for dynamos. Apparatus for
ejecting core barrels. Corset, Cotton press. Crank
arm fastening. Shipping crate. ^Uiltivator. Cultiva-
tor trip device. Automatic rain water cut off and filter.
Cy<*loinetei*

DJ’nqiat ing decorating mixtures. I uflatable decoy .

Coin or clieck controlled delivery apparatus. Den-
tal forceps. Dental mold for teeth. Dish cleaner.
Rack fur displaying samples of paint. Sliding door lock.
Draft equalizer. Dredge boom. Dredging or excava-
ting apparatus. Dre.ss hook. Dust cloth holder or pic-
ture hanger. Dyeing apiiaratus 2.

Ear ring. Device for transferring earth, ores, and Ac.

(Niiitinuous electric current distributing system.
Electric heater. Dynamo electric machine oi* motor.
Automatic regulator for dynamo electric machines.
Electric search light. Electiic switch. Automatic elec-
tro magnetic switch. Elevatorcuntrolling device. Ele-
vator gate operating device. Embroidery hoop holder.
Engraving machine. Envelope. Excavating bucket.
Excavating or dredging bucket.

Fabric treating appatatus. Ceiling fan motor. Self
adjusting feed mechanism. Fe(?d water heater.
Combined fc'ed water Iieater and reeiver. Automath-
feed water regulator. Fence. Hand fence machine.
Wire fence. Twisting tool for fence wire. Fertilizer
distributing feed. Fiber separating machine. Vehicle
fifth wheol. Filter, Finger ring. Fire escape. Port-
able fire escaiie. Fire extinguisher. Automatic fire
extinguisher for oil rooms. Fish hook guard. Fishing
tackle case. Fork. Friction wheel Fruit box or crate.
Furnace grate. Furniture clamp.

G Apparatus for the manufacture of gas. Oil gas
burner. Gas forcing plant Gear for diiving
small inachines. Gill box conductor or funnel. GlasB
melting furnace 2. Gold separator. Grain binder kiiot-
ter. Grain drill. Sickle grinder. Grinding mill.
Pocket guide and compass.

Hair trimming shears, Harrow. Corn hai-vester 2.

Hat fastening device. Hay loader. Heating
apprratus, hot water. Hides, apparatus for electrolyti-

IN VE^N'riVK AGE

•ji »

VV(“ will solid your olioico of :i!i.\ oiio ol' 1 li<“ lol lo\> -
iiij>' valualilo ]>iil>lioat ions, to^'ol Imm- u itii 'I'lio
Iiivoiili\(‘ Aj»o Olio .M* *ar, lor sl/i."*.

The A B C of Electricity, by W. H. Meadowcraft. Dynamo and Electric Motors, illustrated, by Trevert.. Practical Treatise on Electro-],)latia bv - .m ■

Treatise on the lucaudesceut Lamp, by Randall. Alternate Current Machinery, by (filbert Kapp. Steam Boiler Explosions, by Zerah Colburn. Nf-ntib','
ings, b}’ W. F. Butler; edited and enlarged by J. L. (freenleaf. On the Designing and Construction of Stora.ge Reservoirs, by Arthur Jacob, A. B. A Tr a'i , '.n, j,. -

pound Engine, by John Turnbull, Jr.: with additions by Prof. S. W. Robinson. Safety Valves, by Richard II. Buel, C. E. A Practical Treatise on the Teeiii in Wli"-'' irli
the Theory of the use ofRobinson's Odontograph, by Prof. vS. VV. Robinson. On Transmission of Power by Wire Ropes, by Albert W. Stahl. Terre.-irial '.la.-'m-u-in
Iron Ships, by Prof. F'airmau Rogers. Cable hlaking for ,Suspension Bridges, as exemplified in the construction of the East Ri\ er Bridge, by Wilh Ini llib'.' :.sra:;i: U. . .
A Hand-book of the Electro-magnetic Telegraph, by A. E. Loring, a Practical Telegrapher. Transmission ofPower by Compressed Air, Ijy Robert /.ahuvi.M.E. Tu . -
bine Wheels, by Prof. W. P. Trowbridge. The Telescope: its Construction, etc., by Thomas Nolan. Induction Coils: How Made and How fsL-d. Tlv Tf' ory ^if the
Gas Engine, by Dugald Clerk. Electro-magnets, by Th. du Moncel. Dynamo-electric Machinery, by .S. P. Thompson. Dynamo Electricity, by Joim 11 ■; /.mcon,

A. Schoolbred and R. E. Day. Recent Progress in Dynamo-electric IMachiiies, being a Supplement to Dynamo-Electric Machinery, by Prof. Silvan.;- P. Tho:n]i-.'o:. .
The Steam Pingiue Indicator and its Use, by W, B. Levan. Hand-book of Mineralogy ; Determination and Description of Minerals found in the (biit'-d Suites, b_.
Prof. J. C. Eoye. Modern Gun Cotton : Its Manufacture, Properties and Analysis, bv Lt. fohn P. Wisser, U. S. A.

cjilly treating raw liiiles. lliiuif UnrsesiiDc. Hot
water circulating ai'i'aratus. Hulling coltec or lor
Dtlier purpDSf's, maciiiiic for 2.

Inhaler, electric. Insulator, trolley wi-v. Iron [ilatf
pickling apparatn:^. Ironing table toMing frame.

Jail grate. Journal beariiig;^, ad.iusting device for.
Journal boxes, means for setting nj).

Key setting machine. Kitchen cabinet. Knit gai-
ineiit.

Ladder, fohling. Laiui), electric are. Lamps, ineuiis
for adjn.'^ting electr ic. Lamps, suspension ring for
harps for banging, laith, sheatliing. Lathe dog.
Leak stopper. Leather shaving machine*. Letters,
manufactur e of sign. Life buoy, marine. Life saving
device for tramways. Linotyi'e and liolder therefor,
l urved. Loading wagons w ith gravel, sand, Ax , appa-
ratus for. Locks, automatic locking mechanism for
peimutatitui. Loom w ire heddle.

Magnets, machine for wimling electro. ^lail ba.u
crane Mail box. Mash macliiue. Match box
holder. ^Measuring ves.sel. Meats, preserving. Me-
< hanical motor. Mechanical movement, idilkiiigma-
rhine, cow. Mop wringer 2. iMotur generator. Slow-
ing machine cutter bar. IMuller for grinding or amal-
gamaliijg mills.

Needle blank grooving and punching machine. Xut
I lacker and pick.

Oil extractor. Oil, fuel. Oiling device, trolley.

Ordnance breech mechanism. Onl nance siglit.
Ore conci'iitrator or mineral saving machine. Oriia-
menf for I'icture, mirror, or other frames.

Pa( king valve stems. Paillock, pennutatitin 2. l*a
per bobbin. Paju'r folder. Paper waxing or C(.>at*
ing machiiii*. Parcel or book earlier. Pi'ii fountain
attachment. Pencil, maga/iiie lead. Phosi'liate rock,
apparatus for treating. Photographic plate holder.
I'ickliiig tank, Pi.ston rods electrically, api»aratns to
control the strokes of. 1‘laner, sliding. Planter and
dlstiibntor. Planter, check row corn. Plow. Pneu-
ijiatic elevatoi' Polyi'antograph 2. Precipitates, ves-
sels for eollectiiig. I'lesses, means for pressure* limiting
in. Pressure gage registei'. Printei's* plates, inachiiie
for trimming. Proof ja-ess, pi intei-s'. Projieller wheel.
Pug mill mixer. Pulley l)lork Pulp compre.ssiiig ma-
chine. Pumis tUiid. Pump for water systems. Pump,
hydraulic air. Pump, >inking. Pump, vacuum.
Puncliing machines, Ac., appai-,itn> f(.>r fee<ling j'Uite>
or bars to. Puttying tool.

Raek. liail bending pres,s. Uail joint J. Kail joint
or coupling. Railway battery system, electric.
Riiihvay signal. Railway switch. Railway track,
Uaihvay track jack. Uailway track lifti'r, adjustable.
Railway tracks, preventing tlie creeping of rails on.
Railway tnJley, electric 2. Railway^, rail l>ond con-
nector for electiie. Respirator bolding ring. Kings,
luanufactui ing (•rnainented. Rul'c ealeh, tire e.scape,
and climbing apparatus, antoinatie. Ibipe. skii)iiing.
liotary engine. Roumlabont.

Sash fastener.^ isawing inaehim*, woud. Screw cut-
ting die. Srews, nianuiacture of. SeainlesvS fig-
ured fabric. Secondaiy battery. l?ectional boiler.
Seed cleaner. Sew ing maehine. Sewing nuiehine, shoe,
Sewing machine trimmer, ^hadt forming and cutting
die. Shelf bracket, ^hoe and making same. Sieves,
transporter for fiat. Signaling system, lluid i»ressure.
Sinks, outlet connection for st(‘el Slag, apjtaratus for
removing. Smoke coiisiuner 2 Soda w ater dispensing
appaiatus. Sj'eed indicator for >hafting. Sprocket
wheel, ^tacking frame. Mamp, time. Steam to boilers
and heating feed water, apparatus for returning exhaust.
Stove. Street sweeper. Suekerrod elev;itor and wrench.
Sulky. (Surgical), devici* for riM tifying tlie uterus.
Switcliboard.

Table leg fastening 'ranning apparatus. Teeth seji-
arator. Telegraph, sextuplex. Tent Thill ciaiji-
ling 2 Ticket, railway mileage. Time' interval clam]'
or brake, electrical liiuiting. Tire, pneumatic. To-
bai’co box claiiijiing macliine, I'ue weight. Tongue
suppoi't. Tool handle. Tool holder. Tootli crown,
artificial 2. Track sanding apparatus. Truck, car.
'Pruck, hand. Trunk. Trunk, com)>ination. Tubular
and sectional boiler. Type, hinder or tie u]i for pages of.

^Jmhrella cover, detachable J.

Vacuum api'aratus. Valve, aiitomaTic )>alanced steam
regulating. Valve gear. Valve, liydranlic eleva-
tor Valves for air l.uake hose coui'lings, device for open-
ing or clo.'*ing. Vehicle. Veliicle running gear. Ve-
liicle, two wheeled. Velociiiede, ice. Vclocii'ede pedal.
N’elocipede. treadle 3. Vending machine for stainjis and
euveloiH*.'. Voltaic cells, excitant tor. Voting ma-
ehine 2.

Wa.shing machine J. Watchcase pendant and how
fastener. Watclimaker’s tool. Water closet
s<*at. Water meter, compound intermittent. Wheel
rim and tire. Whilfi«tiee 2. ^\'iek lifter. Wind or
current operated w lieel. Wind wheel. Winding yarn,
machinery or ap]'aratus for. Wire hrnslu's. method cl
and macliiue for making. Win* reel. Wire tension
device, s]'licer, and stretcher, eonihined. Woodworkiiiii'
machine. Wrench.

^^uke center, neck.

.Tosepli Alien Miiitinii's famous V)ook
‘ ' The 111 veiitoi's Fiieiid,” imlorsed by sucli
high auliioiitiesas Dr. Gatling, Clem Stmle-
haker and others, and the Inventive Age
one year for SL'2ri. IDok alone oO cents.

»v

i 1

i

|r:l

1 fei

M

A NEW FEATURE.

The; Inve;ntivh Age is distinctively
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SALE. — A very valuable Parafline Paper
Machim* for sale. Letters Patent No. 367-

HSi). Address “Andrews." care Inventive Age.
Washington. I). C.

COR SALE. I have a half interest in Cana-
■ dian Patt*iit No. 42.3UJS: Patented March 10,
1S03, “Imiirovemeiit in Washing Machine."
Will sell the entire Patent reasonable. G. W.
Suwves. TerraL I. T.

pOR SALE. Improvement in Railway Seat.
■ patented Jan. 18')4. For information ad-
dress Dr. E. B. Cushing-, Laconia. N. H.

pOR SALE. Manufacturers and capitalists
* who wi^ h to buy a patent of merit — a "F ruit
Drier." — sim^ile: can be made cheap. Address
Mrs. Jennii* P. Duval. Richmond, Mo.

pOR SALE. — The Patent just issued for a
* combined sitting and standing desk; or the
right to manufacture on royally. This deskis
most compact and- convenient, giving double
the room of any other in the same space and en-
abling any one using it to change at will from
a silting to a standing position and back ag-ain.
which promotes dispatch of business and ini-
jjroves the health of the sedentary. Address
Archibald Hopkins, 1S20 Mass. Av^. Washing-
ton. D. C.

pOR SALE. — I^Iy valuable Patent No. 512,359*
* "Washing’ Machine." It was exhibited at
the World's Fair and model is now at the Pat-
ent Office. Washington. It is suitable for
washing- carpets as well as lig’ht linen. I'hillip
Buch. City Hospital, Akron. Ohio.

\^ANTED A purchaser for my Adjustable
Piano Pedal. It is practicable, orna-
mental and a necessit}' f(.»r young pupils; has
been tried and highly recommended by com-
petent judges. Will sell State or entire right.
Address F. E. Olmstead. “The DrexeL" Den-
ver. Colo.

pOR SALE -Patent No. 505. OU). Imprtived
Fruit P2vaporator or Drier. Will sell out-
right. It has been tried and pronounced a suc-
cess and can be manufactured very easily.
Have a complete machine on hand. Address
A. Jones. Pratt and President Sts.. Baltimore.
Marvland.

pOR SALE — I*atent No. 441.4t)2. Double Acting
^ Lift and Force Pump. Promoters of new
enterprises and manufacturers sliould e.xamine
the patent and models of this improvement in
pumps. It has been examined by first-class
mechanics, pump experts and engineers, who
claim it to be the best pump they ever saw. For
further information call upon or address S. L.
Kauffman, Kinzer. Pa.

pOR SALE — Patent No. 509,487. Post-H(.)le Dig--
^ g-er. Can be manufactured at small cost;
will dig any size hole. Tlii>. is undoubtedly the
best digger ever patented. For particulars ad-
dress H. Paulson, Sunnier. Wash.

pOR SALE Patent No. 512.573. Device ft>r
■ Marking- off Cornrows; an excellent inven-
tion. For particulars write to H. I). Ayres,
Kerfoot. Va.

pOR SALE State rights for my new “Rock-

* .ing Churn;" chanipiun of the world. State
of Kansas sold for 53.000. Canvassers wanted
to sell State and couiitv rights. Commission
liberal. Address C<.)L Gei.i. H. Smith. Webster.
W. Va.

C>ARQAIN To manufacturers and capitalists
wlio wish to work on royalty: Patent No.
4.s2.1(''L Evelelh's Portable Wagon Loader — a
popular machine with cattle feeders, farmers
and road districts. Address J. E. Eveleth.
Sali.x. Iowa.

SALE Ihitent Nti. 420.t>4i). "Railway
Track Cleaner." more particularly as ap-

plio<l lo locoinoi j V*-'., Ad<l!-*--* A UL-u^t ii - Da..

(3 Slat*- St,. Drtroil. Mich.

BUSINESS SPECIALS.

.\d \ i*rt ist-nieii t s uruU-r ihi- In-adlng 15 ci-ni.'.
lim* u.icli in''t*rtioii s»*vi-n w**r(N in tin- lim-.
Partivs di'siring to jiurclia'^c \aluabk- ])ai»-nt<
or wanting l»» man ufaciur** jHiicnii-d ariich-^
will find this a valuable ad \ t-rii-^i ng mt*diiini.

\VANTED To g-i*t in c*»rr
some manufacturer will;
my iineiition. Patent No. 5
curer." manu fact urt-d. Add r
(rleiidale. Montana.

'es]><)n(U*nCe witli
j a \ ii* w to li :i\ i Mg'
:i2.2Ls. “1)0(0’ Se-
c-'S John Hhina.

\^^ANTED To correspond witli
has a good invention one «
and useful. 1 havi* a little ni*)ne
a g-ood thing-. Nothing frividous
dress “D." care Inventive Age.
D. C.

"orne (HU- wlio
hat i" "inipK*
y t«» in \ e-t in
desired. Ad-
W ashi iig-ton ,

\VANTED - A thoroughly

’ ' 1 ' i n t

reliable and effi-
cient advertising man in every larg’i*
manufacturing- city in the country. Mu>t haw*
goiTl recommendations. Add ^es•“^ The I n \ en-
tice Age. Washing-ton. 1). C.

”V\/ANTED Correspondi'iice with some man
witli cai»iluL to intr<,duce sornetliing neU'
in the steam etig-ine line. Patent secure and
the first engine built, of two-horse power. -\d-
dres^i Arthur L. Davis. 316 Mai’kei Si.. Nt-wark.
N. J.

"l^^ANTED I desire the

address <.f buyers of
Canadian Patents. I intend to take out
jiateiit for tlie United States if I succeed in sell-
ing- Canadian patent. Address W. E. Bishop.
Cyleofurd, Nova Scotia.

ANTED — Competent ag-eiiis and

^ » 1 11 r<.«rc

nianufac-

turers to sell and manufacture my Flood
Fence. Frank Winters, of Whitt* Hall. 111.,
has Control of the territory- east of the Missis-
sippi. For particulars addrt*>s W. W. Kiiig-^
Bo.x 2!>. Lewistown. M«>.

NOVELTY MANUFACTURERS’ DIRECTORY.

GOnI)Xt)W & WiGHTMAX.

(iff .SiuIlniTv .“'t., Boston. Mas.s.

Ives, Blakesi.ke & Co.,

“294 Broadway, Xetr York City..

DOJIESTIG M AXrFACTUKING Co.,

M'alliuu'ford, Connecticut.
Schwab & Skkcohb.

(Milwaukee, Wiscousiu.

Detuk.'k & Hakvky Machine Co.,

Baltimore, Md.

J’.KASS Goons .Meg. Co..

88 Chambere St., Xew York.

Uniun XtivEi.TY Works,

437 Broatlway. New York.

The H.atch Bros. Co.,

Bridgeport, Connecticut.

Erik Uxion Meg. Co..

Erie, Peunsylvauia.

The a. S. Spence Co.,

537 Market St., San Eraucisco, Cal.

McCreary Electrical Specialty Co ,
136 Liberty St., N. V

For $ I .

Thk Inventive Age and any tme of the

following Scientific books:

How to Make Electric Batteries at
lUniie. fully illustrated, by Edward
Trevert.

Everybody's Handbook of Electricity,
illustrated, by Trevert.

How to Make a Dynamo, by Trevert.

Practical Directions for Electric Bell
Fitting- and Electric Gas Lighting,
by Trevert.

Eliiiu Thompson's What i*' Electric-
ity?

30

tj^i^ inventive aoe.

Ths U Eld o[ an iMestmEnt.

The price of large timber tracts in the South
has increased 200 per cent in the last six years.
Will increase more rapidly as tracts grow scarc-
er.

The Interstate Land Bureau, room 40, Nationa-
Union Building, Washington, I). C., has for sale
over 1.500,000 acres of timber land, in tracts from
10,000 to .300,000 acres, in Kentucky, North Caro-
lina. Florida, Alabama. Georgia, Louisiana and
Texas. Prices from $1 to $8 per acre.

Also land for colonies in Southern Maryland,
Virginia, Alabama and (ieorgia. Uood unim-
j>roved farming land in Alabama and Georgia,
easy of access to markets, from $2 to S3 per acre.

Also coal land in Tennessee, Kentucky and
West Virginia,

Also cheap farms in Virginia and Maryland,
and choice gold mining irroperties in Virginia,
Maryland, North Carolina and Georgia.

Alse choice properties for large or small in-
vestors in and about Washington The Bureau
has reliable agents in London and Amsterdam.

WM. EDGAR ROGERS,

Sec’y and Gen’l Manaj?*^r.

GEORGE W. MILLER,

CONTKACTOi; AND KRICKI.AYEK,

717 Alarsliall .St. N. W.

Estimates cheeriully furnished to Builders.

Jobbing promptly attended to. Orders
by mail will receive prompt
attention.

R. STONESIFER,

21lcrchant (Tailor,

609 D Street, N. W.

19. C.

AV. E. COLBUKN,

GENERAL CONTRACTOR.

PortlaiKl Cement Walks, Steps and Pavements Laid,
Excavatinjr, I’avinir, Soddinjiand < ’ement-Work a Spec-
ialty. Estimates Promptly Civen.

BOX :n, BUILDERS EXCHANGE.
Kisidfncf, 715 FinsTST. N. W. Wasiiinoton, D. 0.

J. T. WALKER SONS,

Dealers in LIME, CKMENT.S, PLAS-
TER, PITCH, HAIR, BUILDING
PAPERS.

2 and 3 ply Roofing Material, Flue Lining.
Mortar Colms. Slate, Crocks, Fire Bricks, Cla.v, Tilo
Charcoal, Tar.

Teleplione 741. 304 hitli St. N. W. Washi'i^rtoii, li. C

WHEATLEY BROTHERS,

LurnberTerchafite

And Manufactiiiers

SASH, DOORS, BLINDS

And Hard Wood Material,
Worked Flooring a Specialty .

oFFiCKs: .mii.l:

Seventh St-, and lllnHle Island Ave. Water Street.
Water St., Georgetown. I.>. Georgetown, D. C

J. T. L-eW,

General Contractor and Bnilcler,

1404 Park St. Mount Pleas.ant.

Office 1838 14th St. N. W.

Jobbing promptly attended to.

CATALOGUE TOOLS & SUPPLIES FREE,

Machine

ALL SIZES

TOOLS, AIATERIALS AND SUPPLIES

9tb and F Si., N. 19.

Ijoans IVIoney on Collateral and
Real Estate.

of every description, for

MANUFACTURING and EXPEROIENTAL Purposes.

x\ll INVPiNTORS and MODEL MfiKERS should send for one of

our complete Illustrated Cata-
logues, Mailed free to any ad-
dress.

GOOD3DVN & WIGHTMAN,

63 Sunclbury St.. Boston, Mass.

SETS OF CASTINGS

MODEL ENGINES ^

CATALOGUES

F-REE. ^

„ALS0 TOOLS,

WHEELS. a PARTS OF MODELS'^®

A Machanica! Engineer or Draughtsman; To'' u'ke

charge of, or to superintend the manufacture or machinerv by devoting idle
hours to Homo stu«l v bv the method of THE CORRESPONDENCE
SCHOOL OF mechanics, ^tianton, l>ii. To begin, students need
onU' know how to read and write. Moderate Charges. Send for FREli. Circular .

ED. MALLET, JR. ERNEST A. HODGE.

MALLET & HODGE,

Plumbing and Gas-Fitting,

72(> Eleventh Street, N.W.,
AVASHINGTON, U. C.

Repair work attended to. Estimates furnished
TF.hErilONE 104(1.

WM. W. WINFKEE,

Garpeiilsr and Builder,

1411 F Street, N. W.

Estimates cheerfully given. None ex-
cept best of workmen employed by me.

W. J. THOROWGOOD & CO.

DEALEKS IN

lilair Papers. Decorations.
Room (pouldin^s. -fKades.

Till l-itn street, iST. AV.
W.^SHINGTON, I), c.

P'resco and Plain Painting.
Estimates Given.

Wm. MacKENZIE & CO.,

CONTRACTORS in STONE
WORK. Estimates Cheer-
fully furnished. S. W. Cor.

New Jersey Avenue and R
Street, Northwest,

WASHINGTON, D. C.
New Wood and Coal Yard.

P. R. TAVKNNPIR & BRO.,

Wood and Coal Dealers,

3323 M vStreet, W. Wash’u.

All kinds of coal at lowest rates served in any quant-
ity, and prompt ilelivery guaranteed. Coal under cover.

Office of N. E Express. Artists’ Supidies.

C. B. F. HALUFR,

j Artistic Paper Hangings,

WINDOW SHADES.

PICTURE FRAMES,

ROOM MOULDINGS.

AND TINTING.

EBtinjutc.-j Furnhlieil. .411 Work Giiamiitoeii.

1118 H STREET, N. E.

Orders hy Mail or Otherwise Proniptly
Attended t'*

PHIUIP X. DWVEH,

QrcRItecsit.

Cor. M and B Streets, S. W.

Washington, D. C.

C. E. FINCH,

Stair Builder.

2123 H Street, N. W..
Washington, D. C.

Cbas. H. HodglTtin,

'WEBSTIiR'S

INTERNATIONAL

DICTIONARY]

Ten years were spent <
in its preparation, a nun- <
dred editors employed,^
over S3ou,000 expended.

A Library in Itself

Invalnnhle in the house- ,
hohl, :iinl to the teacher, <
the iirofessional man,
and sell-educator.

WxM. L. PRICE,

Expert ill Plate Glass.

WAREROOMS; 913 7th St., N, W.
Washington, D. C.

13TH ST. N. W.

Family Hotel. Central Location.

$1.50 TO $2.50 PER DAY.

NO LIQUORS. Washington, D.'C.

T.M. HALL.

THE PHOTOGlIAPIIER,

723 SEVENTH Street, n. W,,

Is making a Specialty of

Large Portrait and One
Dozen Cabinets for $5.00

Just think of it.

Larger sizes at equally low prices.

Also he has a splendid Lot of Frames
Cheap

Remember the place —

W. P. PRICK,

723 Seventh Street, Northwest.

Copying and enlarging done.

Pays Interest on Deposits. Has for sale
Secured Investments.

CAPITAL, $1,000,000.

(-’all and see or write to ns.

B. n. WARNER, Preude^ii.

JNO. JOY EI)S0N, Vice-President.
JNO. A. SW(JPE, 2d Vice Pres,

JNO. IL CAKMODY, Treaunrer.

W. B. ROBISON, Sei retnry.
ANDREW PARKER, 5ec’#/.

BRADLEY BROTHERS,

SUCCESSORS TO
J. W. LA Toll RETT E,

927 D ST. N. W.,

Desire to inform their friends and the general public
that they have purcliased a portion of the stock — vehi-
cles and good will— (,>f said Lii Toiirette at the abov
named stables, and sliall supply the stables with new
buggies, etc., and first-class <hiving homes, and thereby
he prepared to furnisli the finest turnouts in the city,
making a specialty of light hiring; hoi-ses hoarded by
the <lay or month at reasonable rates. Give ns a caH.

BRADLEY BROS.,

Sucoessoi's to J. W. La Toiirette,

Telephone Cull, 261.

P. S. — Also proprietoi'S of Uidgeland Stock B'arm,
near Cabin John Bridge, lloi-ses stabled and pastured
at all seasons.

T A "ROT? Ruled, Printed and In-
-Li-^-DvJJAi dexed. Records ar-
ranged to save time. Used by adver-
qj A tisers, Book and News-

ia.n. V J.J.1 VJT paper Publishers, Car-
penters, Eegiueers and others, to
■p'npiA'p'nQ contracts

JAiJljUvJXliJlO cpiickly for instant
reference. ChallEN, io Spruce st., N. Y.

CHAS. E. COGGSWELL,

(^arpeater aad J^ailder,

F'ifteeuth Street Extended,

Alt. Pleasant.

Jobbing done in all its branches.

Estimates cheerfully furnished.

W. S. JONES,

No. 1103 Sixth Street, N. W.,

C0NTRACT0R X BUILDER.

Jobbing Promptly Attended to.
Estimates furnished at Shortest Notice.

HORACE J, LONG,

Successor in the

WALL PAPER

Department of the

W, H. HOUGHTON MANU'F. CO.

1218-1220 E STrekt, N. W.
WASHINGTON, D. C.

HENRY J. ALBERT, Manager.
Wall Paper, Interior Decorations.

Frescoing. Cornice Tinting.
Interior Wood-work and Painting.
P'loor Polishing. Stained Glass.

Don’t ])ay any attention to evil reports.

Don’t he to (jnick to condemn.

Don’t repeat what your ueighbore say, they
luav he mistaken.

Don’t invent a story from imagination.

Don’t put your money in an old Trunkand
expect to find it there after the house is
burned.

Invest it.

The Fidelity Building, Loan and
Investment Association

Offers special inducements to any one look-
ing for absolute security.

908, 914 G St. N. W.

HARRISON DINGMAN,

Alonzo Tvveedale, President,

Secretary.

FHt: INVENTIVE AOE

The Colombia National Bank,

911 F STREET N, W,

WASHIXOTOX, IJ. C.

A &eneral Milm Business Transacted,

WILLIAIV) A. KliVilYIEL

CONTRACTOK

\SI)

U 1 L D E R.

SHOP; 1006 Conn., Avenue.
EESIDEN0E;1132H, J. Ave,

Estimates furnished on the short-
est notice.

S. S. SHEDD & BRO,

The Ileal ill” ol Homes hy

Warm Air Emriaaces.

Personal attention 'iiven the Sanitary
Plmnhiiig oi Dwellings.

Gas Fixtures, Ranges, Lamps.

432 nth .St. iVashingtoii. I). C.

CAPITAL, *2.00.000.

I IE. H. P.iRKIEK, .... Piisidciif.

\ A. F. Fox, Mce- PreKideat .

I CLARFXCE COR.SOX, . . . Cashier.

JOHN HOWIJNdS,

il2 l‘2th St., N. \V. Wiiisliiiigtuii, 0. C.

HARDWOOD AND SLATE MANTELS.

The finest line in the city.

Tile work for BathriAOin.*, Vestihules, Floors and Wain-
icoting. All the latest color effects. Brass and
Wrought Iron, fire goods, Andirons, Feipler.s, Firesets,
•tc. Wood Taqiet and Parquetry flooring a si>ecialty.
A Ciill invited. Telephone 1073.

PERCY M. KING,

PAPER H.INGER AM) DECOR.ITOR,

And Dealer in Wall Papers, Window Shades and
Wall Monldings,

16147th St., N.W. Washington, D . C.

All orders promptly attended to and esti^
mates cheerfully furnished.

JOHN W. COLLINS,

724 I itb St. N. W.

Tin Rooling, Guttering and Spouting.

RANGES AND LATROBES.
Repairing a specialty. Work done at

Contains complete and Serial Stories.
Illustrated articles on TRAVEL, SOCIETY NOTES,
including a most effective series of illustrated descrip-
tions of the Historic Homes of Washington. POR-
TRAITS OF PROMINENT PEOPLE; RIuGRAPll-
ICAL SKETCHES; besides a large number of inter-
esting departments carefully prepared, as

Health Hints, The Mother's Page,

The Dining Room, Recipes, (Tried and Tested,)

Fashion Fancies, Latest Modes.

Series of articles on HOME DRESSMAKING, FLOW-
ERS aud PLANTS, FANCY WORK, KNITTING and
CROCHETING.

Children's page. With many other kindred topics,
making it the best magazine in the world for the
money. 50 cts. pel’ year. Agents wanted.
Address

The Brodix Publishing Go..

W.^SHINGTIIN, D. 0.

GEORGE ERITCH,

SLATE AND TILE ROOFER,

1424 Tenth St., near P St. N. W.

W.kSHINGTON, D. C.,

Repairing a specialty. All work guaranteed

JOHN McKENNA,

Plain and Ornamental Plasterer,

1412 34111 St., West WasWmlOll, D. C.

11, 11, TliEliiSLEV k til.,

Expert Si^ii Painters.

HOUSE PAINTING A SPECIALTY.

ESTIMATES FURNISHED.
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED TO
ALL OUR WORK.

None except Expert Hands employed.
1208 PENN. AVE. N. W.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

E. C. (ilLL, 3Iaiiager.

Washington Lime k Cement Co.

COK. 8th A UOl ND.AltY Sts.. Wash I). C.,

WHOLES.Al.E and KET.MI. DEAI.KKS IS
Lime, Plaster, .tiitietaiii and Purllaiid Cements Flue
Lining Slate, Feeil, Woud and Cual VCliolesale and Retail
LIME and -tnlietiini CEM EST fitriiislied in Carluad lots
ESTIM.ATES CIIEERFL'LLY FURNISHED.
TELEPHONE 1679.

ETTINGER & SMITH,

Contractors and Builders,

No. 215 Twelfth Street N. W.,

Estimates cheerfully furnished.

.Tobbiiig done on short notice.

Orders by mail will receive prompt

attention.

COLUMBIAN UNIVERSITY, CORCORAN
SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL.

Next session begins October 3, I.S93 Courses
are ottered in General Physics: Practical Elec-
tricity (based oil Slingo and Brooker'slElectrical
Engineering) ; Advanced Theoretical and Ap-
plied Electricity (based on the works of Thom-
son, Gerard, Hering-, and others ; Thermodyna-
mics and tlie Steam'Engine (Holmes); Chemical
Physics ; Laboratory work in General Physics
and Practical Electricity. Improved laboratory
facilities Plant consists of 4-horse power en-
gine, 1 Kilowatt RikeT dynamo, 1-horse power
Lundell motor, and testing Instruments. Ad-
dress E. P. Lewis. Head of Department.

Courses are also offered in Anthropology, As-
saying, Architecture. Astronomy, Botany,
Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Drawing. English,
French, German, Spanish. Latin, Geodesy, Math-
ematics, Mineralogy and Geology, Meteorol-
ogy, Philosophy, Political Economy, aud Zool-
ogy. The classes all meet after 6 P. M

For information address Professor C. E. Mun-
roe. Dean of the Faculty.

W. BEROX.

HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTER.

GRAINING AND GLAZING.

Gilding Glass a Specialty.
General Decorator.

329 7th St.. S. E. Washington, D.

J. W. McMAHON,

Window Shades, Room Mouldings. .A
Full Assortment of Etchings, .Sheet Pic-
tures, Etc.

W-NLL,

Picture Frame Maker, Fresco Painting.

Fine work a .Specialt}'.

1604 14TH St. N, W- Washingten, D. C.

TIios. F. llaldwiii,

1730 Pa. -Ave. N. W.
Washington, D. C.,

Latroties.

anil

SET aud REPAIRED.

, Copper and Sheet-Iron worker.

Prompt attention paid to jobbing.

HAYWARD k HUTCHINSON

Workers in Marble, Mosaics
and

Encaustic Tiling.

IlK.LSS, AND

tYKouGHT Ikon
Fire Goods

Porta RLE and
Fixed Grates.
Bath-room
Tiling,

Floor Tiling.

4‘>4 9th Street, X. W.,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Cabinet Woik a Specialty. Jubhiiig done I’lumptly

T. E. OYYBELXj,

Contractor and Builder,

1 13: ist St. N. W , Washington, D. C.

E.'Stimates fur BuiMings Furnished. 'Work Contract-
ed for on tlie Lest Terms. Charges Moderate.

KEMOVEt)

From 408 to 418 12th St.
N.W. 4 doors above.

During the next 30 da3^s will
allow 25 per cent, discount
on all Trouserings.

J. Fred. Gatchel,

Tailor.

Pollock & Martin,

WALL PAPERS,

DECORATIONS,

ROOM MOULDING.

333 C .Street ,S. E., Near corner 4th and
Pennsylvania Avenue.

Estimates cheerfully furnished. Our
Terms are reasonable. All orders by
mail will receive prompt attention.

GOODRICK & CO.,

GENERAL

Contractors and Builders,

1057 to 1067 28th street, N. W.
Estimates furnished on all classes of
work aud Repairs.

WALLACE WOODWARD.

Farnaces, Ranges and Lalrobes

Set and Repaired.

1404 T St. N.W., 'Washington, D. C.
Riioflng, Guttering aud Spoufng Smoky chim-
neys cured Brick work repaired.

Root Painting.

All orders promptly attended to.

INVFNTOR^ mid experimentors can obtain
1.1 I Lull GUO valuable assistance from us in

perfecting their ideas, M ffels and patterns a
specialty. Write us Wm. Gardam & Son. 98
John St.. Xew York.

•Ml

E. E. J.XCKSON. E cnI.I.IEK.

TIIOS. .NOKSMjDD.

E.E.Jackson&Co.

.ManufaVuii. ; -

LiiilikT. Dolirs. Sasli.

Blinds and Meiilding.

Cor. 13th St. and GMo Ave., N. W.

Washington, D. b

SPliCLALTIES : Dressed iTooriugs.
Makers of .Alabama Edge-Grain
Pdooring.

Mills located at Planters\ ille, .Ala.

u ...-■ .,r . practical

PLATING DYNAMO. ..no.

LTii u-' I 111 ai. -

10 plate utu.v gooi'. F.a; ' e...
silvir, iiick'-l. tid . on waict'-.
jewelry, labh.-war*.-. biotrh-sai.T
a.11 metal Qne ouinte fur

as‘-Df5; dtffT‘-Lii sizc4: alwat*
r«;a/ly: no battery: no t<<y; no
experience; no litnii to plaiinc
need'-d ; a cr’-ai inoru^v male r.

W. P. HARRISON & CO., Clerk No. 15. Columbus. Ohio.

cowsei-L.s,

Practical Bricklayers

IN ALL BRANCHES.

Best of work done on shortest notice.

Kstimates furnished.

634 I Street N. E.

rx. SPRTAGUe,

Real Estate and Loans,

Room 10, No. 614 F St. X.W..

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Property bought and sold.

EIST.ABI.ISHED 1857.

W. W. KIMBALL CO.

MANUF.ACTURERS OF

PIANOS AND ORGANS,

Highest Honors World s Fair.

60 Organs Dally, CHICAGO, 20 Pianns Dally.

(UlTCK AND WAnEltDO-M? : Kautouif.>:

Wubash Ave. near Jaukt4'ii St. <'"r. ’Jt'- aiul Kock-

Wfll Sto.

Standard Law Books of Value to
Patent Lawyers.

Croswell's Notes On P.xtent C.xses.
One volume. 121110. Sheep. 53-oouet.

Curtis On The L-Aw Of Patents.
Fourth Edition. One volume, Svo.
Sheep, $6.00.

M ERVIN On P.xtentabiliTv, One vol-
ume Svo. Sheep, 16.00

Preble's Patent C.xse Inde-x. Second
Edition. One volume, Thick i2mo.
Sheep, f6.oo net.

Robinson’s Law Oe, P.atents. Three
volumes, Svo. Sheep, S19.50 7iet.

LITTLE, BROWN & CO., Publishers.

254 Washington St., Boston.

S2

I'irlB INVENU'IVE AOii.

BUBIER'S

POPOLAR ELEGTMCIAN,

Scientilic Illiast rate<l INIoiit h.-
ly for the Arrxatuer ai\(i
Fublic at Ijai’ire.

Coiitaiiiinjj ilescrijitiDiis of all tlio lu'w invcntidus as
fast as they are iiateiit<Ml. also lists i.f patents filed each
month at the Pateth Otfiee. in Washin.^ton, I>, 0. In*
teresting articles hy popular writei-s on scientific sub-
jects written in a way that tlie merest beginner in
-science can nn'lei*stand.

Price, postpaid, 50 cents a Tear.

Sample Copy Five Cents. tSencl for it. You will l)e
more than pleJised.

Bubier Publishing Company,

43— fi r^Yis-N", iviA^ss.

P. F. LINKINS,

H O T " S I : P A I X T I X Cl,

Aii'l Interior Pecoratiug,

Wall Painting, Kal-omining and Tinting,
Jotiliing a Specialty.

S. H. HINES,

UNDERTAKER AND EHBALnER,

1315 14th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

with si.Kteen years' experience offers himselt to the public to do all kinds of funeral
work, and’guarantees jirompt attention and the very best of service at the lowest
prices. Metallic caskets furnished when so desired.

Open Day and Night. Telephone, 775. Chairs for Hire on all Oeeasions.

Arrangements can be made with us for funerals in any city in the United States, or for
transfer of bodies from one city to another.

Tlie Peoplc,s Co-opcmtive Burial As.sociatioii,

All persons who may be called on to bury a member of their family or a friend are res-
pectfully invited to call at the office of the Co-operative Bunal Association and
examine our certificates representing $50 and .$100 funerals. Certificates, when paid
up. draw 4 per cent interest, and are transferable to anyone. Cash or install, as
perfered. All of our funerals will have prompt attention and the best of services
guaranteed. Examine and be con vinced of your ititerest in the matter. Open day
and night for funeral work. Telephone, 775,

S. If. HIXKS. Prefsicleiit.

1315 14th Street, N. W.

1402 S St. N. W., Washington, D. C.

E. MORRISON PAPER COMPANY,

EDWARD GORMAN,

DKAEEK? IX

Practical Plumber and Gas Fitter,

IN AhL ITS BRANCHES.
REASONABLE, DURABLE AND PROMPT.
\.‘Z ± H Street, IST. K.

Washington, I). C.

Ji\ME^ B.

Artistic Paper Hangings, .

Window Shades,

. . . . Room Mouldings.

923 F Streeti WASHINGTON, D, C.

W. A. PAITJ,

Dealer in CONTRACTORS'
SUPPLIRS, Ship Chandlery
and Marine Hardware.

Blocks, Cordage, Machin-
ists’ and Ivngineer.s' S'lp-
plies. HARNESS.

No. 220 Tenth Street, Cor-
ner of C .Street Northwest.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

JOS. E. I LO IX ISON,

FURNACES, RANGES and
LATROBES, ROOFING,
GUTTERING and SPOUT-
ING. Jobbing Promptly
Attended to. All work
Guaranteed. Repairs I'ur-
nislied for all kinds of
stoves.

425 8th St., S. Pi. Washington, D. C.

HARRY 0. KING,

Photo Process

ENGRAVER,

Stereo and Electrotyjier.

Preeess.
^alf ^0Re,
^ine StsKiRg
-Sine.

Designs and Illustra-
tions for Billheads Cards,
Checks, Bonds, Letter-
heads.

Elcivia.! to LitViograpli.

Room 1, Lincoln Nat. Bank Bldg,

V. — J T\ Ct4.« KT TTT

White, Manilla and Straw Wrapping Paper

FLOUR SACKS, PAPER BAGS,

Twine, Shipping Tags, Straw Board. Ice Cream Boxes, Writing

and Printing Papers and Envelopes.

Agents for Holyoke Flat and Writing Papers, Collins’ Printers’ and Photographers
Cards, Chas. Eneu Johnson & Co.’s Printers’ Inks.

No. 1009 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W., Washington D. C.

The Washington National Building and Loan Association,

OHIO NATIONAL BANK BUILDING, Washington. D. C.

Par value of shares $ioo, and the holder draws that amount in
cash at maturity, estimated at seven to eight years time. Cost is 6o
cents monthly or J50, in advance. On the latter ras/i dividends are
paid semi-annually, at 6 per cent, per annum on the amount paid in.
Either stock can be withdrawn any time after three months with 6 per
cent, and after two years with 8 per cent. Unexcelled as a method of
saving sniall or investi?ig large sums.

CORRESPONDENCE SOI. ICEfED.

Hon. Jo.sKPH D. Taylor, President. W. P'. Johnson, Ge?! I Manager.

The Advertisers, Subscribers and Readers

Of The Inventive Age will secure neatness, dispatch
and moderate prices on all kinds of printing by calling on

printing (£oinpany,

Corner 8t!i and H 8ts., N. W.

Call us up by Telephone, 1516, and our representative
will visit you, give estimates and take orders.

FROM 1-4 TO 40,000 POUNDS WEIGHT

Of Open Hearth, Chester or Bessemer Steel.
True to Pattern. Sound. Solid.

Gearing of all kinds, Crank Shafts.
Knuckles for Car Couplers.

Cross-Heuch, Iiockerfi, Piston- Heods, etc, for Loeomoiives.
Steel Castings of Every' Description.

Chester Steel Castings Co.

Works, Chester, Pa,

Office, 407 Library St., Philadelphia, Pa.

C. A, DORSET! k BR0„

William Duffy,

Pkmibers and Tiiiners,

REGISTERED

1 1 15 Park Place N. E.

Plumber and Gas Fitter.

WAASPIl NT GRDOiSr, I). C.

1130 NORTH CAPITOL ST.,

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WASHINGTON, D. C.

Orders solicited and promptly e.vecut-

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ed. Satisfaction guaranteed. Orders

Orders by mail will receive prompt
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Report as to patentability of invention
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Our new and enlarged Hand Book containing
over fifty illustrations, forwarded on request,

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KHESA O. DuBOIS,

i Inventive .\ge Building. W.ASHINGTON, D. C.

PATENTS.

T

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R. N. STEVENS,

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Procures Foreign and Domes- i
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700 7th Street. WASHINGTON, D. C.

PI x'R mi nations without charge.

Inventor’s Guides free.

W. S. PLAGER,

Carpenter and Builder,

JOBBING PROMPTLY ATTEND-
ED TO BY ADDRESSING OR
CALLING AT SHOP, REAR OF
RESIDENCE.

No. 27 M Street, n. w.,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

P. S. MURPHY,

N. W. Corner 3rd aud H Streets,

PriK’tical Xiniiiiig &
steel Plate Furnaces, Ranges and
Latrobes.

Jobbing done on short notice.

R. R. SIMMS,
Carpenter and Builder,

Shop In Rear of 920 M Street, N. W.
Washington, D. C.

REPAIRS A SPECIALTY.

Weather strips. Window screens.

HI.

ARTIST TAILOR.

718 nth Street N. W.

IVinter and Spring stock nowon hand to se-
lect from.

PRICES REASONABLE.

U'HE INViiN'l'TVE AOE-

The World’s Columbian Commission,

AT THE

INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, CHICAGO. 189T

DECREED TU THE

Monoline Composing Company,

C • V/ 7XSH 1 N G TON , D. C..

-i DIPLOMA and AIEDAL for Sl'PERIORITV of Ils COAIPOSIXG MACHINE npou the L'crtficate of a Board
of International Judges for the following charactcristies y/' SUPERIOR MERE]'.

OFFICAL COPY OF AWARD TO THE MONOLINE :

Ke\'board similar to typewriter, controlling series of stops and actuating assembling mechanism.
Simple, improved and efficient casting and line-trimming devices.

Novel and unique matrix bars, having parallel sides and containing each a serie.S of intaglios,
with, hook-shaped ends to engage positively and accurately operating distributing mechanism,
consisting of a series of rigid rods,, which automatically drop and lift matrix bars to magazine.

Application of the simpilest, smaller number, most efficient, easily controlled and antomaticailv
operating mechanisms to assemble intaglio type characters and cast metal bars with tvjie faces in
relief thereon from which to print.

Locking attachment to pDOsitively prevent actuation of character keys when line has become
filled or mechanisms of machine fail to perform their proper function.

Simple, effective and accurate method of distribution.

Desirable plan of interchangeable keyboard to accommodate machine to operators familiar
with, maniphlation of modern typewriters.

Advantage of casting any number of type bars in succession from a single assembled line with-
out affecting keyboard or assembling mechanism.

Deep relief between words and sentances and at ends of jiaragraphs, in finished product, high-
Iv advantageous, positively obviating necessity of hand relief work in stereotyping process.

[Marked rapidity with which matrix bars can be removed from machine and replaced by others
to give different face and size of body to finished product.

Speed of machine beyond ability of operator to actuate proper character keys required to
correctlv form sentances.

[Machine compact in design, Avell constructed, easily operated at expense of minimum power,
with efficiency of performance measured at eight thousand ems of composed type per hour.

Attest : A. S. CAPEHART,

Individual Judge.

Approved : W. A. James,

Vice-President Departmental Commitfee.

Approved : John Bovd Thacher,

Chairmnn Executive Comniittee on Aivards.

^34

INVliMTiVK AOK.

Baraes Frictm ClitcF aaS Cit-off Cooplii.

It is not necessary to dwell upon the advan-
tages of friction clutches and cut-off couplings
for connecting and disconnecting counter shaft-
ing with engines, water-wheels, dynamos, elec-
tric motors, etc. The design of this article is
to direct attention to the special value of the
appliances for this work that have been so suc-
cessfully put upon the market by the J. H & D.
Take Co., of Massillon, Ohio, formerly of Horn-
ellsville, N. Y. The removal to Massillon gave
the company much increased facilities, and by
the addition of a large amount of improved ma-
chinery, a capacity has been secured more
nearly adequate to the demand which the ex-
cellence of their devices and their liberal policy
of trade extension have built up. The daily
capacity of the foundry at Massillon is twenty
tons. The works are lighted throughout by
incande.scent lamps, and in all their equipment

are a pattern of completeness.

The specialties of the J. H. & D. Lake Co.
are the Barnes patent screw-lever friction-clutch
pulley and the Barnes patent screw-lever friction
clutch cut-off coupling, both of which are illus-
trated on this page. Simplicity and strength
are the two claims which the manufacturers em-
phasize. The clutch pulley has positive grip
and absolute release ; it is adapted to light or
heavy work and operates quickly, starting and
stopping machinery easih' without shock or jar.
Fig. I is a sectional side view of the Barnes
friction clutch pulley in the position it assumes
when released and shows the driving hub keyed
to the shaft. A perspective view is given in
Fig. 2. A sectional end view, F'ig. 3, shows
the friction-hub encircled by the friction-ring,
the former being cast in one solid piece with
the pulley. The projecting lugs, on the opposite
side of the driving hub of the ring, drop into
the lug cavities of the friction ring, and when
the clutch is on the.se lugs take all the driving
power. Fig. 4 represents the operating lever

attached to the slipper-sleeve in operating po-
sition.

Figs. 5 and 6 show respectively a .sectional
side view and perspective view of the Banies
single -lever or multiband friction-clutch pulley;
which is claimed to be very efficient for light
or countershaft work, and Fig. 7 shows sectional
view of cut-off coupling. The friction-ring of
this clutch is merely a spiral band which closes
by traction pres.sure at the ends. In operation,
to obtain the power the slipper-spool on the
shaft is forced under the cam lever, the wedge -
fulcrum end of which comes between the cylin-
der and the wedge-shaped projection of one end
of the friction-ring, the other end of the ring
resting against an adjusting set-screw which
gauges the pres.sure of the friction-ring.

In spite of the general depression the J. H.
& D. Lake Co. have accumulated a goodly
number of orders, and if the improved condi-
tions noted in many quarters continue, the pros
pects are that their Imsiness through the winter
and spring will reach a very .sati.sfactory volume.

Practical Indorsements.

The John H. McGowan Company.

CiiHiiinatti, <)., Def. 20. ISa:!.

.1. H. &;i). I,ake Co.,

jMassilloii, ( )liio.

^Gentlemen : Am in receipt ofyovtr letter
of inquiry of the 18th inst.. as to our opin-
ion of the merits of your Friction Clutch
Pulleys that we have in use. In reply to
same, would say that we are very much
pleased with them and cheerfully recom-
mend them as being first-class.

Yours truly,

The .Tohn 11. McGowan Co.,

.lohn W. Neil,

Secretary.

Wheeler shurg Drain Tile Co.

Wheelersburg, Sciota, Co. Ohio,

Dec. -20, 1893.

Messrs. J. H. & D. Lake,

Massillon, O.

Gentlemen : I have had one of your fric-
tion clutch pulleys in use the past year,
and although I have handled machinery all
my life, I find it the best friction clutch I
have ever used. Before using your clutch

I was greatly annoyed by loose pulleys
wearing my belts. By the use of one a man
or boy can start or stop my machinery. It
has easily paid for itself in one month’s run.
and it is with great pleasure that 1 recom-
mend it.

Yours truly.

George A. Bell,

Proprietor of the Wheelersburg Drain Tile Co.

I. B. Coleman

Elmira, N. Y. Dec. 22, 1893.

.1. H. A D. Lake Co.,

Massillon. Ohio.

Gentlemen : In reply to your imiuiry
as to how we are pleased with the Cut-off
Coupling of your nianulacture we have on
our main line of shafting, we take great
pleasure in saying that it is giving the best
of satisfaction, in ever}' respect.

Yours truly,

1. B. Coleman.

Witherby, Rugg & Richardson.

Worcester, Mass., Dec. 18, 1893.

J. H. & D. Lake Co.,

Massillon. O.

Gentlemen : Yours of the 1.5th came duly

to hand asking us how we liked the
Friction Pulleys we bought of you la.styear
and in reply we have to say we are very
much pleased with them, as they have been
in coirstant use since we received them, and
we havn’t touched them since putting them
up, and we take pleasure in saying if we
should have occasion to use more Friction
Clutches you will hear from us with orders
for the same. Cntil then we remain,

Yoirrs trrrly,

Witherby, Rugg & Richard.son.

The Springfield Gas Engine Co.

Springfield, Ohio, Dec. 21, 1893.

,T. H. & D. Lake Co.,

Massillort. Ohio.

Gentlemen : In reply to your favor of the
18th, we cheerfully comply with your re-
quest, and woitld say that we have been
using one of your Screw Lever Friction
Clutcb Pulleys in our factory tor one year,
and the same lias given us perfect satisfac-
tion. We have also furnished several to
our cu.stomers, which have also given satis-
faction.

Yours truly.

The Springfield Gas Engine Co.,

Per A. S. Rawlings.

The Hendey Machine Co., Machinists’
Tools.

Torringtorr, Conn., Dec. 13, 1893.

,1. 11. & D. Lake Co.,

Massillon, O.

Gentlemen : In reply to yours of 13th,
we would say. We have been using your
clutches for the past two years, and we find
them very satisfactory. They have never
caused us the least trouble.

Yours truly.

The Hendey Machine Co. ,

H. j. Hendey, Pr.

The American Illnminating Co.

Horneilsville, N. Y., Dec. 2(1. 1893.

.1. H. & D. Lake Co.,

Massillon, Ghio.

Gentlemen ; Replying to your letter of
the 15th inst. in regard to the working of
your Patent Friction Clucth Pulleys and
Cut-off Clutches. I liave to .say. We have
two of your Clutch Pulleys on our shaft run-
ning a street railway system where the pow-
er varies froni one to two hundred horse
power. They have been running eighteen
months and have given good satisfaction.
I consider them first-class in every respect.

Very truly yours,

L. T. Mason, Gen. Manager,

ri-iK

1 XT v’K,.N'ri\"b:

TESTIMONIALS FROM MANUFACTURERS.

'Phe Francis Fritsch Manufacturing Co.

Cini'iiinatti, O., Dec. KJ,

J. H. A D. Lake Co.,

Massillon, OLio.

Dear Sirs : M’e take great pleasure in say-
ing that we have placed in the last two years
not less than '25 o( your Screw Lever Fric-
tion Clutch Pulleys, clutch couplings and
clutches for sprocket and gear wlieels of va-
rious sizes, and not in one single instance
have they given us the least trouljle or an-
noyance.

We have used any number of different
friction clutches in the last ten years, and
had learned to regard Huh Friction as some-
thing that would answer for light power, but
where heavy power was required they were
found wanting. However, since taking
hold of your clutches we have not used any
other unless compelled to by specifications
made by others. In some cases we obtained
consent to apply the Lake, but only under
specific guarantees, and in not a single case
have we had occasion to replace one or had
even a complaint. The adjustment is so
simple that the most inexperienced are ca-
pable of making it without any danger of
throwing them out of balance, or gripping
unequally ; a difficulty so frequently en-
countered with others. Please hurry for-
ward the orders you now have.

Yours truly.

The Fraucis Fritsch Mfg. Co.,

,Iohn G. Fritsch.

Fresiflenl.

John Steptoe & Co.

Cincinnatti. Ohio, Dec. 14.

Me.s.srs. .J. H. N D. I.ake,

Massillon. ( ).

Gentlemen : We take pleasure in say-
ing that the Friction Clutch Pulleys fur-
nished us for use on the counter-shalts of
our Sharpers are s;itisfactorv in every re-
spect. We consider tliem far superior to
any we have ever used.

Yours respectfully.

.lohn Steptoe N Co.

Coe & Wilkes.

Painesville. <). Dec. ‘LI. LSlii!.

.1. H. & D. Lake.

Massillon. Cihio.

Gentlemen : Having used over fifty of
your Friction Clutch Pulleys iu a variety of
sizes we are pleased to recommend them as
well proportioned, strong, simple, durable
and very efficient.

Yours truly,

Coe & Wilkes.

William Richardson.

Hornellsville, X. Y. Dec. :L2, LSfio.

J. H D. Lake Co..

Massillon. Ohio.

Gentlemen : We have two of your Patent
Screw Lever Friction Clutch Pulleys in our
factory, and cheerfully recommend them to
any one who is in need of same. They
work perfectly.

Respectfully yours.

William Richardson.

J. R. Alsing Company.

Xew York. Dec. :20, 1893.
Me-ssrs. .J. H. & D. Lake.

Massillon, Ohio.

Gentlemen : In answer to your favor of
Dec. 18th we will state that we have used
some of your Patent Screw Levers, and
multiband Friction Clutch Pulleys, and
must say that we are thoroughly satisfied
iu every respect with them.

Yours truly,

.1. R. Alsing Company.

The Avery Stamping Co.

Cleveland. Ohio. Dec. 19. 1893.
Messrs. J. If. X D. Lake,

Massillon. ( lliio.

Deal' .Sirs : lYe have u.sed ijuite a number
of your Friction Clutches on our lineshafts,
and also on a great many of our presses, and
iu comparison to other makes of Friction
Clutches, of which we have a considerable
number iu our factory, we would say that
we prefer yours as they are quick and posi-
tive acting and do not easily get out of re-
pair. lYe would recommend them to any-
one desiring a first class pulley.

Youre respectfully.

The Avery Stamping Co..

Per Henry M’. Avery.

City Machine Co.

Clevelaud, Ohio. Dec. 2(1, 1893.

.1. H. X- 1), Dike Co.,

Ma.ssillon. Ohio.

Gentlemen : We have a number of your
small Clutches in use and find them to fully
sustain your claims for them, and can aji-
prove same to any person wishing to know
the merits of your Clutch.

Yours truly.

City Machine Co.,

E. J. Kershaw.

The Dayton Malleable Iron Co.

Dayton. Ohio, Dec. L"), IHp:!.
Messrs. J. H. K D. Lake Co.,

.Massillon. ( ihio.

Genllenu'ii : In ies|H)nse to your v aluable
imiuiry of the Llth inst., relative to the
merits of the 48 inch Friction Clutch Pulley
which you furnished us. beg to say we have
had this device in operation for heavy work
on our rattlei-s, lor a number of yeare, and
have yet to hear the first complaint of its
efficiency or durability. Intact, we are free
to .admit that it is the best Pulley we have
ever been aide to obtain for our work.

Yerv truly yours.

The Dayton Mallealtle Iron Co.,

M. H Earn.shaw.

Secrelfiri/.

The Laidlaw, Dunn, Gordon Co.

Hamilton, Ghio, Dec. 16. I'lhd.

.1. H. K D. Lake Co..

iMassillon, Ohio.

Gentlemen ; ^Ye have had in use for about
one year one of your Friction Clutch Pul-
leys, 48 diameter aud 1'2 face, and the same
has worked to our entire satisiaction.

Yours truly.

The Laidlow. Dunn, Gordon Co.,

Per .1. L. Blair.

plain or'
p,5PLiTl

t^rfit-LEYS.

fUUT" Hafting.

UU-; y/AANGER5Etc
SHAF^j

The Anderson Forging Co.

Anderson, hid. Dec. 12. 1893.
Messre. .1. H. A: D. Lake Co.,

Massillon, (.ihio.

Dear Sirs ; Yours at baud and noted. AYe
have two of your Friction Clutch Pulleys,
and are happ3’ to report that thev' are all
they’ claim for them, and we shall equip our
machicerv with more of them as our means
will allow.

Yours truly.

The Andeison Forging Co.

N. W. Corkey & Son.

.Jamestown. N. Y. Dec. 11. li?93.
Alessrs. .1. H. A; I). Lake,

Massillon, Ghio.

Dear Sir : In repl.y to your favor of the
8th would say, that so far your Couplings
have worked .satisfactoril.v to us.

Yerv' truly yours,

X NY. Corkey & Son.

The Wood Brown Co.

Columlius, ( ihio, Dec. 13, 1893.

J. H. A: D. Lake Co.,

Massillon, ( ihio.

Dear Sirs : Replying to yours of the 8th,
would say. we have used your Clutch Pul-
leys for two years aud are well pleased.

We nronounce them the best in the market.

Yours Arc.,

The NYcod Brown Co.

E, M. Link Machinery Co.

Erie, Pa. Dec. 20. 1893.
Jlessrs. J. H. A: D. Lake Co..

Massillon, Ghio.

Gentlemen : We are in receipt of your fa-
vor of the 9th. aud in reply would state that
we have in use some of your Friction Clutch
Pulleys which we consider equal to any in
the market, and have no hesitation in rec-
ommending them to an_v person who wants
a first class and reliable Clutch.

Yours very respectfully,

E. M. Link NIachinery Co..

Per Henry X. Link.

The Griffith & Wedge Co.

Zanesville, Ghio. Dec. 11, 1893.
Messrs. J. H. A: D. Lake Co..

Massillon. t>hio.

Gentlemen : The Friction Clutch Pulleys
sitjiplied Iw you have given us the highest
satisfaction. In our estimation they are the
best now in the market.

Yerv truly vours.

The Griffith A: NYedge Co.

W. E. Caldwell, Co., Millwrights, Machin-
ists, and Mill Furnishers.

I Louisville, K\ .. I'f- 1:!. '9:;.

.1 . 11 . A D. I ,ake ( '<>. .

.Massillon. i ihio.

j Gentlemen: It will, no doubt, be ol'in-
I terest to vou to learn that vour I'atmr
Screw Level' and al.so your Multiband Fnc-
I tion Clutch Pulleys and cut oft' couplinos
which we have placed, are giving entiresal-
I isfactiou. ( lut ot the twentv'-eight orthirly
i which we already have in use in diflerent
I I'actories, we have yet to record one instance
wherein there has been any com])laint luade.

! We have, in the last ten veai-s. used and
placed oue or more of nearly all makes of
I friction clutches and we are .satisfied that
I these are the best friction clutches now in
1 existence.

Yours verv trulv,

NY. E.‘ Caldwell ( o.,

FiUir.

Hunter Manufacturing Co.

.5(1 X’. Twenty-third .^t.. 1

Philadelphia, Itec.. 2b. l'-93. /

J. 11. A. 1). Lake Co..

Massillon, Ohio.

Gentlemen : We purchased from you hi't
March 1893, four of _vour twelve inch Pa;-
eut Screw Lever and .Multiband Friction
Clutch Pulleys, for a very partii-ular and
severe place, as they were to run at verv
high rate of speed. We were somewhat
skeptical at first as to what thev would do
on .so high a speed, as thev^ were to reverse
constantl\-. We are thoroughlv' satisfied
with them and they have been in constant
use ever since aud lia . e greatlv’ surpassed
our expectations aud would fie pleased to
recommend them to auv' oue whom v'ou
may reler to us.

Yours trulv.

Hunter .Mfg Co..

.1. E. Langdon. Manuger.

The Lodge & Shipley Machine Tool Co.

Cincinnatti. ()., Dec.. 15, Isqq.

.1. H. A D. Lake Co .

.Massillon. ( ).

Gentlemen ; We have had several of vour
clutche.s ID operation for about a year. . t

We consider them excellent ; we have had
no trouble at all with them and find them
easiH adjusted. Wishing yon everv suc-
cess, ive are.

Yery respectfully.

Lodge A Shipley Machine Tool Vo..

-Murray Shijiley. .Ir.,

ITce Pre.fi.. and Sec'g.

Richmond City Mill Works.

Richmond. lud., Dec, 23, 1893.
The J. 11 & D. Lake Co.,

Jlassillou. (Ihio.

Gentlemen : We have your favor of the
20th inst. , note contents. In answer would
sav, we have used several of v'our Friction
Clutch Couplings, both the screw lever and
multi-band pattern. We ha\e found them
satisfactorv" in every particular. We have
never used any style of (.'lutch Couplings
that we liked better.

Trulv vours.

Richmond Citv Mill \Yorks.

lU' H. T. Lemon, Sec.

Star Union Brewing Co.

Peru, 111., Dec. 22, 1893.
Messrs. .1. H. A- D. Lake Co..

Massillon. (.Ihio.

Dear Sirs ; We have two of v'our Clutch
Pullev's in our malt house w Inch are giving
the best of satisfaction and we can recom-
mend them to tl’.e trade with pileasure.
Respectfully,

Henrv Horner, Pres.

3(3

INVliNXIVE AGE

FREDERICK CARL,

Successor to E. H. Bradford.

Model Maker,

Expert In Perfect Working Models,

711 G Street, opp. U. S. Patent Office.

Deoigning, Drafting, and Perfect Working Models for
Inventors. Models made from sketches. Patent
Office drawings or home-made models. Dupli-
cates made of Patent Office models for law
suits in case of infringement. Pat-
terns made from wood and metal.
Manufacturing of Novelties.

A. F. JORSS,

Ornaineiital aiiii Antipe Fiuisli Wroiiglit

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THE TORPEDO BOAT CUSHING.

One of the Swiftest of Her Class in the World = =
Search Lights Fail to Detect Her.

At tile la.st aniiiver.sarv of the lio.stoii Tea Party,
Secretary Herbert .said tliat ••out of tlie throes of
the recent great civil conflict were born the swift
commerce destroyer, the torpedo boat, the great gun
and mighty battle ship of today. The shock of the
battle, between the Monitor and the Merrimac, in
Hampt<jn Roads, resounded around the earth. It
kindled the tires in the workshops of Europe. All
the naval powers of the world went to work to man-
ufacture armor plate that could not be pierced, then
guns that could not be resisted, then torpedoes that
vessels could not withstand, and then vessels that
could catch and could not be caught."

The swift United States naval cruiser Columbia
developed a speed of 22.81
knots per houf in her
trial trip. The iCunard
steamshi]) Lucania re-
cently maintained an
average speed of 22.74
knots per hour for one
full nautical day. The
Camjjania has main-
tained an average speed
of 21.28 knots per hour
between New York and
Oueenstown. which is
thought to be the highest
average hf)urly speed ev-
er attained for the entire
distance of the trans-
Atlantic voyage. Incase
of war with Great Britian
these two ocean flyers
would very likely be sent
forth to destroy Amer-
ican commerce on the
high seas or be employed
as transports.

In a race between the
cruiser Columbia and the
Lucania, for the ca])ture of the later, the cruiser
could gain but .117 of a knot per hour over the speed
of the En.glish vessel, and the later could not be
overtaken in a trip across the Atlantic, ju'ovided the
Lucania sighted the Ck^lumbia under favorable cir-
cumstances. which would be about 18 miles distant,
thus giving the Lucania a fraction more than l.s
knots start. Linder these conditions the English ves-
sel would reach a safe harbor in her own country
from almost any ]ioint in the Atlantic ocean. The
Lucania is presumed to be the <,)nly ship the Colum-
bia could not overtake in a chase across tlie Atlan-
tic. Conditions being as stated it is believed the
Columbia would overtake the Campania in less than
ten and one half hours, figuring on what is now
known to be the speed of these two vessels.

Such would not be the case if the fast flying little
Cushing, which is now undergoing repairs at the
'Washington Navy Yard, was an ocean greyhound ;

but she is not, although supposed bv many jsersons
to be a vessel of great seagoing capacity. The tor-
pedo boat Cushing is simply the fastest steam launch
ever built by the Herreshotf firm. She is a steel
torped(.) boat 138 ft. b in. huig. 14 ft. loin, in extreme
breadth. Her mean draft is but ,s ft. 3 in., with dis-
placement measured at 116 tons. She carries twin
screw engines of the vertical quadrujjle expansion
type. She was built to show at least 22. ,s knots per
hour. She carries three torpedo tubes and 3 1-pound
rapid tire guns, and cost the government something
more than §100,00(1.

The Cushing travels very low on the water and at
a maximum speed of 24 or 25 miles an hour, although
27 miles per hour has been rolled off bv the little
vessel. She was constructed for the purpose of an-
noying men-of-war and blockade vessels bv destrov-
ing them with torpedoes. She carries a crew of 20

men and 4(1 tons of c<,)al. and her engines have a
ma.ximuni of 1,720 horse power. She is neither an
armored fighting f)oat nor is she fitted or intended
for submarine duty, but is simplv considered the
greatest torpedo boat of this or any other country.
The C'ushing is painted green and displays scarcely
anything above the water when out for action, and is
proposed to be most effective at night, when, from
experiments made at Newport, last summer, it is
almost impossible to find her in the water, even
with the large search lights now used bv naval ves-
sels. When this little destroyer goes forth ft)r busi-
ness she approaches to within about 1,000 yards of
the vessel to be attacked, when a t(.>rpedo is fired
out of one of the three tubes she carries. But five
ounces of powder is used for this purpose, iust
enough to clear the projectile from the side of the
f)oat, when, on striking the water, the torpedo sinks
to whatever depth the gunner has previously deter-

mined to have the most deadly effect when striking
the vessel. When the torpedo assumes the level it
is intended to travel upon, it shoots forward at the
rate of about 30 knots per hour. The torjjedoes can
be tired at varying angles, and when the Cashing is
going as fast ;is 13 to 15 knots per hour, thus mak-
ing it almost inqxjssible to injure the torpedo f)oat
by fire from the enemy, even if detected in her dead-
ly work. In ])ractice the gunners of the Cushing
have succeeded in striking a target the size of an
ordinary cruiser a fraction over four times out of
five shots fired.

Besides practicing at torjiedo firing last summer,
the Cushing- made numerous trijis out ot the harbor
at Goat Island with a view of determining- if it was
possible to detect her with search lights when com-
ing back to her mooring. She was easilv discerned
on these nocturnal visits until her color was changed

to a dull g-reen. and after
this she was never discov-
ered until after she had
sig-nalled that she had
been prowling- a b o u t
among the big- battle
shi])s and could have
blown any or all of them
out of the water. ( )n
several occasions she ran
up within a few vards of
the San Francisco and
Miantinoniah. in the face
of their search lig-hts,
without being detected.
The Cushings, as well as
all other boats of her
class, have a difticultv to
meet and overcome in
the wire netting- that is
now used by larg-e ve,-.-
sels to ])r< )tect themselves
from torpedoes. These
nets go 20 or more feet
into the water and are
usually ]>laced at least
as far frcim the sides of
the vessel. They have so far effectually stopped
torjjedoes. The submarine .gun of the Destroyer,
which was sold to the Brazilian g(.ivernment. would
force a torpedo ])rojectile throug-h these nets at a
distance of 200 yards, and further experiments may
be made in this direction the coming- summer.

The style of torpedo used by the Cushing- cost
§2.500 each. They are long- steel casing'-s with a
number of cross sections. A charg-e of hig'-h explo-
sives is placed forward. Back of this is the cham-
ber for couqiressed air which is employed to operate
the propelling'- mechanism. ,Vft of tiffs the automat-
ic steering- and adjustings device is located. These
ti^rpedoes are recoverable after l)eings tired, as the
exhaust of the pneumatic engine creates bubbles on
the water, and the projectile rises to the .surface
after it has traveled the distance it was previously
adjusted to cover. After being- thoroughlv over-
(Confinucd on page ./y.)

THE INVENTIVE AQE

3X

1-L I 1 1 > i i I i tr*< I l.XXf),

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Co r res j)on deuce wit li in \ eiitoi s. mechanics, man ufactiirers.
scientists and others is invited. Tile columns of tlii«^ journal art*
open for t he discussion of such subjects a^' are of yeiu*ral i nterest
to its readers.

Technical matter is ]xirticularly dt‘'^ired. We want practical
information from practical men.

Nothiny will be jiublished In the editorial columns for pay.

The I.NVKN i> tlH)rouyhly indepemlent. and has no

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friend of the inventor and the American manufacturer.

Advertisiiiy rates made known on application. Special facil-
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Euti-rcJ at thi- J^o.stojj'ui' in W'a.'^hinoton ns si-rond- rhiss matter.

WASHINtxToN. I). C.. MARCH, IS'U.

Capt. Ei>Mt Ni) /iAi.iNSK], Fiftli Artillery, inventor
of the pneumatic dvnainite irun. lia> beeii ])lacecl
on the retired li.'-t. He wa,-. paralyzed two years
ag-o and has never fullv recovered.

Tup mid-winter fair in San Francisco is not the
success its promoters had anticijiated. It is not con-
sidered a failure by any means, but coming so close
on the heels of the great f'hicago exposition it suf-
fers from comparison.

Jrui.K Bitpi.iNC.iiK, of the United States Circuit
Court at Portland, (dreg-on. decides that a Chinaman
may marrv bv mail and no law can prevent the
wife from joining her husband in this country. He
hcjlds that if the parties are m.'irried according to the
laws of China, such marriage is valid here.

London pa])ers are advocating- the adojjtion of the
l.ObO-mile railwav book, good on all Continental
railways. The c<mvenience of such a sj-stem is set
forth in an elaborate arg-ument in which the inven-
tive genius of the United .States is alluded tr) as
something phenomenal and -worthy of emulation.

It appears from a recent report prepared by As-
sistant Commissioner Fisher that the work of the
Patent ( )ffice is closer up to date than at any time in
the past eight years. The g-reatest arrearag-e in
any division is now less than four months, and the
applications for patents pending- number less than
7.(K)().

I.N reply to the strictures of the ^^’ashing■ton Star,
the ^fanllfacturrrs' Record denies having- made
gloomy f<.)rebodings about the Semth. It says it has
persistently claimed that there is a steady tendency
towards improvement, and that despite the Wilson
l)ill the South would g-row and prosper, but that
with the Wilson bill and its unfair treatment of the
South out of the way the South's development would
be far more rapid.

Thi-; I.wkn-tivk Ac.k calls particular attention
to the paper published ii-i this issue on “Interference
Proceedings in the Patent (iffice.'' read before the
recent meeting of the American Associaticjn of In-
ventors and Manufacturers, by Lemuel W. Serrell,
of New York. It is an exhaustive compilation of the
haws and rules governing interference proceedings,
and will be found intensely interesting- to ]-)atent
attorneys and inventors.

Thk principal reason g-iven out-for the President's
veto of the New York and New Jersey Bridge bill is
that after securing- a charter from the State of New
York containing the express stipulaticjn that the
bridge should have but a single span from shore to
shore, the promoters of the enterprise secured from
Congress in this bill the privileg-g of placing a pier
in the river J.OOb feet from the New York shore. A
bill is now'pending- in Congress in which this (jb-

jection is overcome, but it is not especially desired
by some of the promoters, and it is doubtful if it
ever finds its way to the President.

( i.NK of the most important conventions of electric
lig-ht and electric railway men ever held, convened
in Washington on the la.-.t two day s of h'ebruary and
the 1st day of March- the event being'- too late in
the month to permit of an extended notice in this
issue of the In-\-i-;n-ti\-k Ac.i-:. The meeting- was at-
tended by tlie leading- electricians, cajiitalists and
railroad nie!i in the country, and the papers read
were numerous, interesting and instructive. A
m(.)re e.xtended report will appear ne.xt month.

I.N-Dic.\Ti\-K of the small but certain improvemei-it
in business the . liucricati Mauiifactxrcr. of Pitts-
burg. Pa., says there were 131 blast furnaces in op-
eration on February 1. liaving an ag'-gregate weeklv
<'apacitv of 1((.S,321 tons, against 132 furnaces with a
weekly capacity of 102. ‘ib*-* tons on January 1. show-
ing- an increase of about ,s,000 tons in the weeklv
ca])acity during the month. Charcoal furnaces
show an increase of weekly cajjacity of 300 tons and
coke furnaces of .3,400 tons, while .'inthracite fur-
naces .show a decre.'ise of 400 tons.

Hi-;tti-;k service at lower rates for telejiliones
is the cry in Washington and many other cities
throughout the countrv. In the matter of teleplume
service American cities are behind the great centers
of Europe. ]iarticularly in Cermany and Framce.
where great advancement in the service and reduction
in the cost has taken place duri ng the jiast two vears.
In long distance telephoning the development h;ts
been more ra])id and successful than in local cir-
cuits. owing", possibly, to the nn)no])oly existing- in
most cities in the teleplu.me service.

Thk rejiort of William McDevitt. electrical in-
spector of the Philadelphia fire underwriters and fire
patn.)l. on his investig-ations into the effect of under-
gr<iund electrical currents upon g-as and water sys-
tems, will be the subject of much comment and dis-
cussion in the electrical world. The startling state-
ment tliat his oViservations led to the belief that in
all the larg'-e cities the gas and water svstems are
threatened with destruction by what is termed elec-
trolvsis is calculated to lead to further investig-a-
tions in confirmation or disproval of Mr. McDevitt's
theory. If. as Mr. McDevitt charges, these sub-
terranean currents of electricity are slowlv but
surely destroying the great net work of pipes which
furnish the gas and water suppH- of cities, then the
electrician and the inventor are charged with a new
dutv — the discovery of some means of perfecting
the ap])lication of electricitv to street railways so
that its escape in the ground will be reduced to the
minimum.

Thk review of trade by Dun & Co., for the week
ending February 17, was a most remarkable one and
probably marked the low water tide in business
affairs in the United States. The week was a record
breaker. In wheat, in silver, in some forms of iron
and steel, in Connellsville coke, and in well known
c<jtton and woolen goods, the l<.)west prices ever
known were made, and it is gratifying- that failures
of importance have not resulted. The g-reat fall in
wheat had a ])erceptible influence upon the tone of
business g-enerally and there was less confidence in
Wall street, less improvement in manufactures, and
a greater decrease in the volume of paj-ments.
through clearing houses, which were 24.4 per cent,
less than a vear ago outside New York and 43.7 per
cei-it. less than a vear ag'-o in New York, i-iotwithstand-
ing unusual transactions in g-rain. Wheat at 60Ts
cents a bushel was lower by IL cents than it had ever
been in the previ(jus seventy-seven years, and the
visible supplj-, 79,000,000 bushels, is so much larger
than had been previousH- figured on, faith in the offic-
ial reports of the yield last vear has been completeH'
destroyed. There are, however, more hopeful signs
in the manufacturing world. The surplus of manu-
factured goods throug-hout the country has been
exhausted, and manufactories are resuming opera-
tions. As a re.sult of tariff legislation, however,
there exists a natural timidity among manufacturers,

and to meet the possible contingency of forced com-
]ietition with foreig-n made goods, they are forced to
make a cut in wages varying from .5 to 16 per cent.
To the uncertainity and delay of tariff legislation
may be attributed the continued and unprecedented
business depression throughout the ITiited States.

Thk Court of Appeals has rendered an important
decision in the “Palmetto" trade mark case men-
tioned in our last issue and commonlv known as the
“ (lovernor Tillman Case of 'South Carolina.” As
will be remembered the Hovernor applied for a
trade mark in July on behalf of the State of South
Carolina to be used in connection with the law in
that state reg^ul;iting the liquor traffic. The Com-
missioner having declined to issue the trade mark,
application was made in the Circuit Court of the
District of Columbia which resulted in a preemp-
tory command in the way of mandamus compelling-
the Commissioner to register the trade mark, from
which decision the Commissioner appealed to the
Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia. The
ojjinion rendered by this Court, reverses the de-
cision of the Circuit Court, and decides that the act
of the Commissioner is cpiasi judicial, and therefore
not a mere matter of ministerial action. The court
further holds that no appeal lies in cases which in-
volved trade marks. The law relating- to appeals
applies only to patents. They further decide that
before a trade mark can be g-ranted the person to
whom it is g-ranted must be eng-aged in commerce
with a foreign nation or an Indian tribe, and that
the State of South Carolina as a State had no au-
thority to engage in such commerce. The law re-
lating to the sale of liquors being confined to the
limits of the State, was passed, therefore, rather
with a view of regulating the police power relating
to the sale of intoxicants, than to establish com-
merce. The case has been appealed tci the Supreme
Court of the United States, where in due time it will
be decided, and from present indications the view.s
of the Commissioner will be sustained.

NOTES AND NEWS.

|)«M i-easn in Iininigriitioii. <)nly 5,578 immi-
grants arrived at the port of New York in January,
1894, as compared with 11,257 in January, 1893,
and thev brought with them $82,200, all told.

iinl ' M. de Nansouty suggests that

users of wind ])ower might find it an advantage to
surround the “ atmospheric turbines" by strong tow-
ers, for directing the wind by nozzles, as water i.s
lead t<i a Pelton wheel.

Aliiininiiiin Knats. — Two extraordinarily de-
signed aluminium boats are' being built in Baltimore
for an arctic expedition. The work of construction
is being carried on with the utmost secrecj-. The
projector of the enterprise is said to be the Chicago
Herald. The plan is to org-anize a party and start
in the early spring for the north.

Rich Reward for A.stronoinieal Discovery. —

The French Astronomical Societ}- has just awarded
to Prof. Barnum, of the University of Chicago, the
Arago gold medal, in recognition of his discovery
last year of Jupiter’s fifth satellite. This medal has
been conferred only once before, and then on the dis-
tinguished French astronomer, Leverrier.

* -X- -X-

Largest Draw Bridge in America. — The King
Bridge Companj- of Cleveland. ( Ihio, is now engaged
in preparing plans for an iron draw bridge, for the
New York Central Railway Company, to span the
Harlam river in New Yf)rk Citj-. It will be 400 feet
long and swing- on a central pivot. The estimated
cost of the structure with its approaches, is $3,000,-
000.

-s -x- -x

Hcdlaiid’.s Submarine Boat. — The last naval
appropriation bill contained ati appropriation for the
construction of a submarine boat, but after careful
inquiry into the plans submitted Secretary Herbert
decided that this type of a boat was not 3'et suffi-
cientlj- perfected to warrant the expenditure of the
appropriation. Mr. Holland, the inventor of the
submarine boat bearing his name, has been collect-
ing- data at the Navj' Department, based on the plans
of the torpedo boat Cushing, with a view to its ap-

THE IXVEXTIVE AQE.

plication to the inechani>in of hi,> peculiar craft and
it is possible another effort will be made t<_) f^-et Con-
gress to provide a^ain for the construction of one of
these boats.

H*‘iiiarkal)l.v Cold WoatluT in lai”lan<l. An

extraordinary incident (jf the unprecedented cold
snap in Eng-land in the early part of January was
revealed at an inquest in Liverpool. A woman,
ag'ed 62. slipyjed in her yard, and was unable to rise.
Water from the tap fell on her hands and froze them
in a solid mass to the ,q‘ta)und. and she died from ex-
posure.

Tin* 31ost Costly Jletals. The most costly of all
metals, save onL' g-allium which is worth 53.000 an
ounce, is g-ermanium. which is quoted at S1.12o an
ounce. Rhodium is worth S112. .30 an ounce: ruthen-
ium. S90 an ounce ; iridium. 537.3b an ounce : osmium.
526 an ounce, and palladium. 524 an ounce. The last
is about equal in value to sgold. These metals are of
no g'reat commercial importance.

Canal At-foss li-olainl. -Sir Edward Watkin. the
Eng'lish railroad mafguate. has put forth the serious
proposition of a canal across Ireland to make a more
direct road for trans-Atlantic steamers to Liverpool.
This proposition has been coupled with the discus-
sion of a tunnel between Scotland and Ireland. Sir
Edward claims that both the tunnel and the ship
.canal could be built for 5100. 00b. 000.

H«*avy H ill’s. — The first three of the heaviest bars
ever turned out under a ste:im hammer were drawn
from the furnace of the Duquesne Forg'e Co., at Ran-
kin Pa., last month. They will be used in .setting-
up the big press in the armor plate mill at Home-
stead. The ingot of the first weig-hed 33 tons, and
was worked under the big- lO-ton hammer. It was
reheated three times and required ten days t<j com-
plete it. The second was the same size and the third
30 feet long and 14 inches square.

Tin* Det'pi'st lion* ill tin* ^^'ol•l<l. - Probably
the deepest bore in the world is at Parvschowitz. in
the district of Ribnik. in Western Silesia. The depth
attained is 6,568 feet, and the diameter of the hole is
only 2.73 inches. The work has been temporarily
stopped in order to lower especial thermometers,
which have been made with g-reat accuracy . into the
hole for the purpose of obtaining- the temperature at
the different depths. The boring will then be re-
sumed. and it is expected that a depth of 8.200 feet
will be reached.

l*IU*<’tl’i<’ Clott IIS. — A novel performance was re-
cently given in Xew York, at one of the well-known
concert halls. Two Frenchmen dressed extrava-
gantly. with bulbous and hig-fily colored features,
personated what they chose to term the “Electric
Clowns.” Their eyes, noses, cheeks and ears were
so arranged., being supplied with miniature electric
lights, that upon contact being made by means of
metal plates in their shoes the intense rays (jf the
lamps, burning above candle power, shone forth
from the darkness of the stage. The effect was de-
cidedly unique.

Iteiiiiii’kalilt* <>i*«*aii St«*ai!isliii» Hei-onl. — A

remarkable record in steam navigation was made
the first week in February, says the New York Siai.
when the White Star steamers Britanic and Ger-
manic completed their two hundredth round voyage
between Liverpool and New York, four hundred trips
apiece across the Atlantic, a total distance in each
case of one and a half million miles. The^’ have
carried between the Old and New Worlds over IDO,-
000 saloon and 260.000 steerag'e jiassengers. Thev
were built in 1874-,3. and are yet working as efficientl v
as ever, with their original engines and boilers.

Kl«*rti’i<’ Funeral Train. The San Francisco
and San Mateo Electric street railway company has
inaugurated a novel funeral car service, and resi-
dents along its line are taking advantag-e of it. One
writer in describing this novel invention says ;
” The six pall bearers who accompanied the hearse
quickly lifted up the coffin c<mtaining the body and
slid it g-ently in throug-h the open door. Then, with
uncovered heads, they climbed in after it and closed
the funeral draped door. The conductor rang the
bell twice, the motorman clanged his gong with a
noise that seemed somehow strangely out of place,
turned on the electric current, and the dead man
started on his last journey. It was hard to realize
that the two cars rolling rapidly along- the street
lined with gaping spectators were a funeral train —
the shouts of the children along the route, the sharp
•clanging of the gongs, and particularly the speed of

the cars, were so totally dissimilar to the accustomed
solemnity nf such parades. People hurried to the
windows of the houses along- the line and few even
waved handkerchiefs, as if it were a gala occasion
of some sort".

Tin* l><*«*lH*st .Miin* in tin* \>’<>rl<l. It hu' been

the undisputed claim of Au.--tria that she possesses
the deepest metal mine in the world, the Maria shalt
at the mines of Przibram. which was 3.673 feet belov-
the surface at the time of the g-reat fire in 1892. It
has now been surpassed, says the I'^ui^uwcruig ami
Jountai. bv the No. 3 shaft of the Tamarack
Copjier Mining Company, in Michig-an. wliich. on
December 1. was 3.640 feet deep, and is now more
than 3.7()0 feet, the average rate of sinking- being-
about 7.3 feet a month. This makes it beyond ques-
tion the deepest metal mine in existence, and only
one other shaft has reached a greater depth, that of
a coal mine in Belgium, for which 3.900 feet are
claimed. The Adabert shaft in Germany reached a
depth of 3.281 feet.

<*!• of I llVblltioils. - It is not everyone who
appreciates the importance oi helping the inventors
along-. They are the salt of the eart'.i. Congress
can well go out of its way to consider any law which
to any extent will assist them in getting- a fair re-
turn for their ideas. If a sy.stem of laws could fin-
alh- be enacted giving- full and fair compensation
to each invent(.)r promptly, as one by one he discov-
ered the secrets of nature, there would not be. as
there are at present, so many of nature's secrets hid-
den from us. We mig-ht find that, instead of this
world being one of incessant toil, nature intended
it to be one of comparative ease, and instead of be-
ing a world of incessant worry, perhaps we should
find nature intended it to be one of comparative con-
tentment. I i/it'i'ica?! Joiuyiai of Foliiics.

in Cost «»f Traiisiioi’tiitioii. The cost
of transportation has been on the decline for the last
19 or 12 years, and even for a much longer period.
The decline in rates per ton per mile on all the rail-
roads of the c<nintry has been from 1.236 cents t('
.967 cents from 1882 to 1892. The decline for this pe-
riod was the least in the middle and central north-
ern States, and the greatest in the South Atlantic
and Gulf States and the northwestern States. The
latter embraced the Granger systems. The result
of these heavj- declines has been disastrous in many
instances, being more than the railroads c<mld bear.
It g(jes to show, however, that the cost of transpcjr-
tation is downward, which is an important factor in
the cost of merchandise. Time and cost per mile of
transportation are great agencies in ecpializing
prices in different markets. (iart’iit'.

A Nom*1 I\iiili'oa<l I’ropositioii. The Poinilists
of Kansas are taking- the lead in the proposed “ North
and South" railroad to connect Kansas. Nebraska.
South and North Dakota with the Gulf. It is pro-
posed that the farmers along the proposed line build,
pay for and own the road. Treasurer Griffin, in a
long- circular, tells how it is t<j be accomplished :
“ The plan proposes for the issuing of stock at 5199
per share. Each purchaser of a share of stock is to
receive twenty-two five dollar transportation certifi-
cates. which also may be purchased sejiaratelv.
When the road is completed these will be received as
cash for half the price of tickets, freight and other
charges. Income construction bonds are also to be
issued by the company in sums of 53. 519 and 529.
These bear 3 per cent, interest and are to be jiaid
out of the income of the road. They will be received
for all dues, with a premium of 3 per cent, added.
Cities, counties and t<jwnships will be asked to vote
bonds to aid in the construction of the road. Lastly,
the road may not be bonded to exceed 519.999 jjer
mile. ' '

A \\’:it«*l- IJieycU*. — Atfirstsighta water bicycle
would seem a difficult thing to construct, but reallv
it is very simple. Take two cylindrical air floats,
and. placing them parallel with each other, fasten
them tog-ether at a suitable distance apart. Here
you have a raft. Now suspend the frame of the bi-
cycle between the two. so that the front wheel will
pass into the ’.vater to the depth <jf two or three inches.
This forms the steering- apparatus. Now fi.x to the
spokes of the rear wheel cross-pieces of wood, pre-
cisely as the wheel of a side-wheeled steamer is con-
structed. and the propelling power is g-ained. The
whole is capable of great improvement, for as now
the ordinary bicycle is applied to the float, special
and much chea]3er forms could be got up. and also
more of an advantag-e could be had in the econcjiny
of power. Indeed, one would have to g-o but a few
steps further, and attach the twin-screw propeller
to the aquatic novelty to produce desired results.
As it now stands, the scope of the idea is limited to
still water, the slightness of the affair making- it

dangerous in it- ap])lieatioii !.- .vat' - -
turbulent. //t/ ire.

I0\ t rn cl i I ig (jlold IVom Itcds olKiici-^. 1; i-

a well known fact tliat there ha- iieeii lie].' for

ag-es. in the bed- of man\ we-tern river-- f: eo ’ia
wa.-h of g-old-bearing- mountain-, much we.-i-’’- r: ')■■■
shape of tine particle- of the precic.u- e e-. s.
plentiful are these particle- of g..lii in the t ' ; u bi.i

river, that Chinamen tind it jirotitable t.. w rk ’ia
bars in the ]jrimiti\-e wav of pan and shaker. .\
great many scheme- h.-ive been ].)ropo-ed for W 'rk-
ing the bed.- of river- <'ontaining' g-old depo-it-. A
partial solution of the problem cxi-t- in Idalio .,ii tin-
Snake river where a big floating- barge h:i- been c. m-
structed and is now at work. It is a tlat bo.-it. jiro-
pelled by steam a:id c-oustructed on the ])rim-ipie of
a dredg-e. with a -uccces-ion of scoop- on an eiidle--
chain. each with a cajjacity of about 2’' pounds.
This is delivered in a hojijier or .-igitator. The gold
is caught by the use of quicksilver on the copper
plates. By this scheme about 19(i ton.- of gr.-ivel i .-in
be worked daily. This system i- vert- good for work-
ing- shallow streams and sand bar- but will hardly
do for rivers where the bed rock is down any con-id-
erable distance. Mr. E. H. Bly. of Bi.-marck. North
Dakota, a gentleman who ha- -pent some time in in-
vestigating the characteristics of these western gold-
bearing- mountain streams, has in vented what won Id
seem to be a more practical means of e.xtracting the
accumulated deposit- of gold from river beds. Hi-
scheme is similar to the caisson used in -inking the
piers of bridg-es in rivers of the nature of the lower
Mississippi and Missouri. By emloying a portable
combination caisson Mr. Bly figures he can use a
syphon for the expulsion of the sand and water down
to bed rock ;ind thus work out the precious metal
that undoubtedly has accumulated in fabulou.-ly
rich quantities in manv of the stream- having- their
source in the Rocky Mountains.

The Order of In'-ention.

The order in which inventions succeed one another
g-enetically i- a mimicry of the order of Nature. In
the plant and animal world, whether we regard the
evolution of the individual or of the species, the pro-
gress is from the simple or lu.imogeneous to the com-
plex or heterogeneous or complicated form. Now in
working out the family trees of invention,- no other
method should be fi.illowed. But here is a real trouble.
Place and environment govern to a large extent art,-
and industries. So. the parentag-e and descent are
disguised in the materials and other limitations.
But. with caution, it is ])ossible to establish a cer-
tain number of g-rades or steps of culture, say seven,
according to Morg-an. and to arrang-e each occujia-
tion or calling- of men along*- in a scale. Suppose one
should rule a large sheet of paper into eight column-,
reserving the left hand column for the n.-ime- of in-
vention of activities. At the top of the other seven
columns he would place the Roman numerals. I VH.
In the spaces under the-e and corresp* mding- to each
line represented by some cla-sific word should be
written the term which indicates the progress at that
stage. The whole chart would then represent the
progress of the world. For instance, cooking- of corn
is thus given in Payne's history of America : “ I.
tlreen corn torrefied, and rubbed in the hands to de-
tach the husk; H. Ripe corn torrefied or otherwise
pounded or ground or made into paste : HI. t'orn
steeped and boiled, furmet : IV. Meal boiled in water,
porridge : V. Paste rolled into thin cake- and fried
or grilled ; VI. Paste baked into thin cakes, unleav-
ened bread : VH. Leavened bread.” Every thing- or
process. or implement, or institution, or law of man is
capable of similar treatment. Indeed, the follow-
ing up of these lines together would constitute the
history of ciyilization. t>. T. M kson.

Brighter Outlook in .\ustralia.

One i)f llu- main drags upiiii tin- progress nf .-tu-lralian jiro-
ductiveness. says the MeHioiirne 7'. /,grn//i. has been in a great
degree removed. The general reduction in wages opens up
channels for the employ menl of labor which have not hitherto
existed, and in an e.xpansion in our export tra<le the most
material and the earliest amelioration of the e.xi-ling depres-
sion is to be sought for. Soniethitig is being done in this di-
rection now. ami if Australia is engaged in learning how t»> pat
for its imitortations by e.vchange of merchandise rather than
by increased indebted ries- it will -<nni get accustomed to the
altered conditions. We may even dread that before another
eighteen months have gone by there will be too much eagernes-
on the part of the British investor to again embark his capital
in Australian enterprise. It is signilicant that deposits in the
reconst ructetl Australian banks Itave already risen to par in
the London niarkt*t.

Whalebacks as War Ships.

A board appointed b\ the Secretary of the Navy. con''i>>tijiLr *'1
Commander Sperry, of the Ordnance Bureau: Assistant Con-
structor Hibbs. and A'^sistant Knyineer White, is now eriLra.ired
in an examination of the models, plans and specifications of
Capt. Alexander McI)ou,<rall. of West Superior. Wis., which was
submitted with a view of providinjr for an auxiliary' naval force
on the yreat lakes. Capt. McDou^all is the ori.^inator of the
whaleback idea and his proposition is not only to construct men-
of-war on this principle, but to modify and stren,^then existinir
vessels of this type to carry armament when needed. Tin-
board will endeavor to find out what effect placinj,’- a '^ixty-ton
ifuii on a whaleback ship will have on the vessel, and it is not
unlikely that Capt. McDouirall will ask for a test to demonstrate
the feasibility of the scheme he propt»ses.

A( )

TTHE INVENTIVE AQE

ELECTRIC TRANSPORTATION.

A No^ el System Proposed for Rapid 1 ransit from
Chicago to New York.

The agitation of the question of Erie canal boat
pnq)ulsion by electricity has given renewed interest
in the ])ro])osed scheme of ra])id electric transit bv
rail between the two great cities. Alonzo C. Mather
of Chicago has conceived the idea of combining, prac-
tically in one system, the electric pro])ulsion of boat,-,
on the Erie canal and fast express and passenger
trains along the banks of the canal, on what is fa-
miliarly known as the ‘’tow path.” He arg'ues that
throughout the course of the Erie canal the same
system of wiring which would su])])ly tlie current to
the cars could be utilized to propel the canal boats

ju'oper enlargement or deepening of the canal. In-
deed. if the plan is found to operate satisfact(.)rily.
the next logical and necessary step would iirobabH"
be to so improve the canal as to enable the use (jf
larger boats. But for the present I £im cjuite con-
vinced that the proper ccnirse is to give electric pro-
pulsion a fair tri.'il, and, if it accomplishes what is
claimed for it. a new era of activity and prosperity
sliould begin for our canals, drain has been cjirried
during the hist season from Chicago to Buffalo for
as low as one cent a bushel: boatmen can carrv it
profitably at two cents a bushel. If by cheaper and
quicker propulsion the cost from Buffalo to New
York by way of the Erie canal can be reduced to
three cents a bushel. ;is is reasonable to suppose,
there is no other carrying route that can successfulh-
conqiete with it. and a continuance of New York's
supremacy is assured. Moreover, the harnessing of
the tremendous water torrent of Niagara to the
wheels of industrv ^vill furnish the cities of Buffalo

diameter, to which four screw blades were attached.
To turn the propeller out of water required 5.3.s c. h.
p.. which should therefore be subtracted from the
above figures.

It will be noted that an inordinate amount of power
w:is required and little more to propel the boat at
4.24 miles per hour than at 2.6.S miles, which is a dis-
crepancy licit easily e.xplained. In deep water it re-
ipiires more than four times ;is much power to pro-
]iel a vessel at the higher speed given over that
required for the lower speed, and the power required
in the latter case with the float experimented on
would probably not exceed three or four h. ]>. in deep
water.

Additional interest is attached to the question of
electricity on the Erie canal bv reason of Mr. Math-

SIDK \-ll‘.\V Ilk I’KcilMi.SKD XEW
at a great reduction over the cost of separate svs-
tems. That electricity will be :i]iplied in some man-
ner. either by the use of storag'e batteries or overhead
trolley, to the propulsion of canal boats, is onlv a
([uestion of time and a matter of determination ;is
to which system is the most feasible. In his annual
message to the New York legislature, delivered Jan-
uary 2. it will be remembered that (lovernor Flower

and Rochester and all Western New York with the
cheapest jiower for manufacturing in the United
States. We may look forward to the time when the
great flour mills of the wc.irld will be located there,
for the cheapness of power would more than compen-
sate for the cost of transport;ition of grain from tlie
fields of the Northwest. So with other manuf.ac-
tories. Then, more than ever, will be needed cheap
transport;ition through the State. Todav the Erie
canal does not carry one half its capacity. Reduce

er's c o m b i n e d
scheme illustra-
ted herewith. Mr.
Mather says he
has confined him-
self, in working
out his system, en-
tirely to the limits
of the Erie canal
tow ]iath and the
Erie canal proper,
which will allow
ample room for
a great double
tixLck. high speed,
electric system
without interfer-
ing or inconven-
ience to any one.
The conditions
necessary to run
a train with ne;ir-
ly absolute safety at a laite of speed of 100 miles
an hour, or more, are set forth Iiy Mr. Mather-
such as solid ro;id bed. with third rail to prevent all
possibilities of derailment by spreading of rails, or
swiiving of the train : reduction of friction to the
niiniinum, by the use of heavier and higher rail in
the center tluin on the outside: the studying of causes
of accidents and applying means lessening them, etc.

reci inimended
in very stong
ter m s t h e
udiqition o f
electricity to
take the ]ilace
of the jirim-
itive m e a n s
still employed

horses and
mules. The
(lovernor ar-
gues that the
iidoption of
e 1 e c t r i c i t
would double
the present
speed of two
miles an hour,
which speed,
it has been
demonstrated
the banks of
the canal will stiind. The (rovernor comiiares the
cost of ste.'im and electricity and finds in the latter
system a prospective saving of 20 to .10 per cent. It
is argued that the benefit to the c;inal would be im-
measurably greater than benefit which would How
from all the proposed enlargements, and need not
cost the State a penny. Boatmen could make many
more trips in a season, fewer emjiloves would be
needed on each bo;it, no money would be required
for horses and mules, the large space occupied bv the
steam boiler and engine would be saved for freight,
and danger from fire or explosion would be avoided.
At the same time the increased tonnage and business
of the canals would provide more eniplovnient and
more remunerative occupation for boatmen. Eontin-
uing the (Governor said :

"This plan need not interfere, either, with any

; MAXX’KK Ilk l>K(il>kLkIX<. IJO.tTS msi.KACE To

the cost of transportation and increase the speed and
the tonnage will increase, and when the tonnage in-
creases then will lie the proper time to seriously con-
sider expensive schemes of enlargement.”

Bearing on the feasibility of the scheme, in his
annual report. Superintendent of Canals Edward
Hannen jirints without comment tlie report of Mr.
C. R. Barnes, city electrician of Rochester, whom he
had engaged as electrical e.Xjiert for the recent trial
of trolley electrical canal propulsion. Two tables
are included in the rejinrt. giving the result of meas-
urements made, of which the following are theaver-
ages :

Averairr .spi*^!. .Xmperi-s. Volls. E. H. P.

2.ti.S miles i)3.0S f4.X7

4.24 miles (i3.5S 313 20.21

The boat was 98 feet long and equipped with a
"dish pan” propeller having a disc of ,511-2 inches

THE XIXETEEXTH CENTURY.

( )n the necessity for immediate relief for ':he Erie
canal boatmen, Mr. Mather shows by authentic fig-
ures that the relative cost of propelling boats on the
Erie canal bv steam and horse power is, for round
triji as follows : steam, s^4()0, for a fleet of four
boats — about $11)0 for each boat : horse power, $237.40
each boat — about $137 greater than bi' steam.

Electriciti' will effect a still greater saving and
is unquestionably the coming power for the pro-
jiulsion of canal boats as well as for cars, for the
simple reason it is so particularly well adapted
to do this work, and can be applied with com-
pjiratively slight expense. The accompanying illus-
trations contrast the present means of transpor-
tation with that proposed for the great nautical high-
way from the lakes to the ocean.

TH.E: INVH;NTiVE AOr

-41

New Electric Road Carriages.

The development of electrical science i.s becoming
more and more noticeable on every hand, but more
particularly in the line of power and light. Fi.)r the
propulsion of railway car.s and canal boats electricity
has ])roven a success, and its application to vehicles
not confined to water or rail is just now passing out
of the experimental stag'e into the field of practical
utility’. This is an age of rapid transit and the de-
mand is no less on the streets of a great city or the
h.ighways of agricultural districts than, oti the rail-
way systems and in lake, river and ocean traffic.
The speed of the horse, developed to its greatest ca-
pacit)'. is not sufficient to meet the requirements of
the people and the inventor and scientist is called
upon to apply electricity to land vehicles. Germany
and France have taken the lead in experiineiits lead-
ing to the ]>erfection of electrical vehicle hicomo-
tion. The Benz nujtor andmotor-wagon, first sh.own
at the Munich Exposition, is a practical solution of
a mechanical road and street wagon. This inven-
tion is built on perfect lines of construction and is
readv for practical use. ffver 500 of tliem ;ire now
in use in Germany.

As a system of street car locomotion experiments
have been made with the Benz motor, and complete
success has been demonstrated. The most valuable
of practical results have been attained as to speed,
piower and cost of operation. From the point of
cost the figures already at hand, from actual e.xper-
ments. show that this form of power is far cheaper
than any other system yet devised. Xot only has
actual Use and demonstration of utility and success
set its seal of approval on the Benz motor as an agent
of anj' sort of travel by land, but rovaltv as well has
stamped its api)r(jbation on the invention. An ac-
coinpanving illustration shows a motor cab that lias
risen into fame. For in it. on September 9 last,
the Emperor \\hlliam rode from Maxau to Eau-
terburg in company with Instructor Frederick
C. Haas of the company. The trip, a distance of
fifteen miles, was made in thirty-five minutes, an
average speed of two and a third minutes to the mile.
During the run his Roj'al Hig-hness entered into the
spirit of the occasion, showing' the greatest interest
and enthusiasm and speeding' the carriage to the ti>p
notch of its capacity . Several continuous miles were
covered at a very much faster rate of speed. f)n his
return home the Emperor ordered a very luxurious
pleasure carriag'e to be built at once for his private
use.

In Kheims. France, the application of electricity
as motive power for carriages used on public hig'h-
ways has become s(j general that it is made th.e sub-
ject of an official consular report, in which Consul
Henrv P. du Bellet g'oes into the matter with g'reat
detail.

The first aj)]ilication of electricity to this mode of
locomotion dates back to 1881, when the late Gaston
Planclie, a Frenchman, made the first experiments,
which, however, jsroved unsuccessful at that time,
principally on account of the imperfection of the
sheets used, which was lacking in energy, strength
and durability. In 1888 Mr. Immisch built in Lon-
don, for the Sultan of Turkey, an electric dog'cart
resembling the dog'cart of Mr. Mag^'iius Volt, of
Brighton, at a cost of 5.000 francs. The battery
used in this dog'cart was sufficient to propel it during
five hours at a speed of 16 kilometers per hour (9
miles 1,484 yards). The battery weighed 350 kilo-
grams (770 pounds) and the whole vehicle ready for
the road, exclusive of passengers, weighed 575 kilo-
grams (1,243 pounds). The motor used was the
“ Motor Immisch,” of one horse power, which, in its
full capacity, absorbed from 20 to 25 amperes and 46
volts, or from 1.000 to 1,200 electric watts.

The latest electric carriage is that of Mr. Paul
Pouchain. of Armentieres, department of Nord.
France, and it is considered as the solution of the
problem studied for man3' j-ears b^' the French elec-
tricians.

The carriage is a six-place ph:eton built on four
wheels. All its ujiper partis movable, so as to facil-
itate the inspection and care of the condensers
and electric motor. The electric current is fur-

nished by a battery of cojidensers ‘'Dujardin” com-
posed of si.x boxes of nine elements, or altogether
fifty-four elements. Each bo.x is 44 centimeters (17
inches) in length, 33 centimeters (14 inches) in width,
and 31 centimeters (13.6 inches) in heightli.

Each element contains one positive and two neg'a-
tive sheets incl<.)sed in a box of ebonite. The nine
elements are coupled together in tension and
alrvavs in the same manner. The recipient con-
taining' tlie elements is hermetically' closed with a
piece of ebonite, and the lower part of the lid is
covered with a thin jjiece of rubber one millimeter
(three one-hundreths of an inch) thick and extend-
ing outside about one centimeter (three-tenths of an
inch). AVheti the lid is placed on the box, the rub-
ber is thrown up and hermetically' closes the ele-
ment. Tims each element can be easily- inspected,
examined and kejit in good Condition. The nine ele-
ments are inclosed in a box made out of pitch pine,
forming thus six batteries entirely- independent and
communicating through, tyvelve yvires (two in a box)
to the commutat<'ir. The commutator, made out of
bronze, is a cy-linder in the shape of a dodecag'on, on
ten sides of yvhich are placed pieces of copper elec-
trically insulated from the body- of the commutat<ir
and connected together in a permanent manner.
In using the ley-er the commutator turns and can be
placed in fiy-e different positions establishing con-
tacts betyveen the pieces of copper and fourteen
elastic jayys communicating through tyvelve yvires

lig-hts ])laced in the three lanterns, and an intei'yer-
ter to back the carriage.

Under the vehicle are found soft yvires. which can
be connected yvith a stationary dynamo for the ])ur-
]iose of reloading' till.- batteries. 'I'he ni-'ch.'i ni-n: for
guiding the carriage is a])])lied to tin fore ])ai't of
the carriage, to yvhich is added a screw wheel juit in
motion by an endless sci'eyv ending undi :' 'in- hand
of the driver and of very- easy managemen'.

This carriage, all ready to yvork. yveigh- l..s'n
kilograms, or 2.979 pounds, and carries .-.ix p.-i-sen-
geiis. ( )n a ]iavement in an average condition 7n
kilometers (42 U milesi can be covered at a speed of
16 kilometers (9 miles 1,484 yardsi per Iiour yvithout
reloading the batteries, and the can'iag'(.- can be
turned entirely- around on a street less tlmn 4 meters
(13.1 feet) yvide.

On a level and on an averag-e ])avement the usual
s])eed naturally' depends on the number of accumu-
lators. the greatest speed — 19 kilometors (9 miles
1.484 yards) per hour — being' furnished by- using six
batterie.s on tension.

An Invention .Needed.

THE BENZ ELECTRIC CARRIAGE USED BY EMPEROR WILLI.VM.

to six batteries and throug'h tyvo yvires to the motor.

The folloyving are the connections made by’ the com-
mutator in its five positions :

at rc^t. — All the ccTideiisei'S cii'cuil di.sconiitH'led. Mo-
tor in short circuit putting on the brake for sto]>page.

Positioi oj first — The six batteries ])lace(! in deriy ation

on the motor (IT volts;.

I^osition of srrond sprrd. — Three batteries of two elenieiits on
tension (34 volts).

I’osition of third sprrd. — Tyvo batteries of three elements on
tension (50 volts).

J^ositiofi of fourth sfrcd. — The si.x batteries on tension ' loit volts .

The motor is of the sy'stem " Rechniewsky- ” of a
normal energy- of 2.009 watts, able, when necessary.

1 may giy-e another tip to inventors its to the de-
sirability' of proy'iding a means of closing- water-
tigrht Vjulkhead doors of large y'essels. in time of dan-
g'er. from the upper deck or fr<un some center ]iosi-
tion. As it is. these doors are stout and he:iy-y : they
slide in yvay's yvhich m.'iy- or
may- not maintain their truth
in y'ieyy of the striiins to yvhich
the yyhoie is subjected ; they
are not kept yvell lubricated,
lalthoug-h the use of black lead
for these would be better th.an
the grease at ])resent em-
ploy-ed). there should of course
be some alarm that would
prey-ent any- one being' caug-ht
taetyy'een the door and the bulk-
head. yvhich yyas the cause of
the lamentable de;ith of Com-
modoi'e Garner of one of our
Neyy York _y-acht clubs some
years ag'o. -Vt present, the
proy'isions for keejiing' the
doors closed are y-erv g-i.xjd.
they- are (.if ten locked and the
key- is hid ayvay- in some place
near the door knoyvn only
tci the man billed to take
charg'e cif that post, oris in the pocket of that man,
yvho may happen tci be in some distant ])art of the
sliip. Still, difficulty’ of g-etting- the doors open is
much preferable tc.i delay- or risk in getting them
closed. Such an arrangenient as is now used to
open the doors of the Broadyvav Theatre, frcim any-
one of eig-ht p(.iints in the house, in time of fire,
might lie used with suitable alarm, to close these
bulkhead dc'ors. Such a proy'ision yvould hay’c sjiared
us the heart-sickening catastrophe of the 5'ictoria,
so recently- run down by- her sister y-essel the Cam-
perdoyvn. RoBjyKT GKiMSH.\y\'.

to develope as much more. It is placed in the center
of the carriage, and, by- the means of a Yaucanson
(endless) chain, puts in motion a shaft revoly-ing' on
the sy-stem of differential motion.

Oy-er the back yvheels are placed four batteries of
accumulators or condensers, the motor and the dif-
ferential sj'stem controlling the yvheels : under the
front seats are the tyvo other batteries, a commutator
coupler and a tool box. On the dashboard is an

Recent Electrical Improx ements.

Thomas A. Edison lias recently- been dey-oting'
himself t<3 imjjroving his phonog-raph. The im-
proy-ements consist in doubling'' the cajiacity- of the
cy'linders. a neyv, less expensiy-e and more efficient
battery, increasing the y-olume (if sound and gen-
eral effectiy-eness of the instrument and reducing its
original ci.ist and ojieration.

Another (if Mr. Edison's recent iny-entions -one
calculated to amuse and entertain the ijublic — is
called the kinetog-raph. to be operated someyvhat on
the lines of a nickel-in-the-slot machine. The
kinetog-raph is an instrument for instantaneous jiho-
tographv. controlled by a peculiarly constructed
mech.anism yvhich is said to cause the instrument to
produce about forty- photographs jier minute. The
machine operates so rapidly- that ey-er_y- motion of a
dancer's feet, athletic or other interesting- perform-
ance is instantly- and accurately- transferred to a
gelatine strip. It is the purpose to produce the gel-
atine strips at some central point, -foryvard them to
the different machines, yvhich are set in motion by
dropping a nickel in the slot, yy-hen the scenes are
repeated in full y-ieyy- of the spectator.

-42

'F I Hr: 1 X f: X 'V l 1£

Interference Proceedings in the Patent Office.

By Bicmuki- W. Skkkki.i., Xew York.

[Read Befon- tlu> American As-;(iciation of Inventors ami Man-
ufacturers. Jan. ](>. l.s‘14. 1

The I.fiiited State.s is the only country where an
intelligent provision is made for determining who i.s
the first inventor of a particular itnprovement.

Interference proceedings have been developed to
their present cotidition b_v rules founded on exjier-
ience rather than by ex’tress statute.

Sec. 9 of the act of 179,1 provided for the a]ipoint-
ment of arbitrators as follows :

•'That in case of interfering applicatictns, the
same shall be stibmitted to the arliitration of three
persons, one of whom shall be chosen by each of the
applicants, and the third person shall be a]3])ointed
by the Secretary of State : and the decision or award
of such arbitrators, delivered to the Secretary of
State in writing, and subscribed bv them, or any
two of them, shall be final as far as respects the
granting of the patent ; and if either of the appli-
cants shall refuse or fail to choose an arbitrator, the
patent shall issue to the opposite party. And where
there shall be more than two interfering applica-
tions. and the parties ajiplyin.g shall not all unite in
appointing three arbitrators, it shall be in the power
of the Secretarv of State to appoint three arbitra-
tors for the purpose."

Sec. 5 of the act of 1790 and Sec. lo of the act of
17‘^i3 provided that a patent should be repealed if it
was not granted to the first and true inventor, but
Sec. 9 of the last named act was the first to provide
for deciding who was the first inventor before the
patent was granted.

Hy the law of lis3fi the Commissic.mer of Patents
was charged with the diuv of determining priority
of invention between interfering apjilica.tions or be-
tween an ap])lication and an unexp/ired jiatent.
From the decision of the Commissioner an appeal
might be taken to a board of e.xaminers ajipointed
by the Secretary of State, before whom the jiarties
could a])pear with their evidence, and the qiie.stion
was to determine " which or whether either of the
applicants is entitled to receive a patent as prayed
for."

Tliis act of lS3(j. Sec. lb. provided for a review of
decisions by bill in equity so as to declare either pat-
ent invalid or tliat an applicant is entitled m receive
a patent " as the fact of priority of riyht or invention
shalt in any such case he made to appeals" and the act
of 1S39 allowed an ajipe.al to be taken t(.) the Chief
Justice of the District Court of the United States for
the District of Columbia. This was subsequentlv, in
lS.s2. extended to either of the assistant judges.

In the rules in force as late as ISbb no particular
order for taking' testimony was ])r(.>vided. The in-
terference notice was sent to the parties and a day
fixed for closing testimony and another date for the
hearing. Notices had to be served (jf the time and
place of taking testimony and (.ipportunity given for
cross examination, and access was allowed to the tes-
timony of tlie Opposite party in the jiresence of an
officer.

Under this condition one party delayed taking tes-
timony as long as jiossilile in the hope that the other
party would take his testimony and show his hand
first, and unscrupulous parties sometimes gave no-
tice for takings testimony simultaneously in two or
three ])laces, or for taking- testimony at the same
time as an opponent, so as to jn'event if possible
cross examination of witnesses or to hamper an op-
ponent.

In the rules of .Vug. 1, 1869, the order for taking-
testimony was first defined so that the first apjili-
cant to make oath to the invention was required
to take testimony by a certain time, and the other
applicant or applicants were assigned times for tes-
timony and rebuttal. Thus order was partially
evolved from disorder and chaos.

By the rules of November 1869 the order for taking
testimony was made the reverse of the dates of filing
the application, and when an interference was
requested with a patent that had been g-ranted more
than two years, the applicant was " required to file
an affidavit setting- forth the date and history of his
invention.” This is believed to be the origin of the
present requirement of Preliminary Statements.

In the rules of July, 1879, Commissioner Fisher

first required the filing- by each party of a sworn
statement of the date and history of the invention.
This however was not termed a " Preliminary State-
mentuntil the rules of 1871 were published. In re-
quiring such ]n'eliminary statements the name of the
opponent was not given.

The law of 1870 repealed all the prior laws that
were in force, and Sec. 42 alone applied directly to
interferences : it however did not change the princi-
])les upon which a decision was to be made but re-
quired the primary examiner to determine the ques-
tiiin of priority of invention. An ap]ieal could be
taken to Examiners in Chief or to tlie Commissioner.
but Sec. yV prevented an appeal to the District Court
in interference cases.

The Revised Statutes approved in 1874 and which
took the place of the prior acts, repeat in Sec. 4904
the ]3r<.)visions of Sec. 42 of the act of 1870, and Sec.
4011 still prevented an appeal in interferences from
the decision of the Commissioner.

The rules as they are now in force have been
evolved by the necessities that have arisen fr(3m
time to time. Sec. 490,s R. S.. allowed the Commis-
sioner to make rules for taking- testimony, etc. Sec.
47,s R. S.. makes the Patent Office a part of the De-
])artment of the Intei'i(jr, and Sec. 481 requires the
•• Commissioner of Patents under the direction of the
Secretary of the I nterior." to " superintend or per-
form all duties respecting the granting' and issuing
of patents directed by law," and Sec. 483 requires
the establishment of regulations subject to the ap-
proval of the Secretary of the Interior.

In the rules of March. 1873 Commissioner Leg-g-ett
required the names of the opposing- ajjplicants and
dates of fil 'mg to be given in c.alling for preliminary
statements, and a clause was added that the parties
would be strictly held in their proofs to the date set
up in their preliminary statements.

In the rules of Aug-ust 1877 Commissioner Sjiear
inserted a clause allowing corrections to be made to
preliminary statements where error had arisen
thri,)ugh inadvertance or mistake and upon showing
of the same to the satisfaction of the Commissioner.

Commissioner Paine in 1879, revised the rules con-
('crning interferences, and the date of the o])ponent's
application was not furnished, and the duties of the
Examiner of Interferences were more clearly de-
fined.

When Commissioner Marble t(jok charg'-e of the
( iffice he sought to enforce the rules with rigor, and
in the middle of 1881, refused permission to one of
iiiY' clients to ;imend his ])reliminary statement, by
referring to a caveat on file in the (Jffice, which in
the multitude of other applications and caveats the
inventor h.'id forgotten. This was clearly illeg-al, as
the request was within the rule allowing correction
of preliminary statement, and as the question re-
lated to the interpretation and enforcement of the
rules. I carried the matter on ajipeal to the Secretary
of the Interior under Sec. 475 and 481 R. S. The ap-
peal was entertained and the Commissioner was
overruled. After this the Secretary substantially
constituted himself an appellate tribunal in all inter-
ference matters.

This. I was well satisfied, was a mistake, but inas-
much as the way was open for such an appeal, it
was availed of in numerous interferences.

In the case of Gill vs. Scott, the Examiner of In-
terferences and Examiners in Chief decided in favor
of Scott, but the Commissioner reversed their decis-
ion, and an appeal was taken to the Secretary of the
Interior, and he decided in favor of Scott ; thereupon
the Commissioner refused to receive Gill’s final fee,
and Hoe, assignee of Gill, applied in 1884 for a man-
damus, and the Supreme Court of the District of
Columbia decided in subst.ance that the Secretary of
the Interior has not jurisdiction, and this terminated
all ajipeals to the Secretary of the Interior in inter-
ferences. (O. G. 27, P. 519).

In the original appeal before mentioned, the mat-
ter of receiving an ;imendment to a preliminary
statement was properly decided by the Secretary of
the Interior, and an appeal will still hold to him in
any matter concerning the interpretation or enforce-
ment of any rule. (O. G. 63, P. 1687).

The Rules of Practice in interference cases are in-
tended to secure justice, but interferences are often
instituted where they ought to be avoided. It some-
times happens tliat the wording of the issue is differ-
ent from the claims of either party, and the Exam-
iner has made up the issue from his own standpoint,
and neither part}' desires an interference or could
make the claim proposed, as the applicants may pos-
sess information concerning which the Examiner is
ig-norant. It is believed that the practice wo'uld be
simplified by the addition of a rule generally as fol-
lows :

When an E-xaminer finds substantially the same
patentable invention in two pending applications or
in a pending application and an unexpired patent,
he shall notify the respective parties what the sup-
l)osed nov'el subject matter is: and where such sub-
ject matter is different from the claim or claims as
originally applied for or granted, he shall require
within twenty days a new oath claiming such sub-
ject matter and setting- forth that it has not been in
public use more than two years, or else a statement
showing why the subject matter is not patentable or
why the wording should be chang'ed ; and in case
either party alleges public use for more than two
years, the place and times shall be g>-iven under oath
or affirmation, and the action of the Examiner shall
lie taken in the light of the infurmation so fur-
nished."

It would in most cases be advantageous to have
the grounds of interference well examined and use-
less interferences avoided, especially where neither
party desires a contest. < )n the other hand, an in-
terference should always'be instituted where sub-
stantially the same invention is involved, ni/n/r/n/nrs'
should not be altoioed to go to issue simply because
they are ivorded d ijfc'rentty from the claims in another
application or fatent.

This Association cannot do a greater service to the
cause of jn'otection to inventions than to denounce
in the most unmeasured tern.is the views that have
been promulgated by some in the pr<jfession and
even t)v some of the officials, that the invention con-
sists in the words in which a claim is framed. This
is nonsense. A man does not patent words; the in-
vention is the thing- that is jiatented, and the words
of the claim are simjily the medium b}- which atten-
tion is dr.iwn to the special features of invention
that the applicant desires to protect ; and because
one pers<m ring's the changes in words and express-
ions and combinati<ins without number, the inven-
tion remains the same, and it is an Examiner’s duty
to see if the inventions contain the same patentable
subject matter regardless of the words of the claims.

Attention has been called to this phase of Inter-
ference Proceeding'-s. in the hopes that such meet-
ing's as the ]iresent may serve to mould professional
and official opinions into an appreciation of the jus-
tice and pro]iriety of exercising the best judgment
and common sense in the intricate and difficult pro-
ceedings that are inseparable from the determina-
tion of questions of priority of invention.

The profession appreciates these difficulties, but
the g-eneral public, members of Congress and others
are <iften not sufficiently familiar with such proceed-
ings to understand the nice discriminations and care-'
fill considerations required in making a judg'nient.

Sec. 4919 R. S., speaks of a prior inventor "who
was using reasonable diligence in adapting and per-
fecting." This statement underlies every decision
in an interference. In the race of diligence, the first
to start does not gain the prize unless he is diligent.
The matter of diligence may be modified by poverty,
sickness, or even by ignorance of what might over-
come a difficulty. Besides this, an invention is not
an experiment that falls short of accomplishing the
desired object, neither is an invention a desire to ac-
complish a certain object unless it is accompanied
by a recognition and dev'elopment by sketches or de-
scriptions of the means necessary to effect that ob-
ject.

In the multitude and complicated character of the
questions thus arising and which are never alike in
two cases, I have charity even for those who may de-
cide against me, and I am disposed to believe them
sincere and to have exercised their best judgment,
even in cases where an interference decision may
appear contrary to common sense. An illustration

TMIC rXVEXTI\n£

iu point existed in a case where tliere were some ten
or twelve claimants in an interference, and about
fifteen attorneys were concerned from first to last,
and the proceeding's extended during- a period of
more than three years, and motions without number
had been made and decided. The Examiner of In-
terferences decided in favor of two <T the parties,
one count to each. The Examiners in Chief decided
in favor of a different partj', and when the Commis-
sioner rendered a decision he reworded the counts of
the interference so as to put one of the devises where
it could not work, and at this all parties concerned
had to laug-h : and after it was all over, it was dis-
covered that the Examiner had used words in the
count to mean something different from what either
of the inventors, the Examiners in Chief, the nu-
merous counsel, the Examiner of Interferences or
the Commissioner, had appreciated or considered.

A bill was introduced in Congress about a year
ago to overthrow the entire system of interference
proceedings and to put applicants to considerable
trouble, and finally to decide nothing and even to
g-rant a patent that was known to be invalid, and
this was officially favored.

Inventors and manufacturers are under bblig-ation
to this Association because this ill-conceived plot was
frustrated and the bill defeated ])rincipally by the
efforts put forth by your committee on legislation.

One more subject. What think you of appeals in
interference proceedings ?

The laws of 1870 and 1874. expressly prevented ap-
peals to the Supreme Court of the District of Colum-
bia in interferences, but when the Court of Appeals
of the District of Columbia was constituted bj' the
act that went into force April 3, 1893. appeals in in-
terferences were permitted.

This proceeding not only involves delav and e.x-
pense but often a different attorney who is ig-norant
of the case, as the rules of the Court prevent a pat-
ent agent or solicitor appearing unless he has been
duly admitted to the bar of that court.

Commissioners of Patents are changed for {Polit-
ical and other reasons every two or three years on
the average, and the executive duties (jf the Com-
missioner are so great that the labor of examining-
and deciding interferences should not be added
thereto, but the appeal to the court does not lessen
his duties, as he must decide before the appeal can
be taken. My opinion is that the decision of Exam-
iners in Chief should be final in interference cases,
and the patent should be granted, and then if the
aggrieved party desires, the proceeding by bill in
equity under Sec. 4915 R. S..- is open for the parties
to obtain a decree of court on the question <pf {prior-
ity of invention. This course. I apu {persuaded,
would generally be the most likely to secure justice
and in so doing delays and expense would be- lessened.

Should there be an ap{peal from the decision of
Examiners in Chief to the Siqpreme Court of the
District of Columbia, it would a{Ppear {pro{Per for the
attorney conducting the interferences in the Patent
Office and who is su{Pposed to be familiar with all the
facts, to be permitted to {present them to the Court.

I, however, believe that the Patent Office has the
facility’ and the ex{perience by which to decide the
knotty questions arising in interference {proceeding's
much more justly and accurately than any court that
is a strang-er to such proceedings and usually lim-
ited in its time and occu{Pied with such a varietv of
subjects and laws as nf)t to be well ad.'ijpted to make
a careful and reliable decision in the intricate ques-
tions arising in interferences.

I am sure every one in the profession and all of
my hearers desire that the orig-inal and first inven-
tor who has exercised reasonable dilig-ence in ada{Pt-
ing- and perfecting- his inventi<pn should be {protected
against the thief who seeks to carry off' that - which
does not belong to him. and also against the lazv
man who does not com{plete his invention until he
learns of the success of another, and also that the
rights of the {Public should be recognized and en-
forced.

By concerted action this Association can aid in
properly directing official action and in obtaining
any needed legislation. It may, however, be re-
marked that the princi{ples on which interferences

are su{P{Posed to be decided are certainly correct, and
have been developed by a long series of leg-al decis-
ions. and the {point to be considered is how best these
princi{ples caxp be carried out in the Patent ( Iffice
practice.

(iame Chasing Device.

Mr. A. L. Leonard of Covington. Ky.. is the inven-
tor of a very ingenious device for ctpuntry fairs, and
other places. It consists of a fenced race course
across which are located at intervals {Peculiar kind

of hurdles which allow the game to {Pass through
theipi while the {Pursuring -hounds are forced to g-o
over them. Mr Leonards' patent issued Januarv 9.
1894.

Finlay’s Improved Holdback.

The holdback device shown in the accom{pany ing
illustration was invented by IVm. Finlay of School-
craft. Mich., and it is designed t<p g-reatly facilitate
the 0{perations of attaching- and detaching the
breeching-. It consists of a thill attachment working
on the sna{P-hof)k {princi{ple. and a {Peculiarly formed

link ada{pted t<i be attached to the breeching-. This
link is {Provided with a pair of trunnions which {pass
into two sna{P hooks, and it is also {prxxvided with a
lug located above the trunnions so that when the
outer end <pf the link is swung back this lug' will
press the s{prings of the sna{P hooks down and al-
low the trunnions to sli{P out. and the {Parts to be
quickly unhitched.

New Hachine Gun.

The new Australian quick firing machine gun is not inleridert
for field use. but is to be mounted stationary on out works. It
is only half the weight itf the Maxim, and its at'erage rate of
discharge is about the same — 3tXl rounds per minute, with a
ma.xiniuni of 320. The diameter of the bore is eight millimeters,
being similar to that of the Maiinlicher repeating rifle, nowin
use in the .Austrian sert ice. The barrel is encased in a
water-jacket, and 1.2tX) continuous rounds can be fired before it
shows the effects of the e.xcessive heat. The cartridges are
supplied as in the Xordenfeldt. from a large “hopper" fixed
above the firitif.-- chamber. The gun is fired by means of an
ordinary trigger with trigger-grip, and a recoil spring supplies
the automatic action. The new mechanism in the Australian
machine gun consists of an oscillating pendulum, which regu-
lates the speed of fire, sustaining a tnoderately heavy dis-
charge of fifty to 100 rounds per minute, and increasing
it by means of a faster oscillation of the pendulum to 300 when
a dangerous phase of attack has been developed. The saving
of ammunition thereby is enormous. The mechanism is said
to be vert' simple.

Latest Wonders of Flectricit\ .

Iti ;i recent issue of Met'hire's Magazine. Edwin J.
Houstoti, {pnnn{>ted by tile wonderful devekqtmeiit of
electricity in the {past, dwells iqjoti ;i vision ,,f -.ome
ipf the wotiders yet to be {Perf-ii'med by this in-, sti-r-
ious force. He says :

■'The edg-e of the electric futurt- is bri-gh* v. i’l; im-
tnediate {irotnise for th.e worhl's weal. In the m-.-trer
foreg-round I see :i {practical method for the {>r--duc-
tioti of electricity directly from tlie burning' --f . o.-il.
This achieved, there necesstirily follow s th.e univei'-
•sal ado{Ption ipf the electric tnotor as a {prime never :
the relegatioti ipf the steam engine to the sera{p hea{>,
and the almost immeditrte realizatiipii of the air shi{)
as a tneatis of tratis{piprtatii>ti. .Xssutning- the ctiiise
of chemical iiffinity to lie in the unlike eh-ctric
charg-es of the combining- atoms. I seg the {irai-tical
realization of electric synthesis, w'hereby w'lhjlesppme
food {Products w'ill be directly fpprtned under the {><p-
tency <pf electric affinities. I see. t<po. a tnarked ad-
vance in electro-thera{Putics, whereby human life
will be prolong-ed and it.s sufferings alleviated. Di-
agtio.sis atid {prognosis w'ill be {profoundly aided by
exact electrical measurements of the various <prgatis
of the humati body as regards their electro-m- hi ve
force and resistance. The elect(p-thera{pist rpf the
future will employ- electric charges atid curretits f-rr
restoring the normal charges atid currents (pf the
body, as well as for the stitnulati<pn of tiervous or
tnuscular tissues. Back of these achievetiients I dis-
cern a {Practical a{P{Paratus for seeitig- throug-h a w'ire :
/. e.. a device for lookitig into a receiver at tptie end
of a tnetallic w'ire and seeing thereiti a faithful re-
re{prcpductioti of whatever o{Ptical itnages are itit-
prsssed on a transmitter at the other etid. eveti
though thousands of miles intervetie. I see the {ppps-
sible use of the .ste{P-dow-n transfppritier for the {Pre{P-
aratioti of a roadbed or road surface by the vitrifica-
tion, in situ, of clay or other suitable sipil. by the
intetise heating power of enormous curretits of elec-
tricity. These things I believe I see w-ith fair dis-
tinctness. In the farther background I faintly see.
dimly outlined through the clouds, an a{P{paratus ftpr
the automatic registration of uiiw-ritten. uns{Poken
thought and its accurate re{Productioti at any indefi-
nite time afterw-ards."

A New Electric Light.

Mr. C. F. Daniels, of Macon. Ga.. liU'' invenied an eteciric
battery from which he produces an arc lijrht of yreai intensity,
said to be superior in all respects tothe arc liirhls now in votrue.
The lijrht produced is one of full volume, inteii’^e brilliancy and
free from the dicker and flare of the ordinary electric liirhl and
illuminatin^r with a soft, mellow liyht. Mr. Daniels claims that
his battery is capable of producing 5*H‘) liirins of e«jual volume
and brilliancy of the one recently exhibited in Macon. He says
the capacity «)f his battery is about 12-hor>e power, afforditiir
sufficient power for producin.yr S>'>li<rhts. or for the propulsion of
an enjrine and two c(»aches when utilized as a power f«>r tran>-
portation over rails. A remarkable feat ure rejrardiiiL'’ this liirhi
is the harnilesMU'Ss (.d* the current of electricit\' nece>.>ar\' to
produce it. The wires may be held with ]>erfect .'>*af»*ty in the
hands of a child with the full current of electricity pa''sin;r
over tliem. The cost of production is said to be a meretride.

Expired Patents.

-^moiiLT tin* more important j)atent'' expiriiiir b\ limitation
duriii}.'' the ])ast month were the followintr: Ventilatc»r for car
windows, g\. Brandon: typewriter. .1. T. .\ndersou: furnace
and process of manufacturing iron and steel. B. Ba>li’'-':
rock drillinjjT en;.‘'ine. P. S. Bucknii usier : machine iav rollinjr
metals <;f irreirular shapes, S. Duff: feed mechaiii'^m for sewin^r
machines. H. Fecht: machine for twistiti”* and spooliii«r barbed
fence wire. J. F. (Dadden: ijas roirulator. E. < M:irtin : com-
pt)und tele.<rraph wire. W. E. Rice: hydraulic enL''ine. J. D.
Richardson: telegraph insulator. P. Seller: electro-mairnetic
attachment for time locks, W. W. Sherer: breech loading- fire-
arms, C. faitebrouk Bt>st(ni. ISIass.: (•ver'^tilch sewinjr ma-
chines. W. A. l^almateer. Johnstown. N. V.: mowers. William
S. Stone. New Philadelphia. C)hio: r«>tary en;j-ines. P, A.
Knapp and I. S. Knapp. Danbury. Conn.: sewiny machines, E.
H. Smith. New York city: rotary en^rines. Eiiiu’i D'Auria. (iaeta-
no. Ital3 : threshintr machines. John H. Edwards, St. Paul,
Minn.: speed and distance indicators. ( E M. Jester, l^tirtland,
(JreiTon: elevators. Si^rmund Levi. Cincinnati. Ohio: carbure-
tei*'', John J. Paquette, New Orleans. La., and revolving fire-
arms. Daniel B. Wesson and Janie> H. Bullard. Spritiirfield,
Mass.: knitting’' machines. William H. Abel. Laconia. N. H.:
hydraulic elevator'^, E. H. Hunt. Chica.L'’o: jjrintin.ir presses. Carl
H. O. Radde. lianibur.ir. (Termany: Lfas manufacturinir appa-
ratus. Silas C. Salisbur.v. New York City: •.’‘rain separators,
J. D. Van Dusem. -Auburn. N. Y.: mowinir machines, A. Stev-
ens, liorham. Me.: coal minin”’ machine'^. C. L. Driesstein,
Chica.L'’o: safety cars. John Johnson, Brooklyn. N. Y.: car
stoves. J antes H. Prentice. SaLfiiKiw. Mich.: cotton cleaners,
Edwin H. Taliaferro and S. Kline. Sr.. Columbus. Miss.: print-
ing presses. J. E. Braunsdorf and C. Kaiser. Pearl River, as-
sij/nors to J. K. Braunsdorf a: Co.. New York city: cotton
jtresses. A. H. Chetlain. Chicasro. administrators of S. A.
Clemens, deceased; sewinjr machines. W. G. Cummins, Coke-
ville. Tenn.: sewiip-r machines. Wm. Esti^y. Fitciiburir. M.ass,.
assijrnor to N. Corniny, North Londonderry. N. H.: G. W.
Hobbs. UxbridiTe. N. H.. and D. W. B. Jacksim. Boston, and
sewin.iT machines. A. Leavitt and H. L. Drew. Boston, assio-n-
ors to American Staple Sewinjr Machine Company. Boston.

The printiiiiT of the list of e.xpired patents in the Officf

Gazetti and in the weekly index is a feature that will be appre-
ciated by the public ircnerally. The life of a patent is seventeen
years and immopolies in the manufacture and sale of patented
articles have not been at all expeditious ininformin}r the public
of the ex^ration of patents on which they are makiiiy larg-e
profits. Thus it has frequently happened that the people have
continued to pay royalties loiijr after the expiration of the
monopoly. The inventor and the manufacturer should be
fully protected during- the term of the patent but the rig-hts of
the public are paramount at the end of that period.

a'Mt£ IX^VENTtVE AGE

Storage Battery Traction.

iVii article on storage battery traction written
by George C. Maynard, the 'Washington editor of
the /ilcctrical A’t’c’iccu. and published in that journal
of January 31st, has attracted much attention. The
article gives a full account of the experiments made
by the Metropolitan Street Kailway of this city,
the only road in tlie country which ever really at-
tempted to ruii its cars by storage batteries. There
have been many exhibitions of storage battery cars
on various roads in tlie United States but in almost
every instance they have been made by the owners
of the batteries whose attempts to oijerate them
j)ermanently and economically have not succeeded.
The officers of the Metropolitan Company took the
matter into their own hands and exhausted every
effort to make the undertak'ing a success. The ex-
perience of this com])any will be of great use to all
street railrciad men. Mr. Maynard is a well-known
writer on electrical subjects and his statements can
be relied u])on as candid and truthiful. His report
says :

Storage batteries have been weighed in the bal-
ance and found“-too heavy. An honest man held
the scales. George W. Pearson is one of the best
all-r{iund street railway men in the Tainted States.
For nine years he has lieen president and active
manager of the Metn.)]!olitan Railway in 'Washing-
ton. 1). t'. During that peri(.)d the necessity and the
possibility of procuring a substitute for horse jiower
for the ])roi)uision of street cars h.as been <.)ne of the
most important and ])ressing subjects he has had to
consider, and he has given it the most careful and
th.orough study. JEver3' known method has been in-
vestigated. These itivestigations led Mr. Pearson
io a belief in the truth which everybody realizes
and all disinterested ])er.s(ins admit tliat the ideal
motor is one which will make every car independent
of all the (.>thers.

The Use of a cable was manifestly impracticable;
the trolley system was prohibited by jjublic opinion
and a law of C'ongress ; steam was out of the que.s-
tion ; the ])ro]3o.sition to use compressed air was an
intangible scheme. < >n March .s. l.SMb. a special act
of Congress declared that the use of horses should
cease two years thereafter.

These facts pointed to storage flatteries as most
likely to furnish available power. < )ut of ten cha-
otic years of bitter contests and wasteful litigation
over the rigdits of rival claimants to the invention,
there came fair prosjiect of commercial ntilitv,
backed by strong assurances from men of good judg-
ment and sincere purpose. Some of the most com-
])etent electrical engineers in the country unhesi-
tatingly declared their conviction that street rail-
ways c<iuld be successfu lly and ec< momically operated
by this system.

In the summer of 18sn Mr. Pearson and his asso-
ciates determined not t<i add one more to the long
list of trilling experiments, but to operate their road
with storag'e battery cars if k were possible. In the
c<3urse of f(.mr months after the undertaking was
started the first car was put on the road. Experi-
mental trips were made at nigh.t after the day 's traf-
fic was done. With a fair load of the company's
officers and directors a sj^eed of 1.3 miles an lionr
over the whole line was attained and the prospects
of success brig-htened. Additional cars were equip-
ped. and, earlv in ISbb, several were put on the road
for regular service, sandwiched between horse cars
and running at a uniform rate not exceeding- si.x
miles an hour. The fact that thej- were limited to
this slow speed when the^' could easily g-(3 much fast-
er, was a trial t(j the ambitious motormen who were
disposed to regard their positions as quite superior
to that of the car horse drivers. Passeng-ers pat-
ronized the new cars and the public watched their
progress with much interest. Public ojiinion turned
in their favor, and for a while there was frequent
expression of the <ipinion that the jjroblem of rapid
transit in large cities was solved. Still the months
ran on into years and the horse cars were not dis-
placed. Then there began to be surmises that the
Metropolitan Company was only tr^-ing to g-ain time
by making- a show of changing- its system, and did
not really intend to make the use of storagfe battery
motors permanent, even if the scheme proved feasi-
ble. As time went on the motors began to show
signs of weakness, being frecpiently seen slowly la-
boring- up the grades with a long line of horse cars
behind them, and now and then blocking the road
with a flat refusal to move another foot. In such
cases their excessive weight precluded the possibili-
tj' of removing them from the rails, the horse cars
were jumped around them until relief could be ob-
tained, when the proud sjiirited motorman was com-
pelled to resign his command to a plebeian driver
and four of the strongest horses from the stable
would ignominiouslj- drag- the lumbering- old ark
back to the seclusion of the power house. As many
as four cars were stalled at one time. But this was

not altogether discouraging, for while the result of
the trial of the first storage battery was not success-
ful. the respective promoters of nearly a dozen other
schenies stood ready to g-uarantee that their bat-
teries would do the work. Every (jue of tliese was
given an o])portuuity to deriion.-.trate the truth of
their claims, and nine different styles of accumula-
tors were tested. Tlie company- provided every fa-
cility for charging- and operating the batteries, and
allowed the experts of each company to personally
supervise the operations and to show what thev
could do. An ins'pection of tiie Metropolitan Com-
pany's ]iower liouse and facilities for operating the
battery cars clearly evidences tlie seriousness and
determination with which Mr. Pearson undertook
the work. Tfie building-s are substantial, spacious
structures erected especially for the work. In ad-
dition to the extensive and substantia; character of
tlie buildings above described, an item on the com-
pany's cash boo'K of f-.s^T.Obb, expendeil in construct-
ing trie jilaiit and operating the motor cars, substan-
tiates the statement that the company has left noth-
ing- undone to work accumulators for all there is in
them. Forty cars were built especially for this
work, and fifteen of tliem were full v erpiipjied for ser-
vice. The hig-liest number of cars ever out on the
road atone timewas ten. To sum up the elements of
the iindertakiiig. the following points are clear;
Steam plant jierfect ; dynamos and accessories, com-
prising the charging- machinery, everything that
could be desired; facilities for handling- the b;it-
teries admirable ; cars and their motor equipments
<if the best; the track newly constructed by the
Johnson Company, of b2-])ouud improved g-rooyed
girder steel rail and in excellent order ; tlie best
lirofessional skill obtainable; intellig-ent. skillful
and energetic business manag-ement — all essential
elements to success — and success must liave been
attained had the pierformances of the acciimulati-irs
been equal to the company's exipectatioiis and the
promoter's promises. As the records st;ind, failure
must be written for every one of them. They started
out witli liig-li hopes and ambitions, but hopes
were doomed tci disappointment, while ambitions
and amperes disappeared together. The best flat-
teries tested did not stand more than twentv'-seven
days actual service, and the cost of running- the cars
by five of the most serviceable batteries ranged
from 12 b cents t<i 37 cents per car mile. The cost
of running- horse cars on this line is abc-iiit six
cents per car mile.

The causes of failure are numerous and not easy
to enumerate. Buckling plates, excessive heating-,
loosening of active material, short circuiting of
cells from various causes, general rapid deteriora-
tion (.if positive plates, sudden and sometimes unac-
ci.iuntable hiss (if current, destruction of connections
by acid, are some (if the more marked eccentricities
of the accumulators. There isa lingering- suspicion
that they are safer in the laboratory of a professor
of chemistry than on a jolting- tram-car.

After more than four years of intellig-ent and jjer-
severing- efl-’(.>rt the undertaking has been suspended.
The nu^tionless machinery, the idle cars and value-
less batteries, the emjrmous hole in the ciimjjany's
bank account are full (if sig^nificance. Every avail-
;Lble meaus to attain success was tried, and failed.
The experiment has settled many vexed (piestiijns.
exploded some humbug's and will be of great value
to all pers(.ins interested in street railri.iads. It has
made it clear that, up t(3 the present time, science
;ind art have not produced a storag-e batterv capable
of supplying power to ]>ractic;illy (Operate sucb roads
;is the Metr(5p(.>litan.

Still the result does not justify absolute condem-
nation of storage batteries f(.u- railway use. m.ir de-
stroy hope of an independent railway motor. Such
a motor is demanded b_v public need, the inventive
g-enius of the w(.irld is challenged t(j produce it, and
there is a growing- faith that, somewhere in the con-
served f(.n-ce.s of the universe, there is a power which
shall wipe the unsightly and obstructive trcjllev lines
off the the face of the earth, shall bury the pi.iwer-
wasting cables in their own grave, and turn the
faithful car luorse out to the enjoyment of green
pastures and well-earned days of rest.

Tut; Union Printer, a New York weekly publica-
ti(.ni devoted t(.i the interests of members of the In-
ternational Typographical Llniijn, contains the state-
ment that Mr. Eee Reilly, a New York Tribune Mer-
g-enthaler Einotype operator, recently performed
the remarkable feat of composing- and correctitig-
-111.200 ems of nonpareil in six consecutive nights of
eight hemrs each. The Linotj-pe machine is now be-
ing used in 170 newspaper offices. It assembles,
alig-ns, justifies intagliij type and casts a metal bar
with tj-pe faces thereon, thus superseding hand com-
position of movable type. Bj' this method a publica-
tion has new faces of type from which to print each
edition, as the bars are melted up as soon as stereo-
tj'ped or printed from. The feat of Mr. Reilly —
se-tting and correcting 111.200 ems of nonpareil type
in 48 hours — establishes a new record and demon-
strates what can be accomplished on a Merg-enthaler
machine when in the hands of an expert operator.

TORPEDO BOAT CUSHING.

' Co}itiiiucd from firsl

hauled the Cushing will go north to be used in
further torpedo experiments and training- officers
and men in liandling this style of naval-destrc^y-
ing pr(3jectiles.

The /’(?// JAall Cia.zeltc intimates that it would be
gratifying to learn of the relative efficiency of the
new English t(.irpedo boats and tlu.ise built by- Herr
Schichau, of Elbing, Germany, five of the latter
having recently crossed tlie Atlantic to enter the
service of the Brazilian government. These Ger-
man built torpedo 'ooats were all able to carry suffi-
cient fuel to cri.iss the ocean and still be effective
after their arrival without rec(,3aling-. It is claimed
they can attaiti a ma.xinium speed of about 27 knots
in suK.ioth water, and pcissess g'cod seagoing
qualities. Russia and Italy each have five of tliese
craft in service. The English tiirpedo boats, while
long-er and slower than the Cushing, are yet 12 feet
shorter than the German type. The latest English
swift launch is intended to be more effective in tor-
])edo boat destroying-.

Market for Inventions.

After the first C(3st and selling price are deter-
mined the inventor should find out how many of tlie
improved articles ciiuld be sold, provided every-body
hay'ing use for the invention could be i nduced to pur-
chase. This is the entire possible market, but the
actuiil iiKirket is considerably behiyv the jiossible one.
Probably less th.iin one third of the possible buyers
can ever he reached or induced to purchase.

'file entire ];o.ssible market varies so much with
different inventions that it is only practiciible here
to suggest wluit information will be found useful
and hoyv it m;iv be best obtained. Take, for ex-
ample. the invention of a rubber heel for shoes.
Ev-ery person in the United States yyamld be a pos-
sible Viuyer and tiie possible market would be indi-
c;iteil by the entire piopulation.

An iiiqirovement in ciirsets would be limited to
yvomen and the number of women is about one fourth
of the p( ipni lation , while an improvement in suspen-
ders would be limited to men and boys, or less than
one half of the po-pulation, because very small boys
do not wear suspenders. So if the in\-ention yyms a
sewing- machine, a cook st(.i\'e, clothes yvringer, or
;in_v article only one of which is used in each family,
the entire ijossible market would be indicated by the
number of families, which is about one eighth (jf the
number of the entire populati(3n, because there is
an average of about eight people to every family.

Then there are inventions used only by- black-
smiths. carjienters or some special trade or profes-
siem and the number of such peiyple will indicate the
entire ])ossible market.

The census reports are .s(.i full and cirmplete that
nearly every (piestion. ;is to the number of people
eng-aged in a specified business, can be settled by
consulting the statistics g-iy-en therein.

J. A. Minti-rn, C. E.

Hailberg’s Improved Watch Pendant and Bow
Fastener.

The ra])id wear on the watch pendants attracted
the attentii^in of Mr. Wm Hallberg of Fargo, North
Dakota, who set about devising something that

would alloyv a boyv to be
more quickly- replaced
by a new one. As a re-
sult he invented a pen-
dant provided yvith a
separable cap portion
adapted to screyv down
upon the ends of the boyy-
and hold them securely
in place as seen in the
accompanying illustra-
tion. The reinovable
section is provided with
screw threads which
mate with spiral groves
in the pendant so that when a bow or cap becomes
worn and loose the cap can be unscrewed, the bow
removed and neyv parts substituted, thus saving
much time and expense.

ruli i?<\"t:x'ri\'b: ^gk.

Article IV of International Convention of 1883.

Bv Examin'i-.k F. a. Skei.v. (T. S. Patent Office.

[Read Before tlie Patent Con.irress at Cliicatro.]

The international Convention of 1883 was the fruit
of mature deliberation on the part of European Gov'-
ernnients with the view to avoid or obviate the pres-
ent injustice to inventors resultinff from their laws.
No criticism can be made of its beneficent purpose.
Althoug'h in every case these laws propose to protect
the inventor, j^et by strained interpretations of lang'-
uage and by hard and narrow ruling's they are made
to deprive the inventor of the very protection to
which they are pledged. This is particularly the
case when the inventor is a foreigner, a subject or
citizen of another country from that in which he de-
sires a patent. The patent laws of Europe date from
a period when nations were separated by hostile fron-
tiers : but while the arts and advancing culture have
to a great extent reduced the frontier to a mere po-
litical limit, and. deprived it of its armed and hostile
character, patent laws, the product and promoter of
these arts and culture, have lagged far behind. The
industrial arts never have known frontiers. They
pass unchallenged over all natural and artificial
boundaries, stopped not by barriers of mountain or
stream or armed sentries. But in the view of pat-
ent laws a mechanical invention, outside the state
of its origin, is an outlaw, its claim to protection in
one country being destroyed by protection previously
sought in another. This condition is produced by
systems of law which hold, as in Great Britain, that
the first to introduce an invention into the realm is
constructively the inventor no matter how he may
have obtained knowledge of it, or, as in France, that
it is the invention that is to be protected rather than
the inventor, or, as generally in Europe, that an in-
vention once made known to the public in any coun-
try has no longer the cjuality of novelty, and there-
fore cannot be the exclusive property of any one,
even of its inventor. But the inventor may for many
reasons prefer to dela^' filing an application for pat-
ent in a foreign country. He may prefer to know
his fate at home before going elsewhere, or he may
wait to carry the invention to greater ijerfection be-
fore divulging it either at home or abroad. In either
case he becomes the easy prey of any unscrupulous
person who may obtain knowledge of it, and whose
efforts to secure the leg'al right to it in other coun-
tries are facilitated by such laws as have been men-
tioned. These are in general to ])rotect inventors,
but often, as has been the experience of many, they
create machinery for the discomfiture of the inven-
tor.

This condition becoming more and more manifest,
and with the advance of the arts a constantlv in-
creasing burden, set statesmen and publicists to
thinking, and led to public informal conferences
upon the subject in 1873 and 1878 in Vienna and Paris
respectively.

Nothing but discussion was proposed in these con-
ferences, since the^' had no official character ; but
discussion revealed clearly the need of some united
action of the governments, and resulted in the ap-
pointment of a permanent commission to draft a
treaty' having for its object the creatioti of a union
for the protection of industrial ]3roperty. and to fix
the general principles which should be uniformlv
applicable t(.> such protection, and a request t(.) the
French Government to take the initiative in moving
for a conference of representatives of the different
nations. This conference was called for Nov. 1.
1880, and our g'overnment nf)tified thereof bv a com-
munication from the French Minister at Washing-
ton to the Secretary of State on August 10th of that
year, in which he enclosed the prog-ram of ([uestions
proposed for deliberation.

Except for the purp(j.se of securing protecti(m to
Americans in foreign countries it is hard to see in
what respect this program appealed to the govern-
ment of the United States. Its salient features are
mutual and reciprocal protection to the subjects of
each state of the proposed union in all the others in
respect to patents and trade marks and other indus-
trial propert3', a broad proposition which commands
universal assent. In respect to patents it further

proposed that the regular filing- of an application in
one state shall carrv with it prioritv of reg-istration
in all the others during- a period of Iden-

tical propositions were included with respect to trade
marks and designs and industrial models, the term
of priority being- left open for future consideration
in each case. This additional ])roposition was in-
cluded respecting trade marks ; '• trade marks en-
tered in one of the states of the union shall be g-uar-
anteed in all the other states, and propertj- therein
shall be considered as legitimately acquired b v those
who make usage of it conformablv to the legislation
of the countrj' of origin."

Although the proposition concerning patents did
not appeal to the United States, it is possible there
was felt to be something for the advantage of our
citizens in respect to trade marks, which maA- ac-
count for the representation of this g'overnment in
the conference. It is noteworthy that the invitation
to participate followed close on the heels of a memo-
rial to the French Minister hy a number of import-
ing houses in New York regarding the necessitv of
some trade mark legislation in this countrj- for the
protection of F rench manufacturers whose g-oods
thej' handled. This memorial was brought to the
notice of the Secretarj- of State Nov. 26, 1879, by the
French Minister, whose letter contained a sugg-es-
tion that the Supreme Court decision declaring- the
law of 1870 unconstitutional, was at variance with
the treatj- between France and the United States of
April 16, 1869, while the memorial itself urg-ed the
importance of congressional action for the protec-
tion of French interests. The question of a new
trade mark law was then under considertition, and.
pending its settlement and other action bj- Congress,
the Secretarj' of State seems to have caught at the
opportunitj' for a mutual understanding between the
nations with respect to this kind of propertj-, and
the establishment of a new basis for legislation, and
in his letter of Jan. 9, 1880, accepted the invitation.
In this response Mr. Evarts referred to M. Outrev’s
statement that it was proposed to limit any interna-
tional ag-reement that might be reached to such reg--
ulations as would not require serious modifications
in the laws of the various countries, a matter appar-
entlj- regarded as of great consequence at the time
bj- all concerned, and obviouslj- involving a clear
exposition of the differences between the sj-stems of
different countries. Unfortunatelj- this object was
lost sight of at a latter stage when it should have
been kept prominentlj- to the front.

If it were not already known as a fact this corre-
spondence would make it apparent, that, in consid-
ering the invitation of the French Government, im
consultation was had with the Patent Office, the only
bureau whose opinion on subjects relating- to indus-
trial propertj' was worth having, wherebj- the fact
could have been made plain that such a proposition
as to determine prioritj- of invention, and consequent
patentabilitv. bv the date of filing an api)lication
in another countrj- where patents are g-ranted on
principles so different from those which g-overn in
the American sj-stem, could not possiblj- he enter-
tained bj- the United States.

It was not the fashion in 1881) for the Department
of State to seek the advice of other departments on
anv question of foreign relations. As late as 1890, I
was gravelj- informed bj- a gentleman in public life,
who formerlj- held a high position in the State de-
partment. that this would never be done. Fortu-
natelj' times have alreadj- changed, and from a pe-
riod not far from the beginning- of President Cleve-
land's former administration all questions arising
with foreig-n nations regarding- patents and trade
marks have been uniformly referred to the Secretarj-
of the Interior for the consideration of the Commis-
sioner of Patents.

Probably not much importance was attached to
this business in 1880, and a spirit of complaisance to-
wards the French Government maj- have been a
prominent factor in the acceptance of the invitation.
No effort appears to have been made to select as rep-
resentatives of this government men who were quali-
fied to participate in the discussion bv their pre-
vious knowledge of patent -or trade mark law. Mr.
Evarts selected Mr. Noj-es and Mr. Putnam, our

ministers to France and Belgium, informing them
that their participation in the C<mg're^' wa- to be
merelj- homjrarv. Only (Jiie of the.,e g-ejitlenieii ap-
]jear.s f rom the rec(.)rd.-, of the Cong-rcs.-^ t'i li.'ive taken
anj- part in its ^mcjceedings, and that a .-ilent one.
Mr. Putnam's i)re.'ence day afterday wa ab-e >1 utel y
without inliuence. The diff'erenct- between tin- pat-
ent sj'stem (jf this ci.aintry and tho>e of lOurojje w.'i^
not explained, and ikj effort was made, a.s originally
proposed, to prevent the ado]ition of measures en-
tirelj' incompatible with our.s. In accordance with
instructions Mr. Putnam in.sisted iqxjn a reservation
with respect tcj trade marks re(juired by the existing
state of federal legislation, and with that his active
participation ended.

In the conference of 1880 some modifications were
introduced into the various propositions considered,
particularlv into that providing for a ])eriod of pri-
oritj-, which constitutes the 4t’n Article of the Con-
vention as finallj- agreed upon. This was adopted
in the present form. (It must be observed that while
all American discussion of this article, and of the
whole convention, is necessarily- based upon the Eng--
lish translation, j-et, in anj- controversj- that may
arise regarding it, we and all other nations are held
to the original French text, the onlj- one that has an
official character).

Article IV is in three paragraphs. The first pro-
vides that anj' applicant for a patent or for the reg-
istration of a trade mark in one state of the union
shall enjoj- a period of prioritj- for the purpose of
making the application in the other states. The
second defines the effect of this period of prioritj- to
be that if a person, having filed his application for
patent or registration in one countrj-, shall, before
the expiration of the period, file his application in
another, the later application is not to be invalidated
bj' anj-thing that maj- occur in the interval, such as
publication or public use or an application bj- another
partj'. The third parag-raph defines the limit of this
period, which is to be for patents usually six months,
but seven as between countries separated bj- the sea,
these periods being abridg-ed three months for trade
marks and industrial models.

To those who are accustomed to regard patents
and trade marks as involving clearlj- distinct rights,
resting- upon distinct principles, acquired bj- differ-
ent means, and having a different tenure, it has al-
ways been a matter of surprise that an attempt
should have been made to comprehend measures for
their international protection in a single article of
the convention. No objection was raised to this in
the Congress, and the resitlt has been to couple to-
g-ether countries in which a trade mark, as with us,
is acquired bj- the single fact of adoption, and those
in which the fact of registration is the sole founda-
tion of the title, and bv virtue of this to lead the
courts of so liberal a country as Great Britain to vir-
tuallj- abandon the common law priiiciple, and to
reach the startling- determination that an American
has forfeited the right to protection in his trade mark
throug'h his failure to applj- for its reg-istration in
that realm within four month,-, from his application
at home.

It being no ]jart of this ]3aper to consider the effect
of the convention in respect to trade marks, that
subject need not be continued. The remainder of
the paper will be devoted to the effect of Article IV
upon the rights of foreign ai)])licant.s for patent in
the United States and cf Americans abroad. Apart
from this article there is little of importance in the
convention, since as an Italian deleg'ate forcibly re-
marked in 1880, “ it contains the whole convention."

iTlie conclu.suui of lliis p;ipei' will appear in the .\j)ril iiuiii-
her of lliis niayazine. — En.l

Hopkins’ Combination Desk.

The acconqfanj'ing cut represents the combined
sitting and standing desk patented by Archibald
Hopkins. Esq.. Clerk of the Court <jf Claims, as it ap-
pears when closed. A desk in which the open space

below the top of the standing- desk, is utilized to re-
ceive an additional desk which, while contained within
the compass of the standing desk, can be pulled out
from the front whenever desired to be used as a sit-
ting desk, thus making- two complete desks in one
piece of furniture.

AG

xriH

I X 1 X X I 1£ .X G H

CIENCE EOR YOUNG PEOPLE.

Condiiclfd by Pkof. 1C. Lkwis.

Perhaps you like to spin tops. Did it ever
occur to 3-01! that 3’ou could combine phu’ and stiKp'.
and learn many interesting- thing's bv watchinp- the
conduct of a top ? Did 3-011 never wonder whv it
stands upright while it is spinning'-, or win' a bi-
C3'cle has no tendency to fall when it is niovinp- rap-
idl3' ? The top and the bicvle simjilv obey a p-reat
law of nature, and it is this law wliich enables Ja])-
anese jug-g-lers to throw a tojiinto the air, catch it as
it falls on the point of a stick, make it travel u]i the
stick to their shoulders, and do all sorts of marvel-
ous thing-s. You all perhaps remember how the
great Sir Isaac Newton saw an apple fall from a
tree, which suggested to him that perhaii.s the earth
and the moon and all the planets are held in their
orbits b3- the same force of attraction which makes
the apple fall, and how he hnallv ]jroved that this
law of universal gravitation is true. It was Newton
who also stated the " laws of motion” which tops
and planets and all other b<.)dies obe3'. One of these
laws is that a moving body will move forever in a
straight line if it is not .acted on 1)3- any force. This
seems like ])erpetual motion, which you have been
ti')ld is imposible. But perpetual motion is only im-
posssible for ns because we can iiever kee]> the fi.irces
of the earth's attraction and of friction from stop-
])ing the body. Astrononn' shows that there is per-
petual motion in the solar system, because the earth
and the other planets move thr(.)ugh empt3" space,
which otfers no resistance. The pro])ertv which
causes a body to obe3- this law is called inertia. It
is inertia which pitches 3'ou forwcard when von are
standing in a c;ir which suddenly sto])s : it is inertia
which makes a stone move in a straight line when
you release it from a sling-, and which makes a to])
jiersist in s]iinni!ig with its axis alwa3's ])ointing in
one direction until friction and g-ravit3' have nearly
destroyed its motion. This law is well shown 1:)3-
what is known as Foucaud's pendulum. If 3'ou sus-
pend a heavy metal ball l.)v a long thread and set it
swing-ing along a straig-ht line 3’ou will find that in
a few hours the direction of the line has a])parentlv
changetl. It has not realD' ilone so though ; the
earth has turned around under it. There is an ex-
])erinient bv which 3-011 may greatly sur])rise any
one who is not in the secret, (let a wheel of iron or
some other he.'ivv substance, and fasten it on an
axle fixed on bearing-s inside of a closed wooden box.
Set the wheel in rapid motion 1)3- wr.-i])])ing a long-
string around the axle and (piickU' drawing- it out
of a hole in the bo.x, just as you s])in a top. Then
tell the victim of the joke to ])ick uj) the box. He
will be aware of nothing unusual until he tries to
turn the box around. If the wheel is heavy and g'-o-
ing ver3' fast he will find it is not an easy thing to
do, and mig-ht conclude that the box was bewitched.
Inertia makes the wheel resist an3- efforts to chang-e
the 'direction of nuition. For a similar reason a
rille shoots truer tliana smooth-bore gun. Thecork-
screw sha]jed g-roove around the inside of the rille
makes a bullet revolve ver3- ra])idlv, and this spin-
ning motion causes it to go straight in the direction
of its axis. Ever3' one has heard about how Colum-
bus could stand an eg-g on end bv crushing'- one end
Hat. If Columbus h;id only pl.'iyed with tops in his
youth he might have done the trick in an easier wav
than that, without hurting'- the egg. If you spin a
hard boiled egg or an egg-sha])ed stone as it lies
lengtliwise it will at once tr3- to rise u]) and s])in
around the long^est line thrfmg h it, for every ])article
in it will try to be as close to the axis as possible.
This does not follow directh' from the law of motion,
but is due to friction. An unboiled egg'- does not do
so well, for the friction of the moving liquid inside
ver3- soon destro3's the motion. In f.act. this is a
ver3' g'-ood wa3' to find out whether an egg is hard or
soft boiled.

All this shows there is ver3' much to be learned
from sotne toys. A top ma3’ tell us a great deal
about the motion of the earth, which is nothing but
a big'- top spinning- around the sun. with its polar
axis alwa3's tr3'ing to point in the same direction.

If this talk on to])s has aroused 3'our curiosity- to
know more about them it would be well to read a
little bonk on " S])inning Tops" bv Professor John
Perry.

Knock <iut one end of a wooden btix and cover it
tig-htlv with a piece of cloth. In the op])osite end
cut a round hole about three inches in diameter.
Set the box ujisido down over two saucers, one con-
taining- some strong- ammonia and the other hydro-
chloric acid. The g'ases escaping- fr<im these liquids
Combine chemicalU’. forming a dense cloud like
smoke. Now tap the cloth side ([uickH'. A smoke
ring will be driven out of the hole, and will wriggle
across the room. Th.is ring is really of air, the
smoke being- carried with it and making- its motion
visible. If one of these smoke ring-s, or "vortex
rings.” follows close after another, it may contract
and ])ass through the first, which will ex])and to give
the second one plenty of room. Then the first one
overtakes the sec<md and g-oes throug-h it. and this
jnav be re]>cated until the friction of the air breaks
the ring'-.s up. If these ring-s ap])roach a solid object
they will swell out as though tr3'ing'- to go around it,
and the3' will rebound from each otlier like thev
were made of India rubber. It is impossible to cut
one of these ring-s with a knife, for the3' absolutely
refuse to be touched, wrig-g'-ling- awav like sli])])erv
eels. You can make similar vortices bv stirring a
cu]) of coffee, or dri])i>ing ink into water. Helm-
boltz, the gf-reat (lerman scientist, ])roved years ag-o
that in a "perfect” fluid, that is. one in which
there is no friction or viscosit3-, no vorte.x could be
started b3’ ain' force known to us, nor, if it were
started, could we ever sto]) it. for there could be no
friction to destroy the motion, and we never could
get close enough to break it uj) 1)3' forcilrle means.
This caused Sir William Thomson, (now Lord Kel-
vin), to advance a very Ireautiful theory as to the
constitution of matter. He su])])osed that the atoms
of matter are nothing'- else than little vortex rings
in a perfect fluid, this jierfect fluid being the ether
tlirough which waves of lig-ht, heat, and electricity
travel. We have reason to believe that atoms are
ver3' elastic and are in constant motion, vibrating-
in all sorts of wavs, and that the3'are indestructible
in an3' wa3’ known to us. Lord Kelvin's theory fits
the case better than any other, for we know that
smoke ring-s move in e.xactH' the right way to ex-
])lain the conduct of atoms, and, as Helml)oltz ])roved,
a special act of creation would be uecessar3' to
make ( ir destroy such atoms. Doesn't it make 3'ou
feel rather tjueer to imag-ine that you are onU- a bun-
dle of vorte.x rings s])inning around in the ether,
like whirpools in a river?

If you hdhl a 'piece of sealing- wa.x in a flame, the
melting end becomes perfectly round. If 3'ou si)ill
mercury on the floor it will break up into ])erfect
little s])heres. Water will do the same on a greasy
surface, and rain drops are round. Why is this?
It is due to what is known as surface tension. The
molecules of a liquid U-iiig- on its surface attract
each other and are attracted 1)3' the liquid inside.
The result is just the same as thoug-h the liquid
were enclosed in an elastic rubber bag. If there is
not much licpiid. so that its weig'-ht does not tend to
flatten it out, tliis elastic skin will tr3' to ])ull up
into the smallest possible surface — and for a g'iven
\'olume the smallest ])ossible surface is a s])here.
This tendency is best shown by wax bubbles, where
nothing is left but this elastic skin, holding- a quan-
tit3' of air under pressure. If 3'ou stick a needle in
the bubble the air 3vill esca])e and it will collapse,
just like a balloon when its g^as escapes. xV liquid
does not form round drops on a surface which it
wets, such as water on clean glass, for in such a
case the attraction of the solid for the licpiid is great-
er than the surface tension of the liquid itself. This
is win- water rises in a small tube — a ca])illary tube.
The attraction between the water and the g-lass
pulls up some water, and the surface tenison makes
it drag more water with it. This explains also the
rise of sap in trees and of oil in a lain]) cvick. Mer-
cur3' does not cvet an3- solid, and so forms drops, and
does not rise in capillary- tubes. Practical use is

made of this principle in manufacturing- shot. The
lead is melted and dropped thro-ugh holes of the
proper size. The drops become perfectH' round and
harden in that shape as they fall several hundred
feet in t’ne sliot tocver, and. are recei\'ed in a tank of
oil and water which keeps tliem from being flattened
1)3' the fall.

The surface tension of yyater is weakened b3'
g-rease, as 3'ou can prove by a veiw- sim])l3' experi-
ment. Sprinkle ])o3vdered sulphur or U-copodium
powder on the surface of pure yvater. (J-rease a lit-
tle stick ever so slig'-htlv and di]) it into the water.
The powder yvill fly away- in all directions, leaving-
a clear round space around the stick. The g-rease
diminishes the surface tension, so that the particles
are pulled away in all directions by the greater sur-
face tension elsewhere. It is just as thoug-h 3-011
stuck a hole in a sheet of stretched India rubber.
The tension of the rubber in all directions yyoiild
pull the hole out much larg-er than it was at first.
Tlie same thing is shoyvn by- ])articles of cam])hor
in ])ure water. The water around the particles has
its surface tension weakened by the cam])hor, and
they are pulled hither and thither, dancing about
like living- creatures. You can make a greasy needle
float on water. Being greasy, it does not bn-eak the
elastic film, yvhich holds it up. The same reason
enables some insects to walk on yvater, and yyill en-
able you to ])erform the ap])arently impossible feat
of carry ing water in a sieve, or making it float on
water. You have only to grease the wires of the
sie\'e thoroughly, and it will hold yvater without
s])illing'- a dro]). if you do not put in so much w:iter
that its weight breaks througli the elastic “ skin ''
that holds it up. xV droj) of oil on water will be
])ulled out by- the tension in a very thin film.

Po-wer in Nature.

Nothing in Nature is more manifest than power.
Tile yyorld is full of it. Even the air above us and
the waters of river and ocean abound in power. The
sun lig'-ht quickens the g-rowth of tree and shrub and
flower. The tide yvave rolls forever on the beach.
The power already exerted by Niag-ara is incalcu-
lable. The volcano is appalling, and the cyclone is
irresistable. There is power in gravitation. Power
in expansion and contraction. Power in steam, elec-
tricity, and chemical action. Everywhere and on
every hand nature is full of ])ower.

For many centuries men have been sloyy to avail
themselves of the ])owcr of nature. The steam en-
gine wa.s always jiossible ; but no one knerv ho3v to
a])ply the i)rinciple.s of steam to man's serv'ice. The
lig-htning for centuries has flashed, during stormy
summer nig-hts, like a great electric light in the
hea3'ens ; but no one knew how to control the electric
po3yer. Yhiterfa 11s have l)een running- since the crea-
tion, but the ])ower was lost until man applied the
water wheel to turn the wheels of the mill.

During the centuries ])ast, human muscles ha\'e
su])plied the g-reater ])ar't of the ])ower recjnired to do
the 3vorld's work. As civ-ilization advanced, beasts of
burden were more extensively used. But it is only-
in comparatively recent times that the powers of na-
ture have been subjug'-ated and freely used in man's
ser\'ice.

Men would doubtless always have used these forces
of nature if they con'd only have had the “know
how.” E. L. Aknott.

Patent Office Investigation.

'i'hc \Vas.liinL'‘l'>n of Fobruary 1’), publishes a three col-

uinii article over the signature of William K. Curtis, cliarginff
i rrpL’'iihirities in the affairs of the Patent Office and connectiiifjr
tlie nanieji of Josiah Ouiiicy, late Assistant Secretary* of State,
the Comniissioiierof Patents and other prominent officials, with
the lettinif of the contract for printing the “’Official Patent Of-
fice Gazette/’

Tlie Gazette is an official publication jiublishecl weekly by the
Patent Office, and contains photo-lithojrraphic cuts of every pat-
ent ora 11 ted, toj^elher with an explanation of the claims set forth
in the aiiplication of the inventor. This work liad formerly
been done by the Norris Peters Photo Litlioirraiiliic Company,
duriiio a period of m^arly 25 years.

About the first of June last tlie Norris-Peters Company, re-
ceived a communication from the Commissioner of Patents ask-
ino if some reduction could not be made in the cost of the publi-
cation. and was answered bv Mr. Frazier, that he did not see his
way clear to make such reduction, because of the liig’h class of
work furnished wliich reiiuired the employment of artisans of
rare skill, and i he use of most exjiensive material. A week later
the Norris Peters Company received notice, requirinj>- it to furn
ish a bid for the priiitinji' of the “Official Patent Office Ga-
zette " for the fiscal year, bea'innin^j- .Inly 1st. 18‘)3, requiring" an
answer by June 15. being* a little less than 24 hours from the
time he received the notice reijuiring* the bid. Tliere were but
two bids submitted, that of the Norris Peters Company, and the
National Lithographing’ Company, of Washington.

The article charg'es collusion between the Company, Josiah
(juincy and the Commissioner of Patents. Pased upon this ar-
ticle Senator Hale of Maine, presentetl a resolution in the United
Slates Senate, which was adopted, instructing’ the Committee
on Printing* to examine into all the facts and circumstances
coniiecled with tlie contract of the National Lithographing* Coni-
iiaiiy, for the publication of the Gazelle. A committee, consist-
ing" of Senators (iorman of Maryland, Manderson of Nebraska,
and Ransom, of North Carolina, has held two sessions, and
taken, in part, the testimony of Commissioner Seymour. Mr.
Ouincy was before the Committee, but did not testify. He is ex-
pected to testify later. The result of this investig*ation will be
awaited with interest by all persons interested in the business
of the Patent Office.

ri-IE IXVEXTI\"K ^OE

A i

NEWS CONDENSED.

Feh. 1. — The ^Vilson larift' bill passed the House by a vote of
2i.U to liH. Seventeen democrats voted with the republicans

ayaiiist the bill Bids a.^’igrrecraliiiif S58,OOO.OdO for S5b.000.')<)0

of new 5 per cent- iroveniment bonds were <»pened in Washing-
ton. the prices rantriiiif from 117.223 tol2h.828 French Cham-

ber of Deputies passes a vole of contidence in the navy.

Feb. 2. — H. IT. Vriieeler, president of the American District

Telegraph Co., died in Brooklyn of ciuick consumption

Parnellites issue a manifesto declarintr the Liberal troverii-
ment*s rule in Ireland a failure Kin</ Behauzin. of Da-

homey. stirrenders to the French.

Feb. 3. — Prof. Edward Fremey. celebrated French chemist,
died Ge(Wg-e W. Childs, philanthropist and editor Philadel-

phia Public Lciigcr died, a.ired 64.

Feb. 4. Morton S. Wilkinson. Uitited States Senator fi\)ni
1850 to 18o5. died at his home in Wells. Minn., ag'ed 75 Ru-

mor afloat that Mr. Gladstone will soon retire from office.

Feb. 5. — Decision in South Carolina ••Palmetto*' Trade Mark*
case was reversed by Court of Appeals: rig-lit of Commis-
sioner of Patents to refuse registration upheld Work on

Xew York's new speedway- to cost S()30.(>X), begun Republi-

cans win in 2\ew Y<jrk senate and 2>Ir. Wolfert of Sixth district

officially recognized E-x-Congressman A. II. Buckner died

at Mexico. Mo New Orleans carnival begun.

Feb. 6. — E.x-President Harrisijn denies that he is ab«»ut to wed

the widow of Leland Stanford Gen. Jact)b Ammon dies at

his home in Lockwood. Ohio, aged 88 National Wool Grow-

ers' Association meets in Washington to protest against the
free wool schedule in the pn^posed new tariff bill.

Feb. 7. — Fire at Montgomery. Mo., destroyed seventeen store

buildings: loss 5125, iHK} Moodv and Sankey. evangelists.

open a four weeks' revival in Washington.

Feb. 8. — President Cleveland signed the bill repealing the

Federal elections Uiw Reuben T. Ktilb was nominated for

governor of Alabama by the Populists The warship Kear-

sage was wrecked on Roncador reef in the Carribean Sea on
February 2: officers and crew saved.

Feb. 9. — Congressman Houk drops dead in Washington of

heart failure M^.xime du Camp, well-known author, died

in Paris General Lucius B. Northrop, commissary general

of the Confederate army, died in Baltimore A plot was dis-

covered to assassinate President Pei.xoto of Brazil.

Feb. 10. — Another attempt made by incemliaries to burn

World's Fair buildings Samuel Foremen, said to be the

oldest Odd Fellow in the United States, died at Greenburg. Ill
. . . The receivers and emplot’ees of the Northern Pacific railroad
came to an agreement and the threatened strike is abandoned

Love's Tannery at Sandbank, N. J.. burned : loss 5125,000

Tile Russo-German treaty signed by represeutatives of

both nations at Berlin Death of King Lobengula reported

from Cape Town, Africa.

Feb. 11. — Colt's Fire Arms Manufacturing plant at Hartford.
Conn. .partially destroyed by fire: loss 5250,tXK) Tobacco fac-

tories of R- H. Roper and Barrett A: Co.. Henderson. Ky.. burned
with 700.0<X’> pounds of tobacco; loss 5180, 0<».

Feb. 12.— Crew of the stranded steamship Kearsage are res-
cued: only one was lost The trial of fifty -eight coalmine

rioters begins at Pittsburg Dr. Herston Ouinc.v Butterfield,

President of Olivet College, died at Olivet. Mich., of pneumonia

Mr. Gladstone announces that he will again appeal to the

country.

Feb. 13.— Hans Von Bulow. distinguished German pianist.

died in Cairo, Egypt Thirteen men entcjmbed by mine cave-

in at Gavlord coal mine, near Kingston The Bath Iron

Works at Bath Me., loss 5175. 1M)0 Many lives lost in a bliz-
zard in Oklahoma aiid Indian Territory Storm on Atlantic

coast the severest since 1888 Decision is rendered by the

Commission in the Itata case against the United States, the
damages for un justifyable seizure being placed at 5235. iXK).

Feb. 14. — Still another attempt made to burn the World's
Fair buildings, in view <^f which the S<»uth Park commissioners

decide to sell the buildings to the highest bidder Brigadier

General Hincks, first volunteer of the war, died at home in

Cambridge. Mass Mrs. Myra Bradwell. editor Legal Xcv:.<.

Chicago, and first woman lawyer in Illinois, died, aged 03

Oil warehouse and mills of P. H. Preston cC Co.. Newark. N. J..
burned with 52<X1.<X'H1 worth of linseed oil.

Feb. 15. — President Dole's reply to Minister Willis is made

public New York' State Normal and Training School at

Oneonta. burned: loss 52<M).0U<) Jac(]ues Lavard Maillet. the

French sculptor, died at Chassey John Y. McKane. the

Gravesend political ••bos>" was convicted of violating the elec-
tion laws.

Feb. 16. — Wheeler H. Peckham. of New York, nominated for
associate justice (d' the United States rejected by the senate by
a vole of 41 to 32—15 democrats. 24 republican'' and 2 populists
voting against, and 23 democrats. 15 republicans and 1 populist

voting for the confirmation American >teamer Paris

looses her rudder 786 miles out and returns to Oueenstown for

repairs Train robber-i attack a Southern Pacific express at

Roscoe station at 1 o'clock, a.m.. ditch the engine, blow open
the express safe, kill tlie fireman and another man. wound the

engineer and get away with about 51,01X1 Secretary Morton

burned in effigy by disgusted Nebraska City democrats

Main building and annex of Knoxville College, at Knoxville,

Tenn.. burned with library t)f 2.800 volumes: loss 545,000

Strike of emphnes resulted in closing down of all the leading

silk manufactories in New York city Yellow fever reported

on the increase in Rio Janeiro Ex])l«)si.m of boilers on

German cruiser. Brandenburg, at Kiel, killed forty-one men
and injured many other''.

Feb. 17. — Of the fifty -eight Mansfield rioteix on trial at Pitts-
burg, thirty-two were found guilty IiEurgent advances and

victories reported from Rio.

Feb. 18. — New*' c»f the wreck of tug Millard, belonging to Nic-
araugua Navigation Company, off Nicaragua coast, with sixt.v

men. and all lost, confirmed Another attempt to burn

World's Fair buildings — small blaze in Illinois state building
All the mines in the Ma''sillon district, Ohio, closed on ac-
count of refusal of the miners to accede to terms offered by the

operators Griswold Linseed Oil Mill, at Warren. Ohio.

burned: loss 5150,006.

Feb. 19. — John Y. McKane. convicted of violaiioif of the elec-
tion laws at Gravesend. L. I., sentenced to six years in Sing

Sing U. S. Senator E. D. White, of Louisiana, nominated for

Associate Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court, and confirmed

Deaths from yellow fever at Rio Janeiro average sixty

daily Joseph Keppler. the caricaturist of Puck\ died in New

York.

Feb. 2<). — Galusha A. Grow, republican, elected Congressman-

at-large in Pennsylvania by over 1S0,<X)0 majority The tin

can japanned warefacit)ry «)f Norton Brothers. Chicago . burned:

loss 56<>3.000: t»0h men thrown out of employment Blizzard

in Kansas caused great loss of cattle on ranges.

Feb. 21. — Vessels of all nations seek the protection 4)f the

American flag in the liarbcn* of Rio J aneiro ErastusWiman.

indicted by New York grand jur.v for forgeries amounting

to 5'229.000 Officers and crew of wrecked steamer Kearsage

arrive in New York Gen. Fitzhugh Lee declines the diplo-
matic ix>st o fniinister to Sloekholm Ex-Minister Phelps

reported quite ill in New Haven. Conn.

Feb. 22. — Governor McKinley received an ovation in Chicago
The (inaiemala government announces a suspension of

pay meni of her debts Rliode Island ])roh ibitioni^t'' inmii-

nate a conij)lete stale ticket headed with Henry B. Metcalf for
governor.

Fed. 23. — The House of Lords reversi*s its form-‘r action ami

favors the Parish Council bills American l*ubli''hers'A''s.)-

ciaiion elected James \V. Scott, of Ciiicago /fcniU. president.

Fi:i{. 24. — Norman Mutiro. the veteran jjubli-her. died in New

York Michigan's state officials were indicted for felony

J udge Breiiian*) refuses a new trial ft)r Preiid.Tgast. the mur-
derer of Mayor Harrison, of Chicago, and fixes yiarch 23 as the

date of his execution A gigantic trust in manufacturers of

steel castings i- announced The dome of the Agricultural

building. World's Fair grounds, burned : incendiary The

Bound Brook Standard Print Com]>aiiy‘s Works at Somer-
ville. N. J.. burned : loss 52<X).ChhX

Feb. 25.- Blizzard of unusual severity strikes WashingLon

and extends all along the Atlantic coast Steele Mackay<*.

the author and dramatist, died on the train en route to San
Diego. Cal .... The insurgent warship, Atjuidabaii. runs the gant-
let of llie govenimeiil forts at Rio Janeiro and is not disabled.
The insurgent steamer Jupiter, was sunk by the dynamite

cruiser Nicilierov The mining town of Kaslo. B. C.. burns:

loss 52niUXW).

Feb. 2(». — The Attorney General renders an opinion that sil-
ver certificates are not lawful money Congressman Wilson

reported dangerously ill in Gmulalajara, Me.xico. where he

went in search of health The senate comniiltee report on

the Hawaiian in vestigation. while justifying the President's
motives mildl.v. question his judgment. Oiieeti Lilioukalana is

the only person censured E.x-President Harrison left for

llie Pacific coast on a lecturing tour.

Feb. 27. — Ex-President Harrison receives an (jvation all along

the line en route to California It is again announeed that

Mr. (Hadstone will resign Boston idle laboring men make

an orderly demonstration The seveiiieeiiih annual sessioTi

of the National Electric Light Association meets in Washing-
ton .

History of the World’s Fair= = Notes.

Hull. John Bo3'd Thac'ner. Cliairnian of the Execu-
tive Committee on Aivards. and Prof. O. V. Tomslev.
National Commi.ssioner from Minnesota, liave been
selected a.s the g'entlemen to compile the historj' of
the World's Fair. The liistor^' will comprise the
report of tlie Director-General of the Exposition,
and tlie President of the Columbian Commission,
and the heads of the different dejiartments, essa3'.s
bj' expert judg-es and valuable records and edu-
cational features of the great exhibition contained
in the thousands of reports made the Interna-
tional Committees of Judges. Prof. Tousle3''s por-
tion of the literar3' work will relate more particu-
larD' to the statistical and historical features of the
preparation and conduct of the Fair, while Mr.
Thacher will he confined to the examination and
reports upon exhibits b3' judges. It is thought the
work will cover about thirt3' volumes of perhaps six
or seven hundred pages each, and that the compila-
tion will be completed within a 3'ear. The Board of
Ladv Managers and the Department of Awards are
the onU' two branches of the Columbian Commission
which did not exhaust their ajipropriations. These
two departments have about ?120,000 still to their
credit, and it is presumed that this fund will be used
in completing tlie histor3’ of the Exhibition.

Some idea of the amount of foreign goods and
wares sold at the Exposition can be gained from
the statement that foreign exhibitors, up to Janu-
arv 30. had paid the government S835,384 in duties.
These exhibitors had then shipped from the grounds
iiearh- .80.000 packages and 20,000 vet remained un-
prepaid for custom inspection.

The Bureau of Awards is sending forth hundreds
of official copies of awards granted at the Exhibition.
This course is pursued to enable successful exhib-
itors to learn in advance what will be the wording
on their diplomas. It is said that the entire work of
issuing these advance sheets and completing the
records of tliis department will be completed b3' the
first of June, and tlien will follow the actual print-
ing of the finding's of the individual judges in the
diploma form, which is now being' executed at the
bureau of engraving and printing under the direc-
tion of tlie Secretar3’' of the Treasur3'. It will be nec-
essar3' to compose a separate t3'pe form for each di-
ploma. There were more than 23,000 successful
exhibitors at the Fair, and as a number of these
received awards in different g'Toups some 27.000 di-
plomas must be printed.

Although not official^' so announced it is gener-
ally' understood that Mr. St. Gaudens has decided to
drape the objectionable features of the male figure
on the reverse side of the World's Fair medal, or if
this is not satisfactor3’ he will make an eiitireD' new
figure of a robust 3'oung man as t3'pical of America.
The medal will be struck off at the Philadelphia
mint as soon as the proposed changes have been
made and the new die is cut.

California Excursions.

The well known Phillips Exciii'sion Company' have ar-
ranged to run weekly excursions to all piincipal Cali-
fornia and other Paeillc Coast cities from all points on
the Baltimore &^Ohio P. K. The parties yvill leave the
East on Wednesday of each week, commencing .January'
17th. and pa.s,sengeis yvill be hooked through to desti-
nation. Tliere are no Pacific Coast toms ottering as good
accomm(Klations at less expense. For full information ad-
dress A Pliillips & Co. , No 111 .'8. !»th Street. Philadel-
phia. or call on nearest ticket agent B. A (). 1\‘. R. Co.

Books and iMajfa/ines.

Till- win -li.H'tl-, |.ul.Ij-li .Ml. I.. .':,i .M a. ; :i . '

cx liau"! i c«* •• II i 'lory Gl I Id* I ' nli.-d st.iD-' X;i
auilior Iki" bpi-n at wTk tor i.iiD* > .-ai-'-.

TId- B.iiicroii CoinjHi'iv. A mi iifiri u in B = - j . »

•'ii<_''aL.'’c(l in a \c«»rk d. -'T' i'li:- ot nior.* ih:::i

llu* rfjjrftd uci ion in book I'orin in tin- hi-j-in---’ i ■

••niir** Exjio-'ii ion. in 7b- //. d .

tlu-krrcai panoranKi wiii id.’..- •.'■.in tin-
loj.'-ica.l and hi-'torical ord<-r. Tli.* r.-ad. . i- ,■

foundation', uj^on whi-ch i)r«'\i*>U' E.ir" b b ■ :.;.f

broadpiifd. aiui 1 i I<i* «.oin<- niau''ica 1 jda m Id- \, '1 c • ; .
iiiL'* of ilDr idt-as u-hicli art* at t Id* bu".* «.l liD* .in'-' • l’'i~* i

lion. Ha\ iiiL'’ ini r».<lm;D<l ihi- lati-'i and uT.-.tip'i ■ n.- .. • U’-
tair.-'. iId' book will iracv it*' ptoUuion in ail <l.*tail-. w I 2 ;d.\'

how it was built, and who Wi-iv it- ciii«'f found.-''-. a=ii tlD*'
pictuiv it not only in it- LTfU'-ral but in it- -o.-. i:il f.-.n ii:';*- .

•‘The Patent SalD-man*- (.uide“ i- iId- liib* <.i » lii_''hl-

iTnen‘.''tin;r and iri.-truciive book by H. O. llarpt-r. -.t Kli.-t nt.
North Carolina. It contain'' ju’-i ''Ucli infortnaii.ni a - I •• •••i ». .r"
are seekinji- — advice reL'^ardiiiL'’ patent-. Id.w to -.-cure i.i.-tn atol
what to do with them after they an* -ecun-ti.

'1 HE .\aOoua/ Gcograf'liic Miiga^luc for Februars . cotitiiiii*. tli.*
annual address of Pre-idetil Gardiner G. Hubb'iird. .m
^rra^jliic Proyress of Civilization." Thi- palter wa- rorul befor.*
the meetiiijj- of the National (ieoj/raphic S(»ciet\ February 2.
The author illustrates by the indelible ** fot.ipri iii- of time in
history" that the hiirher civilization of mankind h;i- de\eloj>«*d
between parallels of latitude drawn ari>und the oarth ab<»ut
fifteen ciejrrees north and fifteen de^rree- -ouili i^f Wii-hiti'j-ion.
'•4he land within these parallels wouhl include allihe i-*. un-
tries of the world that have been hij/hly civilized and di-iin-
iTuished for art and scLoice," says the writer, •‘and the n.-arer
nian live.’- t<.» the polar retrioiis the LTeater hi- infirmity in
intellect, the greater the barbarism.” After recitine- th»* pro-
irress jjf ci \ ilization the distiny-uislied autlD.r cio-.^- hi- ])aper
with the following s-iiniificaiit prediction: "\Vk‘ beo'an with ih«*
proposition that in all a^res of the pa-t civilization ha- been con-
lined t(* the fav<jred rejrions lyinir in the teniparaie zoiu*: but
with ever increasing- knowledge there seem- i*. by no rea-ofi t'»
doubt that man will eventually briiitr under subjection all tin*
adverse conditions of jthysical life and become tlie ma-ier r»f hi--
eii vironnieiit. until the whole earth, even those reiri'ai" hereto-
tore sii].)posed to be entirely unfit for liabitatioii. shall own hi-
])ower and become the abode of the hi<rhe-i in»elliL’’ence :ind
irreatcst civilization."

•* is the si-rniffcant name of a new w»'ekly publica-
tion in ■\Vashing‘ton devoted to the advertisimr and bu-ine-s in-
terests of the Capital. W. A. Hunjrerford is the editor and G.
Grant Armor manasrer.

The A'/t’c/r/ci?/ ll 'or U in its new f</rm, published by the tV. J.
Johnston Co.. New York, is a handsome publication. It i- in ihi.*
front rank of electrical journals.

The J fardv.'arc Dealer is the ii.Tme of a new monthly trade pa-
per published by D. T. Mallett at 7.'< Keade street. New York. It
contains ideas and information for hardware dealers, and the
excellence of its reading'- matter is only equaled by the beauty oV
its lypoirraphical appearance.

The Irrigation Chicajro. a majraziiie of L'Teal interest t.>

the residents of tlie arid regions in the West, has chane'ed it's
form and broadened its field. '• The Progress of Western Amer-
ica" is an i nteresting- article in the January number.

•'Directory of Scientific Societies of Washinyioii ” has been
received. It contains the names of active members of the An-
thropolojrical. Biological. Chemical, Eiitoniohi.irical. Geoloo-ical,
National Geojrraphic and Philosophical Societies. The direct-
ory i'i published under the aii'^pice- of the Joint Commission:
Marcus Baker. Secretary.

In American Engineer and Railroad journal forFebruarv aj^
pears an article on the Buffiiiirlon-Crozier Disappearinir Gu»t
Carriaife. finely illustrated.

•• Quarterly Boiler Revier:." — Two quarters. October and Janu-
ary. received. Delay in issue of October number explained as
havinjr been permitted in order to aft'('rd time to ihorouirhly
secure the numerous claini'^ which are involved in the desii^n
and construction of the Hoiran boiler in the domestic and foreijrii
patents. While this matrazine is more particularly desiiriied to
set forth the advantaires of the Hoyan steam boiler and affords
a medium for the dissemination of Mr. Hoyan's views reyardiny
boiler circulation, etc., it is nevertheless, a very intere'^i.iny pub-
lication for those enyayed in the operation of steam boilers of
every kind.

Toven Topics, the well ktD>wn weekly, famed for the briyhtiiess
and boldness <.)f its writinys. beyins 1894 a more breezy publica-
tion than ever, and with a most interestiny new feature added. It
will, hereafter with each number, issue, as a loose supplement,
a portrait, drawn from life by its own special artists, of some
man particularly distinyuished at the moment in his walk of life.
These portraits will not be reproductions of photoyraphs or an
ordinary portrait for which the subject has posed, but will be
an exact and life-like picture of the man in his natural or
characteristic attitude. As every one knows, the stories, liter-
ary notes, poetry, jokes, field sports and turf notes, are all by
the cleverest writers of the day. In fact no one. as yet. ever
discovered a dull line in Toven 7'//Va. 54.00 per t'ear: trial sub-
scription. three months. 51. tX). Toxyn Topie.<, 21 West 23d Slieel.
New York.

Who are the most famous writers and artists of both conti-
nents? Tl/e Cosmopolitan Magazine is endeavoriny to answer
this inquiry by priutiny a list from month to month — in its con-
teins payes. This mayazine claims that noiwiihstandiny its
extraordinary reduction in price, it is brinyiny the most fam-
ous writers and artists of Europe and America to Interest its
readers.

Small T.-ilks About Business. By A. E. Rice: Fremont.
Ohio: FrenD:)nt Publishiny Co.: cloth. 75 cents: paper. 4H
cents.

The author of this little work writes from knowledye yaiiied
by many years experience behind the bank counter. It is in
fact “A Banker's Hints for Men and Women." Itisthorouylily
practical, telliny in a plain way just what people want to know
concerniny every day business affairs. Valuable to youiiy busi-
ness men and women, it also contains Important suyyestions t<^
those of mature experience in the bu-iness world.

“Tips to ln\entors.’’

'this is one of the mo.sr instructive and usefni works
tor mechanics and inventoi-s. Its author is Robert Grim-
shaw, M. E , and the l)00k. cioth bonnd. retails for 8],
'the IxVEXTIYE .Age for one year and "Tips to Inventoi-s"
will lie sent to any addre.ss tor 81. .'lO.

'I'll K I X \ ' b: X '1' I \ ' b: ^ ( T I £ .

We will send yonr choice of any one of the tVdlow -
in.«»- valnahle inihlications, toj»:ether witli The
Inventive Aj>e one year, for S1.2o.

The A B C of Electricity, by W. H. Meadowcraft. Dynamo and Eleatric Motors, illustrated, by Trevert. Practical Treatise on Electro-plating, by same. Practical
Treatise on the Incandescent Lamp, by Randall. Alternate Cnrrent Machinery, b}- Gilbert Kapp. Steam Boiler Explosions, by Zerah Colburn. Ventilation of Build-
ings, by W. I'. Butler; edited and enlarged by J. L. Greenleaf. On the Designing and Construction of Storage Reservoirs, by Arthur Jacob, A. B. A Treatise on the Com-
pound Engine, by John Turnbull, Jr.; with additions by Prof. S. W. Robinson. Safety Valves, by Richard H. Buel, C. E. A Practical Treatise on the Teeth of Wheels, with
The Theory of the use of Robinson's Odontograph, b}- Prof. S. W. Robinson. On Transmission of Power by Wire Ropes, by Albert W. vStahl. Terrestrial Magnetism of
Iron Ships, by Prof. Fairman Rogers. Cable Making for Suspension Bridges, as exemplified in the construction of the East River Bridge, by Wilhelm Hildeubrand, C. FL
A Hand-book of the Electro-magnetic Telegraph, by A. E. Loring, a Practical Telegrapher. Transmission ofPower by Compressed Air, by Robert /palmer, M.E. Tur-
I)ine Wheels, by Prof. W. P. Trowbridge. The Telescope : its Construction, etc., by Thomas Nolan. Induction Coils : How Made and How Used. The Theory of the
Gas Engine, by Dugald Clark. Electro-magnets, by Th. du Moucel. Dynamo-electric Machinery, by S. P. Thompson. Dynamo Electricity, by John Hopkinson, j.
A. Schoolbred and R. PL Day. Recent Progress in Dynamo-electric Machines, being a Supplement to Dynamo-Electric Machinery, by Prof. Silvanus P. Thompson.
The Steam Engine Indicator and its Use, b}- W. B. Levan. Hand-book of Miueralog}' ; Determination and Description of Minerals found in the United States, by
Prof. J. C. Foye. Modern Gun Cotton ; Its Manufacture, Properties and Analy'sis, by Lt. foliu P. Wisser, U. S. A. "The Inventor’s F'rieiid.” by Joseph Allen Minturn

SCIENTIFIC BOOKS

meats of patents or i)artial interest in same, as

on record in the United Stales Patent Office for
The month endinjf February 24, where the cons.id-
♦‘ration was S2,(KE') and over.

North Dowlinjf inventor, to the American
Standard Telephone Co., of New Jersey, Dia-
idiraj/ms for Telephone Receivers: all rij,>'hts
for tlie U. S. S10,(X)0.

Isaac N. Darr inventor, to Scott F. Keller of
Monticello. 111., harness: all rif/hts for the U.S.
.4>.0<W.

Daniel I). Frisbie inventor, to A. A. Vo<irhis i^f
P«>titiac. Midi.. Fence: all riL''hts for three
^'tates. S5.*ioo.

Erdman Hank inventor. l<» Charles II. Jacobs.
Chicajfo. 111.. Fire Escapes; undivided interest
tf.r the U. S. S5,<hmi.

Lee J. Roarers inventor, to M. U. Royers. Po-
mona, Cal.. Plum Levels: all riylits. SS.OOO.

James M, Kiny inventor. John W. Munden-
liall assiynor. to the Kiny Presx Lirill Co., of
Thayer Co., Neb.. Seed Plaiitm': .all riyhts
for the U. S, i'oS.coo,

Lester }i. Kennedy inventor, Matthew S. I’or-
ler , assiyiior. to IJernard Corriyan, of Jackson
Co.. Mo.. Car Couplers; all riyiils for the U. S.
$10,(XM).

Charles Kelley i n veil tor, to Clarence M. Kemp
4>f JJaltimore. Combined Air Trap and Seat for
Privy Vaults: all riyhts tor the District of
Columbia. 55,tHM).

Henry <). Price inventor, to Ib'ice's Medical
Co., of Chicayo. 111., Trade Mark for Metliciiie
for Rbeumatisin. (lout and Lunibayo. All
riyhts for U. S.

Edward E. Poole inventor, to the Fordyca*
Nutt Lficlv Co., of Fordyce, A rk.. Nutt Locks;
.ill! riyhts for tlie U, S. SlO.tXH).

Charles E. Schofield inventor. l«> Janu‘s H.
McAllister, of Holt Co., Neb., Window Screens;
all riyhts for the Stale of Neb. S3.ff<>d.

James T. Smith and Oliver T. Lucas ineenl-
•*>rs. to J. T. Smith, of Shaw, Kans.. Wire
Splicer: all riyhts for U. S.

Theodore Scliulz and Frederick A. Cody in-
ventors, The A merican Automatic Liyhtiny
Co., assiynors.lo Francis M. Doyle. of Chicayo.
ill.. Hydrocarbon Liyhliny I)e\ ice: all riyhts
for the Stale of Wis. S25,tM>t).

Eliiah Neff inventor, to A lon^o L. Rennells.
nf Rochester, hid.. Pump for Water Systems:
undivided interest.

Edmund P. HavilU* inventor, to Louis C.
•liranyer, of Tenaffy. N. J.. Machine for Tread-
hiy Screws; all riyliis for ihe U. S. S4,(XX),

John H. Hrower inventor. H. H. Russell, as-
signor, to W. W. Flayy, Wauinui. Wis., Wire
Fence Sta^ s; undivided interest. 56,CH>0.

Charles O. and Lucien Harnes inventors F. J.
Miller, assiynor. to the Barnes Car Coupler
Co., Car Coupliny; all interest in said inven-
tion. Sl.tKHl.OdO.

Benjamin F. Smilli inventor, to Edward P.
Johnson and (leorye T. McElroy, Hamr Fast-
ener; all riyhts for Minn, and Wis.

Thomas Head inventor, Edwartl Ore and
Oeorye W. Haiyhl. assiynors. to Janies Di*-
Laney, of Orafton. Nj). Dakota, (Jraiiiiny Com-
position: all ri‘’‘hls for Vernmnt and R, 1.
^3,500.

Samuel F. Hawley inventor, to <leorye S.
Heniiiiiy. Humboldt, Teiin.. Clothes Washer:
all riyhts for the U. S. SIO.(XM).

Auyustus K. Hynsoii inventor, to Montrosu
P. Hynsoii. of St, Louis. Mo.. Barrel Heaters:
iill riyhts for U. S. $5,d<K).

James A. Currie inventor, Frank E. Robin-
son, assiynor. to the Hiulnut Co., of Viyo Co..
1ik1., Mfy., of Hominy Flakes, or Corn Flakes:
all rights for the U. S. SS.OOd.

Matthew F. Coniielt inventor, to tlie Bayou
City Fence Machine Co., of Houston. Texas:
Picket Wiring Fence Machine Co., all rights
for five states. S5.000,

Charles J. Clark inventor, to John ('». Hess, of
Hagerstown, Md.. Tires for Vehicle Wheels:
all rights for four states. S2,0(H>.

William T. and John D. Calton, inventors, to
John S. Thompson, of Cleveland Co.. N. C..
Cultivators: undivided interest. S5.(MX).

The Industrial World.

Car works at St. Louis. Mo., have resumed.

The silk ribbon factory at Kyy Harbor, N.J..
has resumed.

7'he .'Etna Ho.siery Mill at Lansinybury has
resumed operation.

Dunlap's Hat Factory at Brooklyn is again
in active operation.

The striking potters at WellsvilhN Ohio. W(m.
Old wages restored.

Business in (irand Rapids. Mich., furniture
factories is improving.

The Edison Electric Works at Schenectad\
have started up on full time.

The New York banks held S74.707,5CH) in excess
of legal reserve on February 24.

A general improvement is noted in tlie lum-
ber trade, particularly in the South.

Croft, Sons cC Co., extensive worsted mills at
Camden, N. J., have started up again.

Nearly all the knittiiiy mills at Cohoes, N.Y..
have resumed operations on full time.

The Tareiitum Plate Olass Works, idle since
June last, have started again on full time.

Tlie Scranton Pa., Lace Factory has started up
on an order for 30,CH)n pairs of lace curtains.

The Standard Silk Compan\’'s mill at Toby-
hanna. Pa., has resumed active operations.

Five of the six Wamsutta Mills at New Bed.
ford. Mass, have arranged to resume at once^

A reduction of wages is aniionnced in the
Wesiinyhouse Machine Works at Pittsburg,
Pa.

'Pile puddlers have acceple<l the SI rate at Na-
tional Rolling Mill Co.'s McKeesp»>rl. Pa.,
plant.

After an idleness of two years the Clifton
Iron Work'*-, at Birminyhani. Ala., have re-
sit med.

The Leedon Cai])et Mills at Bristol, I'a.. are
again in «»peration with lialf the regular force
at work.

Another cut of 25 per cent, in wages has taken
effect in Lalrobe Steel Co.'s plant at (Ireens-
bury. Pa.

Rock Wooli'Ti Mills at Rockville. Conn., will
shill down soon, throwing 4<I0 hands out of em-
ploy ment.

The Roxbonmyh Carpet Mills at Plymouth.
Pa., are again in operation, giving em])loy ment
to 115<I liands.

Business in Deti<nt manufactories is picking
up. Tlie Detroit Safe Co., is running full force
night and day.

It is reported that the A merican Brass Works
will shortly niovi- from Cambridge. Mass., to
Valparaiso, Ind.

A reduction of lo per cent, in wages has yoiu-
inlo effect in the Pepp»*rell and Laconia 3Iills
at Biddeford. Me.

The tobacco firm ot Win. Eggeri S: Co.. Cin-
cinnati and New York, has asked for extensions
from its creditors.

The Hartford Carpet .Compan> has reduced
wages 10 to 20 per cent., and increaseil working
hours to 4<I per week.

In all the shops along the Philadelphia and
Reading Railroad a reduction in wages of hi
per cent, is announced.

The Old Town Woolen Mills shut down on
the first of February, first time in live years,
owing to lack of orders.

The Ponloosuc WooUmi Mill at Pittsfield.
Mass., has started up on full time, with 15 ])er
cent, reduction in wages.

The Betlilehem Iron Com^iany's steel mill at
Bethlehem, Pa., will resunie 3Iarch I. giving
enijiloymeiit to 1.200 imoi.

Tlie Keystone mill of Lindsay Oc McCulcherni.
Pittsburg, lias resumed under a bt ])er cent, re-
duction in finishers' wages.

The Bigelow Carpet Mills at Clinton. Mass.,
have resumed with reduction in wages amount-
ing. it is said, to 15 per cent.

It is reported that a reducti<m of 5 to lo
per cent, has been made in wages at llu* Wash-
ington Mills. Lawrence. Mass.

Kills A: Son and Messrs. Reynolds ha\ e started
their woolen mills at Monson. Mass., on full
time, with wages reduced 12* ’ per cent,

Stevens A Co.'s woolen mills at Haverhill.
Mass., started up on full time Feb. 5. Als<»
Roy's mills at North Beltingham, Mass.

It is stated that the Bound Brook Woolen
Mill at Bound BnH)k. N. J.. is oi)eratiiig full
lime with a cut of 20 per cent, in wages.

A reduction of 10 per cent, has been made in
wages ill tlie Halle Frost Woolen Mill at
Hinsdale. N. H.. and the plant is operating on
f nil ti me.

At the meeting of the Iron and Steel Sheet
Manufacturers' Association, at Pittsburg, on
the 13th ult. it was agreed that the wages of
high-priced men must stand a heavy cut on the

taking effect of the Wilson bill, probably as
much as 4<‘) per cent., while other workmen
would in all lik'llhood be cut 20 lo 25 per cent.

A reduction in wages amouiiling to 5 per cent,
on common and 10 per cent, on skilled workmen
has taken effect at Jones A' Laiighliii's mills at
Pittsbu rg.

General business revival is reported at Ra-
cine, Wis. The J. 1. Case Thrashing Machine
Works and several smaller manufactories have
resumed o])erations.

Important Decisions.

Jutlge Rickes. holding court at Cleveland.
Oliio, has rendered a very important decision
relating to the validity of a patent in tlie Buck-
e.ve lamp case, in which he holds that the Edi-
son lamp patent is void as Lo the Bucke.ve
Electric Co. The case in point is made to appl\
specifically to the Buckeye suit; the principle,
involved, however, is much more far-reaching
in it'- application to patents geiK'rally.
wliich is that inventors are bound by the
date endorsed on the patent and although
•-uch endorsement may have been made by
error (as was tlie fact in the case in jioint) still
persons acting in good faith on such eiidoiise-
nient and investing capital in conseiiiience of
the supposii ion that the patent expired at the
date endorsed, can not be proceeded agai nst for
i rif ri ngement. The court in this case also de-
cides that the dedication of a patent to the pub-
lic.when made, becomes absolute.ir respect! ve of
the time the patent has yet to run and that such
dedication can never be siibse<iuentl3' re-
voked. By this decision it is lield that
all persons securing patents are bound by
the date endorsed on the patent even though
such endorsement may not have been necessary
and no inquiry is necessary on behalf of the
public in Ihe face ot siicli endorsement. There-
fiire, the services of both careful and competent
persons is necessary and valuable in securing
patents.

An interesting question liasbt*en raised in the
Circuit Court of the District of Columbia by
H. II. JcMies. who bas brought mandamus jiro-
ceediiigs again-l the Cc)mmlssiinier of l^atenls.
and which iiiv«»lves the right of the Commis-
siom*r to reverse tlu* dei'ision of his jn'edecessor
oil tlu‘ same slate of facts. There is also
pending another case which is to determine
whether the Commissioner can reverse tlu* fa-
vorable action of the jirincipal e.xaminer in
allowing applications. Within the past month
(>(K) applications have been withheld from issue,
and eitlier rejected or held for fiirtlier examina-
tion. The decisii-)!! in the case will be awaiti'd
witli interest bv everv ualent attornev.

Proposed Changes In Patent Laws.

Senator Balmer of Illinois, has intr«)diiced a
bill which has for its purpose the shortening ot
the terms of jiatents in certain cases. It ]>rt>-
vid'‘s that inventors may obtain two or more
patents, upon unusual ]n'oceedi iig-. wlu‘iher
the invention In* cajiable of division mt*chani-
cally or on physical lines, or the application
differ men*ly in the form of scoiie of claims
presented; provided that all such patents shall
be issneil on tlu* same da\. f>r if not so issued,
each of tile lat(‘r t)nes sh:ill be issuetl (oil v for
the unex])ired portion of the it*rm of tlie first
one granted, so a-, to cause llu*m all to expire
together. Purchasers under aii\ sucli jialents
shall not be re<iuired to jiay royalty under the
others or any of tlu-ni. J'he issuance of two or
more paten 1 s to thi* same inventor containing
the same claims is prohibited.

A delegation chosen b\ the v\ merican Asso-
ciation of Manufacturers and Inventors was
heard by the House commitleo on patents re-
cently, as to comprehensive cliaiiges in the
patent laws. Messrs. Artliiir Steiiart. of Balti-
more, Gi*orge Harding of Philadeljihia and
W. C. Dodge of Wash ingloii. e.xplai ned the pro-
posed changes, which have been embodied in a
bill introduced by Representative Hall <jf Minn-
esota.

A bill has been introduced b\ ReiireseiUative
Robbins of Alabama, tor a commission to be
appointed by the Presidi'iil to revise the laws
concerning jiatenls and trade marks.

The Perfect Copy=Holder.

The Perfect Cop> -Holder, the iiiveiilioii of
Caj)!. J. C. Mitchell, is now being sold by tile
Perfect Copy-Holder Co.. Wasliingloii. a cor-
jioration organized under the laws of Virginia.
Tlu* popularity of tlie holder seems to be as-
sui'eti as it is the only adjustable, movable and
practical hold»‘r ever made. It is being used
<iuite extensively in the departments, and by
ty pe w ri t e rs gene ral l.v .

Commissioner of Patents Seymour has issued
a circular annouiiciiig that hereafter on Wednes-
days he or the assistant Commissioner will
give oral hearings on <inestions of classifica-
tion of applications or patents to examiners
whose divisions may be involved. No written
statements on these questions will be received.

The infringement on the phonograph and
grapluiphoiie patents has been decided in Eng-
land in favor of the Edisoii-Bell Phonograph
Co.. «ni .ill points.

An ordinance has been presented to the Phil-
adelphia council for an elevated electric rail-
road eight miles long.

Tlie Northwestern Electrical Association
held an interesting and profitable meeting in
Milwaukee, Feb. 18th and FHli. The summer
meeting will be held at St. Paul.

The death of Dr. Colton of New York, inven-
tor of the first electric locomotive, occurred on
Jan. 16th. He was also celebrated as the dis-
coverer of "laughing gas.*' for dentistry.

Electricity will probably be the motive power
for the new North Side elevated railroad iu
Chicago. The road is to be twelve miles long,
si.x miles to be completed within three years.

Tlie suit for injunction brought by the Bell
Telephone Conqiaiiy against tlie Western Tele-
plione Conslrnclion Company has been com-
promised and dismissed: the Bell Company pay
the cost of suit.

Tlie Bell Telephone Company has made ap-
plica1i<ni to the Massachusetts legislature for
authority to increase its capital S30,(XMl,(XXX The
larger portion of this increase is designed for
u.xtension of its long distance telephone S3’’Slom.

One of the first consumers of electricity gen-
erated by the Niagara Falls plant will be the
Pittsburg Reduction Company, which will em-
ploy a current equal to about 30(X)-lu)rse power
in iiroduciiig aluniinum by electrolysis. This
work' will be doiu* near the falls.

There is pending in Congress a bill authoriz-
ing the Metropolitan Railroad Company of
Washington, to put in asystem(H underground
electric trolley on its ‘Hh street line, with privi-
lege of iisi ng cabU* if found to be more practi-
cal. The success of the underground conduit
electric system on the U street line encourages
the belief that this system will be adopted on
the Oih street line.

T'he Westi iighouse Electric Works at Pitts-
burg are doing a busi ness of nearly $(),0(X),CKX)
])er year, are employing more than 2000 hands,
and have contracted for a new plant with all
modern improvenu-uts. The company shipped
upwards of S5tXi,(MM) worth of goods in November
and nearly 5(»00.(H)0 worth in December. It will
be obliged to work nights in order to complete
the Niagara Falls apparatus on time.

The Railroad Commissioners <*f New York
tiiuling there must be special legislation ta
allow them to lake the position of judges in
tlie contest for the prize of S50.i>00 offered by
the Metropolitan Traction Compan.v, of New
York City, for the best nielhod of transit in city
streets other than the trolley and cable, are
preparing an enabling measure to be presented
to tlu* Legislature at Albany for its action.

In the suit now pending between the Adams
Electric Railroad Company and the Lindell
Railroad Company, Special ?2xamincr John A.
Robinson has concluded the takingof testimony
and as a result will return into the federal
court 2.380 printed papers of testimony and 254
exhibits, sucli as models and drawings. It is
expected that the matter will be taken up by
J udge Thayer during this niontli. There is <>ver
S50,(XH),0(XI involved and The Edison Company
is the real parly in interest as defendants.

The full bench of the supreme court of
Massachusetts lias decided that an electric
street railway company is liable for damages
ilone to street travelers, exercising due care,
who are injured by reason of the falling of
overhead wi res. etc., caused by the failure of
tlu* apparatus to support the strain for which
it was designed. The case was that of Charles
Uggio agalu'-i ilie Wi*st End street railway
coinjiany at Boston. The defendant's e.xcep-
tioiis were overruled, and a verdict of Sti.OfX) will
stand. The plaintiff’ was struck and injured
by the falling of a defective "ear" used on
cu rves.

An outfit for making photographic drawings
<ff inventions lias been set up in the patent
office. The work of maki ng copies will be be^
gun oil March 1. The object of this it is said
it to prevent attorneys from altering original
drawings of applications on file.

THt: INVKNTIV'B AOE

'l! )

copies

CI.AvSSII' lEl) list of Patents issued during the month appears in each issue of the iNVENTivij Aoii, which keeps inventors ported in the art in

mostly interested. The full address of any patentee, and number of patent found below sent to any address on receipt ol one 2-( ent 'lain

send/postpaid, to any address, printed copies of any U. S. patents, with specifications and drawings, upon receipt of 20 cents for (Uie eop\ :
50 cents for three copies. (See preiniuin offer elsewhere in this issue. 1 Address 1 fffv INN PN f IN h, .Si 11 .\nii

liieh tin >■ are
nv... wii:
s . i-ni' for I'.'.

LIST OF PATENTS

(.KAN'i'Kl) FOK INA'LNTK )NS,

JANUARY 23, 1894.

I See note at head of tills list.]

A'Idiiijr iinuljiiUb h S BurritUf and X H
Marslinian.

Adjustable sereen. -I E Siiives.

Air brake attaclinietit. T L hlelianUun.

Air brake niechanisni, autoinalic. Ji l-

fries.

Air imritior, return I» Mannon.

Aliuiin, easel. ^V .A llulnnin
A inalK‘> uniting an«l cunceiiti at ing a] '[ta rat us.

A Tornaglii.

Annunciator sy>teiii. A L Vngt.

Bag. J NV Hill

Band cutter. .1 o Oonindl.

JJand cutter and feetler. -I Iv iley and U
P Myers.

]5eating out maclilne. NV E Forster and In
H Taylor.

Betl, invalid. J Eggerf.

Betlstead and coiicli. M Kitlbergvr.

Bidl. electric 2. < '. Turnbull, Jr.

Bell ftir pncuinatic tube.s. electric call. L
Strouse.

Bell, statt'. F Smith.

Belt. G E Zeltinacber.

Belt, electric. NV (' Fuller.

Jkntl), sliip*-. E Lawson.

Bicycle. .1 A rdcliards.
jficycle gearing. !► C Fiazcnr.

Bicycle sii]n>ort. .1 A Mctdnnis.

Billiard tablig book case and desk, ciunbiiied.

S -N Faribault.

Blackboard and desk, ccinbiiRMl. II E But-
ler.

Blo\\ei , poN\ile;\ It S Knmle.

Bolt. NV V Ltirubband.I Pcidiiig.

Book cover.", niacliiin* for makiug. 0 -I and
A E Coles, J C Smith, NV .lainicson and A
I Jacol'S

Book, men autile clieck aud advertFing. .T
NFclvinley.

Book support and leaf holder. .1 Nl Lloyd.
Boot tree clasib A D NN'arucr.

Boring and mortisiug machine, portable.

E K Thodcu.

Boring machine. II NN’’ Crane.

Box strapping and corner iron. K C Snow-
«len.

Braid. G Qiiauibusch.

Breast compressor. T R Chaoilter".

Brewing vat. H Strater.

Brick machine. P E Simpson.

Brhlge, susiiension. NV H (J t.freei'.

Broiler or toaster. E Groos.

Brush, stencil. NV Baldwin.

Bucket mechanism, drop bottoni. G II Hu-
lett

Buckle attachment. SC Anderson.

Building block, o B Schmall.

Calculator, logarithmic, d Bilieler,

Capo tasto. F It and It NVhelan.

Car and train pipe coupling, combined. NN'
X Sewell.

Car brake. S V Balinic.

Car brake. G F Braudaii.

Car brake. G Brill.

Car coupling. J FAans.

Car coupling. K Hays.

Car couiiling. L D Murphy.

Car door. K \j I’hipps.

Cardooi', freiglit. J .1 Mulligan.

Car, dumping 2. F A Trapp,

Car for elevated structures. IT ^V Kireliner
and G X Chase.

Car, fruit. II A Smith.

Car grip, cable. NV II Russell.

(Niir, Railway. FI K Ingram.

Car ventilator. A A Miller.

Cars, electric motor for street. B G r;amme.
Carts, combined hohler and supporter for
tip. C P MeCTanathan.

Cash register and indicator. C J llyberg.
Castings, making steel. X NVashburu.

Chair toot rest, rocking. L ll Armstrong.
Clienille fabric, woven. C A Schmidt.
Churn. G G Bavis and F] Sawyer.

Cliurn. R It NN’ayland.

Churn power. NT M Taylor.

Circuits, means foi‘ neutralizing self induc-
tion ill alternating. E Thomson ami E ^N’
Rice, Jr.

Circuits, method of and ap[)aratus for pre-
venting phase-displacement in alternating.
C P Steinmetz.

( lasp. NV In Draper.

Clock system, electric. J H Gerry and >'
M Schmidt.

Clothes drier. <) M Shannon.

Coal thill, rn Flardsocg.

Cock, stop ami waste. H Mueller.

Ctjft'ee stirrer. I Ginn.

Cotfee substitutes, preparing. H Trillich.
Ct>il, resistance. H P Davis.

Coil, self-inducTioii. C F Scott.

Coin slot machine 2. CP Young.

Coke oven. T Bauer.

Collar and stiffener therefor. S 1) 3lcElroy.
Color barmonizer. In Kreiitzer.

Combination lock. J T Iloile.

Commutator for dvnamo-electric macliines.
FI L Fee.

Conveyer. T Patterson.

Cooker ami baker, combineti steam. C Mes-
sick.

Corn cutter. NVR Clark.

Corn carting devic.-. C D Cmirtright and C
A Powell.

('oniet mourhpiece. NV If Talmadge.

Cotton ch ipper and odtivattjr, comi'ined.

H Bosley ami .1 II Organ
Ciate cover and fa>t^^ner. i' In ami J F'
NVeaver.

Cream cool* r ami soda foiintHin. V N\' 3Ier-
rill.

Cnishiugor grinding mill. H J R Paniph-
iloii

Gnhivalor. NN’ llt-w itt.

(•urrency straji \l S\nir‘'in.

Guitain fixture. F II Bius'Ctt.

Gurtaiu fixture. NV .Nieyci.

Cmtain streroher, Im e. .N. P Bolilingt-r.
Guttleiy, tai'lf. J C Riclii'oig.

Dental engine luacket arm, adjii-table. .1
In STanttui.

Dental liamlj'ieces, adjustalde anul<- attacli-
nieiit for, C L F'lirmnn ami G F; llollaml.

I leiital plngger. G .V Fustei' and G 1C 11*4-
man.

Desk. K i.ee.

De>k lid support. G Dorif,

Disliclotli holder. H F NVlunder
Di"infecting apparalns. B M<,-FCv(ty.

Histances. in^trnim'iit for ascertaini ng. N' de
/iej:ler and C 1 1 ager.
l)oor .stop. II I IJiipincott.

Ftoiiehe and batli contrivance, wasliing. T
In M Ihilow,

ItfCss shield. R llaphel.

l)rying kiln. E A Kinney and J S llol'by.

Diijile.x engine. In E t.luik.

Dust collector. J K Miller.

])ust or sliavings collector. II E Day.

Dii-stei - G NV Griswold.

Dyer's vat. T .\ 1 1 urns.

FCasel. G NV OL Oaim.

Eleetrio Conductors, means for i-ouling. H
A Rowland.

Elect! ic <devaT‘'r. X P otis.

Elect! ie liglit cut oft. .1 B Stewart,

Electric liglit fixtun- fur imisie stands. NN'

J Kelly.

Elect! ic niacliijie, dynamo. G F Diockmann.
FCleCtiic machine, magneto. H H Taylor.
FClectiie meter. G Gudgell.

FJlecti'ic meter. J G Henry.

Electiic motor contiullingilevice. .) EStan-
tou.

Elevatois. eF‘ctrie safety ih-vice for, R NV
Magrane.

Exhibiror, goods, D B Englisli and S II
Hiniiant.

Fan, aiiiomalic. J T N'aini.

Fare recorder. A Katzky.

Farr'.twing booth foi' ijiood sows. NN' Juhii.'-
tou.

Faucet. D Devlin.

F'aucet, measuring. P B Bassett.

Feed water, lieating. G M Mullen.

Fence. J G (froseclose.

Fence machine. NV T Mipinger.

Fence post. C In Bronson and L Ileilaml.
^'e!lce post. G M ixiler.

Fern e po.st support. C j‘ Reist.

F'eiice. rail. M 8 Smitli.

FeiTneiitatiun, aiipaiatiis f..r preventing. .)
R power.

File and the like I'lovided with pins and de.
vice> fo!‘ securing fiapers there(»n, pa]ier.
M Krageii.

I'ilter, attachable. T ('• Andrews.

Fire appal atns, J B Hunte:'.

File escape, ffexibh- metal, 'f Piai.diey.

Fire extinguishing apparatus. J B Hniiter.
Fire exTiiiguDhiiig apparatus. 31 N'inning.
Fireplace frame. J H NVliite.

Flue cleaner. E F)avey.

Flue stopper, adjii>table. NV if Ran.

Folding machine, <-ircular. J R Nlciionald,
I'oldiug ^tand. T A Clarke.

Foot bench, folding. A Epstein.

I'ork liolder. safety. G Sasse.

I' lUTiacc. In L F'ord.

Furnace, meclianical stok<u-. R Xewton,
Game a^iparatus, foot ball. T Knight.

Gas and electric coupling. NV .1 Kelly.

(lus ligliter, electric. NV L Rrown.

Gas motor igniter. NV F NVest.

Gate. NV E NN’ieland

Glass decorating ai>paratu>. F' E Gnant.

Gold ami silver from cyanide solutions, appa-
ratus fur precipitating. C Carter, A H
Bell and C T BnoJim.

Gong, electro meclianical. X II Sureu.

Grain dump. .1 8 Seely and C R J)e La Ma-
ry r.

Grate bar. 0 Turnofsky.

Gnu barrel. II A Kiugsland and NV P 8an-
ger.

Gun, breech loading. J 31 Browning.

Gun carriage. K Haussner.

Jtame hook. R B Swann.

Hammer, power. L I) Floward.

Hammer, stone-cutter's bush, .1 O’Donnell.
Harp for bicycles, wind. I Armer.

Harrow, circle. H Jaeuisch.

Harrow, disk. T Boggs.

Harrow, disk. 0 8 Sharp.

Harrow, spring tootli. 31 J Tud<l.

Flarvester, corn. J B ami G TTuckermaii.
Harvester elevator. F A Jmiie.

Hay loader. J L aud P C 3rcCreary.

Head Mock air cushion. NV E Dean.
Heating apparatus, steam. H C Simmons.
Heel stiffeners, machine for cutting. F
3roore.

Hoisting and conveying machine. D I Cal-
houn.

Hoisting apparatus. C Pay.

Hopper of dressing or separating iiuichiues
for ffour, cK'. J 31 Rishworth, S Ingham
and .1 Vickeif?.
llosreshoe. B F Fink.

Hoi'seslioe bending machine. II E Daiby.
Ilorseslioe fastening. E T Covell.
lIor5e>hoe swagging macliiiie. H E Darby.
Hose clamp. S J Hart.

Ilul). C G Berger.

Hydi’anlic presses, shears. A'c.. mechanism
for conti-olling the operation . «.'t. E NN'
Xayloi',

Licutirication devicjc J Saudek.

Index. NV H Scliuyler.

Index, telephone. X NVel'b.

Iidialer. NN' B S]i'‘neer.
rnjectui-. P B)'() Willey.

I nvalid ic-'t. ( ' H Parliman.

•b-welry ami -niall wai c. ja-odm ing ivth i linu
pi'Dpci'ties in. J Ess<‘1n
.lull ITial Itux. I' ( i Bi d-'fulNl .

Kneadi-i’, dough. .1 31 < 'ruwh \ .

Knitting machine huldduwn. II G Uighi-
nii: c.

Knitting machine pressi-r wln-cl>, i\;c., adjii"-
Vahh* snjipui'ling tle\ice Ft. .N ami I
I'uiiipkins.

Knitting machines, aiituniiilic electiic >tuji-
niulioii j'or. J Bncln-l
l.aini', electi iu ai'c. W’ .laiidiis.

Laid co.ilei-" and lairiliiT-, indieatiiig de-
vice for, NV H DeeiinT.

I.atlK'S, (Miistrucl iun uf. G A NVindmullei-.

Uitti-e ur truss eip!,-i. II .luly.

i.ead, apparatus fur the prodiietiun uf wliite.

X K .Munis and .1 NV Bailey,
beltei', >igij -J. (i .1 B lludwell.
l>ife I'lfat. .V S,;lion(‘mann.

Lifting Jack. .N 1. Stanfurd.

Linuletim iiressing appai’atu.s. I' .\" .Nlehin.
Lock. .1 .1 Bidgway.

Luck marking gage, door. F K iNtliering-
ton.

Lubricator. G < ' Vuuiig.

31alfiug apparatus. F Kiiuttell.

Meat, Ac., machine fur ' uTtin.g. .V .'"chei-
tliaiier.

3letal sulfide tVuin by pii.siilfite suliitians. [a-e-
cipitating. 1 1 1 lirsciiing.

Nletals by m-'aiis of electricity. pruee.'> uf and
apparatus for melting. .\ F W Kieiusmi.
.Nfetallnrgical plant. E I- Ford.

MeTi'i's fur estimating the vuhinie and dmi^ity
uf ah'uliuls, Ac. -V N' I, Beduut.

Nli' iMplione. -N (D‘oi)<-i'.

Millc rec(>ptaele. .1 31 NIattliews.

Mines, electrical appaialns for lii ing suhiua-
rim-. G Bertuliiii.

Mining machine .1 L Beiiry and .! T Gres-y.
3liter. h‘vel and squaix', combined. i'

I latoli and .1 N\'(‘Uger.

3rixi)iL: materials method uf and apparatus
fur. ■ T A lidis.m.

3lulding maeliitie. uiitsidi-. G D .Maisii.
3Lonkey wrem li. E G N\'ells.

3rower, lawn W' 31 Ring, .1 N\' 8niith and .N
.Vniiess.

M(.)W<‘is, gra"> collector fuj- lawn. K Andei -
son.

Nliisic leaf tiiriK'r. S II Bedniuiid.

3lLisical instrument atlachmeiiT. 31 J Bet/,
Xa.sal expnmiei'. N\' .V Bayton.

Xippli.'S liurinu tiireadine, device foi' hulding.

.r 11 IGh-y.

Nozzle ami sprinkler. cumbiiie<l. a L Young.
Xiit lock. K 1 lay>.

Xut lock. .I8cliiiTa.

Nut lu<dc. R < ' Snuwden.

Nut wrench. .1 Hardy and B ihinn,

Gil healiM'. N\ Nlastei's.

Gre couceutratur licit. H .1 Summ(*riiaye>.
Package <-arriei'. NN'II .Vlbacli
lacking. .1 Nliii'phy.

Backing, car dour F F Ganda.

Badluck. N\' F Trua.-t and 8 R Slaymal^cr.
Bail. U B Knuj'.

Paper spuul or tiubhin 2. G E (irimm.

Pencil huldcj’. S L La/aron.

Perumbulatur. L Roberts.

Bhuiiograph 2. T A Edison.

Photugrapher’s bath ami printing frame,
coi'ihined. F 8andeinan.

Piano muffler ur soft stop. E 31 Guiiit.
Pistol. NV NV Kimball.

Planter, check row corn. H ihttmau.

Plow. E 8 -Moui'e.

Plow. G 3Ioore.

Plow sweep. J F Reeder.

I’neumatic tube systems, station fur. II G-
Kelly.

Post driver. C T Cannon.

Prirtin.g from stencils, machine for. T H
Stackhouse.

Printing machine, jdaten. J NVintertou.
Printing press. J J Pederson.

Propeller. A NV Case. (Reissue)

Propelling canal boats, electrical means for.
J 8achs.

Pulley, split. L 8 Bache.

Pulley, split, II F Kiihlniann.

Pulp strainer. NN' N Cornell and J NN' 3Ic-
Culhjch.

Pninji 2. C E Funk.

Pump, ejector. NN’ B Nevill.

Pump giivevuor, air. .1 T Hayden.

Pump, hydiaiilic air. E H NVeatherhead.
Puz/le. A E I larker.

Radial drill. A .1 F 3Iill.

Radiator, clecttic, NN' D Hough and E Z
Burns.

Rail brake. II L Simmons.

Rail joint. E P ( ’aldwell.

Rail joint. 31 C Niles.

Rail joint securing device. J L Pope.
Railway joint.*, automatic locking device
for. J L Po] e.

Railway rail. H L Stillman.

Railway signaling apparatus. E A NN’inter-
halder.

Railway supply system, electric. H 8 Pruyn.
Railway track sweeper. G 31 Brill.
Railways, span wire for overhead electric.
S H Short.

Rain water tiowing from roofs of houses,
apparatus fur separating air from. R
Ilabermann.

Reel and barrel carrier, Combined, il 3111-
ler.

Reeling iimchinu, .1 Carsten.

Refrigerator car. 31 8 3Iillard.

Rein supiioi t. F E Van Loan.

Rheostat. NN’ Nferedith.

Rheostat, automatic. B G Van Emon.

Rock crusher. H L Kent.

Rock drills, staml for supporting. .1 31c-
Cnlhcli.

Rolling mill. J G Laurie.

Roofing, Ac., composite material for, E 31
Pritchard.

Butaiy enginu. f Haiding.

Bubher dam t lamp. J NN I\uiy,

Sjtddlu. iiai iie.".*. T J I b -ii<_di ti;i:.

Safety I'laku. i\ \ Mayn.aid.

Sasli f-j-teiier G 1 1 Biditer.

.'S.t'.li fa"t{'mo and upeiatur. .1 W T GiUian).
Sash huhh'r. T NN' I’arm'd**.

Sam epan. B B N'amlei bui-L'.

Saw-guar<l G G Ihekett.

Seale, peiidulnm. E G Farm<-i
S( liMul M-at. I, I’, t/elt.

Scraper, wlieideil eartli. N\’ E Killiurii.

Sci e w cult i iig inacliim*. G N\' .NB-tth-r.

Screw tapia’ng macliine or atlaidini'-nt . -I
NV Hartley.’

Seal. car. G NI \ lire.

SecomlaiT baltei'v. and L Pai-i't.

Shoe and making .*anie. G A Bichardxm.
shoe fastening. N\' I’ Gum-.

Signaling ajipai’atii", ehM.-tidcal time. J H
Gerry.

Sli<liiig ami swinging gate, 'f ( I.ung.
Smoke Consuming furnace. INN ih-'^kw ith.
8imd\e j,ire\’eiitiiiii' fnrnaia-. (' I, Stacy.
Suldering iiMii. B B N’amlerburg.

Sparrow tiap .1 NN' Henry.

Spectacles, ( ' Bum ||.-.

Speed legulatoi-. E Saluiiiuu
Spindle healing. NV E Allen.

Stage erteet*. mecl!ani>ni foi iliu prodm-iion
of .Nf 1. Fuller.

Siam|iing pre.s" hand giiaril. 'f A Di' k.'.
Staves, preparing bung. J Plenkhar{).

Steam iioiler, G NN' Euiihoidr.

Steam (‘iigine. direct acting. \N E Hill.
Stereotype Mock Trimming a[>paratiis. A
Kaysei-.

Stoppers, «niening Ie\«-r for bail. W Xui-.
Stole service appar.atu-. 11 B B NN'illiaiii*.
Straw stackei'. E NN’ Kruse.

Street or station imIi<‘ator. H B Kuersten.
Street-sweeper. .3 P Palmer and H L Plielp.s.
Snlfunic Compounds, making pui*-. Ic NV R
Schroter.

Switcii and .signal apparatus. F L Dodgson.
Syringe. .1 Lalumle.

'I’ai k dri\ ing machine. M Rand F N lAh-
ridge.

'I’elc phone i’all registering appai'at ns. L
l\ahn.

Teleplium* switch, coin uperateil. i' F Bi'uwn.
Telephone transmitter. F K Golvin.
Thrashing inartiinc, S D (.'rocketr.

Ticket, lailway. F 31 Shaltiic.

Tile dies'ing and fiiiisliing machine. J
Rapp.

Tile, roof scale. NN' Lnduw ici.

Tire, bicycle. A Meyer.

'fire tiglitcnei . J Tiip]i.

Tobacco knile. J1 D Boiii laD<l.

Tool or hatcliet, coinl)ii'Ution. C N Ketchnm.
'foy fence. NV .1 and E Phelp>.

Toy. magic. U Arm-trong.

Toy j)istol. J !v 3Iedrick.

Track cleaning aptiHi'atns B E Nlason.
Track, oveiliead- J II ('ook.

Transformers, cooling. H A Bowlaml.
Transformers, cooling tbc iron off'. 11 A
Rowland.

Trolley wiieel. (r G Buurdereaux.

Tiuck. hand. NN' RoMnson and F D Fergus-
.son.

Trucks, liuiik for logging. < ’ D Nlatheny,
Trucks, motor siii)[ioit for motor. NN' S
Atlams.

Ti'unk kick. 1. Hillebrand.

Trunk top. F Kukknek.

Tubes fur lioilow’ ingots, machine for mak-
ing taper. 8 P 31 Tasker.

Turbines, bearing for steam. G A Purs<uis.
Type-wiiting machine. J N Howard.
I'mhrella spring. C .V Price and .8 S l'’retz-
Valve. L J Ilii t.

Valve, balanced slide. E Lloyd.

Vah e, intercepting. B B Carter.

Valves, aiiparatus for refitting slop. G E
Hall.

N'alvcs, tool for applying or removing re-
newable seats in straightway. E 11 laiu-
ken.

Valve'l can. C E NN'hite.

Vehicle brake. E Hays.

Vehicle storm apron. J F Taubman.
Velocipede. NN' C Davis.

Vent peg for i'cer or other citsks. .T P Hard-
ing.

N ise, portalile bench. NN P 8haw
Vise, revolving. G Eisele.

NN'arjdug or reeling machine. 11 B 3fallisoii-
NN'ashing machine. 1' F Blank.

^N■a^hsng nnu hine. G NValter.

NN'ater towel . l> A NN'ooilhouso.

NVeaner, calf or colt. R 31 Franks.

NN'ell drilling machine. 8 3IacEachen.
NN'liiffletree. G 8 Sharp
NVhitUetree Imok. J U Davis.

NVindow or enitain fi.xture. G A Crimson.
NVire stretcluu-. L A Balmar.

NVreiich. I; P Iiavi'lsun.

NVreiicli. .1 J’ 3[atthews.

PATENTS GRANTED JAN. 30, 94

Acid, process of and ajiparatus for making-
carbonic. A. Van Berkel ami R. Fliess.
Air-attempting apparatus. J. F. Dornfeld.
Air compressor, bydraulic. J. H. Ciuunp.
Aluminum sulfid, making G. T. J. Vaiitiii.
A imiiu nation -package, F. 31. Garland.
Anclior, vessel, R. Zertuche.

Annunciatoi-, M. Garl.

Ai'iiunciator, J. H. 3IcEvoy.

Annunciator, F. N\’. Ross.

Arnior-]ilates, apparatus for use in chilling,
T. J. Tressider.

Badge. J. R. Lee.

Ba r for transporting money, Ac. J A Gar-
law and NN' J Teedey.

Bail, basket. O. Kuiiig-ilow.

Baling-press. G. G, and G. A Blakelv.

Ball. J. B. Dickey.

II Sts.. O- c.

B;i li l <1,1 !• I !■ • • I'-i . * > \ -

Ban<l-- nil* I' .in . . H- .

Bani-,. I . E. « .J.’

B.a.n l, kiiu. lul .Mi. .1 Z. 1..; .
B:irr>-l-"'-lfiii:.'-u| i<-.-. .1 PI-

W . K. t igg-ll.
lb-,1 1 i II . . -liaff . .1 1. N '-‘A • I '

B.OM.-ad. NV. B. il. -kihv
B.-*Kn ad Iramc. W . B. lb -Am-
B« ‘-f-!uak-l»acki-|-. .1 NV B< i n.<rd.

BMI, -liaim. .1. ■ . NV, )b.

Bell. K G Balt, o

imll, AC.. I. 1 E G.ii.i.l-

B-l). ch-ciri.-. .1 II .'I i:

Bicycle, i ' H .Nb i /,

Bicych'-.'lan'l atiar lim<-or. l.> Bi-I,

Billijird ball. G 1! Bnir.

B»laijk-f‘.'i-<ling 'h \ i< • .1 N Gj,t\ .tiel .1 l(

M uich.

Builer furnace, -ti-am, NN B.-. - - y
Boih-r tnbe-plat' . 't<*ani. .1 BliilHp-.

Boiler water-gagi- -t-'am. I .Nl MaGjne.
Boilei". water b<*:tfing ami t'eeiling app.ii--
atiH for fti-am. NN' > Bii'liar<i*.>n.
I>ook-co\'er. (b'tacliaMe. .1 .Ir.

Book "tack fur librarie" B R '.i. c ji, R. i--
snei

IMot or hlna- upjK-i- j-a- kim.. macljin.-. F I.

< 'ujinant.

Buttle siupper. G H Da\ i".

Bulllc .^tupper. nmeiiag'-. .1 Blinii.

B'ittle wa-ilu-r .1 I* linini-.

Bijttle wa."liet'. !' lliicthej ami .1 KGi.

Box sliaping macbinc. G I'aiin-c-an.

Brake beam. '' l'» King.

Brake sbue. < T '‘<,hucn.

Brakij .'Ikk's. makiuLT. *

Bi'ick dr;Ning, tnnm-ll. .1 .-fail'.ey.

Brick kiln. NN' H Xuye.

Brouiiis, nmnulactnie of. Mepbcii.

Bruab, bathing or fie.-h. F Xei-ll.

BiiliMe, blowing <i<-vic<-. G Brais*ean.

Buckle. G R Harris.

Button fa."teuer. R M Bell.

Gar brake. H K * ullctt.

(.’ar lirak'-. NV i nrtiss.

Gar coupling. *' G Billmau.

Gar coui>lirig. N\’ ]■'. Bnris".

Gar coupling. J Gate.*.

(’ar coupling. .1 NV Smart.

Gar coupling. D NVhuley.

Gar. Railway. EG Allen.

Gar replace)-. F NV Rcaney.

( ar starter aiid pi’opelier. ele'.-tric, 1!

Schmitz ami J Nlendenhall.

(.’ar w heel. L Roli.

Car wheel. N NN aslibiirn.

('ar wheel fender. (.1 Blaki'tuiie.

Gar wheel fender or guanl. G Blakistone.
Card liulder. F J .N(c.-Nrdle ami J B Fuiay.
Garriage brake. G NN' Holmes.

Cash carrier ai'jiaratns. H .Nl NN'eavei.

Cattle guar<1. L Lefleve
Ceiling, fireiiroof. NV .V Burr.

Ceiling, metallic. 1. J Cheie t.

Chains, buckels, strap>, Ac. 3leaii" for 'lis-
coimecting. L Becker.

Chair fan attaciimeiit, rucking. C F Bett-
man, .Ir.

Gliimney. J (I'lieout.

Gliiumeys fur shipment, packing. J 31
Leaver.

( hloiofonn mixer. J’ G Lew is.

Glinck, Jewel. J Hutchinson.

F^igar cutter, and adveitising device Cum-
hined. F ilanscom.

Cigar tip cutter. F H La Bierrc.

('ircuic closer, automatic. JI Lewers.

Gii-cuit controller, regulatoi-. B B Ward.
Glevis A M NN'ard.

('lip, for papers ami Ac, (i B Farmer.

Gloih cutting niHcliine. A K Tliyll,

Cloth, method of and macliine for finishing.
NV Hehd..n.

Clothes I'in machine. ‘ NV Hall.

(.'oidv float, ball. N\' H Bate.

Cock for air brakes ami Mgnals, safety. S
A D Heath.

Collar and cuff' holder for luggage carriers.
G 8 Eggeman.

Coloring apparatus, skin. F Jones.
Commutator. GA liollins.

Compo board 11 NV Mowry.

(.'ondeuser. T 31 Eynon.

Conductor, anti-inductive. H F Chick.
Conveyer. R L Hassell.

(.'uiiveyer. C 31c31ahau aud A 31 Southard.
Copying apparatu.", Autographic. U 31
N\ liite and G E Ee Couut.

Corn cuttei'aml shocker. D O Fosgate.

Corn busker 4. H H Perkins.

Corn shucking de^ ice. A N Russell.

Corn shiicker. FA 3Ierritt
Cotton .gill condenser. G I; Rollins.

(Jover fui jars, A'c. G H Ritter.

Crane for niaiiipnlatiiig tongs. J F A 8mitli
and J 31 Bryant.

(’ulinary utensils, making. R C Cole.
Cultivator. Cotton. H Xehrmeyer,
('iirliDgiruii heater. GE Proctor.

I’amper regulalor, automatic, fl F 3Iaxim.
Dead light. A 31cDougall.

Differential brake. A Fanlkeuau.

Ditching machine, (i 31 Ihlcher.

Door spring and checlt. .1 Robinson.
Drilling- machine. .1 Joplin.g.

Diilling machine, cutting bit. J T 8iiyiler.
Drinking fountain for iioultry. G NV Dodder.
Drive wlieel. electrically propelled. C G
Anderson.

Drying barley, malt, Ac. apparatus for.
J NN'hites

Drying nuicliine. J B Dobson
Dynamo brush. W H Fleming.

Dumping apparatus. N\' II Barrett.

Electric alarm. D 8 Schureman.

Electric furnace. E Thompson.

Elecrtic motors for operating machinery.
Utilizing. C Huffman and E Richter.
Electric wire cleat ui liolder. ANN' Fuller.
Electric wire coiinect<jr. E II 3Iunson.
Electric wire holding -levicc. detachable.
( ' Beard.

so

'r J-1 1£ I X K X T I E H .

J-^lectrical distribution, system of. W Stan-
ley, Jr., and J F Kelley.

Klectrical distribution, sy.stem of. (' H Tal-
mage.

.Electrolytic cell. (' T .1 Vautin
1 lectro-mechanical device for IkjIIs, Xc.
W 0 3Ieissn«T.

Elevator, safety ilevicc. W J* Kidder.
Embi'oidering niachine. f F Baniuin and
J McDermott.

Engine. 0 L Lincoln.

Engine controlling mechanism. B F Teal.
Envelope fastener. 1’ F Gonon.

Envelope macliine. L Krmoldaud W Hollis.
Excel.sior cutting mac hine, L .1 M’ohnlieh.
Eye guard, ventilated. II 31 'fileston.

Fan, rocking chair. K Metlike and
H Sch'valbe,

J'aucet and no/zle conibin.Ml, 31 L and
ll L Bergman.

Feed bag. K D Bean.

Feed bo.\. N (.’obb.

Feeder, poultry. J (i Whitten.

Feeding and inni-siiig device, stock, n W
Stapes.

Fence niachine, slat and wire. A J Haley.
Fence making machim-. .1 Coombs.

Fence itost, molding machine. W Bayley.
Fence wire tigliteiier. I 31 Fish.

Filter, oil can. I L Davenport.

Filter, water. T T Lnscombe.

Filter, water or lluid. S B Allison.
-Filtering up]iaratu.s. .1 Feiand
Fire alarm, telegraph system. 31 .1
O’Sullivan.

Firearm, hreach loading. W 31ason.

Fire escajie. A W Carlson.

Fire extinguishers, sprinkler head for auto-
matic. V Laiiham.

iFire extinguish* rs, valve for automatic.
F Gray,

■Fire-place heater. .1 C Treiber.

Kish trap or net. W K Cole,

Furnace, H \V Homiugway.

•Furnace. 1> Jones.

Furnace. A Klonne.

'<»arbage receidacle. B F \\i.se.

4»a.s as fuel f'*r calcining limestone, appar-
atus for utili/iug iiroducer. W A Korn-
man.

‘tJas burner. S 31 Kemp.

•4}as, charging and combining wort, liipiurs.
Ac., with carhoiiic aci<l. F Adam and
31 () Kehfuss.

•Oas engine. II '1' Dawson.

<ias holder. A Klonne.

■«Jas making apitaratus. J K Weaver.

"^xas pressure gage. C ^\‘ Hinman.

<iate. \\ F Gatewood.

<i!ass i>olishing machine. 31 A Opperman.
<Hass tube cutter, liaiid. K W Fenwick,
^trloves, shoes, Ac. fastener for. W D I’otts.
■^lolf stick, (i A Buemmler.

<Train bagger. G Anderson.

Grain binder. 1’ I* C-oler.

■Grain meter. G Anderson.

■'(iraiinlar material from rece])tacles, appar-
atus for removing measured (|nantitics of,
B .liK-kum.

Grate bar. C 11 Gad'-y.

<iriinling spherical or other curved surfa< e-^.

macliine for. U Courader.

<jlun, bolt. .1 1’ Le<‘

<iiui niounliiig. J B (J A Canuet.

'(inn or catupult. spring. W B Morris.
•tKiiis, automatic shell-ejector for breakdown.
M A Keller.

runs, €\jector mechanism for breakdown.
A 'J' Brown.

’3iair >'tructure. 11 Kinziy.

5Iammer, me« liaui' al. il l>emp, (.Ml Ander-
son. and G Laiidmaiiii.

Hammer, power. F J Fox
Handles, twister head for tool, N Chase.
Harness attachment. CIO. Barker.
Harvester, corn. J Dalde.

Hasp. -I L Buckingham.

Hasp sliding staple. .1 L Buckingham.

Hal cron ns and brims, ma< hiue for jiimnci ug.

G E Brush.

'Hay rack. 10 W hite.

Hay rake, d (j .Xrcln r.

Heat generating and flistrilmting apparatus.

J Ij Howell.

Heel. II KogiTs.

Hitching chimj>. L Dunii.

Hoof gage. Z li Haytlen.

Hoop skirt. J Laud D H Coles.

Hoop trier. JO ( ' Horst.

■Horse check, automatic. W (.1 II Amende.
Horse ice cre«*per. W .lones.

Hoi’seshoe. elastic tread. J H Bowerman.
Horseshoe, pneumatic tread. II .1 Widch.
Hose, manufacture of. N Lombard.

Hoisery fulling machine. F A 'I'aiizer.
Hydraulic lift. II Lub'>wski.

Ice cream freezer. 'J' .1 Hartun.

Inhaler. J d Hartnett.

Inhaling apparatus, vajior. E 3la(ldeii.
Injector, steam, d Desmond.

Insulated rail cliaii'. LMcC-tthx.
iron, manufacturing oxide of, H W H<•nl-
ingway.

Slnmiiig machine. A K Seldeii.

Jouriial bearing, d d AVood.

Knitting machine, circular. H E llarhaugh.
Labeling maeliiue. F Ilasbrouck.

Latider attacbmeut. 10 F Guste.

Ijadder, folding steji. H V Crozier.

Lamp, electric arc. F A Perret.

Lump, electric aic. W R Gutierreiiz and
31 T Thompson.

Lamp socket, iucHudescent. d 3lc Farlane
and W B Edgar.

Lamp wick raiser. H \V Hayden.

Lathe cutter head, twist. W Miller.

Lathe, turnd. F H Richards.

Liiths, machine for making metal. A <>
AVright.

Saiundry articles, receptacle fur holding.
.A llerdman.

Lawn sprinkler. W Rumhjuist.

Leather stretching machine. P King.
Lifting jack. S AV Fleming and J AV
Ressler.

Liquids, <tc.. apparatus for combining.

E Adams and 31 0 Rehfuss.

Locomotive exhaust nozzle. E AV Harris.
•Locomotive gearing, electric. G AA’ Swartz.
Locomotives, powder transmitting mechan-
ism for electric. 31 AV Dewey.

Loom let ofl mechaulsiu. .1 (' Bill.

Loom shuttles, ojierating electiic. L W
L‘ imba rd.

1-oom weft fork. W Hinchliffc.

Lubricator. T K Hill.

Marking 'levice. K AA' Do Ige.

Mat-cutting machine. F AA'heidrr.

Match holder and cigar cutter. \\' A
Alexa nder.

31cau,sui’er, automatic grain. G Anderson.
Metal Working macliine. T K Alorgan, dr.
3Ietal working tool. \A’ H Gwen.
3letallurgical furnace. C dames and— AV
Gritliths.

3Iilking macliines, vacuni controlling appar-
atus for, 2. A ShiehD.

31 illing machine. F Holz.

3Iine trap dooi-. G .1 Herth and G Boiicn-
I'crgei .

MiniKtw pail. G Tlioma and F Kies.
.Aloistciit-r, stamp or envelope. I) Diir.st.
3L>ld, self teed and skim gat'*. (’ A Hanson.
3Iotoj . .1 ( ’ Lueiieburg.

3I(itor. ( ' AA’ P(‘arcc.

Mower, lawn. W Bayley.

31owers, Xc.. knife or cutter for. D \'> Sniitli.
Musi<- leaf turner. S ('lishe.

Xecktic. J Lister.

Xight .soil, Ac., device for tin- disposal of.

L D Biisbee and •' 31 Kisser.

Nut lock. 11 t'ole.

Xut lock. 31 ('and A\' .1 Slns-cr.
tUlcan. i: i: Devorall.

Gil purifier, waste. 31 D Hogan.

Ore ctmeentrator. ( ' E .'Seymour.

Grc concentrator. G W 'AA'aitt.

Ore roasting fill naco. AA' P Blake.

Gres, treating black band. E .A Fehling.

< G’cn. A I> ( trdwuy .

Gzoue, princess of and apparatu.s for making.

< ' R Poulsen.

Backing machine. .1 S A’oitek.

Paddle wheel, steamlioat. P B Spoi-r.
I’antograph forengraving and ornamenting
w a to 1 1 ca ses . .A Z \va h 1 e n .

Paper bag making machine. R 3Iills.

Paper box. DG Clark.

Paper folding machine, packing box for.
T C Doxter.

Pea shelling machine. D .A (blither.

Peanut roaster. E Taunay.

I’eiicil holder. .V N I lamia.

Pendulum motor, compensated. .1 3J Cayce.
Permutation lock. L .1 Cooper.

Photographic printing fi-ame. ( ' I] Lewis.
Piano. L and d F Matt.

Piano forte sounding board. A Boden.

Piano frame, upriglu. .1 AA’ rtt‘ed.

Pipe or rod wr- nch. A S King ami R
Beardsley.

Planing machine, (d Bird.

Planter and fertilizer distributer, combined,
d J{ Kelley.

I’lantei , cjiiie. Etdiveray Aljtrtinez.
Planter ilrill attachment. A. L and 1» 1.
Baughman.

Plow feiidei'. d J-' (Lenier.

I’low.sharc '•harpening machine. .S S

3IorrilI.

Pneumatic toed. (' B King.

Potato cutting machine. ('A' dones.

Potato digger. G 1> N Edie.

Printing press. P Brady.

Printing press delivery a]>paratus. S (i

(doss.

Printing presses, devic*- foroperating reci-
procating beds. EA Blake.

Printing s"lid ground colons on wall paper
aii'i making same, roller foi. .) Paruvicini.
I’rotractor. 1 B Riddle.

Pulp fligesters, blow oft' j)!pe tor. (' (.'urtis
ami X 31 .lones.

Puuji'. II Field.

Pump, air. E Savill.

Pump. Rotaiy. S N Eisler.

Punching maciiin''. I* lidolmsou.

Puritier and dust collecteir. N AV Holt.

Push buttons lor ftoors. bell. X J Busby.
Pyroxylin labels, making. R R Lansing.
Rails to nudal sleepers, appliam e foi- secur-
ing flanged. E H Stone.

Railway brush, street. P A and .A R
( ’oonradt.

Railway rail chair ami cross tie combined
-A .1 M'lxham.

Railway rail joint. .A ,1 3loxlmm.

Railway rail joint. .1 N AVilsoii.

Railway rails, electric connection for.
A Green

Railway, sectional *^lectric. (^ \V hemmick.
Railway signal. .1 R dones.

Railway switch. .1 R .lones.

Railway .switch. A Kneip.

Railway switch, automatic. I> B Hart.
Railway switch, automatic. .1 11 3Icl>un-
ongh and R S AA’jlliams.

Railway sAvitches by screw action, a|tpar-
atnsfoi W'lrking. C Aloden^gger.

Railway tie. J < ’ Lee.

Raisin seeder S H Bli.ss.

Rec<*rding device, autographic. R .1 Cojie-
land and (' II Stoelting.

Refrigerator. T B Ashford.

Regist'Ting di'vice, idectrioal. E von Hef-
ner .A.lteneck.

Rheostat, auloiiiatic. ('d Sturgeon.

Rivet setting machine. H 11 ('ummings.
Roa<l cruets, nuu hine f'»r breaking up. .A d
Henderson.

Roof or floor, fireiiriKif. T .A Lee.

Rope coupling. .A AVenk AVolft ami g
Strohbaeh.

Sad iron. B Rein.

.■^ad iron. 31 Tverdal.

Safety fender or trap. (J Blackistom'.

Safety pin. 31 Prison.

Sanding and finishing machinery. 31 E
(’lark and Al ShelK.‘Sta.

Sash balance. .1 E Parrish.

Sash fastener. \A' E Cline.

Sash fastener. F AV 3Iann.

Saw clamp F AV Seaver.

Scraper employed on tubes of fuel econo-
mizers, tripie. K Green.

Screen, (i AV Cross.

Screw, temper. A T Horriek.

Seal, car. 31 D Flower and AA' (i Denney.
Seat. T 0 Colics.

Seat and back rest. C L Russell.

Semaphore oi>erating device 2. J 11 Frishen.
Sejiarating gmnular mixtures, method of

and mean?, for M 31cJ>onHkl.

Separating macliine. X AV Holt.

Sewing machine. H F Nason.

Sewing machine buttonhole attacliment.
F (' llall.

Sewing macliine, stiaw braid. I II Gonyoii.
Shade fi.xtnre, window. .A B Dnnkle.

Sliade roller. S Hartshorn.

Shaft coni'ling. S Crolley.

Shears. (^ H Stockman.

Shingle hunch and binder. AA' .1 3Iunro,
.1 Hart and I> Batey.

Shipping box. R Niven.

Shipjiiiig case 2 .1 31 lieaverand Ed A’aiice.

Sliip.s hatch . A AIcDongall.

Shot holding and measuring cabinet. II 'I
Luster.

Sifter, flour. ( ’ I’ Eirher.

Slieer. vegetable. E D Siblirel ami !•'
Longabach.

Smokeless I'owder. E A Starke.

Snaj.) hook. Rd Reed ami S g ( 'arutliers.
Soldi-rfoi^ use with aluminium and itsalloys.
R 1 Roman.

Soleering apparatus. EH LiiJpincott.

Sjiace bar for line casting machines.
( ’ Skatnlia.

Si>in(lle retaining device. A Draja r.

Spout e.xtractor, sa[». 31 R Moss.

Spring winding mechanism. I' A Richter.
Square for picture frame mats. Ij II
Barberie.

Stan)i)aflixing<levice, Postage. ( M'] ( 'oiii ad.
Stamjting [U’ess. 'I' .A I>icks.

Steam engine. S Evered.

Steam engine. E (J Hobart,

Steam engine. S Scognaniillu.

Steam engine, 3lnltiple c>limler. .A AV
Gfeklt.

Steam generator. D llaljiiii.

St^^am tra[). E .A Littlefield.

Sterili'ziiig or cooking apparatus. L Edel-
man.

Stone dressing tool. (( P Howard.

Stone working macliine. S Ilernon.

Storage battery. G B Eraley.

Stove and burner, oil. EG 3Iummery.
Stove attachment , (•oi>k. A CGoeddel.

Stove or fm naee jiipe. R H 3Iarti!i.

Stoves, vaporb.er for gasoline. ('II Childs.
Straw stacker. V V Richards.

Surgical chair. H G Leisejuing.

Snsiiender.s. .1 .A Miller.

Swing support. E D Shave).

Swinging gate. B G 31cCoy,

Switch and .-signal operating ileviee. .1 II
Erischen.

Switch hai-. F A AVeller.

Switch op''i*ating device. II P Cogswell.
Switch setting and locking device. AA’
AA'endelin .

Tack centering guide for tack ilriving
machines. I > !► Nye.

'I'argets, mold for making composition.

H F Paik.-r.

Telephone. H S Page.

Telephone circuits, signaling system for.

.1 I Sabin and AA' Hampton.

Teleplntne .switch, automatic. AO AVlieat.
Telejdioiiic transmitter. F II Rii bards.
'releplioiie transmitter. F II THchards.
Telej*hone trunk lines, signaling system for.

( ' Vj Scribrn-r.

Tmision rod. 'I' A Lee.

Tent. G Tolmie.

Theatrical appliance, electrical. H EAVaite.
Thra.shiug machine. D B Taiiger.

'I'icket and timetable holder. F D Atheitoii.
Ticket, railway. F 31 Shattne.

Tire, clastic, d A’ Kemendy.

Tire, pneumatic. AA’ R Ihirrett.

Tiro, pneumatic. L Holt.

Tile, pneumatic. .! (J 3Ioom.\

Tires, jmneture i>root liand lor pneumatic.
S Lee

Tobacco booking table. II Zwicker.

Tobacco, manufacture of plug. A\' \A’AA'»tod-
'I’uboggan, roller. C N Grant.

Toggle arm joint. AV AA' Wallace.

'longs ami shovel combined. .1 X (’naieh.
Tiuigne support, wagon. S G Eelhs.

Tool box. W i* Potts.

Tool combination. CC Trout.

Tooth, artifleia!. E 11 Neiiiiaii and S E
Beecher.

Toy microscaipe. F AV (iardam.

Toy or*loll house E 31 Smith.

Toy velocipede. J McFarlaiie.

Train brake, automatic. F 1> Brock.

Train operated devici*. .1 11 Fris< hen and
R Pfeil.

Transom litter. (J M (oirltiid.

Trap. II S Gotl and A B dndkins.

Treadle. I> Peghiw.

Trolley iiole stands ‘J, (J A'alley.

Trolley wire finder. E Gale.

Truck, (t F Armstrong.

Truck, ear. d AV Cooper.

Truck, car. d B Smitlnnan.

Truss. A liessels.

'Iriifts. D AA’ (a'wis.

Tug, hame. L G (instavel.

Turret niachine for boring cyliiid<‘rs. E H
Ricliarils. ;

Twister roll. A E Itlioades and (t A Jirapi-r.
Type w riting niachine. L B Borrii’ii,

Tvpe writing macliines. Impression liamnier
for. AV H Tiavi.s.

I'mlei waist. S 1' ('onverse.

Fpjier folding machine. C E AV'illiams.
Abicnm breaker T 31 Enyon.

A'alve. balanced slide. A F Kelley.

A'alves for flnitl pressure brakes, device for
oi*erHting. •! II Fox.

A'apor burner. S E Folk.

A'ai»oriy.er, II AA'ilkiiison .

A'eiiicle oscillating device, E 31 ('rane,
Akdiicle, power driven. AV P Farndl.
A’eiiicle seat. C 31 Kellogg.

A’ehicle top. E D Stevenson.

A’ehicle toji, fohling. S E Kiendf.
Velocijiede. AV T. i>ecker.

A’elocipede gear case or cover. H Bate.
Vending macliine. E D A'alentine.

Vessel. .A McDongall.

A’essell. B Zertuche.

A'otiiig booth. C Band 11 JI (dralil.

AA'agon, dumping. P* AA’ Clarke.

AA'atclica.se pendant. E C Fitch.

AA'ater gage. T Elcoate.

AA'ater gage, safety, (i 1^> Essex .

AA'atering trough. .1 E Kordick.

AA’ater purifying apparatu.s. P Ball.

AVater purifying apparatus 2. R ’I Scowdeii.
AA’ater and current power. S Ilnsted and
I P Doolittle.

AVeigher, grain. H A Stock.

AVheel. T Hartley.

AV’heel. .A Xelson.

AVheel, spring spoke, (t A’alley.

AA'liip socket. H .V Smith.

AVick fastener. B F Goodrich and J 31
3lerritt.

AA’ire gage. .1 Poole.

AVire stretcher. J II (Regory.

AA’iie strctchoi. AA' P Xegus.

\A ire tightens'. AA’ B Fielding.
AVoodworkiiiL^ machine. 31 AVaiid CCCury.
AVrencli. E H Goslin.

AAT’cncli. AA’ A Pa[)oiin.

AA rencli. d T iVderseii.

Zinc leail snltid ores, treating. S II J^hiimens

PATENTS GRANTED FEB. 6, 14.

Acid and caustic alkali, nmking nitric. (J
Lunge and F 31 Lyte
Addressing macliine. E E Hanna.
Advertising, apparatus for smcessivcly <lis-
playiug tablets for. F .1 Beaumont.
Advertising cards, nn ans for displaying. Jl
Hay.

Aei ial vessel, d B Blam lnird.

Aerial vessel. l^Sspai*tli.

-Alkali and lea'l clilorid, making cuu>tic. F
31 Lyte and (j Liinge.

Aliiniinons minerals, ]tnrfying. II E D
Sehwahn.

Aliiininnm flnorid, making. AV Ackennann.
.Animals shears, d Iv Priest.

-Animal trap. C Fraiike.

.Arch sniipurt. water purifier ami lieatcr. (.-I
AV Oollin.

A>jilialtic coiniio^it i(.)n powdei for loadways,
producing. C A ^ liia-r.

Atomizer. W Hugersliotl.

Automatic sjirinkler :•>. R AA’ Newluii.

.Axle I'OX lulu icator. .1 IS Patten.

Ballot folder. I W Litchfield.

Banjo. Dobson.

Barium, pnrfyiiig native snlfiite of. 11 F H
tScli waliii.

Bat, ba.se ball. 0 dacobns.

Batliing apiiaratns coupling. J d Jleiitze.
Beam anchor jdate. A E Krause.

Bed bottom, spring. 31 0 Silver.

Bed , folding. <' B Adrianci-.

Bedstead, folding. P (t LeDan.

Bicvele. d X 3Ioehn ami .1 Grave>.

Bii'ycb-. 11 31 Poj.e.

Bicycle snpjioiting attaeliimuit. A K Sher-
wood.

Bimlers for )>apers, Ac., temiiorary. E Tj
Bmndage.

Bit. A A Bourgeons.

Blower, <-eiitrifugal. (i AV Poole.

Boiler tine scraiter, automatic. 1* S Kings-
laiid ami C C Hill.

B"iler tubes, rake or scraper fur cleaning. S
and L C Abraham.

Bookcase ami <lisplav cabinet, revolving. R
JI Gl.er.

Bottle opener, capped. AA' Painter.

Bottle washer. Jl Porteviii.

Bowl or wash basin, set. S P Croswadl.
Bowling alh-y. A B (honnse.

Box C‘iver, removable. D Cree.

Bo.\ fastener. .1 Davy.

Boxes, opener and liamlle fi>r shoe |)oli,<|i or
other, d F Smith.

Brick drier. A F Barron.

Brick kiln, continuous, 'I’ (ireen.

Bricks, method of and a|)[*aratns tbr fann-
ing. II H Keller.

Bridge gate. F (‘arlson.

P>room ami lantern lioMer. cimibinatiuii. d
(J Iluxiiold.

Bnttnidiole .^trip and making .<anie. F A
Cook

Cabinet. P 3lar\ el.

(.’able gri)'. d A 'raubej-schmidt.

( 'an opener. I AA' Low .

( 'anoiiy . AA' ( !ule, dr.

Oajio Ucsto. L L Filstiuic

Car and air brake coupling. S .1 Galleway.

Car bi'ak<‘. -I Mnith.

(’ar coupling. P C Brown. (Reissue).

(.’ar coupling. JI C Trask.

Car fender, safety. Latz.

(jar colliding. AV E AVliite.

Car, railway. 31 Le(*rand.

Car, railway. C H Xewlmry.

( ar safety gnanl, stn-'-t. (.i T Foster.

('ar, siitety mni-tcleseoiijiig railway. 31
AS Ordeii.

('al' ventilator, filtering. (.' E Robbins.

Can iage curtain fastener, (j A Beliien.
Carriage toji, (' (i, I-] 31 ami M T Ridont.
('aifiidge. R .1 Gatling.

(jasli regist*'!' and imli<“ator2, G Tverdal,
Cash iegister>. cuinbineil ilraw ejector ami
lock for. C F Brown and P G AA'elty.

Cash register ami indicating machine. .1 d
A\ ebst* r.

‘ ash registering macnim-. A Webster.

(Jash registering Jiuwhine. .1 .1 AARdtster.
Cash registering machine. .1 d and A A\ el<-
sler.

Caster, d It Sutlifl.

Chain, «lrive. R .1 llaniill.

Chei.k carriiT, sal<*s, AA' 31 JNiunaiii.

Chech, identifying. X H Bledsoe.

Chemical flask. E Gnterbridge, dr.
Chiinney attacliment or cowl. G Blaiikley.
(.'iinck. D P .lohnston.

Chuck, drill, g K Sehiiiidt.

('hum. .1 A Grant.

Churn. A Schuyler.

Ciiuvn dasher. J AV Ricker.

Cigar box lifter, d Deiitseli.

(!igar holder. P Sattelkaii.

Cigarette niachine 2. A Alooiielis.

Cigaiette wrajiper cutting machine '■>. A
3Ioonelis

Circuit eoiitroller. E d MeEvoy.

Clover linller feeder, d N Kailor and 31 'I
Reeves.

Coal, duplex revolving screen fur cleaning
ami grading. L Aulniaiin.

Com)' ami comb cleaner. A Brunner.
Commutator brush. J F Kester.

Condenser, surface. G 31 Row .

Cooking, b<dling, baking, Ac. Aiquiiatus
for. 31 E .lehn.

Copper, See., method of and a]ipaiatus fortlio
elect rodepositiori ami refining ot. L S
Jhimloliili.

Copy hokb-r. E Kels<*y.

Copying press, letter, 'd H 'laylor.

Core making machine, E Grant.

Corset stays, machine for inaking. H C
Cook.

Corset .steel, (j Sclmli.

Cradle or crib, extensible. 0 B Adi iaiiee.
(jraiie. hydraulic, (t AV Zastiow.

Creamery apparatus. G T McLanthlin.
Clirusher. W A\’ 8iy.

( 'ultivator. G 31 Clark.

Cultivator, straildle. row . G 31 Clark.

( 'nrling iron. D Barrett.

Cnirycomb, AA’ Raiisw eller.

( nrtai u or sha<h‘ rol ler, ad j ustabh’ haiigtu' t or
tS R Smith.

(.'lit out block. E .1 3IcEvoy.

Cutting- hoard, d T ShelfieM.

Dental clamii. J 31 StroiiT.

I'eiital liaiiUpi<*ces, angle attachment for 2.
I' Iv Hesse.

D<uUistry, mechanical. L Robertson.
Derrick. S 11 French.

J>esk, cm tain. .1 F AVihnot.

Desk or table article. AA' ami L Dorsan.
Digester 2. E 31our* r.

Dil)per socket, G VA' Knapp
Disli, snppoi teil. d B Tiinberlake.
Disinfectant and jireparing same. 1* Moly-
iieux.

Door guido and stop. G A ( 'uUuii.

Ikfor or window clamp. G AA Lakr.

Draft equalizer. AA AVigham.

Grill bit ami roaiiim- fiir earth Inji'ing. A G
I* (h*ee<i.

Dynamo, alternating, d d AVood.

Dynamo and motor. M AA’addell.

Earthenware articles, apiiaratns tor moMin^
d Mier.

Egg crate, d \Ve.s(.

Elastic materials, device for closing breaks
in. 0 L Dridier.

Kiel trie alarm F i^aner ami C Hentzsehel.
Electric aic light fixtures. S Beigmanii.
Electric batteiy. F Bayer.

Electric comlm tor. H F (jliick.

Electric <-on'im tor, nndergnmml. H A Sev-
monr.

Electric currents, load governor iRr. F E
Pritchard.

Electiic currents, means for gciieiatirm. N
Tesla.

Electric light, incandescent. X Tesla.
Electiic machine, magneto. A d Potter.
Electric meter. ( ' Raab.

Electric motor, d D Ihlder.

Kleclric motor regulator, s H Short.
Electrical comincior. N Tesla.

Electrical resistance. Iiistruineiit for im^as-
nriiigaml regulating. G B Lawrason
Electroile for use in the manufacture of
chlonnc ami caustic soila. J GreeiiwiKiU.
Electrode, secondary battery, d and L Be-
gay, Fils.

Electrolier. E E (.dift.

Electrostatic instruments, imlm tion niechan-
ism for. AV E Ayrton ami T 3Iathcr.
Elevator, d Naylor Jr.

I'dcvator niotiir, electric. .1 D Ihlder.
Elevator safety device. AV P Kidiler.
Elevatois, means for comit'Tbalancing. B C
Keeler,

I'Jiibroidering machine. R Spengler.

Eiiiei y wheels, manufacture of. (i 'J'erp.

End gate, wagon. C Hotz.

Engine. L C Atwood and N AA’ Perkins, Jr.
Engine attachment, steam. A Normand.
Engraving plates, comi»osition of matter for
making- chalk, d L 3]iller ami AV’ T Cro.sse.
Enveloiie machine. J R 3IcDonaUl.

Farm gat*'. AV II 11 West.

Feathers, machine for .separating or sm ting.
L H Lorch.

l-'ee<l bo,\. folding- R I! Schmidt.

Fence. D P IlHiininger.

Fence. AA’ AA'indns.

Fence gate, wire AV AV Halladay.

Fence tension device, wire. 11 G Pratt.
Fence w ir<‘ ratchet. G AV Williams.

Fence wire sfnd* her. 31 Dixon.

Fence wire stretching device. J Stevens
and .A ('ase

lermenting mixtures, apparatus for prepar-
ing and manipulating. BSclinmni.
Fertilizers, converting hair into, d J Seldner.
Fertilizers, making. d.TSelden.

Fibers of reed cane, separating 2. T E
Phillips.

File for m-wspaper clippings. (4 AV Sher-
man.

Fire alarm and spr inkler. AA A Guthrie.
Fire alarm, automatic (dectric. AV A Guthrie.
Fire ylanii telegraph, anxilliarv. J Sachs,
Fire ecsaiie. (' .\Iler.

Fire escajie. S I! Rop< r.

Fire extingnishor. K AV Newton.

Fire extinguishing apparatus, automatic 2.
N Ijombard.

Fire extingnisliiiigaitparatns, sjirinkler head
for automatic. A\’ S Gray.

Fire trap for elevator shafts, automatic. T
(‘j Lamb.

Float and sinker Jitlachment. P S Rodfield.
Fk>or cl' th. method of and apparatus for
manufacturing. I( W (kxlfrey, (j F Leake
and (' E Lucas.

Flour bolt. AV |) (iray.

Fly ext(*rrninator. H nnngeiford.

Fly screen. 31 d 'reiiney.

Fortune telling machine, coin operated. F
F Dennis.

Fotimlry use, raj) and draw pin for. E T
AA’in^s.

(jas burner, oil, .1 31 Ferguson.

(ias burner, regulator. F 31 Brooks and G
d AA'oIfn-y.s,

(ias engine. B 11 Geftev.

Gas engine. H Pokony

Gas engine, vapor. AA' AA’ (iraiit.

Gas furnace, natural. F Denz.

Gas making apimratus. C G Gilmore.

(irts regulators for wat<*r heaters. A H
Schlueter.

Gate. O C 31iller.

(fate controlling apparatus, head. 31 D
Winder and I> A Carpenter.

^oi:.

"I'liK rxx'KX'ri \'i-:

Governor. \V H Witt.-^on.

Governor for r< \ i rsinj;’ '‘UKiiies. lliunnien.
Gniin I'iiiiliii.u nijuliiin*. <’A l*">Tli‘y.

Grate )'}tr. •) M ^ini htir.

Grip tesliie- niu' liim-*. T 1) .) oinl W ScIiaiMy.
Gun, loniinessisi iMilp. W It Heii.MUi.

Gun, iii'uliiiH'. F y\ rjarlaiid.

Guns, lever a' lioii.< lor lueakdow ii-. G
Cilley.

Ilauie. .1 Ifuijtcr and .) Blankl' v.

}I anie eouj'liiiL:. A K I'iue,

Hanimer. spring. K !* Shepard.

Hand I’ake, winaded. .1 F Myers,

Handle for pans, tiihs, iVc. .1 S Hiown.
iiarness. Ij Middleton.

Harrow. di>k. >1 Clark.

Haro\\’ spa<le. .1 Diader.

Hasp l<»ck. 0 T Spencer.

Hat liodies, method of and inean.s for devel-
Opin.g dveil stiff. li K, jrkemoyei .

Hay londei'. <' Gale»

Heater. .1 Hauser.

Hoe, weeding. .\ Kvan-.

Hoist dmm for discliarge apparatus t)f l oal
or ore docks. D T honlon.

Holdliack, voliido, W' Finlay.

Hop torref\ in.g aiiparatus, i) 1. .lai'gor.

Horse stoppiiiiT 'leviic. 11 .1 11 I'olt.
Horseshoe. W It Kinnear.

Htff water heater or >teajii gaoKTator. C
Phelps.

Hulj deta' liing d<^viee, wlieel. G H Huth-i'.
Incubator. L Kulim-r.

Inhaler. A M .\dsit.

Inhahu’s, ap[)aiaTus for In-aling aii for. W
S MeLoaii.

Injector. .1 ^loriison.

Insect trap. V Sniitli.

Insecticides or similar .■'iihstances, api'ar-
atus for applying. G Boas.

Insulated ]>i5)e coupling. K F Clift.
Insulator. L B Gray.

Ironing inaoliiiie. H K 8niitli.

Ii'onin.g nia< hinr. M K Weiiihd.

Jack M-rew. .1 I> Lyncli.

Journal b*'arjng, adjusiahh-. W Mctiuire.
Knockdown l»ox or crate. J J llerh'-rt.
Lacing h->ok, shoe. C V. Van Norman.
La<ldej . Pxti‘n>ioii. .1 It Mcl.aieti, .Ir.
Ladder, oxtension step 10 W Haniinon.
Lamp. NV B Itohins.

Ijiimji, arg^iid. F Miller, .Ir.

Lamp, olerti ii' arc. It M Hunter.

Lamp, electric are. W B Luce.

Lami*, eh'ctiic arc. G C Wagnei’.

Lamp globe holder, aic. .1 T C>eini>sliT.

Lamp hood, ele< tric are. S Borgmann.

Lath holtei’. H Joncas.

Lathing, niotallie. W F« kstein.

Leg, artificial. !» Horsld>erger.

Life preserver. M’ .S B«-ale.

Licjuid s'‘parati*r, ( (■ntrifngal. C .1 Lnnd-
strom.

Locks, tool for forming key slots in. W H
Taylor.

Locomotive diaphragm. F M ItolKUts, J F
Blaekwood and .1 P Cahill.

Locomotive running gear. It Helmholtz.
Locomotives, motor controlling devieo for
electric, t? H Short.

Loom shuttle. 1’ L Kobertz.

Looms, elecTrio shuttle motion for L \V
Loin bald.

Lumlier, metal plate<l. C I> Kubacli.

Mail bag fastener. L Arnold.

Mail bag fastener. S M Ferguson.

Measure fin laving ofi' dress charts. L A
Call.

Measuring or indi<ating instrument, eloe-
trical. S F Hitt.

Me^isuring vessel. G \V McKim.

Meat mixer. L Wagner.

Mechanical mopir. P Frichette.

Merry go- round. .1 Thompson.

Metal goods for artistic purposes, manufac-
ture of. L llausmann.

Mirror. J Jacol'Son.

ilokler’s flask. H R Travers and C Petersen.
Molding making machine. .1 E .\hlvin and
C G Tengdin.

Mucilage, collapsible tube or package fin-,
J A Symonds.

Music rack for musical instrument cases. J
A Weser.

Musical iustniment attachment, (i Brown.
Nickle from copper, electrolytic .separation
of. P r> Ricketts.

Nut lock. W J Devers.

Nut lock. L H Frenot.

Nut lock. J W Sclioat.

Kut locking device. J Walsh. Jr.

Ores, eartlis, clays, A’c., separating ami I '-cov-
iug the constituents of. H F P Seliwahn.
Ores, smelting. M’ L Austin.

Organ. R Hop<‘ Julies.

Overflow alarm for receptaele>. R Byrne.
Package. Nelson.

Packing box. H 1) Everest.

Packing for journals, manufacturing. H B
Pcvlan.

Padlock, ]K*rmutation. F N Silvey.

Paper box 2. J G Reber and J I, vSeftou,
Paper boxes, nnu'hine for making. E A
Johnston.

Pa];>er sheets, inetliod of and a}>paratus for
making separable. ( ‘ S Bird.

Pastry tin. A Eiche.

Phosphate rock, apparatus for treatment. S
Hughes.

Picurehook. J B Hall.

Pill machine. .\ Colton.

Pin. C D Rutherford.

Pijie wrench and cutter, combined. J (Ireeii.
Pipe wrench an<l cutter, combined. NE
Smith.

Piiclifork. H Torchiani.

Plane, carpenter's. F S Hinnershotz.
Planter and fertilizer distribute!, combined,
A J and B Harrington.

Planter .'CimI dropping mechanism. N S
Burcli.

Plaster Composition. .1 H tllenn.

Potato digger. .\ II hndd.

Power, electrical transmission of. R M
Hunter,

Precious metals, rocovi. ring. W 1* Miller.
Pressure gage. W H Bristol.

Prcjssure gage, bourdon. W H and E H
Bristol.

Pressure gage, recording '•team. W H Brl-:-
bd.

Printing car[ict yarn, apiinrutus for. M
Shaw.

l’um[). J Riep|ie!.

Ihimp. rotary. \ Bii's.

Kail eliair. G 1 i Seller.'.

Kail Joint. K Merman .

Railway cattle guard. .1 iM Lee.

Kailway, closed c mdnit eli-ctric. F .M .\sh-
ley.

Kail way et.lli-^inii'. devi<'e lui- pn-\ ciiti na.

G !' i\laflkyand F Faltinowsky.

K’ailway conduit elcetrie. I'M .\sliley.
Kailway, e;iiidnit eha tric. h* t Ih'ard^ley,

Kailway crossing. <' H AN'hite.

Railway, el'-'Ctric. F M .\shley.

Railway, electrie, o A Fiiliolin.

Raihvav electric signaling ajiparatus. Ft'
AN'iley.

Kailw ay I all '^uppoi t, G ^\’ i ady.

Rai I wa_\ . series electric. .'I .V Gattori.

Rai Iw ay .signal. F L Hodgson.

Railway signal. .V II .loluison
Railw ay sw itch. A F Seliinner.

Railways, do.sed eendnit fi>r eleetri*'. 11 .\
Se^ iiioiir.

Ratehet drill, doul<le acting. J Mealil.
Reciprocating (‘iigi.ic. N I'esla.

Kecliiiing chair. J t ' Allen.

Jfi'Clining chaiiv S A tflia^e.

Rlieostat. .1 '1' Bii eli .

Sash halaiice. .\ ]M Howard.

Sash fastener. II ^\ Rhoads.

Sash Imhler. <1 Leverett ami •) Ramsey.
Saw, circular. .1 F Botr.

Saw, coinhination hand. J '• Johnson.
Sawmills, vaiiahh- friction feetl meclianism
for. W Fh niiiig.

Scissors and slii'ars P Kampliaiis.

Scoop. M L Schoch.

Screw elevator, portahle. .1 'I' Ayers.

Serr-w making luacliim'. 1* I’ Johnston.
Seaming niachine fi-rsln-et metal ware. R
Flanigan.

Seamles> sc-lf opening can. E Norton.
Secondary hatler\, H H Carpenter.
Separating macldne. «.) M Moism
Separating solids tnnii .'ludge. Apparatus
for. W Biiili.

Siiatt, adjustalile. A iM Howard.

Sliaft coupling, safety. <' A Si-llou.

Sliip|iing can. (t Wright.

Sln.'e string fast<-nei‘. SJ Simmons.
Sliouhler and hack liraci iig chair. L Harvey
and J .Kmos

Show (a>e. J Lochner.

Sifter, inei'hanical ash. ^\ I'liristie.
Signaling aiiparatus 1C R M ilder.

Signaling device, electric. J N Connolly.
Signaling sy&tein. J <1 Noyes and L M’iii-
tei lialder.

Slate attachim nf. J .M Davis.

Sod cutter and ernsher. 1> E Reardon.
Soldering composition. H M'illougliby.

Side .slitting niaehine. L P Hawkins.
Spinning mule, .-elf acting. J ^Mooihou.se.
Sijuare, carpenti'r's fohliug. F 0 Perry,
Steam and hot water boiler. R Mctriegor,
G W and M' M addington.

Steam engine, ti Vyne.

Steam or other lluiil pressure engine. <’ F
Weiinherg.

Step or stair c<»v.t. P* B Wliuley.

Stool attachment T S ('rapp.

Stove, hayoi'i^traw. J H Linton
Stove liuoii. i' M ami (' A Hoi nor and T \j
Fgaii.

straw elevator, pneumatic. F F Landi".
Sugar, centrifugal niacliiiu- for steaming.
S S Hepwortli.

Sugar from cane, i‘Xtracting. F DeCoiiinck
and F C Burr.

Sunshade for hats, Ac. J Roeilel, Jr.
Suspender plate and cast off'. A 0 Ivuothe.
Swaging maehine. .\ 1 Jacobs.

Switch operating device, pneumatic. F I-
Dodgsou.

Syringe. C A Neal.

'I’alih' .service, article fui’. A and A Tske.

Tea balls, strauieis, Ac., htdder lov. ,F S
Peahi.Kly.

TemperatUK' compensating <h‘vice. W II
Bii.'tol

Tenpin. W Ki umbeck.

'I’liree position signal. H Jolinsou.

Tire, pneiimatie. W S Callaglian.

Tobaeeo drying apparatus. W W and C 31
Knott.

Toe tip applying machine. W H Leighton.
ToiliU articles, calendai-s. Ac., liohler for.

W 31 English and F E Gladwin.

Tool, coinhination. U L Davis.

Torpedoes, im-aus for conducting, po.sitiouing
and exploding. J Clark.

Traction wheel. H Broom, A Whitely and
J G Hinckley.

Traveling case. F I Leonanl.

Treadle attachment. A Pradi'r.

Tree protector. P t'liues.

Tricycle. 31 Bernier.

Trolley wire sliield. L Esehu'-r.

Trolley wlieel shield, electric II S Pruyn,
Truck, elecTiic car, C F Winkler,

Trunk. H D Tiiacker.

Tuhular coupling. (J L Barnard.

Turning macliine 2. (' 31 Davis.

Tyiie w riting machine. T F Woodward.
Type writing macliine attaeliment. Ic S
Barnett.

Upimlstery siaiug support. J T Ilannahun.
Valve, antoinatie air brake. H M Lofton,
Valve, check. .1 F Tinley.

3’alve for regulating the outflow of liipiids.
P Erichseu.

Valve gear, steam engine. A Nicholson.
Valve, steam engine distrilmtion. J Thom.
A'alve, straightway. J 31 Coale.
valves in air brake couplings, device for au-
tomatically opening. C F Bane.
Vaporizer. W 31 Kellogg.

Vehii le toj*. F Boiih.

Ventilating and heating apparatus. G U
31ay nard.

\ eiitilation of hnihlings. W M Decker.
Vise, heiicli. 31 (f Lewis.

Vise, par.'tllel. W Whiteliead.

M'agi.ui b<.tily. C A Erickson.

Wagons, device for attaching hay loaders to.

T and J Husinann.

Wat- h hohler. V Wesely.

Water closet apparatus. P Wliite.

Water clo-er h«.\vl.*^. flushing ilevice for E C
Sfuver.

Water el(i>e| tlll^hin.:: tank. I’ ILimcn.

\\'ater el-iset llusldug \alve leuulat-u. R
NVriclit

W ater meter, rli>k. J Th--iii'ou.

Watei' pi[)*-~, de\i-e f-r re;;iilatin;: and i e-
lieviiig presume in. M G \’an E\ < i eij a iid
J Henderson.

W ater >upl-ly >y>tem. S D l>"Ve.

W'>‘utli'-r strip- N N lla/eltou.

Wr.-d ciitt-T. R N D

Wheel. W' S P.. I Isfoard.

W heel W Giay-m and L .1 Gt ee, ) in-.

Whist, apparatus fi)i' placing duplieatf. J
G Butler.

Wire (•iitt< r. J Bra'lv.

W ile holding reel .\ Wirkey.

^\’il'e loop,-, attaeliilig. !l .1 \Veh li.

Wire stretcliiU'. F A IGlstiee.

W’ire wchs. nieehaiii-m for weaving. I.
Lake and G P Risliel

W ire \M>rl\ing, liand tool for. f 1) Lock-
w ()( id.

Woo], apparatus forwa-hing \--gi-tald<' mat-
ter fi < -m. J < 'base.

PATENTS GRANTED FEB. 13, 94.

.V'liling maehine. G D Strayer

.\ii' compl'es^or regulator. 11 GSergeant.

Air moistening a]'paratu<. F Kleiner
Bokmayer, and n Hullman.

,\niHial siieai's. T (> Bennett.

Annnneiator, electiie. I F Riekey.
Anniineiator. electrieal < F Seattergood.
.Xiniatiire <unne'Ti'in fin dynamo-. (> Dn-
fault.

.\ ntoinatii' brake. S II Gi iti ndl.

.Vxle. G B Hobbs.

.\xle, l>all hearing J Bell.

Axle making maehine. W Fieteher. Jr.

I>ag closure. J W’liittemoi c.

Ba.u holder, fiddiiig. R Matier.

Bandolier. .1 Bertrand.

Barrel trussing maehine. ,) B Stanhope.
Barrel wa.'-lier. 31 Dielil.

Itattery eel], electric. P (’ Burns.

Bearing, vertical shaft. C I’es-saiio.

B.d. folding. 31 J Hafgar.

Bed spring and slat holder. K G 31elsoii.
Beei on tap, ajiparatiis fur storing ami [ire-
serving. C Shahley.

Bicycle. H LSlieiwood.

Bicycle. R T Starr.

Bicycle chang<,- gear mechani.^m. L

Ea^ingwt)od.

Bicycle support. B B Davis and J V
3Ic< lowau.

Bicycle tool box. A S I'ailer.

Blind, window. T Ra.-miissoii and R .hJni-
son.

Blower, ceiilrifngal. J G Boole.

Boat. .\ D < lomez.

Boiler furnace, steam. B Koher.

Boilers. ap[iaiatas for .-n['plying feed water
to G 1-1 Hudson and » Seadersoii.

Bolster sj'i ing. G W Phell-s.

Book, business instructiem ainl piu'-tice.
G L Fllis.

Book, mileage. W’ IhdI.

Boring frames to l>e caned, niachine for
K F <1 Maier.

If'iing maehine, B D Whitney.

Boring niili. ( ' L Lihliy.

Bottle, nursing. F H Turner.

Brace for hot ing holes, Ac. S 3lcClelIaij.
Brake for cycles or oflmi' whcele<l veliich-s.

K S Fi'skine.

Brick kiln. T Green.

Brick i>r<\ssiiig macliine. JSPHllan, WH
3Iann, and J Gill.

Bridge, draw. N <' JesMip.

Bridle bit. R Sears.

Broiler or toaster. WT Riissell.

Brirsti for doors, flv. A .1 and A J Park, Jr.
Buckle, D F Dalton.

Buckle. < ' W Stimsoii.

Burglar alarm, J .\ Simrlock.

Burial casket pcMlestal. S N Hiser.

Buttons, holding device for cleaning nni-
form. ]) A .1 Mere<lith.

Gabinet. work. J Priest.

(.'aisson air luck. W G Bari'.

Gulculating ajiiiaratns. 3V T Odlinev:

( 'alipers or gage, sliding. P Reber.

Gan foiTiiing and soldering machine, fruit
F Eiseiil trail 11.

<, ’an topping machine. G A Burt.

Gant liuok, W' L (ditewood.

Gapsiile closer. K 3Iorsta<lt.

Gar and air brake coupling, coniliined.

G R J Newman.

Gar bolster. GT Westlake.

Gar brake. J Kerwin.

(.'ar b*uke handle, J 3Iarrissett.

Car conjiling. T S Brooks and T 31 3lc
Donough.

Gar conj)]ing. S Hnisli.

Gar coupling, 31 H 31errill.

Gar dump. H P Williams.

Gar dumping device, hydraulic. N H Pine.
Gar gate attaeliment, railway. H TVs^ey-
niaii.

( 'ar, hand. ( ’ Benesh.

( 'ar. hand. ( ' Roberts.

Gar life guard, street. T Fuplirat.

Gar, railway. J Timms.

« 'ar reitlacer. A S Debose.

< 'ars, electrically o[ierated street indicafin- for.
H 0 Barker.

Gars, temp<'ratare regulator for fruit. J F
3IcElroy.

Carpet stretcher and tacker. G W K< lley,
Carriage body, (t J Saurbrey.

Carriage foot rai). F Van Patten.

Carriage w heel. 0 Finnigaii.

Cartridge implement. N G Hanson,
Cartridge ndoading iniiilemeiit. W Mason.
Cartridge reloading tool. WG Smitli.
Cartridge stop for rimless cartridges 2.
31 11 Durst.

Gash register. G W Grove.

Gasli register. G Smytli.

Gasli register an-l indicator. J P ('leal.
Gasket lid. A B Sjtringstead and .1 .1
Law ler.

Caster. FJ Washbrood,

Caster, furniture, GJ l$4»wley.

Catamenial sack. E Kirwiii.

Chain, drive. A Ritscher.

Chair and stej) ladder, combine<l. NV H
White.

Gheckrein attaeliment. T (!' 3Iagg.'«.
(')ieiiille fabrii', woven. L Binns.

( '111! rii. G l.aid (•

( hill n in--t--r. I> J < 'aiii|-li>-ll.

Gliin n ■ '[I'l ai iuL' iii-a liaiii-m. Gi W.i'"..

« i»l« r pi- ), -M 1, tilt/.

Gi;;ar liulil- r. < ti ti'. J Gi ; i u.

< igai lip cut I'M- all' I li^liter. W I, luiilii--.
(.‘igar'-tt<'-, mat hill'- f"i tie- iiiaimt.i-;ttii - -u
noli pavirff tul (--r \ i. D'- 'Ulfi-.

Clay mi\('r and t- ' -l' c. .M K William-
Gl.ick, fh'i ti i. pfiiduliim. I! Gujjjpieh--.
Cock l)o.\, -top. N ( SuLid.

(aa’k "1- fain-cr. -flf rl-iiiir. T I'l-ni-.--,

( \ mak ing afiparatii-. B F Ga-^c,

Coflcf r-'a^ler. I! K Joii' - and » l.illh'.

('oil! - tit.indled aJl)lal•a1n.^, <■ F W <. iiiili/.

( okiiig fiii uaic. N K II Kio-liind.

<'o|lai> on -hills. ih-N ii'e toi- li-.ldinu.

.\ F'-im-r and T 1 ( i Sax t-m.

Ci-mpai linenr \ fssel or holder. L .V M'">i'e.
('oi'dacc machine.-, a-l.jii'lal'h- lak'- up for.
G \ Brown

Corn shelliiiir and grinding inaehine. -uii-
bined. L Knilleii.

Cotton gin. roller. J Stajdeinti .md K J
Bay.

Curtain fixture. M D .>fil]ei and BH'di!-
fl'dd

Curtain poll' ring- < Laui--ne'-.

( 'ut out . I i lA'inp.

* 'utter guard, 1 1 1 Warren.

Damper regulator. .V (,’atc!iin'le.

Itampei- regulator, an 'oinari-'. S 31 Ga-loii.

I kiN it. In.at’s -\ li Paul.

De--oilicatirig raitiie. niacbim- Ibr. G I’bil-
bert, K 1‘errean. and Lab ude.

Dehorning sljeai> I II .V'Dif,

Dental mandrel. W > Flliojr.

I liim-lliy lpi|!ero/in, ( ’ Stoelir.

I E >or ciieck , RIM ’ai Itu.

I Emr c heck . G F >horf .

Doorclieck. N (i .'^oieimen.

Drain. .1 L Sieiz,
liredger. S P Hedge.'.

Dretiger. steam \aciim. F D llar-eii.

Di edging bucket. T Ssinonds.

Drier (br cocoa. Ac .) F Fliz-'iido.

Dry kiln. W A l.' ar.i'.

iMyingcyliiuler or drum. W « ' 3Lu kinni'.\ .
Driving gear. B h'oiic> .

])welling. <« T 'i ildeii.

Dye. disiizo dark green. M lloff'tnaii ami
G F Daimler.

D\ eing apparatus. 1. Wr-hloii
Fa\ es tnmgh liaim-T. A R Lewi<,

Flectric aiarm. S 'I Jsaiiders.

Electric cable. 'I' ( ■' nilleaiinie,

Flectric circuits, apparatn.s for periodically
coni[deting and iiiterniptiiig. 1] L Berry
and F Harrison.

IJectric ci'cuits. magazine fuse fijr. (.' F
.loiies.

Flectric coiidiietors, bum! wire for. A ID-ff-
maii a ml J Brogan.

Flectric lock. K V Glieathim
Fle<-tric machines. < urreiit regulator for
I (y namo. C Scrihnei .

Flectri'-al ap[auatu-. (f W Hey.

Elei trica! comincto) , D B I’aywood,
Klectricity, apparatus for testing the re-
sistama* of coupuctor.s of. E G \Villyoiing.
Electrolytic cell. E A Le Sueur.

Elevator and <lumii. E E Barton.

Engine revorsing gear, steam. R Lamb.
Fabric foi' ventilated [lackages. W II
Wriglit.

Eee<l water heater and jmrifier. S G Cooper.
Fence post. T) W' Sigler.

Fence wire fastening ile'ice. FH Knapp.
I’enciiig, machine for making wire, .1 D
(’urtis.

Fencing, wire, J D Curtis.

Filter. 1) Williamson.

Fire esca[)e. S Co-’k.

Fire escape. W Wood and F Ross.

Fire extiijgui.-her. <» W Ahlricli and S 31
Hal).

Fire e-\tiiiguisher, automatie. A D Lind
Frie extiugnisliiiig apparatus, automatic.
N Lombard.

Fire extinguisliing svstenis. valve for
G 3[ills.

Firearm, breach loading. J L 31cCuIIoagli
Firearm, electrical. J L 3IcColloueh.

Fish, curing ami drying. T S Whitman.
Flat iron rest or holder. W W Nugent.

Flat iron rest or holder. A A Sawyer.
Flower, artificial. A 3Iayer Schlieweii.

Flue expander ami header. J Cole.-.
Foldingchair. J Cornell.

Folding gate. W R Pitt.

Foumlling. H B .\ Keiser.

<Tame apparatus, N (.) Starks.

(fame aj)paratu.s. P Thamerus.

Garbage recejttacle. D Daniels.

Garment hook. R Aiders.

(fas, ai)i)aratus for adniini.stering nitrions
oxid. W Smithard.

(’fas engine. CS Hisey.

(fas mixer. D P Stirk.

(5ate. 31 Alston.

Gate. M L RDoii.

(flass tank furnaces, hood or miitfler for.
W F 3lodes.

(‘foiiher exterminator. (.1 Lauhe.

(fore cutter and marker. E K iJailev.
(foverrior, speed. W H von Mengering-
hausen.

(frail! cleaner. J C Ross, Jr.

Grain drill. H L WTiitman.

(Jiidiruii or broiler. H A aiul M Benedict.
Grindiiiff mill. J T Capers.

(!frii) mechanism, friction. E Stancliff.

Gun barrel cltaiiing implement. C 31
Stafford.

Gun, breakdown. J Tonks.

(JuiiH, ejector for breakdown. W II Daven-
port.

Halter. H Wagner.

Hame and cockeye. J B Palmiter.

Hammer, power. J B Sweeney and R W
Laird.

Hammer, steam. J Bcehe, Jr.

Hammock supin»i t. H W'agiirr, Jr.

Harness attaclmieiit, E K (frieseiiier ami
ami .1 H 3Ianger.

Ham*w loi-'lh fastener. E A (^(veiisiiire.

Hay or stock tiauie. J I) L Jones.

Hay sling. W Gutenkunst.

Hay stacker and loader. 31 R JenWiis.
Heating device, hut water. 31 F Bishop.
Heel nailing machine jack. S .V Krewson.
Helimotor. L 3V .Vllingham.

Hinge. G Laube.

I b ,i ..--I,,,. . < ■ « .Li . .jii--

li.- .uplo g. P J B.im f.

Hull ’T,.

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Lamp -li

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liold.

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B.-i .'lii.m.

Lamp ti

iinm

'•i a

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ulal 1 \ W R. !

-oh.

I.:tinp.-. dfVici- L-r leating r

;ile(.<bol. .^i F Bi.-b<'|',

LandilVoin oi'-rflow. t|«-\ jc.. '..i j.rot«'> f in .

l ipa I'ia n. W a nd 1 1 'I e- < .oh i n.

I. iht'i n. magi. . K aui V’ II Fni-;- li
l.- alh'-r -[ditiing niachiii*-. J \ '-.iff.. id.
I.<-llnr, iran-pai.iicv. (‘ <i-- Rumaii .no.

C Alkor.

Lit'- [ire-eM 'T. I^ ilohiiiaiin.

I.lliilig ja< k. W .b.hn-on.

Link lifter. 1, W- -t.

lax. k ing clalii['. J < i’l att .

Log load'*!' and lurm-i. \\ I. Hill.

Log loader and turiiei . -I'arn. W I-. Dilf.
l.oggiijg ear. W Sa--.

Loom selvage Ibniiing appa i .( tu-. F .\-li-
w-'i til ami .\ II (fjdliam,
l.oolii teiiiplo. 1; II I’f.ii-oji.
l-oiinge, 11 K*-rn,

31ea-iiring in-tnumut. .h-riiical. .''1 31

Gai l or and l-J (i 3\ illvoung.

''leasinitig iii-n iiim-nt. (•|.•'-tl•ir;^!. EG W'ill-
yoiing,

3L;i-iiring in-tiument. ‘d'->tii.al. F (1

Willvoung and 31 .^I Garv : .

3L-a-uring maeliim-, h-atl.'-r .) )•; Fortin.
3Jeasuring water from lak* -. we. imnhine
tor. \V '1' Laiiiide.

31eclianical iiiuveiiient. F M*-i.-el.

3lechaiiieal movement. V Tonist.

31ilker, c.-w. N W and H Hu-;-s«yv.

Minnow buek. t. .1 31 Kers'-y.

Muffle furnace. A A Bn'm niaii.

-■'lusic box attachment, clock, ('ll Jac*>i.
Music -taml. K Ilighio.

3iuaical hand instrument, -triiig'd. J S
Bacli

-Nirro Compound ami making -aim*. K C
Schu[.phan<.

Nosebag. A II Hanson
Nut lock. \V II Harris.

Nut luck. W W King and F M Dunn.

Nut locking bolt. K Stancliti.

Ore -sei’arutor. F F Lucoin .

Oven. D C Green.

(.)ven, bake. P Walter.

Paddle for [iroitelliug small I'oats. M 3D -
Closkey.

Paper bag. J 31 (fuilberi.

Paper bo\. S K Patrick.

I’ap'T earriri's. lath fieder for W If
Waldron.

Paper i)iili) strainer. 31 M .'-loan.

I’atterii fur drafting garment.s, adjn.-table.
W Horn.

I’eiforator. .1 T Scott.

Photograi)hic eniboS-Sing pres-. D D M* -
Kee.

Pianoforte acti ui hammer. A W Hall.
Pianoforte jiedal atTaehiuent. J P 31uell'‘r.
Pipe connection, metal. P .1 3Ic(fuire.

Pipe coupling. CSliields.

Fi[>e cutting niachine. J B Waring.

Pi[)e wreiicii, chain. 0 L Alalinick''.

Piston heatl, steam engine. C O Ileggeti,
Planer feed inecliaDism, metal. W (ileasou.
Planter, corn and cotton. H H Pieper,
Planters, windess check row attachment
for corn. W J Tayhu-.

Plow. C A Johnson.

Point and sw itch. .1 F Billui's.

Polishing macliim*. M D Wayman.

Pot chain and scraper, coml-ined. N R
Streeter.

Power, electrical tran-niission of. C >
Brndley.

Pn'ssure gage electric alarm. W H Bradt.
Printers galley. E Lau.

Printing macliine. web perfecting platen.

F Meisel and H L Chajdn.

Piintiiig pre-- paper 'lani[>eiiing device.
E P All be.

Propelling boats, foot power for. (f Bold
and J F Uldhani.

Pulley, differential. F Gleason,

Pulp from litpiids, machine for separating.

(j S. ilei ami F Fmig.

Puinjt, air. J Dickens.

Pumn, h\ draulic air. F H Weathei head .
Puni[)ing ami coiniiressing air, a[>paratu.>
for. C W and B A Bm-rklty Jr.

Pumping tlui'ls, suction and fiuce aj'paratus;

for. W M Morgan.

Push bar [date. D L Barms,

Railway conduit, elc trie. R I Hampton.
Railway crossing signal, electric. M J
G'Suilivan.

Railway, electric, P M' Leffh r

Railway frog. C B Sfowait and T L Wedge.

Railw ay gate, automatic. G D Warren.

Rail way, plattoi 111. T Kennedy.

Railway iH)le, electric. F W Serrell.

Railway rail. C H Jeiuie.

Kailway rail joint -{tlice jiinl l>race. M
Maitiii.

Railway itcli. D AI L hui cli.

Railway >w itch, electiie. \N AI and W G
Henderson.

ivailway system, electri*-. P W Lelfler.
Railway tie plate. J A Harris.

Railway tie jilate 2 W W Holmes.

Railway tie [date and making saim*. W W
Holmes.

Raisins seeding macliine, CW Tliom['Son.
Itetlectois, making. W W Pilkington.
Refrigerator. J T Lfunu'y and CJ Aled-
berry.

Respiration, iipj>aiatus tor [uoducing arti-
ficial. W F / I>e.sant.

Revolver. (J P Blow.

B2

AOE.

jJoad cleaning machine, juu-umatii', .1 J
Agtor.

l{<jd or slat macliiiie. D Hepj).

Kollinginill guide. P L Pay.

JUmning gear. .\ II Senscnig.

Sad iron, steam. J MandoT.

Sash fastejier. ^V A Zii*tzkc.

Sash, revolving \viiid()\v. Ps iJiddelle.
Satchel or Imgframc. I' W Iloilmnnn.

-Scale, price. T> V K» plei’.

Scales, calculating attachment f-n- wt-ighing.

E B Johnson.

Scraper ^V Pavy.

Screw machine, autnmati<-. (> P Briggs.
.Scythe bladc.s. m?<dianism lur niaking
(t Ei.serle.

Seal, B J Sturtevaiit,

Seam rii'pej'. (Ml Card<-r.

Seat ami seesaw, coml)ined. K ToniMoni.
Sewer pipe colliding. S p Aiehn-Min.
Sewing bench, hook. V Adini'.

Sewing machine Idnder nttaclinient. M
Rik<‘r.

Sewing ma' liine, fur. V \'an Cuuwrnheigh.
Sewing macliinc. glove. V \’an Caiiwen-
hergh.

Sewing niacliim* loop'-r. .1 IPdierling.
Sewing ma' hin<‘ <|niltim: atta<-liment. \V
Cassidy.

Sheep "hearing machim*. P S Chamln-rs.
Ships, upnaratiis for moving and steering
steam. P \V;inter<.

Shirt waist. J MaegovNan.

Sliould'-r hmce. 11 E Matthevi.

Shutter, fireproof wimlow. .1 Sivveii.s.
Shuttle and needle operating meehanisin.
V Tomsa.

Sifter, revuluhle ash. 1' Maull.

Signal apparatU", electiical. P W H' v.
Signal switch, pneumatic. J Sehiiepl,
Signature press. C Seyh .Id.
vSiiiliou. (i Seifeit.

Skirt extender. P \V l,ockwoo<l.

Sleigh nose. .V Ilurtuhise.

Slul.bing and roving maehines, means for
driving. J Asliton and .1 Moorliouse.
Smoke ronsumer. - 'I' (binning.

Smokeless boiler. AV S Plummei’.

Snow melting apparatus. P T Me''oniiic];.
Speed iiidieator. .1 Na^lor, Jr.

Spooling machine. J W Foster.

Stalk <*utter, roller, and .seed planter, eom*
biiieil. i; AV Ttieker,

Stapli- lioldri. \V J B'own.

Sialioii indicator, K Klbeit.

Stoam, apparatus for (diiiiinaling lubricant
from e.xhaiist. J II Blessing.

Sleam. apparatus h-r recoveiing Inbricant
IroQi exhaust. J 11 Blessing.

St‘-ain boiler. G 11 Taylor,

Steam engine .\ G Brown.

Steam engine, twin screw. 11 Fi ie.leborii.
Steam, sc'parator for removing inln-ieant
fi-oin exhaust. .1 II Blessing.

Steam trap. K .1 Fliiiii.

Stilt. AV .1 Johnson.

Stove hot water gemnaror. A Sanmlers.
Stove, oil, J K<’ils.

Stovepipe joint, extension. G baube.
Strainer, milk. H AV Piers.

Street sweeper d. U AV Furnas.

Street sweejier. B Marx.

Surgical ligature preparation and Tnclosure,
]{ Kny.

Switch <'perating mechanism. CC Fott.
Sword lielt ami hanger. I. 11 .Vllien.

Table or chair legs, shoe lor bent wir<'. J F
Wilmot.

Tablet or manuscript Inddei , writing. B AV
Seott.

Tanning apparatus. AV T Harrison.
Teh'giapli signal safely attaeliiiienl. (. W
B.i'ildtt.

'ridi-plioiie. C T Bloonier.

Telephone signalling system. AV (.lilletle.
Tent. .1 AV' ( trnisby.

Thill coupling. J S Fatten.

Tliill cNiupling. C AV Smith.

'I'liread cutter. J K AVeii’.

Timber compressing and curling niaeiiine.

11 Pn Hois.

Tin can. ('A AVk'dlioim,

'l ire, pneumatic. F .A AAT^gner.

'fultacco box. C E Speak<‘r.

'J'<irpedo laumdiing tube. .1 B G A Caiiet.
Toy. i! (’ Fuller,

Toy bowling aley. 'P Pamiuarcl.

Trace fastener. B F Ferry.

Track drill. P S Crecelius.

'J’rolley. J A Williams.

'Prousers. E AV Walther and A W Street.
Truck, car. C Thompson.

Truck, hand. F F Farke.

'I'runk. wardrobe. U Alifeld,

Tug, thill. S II Haas.

'i'ypewritiiig inaehiue. AV J Parroii .
'Pypewriting machim'. J P Daugherty.
Typewriting nun liino. (' F Taylor.
('mbre)la tie ami name plate, combined.
AV 1^ Murbarger.

Fnibudlas. Jtc. tip for. T Paube.
Fnicycle. F li -Armistead,

A’alve gear. J Si)encer.

A'alve seating tucl. 11 P Sabin.

A'alve, steam engine. AV G Shepherd.

A’^apor motor, ether. F de Susini.

Ahipori/er and burner, oil. K B Kayimmd.
A'eliicle luake. AI .A Davidson and F B
liock.

A'ehicle geai ing. (i F 'J'lioiapson.

A'eliiele stai ter or brake. II Carmoiit.
A'ehicle wheel. .V P Scliniidt.

A'ehiele wlieeP childs. G Laube.

A’ePcipcde i)edals. 'P F and JO AVarwick.
A’elocipede. railway. J Poiiovaii.
Vehicipeile saddle. AV P Pecker.

A’esseP, At, bodv of least r<*si^tance for.
I' K Mills.

A'isc. T M BrintnaiP

AVarping or other macliines, cone holder for
washer. J AA' l''oster.

AVashing macliine. T P Butlertield.
AA'ashing macliine. G Pauhe 2.

AV'asle apparatus for hath tubs, basin.", &c.
J PAirrell,

AVatcli bow pliers. II AV Wildr.

AVatchcase centers, making dies for. F
Ecaubert.

AVater elevator. G W (’ampbelP
AVatei purifier. E J AI (.’lemmeiis.

AVincl gage sight. AV Pymaii.

AVindmill. F AV Eaton.

AViudiiig macliine tube holder, tliread. J A\'
Foster.

AV’iiidow scatfold, ailjustabh'. AV AV Hills.
AViudow screen. II Higgins.

AVindow’ screen. AV Scott.

AVire and slat labric weaving machine.
AV C Fratt.

AViie. making. B APuintain.

AVire twister. J AV A1 verson.

AV'ood carving machine. .A Saunders ami
J Story.

AVoodworking machine. A\' 'I' Smith.
AVrench. AV 11 Maire.

AVrench. E .V Humphrey.

AVrench. J F Kraft
AVrench. F S Seymour.

AVriting packet and copy h »lder. combined.
(t Or and 10 S Pin ton.

I .N V li N 1 1 \’ 1- .\ f i r r. I • J 1 . 1 > I N <

Advt‘rli"enietitN inserted in tlii" c<duniti P'f
Cents a lino (abonl 7 words) each iuserlion,
10vor\' new subscriber sonding*’ Sl.tHl to '1 H i-. iN'
\'i:n 1 IV1-: A(.i- will bi* eiilillod to tbe A(jii i>ne
\ear and to Ino liiu's one tinu* I'Ki-.r.. .Vd-
ilitional liiu*s or iiisei'lioiis at reg'ular rates.

pOR SALE. 1 am free to accept offers for my
Patent HraP-o. either on royalty or for ter-
rilorv . Address. TI. L. Simons. VA'ickes, Mont.

pOR SALE. Patent issiu'd to me June JTlli.
“ Psus. Xo. 5b0.24(), 1ora l'\-nilizer Distributor
intended tor roue'll manure and compost, etc.
1 liavi' run it two years on my farm
• im wtdl ph'ased with it. .Adilri’ss. Fnocli VAin-
gati*. Mi'iten. Woidli Co., (ia.

PREMIUnS TO SUBSCRIBERS.

Kead the* f( >11< iwiiptf ofter.s to iieAv suh-
-,criher.s:

OUR $1 OFFER.

''J'liK iNVi'.N 1 ivi. A(.i oiu‘ \earaiultwo
copies of any pati'iit desired, or one

c<»pv of any two patents . . Si bb

Thic In vI'-N I IV]’. Aoi-. one year and a list
of 5b Firms who manufactnr'* and sell

patented articles 1 no

Tiik Invhntivi A(.i. one y ear and Allo-
graph map ot the Cit s ol AA asliing’toii 1 bb
'Till’: iNVi-.Nnvi-. Ac.i-- one yi*ar and a li ve
line (v'5 words , ad vertiseineiit in our
**Pali*nls I'or Sale.** or ‘'sA'aiit ' coP
11 111 11. o.iie t i me 1 no

For $ 1 .

Till’: ixviiNiivi. Ae.i’ and an v one of t In*
following' Scieiilitic books:

Host to ISlak'e Klectric Halteries ai
Home, fully illustrate<P bs Fdwanl
Trevert.

ICverybody's Handbook of Electricity.

illustrated, by Trevert.

How to Make a Dynamo, by XrevtM't.
l^raclical Directions for Electric Hell
Fitting- and Electric (His Eig-hting-.
by Trevert.

ICliiiii T'lioiii pson *s VA’lial is Electric-
itvV

OUR $1.25 OFFER.

Thf. l.NVKNiiVJ A(.k one year and Jo-
sejih Allen MiiituriFs hamous book
•‘The In veiitor's Friend," indorsed by
such high authorities, us Dr. (falling'.

Clem Studebaker and others 'ft. 45

H(;ok alone 5b cents.

Tin-: InvI’.-ntivf: Ac.I': one year and ans
one of the popular and instructive
books as per offer in another coUinin.
under lunulinu' of *' Popular Scientilic

Books.** ! 51.45

Thiv Invkn tivf: A(ii-: one yi*ar and any
one of the ’’Excelsior Edition of Stan-
dard ihuds,** mentioned elsesvliere in
this mag'azine 51. 4o

OUR $1.35 OFFER.

Tiik Invkn i ivf. Ai.r: one year and a cops
of ’TMcturesijue Washing-ton,** 400 pp..

13(> illustrations. Stilsoii Hutchins' fa-
mous book, former price $4. sent to
anv address in the United Slates 51 35

OUR $1.50 OFFER.

The Ace duo year and kobt.

(irimshaw's iamnus book "'rips to In-
ventors" aO

Address all eoniimintcations to

THE INVENTIVE AHE.

"VVashi ntfton, I). C.

TNVfi'NTnR'y experimenters can obtain

in 1 Dll lUIVk) vakiable assistance ITom us in

j)erfectiug their ideas, M 'dels and patterns a
specialty. Write us. \vm. Gardam & Son, 98
John St., New York.

pOR SALE. P.itent 4i'l.o45. Insect Exteinii-
nator; will i'xcluin>re terrilorv we-,t id the
M is-vissi p])i River. Address, Jus. M. I’eyerl.
A kron. ( Miio.

pOR SALE. -My patent tor an Adjustable

U Trestle, -licit as used by plasterei's. papei
hanitei's anil all otlii'r trades where .1 sc.iifold
is ri-i]uired. I'or furllier particulars address,
i'loyd K. .Tones, I’onnitnii I’luiiis. X. -I.

pOR SALE. Patent Klour Pin and Sifter.' a

* liousehold ilei'essity. Will sell all or t>ol'-
tion of ripht. Airent wanted to sell territory ;
liberal terms. Address. () ,1. Piekl, No. sbl
Twelftli St.. N. E.. Wasbi MLi'ton. D. C.

pOR SALE. -Mv valuable p.itent. No. Skl.tlld.
O issued -Ian. I'tdh. 1X'14. on Secret Cont]iarl-
nieiit for Cabinets. Drawers. Lockers, etc.:
coniplelelv concealeil: can be jnit in an\' furni-
ture wlieiV drawers are used; sells at siirlit;
obtained sixteen orders in two hours. Address.
Mr. .lesse E. Slater. Eeediua Hills. M.iss.. 1>. ( ).
P.ox II).

steerine* action foi'

. jialented Jan. 2. l.S')4.
I'he rider can iisi' either hands or leet, orboth
with motor attached; can store power in coast-
intr and ;issis1 in clinihin.e'; tortune for some-
body. Address, W. H. I'ord. No. .Ail. ILiwes
Avenue. Slitdton. Conn.

pOR SALE. — Ayricultural Machine, at re:isoii-
' aide fnriire; patented J;m. 2. 1X‘)4, No. 512.-
iiOli. Reply without delay to Alexander. Cham-
hersville. A rk.

pOR SALE.— My i>atein. No. 5]2.3‘)ll; Auto-

• matic R;iilway Cr'ossi iitr ; ack-nowledired to
be the best of the nature ever invented. 1 de-
siri- to corresfiond with cxipitalists in settreh ol
something with merit— practical and necessary.
Address. Daniel L. McNamar;i. KAinsas City,
Mo.

:70R SALE. Driving ;iml
bieveU's. No. 51LS.i‘). ]);ii

OR SALE.— Patent No. 51d.l4S, ckutl Mining
Drill. Will sell state or entire ripht. Have
comitlete machine workinir^ now ;ind is ;
L'cess; corest>ondence solicited. .\ddress
ibert E. Wyatt. Jasper. Ahi.

SALE.— The rig-lit for the Unitvd Stules
for I’ocket Hubble Hlowing- Duvicu. Duteiil
issued Jail. 30. W4. Thi*^ is om* of the most
beautiful devices for recreation and pastinu*.
simple and cheap, and for uveryone, evei pat-
ented ill the United States. Address palenteu.
(feorg'e Krausseau. Islarion. Uitin Co., Iowa.

COR SALE.- Patent No. 513,544. issued Jan.
' 30. 1S04; Self-clearing- Tinner's Shears for

splittiii*'' corrug'ated iron, culling' off old tin
roofs or cutting- light or heavy slieet iron. Ad-
dress, (feorge Siockman. la So. IHh St.. Phila-
delphia, Pa.

F*0R sale.— I will sell at reasonable price
one-fourth interest in Railroad Metal Cross
Tie; there is money to the buyer; correspoiid-
eiice solicited. Address, Heiirs Kitchens,
Stewart. (7a.

pOR f’.ALE.- Hy towns, counties or stall's. tlu‘
® rig’-lit 1 o coll 1 riu'i lumber bnihliiigs on our
improved ]>ian in either tlie Uniteil SUUes or
Canadus. under ( lood wi nX paieiii; -oiiiething-
inipoi'lanl to builders and otlieis. 'Fhisimeii-
tion itiok First prize at WnrhFs Fair at Chic. •.g'-o.
.\d(li-ess. James S. (ioodwin. Emerald. Wis.

Shoe Chat.

pOR 3Ai-E Patent No. 441.404. Double Acting
* Lift and I'ortf Pum]). Promoiors of new
etHei-prises ;j.n<l ma nut act u re is should evumine
Ilie])atem .mil modids of t li is i m pro ve men t in
inimps. D has been examined hy first-class
mechanics, pump exjierts and eng-iiieers, who
claim it to bi* I he bt'si pnmj) t hey ever saw. F or
tnrther information call upon or add res,-. S. E.
Kauffman. Kiiizer. Pa.

BUSINESS SPECIALS.

Ad \ (“I'ti semen Is u nder this lieadi iig 15 cents a
line cacli i iiserlioii -seven words to the line.
Parties desiring- to purchase \alnable patents
or wanting- to maiuifaclnre ])aleiit«*d articles
will lind this a valuable advertising- medium.

A NT ED. Cor res] Mill deuce with capitalists
’ ^ sei'l-ri ng- an i n vest men t i n sonu-thing pmf-
itable and ])ermanent. having- from Sl.Ooo to
*^10,000 lo invent will do well to en<iuire. Ad-
dress. H.. Xo. 414 Locust Street. St. Louis. Mo.

\I^ANTED. Parly interested in org-anizing'
company to engag-e in light niannfactur-
i ng^ busin fS" desi res In correspond with owner
oi some good patent. Position of Superinleii-
dent to right parly. Address, 1. M. S.. Lock
Ho.x 53. Hi idgeporl. ()hio.

ANTED. A ]>urchaser for my Auloiiiaiii
Grain \Veig-|n'r: can be buili to an\ sj^e
and i'tM|iiires hul a smill amounl of capi-
tal for man ii fad uri ng- mac hi nes. A dd ress,
11. A. Stock, Millersburg". Pa.

\1^ANTED. -Some reliable linn to maniitac-
lure and place on the niarkel. on royalty,
m \- p iti'iU i.'alipher and Divider: adjustmenl
comlniies iimre important features tli.ui an_\
now on the marlvel. Add res. A rt li u r Munch.
Xo. (o3 E. 5tli Street. St. Paul. Minn,

TED To g-el in correspoiidein r with
some n I aim I aclu re i* i t h a \ iew to h u v i n g-
my iineiition, I’ateiit Xo. 514, 4bH. ’’Door Se-
curer.** man u faclu red . Add ress John K hi na,
( Hendale. Montana.

Hefore applying for a patent, write to The
In vt'tilors* ^lutnal Development Association,
.uul st*e wh.it they will do for you. It will
only cost two ceiiis to find out. E.K. IMag-ie.
Scc*y, (ill Corcoran Hiiilding'. Washiiigloii. D. C.

EDWARD P. THOnPSON M. E.,
SOLICITOR OF PATENTS.

Author “How to Hake Inventions.”

3 to '* He«'lciiian St.. Xew 'l'<*rk.

Ten years* expi'rieiic' in the intricate patent
law-sof fifty foreign countries and the United
St.ites. Xoiasing-le d issatiNFied cliimt. Com-
])lele and successful corresiiondeiice system ^
with onl-of-lov. M clients. Secrecy g-naraiiteod.

"In making tlv statements which follow we
can verifv each and .ill of ilumi as facts. Mr.
Edward P. Thompson, of Temiile Court. New
York, is a good man to bring- your patent cases
to, for he is i ho rough ly versed in all tlu* ins and
outs of a patent attorney's dulie.s. The follow-
ing are some of the ([ualiheations: (Graduate of
Stevens Institute as mechanical eng-ineor. For
four vears tutor of classes of young- men in
mathematics and e.xperimental physics at Eliz-
abetli. N. J. Served professionally as electri-
cian and chemist in the Swam Iglectric Co., of
New York, for two years. Because of past suc-
cesses as a patent uttorney at 13 Park Row,
New York, was appointed to succeed N. S, Keith
of the patent ag-ency of the K/rrh /r<i/ \\'or/J and
associate I'ditor. N. S. Keith is known as the
translator and reviser of Schellen's treatise on
’* D\ namo-Eleclric Machinery.** Mr. Tliomp-
soii for two years personally prepared and
prosecuted all the patent business of /5/rr-
triral Ifb;7(r'’.s' patent ag-ency. and is the author
of a series of articles in said i^aper upon “Ana-
lytical and Systematic Method of Inventing,"
which were widely known and favorabl.v re-
ceived. Mr. Thompson is a member of Ameri-
can Institute of Electrical Eng-iiieers and Amer-
ican Society of Mechanical Eng-ineers. He is
author of the “Expansion of Pol.vnomials,"
which the ablest mathematicians of the world
commend.*’ — -Nevj l‘orh Oh.'=^t'rve)\ /55‘D.

]'>Iost .Shoe Dealers treat cus-
tomers as though tlie}’ never
' expected to see them again.
W e do just the reverse . We
are after yonr permaueiit
trade. Every pair of .shoes
we sell you must be “just
right'’ in si2,e, shape, fit,
style and durability — in .short
the best pair of shoes its
price is capable of Imyiiig
anywhere in America. Eet
us do your .shoeing. Just
now we are offering a num-
ber of very extraordinary
“drives. ’’

Moore’s

Palace,

S 1 0 7tii Street,

Xi'xl to King's Palacr. \VASHTN(7TON.

Moiita,ifue Fuller,

Latest Improved

Bookbinders’

Machinery.

The Largest Line of Machinery
of any House in the World.

J-H Rvadv St.. NEW YORK.

345 Dearborn St., CH IC A(i( ).

ClTas, U;. IfiQdgIrinj

Expert in Plate Glass.

WAhEROOMS: 913 7U1 vSt., N. W.
Washington, IJ. C.

13TH ST. N. W.

Pamily Hotel. Central Location.

$1.50 TO $2.50 PER DAY.

NO LIQUORS. Washington, D.:C.

'1 . M. HALT..

W. S. JONES,

No. IJ03 vSixth .Street, N. W.,

eQMTRAFTQR & BUILDER.

Jobbing Promptly Attended to.
Estimates furnished at Shortest Notice.

TME IXVEX'riVE AGE:,

HARRY O. KING,

Photo Process

ENGRAVER,

Stereo and Ideetrotvper.

process, Desijiiis and Illustra-

^alf ^one, tions for Billheads Cards,
l^iHC E;tehiR(g Checks, Bonds, Letter-
Refief £'iRe. he;ids.

Ecj-Liidl to I^itl lograpln.

Room 1, Lincoln Nat. Bank Bldg-,
Ninth and D Sts. N. \V.

B U B I E R ’ S

POPULAR ELECIRICIAN.

Scien title Illustrated IVIontl:!-
\y for tlie ^inatiaer and
l^nblie at Lar^e.

ae?^'nittions of all tin- ihas ii^ventiunn a?
fa^t a.s they are pateiiTeil. also lists of I'atents filed each
moutli at the FateJiT (Jtfice, in NVa.shingtoii. L>. C. In-
teresting articles hv populai' writo-s on scientific sub-
jects written in a way tliat tin- merest l.>eginner in
science can understand.

Price, postpaid, 50 cents a Tear.

Sample Copy Five Cents. Send for it. Yon will be
more than pleased.

Bubier Publishing Company,

4:-!— tf I.YNJSr, m:a.ss

W. A. PA Id:.

THE

S. H. HINES,

UNDERTAKER AND EnBALHER,

1315 14th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

tVith sixteen years’ e-xj)eneiice offers hiniselt to tlic public to do all kiiitN of tinieral
work, and guarantees prompt attention and the very best of service at the lowest
prices. Metallic casket> furnished wlien so desired.

Open Day ami NIglit. Telephone, ITo. ( hairs tor II ire (»n all Oei-asioiis.

Arrangements can be made with us for funerals in any city in the United States, or for
transfer of bodies from one city to another.

Tlie Peoples Co-operative Burial Association,

All persons who luuv be culled on to bury a member of their fumilv or u friend ure res-
pectfully invited to cull ut the office of the Co-operative Burial Association and
e.Kamine our certificates reimesenting- J50 and f 100 fnneralS- Certificates, when paid
up, draw 4 per cent interest, and are transferable to anyone. Cash or install, as
perfered. .\U of onr funerals will have prompt attentioii and the best of services
guaranteed. Examine and he convinced of your interest in the matter. Open da\-
and night for funeral work, relephone, 775.

S. II. IIIXKS. m-esi( 1< -111 .

1315 14-th Street, N. W.

E. MORRISON PAPER COMPANY,

I)EALEK.S IX

White, Manilla and Straw Wrapping Paper

FLOUR SACKS, PAPER BAGS,

ffastiitm Loan anfl Tnsl

j j

9tb and F Si.. N. V/.

Ar<>n»-*v on < b>llaloj-r\l amt
1 Ja-I a1

Pays Inrej>*>r rni H.t- -aAn

Jseeu 1 In r j , . - i. * ' .

CAPITAL, $1,000,000.

Call ami ist-e or wril«- !-• u-'.

li. 11. WAKNKI:. /'

JNn. joV Eb.^fN. I—

JNn. 'Wai'K. c- i • i' . ..
■IN<L iJ. < .\b.''bd>^_ 'i'r*"Ly*o^r.
\V. li. Knl*d>ON. .s,,

.yVbHKW iVMlKl.b*. l- L

BHWLVA BlioTilbi:'.

.<!'( T'»

.1. W. LA T<d IlKTTK.

I) ST. .V. NV .

D«‘5iire T'> inbiiiii th«-ir fri<-iiib .ind ih-- _..ii*-jal linin'-
that thi-y havn itun.-ha,M-(l a pirti'.n of ih*- st^xk — v*-hij
rh'.s and "iH — "f -fid l.a T"ni*-tTf .tt ihi- al--\
named ^talll••^, and ihall -ni'i'ly tin- 'tab).-*, w ith ii--a'
tiUggies, flc., aU'l fii’^t-rla**- driviiiu hm-^i— . ami lh»-r*'l'>
be iii-epai'.Ml to furni.^ij t)i** hm-'r tiirni»'it» in th«' • it\ .
making a .-I'eeially uf light liirinu : li ii‘--e' ln-ai'b-d l-y
tlie day 'ir ni'inth at ri-ii<*iijabh- mte'.- 'iiv'- n^ a •.ill.

lillALLKV Biia.''..

Sni.-i.t-SMit> to .i. W. La T<'uri-tt.-.

'.iiiT I>. >tre'-T. m-xt !<• Ksk.m.n-. Nku-.

Telephone Call. 'IG\.

1*. S. — Also j>r<ipii*‘toi-- Ui'lai-lan-l >r.n-k Kaim,

I nt'ar Cal.'in .John Bi id::'-. lbii--«i-> -tal-lod and j-a^tni . ii
j at all 5ea.-Mjn>.

Twine, Shipping Tags, Straw Board, Ice Cream Boxes, Writing
and Printing Papers and Envelopes.

Agents for Holyoke Flat and Writing Papers, Collins’ Printers’ and Photographers
Cards, Chas. Eneu Johnson & Co.’s Printers’ Inks.

No. 1009 Pennsylvania Avenue N. W., Washington D. 0.

HORACE J. LONG,

Successor in the

AYAI.L PA PER

Department of the

Dealer in CONTRACTORS’
SUPPI.IES, Ship Chandlery
and Marine Hardware.

Blocks, Cordage, Machin-
ists’ and TGi.gineers’ Sup-
plies. HARN1-:SS.

No. 220 Tenth Street, Cor-
ner of C Street Northwest.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

.JOS. E. IIUDGSON.

F L RN C E S , R A N G E S an d
LATROBES, ROOFING,
GUTTERING and SPOUT-
ING. Jobbing Promptly
Attended to. .Ml work
Guaranteed. Repairs Fur-
nished for all kinds of
stoves.

425 8th St.. S. E. Washington, D. C.

Tile Wasiiiii.§ton Xational Building and Loan .issociation,

OHIO NATIONAL BANK BUILDING. Washington, D. C.

Par value of shares $ioo, and the holder draws that amount in
cash at maturitv, estimated at seven to eight years time. Cost is 6o
cents monthly or $50, in advance. On the latter ras/i dividends are
paid semi-annually, rt/ 6/!,fr /d-r on the amount paid in.

Either stock can be withdrawn any time after three months with 6 per
cent, and after two years with 8 per cent. Unexcelled as a method of
saving small or investing large sums.

COR RESFONDENCE SOI. ICITED.

Hon. Joseph D. Taylor, President. W. E. Johnson, Ge?i' I Ofatiager.

The Advertisers, Subscribers and Readers

Of The Inventive Age will secure neatness, dispatch
and moderate prices on all kinds of printing by calling on

(TIn' printing j^oinpanij,

Cornel- Stli and H Sts,, X. W.

Call us up by Telephone, 1516, and our representative
will visit you, give- estimates and take orders.

¥. H. HOUGHTON MANUT. CO.

121S-1220 E Street, n. w.

W.tSniNGTON, II. c.

HENRA' J. ALBERT, Manager.
Wall Paper. Interior Decorations.

Frescoing. Cornice Tinting.
Interior Wood-work and Painting.
Floor Polishing. Stained Glass.

Don't pay any attention to evil reports.
Don't be to (jiiick to eondeiini.

Don't repeat what your neighboi-s say, they
may be mistaken.

Don't invent a story iVom imagination.
Don't put your money in an olil Trunk and
expect to find it there after the house is
burned.

Invest it.

The Fidelity Building, Loan and
Investment Association

Offers special imincenients to any one look-
ing for absolute seenritv.

IhIN lll-i (t St. N. W.

HA RHIS( )X DINGMAX. ,
Alonzo T\\ ekhai.e. Fir.^idaii.

Secretari/.

\V. S. PT.AXtER,

P. F. LINKINS,

HOT’si: p.\ixTixa.

Anfi Interior Pecorating.

Wall Painting, Kalsomining and Tinting.
Jobliing a Specialty.

1402 S St. N. W.. Washington, D. C.

EDWARD GORMAN,

Practical Plumber and Gas Fitter,

IN .\LL ITS BR.^NCHES.
REASONABLE. DURABLE AND PRO.UPT.
IV U It rsti-eet, N”. E.

Washington, D. C.

j\m.$ B. jiEWDEi^^Opi,

Artistic Paper Hangings, .

Window Shades,

. . . . Room Mouldings.

923 r Street, 'WASHINGTON. D, C.

C, A, DORSETT Al BR0„
Plcittibers and Tinners,

1 1 15 Park I’lace N. E.
WCASHIiXGr’rON'. 1). c.

Furnace, Latrobe and Stove Repairing.

Orders solicited and promptly execut-
ed. Satisfaction guaranteed. Orders
by mail receive prompt attention.

FROM 1-4 TO 40,000 POUNDS WEIGHT

Of Ojyen Hearth, Chester or Bessemer Steel.
True to Pattern. Sound, Solid.

Gearing of all kinds, Crank Shafts.
Knuckles for Car Couplers.

Aro^'JIeads, /focArer.?, Piston- Heads, etc. for Locomotives.
Steel Castings of Every Description.

Chester Steel Castings Co.

Works, Chester, Pa,

Office, 407 Library St,, Philadelphia, Pa.

William Duffy,

REGISTERED

Plumber and Gas Fitter

1130 NORTH CAPITOL ST.,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

ESTIMATES FURNISHED.

Orders by mail will receive prompt
attention.

Carpenter and Bnilder,

j JOBBING PROMPTLY ATTEND-
I ED TO BY ADDRESSING OR
I CALLING AT SHOP, REAR OF
I RESIDENCE.

No. 27 M .Street, N. \Y.,
W.XSHINGTON, I). C.

' R. R. SIMMS,

Carpenter and Builder,

' .Shop In Rear of 920 M .Street, N. \Y.
Washington, D. C.

REPAIRS A SPECIALTY.

Weatherstrips. Window screens.

HI-

ARTIST TAILOR.

7 1 S 1 1 til .Street n. w.

Winter and Sfring stock now on hand to se-
lect from.

IML r U E S RE ASO AAV B LE .

TPili IMVENTTIVE AGK

Ths kt Eiii^ of nn iMOstitiesl.

The price of large timber tracts in the South
has increased 200 per cent in tlie last six years.
Will increase mere rapidly as tracts grow
scarcer.

The National Lithographing Co.,

461 and 463 C Street, WASHINGTON, D. C.

The Interstate LiunI Bureau, room 40, National
Union Building, Washington, I). C., has for salt-
over 1„500,000 acre,s d' timlier land, in tracts fn uu
10,000 to 300,000 acres, in Kentucky, N'ortli Caro-
lina. Florida, Alaliaina, Georgia. 'Louisiana and
Texas. Prices from .$1 to .$.S tier acre.

Also land for c.olonies in Sontliern Maryland,
Virginia, Alabama and deorgia. ttood nuim-
proved farming land in Alabama anti Georgia,
easy of access to markets, from .$2 to S3 per acre,

Also coal land in Tennessee, Kentucky and
West A'’irginia.

Also cheap farms in A’'irginia and Maryland,
and choice gold mining proiierties in A'’irginia,
Maryland, North Carolina and Georgia.

Als i choice properties tor large or small in-
vestors in and al>out VA’ashington The Bureau
has reliable agents in Londonand Amsterdam.

WM. EDGAR ROGERS,

Sec’y iiiKl

Photo-Lithographing,

Photo-Engraving.

ll.\l.r-T(L\l-' KTCHIXi; ox COOPER; M.Xl’S and .\IECH.\XICAE

i)R.\wiX(;s exe.\r(;ei) or reduced.

I^A 1 i:x r DMA \\^ I N (PS,

R.-STONESIFER,

21torchant (Tailor,

6<j9 1) .Street, N. \V.

Printed on Linen, Parchment, Drawing Paper or Card Board for PATENT ATTOR-
NEYS to Accompany Applications for Patents in Foreign Countries.

All Kinds of Commercial Lithography,

WXI. L. PRICE,*

THE PHOTOGRAPHER,

723 Seventh Street, n. W..

Ji making a Specialty of

Large Portrait and Oue
Dozen Cabiuets for $5.00

fust think of it.

Larger sizes at equally low prices.

Also he has a splendid Lot of Frames
Cheap

Remember tlie place —

w. r.. PKicr:.

723 .Seventh Street, Northwest.

Copying and enlarging' done.

C. B. F. HALLER,

Artistic Paper Hangings,

AVIXDOAV SH.ADKS,
ITCTFKE FRAMES.

ROOM MOFLDINOS.

AND TINTING.

E^stinititos FiU'iiishoil.

All NViiik Cbuiruiiteeil.

Ills H STREET, N. E.

(.D'llei'S D\ Mail or <.>ther\vi,so I'roiuiitly
Atteiidod to

W. E. ( 01. BURN,

GEEEBALCONTEACTOR.

Portland Cement Walks, Steiks am) Pavoments Laid,
Kxcavatinjr, Paving, Sodilingaud Cctneiit-XVork aSpec-
itiltv . Kstimates Promptly Cdven.

Bttx iil'ilueus kxchaN(;i;.

ItKSIDKNCK, 70D EXiTHTH ST. N. £. WASHINGTON, D.C.

J. T. WALKER SONS,

Dealers in LIMK, CEMENTS, PLAS-
TER, PITCH, HAIR, BUILDING
PAPERS.

2 and 3 ply Roofing Material, Flue Lining.

IMoidar Colors. Slato, Ci"cks. Firo P>rick.s, (’Diy. Tilo
Chill coal. Tar.

Telephone 7-U. ‘^04 intli St. N. W, Wa.''liin.iitnii, 1).

WHEATLEY BROTHERS,

liunibern^erGhants

.Xnd Miuiufaetiirers >)f

SASH, DOORS, BLINDS

And Hard Wood Material,
Worked Flooring a Specialty.

OFFICE';: MILL:

•Seventh St. and Uliode Island Avr. Water Street.
Water St,, <b*org-eto\vn. b. Gcorgehiwn. D. (\

C. E, FINCH,

Stair Builder.

2123 H Street, N. \V..
Washington. D. C.

The Hatch & Holmes Mtinufactiirino' Co.,

Special Tools,

MaiuitactuKMs ot Small Hardware,

Machinery.

>\<>wivix; 31 Ai'iiiTNi::-; .v i a r3 .

I’oi'kd i'lilli'E Id iIid World I ikIit " TIid lliilidi I'lillm' Cd."

’ I

'File Illado''. of every Knife manufactured under thi'' brand are guaranteed free from cracks
and not siTfl. Any knife not giving satisfaction ihriuigli either of the above faults, will be re-
l»laced by a new knife at the factory.

Cor. Kossuth &. Seymore Sts., Bridgeport, Conn.

catalogue tools & SUPPLIES FREt,-k

'I’ool.s, .\l.\TEHIAt.S AND SUPPJ.IES

of pvery description, for

XIAXUFALTURINH and EXPERl XlEXTAL Purposes.

All INX'ENTORS and MObEL XI AKERS should send fur one of

our complete Illustrated Cata-
logues, XIailed free to any ad-
dress.

(H)<)J)XIA> & WKill T3IAN,

63 Sumlbury St.. Hoston. Mass.

(GEAR

SETS OF CASTINGS OF W

MODEL ENGINES ^

catalogues &

F-REE £

^fALSO TOOLS.H

WHEELS. a PARTS OF MODELS

Machine

REWS,;^;

M i j

ALL SIZES ;

lATALOGUES FREE TO ANY ADDRESS

Wm. MacKEXZIE X CO.,

contractors in STONPi
WORK. Estimates Cheer-
fully furnished. S. tV. Cor.

New Jersex' Avenue and R
Street. Northwest,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

New Wood and Coal A’ard.

P. R. TAVENNER & BRO.,

Wood and Coal Dealers,

3323 M Street, W. Wash’u.

.\11 kinds of coal at lowest rates served in any quan-
tity, and prompt iloUvery guarantpml. Coal undercover.

IH 1 1 IH X. DXVYEH,

Cor. d-Ir and E idtreets, S. W.

Washington, D. C.

Tlios. P. BaklAviii,

1730 P.\. Avr:. N. W.
Washington, D. C.,

Furnaces. Ranges anil Latrolies,

SET and REPAIRED.

Tin, Copper and Sbeet-Iron worker.

Prompt attention paid to jobbing.

GEORHE FRITCH,

SLATE AND TILE ROOFER,

1424 Tenth St., near P St. N. W.

WASHINGTON, D. C.,

Repairing a specialty. All work guaranteed,

COWSeL-L-S,

"‘ VTuf A Mechanical Engineer or Draughtsman; To^nake

charge of, or to superintend the manufacture or machinerv bx* devoting your idle
hours to lloin** .stud v bv the method of THE CO R R E S PO N D E IM C t
SCHOOL OF MECHANICS. •‘Scranton, ra. To begin, students need
onlx' know how to read and write. Moderate Charges. Send for FRKL. Circular.

ED. MALLET. JR. ERNEST A. HODGE.

WALLET & HODGE,

Plumbing and Gas-Fitting,

720 Eleventh Street, X.W.,
WASHINGTON, I). C.

Repair work attended to. Estimates furnished
TKLKI’HiiNi: mill.

WM. W. WIMREE.

Garperiter and Btiilder,

1411 F Street., N. W.

Estimates cheerfully given. None ex-
cept best of workmen employed by me.

W. J. THOROWGOOD & CO.

DEEVLEItS IN

lllaff Papers. Decorations,

Room fpourdlngs, fftades, §e.

1111 LLtn street, N. W.
W.ASHINGTON, II. c.

Fresco and Plain Painting.
Estimates Given.

Practical Bricklayers

IN ALL BRANCHES.

Best of work done on shortest notice.

Estimates fnrnislied.

634 I Street N. E.

E. C. (irlLL, Xlaiiager.

Washington Lime 4 Cement Co.

COK. 8tl> & liOUNDAKY Sts.. AVash I). C.,

WHOI.KSAI.K andKETAII. DEALERS IN
Lillie, ria.stor. .tntietaiii and Portland Cements Flue
Lining Slate, Feed, Wood and Ooal Wholesale and Retail
LIME and Aiitietani CEAIENT tiirnislied in Carload lots
ESTIJIATES CTIEEItFl LbY FURNISHED.
TELEPHONE 1679.

J. W. McMAHON,

Window Shades, Room Mouldings. A
Full Assortment of Etchings, Sheet Pic-
ures, Etc.

WALL LAF’EFtS.

Picture Frame Maker, Fresco Painting,
Fine work a Specialty.

1604 14TH St. N, W. Washingten, D. C

th-e: iNViiNXiv^E:

p r I] X s ,

copvRi(;H'i^''sHcrRh:i).

Trade Marks Reg-istered. Searches made as
to novelty. Opinions rendered as to scope and
validit\’ of patents, .\ssignments prepared and
recorded. Abstracts to title made, Opinions
as to infringements given. Patent litigation
conducted. Our charges are definite and rea-
sonable. Best of references throughout the
United States. Canada and Evirope

Our new and enlarged Hand Book containing
over fifty illustrations, forwarded on request.
Inventors’ interests guarded. All correspond-
ence strictly secret and confidential. During
ten years of practice we have secured some of
the most valuable patents issued-

RlIESA G. DiiBOIS,

Inventive Age Building. NVASHINGTON, D. C.

PATENTS.

Caveats, Trade Marks,
Designs, Etc.

Report as to paleniabilit_\ of invention
Fkkk of CH.AK(iK. Unsurpassed facilities.
Moderate terms. IhT'ore applying for a patent
write us. All information and advice Fke:k.

GLASCOCK & CO.

606 F St, N. W, Washington, D. 0.

PATENTS FOH IWENIIONS.

RICHARD P. EVANS & CO..

Counsellors at Law.

Attorneys in Solicitors of Lnited
Patent States and Foreign

Causes. Patents.

464 La. Ave., Washington, [). C.

Write for (lur book. "PATFINT LAW AaI>
1*RACTICL,“ sent free upon re<iuest.

I .. ( '. \\W )( ) I ),

AtlnrilL't ■iii'l

Soliciloi' 'I

I Hfciiin liiiiiiv'ii., P.'iIl'MI''.

< Ori'i'^poi i( I Cl KM ' S( ,1 ici I (•( I .

i.. C. W Ond Building.

507 K St. N. W .

w Asms(i ros o. c.

PATENTS OBTAINED.

E. W. ANDERSON & CO.,

Counselors at Law,

700 7th Street, WASHINGTON, D, C.

E.varni nations without charge.

Inventor's Guides free.

L. SRicliTTore,
United States and
Eoreign Patents.

Designs, Trademarks and Copyrights.

.Atlantic Bldg-., WASHIXGTON. D. C.
Mdkk th.vn 15 Ye.vks E.xpekihnce:.

PATENTS.

T

R

A

D

E

M

A

R

K

S

R. X. STEVENS,

Attorney and Solicitor,

Procures Foreign and Domes-
tic Patents at Moderate Rates.
Advice and Book of Instruc-
tions Free.

Correspondence Solicited. All Letters
Confidential.

D

E

S

I

G

N

S

Inventive Age Building WASHINGTON, D, C-

The Colombia National Bank,

911 F STEEET N, W.

WA.SI-I IXOTOls;, O. C.

A &eneral BaiiliiiE Business Transacted,

CAPITAL, $250,000.

E. ,S. PARKER, .... President.

A. F. FOX, Vice-Premdent.

CLARENCE CORSON, . . . Cashier.

J. n. VALE,

PATENTS m TRADE MASKS.

Attorney and Counsellor at Law .

.\tlantic HuiUlinv.

02s K St. X. \V. W.tSHIXi.Td.X. K, .

E. E. J.kCKSON. H. Cor.I.lER.

THOS. XORWOOIi.

E.E.Jackson&Co,

WILLIAIYI A. KIIYIIYIEL,

CONTRACTOR

EITTLDPTR.

SHOP: 1006 Conn., Avenue.
RESIDENCE; 1132 N,J, Ave,

Estimates furnished on the short-
est notice.

J()H> IlOWLIXLS,

612 12tli St., X W. 1). P.

HARDWOOD AND SLATE MANTELS.

The fine.$t line in the city.

Tile work fur Batliruoms. Ye.stihules. Flooiisaiid Wain-
ecoting. All the latest color efiects. Ihas.s and
Wrought Iron, fire gootls, Andirons, Feinlei's, Firesets,
etc. Wood Carpet and Parquetry flooring a sjiecialty.
A call inviunl. Teleidiono lOTo.

RE>1<)\ El)

From 408 to 418 I2th St.
N.W. 4 doors above.

During the next 30 daA's will
allow 25 per cent, discount
oil all Trouseriugs.

J. Fred. Gatchel,

Tailor.

JOHN W. COLLINS,

724 nth St. N. W.

Tiu Roofing, Guttering aud Spouting.

RANGES AND LATROBES.
Repairing a specialt)-. Work done at
Short Notice.

GOODRICK & CO.,

GENERAL

Contractors and Builders,

1057 to 1067 28th Street, N. W,

Estimates furnished on all classes of
work and Repairs.

C. LTo\A^lTltTcl,

ATTORNEY AT LAW.

DOMESTIC AND F0I][IGNP11T[NTS SECURED.

Late Principal Examiner oe the
(tenekal Land Office.)

Special Attention to Land. Patent,
and Corporation Cases.

15 Warder Bldg-.. Washington. D C.

R. M. BROWN,

Artists and
Painters Supplies.
American and French
Window Glass.

S. W. cor. 7th sts. X. W..

WASHIXtrTOX. D. C.

H, )I, TREMBIEV & CO.,

Expert Sign Painters.

HOUSE PAINTING A SPECIALTY.

ESTIMATES EURNISHED.
SATISFACTION GUARANTEED TO
ALL OUR WORK.

None except Expert Hands employed.
1208 PENN. AVE. N. W.
WASHINGTON, D. C.

ETTINGER & SMITH,

Contractors and Builders,

No. 215 Twelfth Street N. W.,

Estimates cheerfully furnished.

.lobbing done on short notice.
Orders by mail will receive prompt
attention.

kstablisheo 1S57.

W. W. KIMBALL CO,

m.\nufacturers of

PIANOS AND GROANS,

Highest Honors World’s Fair.

60 Organs Daily CHICAGO. 20 Pianos Daily,

Office and Waberoom.< : Factories:

Wabash Ave. near Jackson St. Cor. 2G and Rock-
well Sts.

HAYWARD & HUTCHINSON

Workers in Marble, Mosaics
and

Encaustic Tiling.

Br.\ss. axp

Wrought Ikon
Fire Goods

Portable axd
Fixed Grate.s,
B.\th-room
Tiling.

Floor Tiling.

4‘>4 9th Street, X. W.,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Manufacturers of

Liiiiilier. Doors, Sash,

Blinds and Moulding.

Cor. 13th St. and Ohio Ave., N. W.

Washington, D. C.

SPECLALTIES : Dressed Floorings.
Makers of Alabama Edge-Grain
Flooring.

Mills located at Plantersville,- Ala.

Pollock & Martin,

WALL PAPERS,

DECORATIONS,

ROOM MOULDING.

i 333 C Street S. E., Near corner 4th and
I Pennsylvania Avenue.

I Estimates cheerfully furnished. Our
: Terms are reasonable. All orders bv
I mail will receive prompt attention.

PENSIONS.

L. C. WOOD i CO.. L. C. Wood Build-
ing, 5117 E St. X. W., Washington. D. C..
give every claim for pension entrusted to
Them a

IIEOmillS iJ PBIIIIIPT PBOSPCUIIOII.

If you want to avoid uiinecessart' delat'
in securing action on your claim: or if
your -claim has been rejected, or your
name dropped from the pension rolls write
us at once.

WTLLETT & RUOFF,

UATTERS

J[^ 905 Penn, Ave.,
near 9lli St.

Knights Templar Regalia.
AViiHliiiig'toii,. 1>. C\

Sole Agents for Dunlap A Co.Us New York Hals.
Furs Received on Storage.

FURRIER^

Caliinet \\ ork a Specialty. Jobbing i.lone Promptly

T. E. CABELL,

Contractor and Builder,

113; 1st St. N. W., Washington, D. C.

Estimates for Buildings Furnished. Y'ork Contract-
ed for on the Be.«t Terms. Charge- I'loderate.

W.P.HARRISON&CO.

AGENTS $75 v

usini or selljug PRACTICAL
PLATING DYNAMO .Thcmol-

ern method, used in all factori- 5
to plate new goods. Place.-? gcG-l.
silver, nickel, etc . on watche-;.

, table-ware, bicycles and
all meial goods; fine outfits K-r
agents; different sizes; always
ready; no battery: uo toy: □'»
e.vperience; no limit to plating
needed: a gr*.-at money mak*T.

, Clerk No. 15, Columbus, Ohio.

WALL.UCE WOODWARD.

FurnaGes, Ranges and Latrobes

Set and Repaired.

1404 T St. N.W., Washington, U. C.
Roofing, Guttering and Spout'ng. Smoky chim-
neys cured Brick work repaired*.

Roof Painting.

All orders promptly attended to.

EVEKVBgDV WAX rs the

LIVESTOCK JOURNAL

And our WOPLDtx FAIKoOc.
PREMIUM SPRING CURRY COMB
W Ir.^ I-J to Evt'rv Substu'iber.
Jl.lO A TEAK. .

Write for FREE SAMPLE (’OPA .
Liberal Coinini^ion to Agents.

Western Agricoitorist ani) Live StocUournal,

334 Dearborn St.. 1 'hieago. 111., or

yriNcv, 114,1 X’ois.

MA55ILL0N 0.U5 6,

•<C'N1JFJCTUR£9S OF '
FRICTION CLUTCH ^
I PULLEYS. ^

CHAS. E. COGGSWELL,

(^arperder and {guilder,

Fifteenth Street Extended,

.1//. P/easanL

Jobbing done in all its branches.
Estimates cheerfully furnished.

the: ix\'e:xtiv^e: a ok

o(j

Andrew B. Graham,

LITHOGRAPHED

i230 PENN. AVE., WASHINGTON, D. C.

Telephone io,;i
^

Bill-lieiids. I.etter-lieud.s.

Diploiiias. Curds.

Koiids, Note.s.

Cheek.s, Drafts,

Certilii'ute.s of stock. Etc.

Plioto-Tjitli<>}{i'ii[)liiii}ir.
FREDERICK CARL,

iSuccessor to E. H. BR.rDFORD.

Model Alaker,

Expert In Perfect Working Models,

711 6 Street, opp. U. S. Patent Office.

I>esj"uing, I>raltiiig, and Perfect Working Models fur
Inventors. Models made from sketches, Patent
Office drawings or home-made models. Dupli-
cates made of Patent Office models fur law
suits in case of infringement. Pat-
terns made from wood and metal,
^lanufacturing of Novelties.

^ A. F. JORSS,

OrBaiiieiital aiii Aiitidiie Fiiiisli Wroii£tit

IRON WORK,

Xo. 804 18t It Sti-eet. N.W.,

WASHING TOX, I>. C.

GEORGE R. AIKEN,

A 74/7? B UIL D ING ami

I/AND RAIL WORKING
A Specialt}’.

i2i6 C St., N. \Y. Wasliiiigton, D. C.

T. A. t^cii-ncillc.

Real Estate, Loans & Insurance.

Cheap Property a Specialty.

1235 G St., X. \V. Washington, U. C.

P. S. MURPHY,

N. W. Corner 3rcl and H STrkkt.s,

PriKdical '['inn in? &

steel Plate Furnace.s, Ranges and
Eatrobes.

Jobbing' done on short notice.

WOOD COAL COKE

Dry well-seasoned Wood.
Free-Burning Coke.
First Grade Coal.

Sole Agents for the

Celebrated ARGYLE STEAMING COAL,

the LilNOTYPE, GEORGE M. BARKER,

Machine Composition.

Only Successful Machine in Use.

This machine, operated by finger-keys like a typewriter, automatically pro-
duces and assembles, ready for press or stereotyping table, type-metal bars or
linotypes, each bearing, properly justified, the type characters to print an entire
line. After using the type bars are re-melted and cast into new bars.

Speed 3600 to 7500 ems per hour.

Easily operated,

Quickly learned,

Single operator.

No loose type.

No distribution.

New face for every issue:

Used by 150 . .
Leading Dalies.

Address

The Merpnthaler Linotype Company,

Tribune Building, NEW YORK CITY,

PHIL. T. DODGE. President.

GEO. S. DOREMUS.

FRANK C. JUST.

DOREMUS & JUST,

414 11TH ST. (STAR BUILDING,)

WASHINGTON, D. C.

FV^odel IV^aper^ bvjanufacturer^ of • • •

• • • • NloYeUie^ and Electric ^Upplie5.

All kirids of Screw macfiirie work, Bicycles built to order,
repaired , pickle plated and epameledwith baked enamel ,
Gold, Siver, N ickle, Copper apd Bropze plater,

Chandeliers refinished in the latest sty les.

Out of towp work solicited.

Edward H. Allen.

President.

Maurice Joyce,

Treasurer.

]

1 k

Th os. R. Martin,

Main Office : 920 aoth St., N. W.

Telephone Call, 1766.

©.rg,

458-460 Poim.sylvaiiia Ave., Wa.shiiigtoii, D. C.

Special attention given to the reproduction and printing of copies on parchment,
drawing-paper, tracing-linen, and card-board, of Patent Office drawings for attorneys to
accompany applications for patents in foreign countries.

W. P. TULLOCK, Manager.

3utI^tnos 21IatcrtaL

•••

Doors, Sash, Blinds, Frame's,
Moulding, .Mantels.

NOS. 649 AND 651 N. Y. AVENUE,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

TELEPHONE 948.

BALLAUF,

R ACT I C A L 31 RCH AX I C I AX,

(Estahlislied 1855.)

NO. 731 SEVENTH STREET, N. W.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Constructor of Light Machinery, Experimental
and Model Work.

All orders for Certified Duplicates of Patent
Office Models, and Models of any Foreign Pat-
ents from Drawings and Specifications, filed in
the Lihrary of the Patent Office for law suits in
case of infringement; also. Original Models for
Inventors, and Jlodels to comiilete application
for Patents, from Drawings and Specifications
filed in the Patent Ofilce.

,|. SCHtLTZBACH.

Mecliiinlcian and Model Maker,

713 6111 Street, N. W. WASHIM&TON, D- C.

4^ 3Io<lels for Tateiits and KxpeninentH.

Electrical and Meteorological Instruments and light
machinery of every descrijition made to order.

BARBER& ROSS,

r^l lllil )ei*, n OOBS,

Sa.sl I, T > 1 iiicls,
i*(1a\ a i‘e.
and Slate
]NJa iitels.

Gas Uixtiipes,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

En^ravin^ by all Hethods.

Halj-Toues etched on Hard Rolled Copper and blocked on

Mahogany a .Specialty.

The Norris Peters Company,

OFFICE AND STORE:

11th and G Street, N. W.

M^ARE HOUSE :

13th and Ohio Ave.

\N0VELTIES4I

M

o

D

W.B.KNMT&CO.
Mannfactnrers

IH8 Washington Ave.

ST. LOUIS, MO.

SFECI-fLXj

TOOLS AND MACHINERY

TO

R

N

S

EXPERT MODEL MAKING.

Established TS67.

PETER SEYL, Prop. Chicago Model Works, Chicago,
111.. 179 Madison St. Write for catalogue of Model
Supplies and references.

Fifth Year.
No. 4.

WASHINGTON', D. C., APRIL, 1894.

Single Copy lo Cents.
$i Per Year.

MODERN TYPE COnPOSITION.

Leading Features of the Hergenthaler, Rogers and
Monoline Line Casting Machines.

In saying “ for one of the craft to publish what
he really thinks of the future would call down upon
him the wrath of thousands who do not or will not
realize what is in store for
them,” a writer in a typograph-
ical trade journal, in speaking
of a machine to displace hand
composition, gave evidence
that, as a practical printer, he
dare not publish his own con-
victions, but rather preferred
to permit the inevitable to
dawn upon his fellow crafts-
men like the flash thought of a
dream ; or, possibly, he may
have deemed it not the prov-
ince of a trade journal to give
opinions on improved methods:
or, that the members of his own
craft were presumably given
the same advantages as himself
in being permitted to examine
such machines, and could,
therefore, form their own con-
clusions.

The writer was describing
some of the features of the won-
derful Page typesetting ma-
chine. There is just one, and
only one, perfected Page ma-
chine in existence. Obviously,
as the operator on this ma-
chine, without the knowledge
of being timed, was setting
type at the rate of nine thou-
sands ems per hour, the writer
owed it to himself, his craft,
and the journal he represented,
to at least state that, to all in-
tents and purposes, as far as
he was able to judge, this ma-
chine was’themost remarkable
of its particular type that had
come to his notice ; that he had
examined about all the t3'pe-
setting machines presented to
the trade, and that he believed
machines to supersede hand
composition of tj'pe "were a
condition and not a theory.”

The publication of such an
opinion about modern tj-peset-
tingor linotype machines might
not have had much impression upon practical print-
ers generally'. The truth would have been stated,
however, if applied to anj' one of them, and some of
the more than two thousand compositors displaced
by machines in 1893 might have been saved the hu-
miliation of having his practiced ej'es, nimble fingers
and educated brains superseded by a mass of cam

iana and from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean.-.
Ten New York offices introduced 148 machine.- and
displaced 212 printers: two Washington offices in-
stalled 26 machines and threw 93 printers out of em-
ployment: five Buffalo oftices put in 44 machines and
124 printers were without employment a- the effect :
four Detroit offices threw lO.S printers out of wcjrk
bj' the introduction of 49 ma-
chines: four Philadelphia of-
fices relieved 85 printers of reg-
ular work by starting uj) 57
machines while 76 printers were
relieved of their situations in
Pittsburg l)y two offices pur-
chasing 25 machines. Eleven
Canadian ])rinting offices ])ut
in operation 81 machines and
118 printers were thrown out of
emploj-ment thereby.

•During this same period there
were established in the L'nited
States 1.396 daily. tri-weekl_v,
semi-weekly, weekly, bi-weeklv
and semi-monthly and cpiarter-
l_v publications. Although the
increase in jiublications was
large in 1893 the journals es-
tablished were of such a char-
acter as to give emphA'inent to
but a ver3" small, if any per cent
of the compositors displaced bv
line casting and tc'pesetting
machines.

Thrcnighout theUnited States
where machines have been in-
troduced an average of 44 per
cent of emploj-ed printers have
been thrown outof work. These
figures are g'ath.ered from reli-
able statistics, and would nat-
urally carry the inference that
machines to displace hand com-
position of type were a practi-
cal and accepted condition and
not a theoretical possibility.

This condition of affairs in-
dicates sometliing'. The pub-
lisher or master printer will
not claim that he ])ut in ma-
chines because tlie price of
composition had been raised,
for the tendency has been grad-
ually and surely' in the 0])posite
direction. The practical printer
will not admit that the intrica-
cies of his art have been less-
ened over former methods of
practice. The accepted improvements in ty-pe and
type composition have been confined to accuracy of
bodies, increased number of faces and the location
of the characters in the case before the printer. The
keenness of sight, nimbleness of muscles and quick-
ness of thought are just as essential to the correct
[Continued on page 62.)

yvheels, payvls, throws, and a casting pot. During 1893
linoty'pe and ty'pesetting machines yvere installed in
132 printing offices in the I.Tnited States, 999
machines in all. Before these machines were put
into operation there yvere 3,461 reg'ular and 1,188
substitute printers employ-ed in these same offices.
After their installation it required but 2,291 regular

MERGENTHATvER COMPOSING MACHINE.

and 412 substitute printers to perform the yvork,
thus displacing 1,260 regular and 776 substitute
printers, or a total of 2,036. And this revolution,
unlike the introduction of shoemaking or yvatch
engraving machinery-, yvas not confined to any par-
ticular section of the United States, but extended
from the northwestern state of Minnesota to Louis-

THK

AOK.

INVENTIVE AGE PUBLISHING CO.,

8tli aii<l H Sts., Washiiii^ton, l>. ( .

Alkx. S. Cai'khakt. Makshai.l H. J

The IxVEXTiVK Agt: sent. j)()sta^'‘e x.>rt‘paid, to aii\ address

in the United States, Canada or ^Mexico for SI a year: to aiys
other country, postage prepaid. SI. 50. All subscrii:)tions stoj)ped
at exi.)iration of term.

Correspondence with inventors, mechanics, manufacturers,
scientists and others is invited. The columns of this journal are
open for thediscussion of such subjects as are of general interest
to its readers.

Technical matter is particularl.v desired. “We want practical
information from practical men.

Nothing will be published in the editorial columns for pay.

The Inventive Age is thoroughly independent, and has no
alliance with an^* patent attorney or patent bureau. It is the
friend of the inventor and the American manufacturer.

Advertising rates made known on application. Special facil-
ities for furnishing cuts of any patented artich* together witli
descriptive article. Business ’specials 15 cents a line each inser-
tion, 7 words to the line. No advertisement less Ilian 5U ctmts.

Address all communications to Tin-: Inventin’!-: A(.i-. Wash-
ington, D. C.

Kntercd at the Postoffice 211 Washington as sccomi-class niatto .

WASHINGTON, I). C., APKIH, 1894.

Some time ayo a Coinmissidn was ajjpointecl in
Boston to decide upon the best means <.)f rapid trau-
■sit. The Commission reports in favor of the sub waj-
scheme. The estimated cost is frnm SS.bob.OOO t(.)
SIS, 000, 000.

Investkvatiuns establisli nine miles an hour as
the maximum s])eed at which trolley street cars can
safelj- run in great cities. This is far from rapid
transit and therefore rules the trolley out in consid-
eration of feasible schemes for rapid street car
transit in the down town district of cities.

The launch of the Dirigo, at Bath, Me., marks an
ere in American shipbuilding, as it is the first steel
merchant vessel ever built in this countr}-. The
rapid increase in the building- of steel vessels is
shown by Hloyd's Register. In 1890 they coiistituted
only 3 per cent of the world’s sailing tonag-e while
now they equal 12 per cent.

The remarkable fire record <jf last j-ear is being
continued this season. The Februai'}' losses this
year aggregate 811,300.000 as compared with 810,000,-
000 for Februarv in 1893. As a result of the heavj-
losses insurance companies are rerating cities
everywhere and increasing the rates. It is a curious
coincidence that in times of great depression
losses are heavier than in periods of universal pros-
perity.

One of the first acts of Hon. Galusha A. Grow, the
newly elected Congressman-at-large from Pennsyl-
vania, was to urge an amendment to the pension
laws fixing 812 a month as the mininum amount to
be allow-ed any pensioner. He argued with g-reat
force that if disabled at all 812 was small enough
pay for the veteran soldier, and that unless disabled
to such an extent as to deserve this amount nothing-
whatever should be allowed.

The sudden collapse of the Brazilian rebellion,
just at a time when opposing- battleships were being-
cleared for action, was a sore disappointment to
naval experts all over the world. It was expected
that in this combat the efficiency or worthlessness
of the huge dynamite g-uns would be demonstrated.
There were, beside the dynamite cruiser Nicthero3-,
several modern tvpes of torpedo boats whose useful-
ness in active combat it was expected to determine
in this naval skirmish. But not a gun was fired. It
svas simply a demonstration and the practicabilit}-
of d3'namite guns is as far from settlement as ever.

An eight page weekp- called the Patent Office News,
made its apperance March 20. The relation of its
editor, Mr. Horace Kenne3' to the National Printing
Conipan3- which furnishes the Official Patent Office
Gazette for the government, leads to the belief that
one of the important features of the new publication

will be the defense of the present administration of
the Patent Office against attacks that might nat-
uralp- follow the disclosures being brought out in
the Congressional investigation relating to the
printing _^contract secured b3' the National Lfitho-
g-raphing Compan3\ through the influence of Josiah
Quinc3'. while acting as assistant Secretar3- of State.

At last the farmer is promised some of the direct
benefits of electricit3'. Used for suppHfing motive
piiwer in almost ever3' (_)ther industrv in the world,
electricity has never found its wav to the farm ma-
chine. Experiments now going on make the predic-
tion natural that within the next five years the “bo-
nanza farmer" as the western wheat g-rower is called,
will, with nature's help, husband electricit3’ b3' the
use of windmills, when the wind blows, in storage
batteries to be applied in the propelling- of all man-
ner of farm machinery. The simple touch of a button
and the sulky plow will glide across the field turning-
over the soil in reg'-ular furrows ; the harrow, the
seeder, and later the harvester : then the thresher
and finally the farm wagon laden with wheat, bi.>und
for market - all propelled by electricit3'. g-enerated 113-
inexpensive, and on the western praires. ever active
windmills. Not unmindful of this prospective con-
dition of affairs this possible boon to agriculturists,
the Senate committee on arg-iculture has made a
favorable report on Senator Peffer's bill t(-) establish
an electrical experiment station f(.)r the purpose i.>f
determining whether electricit3' can be profitably
applied as a motive pi.)wer in the ])ropulsion (->f f;irm
machiner3-. The bill places the station and prejposed
experimetits in charge of the Secretar3- of Ag-ricul-
ture and appropriates $10,(100 for the first fiscal 3-ear.

prize has also recently been offered b3- a Nether-
land societ3' for the best paper on obtaining-- energ-3'
by means of windmills. accumulating theenerg'-y elec-
trically and transmitting it or making it ])ortable.
The three elements on which this utilization of wind
power depends are the windmill, the dynamo and
the storag-e batter3-, and all these have now, in this
connection, arrived at the commercial stage. The
estimated average speed of the wind throug-hout the
United States is 7I4 miles an hour — in the western
States 10 to 15 miles an hour average speed — and
anyone with a windmill can have electric lia-htiiH'-

- 00

and electric power b3' hitching on a small dynamo
and few storage batteries.

In this issue of the Inventive Age appears a
timeH- article on the Nicaraugua canal project. This
matter is now before Cong-ress and no question is of
g-reater national importance. If aiu-thing is needed
to remind the American people of the desirabilit3- of
prompt action in the matter, the recent landing- of
British forces at Bluefields, on the Nicaraug-uan
coast, furnishes the illustration. That the present
administration is not entire^' unmindful of the sig--
nificance of this sudden move on the part of Great
Britain and of the desirabilit3- of continued Ameri-
can su])remac3' over this great project is evidenced
by the fact that orders were prompt^' given which
caused a fleet of American cruisers to proceed to Nic-
araug»-uan waters to “ protect American interests.’’
UndoubteH' England is carefully and quietly
watching affairs and continued letharg3' on the part
of this government will be the excuse for her to take
a hand in the canal matter soon — a complication not
at all desirable 113- the American people and outrag---
eousU' antagonistic to American interests.

A GENEKAE concensus of opinion seems to indicate
that the building-- outlook is brighter for the coming
season than it has been at an3’ previous time within
the last few 3-ears. The permits that are now
being issued show that fewer great structures are
contemplated but the number of moderate-sized
buildings will be very large, and will give work to a
vast arm3- of mechanics — man3' of whom have been
out of work for months. The improved building
prospects will, of course, have a beneficial influence
on the iron and steel interests, for no structure can
be built without involving the use of these metals in
some form, and the aggregate business in this line
will be ver3' heav3'. Taking- all in all, the countr3-

seems to be on the verg-e of better times, for w-hile
the building business is always the first to sufl’er in
da3-s of financial depression, it is always the first to
recover when the clouds roll b3-.

The annual report of the Commissioner of Pat-
ents shows that in 1893 there were received 37,293
applications for patents ; 1,060 applications for de-
signs ; 120 applications for re-issues ; 2,247 caveats ;
1,899 applications for trade marks, and 401 applica-
tions for labels. There was 23,670 patents granted,
including- desig-ns ; 99 patents were re-issued, and
1,677 trade marks were registered. The number of pat-
ents which expired was 14,172. The number of patents
which were by operation of law forfeited for non-
payment of the final fees, was 4,102. The total ex-
penditures were $1,141,038.54; the receipts over ex-
penditures were $101,833.19, and the total receipts
over expenditures to the credit of the Patent Office
in the Treasuiw of the United States amounts to
$4,281,743.45.

Tho.se who had hoiked that the investigations
pending regarding the alleg-ed irregularities and
peculiarities surrounding- the letting of the contract,
last 3-ear, for the lithog-raphing and printing of the
Patent Office Gazette, would result in satisfactory
explanations all around, will be disappointed at the
fiippanc3' of the allusion to the afi’air made b3' the
Commissioner of Patents in his recent report to Con-
g-ress. He passes the subject 63- declaring that “ad-
ministrative reasons’’ made the chang-e desirable.
It is likeU' the frankness of this expression is equalled
onh' 113- the truthfulness thereof.

Next month’s issue of The In\-entive Age will
contain several important features ; among- them an
illustrated article on the new Anderson reduction
s3-stem, whereb3- all manner of city garbage, 63- a
new process of incineration, is reduced to a very
small per cent of solid. Machines for casting and
machines for setting movable t3’pe will also be given
an elaborate description, and the admirable paper
read b3- President Warner, of the Washington Board
of Trade, before the recent meeting of the American
Association of Inventors and Manufactures will
also be published.

The Commissioner of Patents makes a recom-
mendation in favor of establishing a “patent bar.’’
There seems to be g^ood log-ic in the suggestion, and
it is in the interest of the inventor. It is proposed
to admit to practice before the Patent Office onh-
those practitioners whose responsibilit3- and relia-
bilit3- shall have been, at least, partialU- ascertained
b3' the fact of their having been admitted to prac-
tice in the Federal courts.

At the close of business March 20th, there -were
6,885 applications pending- in the Patent Office await-
ing action, but onh- 77 of them are of over three
months standing.

NOTES AND NEWS.

a GraA’P.— A Bethlehem, Pa., man has
been arrested on the novel charge of grave stealing.
Too poor to ])urchase a cemeter3- lot he forced open
the g'-ate, dug a grave and buried his infant child.

* * *

A Big- Street IJailway Selieiue. — A company
has been organized in Chicago and asks for the
franchise of building a four-track underground rail-
road beneath the streets in the business center, as a
loo]i for the elevated roads that cannot now reach
the center of the business district.

-X-

l.iargest Opal in tlie World. — Word comes
from the opal mines near Caldwell, Idaho, of the
finding of the largest opal in the world. It is said
to be as larg'-e as a hen’s egg-- and without a flaw. It
is estimated that the gem will dress 325 carats and
prove of the highest quality and immense value.

-X- vt- -X-

Ilailroad Obsei’vanre of Siiuday. — The New
York, Eake Erie & Western Railroad has issued an
order to hold all common freight trains in the yard
from midnight on Saturda3' to midnight on Sunda3-,
ever3- week in tlie 3'ear, onl3' the necessar3- crews to
handle fast and perishable freight, being kept at
work. Modifications are also made in the passen-

THE IXTEXTITE ^OE

59

^'■er service, bj' which some extra liours of rest can
be had on Sunda5's. The order affects nearlj' 8,000
men, half of whom will g’et an entire da3''s rest, and
the other will have but the minimized service to
carrj' on.

Where to Live and Where to Die. — The cit^-
having- the greatest death rate in the world is
Rheims. German^-, the proportion being 28,62 per
1000 in each 3'ear. Dublin follows with 27.05 and
then New York. 26.47. In Minneapolis. Minn., rela-
tiveh- the fewest deaths occur — onlv 9.60 per 1000.

Larg'est Lake Ve.ssel. — The largest vessel on
the lakes was successfulh’ launched at the tV3'ndotte
Yards of the Detroit Dr3' Docks Shi3'ping Compan3'.
Detroit, last month. She is 362 feet over all, 42 feet
beam and 25 feet in depth. The vessel has been
built for a S3-ndicate, and is designed to carr3- 4000
net tons of cargo.

The Age of Iron. — Sir William Arrol. having
bought the old Hammersmith bridge, at London,
intending to use the material for false work at the
Forth bridge, found the iron, after sixt3’-two 3'ears
of service, as good as new. Pure white lead was at
the bottom of the secret. Many of the parts, which
were inaccessible, had not been repainted since their
erection.

Electrical Cleans of Producing- Rainfall. — A

French scientist, M. Baudion. maintains that water
is held in the clouds b3' electricit3-, and if this be dis-
charged rain will fall. Hence he proposes to bring
about rainfall 63- discharging it. It is said that ex-
periments on a small scale, with kites, have' been
successful, and more extended experiments will be
made b3’ the aid of balloons.

Lojigcst Swing- Span in tlie World. — A bridge
is now in course of erecction across the iSIissouri
river, between East Omaha and Council Bluffs,
which will be remarkable when completed as possess-
ing the longest swing span in the world — 520 feet —
being 15 feet longer tlian the swing span of the
bridge over the Thames river, in Connecticut. The
structure has been designed by Prof. J. A. L. Wad-
dell of Kansas Cit3'.

The 3Iincr’s Inch.— In selling water a great
man3' standards have been taken as so man3' mill
powers,” a certain number (estimated) cubic feet per
minute, and b3' others, among which is the •" miner's
inch,” which, although it has been •' heard around
the world ” man3- mechanics do not know even what
that standard consists of. Briefl3', a ‘■miner's
inch ” of water means an opening one inch square
through a plank two inches in thickness, under a
head of six inches of water to upper edge of open-
ing. Such an opening will discharge 11.625 U. S.
gallons of water in one minute.

A Sixteenth Century- Guii. A. E. Brooks, of
Hartford, Conn., has secured possession of an an-
cient gun believed to have been made during the
sixteenth centur3‘. The arm has been in the Rem-
ington famiL' for 100 3-ears, and so far as is known
it is the onL' wheel-lock gun owned in America. It
is of the patern invented in Xureinberg, German3'.
in 1515. In 1635 this st3’le of fire arm was improved
b3- the introduction of the flint-lock. It is .75 calibre
and unrifled ; the barrel is 20 inches in length and
the whole g-un about 28 inches long. Jerome Rem-
ington, of Vosburg, Penn., owned the old arm when
discovered b3' Mr. Brooks.

Cheating- Aneestovs and Gods. — A curious in-
dustr3- in some of the provinces of China is the man-
ufacture of mock mone3' for offering to the dead.
FormerU- sham paper mone3- was burned, but now
mock dollars are used. The3- are onp- half the size
of real dollars, but the dead are supposed not to
know the difference : and. moreover, there is no
more harm in cheating the dead than there is in
cheating the living. To make them, tin, hammered
out till it is not thicker than the thickest paper, is
punched to the size of half dollars and pasted on
disks of cardboard. A bo3- then takes tlae pieces,
and with two dies, one representing the one side
and the other the reverse, hammers impressions of
dollars upon them, and the mone3’ is read3- for use.
— Popular Science.

All Old Engine. — What is believed to be one of
the oldest engines in the countr3' was recentW taken
out of the manufactor3- of Marshall Brothers. Pitts-
burg. It is described as an old fashioned slide valve,
rocker motion, horizontal engine, c3-linder seven

inches diameter, with the extraordinar3- relation of
a 24-inch stroke. The valve chest and steam ports
are in a separate casting of ver3- crude form. Tl-ie
engine worked at the leisurely rate of 50 revolutions
per miuute. and that ma3- be the reason it took so
man3- 3'ears to get tired. It was constructed and
put to work in the old Marshall establishment in
1820. and has never moved from its original founda-
tion in the 74 3'ears of its life. It churned awa3'
steadiL'. doing all the work for man3' 3'ears. and was
then supplemented b3' an additional C3'linder, mak-
ing it duplex.

“Greater Xeiv York.’’ — On the 6th of Xovem-
ber next a popular vote will be taken b3' the com-
munities interested on the proposed consolidation of
New York and Brooklyn under one municipal incor-
poration. The annexation proposition not only in-
cludes BrookL'ii. with a population of nearL' 1,000.-
000, and Richmond count3', with over 50.000 inhabi-
tants. but thirteen towns and villag-es, of which
Long Island Cit3-, with a population of 30.506, is the
most important. Among the others are Flatbush,
Flushing, Xew Utrecht. Gravesend and Jamaica
Ba3'. The aggregate population of the territor3'
which it is proposed to ta’xe in is 1.164.053. which,
added to that of New York, would give to ■' Greater
New York ” a population of 2,965,792, and make it
second onW to London in the number of its inhabi-
tants among the cities of Europe and America. Its
area would be about 317 square miles.

l)oiil)le-I)ec‘ked “L.’’ — The solution of the
rapid transit problem in New York is likeL' to come
from the addition of a second stor3' to the structure
of the Manhattan Elevated railroad. The scheme,
now vouched for b3' Russell Sage, is said to have
orig-inated with Ja3' Gould. The second stor3' will
have its own pillars leading up from the street and
the two structures will be bolted and joined together.
materialL' strengthening the present elevated road.
The distance between the two structures will be ten
to fourteen feet, just sufficient to clear the locomo-
tives and cars. The lower structure will be used for
the local traffic, as at present. On the upper struc-
ture express trains will be run b5' the new motive
power, which it is expected the ^Manhattan will
adopt from among the several hundred schemes
offered in response to the compan3''s S50.000 offer
for the best and most feasible power.

“Slot’’ JIacliiiies for Selling- Xew8i)a]>er8. —

David F. Cook, of Kokomo. Ind.. is the inventor of a
novel slot machine for the sale of newspapers, postal
cards. stationer3'. postage stamps, etc. The ma-
chine is more especialL' designed to take the
place of newsbo3's, carriers and clerks and lessen
the expense of circulating newspapers as well as
contribute to the convenience of the public. The
motive power to the machine will be electricit3' and
actuating springs. The machine rejects an3'thing
but the proper coin in the proper conduit. By
touching an electric button the article desired slips
out to the purchaser. It tolerates but a single pur-
chase and one time for each chamber. It also sounds
an alarm and shocks with electricit3' when it is tamp-
ered with b3' mischievous bo3's and will resent an3'
attempt at fraud, though it never fails to respond
when given the proper feed. It is exacting but not
avaricious like man3' other slot machines.

A Xovel Bicj'ole. — Prof. Albert, the chamj^ion
100-mile bic3'cle rider, gave an exhibition in Wash-
ington. recentL', of a novel wheel which can be
manipulated both 63' the hands and feet at the same
time. It is known as the Dorset hand and foot com-
bination bic3'cle and can be propelled b3' the regu-
lation treadles moved b3' the feet or without them
b3' means of the handles themselves. The upright
bar to which the handles are attached is connected be-
low and between the wheels with a ratchet separate
from that connected with the treadle axle. A chain
from this ratchet is attached to the rear wheel, just
like the chain from the treadle rachet. By moving-
the hands forward and drawing them into the
body again the upright bar works the ratchet.
The machiner3' is so arrang-ed that both the hands
and feet can be used for power at the same time.
The efficacy of the hand movement in climbing
hills is apparent, and an idea of its utilit3' ma3' be
had from the fact that a single movement of the bar
ouf and in propelled the bic3'cle forty-two feet.

Anotlier Great 3Iis.sissii>i>i Rher Bridge.—

Considering the quantit3' of metal used in its con-
struction and its length, the Southern Pacific Rail-
road Compan3''s bridge to be built across the Mis-
sissipi river at New Orleans. La., will, it is believed,
be the largest steel railroad bridge in the world. It
will be a double-track bridge about 10.500 feet long.
The approach spans will var3' from twent3'-five to
150 feet in length, according to the height of the
towers. The main river bridge will be built on the

cantilever prinriple, and will be Info iii 1

with .'.pan-, (jf Ou-i feet >in either JO.e. Tl.e j,ier
foundation> will extend from a '/ialir, -

below the bott<mi of the river, aii.' a ill be -;'.nk I; ,
open dredging-. The e>timated w ei_ iu -.f 1:. /re-
quired is 25.000 ton.', or .'.ooo.onij ])ound .. T...

will be ab'jut .t5o.ooo.0ijo. The large -t r./o-
bridg-e completed i.' over the Firth of F'jrth. in S. n-
land. The main 'tructure is 533o feet long-, but “i.e
approaches are said to be shorter than tin.- N'e-.v (Or-
leans bridge.

luveiitor of tlio Torrot. -Theodore R. Timbv,
who, as a nineteen 3'ear oldbo3'. invented the revolv-
ing turret which revolutionized modern naval war-
fare. is now a hale and hearty gentlemen of 71
3'ears. Leaving his home in Central New Y->rk
earL' in 1841. his attentiiyii was attracted to the pe-
culiar shape of old Castle IVilliam. in New York
harbor. He thought it would be a g-ood idea if the
fortress could be revolved and thus bring all the
guns to pla3' upon any desired object. This idea stuck
to him so thoroughU' that on his arrival in Wash-
ington he made a crude sketch of a revolving- turret,
which illustrated but little more than the principle.
The originalit3' of the invention was readih' ac-
knowledged b3' men of prominence and a working-
model was soon in existence. The majorit3- of a
board of arm3' and nav3' experts, however, reported
against the iciea because of its cost of construction.
Nineteen years later, in 1862. he secured broad let-
ters of patent not 01113' covering- the specific device
but also the principle of its operation. The part
the revolving turret pla3'ed in the civil war. es-
pecialL' in the operations of the Monitor, are famil-
iar histor3'. The ver3' men who were the first to rec-
ognize the merit of iMr. Timb3''s revolving turret
were leading spirits in establishing the govern-
ment which it did so much to overthrow.

Japanese Curreucj'. — The gold coins now in
circulation in Japan, range from 51 to520. while the
silver coinage includes SI and the subsidiar3' coins
down to 5 cents. During last 3'ear the importation
of silver bullion was unusualh' large, and the coin-
age of SI pieces was exceptionalh' heav3'. One hun-
dred silver dollars purchased sixt3'-one and one-
quarter gold dollars. The histor3' of the paper cur-
renc3' of Japan given is of especial interest. It ex-
plains the measures b3' which the depreciated paper
of fourteen 3'ears ago was brought up to par value
without resort to a foreign loan. Between 1871 and
1878 the gold dollar was the unit and was legal ten-
der in that countr3' to an3' amount. In 1»78 this
simple gold standard was abolished and the silver
dollar of 416 grains and 900 fineness was made uni-
versalL' current in all public and private transac-
tions without limit. Over two-thirds of the gold
coins struck in the Japanese mint since 1871 have
been exported, and “it is plain that if the present
rate of depletion continues, there will soon be ver3'
little gold left in the countr3',” while the value of
silver coin and bullion has largeL' increased. The
amount of each in circulation is estimated as fol-
lows: Gold, 55,837,892 : silver, 520,481.307. These
amounts do not include the treasur3' reserve, of
which there is about 522.000,000 in gold and 5454.000,-
000 in silver.

Tlie Evils of Earl3' 3Iarriag-es. - The evil
effect of earh' marriag'es. first on the mothers, and
second on the offspring, is beginning to attract the
attention of scientific men in man3' parts of the
world. There are certain inherited abnormal ten-
dencies. just as there are certain inherited diseases.
B3' tendencies I mean conditions of mind and bocL'.
that manifest themselves in ph3'sical and mental
deficiencies. These, as a rule, come from the
mother's side. If the mother be not fulh' developed
and her character not fulh' formed, at the time of
the birth of her child, the latter will in all probabilt3'
never be capable of full development. It will be
a weakling. moralh' and ph3'sicall3'. It has long been
a recognized fact, even among the people at large,
that the children of older parents are wiser and
better than those of 3'outhful parents. Child-bear-
ing is one of the most severe drains on strength of
which we have an3' knowledge : and for this, nature
stores up in the mother a ver3' great amount of re-
serve strength. As the majorit3' of girls cease to
grow after the3' are seventeen, it is from this age
on that this storing up of the reserve strength which
will enable them to undergo the ph3'sical strain of
motherhood takes place. Consequentlv, it is ap-
parent that when a girl is married before the re-
serve has been gathered, she is called on to meet
the ph3'sical strain without the necessar3' force. —
Dr. Cyrus Edson in North American Revieio.

New Projectiles.

A highly 'Successful test was recently made of Holtzer 10 inch
armor piercinsr shells. Two shots with a charge of 183 pounds of
powder. ^aTe a xelocit.v of 1.625 feet per second to the 575 pound
shell, which pierced the IVy inch armor plate. 3 feel of oak
backincr. and entered the sand bank for a considerable distance.
A crack in the plate, made before firing’ the Holtzer shell. 3vas
widely opened, the edges turned out and the opening- blued by
the heat caused by the impact.

6o

THE IX\"EiX'riVE AOE.

NICARAGUA CANAL.

Its Importance to the United States and Reasons
Why This Government Should Control It.

It is soiiietiines said that the waterways improved
bj- the United States never pay. The «-overnnient
has probably paid about SlO, 000, 0(10 for the improve-
ment of the Sault St. Marie Canal and the Detroit
river. If the commerce passing" throug-h each was
charged SI per ton, or just half tlie toll paid on the
Suez Canal, the income would be nearlv S4(),000.()(I0
annualU’.

The United States, with its Atlantic and Pacific
coasts, is like a man owning two farms separated bv
a narrow strip of land extending in both directions
beyond his estates. The distance across this neck
of land, might be a few rods, while the distance
around it bj’ some public road might be miles. The
neighbor tenders the owner of the farms the right
of way across the narrow strip. Now would a sen-
sible man accept the offer and build a short piece of
road over his
neighbor's land
and establish di-
rect communica-
tion with his two
farms, or would
he persist in go-
ing miles around
the obstruction?

The Nicaragua
Canal is merelv
an extension of
the mouth of the
Mis.sissipi)i river
round to the gulf
of California and
vice versa. It
shortens the dis-
tance by water
from San Fran-
cisco to New York
from 15,600 miles
to 4,907 miles and
only 26.8 miles of
it is actual canal.

The length of this
water route is less
than twice the
land route be-
tween the two
cities. The city
of Chicago has
been largely made
by the advantages
of a water route
which, to the head
of Lake Erie, is
about three times
as long as the land
route.

American en-
ineers have al-
ways regarded the
route of the Nicaragua Canal as feasible, while they
hav^e insisted that the Panamei route was ini]n-;icti-
cable if not absolutely impossible. It is in fact an
ideal route. Just where a crossing is most desirable
nature has so prejiared the way that the canal can
be easily constructed and all unusual risks avoided.

The estimates for a rajiid transit elevated street
railway from the Battery in New York to 185th
street is about as much as the cost of the Nicaragua
Canal. A canal to drain off the sewerage of Chicago
would cost nearly as much, if the work was done on
the estimates made for the Nicarag"ua Canal.

The bill now before Congress is not in the interest
of the New York canal companies. In. fact they
have not been consulted. Their plans, no doubt,
would be to have the government indorse their
bonds and build the canal for them, so that they
could tax the commerce of the United States and of
the world all that it would bear. Thej' have at-
tempted to build the canal commercially and have
failed. The3' need assistance and in accepting it
thej- must give up the millions thej" had hoped to

realize and must accept their m onejr and interest
a.nd a single million eiccording to this bill. Aid will
be extended on such terms as Congress deems fair,
just and proper. The lender of monej' or credit
usuallv dictates the conditions on which it will be
given. The borrower can decline to receive it.

The channel extends from Grej’town. on the east
coast, to Brito, on the west coast, a distance of 169)4
miles. Both harbors must be largelj" artificial.
Grevtown. however, has an ample inner harbor con-
taining about 20 feet of water to which a 15-foot
channel has been dredged and jettied. The distance
from the inner harbor to lock No. 1 is 9)4 miles
through a sandj- shore at a slight elevation above
the ocean level. The canal is to be 120 feet wide on
the bottom, 288 feet wide on the surface and 28 feet
deejn

In this channel ships can lie at anchor or pass
each other. This lock is 650 feet long and 80 feet
wide as are all the other locks, and has a lift of 31
feet. Lock No. 2 will be 1 '4 miles bej'ond lock No.

1 and will have a lift of 36 feet. Lock No. 3 is about
tw(i miles be^'ond li.>ck No. 2 and has a lift of 45 feet.
The next three miles is made a navigable basin to
tlie great divide. This cut. through lava rocks
chielL", averages 141 feet deep for 2.9 miles. From
the great divide to Ochoa on the San Juan river is
12 0 miles, and is mostly a navigable basin, made so
bj' the dam at Ocluja which raises the river 54 feet,
and, b_v removing tw(j rockj' reefs in the channel,
secures slack water navigation nearlj" to Lake Nic-
aragua, 640 miles. The distance across the lake is
56 0 miles. The eastern shore must be deepened 16
feet for 14 miles. The west shore is somewhat
abrupt and the water deep. From the lake to the
Pacific is 17 miles. Of this distance 11)4 miles will
be excaviition and 50 miles a navigable basin.
Locks 4 and 5 adjoin and each has a lift of 4-2)4 feet.
Lock No. 6 is 1', miles bej'ond and is about I'/z from
Brito harbor and has a variable lift, according to
the tide, of 21 to 29 feet. The deepest cut on the
western divide is 71 feet. The slope in the channel
of the San Juan river from the lake to the dam is

estimated at four feet, and hence the locks on the
east side are to have a lift of 106 feet and those on
the west side 110 feet at mean tide.

A curious misapprehension prevailed among the
scientific men as late as the middle of the present
century. Napoleon's survevors pronounced the Red
Sea to be 30 feet higher than the Mediterreanean
Sea. It is said that De Lesseps’ surveyors re-
ported the Pacific ocean higher than the Atlantic on
the Panama survey. As the oceans of the earth are
all connected b^- broad channels around the con-
tinents, it is evident that anj' difference in the sea
level must be due to the difference in the tides.

Greece, at Corinth, is cutting through a rock3'
pciint higher than the great divide in Nicaragua.
The German government is cpiietlv excavating a
channel 65 miles in length for a ship canal. Man-
chester, England, in order to become a seaport, has
just finished a ship canal 35 miles long. Eg3'pt
long since secured the Suez Canal.

The Nicaragua Canal is of far more itnportance

to the United
States than the
works mentioned
are to the nations
of the old world,
and 3'et Congress
has done nothing
since 1825 but
order surveys and
i n V e s t i g" a tions
and ])ass resolu-
tions. Theapatlrv
and indifference
of Cong-ress con-
cerning this pro-
j e c t c o nt r asts
strangely with
the boasted pro-
gress and enter-
jirise of the
United States.
Gf the two com-
peting methods of
crossing" the Isth-
mus it can he said;
That if it were
possible to cut
down the Culebra
mountain of mud
and control the
torrents of the
Chagres river,
the Panama route
would still be un-
desirable, as it is
within the region
of eciuatorial
calms. S a i 1 i ng
vess els would
have to be towed
100 miles on the
east coast and
several hundred
miles on the west coast. The absence of winds to
carr3' off the miasma produced 113- the tropical vege-
tation creates one of the most unhealth3" climates
in the known world. The Nicaragua Canal is in
the belt of the trade winds, and owing to the de-
pression in the mountain chain — it being onh’ 150 feet
above the ocean -the winds meet with little obstruc-
tion and the climate is comparative^' health3'. As
to the Eads ship railwa3' the subsidy of ®37,500,000
was based upon the safe transportation of a ship and
its cargo together weig'hing 2,000 tons. Recently a
steamer left New York with a cargo of 13,000 tons.
Call the weight of the vessel 13,000 tons and the car
and frame 13,000 tons and 3-011 have to furnish power
to haul and build a road bed to support 39,000 tons.
Steel, alluminum and science might reduce the
weight of the vessel and the car, but the cargo, at
least, would be a fixed factor. For some years the*
Chignecto ship railwa3' has been building between
the waters of the Ba3' of Fund3" and the Straits of
Northumberland. Its capacit3' is reported to be for

THK IXVEXTIVK .\QE.

(n

ships of 1,000 tons burthen, but its completion and
success have not yet been announced.

The author of House Bill No. 6,058, one of the
measures now before Con«-ress, desires to state that
as a member of the executive committee appointed
by the Nicaragua Canal convention at St. Louis
and New Orleans in 1892, he has studied the project
carefully, has examined the elaborate surveys, has
inspected the rock material of the numerous borings
along the great divide, has consulted freely with
the chief engineer and is thoroughly convinced that
the canal can be completed for 550,000.000 plus a
moderate allowance for supervision and contingen-
cies. Engineer Menocal fully confirms and in-
dorses this opinion. This, of course, means with
sound and economical management and excludes
Credit Mobilier speculation and Panama corruption.
There is no g-reat danger from natural camses. Since
the days of Columbus no earthquake lias occurred
along the route of this canal severe enough to injure
its structures. A dam three times as high as that
across the San Juan river, was projected
for the Croton reservoir in New York. Build this
canal and a hundred new ships will await its open-
ing. Railroad interests magnify the cost and diffi-
culty of the undertaking. It costs twice as much to
build and equip a line of railroad across the continent,
as it will to build the Nicarag-ua Canal. The canal
will do more freight business between the two coasts
than all the railroads and in about the same average
time and for one-fourth the cost. There never was
a time when capitalists were more anxious to ob-
tain government bonds nor a time when the people
were more in need of some outlet for their suppressed
energies. Enlist them in building the Nicaragua
Canal and they will forget the depression at home.

The estimates on tlie Nicaragua Canal are 75 to 100
per cent higher than are now being paid on the
Chicago drainag-e canal or on the Illinois Hennepin
Canal. For example ll.OiiO.OOO cubic yards of heavy -
lime stone rock are under contract for removal at
Chicago for about 75 cents per 3'ard.

On the great divide the estimate for the removal of

8.000. 000 yards of light lava rock from a mountain
where one blas*t will ])robabhHoosen five or ten times
as much as in the Chicago Canal, is 51.50 per yard.
Earth excavation on the Nicaragua Canal is rated
at 40 cents per yard. On the western works from
12)i to 28 cents per yard. Dredging- and depositing
sand on the banks of the canal is estimated at 20
cents per yard. At Chicago clav is dredged and
towed five miles for 14 cents.

If the statements of the nine phvscians in charge
of the 2000 men eniplo^’ed for 14 months on the Nica-
ragua Canal are to be relied upon the conditions of
health are more favorable to the laborer than under
similar conditions in the United States.

If this work was fa-.rh’ investig-ated and leisureij’
examined and studied bj' contractors, no doubt rock
excavations would be undertaken for 31.00 per cubic
yard and dredging at 15 cents.

This bill is no Credit Mobilier scheme to build the
Canal bj' g-overmental aid for the benefit of ])rivate
parties. It is direct and definite. It is a commer-
cial company' in which the three nations interested
are the principal stockholders and receive the chief
revenues.

The interest of the United States will be about 90
per cent of the whole and thej' will control it prac-
ticall\' : the same as the English g-overnment con-
trols the Suez Canal by owning a majority of the
stock. The United States can elect to make the
canal a source of revenue or a mere aid to commerce
like our other improved water wavs.

A canal across the isthmus of Florida requiring-
four days for passage and saving- but 500 miles to
our coasting trade, has been twice surveyed by the
United States. This canal has about the same dis-
tance, about the same elevation, has twice as main-
locks on a foundation of sand and contains a much
larger amount of excavation than the Nicaragua
Canal, which saves 10.000 miles between our coasts
and carries the commerce of the world.

The Suez Canal cost 3100, 000, 000 in securities or

355.000. 000 cash, and earns 315,000.000 net annually.
The Nicaragua Canal should cost about the

same, and will earn fulh- 50 per cent more at the
same rate of tolls. If built commercialU- the Nica-
ragua Canal promises to cost at least 3200.000,000
insecurities, and tolls will be 32 per ton no doubt,
while twent^'-five cents per ton would paj- exjienses
and 3 per cent on cost, if built b_v the United .States.

This canal route was first investigated and recom-
mended b^’ Henrj' Cla^- in 1825. Subsequent exam-
inations were ordered in 1835 and 1837. The survey-
of 1850 was most thorough for the magnitude of the
canal then proposed. President Grant's commission
surveyed it for four years, from 1872 to 1876 ; the
Maratime Canal Company for two 3-ears. Eng-ineer
Menocal sa3-s further surve3-s are useless "and a
waste of time and mone3-. as he ran 4,000 miles of
deviating lines in the vain hope of improving the
location or reducing the cost. A few thousand dol-
lars now spent in showing the work to practical '

builders will be more profitable to the enterprise
than an unlimited amount of additional - survei-ing
and investig-ation.

The United States once 1)3- treat3- proposed to build
the canal and g-ive Nicaragua one-third the net in-
come. The concessions are now virtualls- free for
99 3-ears, as the land grants are perhaps a fair
equivalent for the stock reserved bv Costa Rica and
Nicaragi-ua. To sav nothing- of the g-reat importance
of the canal for naval and military purposes, it is as
necessary and useful to our commerce as the Mis-
sissippi river or the g-reat lakes. The interest of tlie
United States, of the world and of civilization re-
quire its prompt and immediate construction.

At present dredges and valuable machinerv are
idle, rusting- and rotting- in a trcqiical climate. Nic-
arag-ua, according to the newspapers, has alreadv
commenced suit ag-ainst the Maratime Canal Co.
for non-fulfilment of the terms of the concession,
and, no doubt, will soon declare it forfeited. It
will then, no doubt, be for sale to the highest
bidder, and the English people ma3- add it to the
Suez, or the French ma3- abandon the Panama
and build the Nicarag-ua Can<-il. In the end the
United States ma3- be willing to fight for it. or pa3-
millions for what is now urged upon them peacefulU-
and free.

The five receivers of the Union Pacific railroad
modesth- ask and are allowed 318.000 each per
annum. The President of the Canal Construction
Compan3- is said to have received a salary of 325,-
000 per 3-ear. The United States engineers receive on
an averag-e. perhaps 32.500 per year. About 310.000.-
000 are annualh- placed to their credit as individuals
without bond or security and so far a defalcation or
serious misuse has never been known. Scores of
honest, capable and faithful men will be ambitious
to serve as directors in the Nicarag-ua Canal at
34,000 per 3-ear. If a commission of business men
aided 113- tlie professional skill and knowledge of
the g-overnment en.gineers cannot build the canal
successfulp- and economicalH- there is no wa3- in
whicli it can be done. The bill is contin,gent upon
the construction of a portion of the work at the esti-
mates. NearH' all the information that is available
now was before the Senate in 1891 and can be found
condensed in Mr. Sherman's Senate report. No.
1944, second session. Fifty-first Cong-ress.

Ex-Senator Miller has often declared that the
canal companies were willing that the United States
should build and control the Nicaragua Canal, even
if the3- did not allow one dollar for the concessions.
This spirit of patriotism and disinterestedness is
truH- commendable.

In their present financial difficulties the canal
companies will no doubt willitigH- accept the tender
of this bill refunding- to them their money and in-
terest and allowing- them 31.600,000 for -their con-
cessions. Bv indorsing- bonds for the canal companv
the g-overnment assumes the same liabilit3- as in is-
suing its own bonds and the3- will not sell as well,
not being exempt from taxation. The government
has had experience in lending its credit to the
Union Pacific Railroad Co., and then not being able
to control the revenues or management of the enter-
prise. If the canal construction conipan3- can be reor-
ganized as proposed it may become a useful factor
in building the canal and make a fortune for its
stockholders in legitimate construction.

INI. H. Moore.

Dubuque, Iowa,. March 29, 1894.

Aluminum Boats.

In the test of the aluminum boats made for the use
of the IVellman arctic expedition the government
was ver3- much interested. Naval Constructor J. C.
McGuire was one of the g-overnment officials who
witnessed the test in Baltimore. The boat tested
was eig-hteen feet long-, four feet beam and two feet
deep amidships, weighing- 350 pounds, and was found
to be more stable even than was expected. The boat
was put into the water empt3- and a man tried to
capsize it 113- sitting on the .gunwale and liang-ing
outside, but it was impossible to overturn it. It was
then loaded with sand bags weighing- 3.333 pounds
and seven men weighing 1.128 pounds also got on
board, making 4,461 pounds in all. Even with this
g-reat load the boat was five and one-half inches out
of water amidships. The boat was then unloaded
and the air-tight compartments were tested b3- cap-
sizing the boat, but ir was impossible to get it more
than half full of water, as the compartments held it
so high out of the water as to act on the principle of
a self-bailer. The boat was then taken alongside
the wharf and filed with water until the gunwale
was fiush with the surface and then a man g-ot on
either end over the air-tight compartments. Still
the boat did not sink, and as soon as it was cast loose
it heeled over and emptied out one-half the water
and then rig-hted itself. The air-tight compartments
were subsequenth" tested 133' being filled with water,
and when the doors were screwed down the boat was
rolled over and the compartments were found to be
perfectU’ tight.

The Two I'v pes of ln\enlion.

There i.' in the Bi>hc qi C' jllecti' jU "i jade.' ,-indother
lu-eciou.' cut 'tmie' in New Ynrk t itN-. a earving rep-
resenting a crouching tiger iqion ,-i pede-t.-C. TIk-
beast lias glaring- eyes tliat g-ive to it aninteuselv
life like e.v])ression. These are not inserted but thei-
are cut out of the materi.-il itself. Looking- lit the
mineral in the roug-h state the artist detected two
tiigc white spots tlanked bv a patch <^f red. At once
his inventive mind was quickened. Surely these
little patches resemble the g-laring eyeballs of some
savag-e beast. The position of the spots and the
favorable disposition of tlie red color intensified the
illusion as he turned the stone from side to side.
The thing was done. It was only the work of a few
months or perhaps 3-ears to cut away the useless pim-
tions of material until the tig-er was revealed. tVe
have often read of the Grecian sculptor -who saw his
statue in the rough marble. But the statue that he
saw was the one that he painfulH- constructed fr<;m
modeling cla3- until his ideal was realized. Not so.
the Chinese carver in precious materials. He makes
no models, follows no exemplars. Seizing the tig-er
in the block with his imagination he holds him there
until ever.v superfluous grain is removed. It is true
of all savage and barbarous inventors and artists
that the3- work without patterns. The forms of
things to come, spoken of b3' ancient jihilosphers.
stood out so boldh' in their minds that there needed
to be no middle object in the shape of a model to
work b3'. This is seen in the endless variet3’ of pat-
terns created bv the American Indians and Eskimo,
in basketr3-. pottery and sculpture. Even in the
most conventional things the artists exercise a free-
dom that is remarkable.

Now we have in these two examples, the Chinese
carver, working without pattern to a pure ideal, and
the Greek sculptor working his ideal into a model of
cla3' and then imitating- it in stone, the two natural
steps in the evolution of the inventing process. The
primitive inventors simply- modified a natural object,
charred the end of a stick, pecked the surface of a
shapely- boyvlder or ground off the end of a conch to
make his Triton's horn. The second stage of the
process began yvhen his descendants constructed
upon predetermined models, the tool, or machine, or
product they needed. The one sayv the e3'es of the
invention staring at him in the stone, the other saw
the statue erected in the chambers of his imag-ina-
tion. O. T. Mason.

How an Ax is Made.

Gloyy-ing flat iron bars are withdrayvn from a fur-
nace and taken to a powerful machine, which per-
forms upon them four distinct operations, shaping
the metal to form the upper and loyver part of the ax,
then the e3'e. and finalh' doubling- the piece over so
that the yvhole can be yvelded tog-ether. Next the
iron is put in a poyverful furnace and heated to a
yvhite heat. Taken out it goes under a tilt hammer
and is welded in a second. This done, one blow from
the " drop " and the poll of the ax is completed and
firniH- yvelded. When the axesleay-es the drop there
is some superfluous metal still adhering to the edg-es
and forming yvhat is technicalH’ known as a " fin."
To get rid of the fin the ax is again heated in a fur-
nace and then taken in hand b3- asayv3'er. yvho trims
the ends and edges. The operator has a glass in
front of him to protect his e3'es from the sparks
wliich fly off' bv the hundreds as the hot metal is
pressed against the rajiidlv revolving sayv. The iron
part of the ax is now complete. The steel for the
blade, after being heated, is cut by machinery- and
shaped. It is tlien read3- for the welding- department.
A groove is cut into the edg-e of the iron, the steel of
the blade inserted, and the whole firmly- welded b3-
machine hammers. Next comes the operation of tem-
pering. The steel portion of the ax is heated b3-
being- inserted in pots of molten lead, the blade onL-
being immersed. It is then cooled b3- dipping in
yvater and goes to the hands of the inspector. An
ax is subject to rig-id tests before it is pronounced
perfect. The steel must be of the required temper,
tlie yy-eig-ht of all axes of the same size must be uni-
form. all must be g-round alike, and in y-arious other
yy-ay-s conform to an established standard. The in-
spector yvho te.sts the quality- of the steel does so by-
hammering the blade and striking- the edge to ascer-
tain yy-hether it be too brittle or not. An ax that
breaks during- the tests is throyvn aside to be made
over. Before the material of the ax is in the proper
shape it has been heated fiy-e times, including- the
tempering- process, and the ax, yy-hen completed, has
passed througli the hands of about forty- yvorkmen,
each of yvhom has done something- toyvards perfect-
ing it. After passing inspection the axes go to the
grinding- department, and from that to the polishers,
yvho finish them upon emery- yvheels.

62

TMK INVEXTIX’-E AOE.

MODERN TYPE COMPOSITION.

{ContinUi'd from fifty- sez'cntli fage.)

composition of tj'pe todaj' as they have -ever been.
Yet more than 2,000 American printers vere dis-
placed in 1893 by machine mechanisms.

This condition of affairs has been broug'ht about
by ttvo elements tvorking- in direct opposites. Each
has been aided bt’ influences of no uncertain deter-
mination of an ultimate accomplishment of positive
results. One has failed, as the tig'ures above would

"1

ASSEMBLED AND JUSTIFIED LINE, MERGENTH ALER.

indicate: the other has succeeded. The practical
printer, on the one side, aided bj’ his own and kin-
dred orj^anized associations, by apparently arbi-
trary and unflexible practices, has insj^ired publish-
ing- and em]3lo_ving printers to urge inventors and
capitalists to liurry forward the completion of some
machine that would relieve them ; and the practical
printer has considered himself perfectly secure be-
cause he deemed his calling one requiring too much
brains to be tilled bj' machinerv. It has cost mil-
lions of money to satisfy the ])rinter that he was
mistaken. The junk piles of some of the best ma-
chine shops of the countr)- have been enlarged by
costly and complicated mechanisms that have utterly
failed to solve the problem, and inventors have gone
daft and capitalists broke because of the failure.

MOLD WHEEL— MERGENTHALER SYSTEM.

Yet there have risen out of these efforts machines
that do the work, do it well and do it economicalh',
and the end in this direction is not yet. The print-
ing world ma3' be said to be just on the verge of
having its attention drawn to a number of new ma-
chines that possess the merit of simplicitj’, accuracy'
and economj' in t_vpe composition and line casting,
and speed be3'-ondthe abilit3' of average intelligence
to overcome.

It is not a nineteenth centur3’ practice to keep hu-
man hands employed in performing a task that ma-
chiner3' will just as well and much more speedilv
execute. The introduction of labor saving machin-

MELTING
POT

method of

er3' is the order of the da3’, and the rule is being ap-
plied to the printer's art, and will be more gener-
ousU" so applied in the next half decade than ever
before in the historv of the world.

The question, just what will become of the com-
positors thrown out of emplo3'ment b3' the general
introduction of these mtichines might be answered
b3' asking what has become of all the workmen em-
ploved in other industries before the3’ were dis-
placed bv labor saving machinerv.

Thev didn't jump into the sea ; but
the product of their art or industr3’
was so material^' cheapened bv the
use of machiner3' that the increased
demand made necessarv their con-
tinuous emplovment. Whether this
rule will hold good because of the
introduction of machines to de-
crease the cost and increase the
production of reading matter re-
mains to be seen.

It is not the intention of this ar-
ticle to deal technicall3' or criticalU'
with all the machines now on the
market or about to be placed u])on
it to supercede hand cf>mposition of
tvpe, but attention will be drawn to
the three most important machines
dealing with the most highlv im-
proved methods of tvpe composi-
tion.

Assuming that the art has gener-
all3" accepted a solid metal bar or
line of type as the unit of product in
tvpe composition, instead of a sin-
gle movable tvpe. the line casting machines will
be first taken up, leaving to a subsequent number
of The Ixventi\"K Agk a discussion of the tvpesetting
and tv])ecasting and setting machines combined,
for it will be noted that the field is proposed to be
invaded b3" machines which cast single movable
tvpe and set the same into justified lines, thus offer-
ing an improvment not onU’ upon the t3'pe perfect-
ing machines used 113- typefounders, but also upon
the machines which set nick-backed tvpe b3' ro-
tarv or other means : and also that the publishers
of the countr3' are promised to be (jft'ered a tvpe-
setting machine which not onlv assembles movable
tv])e into lines but at the same time automaticallv
justifies them.

Had anv other art or industr3' remained materiallv
unimproved for more than four centuries, as did the
art of t3'pe composition, and then onU^ one machine
presented that so combined former efforts in
this direction that it would actualh' perform the ex-
acting requirements demanded of the compositor,
the columns and columns of articles that would
have been published bv the press of the couiitrv
upon the meritorious features of such a machine
could scarcelv be enumerated in an ordinar3' publi-
cation. True, much has been said in public print
alxjut the various machines that have been con-
structed to displace the trained printer, but it is
equalU' true that but little has been written about
the real merit or value of these machines. Their
apparentl3’ complicated mechanisms have been re-
ferred to, and the opinion has been gingerlv ex-
pressed that thev could possibl3’ be made successful,
but in most cases the possibilitv was intimated to be
somewhat removed from the date of the original
expression. The Inve:ntive Age, therefore, feels
at least somewhat justified in referring to the real
merit and efHcienc3' of a number of the most remark-
able of these machines.

the promoters of this enterprise had confidence in
the machine to the extent that if it was not then
perfect it could be made so, and there was one great
newspaper in America that had the courage to place
a number of these machines in its composing room,
and to keep them in operation from that time to
present date. Eight 3'ears ago the New York Tri-
bune placed the first bank of Mergenthaler machines
in operation, and some of these identical ma-

COMPOSED
MATRICES

il X MOLD
E WHEEL

GAS

CASTING LINOTYPES— MERGENTHALER SYSTEM.

chines are 3'et being operated in this office, unless
receiitlv removed to give place to the latest design
of this machine : and the Louisville Courier-Jour-
nal, Cliicago Neivs and Providence Journal followed
with other Mergenthaler machines in the order
named. It is mjt presumed that all or that an3' of
these machines were operated with econom3" over
hand composition, or that their product was as sat-
isfactoiW' as movable t3'pe composed b3' hand meth-
ods. In several instances it was determined to
discontinue the use of these machines and resort to
former methods because such was not the case ; but
the machines were kept in operation and their fault3'
construction corrected, and in some cases replaced
bv others of the more modern design, in some minor

THE mergenthaler LINOTYPE MACHINE:.

When first constructed, in practically its present
form, this machine was most g-enerousL' condemned
as utterly impractical and sureh’- of doubtful com-
mercial value. The opinion was freel3' given and
liberalU" circulated that it was just simph’- impossi-
ble, through a series of mechanisms, to automati-
calL' assemble a number of intaglio tvpe, justif3"
them into a line, secure perfect alignment, then cast
a slug therefrom with t3'pe faces in relief and place
the intaglios Lack in their proper receptacles ; vet

DISTRIBUTION OF MATRICES— MERGENTHALER.

details. The general principles of operation, how-
ever, have been maintained in this machine from the
construction of the first operative one up to the
present time. The mechanism of the keyboard has
been improved and made more rapid and positive ;
the aligning devices have been strengthened and
arranged to secure satisfactory results ; the adjust-
ment of the molds has been made such that the
“linotvpes” stand true on their feet: the casting
mechanism so constructed that unless a line has

nil-: ixx^Kxi'LVK ^ok.

^>3

been perfectly assembled and alig-ned it cannot be
cast, and the method of distribution simplified and
made practically correct.

The principal features of real merit in the IMer-
genthaler Ivinotype machine, as now constructed
and operated, are the isochronism of its various
mechanisms, its remarkable speed, satisfactory re-
sult of ■ its product, and the commercial value of the
machine in practical use. The verj' fact that an
expert operator can setit himself at its keyboard and
by a simple indication of the recjuired character-keys
assemble a line of female or intag'lio type
and the machine automaticalU' justify the
same to the fixed measurement, cast a
metal slug- therefrom with the type char-
acters in relief, properl)' distribute the
intaglios back into their respective recep-
tacles and lay the metal slug down before
the operator for his inspection, and do
this and continue to do it, as has been at-
tested by frequent trials, at a speed equal
to the attained and maintained swiftness
of four of the fastest hand composition
records combined, surely establishes its
isochronal qualities and fixes them be-
yond dispute. Its keyboard mechanism
is so constructed and can be operated, as
almost any practical engineer will attest
upon examination, at a rate of speed
equal to, if not greater, than ten thousand
ems of composed matter per hour ; and
therefore, its speed possibilities must be
recognized as being beyond the ability of
the average operator to overcome. The
fact that about one hundred and fifty
printing offices, including many of
the largest and leading daily papers of
the country, have adopted and are using
the machine, is sufficient evidence that
its results are satisfactory ; and, in addi-
tion, the attests from publishers and
others that they are operating the nia-
chines at a saving- ranging" from 2.5 to 40
per cent over hand composition, would
indicate that it surely possesses commer-
cial value. Thus the opinion of the ex-
perts who, but a few years ag'o, con-
demned this machine because they con-
sidered it impractical and of doubtful
commercial value, is not to be compared
with present conditions of fact. The typographical
appearance of the Washington Xrf;', New York Her-
ald, Detroit Free Press and other newspapers now
using Merg-enthaler machines, and combining'- the
linotypes with that popular face of movable type
known as l)e Vinne and open De Vinne, which har-
monizes with the somewhat open automatic machine
spacing-, must be recognized by criticising publish-
ers and practical printers as worthy t)f their admir-
ation as newspapers modern in every respect and
satisfactory in every detail.

Some of the speed records made by expert opera-
tors on Mergenthaler machines would seem almost

Such phenomenal records of attained and main-
tained speed may stand for years unapproached,
yet the statement of puplishers now using'- this class
of machines for type composition would indicate
that the machines were being handled by averag-e
operators at the rate of about 4,50() ems per hour,
and that such composition was being done at a cost
of twelve to fifteen cents per thousand ems.

TIIK KOGlvKS TYPOGR.VPII JIACHIXlv.

The machine illustrated with this article is the
original Rogers machine only in the methods of

.METHOD OF ASSEMHLING CAMEO TYPE ROGERS SYSTEM.

A LINOTYPE—MERGENTHALER SYSTEM,
incredulous to the ordinary printer. The fact re-
mains, however, that such expert operators as
Reilly, Smith and McCarty (the latter in charge of
the machines at the World’s Fair), have given re-
peated exhibitions of their ability to surpass all
expectations as to machine composition. The aston-
ishing record of L,ee Reilly — 411,200 ems in six days
of eight hours each — is said to have been recently
eclipsed by F. J. Smith in Denver : the latter com-
posing 432,000 ems of nonpareil in four days of nine
hours each. Smith worked from the hook, corrected
his matter and kept his machine in running'- order.
The matter was leaded, but making full allowance
for this fact, the machine was surely run at a rate
of speed equal to 10,000 ems of solid matter per hour.

assembling- and distributing the type and justifyitig-
the lines. The first operative Rogers machine car-
ried intaglio type, as does the Mergenthaler ma-
chine, but a decision of the courts in favor of the
Mergenthaler company enjoined the Rog-ers com-
pany from using'- female or intag-lio type as then
assembled and justified in the production of a metal
bar with ty])e faces thereon, and the Rogers com-
pany then adapted to their machine the Shuckers
plan of male or cameo type. So the present Rogers
Tvpograph machine contains male type. These are
assembled as were the females, the line is then
justified by expansionable wedg-es, the type im-
pressed into a small bar of lead, and the
bars placed in rotation on a receiving
galley. There is no casting apparatus in
connection with this style of machine.
This feature of the work is performed by
atiother machine, which is usually located
outside the composing room. The small
lead bars containing the impressed lines
are passed through a machine somewhat similar to
that employed by type founders, and metal slugs or
linotypes is the product, ready for the form as would
be solid lines of type. Mr. Rog'-ers, the original in-
ventor of this machine, has considerably bettered
the male process product b)' obtaining- more nearly
the fullness of the original type. The process as
now followed has had the benefit of modern methods
in the production of steel male type by the Benton
punch cutting machine, and the best practices in
use in rapid type casting so far as they could be
advantag-eously applied to tJiis machine and its
methods.

Several well managed newspapers have introduced
this machine into their composing rooms with a

marked degree of succc.-.s commercially 'p<-.-i.kin^ .
and the machine has much to rei-omniend il in i".-
general simplicity of construction and operation.
An advantage may ju.stly be (,-l;iimcd f.,r it in 'the
removal (jf the heat incident to melting the- ire f.-i!
to cast the lines at the moment they arc assembi. • :
in the positive accuracy of its distribution, and the
slight e.xpeuse required to keep it in (-ontinuoiis oji-
eration. It is not susceptible of being- oper.-itedat
a rate of speed equal to either the Mergenthaler m-
or Monolinc machines. This is self-evident from
the fact that v-hen the operator assembles
a line he must impress it into the
small lead bar and then ti]) up the ma-
chine to permit the type to slide back to
their former ])o.sitions before beg'-inning
a new line. Anyone versed in tyjjefound-
ing- or the best stereotyping jwactice.s will
understand that the |jroduct of this ma-
chine could not be expected to reach the
standard obtained in machines where
hard metal matrices are used. The mat-
ri.x material must be siTter, and consid-
erably so, than is the metal of which the
male type are made. These soft matrix
bars are subjected to the molten metal un-
der pressure, and in a posititm removed
from the one in which the impression was
orig-inally made. It naturally follows
that the soft metal in the matrix material
will not g-ive as g-ood type faces as if the
matrix was of hard metal, and the align-
ment cannot be so well ])re.served as if the
cast was taken in the originally assem-
Ided position ; yet on the other hand
these machines appear to be g-iving sat-
isfaction as they are continued in use
whereever introduced. Inventive g-enius
is not dead and this system of producing'-
linotypes may yet be imjjroved to meet
the full requirements of the art. These
machines can certainly be operated m-uch
more economically than any other similar
one now on the market, and their original
cost and installation should come within
moderation to publishers, althoug'-h the
machine does not possess that very desir-
able feature to be found both in the Mer-
g-enthaler and Monoline machines which
consists in the last type being used be-
fore the first In-ought into action can again come
into operc tion, thus insuring- very even wear of
type or matrices.

'i'Hl-; MONOTJNE COMPO.STXG M.XCHIN}-:.

This machine offers exceedingly simple and easily
operated mechanisms to assemble and justify in-
taglio ty])e and cast metal bars with type faces in
relief therefrom. It embodies the much soug'-ht for
features in this direction — that is. a machine which,
in its construction eind operation, comes within the
comprehension of the averag-e person, is substantial,
does not re-

sSSatSs.'S;. -Si k? 3.v5,-^

quire the
presence of
a n expert
m e chanic,
and is mod-
e r a t e in
cost. The
extreme
novelty of
this 111 a-
chine
111 o s t a p-

parent in the compound matrix bar and the system
of distribution. The matrix bar, shown elsewhere
in this article, has been increased twice the working
size in order to give a comprehensive view of both
its front and back. The hooks on the ends of the
bars are employed to secure distribution and the
slots in the backs to determine alignment. It is the
application of this compound matrix bar with par-
allel sides that has enabled the inventor of the Mon-
oline machine, Mr. W. S. Scudder, to construct a
very simple and readily understood and operated

SERIES OF .ASSEMBLED LINOTYPES—
M E R G E N T H A L E R SYS T EM.

^>4

TMB I XV]

VE AGE.

/

rc. 5 5 1 o tv

machine, and his method of distribution is abso-
lutelj' positive. The iMonoline machine is about 3
feet hig'h on the averag-e and 3 feet 6 inches high
where the magazine sits. It is 3 feet 8 inches long
and 3 feet wide, and stands ujton three legs. A
small magazine with eight channels occu-
pies a forward central position on the top
of the machine. This magazine will hold
800 matrix bars, or 9,000 intaglio charac-
ters, and the first matrix bar drawn from
the magazine cannot again be used i n':il
every succeeding one has left its channel.

Ily this method all the bars are g-iven an
even wear. The keyboard is similar to
that of the modern typewriter, and the
actuation of the keys releases the desired
bars, and as they droj) from tlie magazine
they are engag-edby stop levers contr(jlled
by the keys which sto]) the bars to bring-
tlie intag-lio character into pro])er p(.)sition
with the preceding'- or succeeding- one in
the line, and each is successively pushed
onto an alig-ning bar. The spacers are
dropped into pcjsition as are the matrix
bars, and when the line is full compres-
sion expands the ])arallel sides of the
spacers and justifies the line, which is
then carried fcmward on the same jilane of
travel to the mold and casting pot. The
line being cast, the mold carries the metal
slug along on the same plane and deposits
it on the g-alley. and the line of intagli'js
starts back toward the assembling point,
and when alx.mt midway between the lat-
ter point, and where the cast was made, a
set of small steel rods engage the hook
shaped ends of the bars and lifts them up
to the top of the magazine and a slide
])late pushes them off into the channels of
the mag'-azine, the mperator being- at lib-
erty to begin assembling a new line the
iiKjment he iimves the lever which causes
the first assembled line to pass away from
the assemlding point. All the functions

3 feet 8 inches brings all its operations, the key-
board, the assembled line and the finished product
within reach of the operator.

The speed of this machine, like that of the ISIer-
g'-enthaler, is limited only to the speed of the opera-

MKTHOK of IilSTRIi:UTlX(; male TYPE— ROCEKS syste
tor. The number of wtirking mechanisms in the
the Monoline machine is about (.me-fourth the num-
ber of i)arts used by the Mergenthaler system. The
application (if a compound matrix bar with parallel
sides has enabled the inventor to construct a practi-
cal and o])erative machine with a very limited num-
ber of working- jiarts. Having twelve different
characters (in each bar reduces the number of work-
ing- mechanisms, chantiels and size of magazine.
The bars take up space in the magazine according- to

chanism is adjusted to 10,000 ems p;r hour and the
casting device to five lines per minute. The ma-
chine requires about one-tenth of 1-hors; power to
operate it. The keyboard is interchangeable, the
fonts of type quicklj- changed and convenient ar-
rangement provided for
using obscure charac-
ters. The product of
this machine shows
deep relief between
words and sentences, to
(jbviate routing in stere-
otyping process and
smutting in press work.

The Monoline com-
pany has encountered
considerable difficulty in
the production of per-
fect comp(jund matrix
bars. The same degree
of perfection now ob-
tained in single matrix
bars, such as used in
the Mergenthaler and
formerly in the Rogers
machine, W(juld not
g-ive satisfaction in the
Monoline macliine. Sin-
gle machine matrix bars
are made by impressing
steel type juuiclies int(j
strips t)f commercial
brass. The most ac-
curate machinery (jb-
tainable is employed in
this work, yet with all
the care and the intr(j-
duction of the nujst
scientific jiractices the
intaglios in these bars
vary from one-thou-
sandths to three-thou-
sandths of an inch in
depth. When they are
assembled into lines these varia-
tions are not removed, and as a
C(jnsequence the type bars have
faces (.m them which vary just
this much in relative height. In
(jther words the tyjje on the bars
are m^it “ height t(j paper,” a per.
fection in the relative heig-ht of
movable t3'pe which alone gives
satisfactorv book printing. The
product of line casting machines has been suffic-
ientlv satisfactory', however, to meet newspaper and
rotary printing- machine requirements. In the man-

M.

Mciiioliiie C'oniiiouiid
.-Uatrix Bur. Double
Working Size.

ALLKiNIKii TYPE AND TAKINU;

ERS SYSTEM.

IMPRESSION— ROE-

of the machine are absolutely automatic except the
indication of the required keys on the keyboard, and
each movement successively' and harmoniously' fol-
lows the others throughout the entire operations of
the machine. The length of tlie machine being- but

their thickness, and each bar is only' as thick as
one single ty'pe. That is the thinest bars, containing-
the points of punctuation, are about two, and the
thickest bars, containing such letters as capital M.
W. etc., about seven points in thickness. Thus the
large number of bars is contained in a small space.

There are three of these machines now in opera-
tion— one in Chicago and two are employ'ed in daily'
work on the ^Montreal J^/crald. Several tests with
familiarized sentences have been made upon the
machine with the result that one operator, after but
a few weeks' practice, has been able to assemble and
have the machine cast lines at the rate of something
more than 7,(101) ems per hour. The assembling me-

ufacture of couqiound matrix
bars for the Monline machine
there was naturally this ob-
stacle to meet and overcome,
and there was also great diffi-
culty' experienced in getting-
the intaglios in the correct
position, one as to the other,
in order that perfect align-
ment of characters would
prevail.

All these difficulties have
been overcome in a new me-
thod for producing sing-le and
compound matrix bars, devel-
oped by' the Monoline Com-
posing Company. In a recent
test of a number of matrix
bars manufactured by' this
new process the most satis-
factory results were obtained.
This test was made to deter-

Bar, Con*

JIoLoline Spacin’

tracted ancl Expanded.

mine three essential features in perfect matrix bars,
namely : to bring the intaglios near enough together
to give the product the appearance, when desired, of
actual movable ty'pe, something not previously
accomplished ; absolute even depth of intaglios, that
the relief tvpe on the metal slug or bar would all be
of the same heig-ht, and, therefore, meet the require-

TI-IH IXV]

ments in all class of printing-, and not be confined,
practicallj', to newspaper work, as hitherto : and
perfect alig-nment of characters— three important
and g-reatl3' to be desired features not prevailing- in
matrix bars made bj- meth-
ods now practiced in their
manufacture. The mem-
bers of the Monoline corn-
pan)' having- this matter in
charg-e were satisfied in
advance that the process
proposed was the solution
of the previous apparently
unsuruiountable difficulty,
but in order to test the me-
thod beyond any question
of doubt a number of the
most difficult type charac-
ters to reproduce were cut
and a series of matrix bars
made by the new method.

The type faces might just
as well have been of any
desired font. It happened
that the gentleman in
charge of the work brought
forth a seven-point letter,
and some of the metal
slugs or linotypes made at
the test are reproduced in
this article just as they
come from the machine,
and the printing world can
judge of the value of the
invention. It would ap-
pear to at once adapt line
casting machines to the
exacting requirements of
book printing, because
with even depth of intag-
lios or height of relief
characters and perfect

MOXOLIXE SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTIOX.

alignment of type the connection between a perfect
and an imperfect product in line casting machines
has been made, and the Monoline machine placed in
a very enviable position so far as its product is con-
cerned. The number of characters cut and bars

for t lie Work l' . b ; r : ■ -■ ■ b , • lie . - o , om-

The manijjir.it ion oi - ' n . ,;i r, - .t

tute comjdni o n 1 1,, Ji Ji, , ; ij . , , , . . . , o . ' n. ,

Efficicnc) in .'e.-iti ri- ’ e -rt

acquired liv n'm >-■. nn-- nn- w i, . ■! i n . -

to learn the )■ ; .1 > ,n , .t t' !■ = o r he , ; .ni nr: -

tice for >pLcd in . hi - one b ■ , e . j.yn, -- ^

0 ' rr , ; . e 111 m 1 h ■ ■
1) ]:e ■ ■ mi n i< ion : . v . - n _
in a tlinroun Id) l.u.o, _

01 thn ma,:iin;n m-n i. .in-
i'.m.-'i.r meLi:' !’' of I’lejr
■ ni. - i nc-nt .-1 nd 0;,' ra' 'on ,
;iml 'll. fa ui 1 jarit v of -he-
keyboard a- wii! jjermif

-10 con-.:ii-.-:ou.' a u .11 |i lU

o-t iiie ch.arac i-i-r.-. ko)-- in
])erfi-.-t harmonv wi-.l ad
tl'.e otl'.er working jiari - of
tlie mach.ine. ( i-icraior-,
v.-hi. have made jilicnouii-
nai speed record' are men
who have first studied the
luarhine and the methods
of its operation and con-
trol. and are not that class
who have presumed that
,'i mere knowledg-e of the
keyboard fitted them for
the task. tsuch operators
have thus been enabled to
keep their machines in con-
tinuous operation, while
the --keyboard expert”
has been compelled to sit
idly .about waiting- the
services of the expert ma-
chinist. Like the swift
compositor who sets a long-
string of matter the last
three days of one week
and doesn't set any more
for another full week,
when compared with the
steady compositor : he is
simply not in it.

A source of great an-
noyance to the firstclass
printer has been the large
composing, and. in some

snowixG assembled lixe.— moxolixe.

instances, composing and printing- establishments
combined, which have g-rown up in small towns con-
tig-uous to larg-e cities. In these establishments
type has been composed at such ridiculously low
figures that the journeyman printer has had fre-

produced by this new method was only enoug-h to
test the accuracy of the work and not of sufficient
extent to do any amount of composition. Mo par-
ticular care was exercised in cuttingi- the original

MOXOLIXE COMPOSIXG MACHIXE.
characters, the effort being practically confined
to determining- the success or failure (jf a pro-
posed method of automatically producing sin-
gle or compound matrix bars. The bars here-
with used in this article were not selected with
a view to g-etting'- perfect ones, but were taken
a.t random from the whole tiumber cast as they
lay upon the receiving galley on the machine.
Proofs were taken of a larg-e number of the
slug-s cast from this new style of matrix bar.
boti; on an ordinary proof press and also on a
platen press, and the whole sliowed a uniform-
ity not hitherto approached by line casting-
methods.

Tlie following- lines are printed from metal
-slug-s ca.st in the Monoline machine from matrix
bars made by the new process refered to:

Unhorse a man near his home. Hamlet
sejures him near Montramp. Ramplamp

Unhorse a man near his home. Hamlet
sei-urcs him near Montramp. Ramplamp

Unhorse a man near his home. Hamlet
se:ures him near Montramp. Ramplamp

Moroline men c-erators snap.

Barremorr R H R Harnshoppar
hi. noline men operators snap.

Barremorr R H R Harnshoppar
Monoline men operators snap.

Barremorr R H R Harnshoppar
Printers who now close their eyes to the possi-
bilities of machines constructed to do type com-
poosition make a mistake. The art is not lost by
any means. Trained compositors are the best fitted
persons to operate such machines efficiently and
profitably, both to themselves and publishers. The
requirements of type composition are too exacting

66

THE IHVEETIVE AGE

queut caiise to wonder if his calling- was realU' an
art. While the cost of literal setting of type has
been maintained at the minimum in such places as
referred to, the total expense per thousand ems when
imposed ready for the press has only been suffi-
cienth' below union scale to give a small profit. It
is learned from reliable resources that the proprie-
tors of these composing- offices, in many instances,
are arranging- to put in line casting or typesetting
machines, not particularly because the chang-e will
reduce the actual expense of comjjosition, but for
the reason that the hig-h speed of such machines
will liold the cost of production at present rates and
permit the employment of first class printers as ma-
chine operators. This should have a tendency to
place a iiuniber of offices under control of the union
which are now considered
unfair establishments, and if
not made complete union
offices to give enqjloyment to
skilled printers.

In view of the condition
now presenting- itself to com-
positors it would seem that
the i^roper course for them to
pursue is to individually
thoroughly familiarize tliem-
selves with the mechanisms of
all the machines now offered
or proposing to be offered bj-
manufacturers to ^mblisliing
and master printers. And
particularl3' would it appear
that this was the correct
course to pursue where
compositors learn in advance
that it is the purpose

CKsar never knew. If Ceesar were alive now, and
knew no more than he knew- at the time he lived, lie
would probably not be called ver^- great. The ignor-
ance of his age entailed limitations upon the man.

Eugene E. Arnott.

A New Germ Proof Building.

Dr. W. Vander Haj'den, of Yokohama, Japan, has
invented a g-erm proof dwelling- house which is said
to be remarkable, not onE- because of its aseptic
qualities but for the reason that it is constructed of
materials that make it applicable to an^- climate,
whether tropical or arctic. The buildiug is both air
and water tight and as near disease proof as anv
building has vet been made. Its antiseptic condi-
tion is such that anj- disease producing germ would
immediatelv die even should one accidentallv find

through Gotten batting so as to deprive it of an^-
microbes or other disease germs it might contain.
After being used it escapes from the house through
valves fixed in the walls and ceilings for that pur-
pose. The heat is also brought to the house from the
outside through pipes running to open flues in the
rooms, and as it passes awaj' through these a draft
is created which assists in ventilating- the rooms.
The whole limits of the building are made as aseptic
as a wound dressing- of Eister.

Property in Lands and Inventions==Title by
Occupancy.

When Noah first stepped from the Ark (at the Mt.
Araat landing), there was no one to dispute his title
to anj’ part of the earth. He mig-ht gonortli, south,
east, west, settle where he would, it was all right.

There was no one to order
him awa}-, no one to dispute
his title, no one to bring suit
against him. All property- in
land, Blackstone tells us, is
first and originallj' obtained
bj' act of occupancA'.

And so it is at the i^resent
time. The discoverer of a
new island or continent maj"
take i^ossession of it in the
name of his conntrj'. The cit-
izen nuiA’ g-ain a title to unoc-
cupied governmental lands b}'
simpl)’ living thereon, under
the homestead law.

When title is once obtained
it niav of course be trans-
ferred to a purchaser, or
vested in heirs or assigns.
It can never again be home-

SPAC

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0000000C
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0000000

0000000

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 «
§10000000
00000000
100000000

o f t ]i e i r emploj-ers t o

install some certain stvle of machine. Thej' would
thus be equipped in advance to meet the radical
chang-e about to come over their dailv life. No bet-
ter wav to acciuire this knowledg-e can be sugg-ested
than ajjplication direct to The Inventive Age for
copies of the patent office drawings and sjiecifica-
tions of the various or individual linotj’pe and type-
setting machines. These will be supplied at a nom-
inal cost, as reference to another column will indi-
cate; althoug-h manufacturers of these machines
have, or no doubt will have, illustrated catalogues
full_y setting- forth their machines in detail, and will
furnish these on request.

Limitations of Julius Ciesar.

klEKGENTHAEEK KEYBOARD,
its waj' into the structure. The inventor has been
living in one of his pure air, non-disease producing
homes for one year and has just given the results of
this test to the world.

Glass is the chief article of construction. The walls
are of a series of glass boxes filled with a solution of
alum. These boxes are formed of two panes of glass
each four-tenths of an inch in thickness. The glass
is fixed in iron frames screwed together. The whole
is so constructed that the building will resist the in-
fluence of heat, cold, shocks and earthquakes.
Between the joints of the iron framework felt is

steaded, because it will never
ag-ain be new or unoccupied.

Now, the inventor maj- discover a new or unoccu-
pied territorj' in the field of mechanical thought.
He enters into and occupies this territorjq so to
speak, accuratel)" describing its boundaries in his
patent specification, and the government grants a
valid title thereto. He maj' have near neighbors,
other inventors maj- have discovered similar princi-
ples, entertained similar conceptions, or patented
similar combinations, but he himself was the first of
all to enter this particular domain, and his title or
claim covers all that is strictE' new. He is entitled
to protection in his propertj- just as trulj- as the

Julius Ccesar was considered a great man; and so
he was. But he had his limitations. We nun- g-ive
a few illustrations. He never rode on a street-car in
his life. He never spoke in a telephone. He never
sent a telegram. He never boarded a railroad train.
He never read a newspaper. He never viewed his
troops through a field g-lass. He never read an ad-
vertisement. He never used patent medicine. He
never cornered the wheat market. He never crossed

inserted and tlien tlie space is
covered with boards. The roof is
flat and is supported bj-- cast-iron
pillars. It, too, is glass, with strips
of rubber covering the joints. Over
the g-lass is spread a thin laj-er of
ashes, and upon this is placed a light
wooden frame which is covered

©,

©

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iV)e u>rkJ>

'©

ROGERS KEYBOARD.

with cement to
protect the in-
terior from the
radiation of
heat. Tlie build-

the Atlantic. He never looked through a telescope.
He never was in a machine shop. He never went to
a roller-skate rink. He never controlled a manu-
facturing establishment. He never was a member
of a stock company. He never dictated a letter to a
tj'pe-writer g-irl. He never invested in railroad
stock. He never played a game of seven-up. He
never chewed tobacco. He never smoked a cigar.
He never saw an electric light. He never listened
to a phonograph. He never mailed a letter. He
never had his picture taken. And he never was in
Chicago.

Then what did Ciesar do ? Oh, he was a great
man, to be sure. He was a great general. But
man5' of our school boj's know things which Julius

inghas outer and inner walls, with a space between
affording- air passages to neutralize all atmospheric
influences without. No doors or widows appear in the
building- proper. The superstructure is placed on a
foundation of brick, the walls of which inclose a sort
of basement, and it is through this basement that in-
gress and egress to and from the residence portion
are obtained. The building is heated and ventilated
on the most scientific principles. Pure air is secured
from the ujiper atmosphere and convej-ed to the
interior of the building through pipes, after it has
been screened through fine wire netting and filtered

man who has homesteaded or preempted a farm in
Kansas. E. E- Arnott.

The Cox Duplex Printing Press.

The Cox duplex printing press, that press which
gives high speed and perfected newspapers without
the intervention of stereot^-ping- processes and the
expense incident thereto, is more than ever attracting
the attention of wide-awake managers of publica-
tions requiring a deliver3' of 4, .500 to 5,000 printed
and folded papers per hour since the exhibition of
this press at the World's Fair. The Cox duplex
possesses the merit of high speed from flat t3-pe forms,
and not onl3' prints fast but avoids the necessit3' of
stereotype plates and the time required to make
them, and both of these are features in the days of
modern printing offices and fast mails.

To complete its files the Inventive Age desires a
cop3' of March 10, 1891 (Vol. 3, No. 55). An3-one for-
warding the same to us at once will be suitabE' re-
warded.

THK INVENTIVE AQE

Shall the Rule Be Reversed?

It is whispered that the Commissioner of Patents
will hereafter refuse to issue patents in cases where
the novelty is limited or its originality is a matter
of doubt. The old policj' was to issue patents in all
instances where a substantial doubt prevailed. In
a late paper on this subject Philip Mauro says that
the main question is whether the Patent Office has
been too lavish in issuing patents, and if so, what
have been the evils springing from its undue liber-
ality in the premises. The writer thinks that there
has been no undue liberality : that the work of the
patent examiners has been characterized bj' fairness
as a rule, with rather a leaning toward illiberality,
if any criticism can be made at all. This illiberality
can be traced to the courts that have rendered decis-
ions against certain i^atents, but it would strike the
average mind that expert patent examiners are much
more competent to pass upon the merits of an inven-
tion than Federal judges or others who have not
made the matter a special study.

The fact is, however, that there being ver5" few de-
cisions of the examiners that have been reversed by
the courts, and certainly not a sufficient number to
justify the proposed action of the Commissioner,
the step would be calculated to suppress what might
be a meritorious invention, and thereby deprive the
world of a real benefit.

Mr. Mauro comments seriously on the projected
reversal of a rule that has saved many a valuable in-
vention from being hurried in the Patent Office. He
also condemns “ the tendenc3' to trim down each pat-
ent to its narrowest dimensions.” The inventor
should secure the fullest recognition of his rights,
even when his invention maj' be trivial in its char-
acter, for it is through small improvements that
great results are finally brought to pass. It is the
dutv of the Patent Office to decide the “ noveltj' and
utility of claims,” and not whetlier there has been
an exercise of what is called the “ inventive faculty'.”
He speaks highh' of the care expended b^' the Pat-
ent Office in investigating whether an article offered
for patent is old and already" patented, for inventors
are thereby frequenth' saved a waste of time, labor
and money, with onh' the reward of certain disap-
pointment in the end.

Mr. Mauro is a keen, terse, vigorous writer, and
in this, his latest monograph he presents the casein
behalf of inventors in a wa^' that will undoubledh'
be highlj' beneficial to the fraternit3' for which he
speaks.

Fastest Boat in The World.

The fastest vessel in the world is tindoubtedlv the new Eng-
lish torpedo destro.ver Hornet. The official trial of the new
boat showed that her speed exceeded lwent3'-eiffht knots an
hour. The Hornet is one of more than thirtv vessels of a simi-
lar type ordered by the Enirlish ^'•overnment. The Havock and
Hornet are built exactly alike in every detail except theirboilers.

The disadvantag’e under wliich'ordinary first-class torpedo
boats labor is their loss <'f speed in a heavy sea. These larjrer
and more powerful craft were constructed after the torpedo
type for the purposeof overhauling-thetorpedo boats in astorm.

The Hornet is a twin-screw boat. 180 feet long- and 18 feet and
() inches beam. The propellors are three-bladed. The eng-ines
are of the tri-compound tvpe, having- cylinders 18 inches. 26
inches, and 30E inches in diameter by IS in stroke.

The two sets of inverted triple-expansion eng-ines are capable
of developing- collectivel.v 3.600 horse power, each set of engines
driving a screw. There are two surface condensers, two centri-
fugal pumps and engines for driving them, fan engines, steam
bilge pump, evaporator and distiller air compressing engines
and eng-ine dynamo for the search light, and the engine for
steering the boat.

The armament consists of an 18-inch bow torpedo tube for fir-
ing directly ahead and two 18-inch swivel torpedo tubes for side
firing, placed on the turntable aft. On the forward conning
lower, well elevated dbove the water line, is a 12-pound quick-
firing gun. There are two 6-pound quick-firing guns, one on
each side, and a 6-pounder placed on a high stand nearthe stern.
There is a water-tight flat, or lower deck, just above the water
line, from the stem to the forward stoke hold, adding greatly to
the safety of the boat in case of collision. The coal carrying
capacity is sixty tons. The supply is believed to besufficent for
a run of 4.000 miles at a ten-knot speed. The complement of
officers and men is forty-two. The Havock is reported to have
made the marvelous average speed of 30 miles an hour on a run
of 100 miles.

National Electric Light Association.

The National Convention of the Electric Eight Association,
lately held in this city, was b.v far the most signally successful
that has crowned its career.

It was a marked characteristic of the body that the attend-
ance was large throughout each session, notwithstanding the
mail}' attractions of the city that usually call visiting delegates
awa3' from their dut^*.

The convention was as fine a looking body as ever convened
in the capital.

The convention dealt in facts and figures, from first to finish,
with a brace of breaks, one of which was a basket of radiant
roses, sent in by the wives, sisters and sweethearts of the mem-
bers, and the other «'as a series of stereoptic views of the World's
Fair, by Messrs. Martin & Stieringer. The pictures were bright
miracles of beaut.v, calling the wonderful White City into life
and light once more.

Chairman Hammer, of the Committee on Rules for Safe
Wiring, submitted a series of additions and amendments to the
code, thaf^ouglit to be in the hands of every architect.

Messrs. Stanley & Harrington presented a ver.v valuable
paper, on Defective Safet.v Fuses, and during the contention that
followed, Capt. Bropli^’ said that fuses are a broken reed on
which to lean.*’ Magnetic cut-outs -u'ere also seriousl.v criticised.

Mr. Vail had some brilliant things to sa3' on the importance
of complete metallic circuits for electric railways, and this
.started a brisk discussion in regard to the electrolj’tic tendencies

of street railway ground currents — their danger being vividly
pointed out hy Messrs. Carpenter, Smith, Burleigh, Cuttriss,
Broph^’, Law and others.

The best way of rating arc lamps drew out a variety of
opinions from Profs. Mendenhall, Forbes, Anthon3’, and other
experts. The result was the passage of a resolution declaring
that the 2,0U0-candle power arc lamp in general use is one re-
quiring an average current of 450 watts. This was evidentl\’ a
step in the right direction ; but inasmuch as it was unanimously
admitted that the alleged 2,000-candle power seldom gives a
light of more than 500-candle power, it scent'd a good deal like
opening the wa.v for the coal combine to resolve that the stand-
ard ton of coal shall weigh 500 pounds.

In a talk over meters vs. flat rates, it was generally’ conceded
that there is need for better meters than any that have thus far
been invented.

Prof. Mendenhall suggested the co-operation of the Associa-
tion on a ver\' important point, that of securing Congressional
action to legalize the seven electrial units adopted by the Elec-
trical Congress held in Chicago while the World’s Fair was in
progress.

The convention throughout was marked with great good feel-
ing, was intensel.v interesting, and we dare sa}' will prove pro-
ductive of liberal and lasting results.

The following officers for the ensuing year were elected:

President — M. J. Francisco, Rutland, Vt.

First Vice-President — C. H. Wilmerding, Chicago, 111.

Second Vice-President — Frederic Nichols, Toronto, Out.

Executive Committee — Chas. R. Huntley, Buifalo, N. Y.; A. J.
Markel, Hazleton, Pa.; W. W. Carnes, Memphis, Tenn.

Notes of the Great Exposition.

The volume of mail passing' from the bureau of
awards, now located in this city, would indicate that
thousands of official copies of awards were being
sent forth to exhibitors.

A miscellaneous lot of articles, including wines
from France, bamboo from Java, fish from Norwa3q
statuar3' from ItaU’, sedan chairs from Turke3% etc.,
were recently picked up b3' relic hunters at a sale at
the grounds.

It is estimated that $7,000,000 was paid to Midway
attractions, over 1,600 foreigners being employed as
salesmen and musicions. The largest importers were
the Turkish village people, with the Irish Industrial
Association second.

About three and one-half million unsold admission
tickets to the Fair were recentU’ sold in Chicago,
bringing $11,000. The3' will be resold as sovenirs.
There are eleven different st3des of these tickets, and
the price paid by the speculator approximated the
original cost.

The 852 international judges of awards made over
250,000 examinations of articles entered for award.
The articles were presented by 65,400 exhibitors.
The number of awards bestowed aggregated 23,757,
or 36 per cent, the smallest per cent in , the histoiw'
of an3' national exhibition.

Persons who purchased stock at a time when it
was necessar3' to raise mone3^ to make the exhibition
a success will have $1,200,000 divided among them,
this being the surplus after all obligations have been
paid. Tlie pa3nnent, which will soon be made,
will amount to about 13 per cent of the subscriptions.

The South Park Commissioners, who now own the
World’s Fair buildings, have been offered $15,025 for
the agricultural, transportation, electricit3q mines
and mining' building's and machiner3' hall. Dion
Geraldine, who superintended the construction of all
the’ main building's, has offered $10,000 for the manu-
factiirer's building. One wrecking conipan3' has
tendered $15,601 for twent3’' of the buildings.

The first controller of the treasur3' has decided
that the executive committee of the World’s Colum-
bian Commission is not authorized to pa3" Prof. O.
V. Tousle3’, national commissioner for Minnesota,
$5,000 per 3"ear to compile the histor3' of the great
Fair. He also holds that the resolution of the same
committee reducing salaries of emplo3'es of the
bureau of awards is binding on the bureau.

The hundreds of umbrellas, liandbags, wraps,
coats, jeweler3", etc., left about 133'- careless visitors,
and picked and taken to the “ lost and found ” de-
partment, will soon be sold to the hig'hest bidder.
This courious collection, mixed up with plug hats
and false teeth, together with unremovecl exhibits
of foreig'iiers, who preferred to leave the latter
rather than pa3' the dut3q will be offered at the same
sale.

The 25,000 persons who paid 10 cents each to kiss
the stone in Blarne3' Castle on the Midwa3' Plaisance,
World’s F air, will no doubt be amused when informed
that the rock was not brought from Ireland at all,
but was simpH' a piece of lime stone taken from one
of the streets of Chicag'o. This fact has been un-
earthed by treasur3' officials in checking up the re-
turn customs dut3' on Countess Aberdeen’s Irsh
village.

Augustus St. Gaudeus, the designer of the Colum-
bian medal, has submitted two modifications of the
original design to the Secretary of the Treasury. This
is in keeping with the desire that the male figure
typifying America be relieved somewhat of its nudity.
One of the new designs secures this effect by a shield
in the hands of the figure ; the other by a ribbon held
by the 3'outh. The members of the quadro-centeuuial
committee of the Senate who have examined the new
designs find the same objections as they did to the
original. The matter is entirely in the hands of the
Secretary of the Treasury and ye has not y^et given
the subject consideration.

Patent Decisions and .Notes.

In the case of Harry H. Jones, who applied f.jr a
mandamus to compel the Comniirisioncr of I'atems to
issue him letters patent in two cases for iui’no'. eUienl
in belt fastenings, Judge Bradley, in Ciiaii:'. C'.-::'.
rendered a decision dismissing the ijctition. fff o! o':;.e
that the Commissioner had acted witliin the di^ormio';
and authority possessed by him under th - la'.v. a:;<l
that, therefore, the petitioner had ample redre-^
through an appeal to the Court of Apjjeals. The cases
involved the right of a Commissioner to re\'er:,e the
decisions of his predecessor as to patents already
granted and in the process of examination.

Attorney' General Olney has rendered an opinion to
the effect that the international copyright act of hlarch
3, 1891, does not prohibit the inqiortation of uucopy-
righted lithographs, although these lithographs may
be copies of copyright paintings.

Attorney General Olney recommends against recent
propositions that Congress direct the Commissioner of
Patents to investigate the Berliner telephone patents,
as precisely' the same investigation is now going on
in the suit of the United .States vs. the American Bell
Telephone Company.

The following is the sy'llabus of decision in case
of Myer vs. Dr. B. F. Bull Vegetable Medicine Com-
pany, U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals, Seventh District,
appeal from the U, S. Circuit Court, for the Eastern
District of Wisconsin :

Decision of the court that descriptive words, like
“Cough Syrup” can not be appropriated as trade-
marks. Nevertheless they may be used for the pur-
pose of perpetrating a fraud which affects the public,
and in which cases a court will, as against the fraudu-
lent party, afford relief to the party injured. Upon
the question of the right to use one’s own name in
trade the court holds that while this can not be
denied in connection with his business or in the sale
of articles of his own production, so as to show the
business or the produst to be his, yet he is not allowed
to designate his article by his own name in such a way'
as to cause it to be mistaken for the manufacture or
the goods of another already on the market under the
same or a similar name.

The following is the syllabus in the case of Pacific
Cable Railway Co. vs. Butte City Street Railway Com-
pany— U. S. Circuit Court, Ninth Circuit, District of
Montana :

Patent No. 181,817, issued to Joseph Britton Septem-
ber 5, 1876 shows, and describes two turntables for
cable railways, which are designed to be operated to-
gether. Held that, although one of the claims of the
pat ent could be construed to cover the construction
of one of the tables regardless of the other table, yet
inasmuch as the patent contains no description of
how one of the tables by itself can be operated, the
claim for the construction of one of the tables will not
be substained.

Where a patent shows and describes a duplicate
construction, but contains no description of the man-
ner in which one of the members of the construction
can be used, and the defendant is using one member
only, the bill will be dismissed.

Wdiere claims of a patent are not supported by a
description in the patent, such claims are of no
validity.

In the case of Butte City' Street Railway Company
vs. Pacific Cable Railway Company, for an infringe-
ment of patent for improvement in street cable rail-
ways, issued to Andrew S. Halladie, and assigned to
appellee, the court decided the patent void for “want
of invention.”

Power oe Agent in Patent Rights. — A power of
attorney which, in consideration of a prescribed royal-
ty, appoints the doner sole agent in the United .States
‘‘for the purpose of working and developing the busi-
ness of said patents,” with power to “negotiate the
sale of the said patents upon terms to be agreed
upon,” creates a mere agency, not coupled with an
interest, and gives the agent no right to convey or
assign the patents without the assent of his principal.
The above decision was rendered in the case of the
Johnson Railroad Signal Company against the Union
Switch and Signal Company, (Circuit Court, W. D.
Penn., 59 Fed. Rep. 20.) for infringement of letters
patent No. 241,246, issued to Frederick Cheesewright.
Cheesewright by a power of attorney', the provisions
of which are set out in the opinion, constituted one
Yeomans his attorney' in fact in the matter of the
patent, and defendant claims under a conveyance by
Yeomans, dated March 21, 1S82. Plaintiff claims title
to the same patent under a power of attorney from
Cheesewright to Henry Bezer, dated October 31, 1SS9,
and an absolute assignment of the patent from the
latter. The case was heretofore heard on motion for
leave to file a cross bill, and for an order for substi-
tuted service. (43 Fed. 331.) Afterward, a motion by
the cross complaint for an injunction vvas denied, (51
Fed. 85.) Decree is now rendered for complainant.

68

THE

HTIVE AOE

SCIENCE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.

Conducted by E. P. Lewis.

If a drnin i.s struck, the elastic skin stretched over
it vibrates up and down. As it moves upward, it
compresses tlie air above it, and the pressure is
passed forward from one air particle to another.
When the membrane moves downward, the pressure
above it is diminished, and the molecules of air be-
gin to move backwards. In this wav a vibratory
motion, like that of a swinging pendulum, is given,
first to the molecules around the drum and then
through them to more distant particles. When these
“ waves of rarefaction and of condensation," as they
are called, reach our ears they strike thin elastic
membranes like those in a drum head. These begin
to vibrate, and we say that we hear the sound of the
drum. This is the way that sound is carried, and
it can be carried only bv the vibrations of some ma-
terial substance. If a bell is rung' inside the receiver
of an air pump the sound will g-row less and less as
the air is exhausted.

In air sound travels about 1100 feet every second,
and in solid bodies much faster. If there is no reg-
ularitj' about the sound waves that reach the ear we
say that the_v produce a noise, but if they are atecpial
distances apart they produce a musical note, if twenty
or thirty or more reach tlie ear ever^' second, so that
the separate sound.-., caninit be disting'ui.-^hed. The
pitch of a musical note depends on the number of vi-
brations per second. In.tr.'iveling on a railroad train
you must have noticed that the whistle of a locomo-
tive as it rajiidly approaches is very shrill, but be-
comes much deeper after it has passed. Tlie reason
is that wlien it is approaching' von are running into
a set of sound waves, and so meet more of them
every second. After the eng'ine has passed you are
moving away from tliem, and fewer overtake you.
If j’ou were to travel at the rate of 1 100 feet a second,
the same sound wave would be constantly traveling
along side of you. and yi>u would hear nothing, as
the sound is due to the motion of waves ag''ainst the
ear drum.

A still more curious thing- would hajgien if vou
could travel away- from a band which had been play-
ing some time with a speed twice as great as that of
sound. You would hear the music all in correct tune,
but backwards, as you would be overtaking' the
sound waves at a rate equal to their own ordinary
speed, so the effect would be the same as thong'll
they were coming toward you.

Experiment shows us that sound does not travel
in a vaccum. We have a good nianv strong reasons
for believing that lig'ht is produced tiy wave motions
something' like those of sound, but very much faster,
for light travels about ISd.dOO miles every second.
If there are waves there must be something' in which
they move. The name ether has been g-iven to the
invisible fluid filling' all space, and which transmits
waves of lig'ht. heat, and electricity, which we now
know to be the same thing, the different effects pro-
duced by them beingdue to the different sizes of the
waves. In just the same way that the musical char-
acter or pitch of a sound depends on the number of
vibrations in a second, so does the color of light de-
pend on the number of vibrations which reach our
eyes every second. About 30.s. 000, OOP, 000. 000 waves
of red light and about twice that number of violet
light reach the ey-e every- second — numbers entirely-
too large for our minds to grasp. If you look throng'll
a glass prism at a narrow slit throug-h which light
passes, or if we throw light on the wall by reflection
from a mirror placed in an inclined jiosition in a
basin of water, so that the water itself acts as a
prism, you will see a long spectrum, as it is called,
composed of different shades of the colors red, or-
ange, y-ellow, g-reen, blue and violet in reg-ular or-
der. Each color is bent or refracted to a different
degree by- the prism, and the spectrum is due to an
immense number of images of the slit, each of a dif-
ferent color side by- side. If we examine the spec-
trum of sun light closely- we will find that it is
crossed by- a large number of dark lines. This

means that certain colors are missing so that there
is no colored image of the slit in the corresponding
position. If we burn different substances in an elec-
tric arc and examine the light through a prism, we
will find that only- a few colors are produced, so that
we see a number of separate lines. For some sub-
stances. such as iron, there are many- hundreds of
these bri.ght lines. If common salt is burned, there
are two very- bright yellow lines close together, be-
sides a number of smaller ones, all due to the metal
sodium which forms a part of salt. If you compare
the spectrum of any- burning- metal with that of the
sun, y-ou will find that the brig-ht lines in the former
nearly- alway-s correspond exactly- in position with
the dark lines of the latter. Again if y-ou burn salt
in a g-as flame and allow light from an electric lamp
to shine through it and pass through a prism, in-
stead of two bright y-ellow lines y-ou will see two
dark lines. This means that the sodium when va-
porized absorbs exactly- the same kind of light that
it g-ives out when it is heated much liotter. The
colder vapor in the gas flame, which itself gave out
y-ellow lig'ht, absorbed the same E.g-ht from a brig-hter
electric arc. This teaches us that the dark lines in
the sun’s spectrum are caused by- the metallic vapors
floating in its atmosphere absorbing certain kinds
of light from the hotter body- of the sun. This
enables us to discover that many- substances known
to us exist in the sun. Thismethodof detecting- dif-
ferent substances is called spectrum analy-sis, and
is the most delicate method known. All the differ-
ent metals have been studied and the bright lines in
their spectrum mapped, so that if we burn any- un-
known substance, by- comparing- the brig-ht lines
with the maps, we can discover the smallest trace of
these substances.

•ir ■K’

We have seen that if we move toward or from a
source of sound, the musical pitch is changed. Since
color of lig-ht as well as pitch of sound depends on
the number of waves that reach us everv second, the
light coming from anv brig-ht object ought to chang-e
in color as the object chang-es its distance. But
lig-ht travels 186.000 miles every- second, so that the
object must travel very- fast for us to see the change.
It has been seen, however, in studvingthe spectrum
of some stars. In such a spectrum, just as in the
case of the sun, we see certain dark lines which have
been absorbed bv the vapors in the star's atmos-
phere. If the star is g-oing- rapidlv awav from us.
fewer vibrations will reach us, so the lines will be
shifted toward the red end of the snectrum : if it is
coming toward us. they- will be .shifted toward the
violet end. Not onlv can it thus be told whether a
star is coming toward the earth or g-oing awav. but
its speed can be calculated to a fraction of a mile.
These calculations can be verified in the case of the
planets, whose speed is well known from other facts,
showing that the method is an accurate one.

It seems wonderful that the velocitv of light and
the length of its waves can be measured accurately-.
The measurement is really- a simple thing, and de-
pends on the same principles used by- a survey-or
when he measures a field.

An Early Electric Motor.

In adjoining- cases in the National Museum are
three objects which not only- attract attention because
they- mark three great advances inhuman progress,
but which have the added interest which comes from
local associations.

One of these is a model of the cpiaint little locomo-
tive "Tom Thumb.” built by- Peter Cooper. It was
the first steam en.g-ine used on the Baltimore and
Ohio railroad, and made its trial trip August 28,
1830. In another case is the telegraph instrument
which recorded at Baltimore May 23, 1844, the words
"What Hath God Wroi-ight,” the first telegraph mes-
sage sent from Washington over the first telegraph
line in the world, built along the Washington branch
of the Baltimore and Ohio. These two objects have
often been described, but about the third little has
been written. It is a little model of an electromag-
netic engine made by- Charles Grafton Page, which

according to an inscription on it, was the first motor
that ever propelled a railroad car. Page was a
phy-siast and inventor of great merit, who has not
received the credit that his work well deserved. He
was born in Salem, Mass., in 1812, and in his boy-
hood showed great fondness for scientific studies,
especially- electricity-. When only- nine y-ears old,
inspired jierhaps by- Franklin’s example, he -^vas
found on tlie roof during a thunder storm try-ing to
draw lightning from the clouds with a fire shovel,
but he was rescued before his experiment met -with
success. He graduated at Harvard in 1832, and then
studied medicine. He still carried on hiso scientific
work, and about 1841 he became a principal examiner
in the Patent Office. From 1844 to 1849 he also held
the position of professor of chemistry- in the Colum-
bian College, and died in Washington in 1868. He
investigated the newly- discovered field of electro-
magnetic induction, and independentlv invented the
induction coil long- before the idea occurred to Ruhni-
korff. after whom the instrument was named. Most
of his later work was in the line of the application of
electrical power to transportation and culminated in
the machine whose model is now in the Museum.

He first made several forms of electromagnetic
motors, with which he ran lathes and other small
machinery, from some of them obtaining more than
7-horse jiower. These, as well as his latest machine,
resembled a steam engine in their design. About
1850 he secured an appropriation of $30,000 from the
Government to enable him to carry- out his experi-
ments on a larger scale. He then constructed a more
ambitious machine. Its moving parts consisted of
two parallel soft iron rods 3 feet long and 6 inches
in diameter, fastened together, but some distance
apart, by- a cross bar. which was connected by- a rod
with the crank driving the wheels. These rods
played with a stroke of two feet in two pairs of
horizontal coils through which currents of electricity
alternately- passed,- the contacts being made and
broken by- an eccentric on the driving shaft, just as
the eccentric rod in a steam engine opens and closes
the port holes in the cy-linder. The iron bars played
the |)art of the piston rods in an engine, being
sucked into first one and the other of the pairs of
coils by- the magnetic attraction of the current.

After several preliminary- trials, the final test was
made on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad track April
29, 1851. The engine, with its battery- of 100 Grove
cells and 7 passengers, weighed about 11 tons. It
made the trip to Bladensburg. 5 miles distant in 39
minutes, including five stops, and the entire trip in
less than two hours. The maximum speed attained
was 19 miles an hour, and about 8-horse power was
developed. The jolting due to the heavy oscillating
parts broke a number of battery- cells and injured
others, so that the trial was not an entire success.
This was the last test made, as the Government ap-
propriation was exhausted. The time was not then
ripe for this method of transportation, as the pro-
duction of current by chemical means was too expen-
sive. But Page had demonstrated the possibility of
the successful application of electricity- as a motive
power, and was confident that at some future day it
would come into general use. He also realized the
mechanical imperfections of his motor, and suggested
the change of its reciprocating into rotary- mechan-
ism.perhaps having in mind something like the motor
of the present day-. E. P. Eewis.

New System of Reducing Garbage.

At a recent test of the Anderson garbage reduc-
tion sy-stem, in Chicago, twenty--four cubic yards of
refuse were reduced to one and one-half cubic yards
in fifteen minutes, with only- six per cent of ash and
other matter remaining unincinerated. This new
method contemplates the reduction of city- garbage
and the application of the refuse to fertilizing pur-
poses. The crematory consists of an oven in tunnel
form. Wagons loaded with garbage are run into
this tunnel, and intense heat is sustained by a con-
tinous supply- of crude petroleum under high at-
mospheric pressure. The wagon loads of garbage,
after ten or fifteen minutes exposure to this intense
heat, are withdrawn and the ashes and other un-
burnable matter is subjected to an ammonial induc-
tion, by- automatic methods, and then becomes
valuable as a fertilizer. The test of this new system
is said to have produced the best results yet obtain-
able in the reduction of city- garbage.

THB IXVENTIVE AOB

69

NEWS CONDENSED.

Feb. 28. — The Iowa senate rejects woman suffragre bill

Two thousand unemployed men at Toronto. Canada, went to
the home of the mayor and g-overnor and demanded work or

mone3* J iidfre James W. Me Dill, of the Interstate Commerce

Commission, died at Creston, la Judg-e Cox, at Washington,

D. C., declined to issue a mandamus to prevent the Pension Com-
missioner from reducingr the pension of Judg-e Long-, of Mich-

ig-an. after thirty days* notice Joseph Don j an was convicted

in the United States Court at Baltimore of sending' a threaten-
ing' postal card to Vice-President Stevenson, and was sentenced
to eig-hteen months imprisonment The House or Lords re-

fused to accept the House of Commons”' rejection of Lord Salis-
oury^s amendment to the Parish Councils bill.

March 1. — Champion Corbett, tried for prize fig'hting', was

acquitted at Jacksonville. Fla Judg-e Barrett refuses a stay

of proceeding's and ’"'Boss’’ McKane enters Sing Sing The

Bland seigniorage bill passes the house by a majority
of 39 Librarian Poole of Chicago University*, died at Evans-
ton, 111 The election in Brazil was very tame, resulting in

election of Moraes Congressman Wilson pronounced out of

danger India announces a new tariff of 5 per cent on imports

with cottons excepted Zachariah T. White was fined S200

and costs at Nebraska City, for hanging Secretary J. Sterling
Morton in effigy Ex-Governor John C. Downey, of Califor-

nia, died at Los Angeles, aged sixty-seven.

March 2. — Galusha A. Graw was sworn in as member-at-large

of the House from Pennsylvania The Pope celebrates his

84th birthday Representative Dunphy writes a scathing

open letter resigning from the general committee of Tammany

Hall Gen. Jubal A. Early, noted confederate general, died

at Lvnchburg. Va Carnegie & Co., are assessed damages

at 5140.484.94 by President Cleveland, for furnishing armor plate

alleged to be below standard At Minneapolis F rank Scheig.

teller of the Bank of Minneapolis, confessed that he robbed the
bank of $123,000. The strike among the silk weavers at Patter-
son. N. J.. is spreading Congressman Dunphy, of the Eigh-

teenth New York District, has resigned from the Tammany
General Committee because of illegal election practices bv the
Hall.

M.\rch 3. — Premier Gladstone resigns, and Lord Roseberry
is summoned to Windsor Castle, by the Queen, to take his place

Commissioner Lochren takes issue with the law, and savs

a pension is a bounty, and not a vested right The Rev. W.

P. Ratliffe. a Populist member of the Mississippi Legislature,
shot and killed S. A. Jackson, a Democratic member, at Kos-
ciusko, Miss.

March 4. — Charges of conspiracy on the part of government
officials, against the Carnegie Company in the armor plate mat-
ter. are made by the Pittsburg Y/w/f’-T Janies Montgomery

Bailey, the “Danbury News Man” dies of pneumonia Sil-
ver reached the lowest price in its history. 58-K Attorney-

General Olney has given an opinion that the Commissioner of
Pensions cannot under any circumstances, even if evident fraud,
suspend a pension until after thirty days* notice Dr. Wil-
liam H. Burk, of the Philadelphia Zf’t/gt’r. died More than

300.000 persons joined in a demonstration in Buda-Pesth in favor
of the Civil Marriage bill.

M.'Vrch 5. — Official advices received of restoration of peace in

Central America Both houses of the English Parliament

are prorogued The two hundredth aniversarv of the removal

of the Capital of Maryland, from Saint Marv*s to Annapolis

was celebrated with great pomp at Annapolis Rev. Tal-

mage withdraws his resignation as pastor of the Brooklyn Tab-
ernacle The United States Supreme Court reassembled at

Washington: Justice Jackson was absent and Senator White

was not sworn in Fire at Deadwood. S. D.. destroyed 32

buildings: loss over SlSXCHX) Judge Samuel B. Hoyt, who

during the war was a commissioner of the Confederate States,
died Sunday evening at Atlanta. Ga Parliament was pro-

rogued.

March 6. — At Sing Sing. N. Y., several persons were injured

in a wreck of an unmanageable trolley car In an election

row at Troy, N. Y.. Robt. Ross a republican and Batt Shaw, a

democrat were shot dead Ex-Congressman Rufus S. Frost

of Massachusetts, died in Chicago, en route home from a trip to

Mexico In the town elections throughout the State of New

York, the republicans made great gains Ex-President Har-

rison, delivered his opening lecture at Stanford University.

Menlo Park. Cal Senator Chandler of New Hampshire.

announces his candidancy for reelection Bray ton Ives ac-

cused Henry Villard of again aspiring to control the Northern
Pacific Railway The Virginia legislature passes the Aus-
tralian ballot law Bishop John A, Paddock, died at Santa

Barbara, Cal.

M.\rch 7. — The Methodist Conference decides in favor of local

option for Marvland The pension bill passes the house

Governor Foster appoints Newton C. Blanchard to suc-
ceed Senator White of Louisiana The British steamer

Olympia with 3,400 tons of sugar, was wrecked off Cape Hat-
teras Perry Heath secures control of the Cincinnati Com-
mercial Gazette Illinois republicans announce that they

will contest the apportionment of the state made bv the last leg-
islature The President sent three letters of Minister Willis

to the Senate: a new constitution and a new form of govern-
ment are proposed for Hawaii As a result of an agreement

reached at Bellaire. Ohio, about 7.iXX>coal miners will go to work
at once.

March 8. — The celebrated $v^\0(Xl breach of promise suit of
Miss Pollard against Congressman Breckinridge in Washing-
ton begins Daniel Coughlin on his second trial was acquit-

ted by a jury at Chicago of the charge of complicity in the mur-
der of Dr. Cronin on Ma_v4. 1889: the trial began October 30. 1893.

Anarchists exploded a bomb nearly in front of the Italian

Chamber of Deputies in Rome, seriously wounding eight per-
sons.

M.\rch 9. — Secretary Herbert awards the contract for float

ing the Kearsarge off Roncador reef for $45.0<X1 Cardinal

Leon Bevoit Charles Thomas. Archbishop of Rouen, died in
Paris A meeting of workingmen is held in Philadel-

phia, having for its object the sending of a delegation to
Washington, Api il 6th, to protest against the passage

of the Wilson bill Hoadly B. Ives, the millionaire New

Haven banker, became violenti.v insane Maj. Wm. Nevins.

the veteran bandmaster, died in Chicago. He was a drummer

boy in the Mexican war The number of pensioners on the

Government rolls is now appro.ximately 966.00<), against 952.000

for the corresponding week last year British merchant

vessels at Rio are being protected by the American fleet in se-
curing fresh water and landing their sick owing to the inactiv-
ity of the British warships.

March 10. — In a boxing contest at the Chicago Athletic Club.

A. W. Crane was knocked senseless and died soon after In

the primar.v election held in the Second Congressional district
of Tennessee to nominate a republican candidate for Congress,

Judge H. R. Gibson won over John C. Houk It is announced

that Governor Pennoyer of Oregon, will be the candidate of the

Populists to succeed Senator Dolph Pei.xoto's fleet anchors

outside the harbor of Rio de Janeiro, preparatory to an attack

on the rebel fleet Mrs. Ben Perley Poore, died at the Ebbitt

House. Washington.

March 11. — As a result of the Moody and Sankey revival
meetings in Washington, over 4,000 new converts are announced
...... It is announced that on the 15lli. inst., the Johnson Steam-
ship Company of Liverpool will establish a line of whaleback
steamers in connection with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
between Baltimore and the new port of Tampico. Mexico

The Russo-German commercial treaty was adopted by order of

the Czar Judge Geo. W. Stone, Chief Justice of the Ala-

oania Supreme Court, died in Montgomery John Y. McKane

is said to be short $2»'HX000 in his accounts with the town of
Gravesend, Long Island.

M.\rch 12. — The National Republican League is called to

meet at Denver. June 26 Ex-Senator White of Louisiana.

is sworn in as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court The

“On to Washington” crusade is organized by an eccentric man
named Co.xey at Massillon. Ohio. It is proposed to organize the
“grand army” of unemployed, march to Washington, and de-
mand employment from the government on roads and public

works Mr. Blanchard, of Louisiana, was sworn in as

United States Senator The bodies of the victims of the

Gaylord mine disaster are finally recovered The Wellman

arctic expedition leaves Washington John H. Mulligan, of

Kentucky, was nominated to be Consul General of the United
States at Apia Lake navigation at Chicago was opened, be-
ing the earliest on record The British Parliament reas-

sembled: the Queen's speech declared that bills will be submit-
ted for the amendment of registration, abolition of plural vot-
ing. dealing with church affairs in Wales and Scotland, equal-
ization of London rates and local government for Scotland.

March 13. — Da Gama, the Brazilian insurgent leader seeks
refuge on a Portuguese warship and the trouble in Rio de Ja-
neiro is suddenly ended without a naval battle Lord Rose-

bery's statement on the “home rule” poliev causes joy among

the conservatives in England The Ohio legislature passes

the biennial session resolution, advocated by Governor McKin-
ley The U. S. steamship Marion encounters a terrible ty-

phoon at sea and puts in at Yokohoma for extensive repairs

Ex-Senator Chilton, announces his candidancy to succeed

Senator Coke from Texas Striking silk weavers at P.ater-

son. N. J.. rioted all day The Youngstown. Ohio, street car

strike has been settled, the men going to work at the old rate of

wages, pending another conference on the matter President

Pei.xoto rejected Da (Tama's terms of surrender: the govern-
ment batteries at Rio opened fire on the rebel positions, but no
reply was made: Forts Villegaignon and Corbras and the insur-
gent vessels were abandoned by the insurgents A sensation

was created in British political circles by the House of Com-
mons adopting by a vote of 147 to 145 an amendment offerred bv
Mr. Laboucliero to the (Queen’s speech declaring for the aboli-
tion of the House of Lords.

March 14.— John T. Ford the veteran actor, died in Baltimore
The largest shipment of brandy ever made from an Amer-
ican port was made from San Francisco on bark J. C. Ptluger.

for (rerman hospitals The woman suffrage amendment was

defeated in the Ohio legislature At the special Congres-

sional election in South Carolina. James S. Izlar. Cleveland

Democrat, was elected over Stokes. Ocala Democrat The

fiftieth birthda.v of the King of Italy was celebrated.

March 15. — The Bland seigniorage bill passes the Senate by

13 majority The Wellman arctic party leaves New York

The bursting of a dam on Indian Creek near Boise City.

Idaho, caused much damage to ranchmen in the valley The

fight against the citv authorities of Denver by Governor Waite,
results in great e.xcitement. The governor calls out the state

militia to oppose the sheriff and his deputies. Gen. McCook

calls out United States troops to keep the peace Emperor

Franz Josef, is petitioned to grant repatriation to Louis Kas-
ham the Hungarian patriot, dying in exile Admiral Ben-

ham. is ordered to Bluefields with a United States man-of-war

Chief Justice B. J. Lea of the Tennessee Supreme Court.

died in Memphis The Rhode Island State Republican Con-
vention renominated Governor Browji The Union Label

League of Cigar Makers, representing 31 unions and 4. OCX) mem-
bers, met at Peoria. 111., and adopted a protest against the In-
crease of the tax on cigars The general elections were held

in Nova Scotia, and resulted in the return of 24 Liberals and 14
Conservatives.

M-ARCh 16. — The German reichstag finally passes the Russo-

German commercial treaty The controversy between (tOv-

ernor Waite and the police commissioners of Denver has been

referred to the Supreme Court of Colorado for decision

Oregon Populists nominated Nathaniel Pierce for Governor on

the Omaha platform The Iowa Legislature defeated the

Local Option bill The coal miners at Montgomery, W. Va.,

have declared the strike off The proposition to revise the

French constitution has been shelved by a vote of 326 to 205: a
proposition that the Senate be elected by universal suffrage was
rejected by a vote of 415 to 67.

March 17. — Fire in Glaucester. Mass., destroys the Ferguson
block: loss S125.00(‘> Commander J. S. Coxey of the “Com-

monweal'' Army. Massillon. Ohio, declares he will march into
Washington, at the head of half a million men The Social-

ist Labor party of Rhode Island, place a state ticket in the

field headed by Chas. (L Ba.vlor for governor Governor

Waite of Colorado, finally concludes to submit to the Su]>reme

Court decision (Governor Waite ordered the State troops to

march upon Cripple Creek to suppress disorder among the min-
ers there Oxford easily won the annual boat race with Cam-

bridge on the Thames.

March 18. — Six persons are killed and many injured b.v a c.v-

clone at Longview. Texas The union depot at Denver. Col-.

burned: loss S300,000 Joseph L. Magee, a New York lawver

is held to awaite the action of the coroner’s jury in the case of
the mysterious death of the handsome typewriter. Miss Martha

Fuller, in the law office of Wm. Mullon Mrs. Elizabeth

Noble, wife of ex-Secretary of the Interior Noble, died at St.

Louis Michael Davit t. in an address at' a meeting at Bally-

brothy. Ireland, said he was convinced that Lord Roseberry
was as firm a home ruler as any Gladstonian.

March 19.— Miss Esther Jacobs obtained a verdict of $5<'‘.0(X)
in her breach of promise suit against Henry B. Sire, of New

York Commodore Wm. Danforth Whiting, retired, of the

U. S. Navy, died at his home in New York The U. S.

steamer San Francisco sails from Rio for Bluefields Ban-

ker Ives of New Haven. Conn., who went violently insane a

few days ago. died The Bland silver seigniorage bill is sent

to the President.

March 20. — The OPth anniversary of the birth of Gen. Neal
Dow. the American temperance advocate is celebrated in many
districts in England as well as the United States Secre-

tary Gresham gives the information to Congress that an ex-
plicit declaration has been received from the British govern-
ment that nothing in the way of a protectorate over the Mos-
quito Indians is desired or intended by the British government

Louis Kossuth, the Hungarian patriot, died in exile at

Turine, Italy Great damage bv storms and floods reported

from the Mississippi Valley The Michigan Supreme Court

upholds the action of Governor Rich in removing certain State
officials foi gross negligence in failing to personally canvass

the returns on the salaries amendment election of 1893 The

tariff bill is reported to the Senate bv Mr. Voorhees The

dangerous illness of Senator Colquitt is announced.

March 21. — The Supreme Court of New Jersey, decides in fa-
vor of the republicans on the question of Mr. Adrian's title to a

seat in the state senate A successful test of the new monster

13-incli guns was made at Indian Head, witnessed by a large

number of government officials and Congressmen Another

severe storm after Severn 1 weeks of warm weather is reported
from the West The Illinois Supreme Court refuses to inter-
fere to save murderer Prendergast from the gallows Ferdi-

nand Ward of New York, was married to Miss Belle Storer of
Staten Island ’.Violent snow storms rage in Germany.

March 22. — Senator Kyle sa.vs he e.xpects to see Coxey bring

50. (XX) men to W ashington Commander Hevermati. is placed

on trial by court-martial, in New York to decide the blame for

the loss <jf the K--arsarg«* siud'*nt- in

theaters to ch'>f and ni')urn ihf ih K

March F-.. A '•ta;.' <»f jin- n;.; ' i -

the -Nanity <»f I'n-nd.-rga -t. tin- -i .rl - .-r.- M:- H.= :- - t

condoninf<l to hang thi- m •ruing B .

mite at the work-, of the ,\cme l'*.w(ler c*:; • ■ =

gheiyv Valley at Black”-. Run. live men w.- ■ ,y :

blizzard in the iiorthwe-t wa^^ the worst ..f the
Wilscni sN: Co,, lirially win by the «ipitilon of ■ ii -
Olney on the validity .-if ilu-Cherokee ’.•••id e.. ;=■ o . • - =

Chendcee nation has the right t<; as-ign the ? .jA >.• . ■

Wilson Co.

March 24. ’‘Col.” Redstone oj^eri'N up Coxey h.-.o'., i

Washington and expre>.-.e-. a belief ha* A ■ >. : p •'p'- " -v> « ^ -

to Washington The Colorado Supr«'me c ' i hol'l- ag;i: -t

Governor Waite Prend<*rga'.i denies hi-- :illeg.-d in-anip.

A new treaty with China i>.agreed upon, in wliicht hin;-. r.-.

serves the right V) legl>late again^.-T Aniericati r«*'.ideii! -

certain conditions Another severe b!” ir«l i - i* - t h«- e. li-

west and sweeps eastward and -outhward o\er ihe whob' • t-
try. doing much damage.

March 25. — C oxey's army depart^, from .M.i- lEon • . .a -r.
storm, with only 150 ^.'ranks. tramp' and tiotorieiy .e.-ker' ” ■

line Capt. Wilton, French aeronaut wa-^ rl- ;W:-.er! ne .r

Cannes.

March 26. — Coxey’s army at Canton. Ohio. di'---;-.Ti'i!ef’. -.v: ii
their leader who puts up at fif'.t class hoteN :ind ride-- g- o
horses, while the privates walk and --leep in jaiK and -in

ha.v Judge Dallas in circuit court of appeaN at PhlPoh

phia. decides the sugar case in favor of the tru^'t Juc g • Wn.

B. Kincaid. Secretary Carlisle’s former partner, died at Lexing-
ton, Ky Senator Colquitt, died at his residence in Wash 1 1: g-

ton.

March 27. — Congressman Wilson is rapidly improving in

health. He is now near San Antonio. Texas Baranoff Ca"*

tie. one of the most historical land marks in .\laska. burned,

U. S. Commissioner Rogers, narrowly escaped with hi-- life

E. W. Hudson, one of the founders of the New York IfernlJ.

died at Waburn. Mass (ireat damage to crf)i)s in the S<»uth

by the recent storm is reported In accordance with a Sen-

ate resolution. Vice-President Stevenson sends a message of con-
dolence to the family of Louis Kossuth Co.xey’s arm.v ar-

rives at Alliance, Ohio, but Coxe.v returns m Chicago, as he
says, to sell some horses. Many of the army have become dis-
gusted and deserted The death of Lovell Cameron, the Afri-
can explorer, is announced Maj. Bickhani, the distin-

guished editor of the Dayton, Ohio, journal, died.

March 28. — Secretary Herbert denies the report of his con-
templated resignation Governor McKinley speaks in Min-
neapolis, and is given a huge ovation Kentucky women pe-
tition forCol. Breckinridge’s impeachment Potter Palmer

of Chicago, is dangerously* ill Co.xey’s army reaches Salem,

Ohio.

March 29. — President Cleveland vetoes the Bland seigniorage
bill George Ticknor Curtis, the eminent authority on con-
stitutional law, died in New York J. M. Ellis of Oberlin

College died The body of Hans V on Bulow. was cremated

Congressman Wilson is weaker Gov. Northern ap-
points Speaker Crisp to succeed the late Alfred H. Colquitt.

Senator from Georgia The Maryland legislature has

passed the bill providing medical treatment for confirmed drunk-
ards Opinions on thereto of the seigniorage bill indicate

great dissatisfaction among southern and western democrats.

Books and Magazines.

Electrical and Street Raiheay Reporter, is the name of a new
monthly publication in New York. Typographical excellence
and editorial ability are marked features of the first issue. It
publishes an exhaustive report of the proceedings of the recent
meeting of the National Electric Light Convention in Washing-
ton. The subscription price is $5per annum.

Stojie, an illustrated mouthy magazine, published in Chicago,
is one of the most valuable publications for contractors and
builders in the country*. The March number yvas a particularly
interesting number, and contained the third paper on “Problems
ill Stone Cutting.” by Ed. W. Hind.

One of the most interesting and logical arguments against pro-
hibitory liquor legislation appears in the March Popular Science
Monthly, furnished by Mr. Appleton Morgan. He denounces
these layvs as ineffectual and a hindrance to wiser and more
efficient regulation of the traffic.

“The Story of the World's Parliament of Religions” is told by
Rev. F. Herbert Stead in the Re-, ieve of /icrvVrt’v-*' for March. Mr.
Stead groups together the significant utterances of various rep-
resentatives who took part in the proceedings of the World’s
Parliament of Religions, some of which throyv a new light upon
the faith and beliefs of Eastern Europe and Asia.

Some Salient Points in the Science of the Earth. — One
of the most interesting works on geology that has been issued
during the present century*, has just been published by Harper
Bros., under the cumbersome title of “ Some Salient Point>
in the Science of the Earth.” b.v Sir J. Wm. Dawson, of Mon-
treal, who has contributed his full share to the limited knoyvl-
edge of the race concerning the birth. deveU)pmeni and pos-
sible fate of our planet: butyvefind tliatthe mostof his yvritings
are made up of mere speculations. On every page he (Qualifies a
statement yvith a “ perhaps.” “ it is probable,” “ I thi nk.” or “ I
believe that such and such is the case.” He cites no proof in
many cases, because there is none to cite, ')ut he frequently
takes issue on important -points yvith savants yvho have held
opinions that are diametrically opposed to his oyvn. Still, he i^
very seldom dogmatic, and yve can forgive him much.

As a specimen of his better style, we (juote the folloyving from
his chapter on “World Making:” "Inhuman history yve are
dealing yvith the short liy*es and limited plans of ma«. In the
making of yvorlds yve are c<mversant yvith the plans of a Creator
yvith whom one day* is as a thousand years, and a thousand years
as one day. We must not measure such things by our micro-
scopic scale of time. Nor should yve fail to see that vast though
the ages of the earth are, they are parts of a continuous plan,
and of a plan probably reaching in space and time immeasur-
ably* beyond our earth. When yve trace the hmg history, from
an incandescent fire mist to a finished earth, and vast ages
occupied by the dynasties of plant and animal life, yve see
not merely* a mighty maze, an almost endless procession of
changes, but that all of these yy*ere related to one another by a
chain of causes and effects leading oinvard to greater y*ariety*
and comple.xity*. yvhile retaining throughout the traces of the
means employ*ed. The old rocks and the ancient lines of folding
and the perished forms of life are not merely* a scaffolding set
up to be throyvn down, but the foundation stones of a great and
symmetrical structure. Is it y*et completed? Who can tell?
The earth may still be young, and infinite ages of a better his-
tory* may lie before it.” ,p.35.'

Speaking of plants and animals, he says there is no fact to
sustain the theory that they yvere int reduced in embryonic form,
and. yve will add, en t'assant, that the yvhole book is a mild pro-
test against Daryvinism.

While this latest volume of Dawson has a flayv and a failure
in almost every chapter, it shoyvs that he is one of the profound-
est thinkers of our time, and his book will take a place in all
libraries with those of Huxley, Ty-iidall, Agassiz, and other
classic writers in the yvorldof science.

THE

T^QE

70

Under this headiiijr published all assi.Lrn-
ments of jjatents or partial interest in same, as
on record in the United States Patent Office bn*
the month endinjr March 10. where the consid-
eration was S2.<XM) and over.

IJen janiin J. Abbott inventor, to T. M. iMK-iti-
son assiirnor. to the Chicayo Metal Hardening
Co., of 111,. Machine for Dressiny Car Wheels :
his whole riyht. Coii'^ideration S25.000.

William Allen inventor, to Lewis H. Finch,
Metallic Crook for St<>ne Boats : all riyhts.
72.0<'H).

Robt. iVI. Elliott inventor, to B. L. l*hillips
assiynor. to the Electric Stf>raye and Equip-
ment Co., of Chicayo. 111., Electrodes for Sec-
ondary Batteries: all riyhts for U. S. SlSO.iXHl.

Charles H. Ferris hiventor. to Wislev U.
Markland, of Ocala. Fla.. Kitchen Cabinets ;
all riyhts for ten states, and three territories.
SO.OOO.

Bvran W. Fellows inventor, to the W. W.
Felk)ws Machine Co., of Beverly. Mass.. Pro-
pellers: all riyhts for the U. S. So.OiX).

Louis C. D. Homeryue inventor, to Inez J. D.
Honieryue assiynor. to the Cyloid Railroad
Construction Co.. Bicycle Railroads : all her
riyht. title and inti*rest for the U. S.

James Bawdy and Frank M. Catteni inven-
tors. to A. B. Canniny. Electr<* Medical Air
Protector: all riyhts. ^l.odO.

Charles De])larity inventf)r. to Oeo. L. Bos-
well. of Coffevville. Kans.. AVindow Screen: all
riyhts. Sx.OOO.

Samuel F. Ilomlev inventor, to Henry C.
Meyer, and Thomas P. Henniny, of Boonville.
Ind.. Clothes Washer: all his riyhts for six
counties in Indiana. So.<H)0.

John Hill inventor, to Neracher Sz Hill.
Sprinkler Co., of Columbus, Ga.. Automatic
Fire Extinyuisher: all riyhts. $12,000.

Thomas J. Hattield inventor, to Frank L.
Wallin and others of Versailles. Ohio. Fanniny
Mills and Grain Separator: all riyhts. $5. WO.

Alfred B. Hill inventor, to AV. F. < ireyory, and
C. C. Hamrick' asslyiiors. to M. Cherry, and AA'.
B. Glenn. Cistern Cleaner: all riyhts for the
statt* of Texas. $5.<M)0.

IBmrietta Horn inventor, to Ernest A’’. Pier-
son. of Newark', N. J.. Adjustable Pattern for
Draftiny Garments : an undivided one-third
interest. S3. 000.

Jacob R. Hoit inventor, to AV. II. Robbins, of
Altoona, Iowa. Hanyer for Clothes Line : all
riyhts for the state of Minnesota. $1.<)(>0.

Thomas Head in ventor. to Edmund Ore as-
siynor. to Geo. H. Hoerr, of Mankato. Min?i.,
Graininy Ckmiposition : all riyhts for a ft*w
cities and states. $4,000.

AA'iHiam Hubartt inventor, to the Hubartt
Ladder and Elevator Co., (if Chicayo, 111.. Fire
Escape; all riyhts. S75.0(W>.

Charlies D. Harsin inventor, to M. J. Scoville,
of BesMoines. Iowa. Device for Transplantiny
T rees: all riyhts for the states of Ohio. Indiana,
and Illinois. $3,000.

Leyrand B. Harmon and Jasper N. Nutt in-
ventors. to Cary E. Harmon. Fence Post: all
riyhts to manufacture for the U. S. $3,000.

Albert E. Johnson in ventor. to the National
Sewiny Machine Co., of Conn.. Groove Cuttiny
Attachment for Sewiny Machines; all riyhts.
$1,500.

Ira L. Green inventor, to James M. Patterson
and others assiynors. to the Green Electric
Siynal Co.. Railway Siynal: all riyhts. $30,000.

Fred. Girtanner inventor, to M. J. Blackwell,
and V. V. Cochran, of Los Anyeles. Cal.. Straw
Burniny Attachment for Stoves; all riyht for
16 counties in Cal. $5,fMjO.

Aaron P. (build in ventor. to John L. Robb as-
siynor, to John B. IMichener. of Canton, Ghio.
Attachments for (Jperatiny Elevator (Rites, and
Dust Collector: all riyhts. $10,500.

Frederick AA’'olter inventor, to Richard Saal-
feld assiynor. to AA'in. Mayer, of N. Y. Cit_\-,
Extension Table: all riyhts. $5,250.

Isaac AA^ood inventor, to Henry F. Labbitt.
and AValter C Baker. Oil Burner: all riyhts f(;r
the state of Iowa. $2,500.

James P. \A’’eatherman inventor, to Jno. S.
Taylor assiynor, to Jerome Dickins(ni, of (ireene
Co.. Mo.. Grub Plows; all riyhts for the U. S.
except Kansas and Texas. $10,000.

Joseph L. Crain inventor, to R. J. Burns and
H. L. Brickey, of Ava., 111.. Wire Stretcher; all
riyhts f<E ten states. $8,000.

Lucian Cook inventor, to Thomas B. Bryan,
of Chicayo, 111., Transportatioti Svstem ; all
riyhts. $10,000.

Albert J. Kletzker and Jacob Ranz inventors,
to the National Ciyar A’^endiny Machine Co., of’
Mo.. Ciyar A^’endiny Machine; all riyhts. $46.-
500.

Chas. M. Berry inventor. Ellsworth D. Mid-
dlekauff assiynor. to Andrew N. Aitken. Bracket
for Incandescent Liyhts; one undivided half of
all riyhts. $35,000.

Austin T. Bascom inventor, to J. C. Cum-
minys, of Sidney. Ohio, Paper Feeding Machine;
all riyhts. $2,500.

Wni. B. Bonham inventor, to J. H. Brown as-
signor, to J. M. Hamilton and others. Harrow ;
all rights. $6,000.

Franz Burger inventor, to Hen ry M. AVilllanis,

Fort AVayne, Ind., Exi>losive Motors ; three
undivided fourths of the whole riyht. $3,000.

AA^arren H. Boles inventor, to the Peerless
Burnisher Co., of Syracuse, N. Y., Burnishers;
all rights. $23,000. *

Mills and Mines Resuming.

Schenectady, X. Y., knitting mills, 150
hands; Easton, Pa., agricultural imple-
ment factory ; Hammond, Ind., brick mill,
500 hands; Chester, Pa., woolen mills, 100
hands; Troy, X. Y., steel mills. 1. 100 hands;
Bethlehem, Pa., steel mills, 1,100 hands;
South Chicago, 111., blast furnace, lOl) men;
Scrantan, Pa., glass factory. 500 hands ; Bt.
Louis, Mo., car works, 250 hands: Gallatin,
Tenn., spoke and handle factoiy, 200 hands;
Yonngstowu, 0.,iron furnaces; Westches-
ter. Pa., iron works. OOO hands ; Dnlnth,
Minn., iron ore mine, 200 hands ; Hurley,
Wis., iron ore mine, 100 hands ; Anderson,
Ind., glass factory, OOd hands ; Pittsburg,
Pa., iron works. 8O0 men ; Birmingham,
Ala., blast furnaces; Mount Yernon, 111,
-car works, 500 bands; Philadelphia, I*a.,
yarn mills ; I'xliridge, Mass., woolen mill,
200 hands; Milhille, Mass., rubber fac-
tories, ],'100 hands; Xewcastle, I'a,, iron
furnaces. 700 men; Aineyville, Pa., iron
furnace ; Peekskill, X. Y,, stove works, liOO
men; Zeeland, Mich., furniture factory;
Connellsville, Pa., coke, works, 600 men :
May’s Landing, X. .1.. carpet factory; South
Walpole, Mass., emery mills ; Xorristown,
Pa., woolen mills. 2001iands ; Chester, Pa.,
woolen mills ; Middletown, Conn., plating
wotks; Pottstown, I’a.. imddling mills;
Hazleton, Pa., Inrnace ; Pittsbnig, Pa.,
steel works ; Martin’s Ferry, ()., nail fac-
tory ; Gadsden, Ala., Inmlier mill ; Xico-
jack, Ga., woolen mill ; Enterprise, Miss.,
knitting mills; Athens, Tenn., cotton
mills; Bridgeport, Ala., lumber mills;
Beaumont, Te.x.. lumber mills ; Liuden,
Teiin., lumber mills ; Aslilanci, Ky., lumber
mills; Hambert’s Point, Ya.. cotton mills;
Claremont, N. H,. woolen mills; Ashland,
X. 11., knitting mills; Centerville, R. I.,
woolen mills ; Smyrna, Pa,, shirt factoiy ;
Woonsocket, R. I., woolen mills; Pbillips-
bury, N. J., silk mill; cotton millatRome,
Ga.; coal mines at Egypt, X C. ; saw mills
at Frankfort, Ky.; mills of the Tennessee
Furniture and Lumber comi)any, Elizabeth-
ton, Tenn.; Winship Machinery company,
Atlanta, (7a.; Clifton Irom company has
blown in one of its iron furnaces at Jronton,
Ala., after an idleness of two years ; butt
weld turmree at the tube works. Wheeling,
W. Va.; Terra Alta woolen mills. Terra
Alta, W. Ya. ; Rome Brick comi)any. Rome,
Ga., with 11)1) hands ; Melrose Maniitactnr-
ing company at Roanoke, Ya. ; r.ousiana
Cypress Lumber iMills company at Harvey,
La., 250 men: furnaces at the I.a Belle mill.
Wheeling, SV. Va.. and it is stated that the
Wheeling Iron and Steel company will soon
start the puddling de|)ar£mcnt at its Ben-
wood mill : Bibb miles, jMacon, Ga., fac-
tory Xos. 1 and 2, on full time ^^avl■h 4, lor
the Jirst time in many months. This mtans
that 600 people who lur e been working on
half time have gone to work on full time at
old wages ; Xo. d furnace of the Isabella
Furnace company at Etna, Ra.; .Mount
Hope Iron Works at Somerset, Mass. ; Whit-
ing .Machine AVorks at Whitingville, Ma.ss..
employing 701) men ; Friction I’ulley and
^Machine Works at Sandy Hill, X. Y.. night
and day ; McKee X Xilson Paterson, X. .1.;
woolen mills at Grogon City, Ore., emiiloy-
ing 200 men ; the Crown woolen mill com-
pany at Alarcellus, X. Y.. the largest of its
kind in Central Xew York, with a force of
250 men ; the Pennsylvania Steel company ’s
plant at Steelton, Pa., employing over 11)00
men ; the Marshalltown, Del., Iron Works
have resumed, employing 500 men ; the
Haskell X Barker car works at IMichigan
Citj% employing over 1,000 men.

The I.vvextive Age for -May will be
issued the last three days of April, An nn-
usnally large edition will be printed and
several thousand copies will be sent abroad.
A large jjercentage ofthoserecei\ing awards
at the World’s Lair will be interested in
this and succeeding issues of the Lwentive
Age, which is forwarded to any address in
the United States for the lidicnlonsly low
price of $1, and to Europeou countries for
SI. 50.

The Inventive Age is cui ions enough
to desire the opinion of its readers as to its
excellence. The rapid increase of its circu-
lation would seem to indicate at least a
measure of satisfaction.

Industrial Notes.

The Eag'le mills at AA'oonsocket, R. I., are now
beinif operated on full time.

The American AA^orsted Mills at Providence,
R. I., are again running on full time.

The woolen mill at Putnam. Con n., emploving
350 hands, has started up on full time.

The Hatch Cutler3' Company is about to move
from Middletown, Cknin,. to Taunton. Mass.

OrrelFs woolen mill at Glendale. R. I., has
started up again, ten per cent, cut in wages.

Navigation on the great lakes opened about
six weeks earlier this season than the average.

The emplo.ves of the Penns.vlvania Bolt and
Nut AA'orks accept the $2-50 scale for puddlers.

The Chase AA'ooleii Mills at Elmville are again
in operation, with a reduction of 20 per cent, in
wages.

The woolen mills at Hillsboro. N. H.. are
being operated again with a reduction of 10 per
cent in wages.

AA’ork has been resumed at the Addison Mills
at Glastonbury'. A reduction of 10 per cent was
made in wages.

The Pueblo, Col., Steel AA’‘orks are now em-
ph.iying 500 men and will soon increase the
number to 1.000.

It is reported that a reduction of 20 per cent
has been made in wages at the Eddy Electric
AA^orks at AA'indsor.

An increase of 10 per cent is announced in
the wages of operatives in Phoenix Manufac-
turing Co.'s mill at Allentown, Pa.

It is announced that a reduction in wages
amounting to 10 per cent, will go into effect at
once in Howartli A' Son's mills at Rochdale,
Mass.

Two of St. Paul's. (Minn..) largest manufact-
ures. the Northwestern Cordage Company and
the AA’'alter A.A\’‘ood Harvester Company, started
up last month.

The works of the American Tin Plate Ma-
chine and Manufacturing Co., at Linfield. Pa.,
are in full operation again, the daily' product
being about ten tons.

The Fair Haven & AA^estfield Street Railway'
Company. Fair Haven, Conn., has contracted
with the AA’estinghouse Company' for the elec-
trical eciuipment of the road at a cost of $500,000.

A $12,000,000 street railway contract for the
building and etjuiiipingof an electric road a.bout
100 miles long in Brooklyn has ju'^t been signed
through the effort of AA’illiam B. Boiand of Bos-
ton. Mass.

AA'hat is said to be the largest fleet of coal
boats ever sent to New Orleans recently' left
Louisville. It contained forty-eight barges,
carrying about 40,000 tons, and covered eight
acres of water.

It is given out that the Johnstown. (Ohio. Steel
AA’orks, owned by Congressman Johnson, will be
removed to Cleveland. The company ]>roposes
to eejuip the plant with a (xerman steel process,
by which the metal will be carried from the ore
to the rail without remeltiiig.

Gone Up in Smoke.

At IllioD, N. Y. , Efau.^er’s i'urniture lac-
tory. T.oss, sl0,(i()0.

At Binghamton, N. Y., the electric light-
ing establishment.

At Racine, AVis., Belie City Mailealile
Iron Works. Loss, 1^40. 000.

At XcAvark. X. J., Stengel Rothschihl’s
leather factory. Loss. Sir>^00(l.

AtTiibn, (). The Mneath Glass Works.
Loss, $3t).0()(): insured for S12,(100.

At Ilarleton. Tex., liope Company's mill.
Loss. s:jr>,(j()() : insured for S18,OO0.

At Ihicine Junction, AVis., the plant of
Racine Iron company. Loss, SlOJjOO.

At Philadelidiia, Ra., Haney & White's
sash and blind factory. Loss, 810d,n(JO.

At Glen Falls, X. Y., the A S. I?ugge
Shirt, and Collar Factory. Loss, S10,i)00.

At Dodge, Mich., the Lansing Taimber
Company's plant. Loss, Sl*J,ddO ; insured.

At AVyaudotte, Mich., the plate mill of
the Eureka, Iron and Steel Works. Loss,
S(J.A.(i00.

At Gouverneur, X. Y.. the Gardner Pulp
Company’s talc mill. Loss, §50,000 ; insur-
ance, §’25, 000.

At Constable Hook, X. J., the Tidewater
Oil Company’s wax reiiuing department.
Loss, §100,000.

At Ithaca, Mich., the C. W. Althonse
Stave and Heading Alill. Loss, §25,000.
Insurance, §12,500.

At Yhiycross, Ga., the Waltertowii Saw
JMill plant, owned by the Waycross Air Line
Railroad. Loss, §100,000.

At 5Ianayuuk, Pa., the Alissonri Mill ;
making cotton yarns and dress goods. Loss,
§50,000 ; partially insured.

At Philadelphia, tlie lug mill of Frederick
RuTiilf & Bros., manufactures of table clothes
and counterpanes. Loss, §350,000.

The Ina^entive Age desires to publish
practical ideas from practical men and
yYoiiieu and to that end urges U])on those of
its readers Avbo are making new discoveries
and who possess information of interest to
our readers to send in communications from
time to time, for publication.

Mayor Hopkins has vetoed the ordinances
which grant to the Chicago City Railway^ Com-
pany^ the privilege of equipping for electric
traction most of its lines now traversed by horse
cars. The reasons assigned for the disapproval
of these important measures are found in the
mayor's belief that the city can make a better
bargain with the company' than that contained
in the ordinances as they recently passed the
city' council.

The draw of the great bridge over the Big
Muddy river at Omaha is now being swung by'
the AA’’aiulell-Entz storage battery.

At the instance of some of the ijrincipal elec-
tric light companies, the Canadian Government
has decided to established a system of inspec-
tion of electric meters similar to that already
in force for gas meters. A bill forthis purpose
is to be introduced in Parliament at the ap-
proaching session.

The new Broad street station of the Penn-
svlvania Railroad at Philadelphia when com-
pleted will contain over a hundred miles of con-
cealed electric wiring. About 53 miles of wire
will be required for the electric lighting alone,
which will be done with about 10,000 incandes-
cent lights. Not a gas pipe can be found in the
great structure, the sole reliance being on the
electric light. In the waiting room alone there
will be 2.500 lights, located principally in the
ceiling, where they will be arranged in rows
about the large square panels.

Perry Yarrington, president of the Chicago
Electric Company, is under indictment at Chi-
cago for embezzling $10,0iX) from the gas com-
pany.

It is announced that the Metropolitan Trac-
tion Company has decided to equip one of its
numerous lines in New Yorkeity' withtheBuda
Pesth underground system, with a view to even-
tually substituting this form of motive power
for hfirses on most of its lines if it gives satis-
faction. On Broadway*, where the traffic is
heavy', it has been decided to continue the cable.

The Concord, N. H.. Land and A\’’ater Power
Company' has for some months i)ast been en-
gaged in installing the first commercial mul-
tiphase transmission plant in the United States
of the same cliaracter as the one used in the
famous experimental tests between Lauffen and
Frankfort. (4ermaiiy. This dam is 500 feet long,
has a 22 foot head and a normal average capa-
city of 5,(HX) horse-power. The plant has a
capacity of live pairs of turbines, giving 2,01^0
horse-power. At 10 o'clock a. m., February 28,
tlie water was let into the canal for the first
time, and in 80 minutes all the machinery' was
in motion, with no hitch of any sort.

Electricity generated while the train is in
motion by means of a belt miming down
through the car to the axle of one pair of wheels,
has been tested for car lighting on the Central
Hudson Railway with fairly' good results.

The Cataract General Electric Company* has
been chartered to supply electricity with which
to operate boats. Thomas C. Platt, of the
United States Express Company. New York ;
Charlton T. Lvwis, counsel to the Mutual Life
Insurance Coni]iany',of New York, and AVilliam
Martens, of L. Von Hoffmann Sz Co., New York,
are interested.

An application has been made to the Court of
Chancery. Newark, N. J., by Thomas A. Edison
and Col. E. Gourand for the appointment of a
receiver for the Edison United Phonograph
Comjiaiiy. on the ground that it is an insolvent
eorporation.

Tile city' of Boston is now getting its streets
lighting done for 35 cents per light, under a
guarantee to use at least 2,000 lights.

An Extraordinary Offer.

The Inventive Age has made arrange-
ments whereby* it can furnish the complete set
of World's Fair views — 220 in all — at a nominal
figure. These views are not cheap wood cuts
but line half-tone cuts coveringevery important
feature of the greatest of the world’s exposi-
tions. The Inventive Age one .year, and this
set of views will be sent to any address, postage
I>aid for $1.35.

Still another great offer is that of the Peo-
ple's Atlas of the world— maps and statistics
corrected up to 1884 — 124 pages — maps of every*
state and every nation — a complete Atlas, with
over 300 illustrations, usual price $3 to $5. VVe
will furnish The In ventive Age one y*ear and
send the Atlas to an v address, postage paid for
$1.35. Reliable agents wanted in every* county
in the United States. Send for terms to
The Inventive Age,

AVashington, D. C.

Who Has Back Numbers of Inventive Age?

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back numbers and will be pleased to pay* all ex-
pense of postage.

1889— Nos. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 22
and 24.

1800— Nos. 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40,
41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, and 50.

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1893— January*, May*, June and July issues.

Advise us by postal in advance of what num-
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AVashington, D, C.

THE IXVEXTIVE ^GE

7J

CL

copies

CLASSIFIED list of Patents issued during the month appears in each issue of the IxvenTive Age, which keeps inventors posted in ihe art in w lLvh arv

mostly interested. The full address of any patentee, and uumljer of parent found below sent to any address on receipt of one 2-ceiu <rrtnip. - We w:; ;

send, postpaid, to any address, printed copies of any U. S. patents, with specifications and drawings, upon receipt of 20 cents for (u.ie cop;. ; s ■ ■■nw, for i .w o
50 cents for three copies. (See premium offer elsewhere in this issue.) Address THE INVENTIVE AGE, 8th H Sts., W.v-ug .ni ■ ..w iec

LIST OF PATENTS

GRANTED FOR INVENTIONS.

FEBRUARY 20, 1894.
fSee note at head of this list.]

Abdominal bandage. M Heath.

Acid, ccncentrating sulfuric. V SVulters.
Acid, making citric. ' C Wehmer.

Adding machine. S L Huizer.

Aerator. J W Dickinson.

Air, apparatus for heating and medicating
compressed. W S McLean.

Air brake coupling. ^V A and B S H Har-
ris.

Air biake coupling, automatic. W A and
B S H Harris.

Air compressor. P Brotherhood.

Alarm box, automatic. J H Smith.

Animal trap. N J Tanner.

Annunciator, electrical. N M Vatson.

Axle lubricator, carriage. F B Brock
Bag or purse frame. LB i>im.

Bag tyer, automatic. H H Nelson.

Bags, making. R E Hunt.

Bailing press. J W Martin.

Band cutter, grain^ G M Walker and AO
Calhooii.

Barrel stand, A Lockman.

Basket, fruit. T Cogswell.

Basket, metallic, L 51 Cabana.

Battery. D H Wilson.

Bearing for wheels, ndler. 5^ H Thompson,
Bearing, roller. J D Mattisou.

Bearing wheel, roller. S D Wright and J
W Hornsey.

Bed, spring. A E Beall.

Beer, making. J C Pennington.

Bell alarm, electric. W H OiTen, Jr.

Belt fastener. A W 51 Keen.

Belt, waist. W L de Normanville.

Bicycle. F Lillibridge.

Bicycle dust guard attachment. P 51‘ller
and J E Lambeth.

Bicycle mud guard. 51 E Griswold.

Billiard table. L Kastor.

Binder, temporary. 11 Bell.

Blind and ventilator, combined H P Egedal.
Blower, rotary. T W Green.

Boat. J L Burton.

Boat detaching apparatus. H E Rottmer.
Bobbin and spindle. T Wrigley.

Boiler flue cutter. C H Albert and C Fox,
Jr.

Boiler tester. L Kaezander.

Book backs, embossing. A Krah.

Book, memorandum sales slip. M Kin*
nard.

Book holder. J C Gooding.

Bottle cover or cap. A Assorati.

Bottle, nursing, h Turck.

Box corner binding. A A Wood.

Box fastening. N Nilsson.

Boxes, machine for manufacturing. R
Schleicher.

Brake. H Kleinian.

Bucket, coal handling. 5' G Curtis and J
D Isaacs.

Buckle, back band. W J Ware.

Bullion, refining base. C V Petraeus.

Bung. H A Lewie.

Bung, vent. R Schaefer.

Butter box or case. C L Sims.

Button. J W Beaumont

Can body making machine. C 51 Symonds.

Can filling machine. C 8 Buckliu.

Can filling machine. H R Slickuey.
Cannon, breech loading SSeabury.

Car brake. R S Haines.

Car brake adjuster. J Howard.

Car couiiliug. R C Butts.

Car coupling. T A Griffith.

Car coupling. 51 Lewis.

Car coupling. W H Robinson.

Car coupling. H Saamkoj'f.

Car coupling. I) K Slawsoii.

Car coupling. S G Wilber.

Car door. E L Phipps.

Car fender, safety. F De Fontes.

Car fender, safety. W J Ogden.

Car indicator, electric. H C Beckman-
Car, ore. C G Soderstvora.

Oar seat. A Sekyra.

Car wheel guard. D R Howard.

Carbureting apparatus for giis or vapor en-
gines. G E Hoyt.

Carburetor. G Cabrie Gardien.

Carding engines, machinery for operating
on Conjoined staples for. W Greaves and
J Wardle.

Carriage side door and seat combined. E
Seleu.

Cartridge elevating mechanism. F H Rich-
ards.

Castings, treating metal. H Heil.

Cattle guard P L Brady.

Chain, drive. L W Loomis.

Chamber or other li piid receiving vessel J
I) Rush.

Chart. ERE Cowell.

Chimney atUichmeut, fire and water proof.
A C 5iiller.

Churn. G A Rosson and C A AVever.

Circuit making and breaking device. D H
Wilson,

Clamp nail. H C Rasner.

Clutch. W Oesterleiu.

Clutch, split pulley friction. L S Bache.
Coating metals with osids. C K Arnold.
Coffee or tea pot condenser and dripper. J
A McClellan.

Cold storage structure. 0 H Burnham and
J J 5Ieyers.

Concrete pipe, molding. E L Rausome.
Coop. T MaiT and J Graham.

Cores, adjustable chaplet holder for support-
ing and centering. F L Badger.

Corn sheller and grater, convertible. W E
Crockett.

Corner bracket. A Fontaine.

Cot, folding. F C Hannalis.

Crane, hoisting. W .8 Black.

Crate, folding. II II < 'iimmer.

Crate, shipping. F T Howell.

Creamer, centrifugal. F O Nilsson.
Cultivator attachment. A Dyer.

Current inctor, alternating 2. C S Bradley.
Curtain fi.xture. E Schaub.

Curtain bolder. 0 E H Kramer.

Curtain ring. A B Schotield.

Cycle wheel. 51 D Rucker and G P 5[ills.
C^'clometer. I L Sheldon.

Damper regulator, steam boiler. R D Tom-
linson.

Dental engine mallet. F 51 5Ic( arty.

Dental tool. F A Kotts.

Idee machine, coin controlled. H C Bailey
and H Barker.

Disinfecting apparatus. B C Graves.

Door, coiled sliding. F A Schluns.

Door plate and memorandum slate. T
White.

Door securer. P Provonsha.

Drafting instnimenr, combination. G W
Deats.

r>raw bar mechanism. P Brown.

Dredging machine. G H Titcomb.

I>resser, commode, S:c A K Ilattebcrg.
Drilling machine. J P Lavinge.

Drilling machine, horizontal. F H Richards.
Dumping rack. W Underwood and C Prall.
I»ust and shaving collector. G J B Skinner.
Dust and water proof protector for shelf
goods, combined. N F Brandeberry.

Dust pan attavliment. R B Adiim'=.

I>ye, basic yellow. A Weinberg.

Dye, brown azo. 51 Hoffman and C Krolin.
Dynamo or electric motor. L Gutman.

Egg beater. J F Reim.

Electric cable T Guilleaiime.

Electric distribution box. U D and 51 A
Kleinsteuber.

Electric machine, dynamo. C F Brush.
Electric motor, alternating current. C S
Bradley.

Electrical circuit controller 2. R Callender.
Electrical converter. A L Riker.

Electrical meter. N Tesla
Elevator. C Hitzl.

Elevator. E W Houser and C U Decker.
Elevator brake, electric. G A Brown.
Elevator brake, electric 2. A J Shaw.
Engine indicators, reducing mechanism for
Steam. L T Snow and F H Pierpont.
Engines, electric igniter for gas. J Low and
J W Gow.

Excelsior cutting machine. W W Ryan.
Eyeglass frame connecting spring. II H
Hempler.

Fastening device. W II Payne.

Feed water heater and purifier. R G 5Ic-
Auley.

Fence. J 51 Fulmer.

Fence. D Richardson.

Fence, smooth wire. W J Oiler.

Fence, wire. H 51 Anderson.

Fiber disintegrating machine. J B Carter.
File, bill. J M D France.

File, letter. A Krah.

Fire escape. N Bouvier and I Belair.

Fire escape. F Johnson.

Firearm operated by gases of explosion. W
T Unge.

Fireproof structure. M F 51cCarthy.
Fishing apparatus. W R Lamb.

Fishing reel. C Wiebeck.

Flax separator. J Benesh.

Flooring, fireproof. E L Ransome.
Flowerpot W L Vestal
Fumes of lead sulfid. method of and appara-
tus for saving. EO Bartlett.

Furnace. 51 C Browne.

Furnace. S J Curry.

Furnace breasts, method of and apparatus
for cooling. 51 W lies.

Furnace gases, apparatus for separating
metallic fumes from. 51 W lies.

Furnace, liquid fuel. E S Sperry.

Furnace tap. E P 5Iatliewson.

Furnaces, dust chamber for metallurgical.

A Chanute and 51 W lies.

Furnaces, foreheartli jacket for blast. 51 W
lies.

Gaming machine. C Seymour.

Game counter. G C Bateman.

Game instructor, child's. P A Finn.

Gas motor K A Jakobson.

Gas or petroleum motor. H 51 L Crouan.
Gas producing furnace. 8 P Hutchinson
and 8 L Wiesand.

Gate. 0 B Colcord.

Gear wheel and making same. C E Beck.
Glass cutter. W J 5Iiiler.

Glove. H 51 Peyser.

Grain binder cord holder. W Coppage.
Grain shovel. J Cliff.

Griddle greaser holder. 51 Blair.

Grinder, cutlery. P A Otis.

Grinding mill. J W Vaughn.

Grip opener, automatic. AV P Courtney.
Gun, boomerang. P Vogel and AV 51 Schrock.
Gun carriage, pneumatic. J Rapiefl.
Harrow, disk. J AA* Simpson.

Harvester, cotton. L E Turner.

Harvester, potato. F Schaefer.

Hay carrier. AV Louden.

Hay press. L Primeau.

Heating and ventilating, xc., apparatus for.
J Reynolds.

Heating and ventilating dwelling houses.
A H Smith.

Heel stiftner machine. L Cote.

Hides, Arc., machine for rolling. G M Jiisher.
Hooks and eyes upon rods, machine for form-
ing. C 5lonahan.

Horseshoe. T N Jones.

Hose bridge and to^\e^. J Blake and EF
Besiebing.

Hose colliding, air brake. J R Bragg and J
51 5Ioyers.

Hubs, sectional chill for wheel. S D AATight
and J AV Hornsey.

Insect trap. L 51 Long.

Insulating electric wires, material for. G A
Cannot.

Jar fastening. R I Patterson.

Joint plate and burr holder. F Ht-rman.
Joiiit*^ witli metal clamps, macliine fa- mak-
ing. J Temler,

Knit garments, garment sleeve and knitting
anil adaptiiiij same for attachment to. F
A Byram.

Knitting machine, circular rib. C J Apple-
ton

Knitting machine for trimmings. 0 E Kil-
111 a rx.

Lamp, arc. AA' 0 Meissner.

Lump, electric arc. B Ford.

Lamp, electric arc. 8 AV Ruslimore.

Lamp, tubular, W 8 Hamm and A 51 I>u-
biirn.

Lawn rake. L Gibl s-
Lifting fork, G 51 Parsons.

Lifting jack. H 51 .Vndei-son.

Lime, slacking. E L Ransome.

Locomotive boiler. T A Henderson,
Locomotive crane. AV 8ellers and W Lewi-^.
Locomotive draft regulator. C A 5IcCul-
locli and F AVelliver.

Locomotive fire kindling apparatus. J 5Ic-
Nauglitou.

Loom shuttle spindle. H A Foster.

Low water boiler alarm. F 51 Ashley.

5Iail bag. J C Jenkins.

5Ialt liquors, beater and cooler for fermented.
J H Kersenbrock.

5Iatch stick bunching machine- D F Eisen-
luirt.

5Iatte from slag, separating 51 AA' lies.
Alattress weaving machine, wire. J 51 Finch
and C Pfeiffer.

5Ieasnre. liquid. H Gregsou.

51easuring machine, warp. T Blackburn.
5Ieasuring, registering and sacking ma-
chine, grain. J U Teetor.

5Ierry go round. AV 5Iumbrauer.

51erai drilling machine. W llabersang and
F Zinzen.

Afetal from slag, recovering. 51 W lies.
Micrometer gage *2. J P Lavigne.
5Iicrometer surface gage. J P Lavigne.
5licrotome. R Slee.

Aliner's hats, lamp support for. J A Simp-
son.

5Iold. E L Ransome.

Molding machine, Inside. J H Blaisdeil.
5Iole trap. E Klink.

5Iosquito net frame. A C Lottman,

Necktie. F C Overton.

Nuzzle, exhaust. S A Livingston.

Nut lock. J D Cambell.

Nut making machine. S H 5Iarkham.

Nut, vehicle spindle. R AV AIcClelland.
Office indicator. J H Phillips.

Oil can and filler. E AA' Luce.

Oil or fat, apparatus for extracting. J A
Ligbthall, Jr.

Ordnance sight. E A' Skoda.

Ores with solutions of alkaline cyanides,
leaching. A Janin and C W 51errill.
Packing machine sack case. A H Nordyke.
Packing, piston rod. T J Hudders.

Packing, valve stem. J Olson.

Painter's striping tool. J Zorn.

Pantograph. W E Hoke.

Paper bags, machinery for manufacturing
satchel bottomed. A J Denoyer.

Paper box setting up machine. G AV Glazier.
Paper doll. 51 AIcDonabi.

Papers, pamphlets, xc. Holder for. F.'B F
Campbell.

Partition, building. F Keppler.

Pencil or crayon cases, making. EAVeisseu-
born.

Perfume receptacle, portable. G A Ritter.
Photographic camera shutter. S C Jones.
Photographic vignetter. H L Hultgreu.
Piano action. AV L Hawes.

Piano action regulator. H P Brown.

Piano action, iipriarht. G 5J Guild.

Piano damper. A T Strauch,

Pianoforte action, upright. J H Ludwig
and C A Ericsson.

Pianos, stringing. C S AA'eber.

Pigment from lead fumes, method of and ap-
paratus tor making white lead. E 0 Bart-
lett.

Pigment from lead fumes, making sublimed
lead. E 0 Bartlett

Pigment from metallic fumes, apparatus for
the manufacture of. E 0 Bartlett.
Pigment furnace. E 0 Bartlett.

Plane. J A Traut and C Bodmer.

Planter. J C Lloyd.

Pla^'ter. R B Ormiston.

Planter, check row corn. J AA* C and G A
Thode.

Planter, corn. G AA' Campbell
Planter, corn. A Liston and C Schick.

Plate and cup and Siuicer holder. 0 L Mil-
ler.

Plate lifter. H AV Alarkham.

Plow. J 11 Wiles,
pocket book. 51 Scheuer.

Pocket knife. B von Bultzinsrslowen.

Polo, vehicle. AV R 5Iaxwell.

Post or pole hole machine. J P Alorris,
Potato digger. I> Y Hallock.

Pottery kiln. J Hawthorn.

Pump. J F Hess.

Pump, air. F Black.

Pump, hydraulic air. E II AVeatherhead.
Pump spout strainer. G Gauntz.

Puzzle apparatus. E E Blanchard.

Railway conduit, electric. 51 S Towson.
Railway crossing gate J 51 Swem.

Railway switch. E H Leighton.

Railway switch. J N 5Ioehii.

Railway switch. AV F Stedman.

Railway system, electric. N Tesla.

Railway trains, electric signaling between.
J J Czepull.

Railway trolle}', electric. C J A’an Depoele*

Range and ga«* st-oe, conibin* d c- -iking. R
R Fim-h and T J Hodgkin-.

Jo-lrigt-rator, T F Creaij.

Refrigerator car.-, exteii.-ildi* ve>til>iile f-r
ii.-o in loading. II C ' .ardnor.
Relrjgerat'-r, di-j lay. F U Warner.
Rheo>Iat- G A Brown.

Rlieo.^tat. A B Lyon. .

Rheo.-tat 2. A J .''haw

.''addle altacliinent. c-W J.eiipold.

.Safety pm. 51 .1 rtriffin.

8ale^ ^lip case, memorandum 2. AV M Kln-
nard.

Sasli cord fa.-ieiier. R G Barrie-.

8ash cold guide. C Wolcott.

Sash liol'ler. P K o'Lally.

8aw teeth, device for shaping -waged. .1 F
I’ribiiow.

Seal fur can>. heimetic. F We-terbeck.
.Seeding niacliino. AV W 51 irsdeii.

Sewer pijje joint • vitrified fire clay. J E
Edwards.

w n iiiachiiie shuttb-. H .\, Bates and AA
H B nt tr,

wn ina (bine take up. J R .''^cott.

Sew .-wear liand< ill hats. J Stewart. Jr.
8ha (• U Fi.rbes.

Shade roller. K F Ilart-horn.

Sheet metal, roller die fur foriuing weakened
line.s in. J Ziiiinierman and J Iv Under-
down.

Sheet metal vessel. J Zimm'Tinaii and J K
I nderdown.

Sljolf luacket. T Cor.<caden.

Shelving, adju:^tabb•. P .1 I’auly, Jr. and H
Schneider.

Shoe protector. J H and AV F SchoMing.
signaling transmitter, automatic. R Callen
der.

Silver I'lating. compn.^ition for. G W Odell.
Snow shelter. C Klauke.

Soda fountain 2. T Riley.

Sounding lead. P T Peterson.

Sower, ^teed. J A (Tleixner aiul P Schaff. ^
Spindle for conical cop tubes. AA' J 51cCaus-
land.

Spinning spindle support. T B Flanders.
Spraying oil or other liquids, apparatus for.

L L 5IerrifieM.

Stami'ing block. I Davis.

Steam and drain trap, automatic. F Lam-
plough.

Steam aud gas motor, combined. J G Light-
ford.

Steam and removing extraneous matter, ap-
paratus for purifying. C M Baum.

Steam engine, osciilatiug- E E P Tiuesdell.
Steam generator. J A and A\' G AA'elton. Jr.
Steel liars, machine for upsetting the ends of.
E H Bourne.

Steering gear, electric. F L Dyer.

Stove. J A Horton and S 51 Quest.

Stove. F L A'oegtly aud J cliroeffel.
Stovepipe or flue cleaner. A Y Graham.
Stump extracator. E Oneil.

Surgical chair. J E Ruuze,

Switchboard system. 1» H AA’ilson.

Swivel. F .'^aiathe.

Syringe. C D Ilarsin.

Tack driving macliine. E AA’oodward.

Tag, envelope and receipt, combined ship-
ping. N J Bislioprick.

Tags and counting and separating same into
piles, machine for making. C E Sawyer.
Tap wrench. A H Kent.

Tea, coffee, A'c., apparatus forj makius:. J
Childs.

Telephone. D I> ra w b augb .

Telephone pay stations, automatic toll box
fur. H C Root.

-.-clephone receiver cushion. A' A Cook.
Telephone transmitter. P Fitzsimoiis.
Thread cabinet 2. H T Luster.

Thread unwinding apparatus. M A' Palmer.
Time alarm, electric. J C Betts,

Tire, pneumatic. D P j-ims.

Tire repairer, luieumatic. C E Buckbee.
Tongs, pipe. AA' King.

Tongue support. T S' Savage.

Top, spinning. G H Hvne.

Transformer. 1' S Hunting.

Tray, serving. H L Palmer.

Trimming, dress protector. G H Taylor
Triturating and iiowdering machine. A B
Hall.

Trolley conductor and support. 51 D Law.
Trolley wire support. R 51 Hunter.

Truck, barrel. J J Becker.

Truck center plate, car. AV ,T O'Byrne.
Truck, dry kiln lumber. F Kirk.

Truck, vehicle. AV Voss.

Trunk, wardrobe. AV Deiitsch.

Tying machine. L S BurbauK.

Type writing machine 3. S L Coude.

A'alve. J F Ives and F B Colman.
A'alveand steam trap, automatic drain. F
Lamplough.

A'alve operating mechaniem. J AV Ogden.
A'alve, steam actuated. T J Piers.
A’entilalor, J A Ashburu.

AA'agou brake, automatic. F A A' Thelander.
AA Hlclimaker's bench tool. C .V .Stebbius.
AViiidow operator. R K Smith and J R Pile
Window screen. CS N'orcross.

AVindows, framing for stained glass. H A
Lewie.

AVire and ribbons, machine for hardening
and tempering steel. E Ashworth.

AA'ood, compound for bleaching and preserv-
ing. S Cabot.

AA'ool oiling product. E Godcliaux.

AVrencli. D H Carpenter.

AA'reiicli. AV Houghton.

Zinc, manufacturing oxid of. E 0 Bartlett.

PATENTS GRANTED FEB. 27, '94.

Adjustable and foldingchair. AA’ B AA'hite.
Air-hrake aiiparatus. 51 L Rotliscbild.
Air-brake systeiu. 51 L Rotliscbild.
Air-compressor, hydraulic. J H Champ.

.\i •-ii;'ht . • ii.-> • . .1 ^

cm;- Nl. 1' lli„i..;in.

A rioa* or <•. ••). I , li' I ■ ;i, W J - . i ,
.\rjii' 111- i,J : n.'. JI ' r.

A t- lui/' i . 51 II - cl i 1

.\t< JuiZ'-r. J H " ■< \:

n—. I' i - .-.tl-wi k.

Bai k-r— ill,: h:ij Fll -ti Tijl. -•

JL-iii. ■ .o. ( J1 Ili.'.ii -.

Ibaiii.-c II Hill k -

Ji .uiii- AV.I'lriii'

Be.ii ii... r dl. ; . W 1 W .

aii'l -Ir -J P r A B -

IL-i-b’HC--. .1 A K • . .

B -i-bra. ■ . \V P

B-b. f.ldin^. K 1. H>..- .

Be-T. -levir : : b . i, ' H ' .

B -r-varv api a: >• - ' i i- II j; t I-

spacher.

Bi-ll. pii-'iimaJ i'c .1 ^ ai --pT.

Bi- y- b.-. H B- .-\a.:i.

Pdcyclc-craiik. Z L « na ii. irn*'.

Bicycle -upp..rtio^ -i- M' --. K J*K.g n
Billiairi- ID-, I.t-ti'nia:; : r l**:il!i t •: i .b-
ber tip- - -ij. L L 5Iai 11;.'..'.

Biii-b'r. t< iiijj.-r:it V. J T(i.ib-.

Blackboard. F K Hb k- k.

Bl'.w-pipe. J I> Kline-.

Blow oi- c-,,ij|pr --or. AV K *, i.

Boat and mean.' f -r pp -p-dl in - -.ine- .\ 51 o ty .
Boiler, maniifa rnnT'd' man-iiolfs and -lan-i-
jdpe^ f...r -team. AV 51 ib-m j,n-l AS' ;lioJii-i-i.
Bolting-reel '.Jotb fasieni nir devi<-.-, .J AS'ar-

ringtou,

B'-riiig or drilling macliine. AS’ - .-‘beiinaii.
B -riim or drilling tool-. c"rap'--ilion Idr.
Terp.

B --h-plate. coiubinati-'n. AS R -ttb -iT.

Bottle closing 'I'-vice. R Herz.

B.>ttle packing wrapjier. J T Ferri-s.
BotTle-.-to{iper. T > . hwi'r.

Bottle-stopper. A .Stulzerand J ^ :baf- r.
Bottle-stopper and ink-fill-.-r. R Ci II -ikins.
Bottle-waslier. AS' .1 Mnealli--.

B -tile-wrapper. T F SS' ^ hniidt.
B"X-macliiiie. A Ki(i^>ibury.

Brake-beam. G SS' Erteu^er.

Breathing-tube. J T SS'illiide.
Brick-niachiue cut-olT table. AS' SS* AVallace
and R C Peiifield*.

Bridg-e, transp-.-rtable metallic. F Pntsil.
Bridle-bit R 51 Devereanx.

Bridle for horse, controllinsr. AS* A Lewi.-.
Brush cutter, sage. F K Fromau and H C
Aliirray.

Bushing for drums or pulleys. .T SS'alker,
Burglar-alarm. J F Harvey and 1> .Shield.^.
Burglar-alarm. H C F E Snowman and N E
Lacey,

Butter-worker. F B Fargo.

Can-heading machine. D I) Ranney.
Can-opeuer. I) Earl and A Goodman.
Candle-extinouislier. P Curran.

Car-brake. G AS' AlacKenzie, T C Sloane, and
M B Sloan.

Car-brake. H H Sessions.

Car-coupling. D AS'Brunton.

Car couiiliiig. C B Calhoun.

Car couiOing. P J l>ockray.

Car-coupling. F. Eri'.>5.

Cur-coupling. R F Linllow.

Car-coupling. P 51 Reagan.

Car door, grain. J H Goode. AS' H .Vnthony,
and T S Lloyd.

Car fender, safety. AS' R F'-wIer.

Car fender, street. SS' H Brock.

Car fender. :tr et. AV AS* IVay.
Car-platform. L S 5Ianiiing,

Car-platform door. L S 5Ianuing.

Car. railway. II c Buhoup.

Car-replacer. P J Schmidt aud G AS'ebcr.
Car Siifety attachincnt. >trect. H A Ib-wc.
Car-step. L S Alarming.

Car. street. T II AS'ickes.

Car-vestibule, G Abel.

Car-vestibule, LS Alanning.

Cars, ventilating railway. R 51 Pancoast.
Cai’biiretor. J T AlcCarrier.

Carpet beater-. C S Chaffee, Hoft'man,
and F A Green.

Cash register and indicator. G AS* Bailey.
Cash register and indicator. SV P Putnam.
Chain, breast. SV 51 Piper.

Cliair. C N S'ankirk and C AS' Biay.

Check hook. T A Fairbairn.

Cheese. .Artificially enriching. P F Gibbons
and E Buchanan.

Cliimuey atTachmeiit. T E Coles.

Cliinniey. Sectional ventilating. S H Rich-
mond.

Cigareite-cutting machine. (J F Cailic.
Clock spring arbor bearing. F ''treet.
Clothes line. F S AlcKay.

Clotlies line pulley. J 51 Alurphy.

Clothes line supiiort^ adiustalde safetv. R
AIcNab.

Clutch, Friction. 51 D >uiallev.

Cock, high pressure ball. H AA'eedeu.

Coin operated device. C 51 Stincr. ^

Coin operated lock. F 51 ever.

Coin receptacle. A AV .loiies.

Compound engine. AV E Good and G B
Petsche.

Cooking api'aratus. J Pleiiske.

Cooking utensil. T SVetsclierek.

Cooking vt'ssel, combinaTioii. J Ziiin.

Cork extractor. H II Bli-s,

Cork puller. E SS'alker.

Cork puller, automatic. E SS’alker.
Corkscrew. T Creliii.

Coupling device. J T Ho-fler.

Culiiuuy vessel handle. F J Alorgan,
Cultivator. 11 SS' Leavitt.

Cycle frame. A Perkins,

Detector bar operating inochanisin. A II
Johnson.

Display counter. AS' L Sountag and R A
Brennan.

Distilling apparatus. FE AS'allace.

Ditching macliine. SS* L Harvey.

Door brace, screen. A F Judd.

Door fastener. 11 Kappele.

THE INVENTIVE AGE

72

Door hanger wheel. E Y !Moore.

Douche bath. 0 A Gratstroni.

Draft equalizer. AV Eikenbary.

Draft regulator. J T Lawler.

Dredging machine. G II Titconib.

Dry kiln. W V Murphy.

Drying and cooling apparatus for grain, &c.
O W Bisbee.

Drying tea, sugar, A'c., apparatus for. E
Robinson.

Dye. brown. M Ulrich, J Bammann, and M
lierzberg.

Dye, gray, A Israel and K Bathe.

Dynamo current collector. C K Ruberts.
Eccentric. F M 'Wargach.

Electric heater, AS Hatch.

Electric heater. S E Nutting.

Electric machiiu', dynamo, J Wenstrom.
Electric motor. C boriid.

Electrical controller. E .\ Sperry.

Elevatoi- safety device. H. H. Day.
Enameled ironware, making. A .1 Vollrath.
Enameling ironware. A J Vollrath.
Envelopes, maehiue for fixing threads in. 31
Grube.

Exercising aparatus. G A Bowen.

Fan guard. A W 3Ieston.

Fastener for glas-s or other vessels. C Fiseher.
Fence. T S \Vi]liam>.

Felice^ wire. I C Allen.

Fertilizers, making pho.<i)liatic. J Gregory.
Filter, germ proof. A L. \Vilkins<»n. Sr.

Fire alarm telegraph svstem, aiixiliarv. J
Sachs.

Firearm, automatie. L King.

Fire extinguisher chemical. 31 L Bi)sworth.
Fire j>lug or hydrant. II Thomson.

Flooring clamp. \VP Davis.

Floors or ceilings, construction of. .T F
Kleine.

Flue, smoke jjijie. T D vGarner, .Tr.

Flushing tank. J 11 Donnelly and C F
Barton.

olding table. G A Bowen.

Foot, artificial. J II Kane.

Footrest. J.VBiyli^s.

Form, draping. J 31 Waltera.

Fruit drier. 0 J Kurtz.

Fruit picker. L Abbott.

Furnace. R Ilartje.

Furnace. F 11 Richards.

Furnace for steel melting or analogous pur-
poses, higli'teinperature. B 11 Tliwaite.
Furnaces, apparatus tor controlling the ad-
mission of air to. G L Thiell.

Galvanizing furnace, i>ot or tank. G Liehau.
Game counter. W t>uw<lon.

Game table. W E Andrew.

Gas, apitaratiis for tlie manufacture of. J W
Hayes.

Gas burner. H A Fry.

Ga.s engine, E Narjot.

Gas lighter, electric. J O Dahlgren.

Gas producer. L Bemelmans.

Gases under pressure for obtaining motive
power, means loi generating. A Nobel.
Gate. W C Hooker.

Generator. W .1 Raiiton.

Glass, decorating. A Steffin.

Glassware, article of. A Steffin.

Grain separator machine. W H Webb.

Grain wiisher, barley or other. ,1 A Saladin.
Grate, traveling 2. E B Coxe.

Grimling machine work holder. W Linden.
Gun, magazine holt. U 3Iarga.

Harvester. G H Miller.

Harvester, corn or canc. R B Robhios.
Harvester sheaf carrier. J F Sciberliug.
Heating ami smoke consuming apiiaratus, G
W Poole.

Heating or ventilating device. II P Ilnse.
Heel burnishing machine, wax. J 0 Uollitis.
Heel randing and trimming inacbiDe, .1 F
Isaacson.

Hinge, spring. A S Held.

Hinge, tSpring. W P Keenan.

Hitciiing device. C W Collins.

Hoist, differential, W T Clears.
Horse*detacbcr and brake, combined. A II
Chilton.

Horseshoe calk. .1 F G de Rou.ssy de v^ale.s.
Hydrocarbon burner. J Williams and G A
Cu miner.

Incubator. J K Roberts.

Injector. L E Hogue.

Insect screen and trap. R .1 and R S A Tar-
bell.

Insulated pipe coupling. G Peojdcs.
Insulating thimble. I A Brown.

Insulators supporting same. Fixing (dec-
tric comlucling wires to. R Sfchoinburg.
Intrenching tool. G E Alhee.

Jacquanl hooks, machine fur bending. R C
31 anville.

Label for file binders. A R Baker.

Lace fastener, slice. -1 lloiner.

Ladder extension attachment. W Gatos.
Lamp, electric arc. G Kirkegaard.

Lamp, electrical glow. H Cottrell.
Lampshade. W E Ward.

Lamp socket. L Stirn.

Lamp socket, incandescent R C Nourse.
liHinp socket, incandescent. L Stirn.

Lathe dog. G H Willis.

Lathe, tiirrcnt. ¥ H Richanls.

Laumiry frame. J Wisner.

Lawn sprinkler. S H Stott.

Lead, peroxidizing. W W Griscom.
l.eatlier shaping machine. S Ross.

Lift, hoist, Ac. P G Backman.

Line reel, fastener, and tightner, combined.
C Wagoner.

Linotype machine. II A Stall.

Lock. E A Judd.

Lock. J F Williams.

Loom let off mecliaiiism. IT Wright.

Loom picker staff. J Languirand.

Loom picking mechanism. 0 Pijier.

Loom temple R Rigby.

Loom warp stop motion. 0 Smith,

Loom weft stop motion. 0 Piper and J E
Newton.

Lubricator. G A Ilofmeyer.

Lubricator. J E Lagermau.

Lubiicator. L 3Iertens.

Luggage carrier. J II Steen.

3Iachinery, rope or cable system fer operat-
ing. J H Watts.

"Malt liquora, apparatus for making. A W
Billings.

3Iarine signal. G W Stewart.

3Ieasure, tailor’s. .1 A Aim.

3Ieasuremeijts, adjustable draft for roof and
brace. B F 3Iorgan.

3Iedical compound. J V Wilson and C R
Wores.

3Ietal rods, device for reducing the ends of.
0 0 Elsasser,

3Ietals, apparatus for electrically beating or
working. C L Coffin.

3Ionkey wiench. H Bivin.

3Ioj) head and wringer. \V 0 Harland.
3Iortar mixing machine. .1 L Bowles.
3Iotor. .1 J Guldhaug.

3Iouer. lawn. F 31 Waters.

3Iowing machine cutting api'aratus. H
3Ioon-

3In.sic leaf turner. J C Stinson.

3Iusic stand and case, combined. J H Brook-
mire, Jr.

3Iusical instrument. H G Carswell.

31usical instrument. I S Goldman.

Nailing machine, box. B S .\twoorl.

N<‘edle blank swaging machine. W H Day-
t-ai.

Numbering machine. F Samlers.

Niit luck. J E Simms.

( Jar. .TNI odge.

Gil burner. T 3IcT>onald.

Gil can. C 1 1 Pheljis

Gulnance, breecli loaiiing. G Gerdom.

fJre coiicentiat'ir. T .1 Lovett.

Partitian, fireproof. F H 3Iela.

I’eeliug machine, vegetable. C Beiittel.

Pein il cases, machine for making. K Weis-
senborn.

Perforating trad. H Wartli.

Perinanagannte bloi k and making same,
porous J H Patkinson.

Piaiiii attachment. L 31 French and C
Nalence.

Piano strings, niacbine for covering. F E
Lyon.

Pigment, making sublimed lead. E 0 Part-
left and C V Prtraeiis.

Pipe joint. W Sykes.

Pitelii r, ice. F E Wallace.

Plane, stop ami chamfer. A A Curry.
IMaiiter, J E Betts.

Planter, corn. G D Frederick.

Planter, hand seed. J 31 Basket.

Plyw. H Wianl.

Pule coupling, vehicle. A Stair.

P-Ttfolio. W Jesehke.

Post hole digger. W Daugherty and J S
Hill.

Pressure gage. II Rauser, C Wieber, and A
Sok{dofi.

Primary battery. 0 J IlnVTell.

]‘ri>iieller, screw. M 0 31iltzlaff.

Propelling ai'paratus, boat or vessel. II
Barcrott.

Propelling boats, means for. II W Iloeft.
I’lilverizing and amalgamating ajiparatus.
A Tornagbi.

Pulverizing mill. S K and E C Griffin.
Pump, deep well. C A Kelley.

Pumping engine governor. T Shaw.

Railway bond, electric. J 3Ieyer.

Railway chair. C H Read.

Railway, comluit electric. J A Cassidy and
W A Butler.

Railway crossing electric alarm system. A
J Wilson.

Ihulway, electric. B F Comstock.

Railway signal, electrical. II V Riley and
< ’ Sol don.

Railway signal system, automatic electric.

( ' P Breese.

Railway signaling apparatus. S II Harring-
ton.

Railway switch. W Halliday and T F Rawls.
Riiilway switch. C B Price.

Railway switch, automatic. W J Coughlin.
Railway tie. A C Petzman.

Railway tie. S A Roake and F G Smith.
Railway track. 31 G Hubbard.

Bailway, viro, C Hutchinson.

Range, cooking. II J Wattles.

RaTi.’het drill. W lx Bonham.

Rofrigeratit'U, apparatus for dynamic. E
Hill.

Refrigerator. G A Bowen.

Rein liolder. T J Weir.

Rolling niacliine, sheet metal. W R Kin-
near.

Rotary engine. C P 3Ioore and F B 3IcGrew.
Rotary engine. J C Walker.

Rule gage, J J McManus.

Ruler. F Frank.

Safe door hook rack. H 31 Schmidt.

S.iles recorder and check printer, niamial. J
P Gieal.

Sawing machine. 31 Garland and C 31 Pres-
cott.

Sawmill carriage feed mechanism. G 31
Hinkley.

Scraiiiiig machine, road. J H Hawkins.
Screw driver. E A Eggeit.

Secondary battery. L B Rowley.

Sectional boiler. F Grute.

Seed rack. A Forbes and A G O'Neil.
Separator L'ovei nor attachment. J Ovei holser.
Sewing maebine. L L 3Iiller.

Sewing maebine. J K Scott.

Sewing machine, boot or slioe. 31 C and T
.1 Denm*.

Sewing niacliine. pop stitch. L L 3Iiller.
Sewing macliines, method of and apparatu.s
for winding cops to be used in. 3V
1 Juebemin.

Shirt bosom protector. E H Carleton, Jr.
Shoe. S Lissauer.

Sifting machine, asli. C E French.

Signal compensator. J GSchreiider.
Signaling apparatus. J W Kngli.«h,

Signaling apparatus. 0 D and 31 A Klein-
steuber.

Si[)hon. S W Lewis.

Skate, roller. S W Finch.

Smelting and separating furnace. L R
Bonehill.

Smoke and gas consuming furnace. G E
3IcCaskey.

Smoke catcher and separator. F L 3IcGalian.
Smoke consuming furnace. R Walsh.

Spark arrester. T Lee.

Speed gearing, variable 2. N J Pntchard.
Spindle. W F Draper.

Spindle and bearing. W F Draper.

Spindle and bearing. J H Northrop.

Spinning rings from sheet metal, die fur
shaping. 31 I) 3Iarcy.

Sprayer, insect powd’ rand sand. CG Davis.
Spring motor. .1 .1 and C A 3IcCarthy.
Stamii, .steam. C W Tremain.

Stampiiiy; machine. S B Whitehead.

Staves, At., machine for cutting barrels. B
I> Whitney.

Stay fastening, dre.ss. F A Gibbs.

Steam boiler. J Buchanan.

Steam engine. L 0 Royer.

Stitteners for ladie^’ dresses, machine for
corrugating. G Rosenwaid.

Stove or range. W L Butts.

Street sweeper. 0 Z O’Neil.

Stud, collar or scarf. W H Peer.

Ntump puller. II L Bennett and R B Adams.
Suit, combination. 31 Loewedtlial.

Surgical tourniquet. G L B Ruunseville.
Swaging machine, rotary. J C Tatt.
Syringe, hypudei mic. j W Daily.

Tablet, editor’s or reiiortei 's ready copy pajjer,
W S McKean.

Telegraphic instructor. T J Houck and H
31 Browning.

Telephone exchange switch and circuit, J J
fJ’Gomiell.

Thill couplings, antirattler for. FP Jolin-

Si'Il.

Tlira.^hiiig machine band cutter and feedor.
J Neiisun.

Tins, Ac., holder for II R Saunders.

Tire, wheel J Lones, (' Veruon, and E
Holden.

Tires, inliating pump for inflating pneuma-
tic. L Holt,

Tongue support. J W Brenner.

Tongue support. J W Lindquist.

Tongue, veliicle. A B 3IcKay.

1’ooi, universal. H 3Iork.

Tootii. artificial. H B Hanell.

Toy or tiick device. A D Mountain.

Toy, sintike ring. .1 T Coinmoss.

Tramway switch. S L Cole.

Transom lifter brackets, manufacture of. C
Glover.

Trunk lock. E .V Judd.

Tug, liume. F W Miller.

Typo writing machine 2. A Larsen.
Umbrella drip attachment. D W Whitaker.
Valve. 0 Birkery.

Valve. H H Burritt.

Valve, balanced check. T 31 Eynou.

Valve body. F H Richanls.

Valve mechanism fur compound engines,
combined starting and drip. S 31 Vauclain
and K Rubhton.

Vapor burner 3. J A Cliamller.

Vajiorizing apparatus for the complexion,
toilet. B K Gwens.

Veliicle wlieel. G S Crosby.

Vehicle wlieel. R 0 Wood.

Vehicle wheel. M C Yarwood.

Vehicle wreucli. G B Martin.

Velocipede. E Henington an 1 R I Butler.
Velocipeile, ice. F E Nadou.

Veneer drying aitparatus. A S Nichols.
Ventilator. E Voss.

A'essels, device f'T removing ashes from
marine steam. 31 0 31iltzlaf[.

Vise. J W Flowers.

Wagon, dumping. A J Thompson.
Washtubs, connection furcement. G Deiier-
lein.

Washing maebine. J Neukirchen
Water beater, stovepipe. E R Austin.

Water meter, proportional. J Thomson.
Water meter, rotary. T Zanger.

Wheel rail guard, vehicle. CJ Wagener.
Windmill. C B Putnam.

Windmill nnlder hinge. F Waidner.
Windows, mounting, operating, and locking
swinging. E E De Kah.

M'ire coupling. I> A Byers.

Wood box, kindlingand ash receptacle, coni-
hiT^ed. J H 3IcJntosh, Sr.

PATENTS GRANTED MAR. 6, '94.

Alumina, making. K J Bayer.
Amalgamating silver ores. A Janin.
Ammonia, manufacturing. H A Frasch.
Ammonia still, A Ellis.

Annealing apparatus. G W BiMt.
Armacure for dynamo electric machine. 31
Waddell and .1 B Ent/..

Bait and fishing tackle box, combined. E T
Breitlianpt.

Baling press. IT Clark and P D 3Iyers.
Baling ])ress. 31 0 Nixon.

Band machine. J Welker.

Bandage, ear. A Tliamrn.

Banjo tail piece. E 1> Jsoii.

Basin clamp. H 3Iueller.

Battery use, auteiiiatic switce for storage.
T A Willard.

Beams, maehiue for cutting sections of me-
tallic. 31 H Cameron jmd W Snape.

Bean separator. E Knafip.

Bed bdttuiii, wire. G H Elliott,

Beil, s]ning. i» G Rollins.

Bell, alarm. C S Bradley.

Bel! ringing me' hanism. W H Durfee.
Bicycle, (t W Fieenian.

Bicycle. F E Roberts.

Bicycle Httacbmeiit. W J Acbeson.

Bicycle attaclmient. B A J^niith.

Bicycle tlriving gear, V (’rnger.

Biscuit making machine. W Christie.
blowpipe.^, device for moving moil from. 31
J Gwens.

Ik)ard ami cutter, combined. A H Seaver.
Biiiler water alarm. CA Hatch.

Book. A C Nis-ion.

Boot or^boe stretcher. K T Bear.

Bottle. K B Yeiby.

Pmttle hick stopper. J A Sliepanl.

Brittle sto])per, valve. N F T Hunt.

Box closure R W Jolinson.

Itrake. W Schmid.

Bread tray and rolling board, combined. T
Collins.

Brick from city refuse, manufacture of. E
L Kansome.

Brick macliiue. N B Rice.

Brick or tile cutting table. J D Fate.

Bridge gate. G Laut.

Bridge gate. G F Ryan
Brush cutting machine. M P Kelly and C
Holloway.

Bucket, oyster. W E Grume.

Buckle, trace. G V Martin.

Building comstruction E L Ransome.
Burglar alarm. A N Woodard.

Can body making machine. C 31 Symonds.
Can opener. C II Winchester.

Capstan. W H Harfield.

Car chair. E Pynchon.

Car coupling. A L Croft.

Car coupling. S Crowell.

H Deitz.

J A Gendron.

B Halstead.

R Haul).

I N Hiiishaw.

C W Hinton,

T J W Howard.

I> W Lawhon.

E W Schmitz and J Wall-

Car coupling
Car coupling.

Car cuui'ling.

Car coupling.

Car coupling.

Car coupling.

Car coupling.

Car coupling.

Car coupliug.
man n.

Car coupling. P Sweeney.

Car doors, means for operating tlumpiug. N
Barney.

Car, express. F D GildersleeAT.

Car fender, street. R C Lothrop.

Car replacer. C W Archer
Car seat, railway. J Krehbiel.

Car seat, reversible. J Lemman.

Car unloading device. G H Hulett.

Car ventilator. T L 31errill.

Cards, pack of ]'laying. A I Paine.

Carj)et stretcher. J Cooper
Carrying apparatus. J G Delaney.

Cash recorder, C W Wilson.

Cash regi.ster. .1 Hare and G F Cook.

Casket clamp for hearses, G F Baiid.
Casting frames for fence ratchets, pattern for.
J Stauffer.

Cement compound. C J Everett.

Cliaiiis, machine for making sheet metal. R
W .lorres.

Cliair seat. A Evans
Check liook eye. 0 H Shultz.

Cliimney. C E S Duulevy,

Cigar. E Hotz.

Cigar liolder. R D Gates.

Clipper, hair. .1 K Priest.

Clock ])enduliim 2 G Bartel.

Clothes line attachment. E J Van Wormer.
Clothes wringer gear casing. W 1 Gong.
Coach steps, making. B 1> Druen.
Communion service. J G Thomas.
Coiiqiouiid engine. E Sebwoerer.

Concrete construction. E L Ransome.
Condenser, exhaust steam. J A JJillon.
Cooker, steam. J A Kendall.

Corpses, api>aratus for the preservation of.

V E Colien.

Corset. B Et>perly
Crank. C Tyler.

Cultivator. H D Sabin,

Curling iron heater. S 0 Fowler and 3V R
Taylor.

Current motor, alternate. W Stanley, Jr.,
J F Kelly and C C Chesney.

Cnrrenf motor, alternating. C K L Brown.
Current motor, alternating. J F Kelly.
Ciirrycomb. F C Ives.

Curtain holding device. E E Piper and G II
iJavis.

Cycle saddle seat. C L Pepper.

Dental engine. W Browne.

Desk attaclmient, school. C 31 Ainerman.
iJjsb cleaner. W I 31cCansland.

Distilling and refining volatile substances
and essential oils, process of and apparatus
for. A 31 Todd.

Door check. R Grr.

Door fender, adjustable. I A Ritz.

Drafting table. J H Fry.

Dray stake pocket. E .) Schurmeler.
Dre<lciiig ajiparatuB. C Gullmaiin.

Dre<iging machine. J H Titct>nib.

Diill holding maebine, automatic. J B Pen-
dergrass and K F Rice.

Drilling maebine. W F Barnes.

Drilling maebine 2. <’ H Baush.

Drying apparatus. L 31 Larssoii and C J
Bergstrom.

Dui'licating apparatus frame. E S Walker.
Dust collector. 3T Harmon.

Dust collector. G S Wilson.

Dye, pnlyazo. J J Brack.

Dye, red azo. A G Green.

Electiic cable. T J Dewees.

Electric cable joint, T C L<ie.

Electric circuit breaker. iJ S Scliureman.
Electr ic cun ent regulator. E PI Kies.
Electric currents, poital»le regulator for, E
E Ries.

Electric lighting system. II J Wells.
EJectiic machine, dynamo. J E Mayiiadier.
Electric inntor. G S Dunn.

Electric wire splice covering. T J Dewees.
Electrical apparatus, te ulating socket for.
p] PI Ries.

IClectrnal beater. A Cochrane.

Pllevator. K .1 3telins
Pllevator controlling tlevice. W F Cole.
Plinbroidering macliiiie. J Fiscbel.
Enameled ironware and process of enamel-
ing. A J V'olli'ath.

Envelope. G (J Billups.

Escapement wlieel, duplex. H J Eisen.
Escapement wheels, making duplex. II .1
Eise n.

PNii, suspension fly. J E Saxe,

P’are box monev changer. C W 3Iuth an<I
H 3laitiii.

P'are register. C Crook-
P’are register. E T Taylor.

P'aiicet. W Wrigley.

P'ence wire stretcher. L AVyssinger and 31
H Baer.

Fence wii'e tightener. I K Hullinger.

P'ile and scissors, combined nail. W W Hay
den.

Filler. H Schneider.

I'ilter. H K Knersten.

P'ilter. W Weir.

Filter, feed water 2. A Harris.

Filtering apparatus. W Balz.

Fire escape 3. S H Ro])er,

Fire extinguisher. 0 A Sterapel.

Fire extinguisher, automatic. G T 3Ic-
Lauthlin and J Naylor, Jr.

Fire generator. A 3Iistaro.

Fireplace furnace or heater, open. G R
Scates.

Fish spear. J D Dreese.

P'lies on animals, trap for. R H Guthrie.
Floor washing machine. J C Garrutt.

Flour bolt. S D Barr.

Flushing apparatus. W A Eberhart.

Fly -wheel band brake. L Luckhardt.
I’olding box. S F Sherman.

Folding table. R Ettinger.

Food compound. J J Angus.

P'o in, adjustable draping. A B Buehl.
Fountain. E D Brainard.

Fruit cutter and press. F D Ridge.

P'ruit picker. G W Armstrong.

I'uel feeding measuring and regulating de-
vice, automatic. W H Cooke.

Fjirnace. R H Laird.

Furnace for roasting and distilling refractory
ores. A Spier.

P'urniture, combination C B Geer.

Gaining machine. R J Laidlaw.

Games, score card for foot-ball. A A Irwin.
Gas burner. R Pemberton.

Gas burner, automatic. G I Ewers.

Gas burner heating attachment. E Copland,
Gas bin uer lighting device. G I Ewers.

Gas engine. J W Hartley and J Kerr.

Gear cutter, multiplex. U and H E Eber-
liardt.

Glove fastener. G E Dantorlh.

Governor, engine. II Aspinall.

Go\ernor, steam engine. S 1* Latlirop.

Grain heading maebine. F W Nessly.

Grain meter, oscillating. D Wilde.

Grate bar. F J St John.

Grinding and polishing maciiine. C F Roper.
Hair curler. E Deuchen.

Hair pin. T i aldwell.
llaine hook. W J Dankworth.

Hammer, drop. E V\ 31eriill.

Harmonica, mouth. G Kaiser.

Harvesting or planting poin li. J T King
and S H Truitt.

Hat, ventilated. C 11 Davies.

Hatcliway, selt closing. W R Wemple.

Hay curliug machine. K Wesseh
Hay loader. N 0 Henderson.

Heating apparatus, electric. A E Apple-
yard.

Heating apparatus, hot air. S II La Rue.
Heating apparatus, hot water. J C Norton.
Heel nail. G A Curtis.

Hitching post. L W (dine.

Hollow articles, apparatus fur maiiufactui iug.

31 A Jouet- Pastre.

Hui'seshoe. Z Birdsall.

Hose coujiliijg. U F O’NIeara.

Hose fastener. A L Baily.

Hot air and hot water lieater, combined. A
C 3lott.

Hot water furnace. A C Mutt.

Hub attaching device. S Robinson.
Hydraulic motor. E C Nicliols.

Hydrucaibon burner 2. W 11 Ames.
Hydrocarbon burner. P J 31ullaney.

Ice breaker for tugs, &c, L 0 Bovy.

Ice cream freezer. J W Woudvard.

Ice rink. E de Stoppani.

Implement, compound pocket. J C Scblar-
baum.

Incandescent elements, composition for. 1
C Crawfo.id and L K Buhm.

Incandescent elements, making. T C Craw-
for<l ami L K Bohm.

Index purposes, sli]! cutter for. A J Ru-
dolph.

lusulator, strain. H II Luscomb.

Ironing table. J 31 3loore.

Jar bolder. J A Parry.

Joints, means and method of maintaining
tight. E Stoweil.

Keyhole guide. J L Easley.

Knives or kindred attides of cutlery, mak-
ing. E (J Lombard.

Knitting machine, straight J A Wilson and
R Hutchinson.

Knitting macliines, electric stop motion for.
A A 3Ieriitt.

Lacing fastener, shoe. S .1 Simmons.

Ladder, extension. J B Moore.

Lamp, electric arc. J J Wood.

Lamps, automatic cut out for incadescent. E
H .lubnsoii.

Latch. H Arnet.

Lead press. H B Cobb,

Leaf turner. A W Gitchell.

Level and key seat rule. F Schaefer.

Levels, adjustable index for spirit. H
Wheeler.

Liquors, apparatus for cooling and aerating.
P Hildenbramb

Logs, Tossing. E C Hargi ave.

Loom harness motion. J 3Iagee.

Lotun shedding mechanism. G W Stafford.
Loom slmttle. C I'ijier.

Looms electrically, a[ipaiatus for forming
sheds ill. .1 Kaiiffinaun.

Lulilirator. J F Evans.

Lnbiicat4>r. 31 F Nester.

3lalt kiln and method of drying malt. W H
Pri nz.

Malting grain, metliod of and aiiparaliis fur.
W 11 Prinz.

31aiigle. J G Crawford.

Match stick buncliiiig machine. E II Eisen-
hait.

31etal working, electric. II Lemp and W S
3Ioody .

Mine door. G I) Warren.

3luror. G L Hills.

31ortising machine. D Hepp.

Mower, rotary lawn. A B Schernieihorn.
3lowing maebire attachment. W Morey.
Nut lock. B F Sweet.

Nut polishing or edging machine. G Dun-
ham.

Oiler for shafting, mechanical. G II Cole.
Ore concentrator. (J G Piugel.

Organ, pipe. E Howard.

Package for goods. .) W Kirkpatrick.

Paddle wheel, boat. N Pelletier.

I’anipblet stapling maebine 1) A Flavell.
Paper holder, ruli. S Wheeler.

Paper mill stuff chest. E L Savage.

Paper pail making machiDe. E Hubhard.
Pavement, artificial stone. P 31 Bruner,
Penholder finger rest. 31 Goetze.
Phonograph mandrel. A D Andrews.
Photographic apparatus, coin controlling. J
W Burton.

Piano or organ case, upright. W T Smith.
Pipe drilling and tapping tool.. 31 F Smith
J’ipe hanger, steam. S O’Brien.

Pipe nipples, device for holding. T Gibney.
Planter furrow closing attachment, corn. A
W Trotter.

THE INVEXTIVE ^OE

7-^

Plate lifter. A W and H L liui nham.

Plow. M P 31 Davis.

Plow. K Finot.

Pocket knife 2. B von Bnlt/ingslowen.
Pulisliing machines, aiiicle holding table for.
K !1 Barnard.

Po! table heater. .1 Graves.

Pouncing jmd. flexible. G E Bnish.

Power, electrical transmission of. C F Scott.
Preserving food by cold, &c. F 31 Peck.

Press for veneers, ttc. .1 .1 Hayes.

I’l inter's chase. .1 W Osborne.

Printing machine, mnlticolor. .1 L Davie.s.
Printing presses, adjustable roll for. P Split-
hotf.

Pulley, differential. L Kleiiti.

Pump J S Losch.

Pump, air compressor beer. J Braun.
Punching and pinking machine. E B J:>timp-
son.

Puise or bag frame. J E 3Iergott and C
Iliering.

Pnzzle. H Walton.

Kadiator, electric. S B Jenkins.

Kailway rail joint. K B 31uelilfeitli and C J
Ibel.

Railway signal. E W Harden.

Kailway signal 2. R S \\ iles.

Railway switch. E W. Harden.

Railway switch, sl»ifting. H E Lowe.
Railway tie. J Dyson,

Range boiler. G Booth.

Ribbon holder. A E Hartzell.

Ri-ads. machine for making or repairing. 31
G Bunnell.

Rolling mill, continuous. W H 3Iaddock.
Roofs or masonry, composition of matter for
coating J Daymon.*

R 'tary engine. R Z Pi'oler.

Rnhher mold or pattern and manufacturing
siiine. 31 Smith.

Rubber molds and iiatterns, apparatus for the
manufacture of. 31 Smitli.

Rule, calculating. E F Steck.

S.ish coni guide. 0 Wolcott.

Sash liolder. J F Bjurluud.

Sojirtold. E Bounlender.

Scale, hydrostatic. .1 H Jtigeon.

S raper, road. W II L»iedrick.

Scraper, wheeled. J R Williams.

Scrapers, lock and dumping mechanism for
wheeled. A F Bernard.

S;ieen frame for windows, Ac. A Braun.
Screw. R Stihvell.

Seal. W L Carr.

Sealing device, bottle. G A Boyden.

Seeding machine. A Liinlgren.

Sewing machine. A E Lindner.

Shade roller. I) Lauer.

Sharpening razors, shears, &c., inacliine for.

C A Worden.

Shutter bower. R Zoll.

Sign, fence. J W Wilson.

Sign, street car. E .J Rauch and W A Keith.
Signal box, electric. T F Gayuor.

Signaling and communication, system for.
i' F Gay nor.

Sleigh, bob, J H .lackson.

Smoke stack hood. C R Peirce and F B En-
glish.

Soila crystals, making. II R Browne.
Spinning spindle supporting device. R
Atherton.

Stamp mill mortar. H Bolthoft.

Stay, dress. F W Lyon.

Stay, dress. E B Taylor.

Steam boilor oi generator. C 1) 3Iosher.
Steam by electricity, appaiatus for genera-
ting. H E Rider and ,1 II Lewis.

Steam engine. E Shydecker.

Steam generating apparatus. H 31cPhaiI.
Steam generator and heating apparatus. I
Fisheraud J W Partridge.

Steam, tube for superheating. E Schwoerer.
Steaming and cleaning grain, apparatus for.
J E Riley.

Steering apparatus, steam. C H Hawkins.
Stilt step. L C Packiiam au<l C L Cline.
Stock loader. C Rotzien an<l P Arnold.
Stone polishing machine. A F Spaulding.
Stove, soldering. E T Burgess.

Street or station indicator. B Barnett.
Structural metal work. A Krause.
Submarine drilling apparatus. T Symonds.
Sulfate lyes, process of and apparatus fur pur-
ifying. C von Grabowski.

Swift, jarn. L 31 Heinz.

Swinging gate. W Hemme.

Switch. A P Odell.

Switch signal, electric. T L and X W Dal-
ton.

Switching from main to side tracks, means
for. J B Duguid.

Table. J Heissenberger,

Table knife. R Krohn.

Tack driving implemeut 31 Brock.
Telegraph repeater. W E Sloan.

Telephone directory holder. C C 3IcCloskey,

Jr.

Telephone exchange system. E Pope.
Telephone receiver. C Seldeu.

Telephone S3>tem. E Pope.

Tent pole. A S Comstock.

Tliermostat. E Barney.

Thread holder and cutter. D R Porter.

Time recorder, employees. \ 31 Watson.
Tire, pneumatic. J J Fox.

Toilet sets, supporting frame for. X’ 0 Bond.
Tool, combination. H W Smith.

Tool or implement holder. L 31 Burbank.
Tooth, artificial. C F Rutterford.

Torpeilo wrapper. J Cook.

Toy motor, automatic. H Hensel.

Traction wheel, bicycle or other. C A Ives.
Transit instruments over physical points, de-
vice for centering. 0 II Brightly, H 31
Fuller, and E A Singer, Jr.

Trap. L A Turner and H C Fletcher.
Traveling bag, extension. E W Thompson.
Treadle spring. G Frank, Jr.

Trolley wire hanger. G Forbus.

Trowel. K Walrath.

Truss. G W Bell.

I'liholstery si)ring support. J A Staples.
Valve tor gas saving regulators. J C Rich-
ardson.

A'iilves, A'c., aut -iiiatic regulator. E H C
Uehlmann.

Vapor burner. J S Wood.

Vehicle wheel. A 31 Allen.

3’ehicle wheel. W Bonnar.

Vehicle wheel. W H Detter.

Vending machine. E T Brown and W^W
rdcott.

Venlilating fire rooms, ajiparatus for. A E
Aubry and G H 1‘awson
Vessels over bars, device for fioating. J
Hailley and F P'oster,

Veterinary tooth cutter. H 0 Stanbiidge.
Violin mute. H W Hoeft.

Violencello rod. W H Howe.

Wagon brake. W 3Ianworing.

M'agun, dumping. X Barney.

Wagon, dumping. .1 Bailors.

Wagon, garbage. 31 S Hubbelll aud T It
Gilbert.

Wagon jack. L L Kellogg.

Washing machine. R R Stevenson.

Water closet. S W Lew is.

Water closet 0. H C Stifel.

Water closet bowl. H C Slifel.

Water closet coupling. J J Rickets.

Water closet tank. P Harvey.

Water purifying ajipuratus. T Craiiey.

Wave motor. J C Walker.

Weed cutter. J F Dole.

Weighing and registering machine. W B
Dickson.

Windmill. T For^tile^.

Wire reeling truck. J X'agcl.

Wile spool or reel. (■ Beck.

Yarn or thread into cairieis, mechanism for
drawing. H W^muhii and .1 A Clark.

Yoke center, neck. E 31 3’an Valkenhurg.
Zinc ore.s, treatment of. W R Ingalls and
F Wyatt.

PATENTS GRANTED MAR. 13, '94.

Adjustable chair. C H Knight.

Aerial locomotive. C G Cross.

Air brake coupling, automatic. W A and B
S H Harris.

Amalgamator 2. E S Bennett.

Armature fur dynamo electric machines or
motors. W B Sayers.

Bale or bundle tie. J W Carver.

Basket maUiio^ machine. L I'aliner.
Bath-tubs, tables, Ac., support or standard
fur flames of. S S Burr.

Battery giids or plates, method of and ajfpa-
ratus for forming secondary . J 31 I’endle-
toll.

Battery switch, secondary. H 3Iuller.

Beil brace. X Clark.

Bt-d, folding. C F 3Iankey.

Bed, folding. J F ^\’ilmot.

Bed, time alarm. C Seaman.

Beehive. U H Weyer.

Beer cooler. W Gibson.

Bell crank, adjustable double. X W Boyd.
Berth, Collapsible sleeping. A U Baird.
Bicycle. G G Hasbrouck.

Bicycle. W A Smith.

Bicycle gearing. L Watkins,

Bicycle stand. A D 3Ionlton.

Bicvcle wlieel. G Focht, Jr.

Billiard cue chalk holder. H Campbell.
Binder, temporary. E L Brnndage.

Block signal, automatic. J D Taylor.
Blower, fan. W T Christy.

Blow ing engine. C A Klotz.

Boiler furnace. C L Lorraine.

Boilor tube cutting device. C (.) Theime.
Bolt actiiatiiig mechanism, retarding device
for. A G Burton.

Bone cutter. E J Roche.

Bottle case. J 11 X'ellis.

Bottle stopper. C Huch.

Box for pattern or other curds. C F G 11
Sell werdt.

Brick kiln. II L Hayes.

Brick kiln. J 31 Sliuck and T E 3Iartin.
Brick machine 2. J J Kulage.

Brick, manufacturing. J .1 Kulage.

Brick or tile machine. .1 J Kulage.

Brick ]iress, E W Seamans.

Bridge gate. H F Barndt.

Brush, folding. W E Frank.

Brush, >hoe. J Knoepfel.

Bucket, milk. 31 E Thomas aud W H Den-
ison.

Burglar alarm, detonating. W S 3IcClin-
tock.

Cable conveyers, Ac , coupler fur. 31 Gar-
land.

Cable hanger. A E Johnson.

Calender mil. X’ D Ingram andG H 3Ioore.
Can filling machine. H C Ba.xter and H R
Stickney,

Candle holder. R H Hepburn.

Capacity of hollow vessels, ai'paratus for as-
certaining the. G Vollner.

Car brake. D Hazard.

Car brake mechanism. B Wolhaupter.

Car cmuiling. A' Brett.

Car couitling. A Gudmunsen.

Car coupling. G W Jackson, R Smith, aud
E A Bennett.

Car coupling. H 31 3Iaiquell.

Car coupling. D J Stevenson.

Car c<>upling. G F Sudheinier. F Thon and
31 Richter.

Car coupling. J A Ward.

Car fender, safety. G Seaman, A Wilson
and W Jones.

Car fender, street. T Davies.

Car lighting. I X' Lewis.

Car lighting. W 31 3liuer.

Car lighting, heating, Ac., system of. I N
Lew is.

Car safely gate, railway. T J 3Iorgan.

( ar samliug del ice. J Ballard.

Cars, air pipe coupling for railway. -J Em-
erson.

Cars electric motor for street. W Baxter, Jr.
Cars, system for wanning fruits. J F 31cEl-
r< y.

Carbonating li<iuids, apparatus for. C F A
Convert.

Carpet stretcher. J Treseder.

Carpet stretcher and tacker, combined. L
31 Kenton.

Carriage. H P Wells.

Cattle guard, L Hills.

C.itlle guard, surface. B AVulhaupti r.
Ciiain for vehicle bodies, tie. T 31 Xaltou.
Clieck hook. E A Stephens.

Chock row wire, machine for making. R
Furies.

Chime'ringiiig mechanism. W C Wilkins.
Churn. A Hamlin.

Churn vent 2. S D Palmer,

Cigarette machine. J Kiera y Hernandez.
Clamp. D \V Aylworth and N B Leslie.

Climbing hills, mechansim for facilitating.
A lioeiiel.

Clotlies drier. J P Hill.

Cluihespin ho.\. J W Pike.

Clothes pill, di.iijlde. .i X Edmondson.
Clutch, 31 II Averv.

Cluti h. II W Hill.

Coal drill. G W Tliayer.

Coaling cast iron w itli oilier inetaDor alloys.
L R Xourse.

Cob jiipe lioi iiig machine. P Lane.

Cuke oven. F Briinck.

Commutator, electric machine. 0 Olivetti.
Comjio lioard. II W 31owry.

Compound engine. .1 Haug.

Coiidi-nser, steam engine. ^ S Leach.
Cooling ai'paratus. C Kellgren.

Copying pad, L Bailey.

Corn cuiter, green. S E .Morral.

Current niutur, alternating. U Lnndell.
Currycomb, spring. T But terw <ii ili.
Curtain fixture, window. W II King.
Cintaiii bolding del ice. E K Piper.

Cut otl, rain water. C S Low.

Cycle ; a.ldle. fix jiminonite and 11 L Hulder-
11 ess.

Cycle saddle, pneumatic. J « 'anoll.
liaini'ei’ or damper clip'. W II B -iger.
J>e<-oriir!itor. lice. F Dre.sser.
lU'iitul articulator, F E Hausen.

Itental engine. F H Berry.

Jieiital impiessioii cup. 11 L Kiiiglit and H
K Duncan.

Dish elraner. II F Low and L A Tliompson.
liish washer. 31 Stone.

Display rack. B i.haml'cilain.

I) 001 liangei. II L Ferns.

Door hanger wheel. E \ 31oore.

Dour lock, sliding, W T W Curl.

Dough rolling and culling machine. W F
Curry.

l>iawer. A Beretta.

Drawer support, extension. J II Adkins.

Di inking luiuitain for fowls 2. A L Higgins.

J) rum and cymbal pedal or beater. W J Rap)-
p"l(l.

I) ust Collector and separator. 31 K Gale.

J) ye, l.asic yellow . E Schleicher.
iH'e, Mack. R Jviichbutt.

l>ye, brown azo. C Rudolpli,

I)ve from amidupheiiolsulfo acid, azo. C
Rudolph.

Dye, giay azo. M Hofliiuuiii and C Krohn.
Dye, led. II A Beruthsen.

Dye, red rliodamiii. H A Beriithseu.
l)ye, rhodamili 2. 31 Ceresole.

I)ye, }ellow tetrazo. J .1 Braek.
liyuaiiio, self regulating. 1 X Lewis.

Easel. H F Beecher,

Eaves trough iron. U T Roberts.

Egg beater. W A A'an Deusen.

Egg beater, Ac. L 31obr and H Perk.

Egg te.ster. E Hulett.

Electric current regulator. C D Haskins,
Electric heater. J U‘31eara.

Eleciric lock. .1 R Donnelly.

Electric machine, dynamo. F J Crouch.
Electiic motor. U F Conklin.

Electric sw itch. 1 X Lew is.

Elevator. J W Blake and F H Lacey,
Engine steam chest. G Cook.

Engineer's seat. E H 31cLaughliu.
Engineer’s tape reel. J H Shedd.
Excavatiug trenches, machine fur. A J
3Iasun.

Exhibit case. 31 Sherman and C Goodman.
Exi'ansion engine, tripile. E W Harden.

, Explosive. 11 31 Chapman.

Fan motor, suspended electric. J F Denison.
Eaucet. A Hur^t and J I Boyer.

Feed trough. W H Wellsteed.

Feed water heater. J Bell.

Feed water heater. B Hall.

Feed w ater heater and regulator. P Brow ne.
Fence building and reiiairiug device, wire
and I'icket. 31 Stephens and S 0 Koous.
Fence j'ust. C Sliker.

File, ofiice, A H Costigan.

File, I'ajier. A B Dick.

Filter. H J E Jensen.

Finger ring. C 31 Levy.

Fire escape. E Goldberg.

Fire escane, sj'ider frame. 31 P Brow n.

Fire escape rin k. E Cardarelli.

Firearm, recoil operated. F Wackenmuin.
Firearms, device for lessening the noi.se of.
J Stahel.

Floral .'tand. T A 31 Brueckner.

Flour bill and sieve, combined. W H and B
I> Coe'k,

Flue cleaner. 0 P Clay.

Fluid pressing engine. G Dixon.

Flying apparatus. G Wellner.

Foundry p'huit. S 3Ierchant.

Frame for pictures, Ac. W K I>avid.

Fruit carrier. W E Howell and W II Gil-
bert.

Fruit clipper and gatherer. 0 W Crutsinger.
Fruit I'icker or I'l'uner. I C Stetson.

Fruit wrapping machine. T E X'iDiuger.
Gas apparatus. S 31 3Iullin and S C Green.
Gas, apparatus for manufacturing water. J
R Peters.

Gas, apparatus for simultaneously scrubbing,
purityiijg and condensing. C W Blodget.
Gas burner governor. A Hall,

Gas, furnace for producing fuel. J Harle-
man.

Gate. CGDeloye.

Glass, emmbedding wire netting in. F
Overn.

Glass, machine for embedding wire netting
in. F Overn.

Glass, proce.'S of and apparatus for embedding
w ire netting in. .T E Parker.

Gong, electromechanical, 31 3Iartin.
Grinding w’heel water box. F 31 King.
Hammer, self feeding magazine. A D Cush-
ing.

Harness sack. T C 3Ioore.

Harrow. H H Tigner.

Harrow, spring tooth. I) 0 Everest and L C
Lull.

Harvester, corn. J A Johnson and N 0
fc^tarks.

Ilarvf>ters, grain evener forselfbinders. F
C Almoiit.

Hat and coal hook. C E Vail.

Hay and stock rack. L Shanubarger.

Heat regulating apparatus, automatic. 0 F
Goodhue.

Heater, cooler and vi-iitilator, coinbiie'd. K
F Ruehr.

Hing'-. look. A .1 3I‘ Caul( y.

Hopple. .1 Sb'-jJi'i'l.

Horse ' hei kiiii' dovic-. P T (.'hall. ml.
Hurse^h 'e. L La < k.

Hull, vi'hicle. II \N' Br"' -'juin.

Hub, iilieel. F L Brianl.

Incubator heat n-guluting valve. J W .Li-

COl'V.

Inhak r. T G H Nicliol-.n.

Inhaler, W II liussell and H Kail.
Injector. A Simp-on and 31 .'^[.eich'.-r.
Injector. .) \'t>n ug.

Ink distributor. J \S'ater-t"n.

1 rolling tabl'-. \\’ I! H 31arcum.

Jail construction. D ??alfield and II K'dil-
berg.

Juuj iial I'o.v. <i W Laey.

Key liolder. J F M’aescli.

Kiln. .\ E Detwiler.

Kit' hen cabinet. F I' P Pool.

Lamp, clecti ic an-. FL .3IcGaban.

Lanij', gas. K Moreau and 11 .Miner.
I^ainjis, regulating sueket for incand' -i i-nt.

31 D Greeiiganl.

Land roller. K .Alpaugh.

Latch. W C Sheldon.

Lathe can iage. .1 Young.

Lathe fixture for gtar cutting. R Bran-tet-
ter.

Lathing, nielallic. 31 r>rend(d.

Litliogi aphic and liectographic .‘^tone, artifi-
cial. A\ R Forhush.

Locomotive. ]i Helmholtz.

Locomotive brake. 11 31 Lofton.
Locomotive cab or other w irnlow or dour. H
\V Tinker.

Locomotive cab window or door. H AV
Tinker.

3Iagnetjzing coil. J Ii ThMer.

31ail bag fastener. L W illiams,

Mail delivering ai'paratus. D Cooke,
31angle. 31 F Daunmeyer.

3Iattress, w ire. D 11 Gail,

31easuriiig ai'paratus, deep well. P Scott.
31easuring, entting and stitching fat'rics,
macliine for. W H Palmer. Jr.

Xleasnring iii-truments. safety deviee f.r
electrostatic. W E Ayrton and T 31ather,
3Ierry go round. J C Somers.

31etal diill. V Paiks.

3Ietal, finisliing. X' L Bradley.

3Jetal Working, electrir. H Leuip and W S
Moody.

31 ilk can. F Wolf.

31 iiiing shaft cage. X Haller.

3Iolding machine attachment. I N Kellogg.
31olding machine, founder’s. E Grant.
31olding table. C F 31cGilvray.

31op w ringer 2. H F Low.

31otiun, luechaiiisui fur transmitting. W
Scott.

3Iotor. G H A 3Ieyei’.

3Iusical instrument. W E Bent.

3Iusical instruments, string winding meclian-
ism for. .1 Murdock, Jr.

31ustache shield or guard for cups, detach-
able. R 31acmuiris.

Xut look. T C Butler.

Xut lock. A J 3Iauermann.

X’ut lock. W E Kus.sell aud 31 S AVoods.
Xut lock. A C A'aiiglian,

Oil burner. A H Calkins.

Oil can. A E Johnson.

Organ. J Binnig.

Package wrapping machine. L C Crowell.
Packing. R J 31< lllieiiny.

Packing, pipe coupling. I) R 3rcKim.

Pail, Collapsible. H il Freer.

Pail, milk. E B Priggs.

Paper box. F 31 Turck.

Paper box and locking device therefor. F
31 Turck.

Paper fastener. J H F Dixon.

Paper feeding machine. AV AA’unierslcv, G
Sague and 31 A Clapj).

Paper holder, toiht. A N Spooner and H C
Calkins.

Pattern for drafting garments. D Ryan.
Pen, electric iicrfurating. A D LewTs.

Pen, toiintain. C E Browning.

Peiforatiug machine. J K Goie.
Permutation lock. J Bois,

Phenol bismuth compound. B R Seifert.
Photographically recording time, iiosilioii
and speed, apparatus for. AV C Petri.
Piano action. L Schubert.

Pillow, sham. AV T Lorimer.

Pipe coui'hiig apparatu.^, air or steam. J
Emerson.

Pipe wrench. C Hall.

Pipe wrench. AVaebtier.

Pipe wrench. C H AVeaver.

Plane. J A Traiit.

Plant support. X’ Leonard.

Planter and cultivator. II Xehrmever.
Planter, automatic cotton or corn. II X'ohr-
meyer.

Planter, automatic clieck row corn. A An-
derson.

Planter, corn. A Anderson.

Planter^ cotton seed, S P Sawyer.

Planter, hand corn. G L Hudson.
Plastering walls, composition fur. (’ 31 Arm-
strong.

Piute lifter, automatic. G AA' Best.

IMow, hand. It Conway.

Plow shovel. L 31 31eeter, H and AA* D 3Ic-
< lure.

Plow sulky attachnieut. H K Hoshouer.
Pressure regulitor. AV AA'erle.

Printing machiiir. H A AV AVood.

Printing plates, preparing aluminium, 0 (’
Stnx'ker.

Printing piess perforating attachment. C L
Smith.

Program holder, school. E E l>ouglass.
Propeller for vessels, reciprocating, AV K
Hogan.

Propeller, marine. A H Carpenter.
Pioj'ulsion of vessels, means for the. AA' 11
AVirte.

Pulley, expanding. A Given and C B Smith,
i ulj' or paper mills, suction roll for. II
Xii-saii.

PuTij', double acting. H C Stouffer.

Pump for forcing beer, air. J L Steitz.
Pump, force. J H Stoll.

Pump, rotary. C Rumley.

ipiihiii-' li.iiii’ J I' L •

R i' kiii^ till' • < • . ii. I ' i . •

II .1 ii r-

II J W 11.

Ibiil.':.', ^ ; -d • • • . 1

Bl-;V O.

Ibiihiay. el -..,1 . i.dt.ji . . 1 .

K;iil w.iy, .-b-. t li M \\ 1 '

bailwai -i.'lial. d- t'.ii i'iii- .) 1’'' •

K.tilii ay -i.;ijal, -•)' ■ ii ; ai u I !. ' •

Railway -‘ipply -I -t' ln. . i ■ i . •

liiiii--.

Railway -wit h. F li.iidi a . i I. W -
< anl-.

Railway. \ia;r .ii. T .AI liaP r it!i.

Railway-. ■ I.,--- I ..aiotm J.r i . W
Law reni

Relrigeiat'^r ear ii •• tank, L R II'.’. 1..
Refrigerat' ■!' 'I'.or la-t-iiiiiuT. R ». ' •

Ib'Vuh er-. .ilind'-r a. iii.aiij.: ii; ii.n a
f.<r. K M '■ .ai.-li.

Rbec-tat HM.Niilta.

Rile: eXpaiulihi' II V IP ' b

Rucker, cliilo -. .1 I>a-. i-.

Rocking cliaii J. .1 R •)

Rolling mill traii-i.-r labb-. I- II f if.
Riii'f framing t' "1 .1 I'ai kliitl.

Roj..- take up. W Mjiitli
Rotary engiue. J \ Ha' i-.

Rotaiy '-nuiii'-, (i M ilull.

Rotary engine. T .Martin, F Rii'-il y m
L J ► I'iei Sun.

Rotary engine, i; H W. -r. n.

Rule, e.\ten>ion i-aii'-. T E Ti a i.

Killing device, parallel, a R Di- k.

Sad iron beut'-r. F L Ib id.

Safe,-, electricai j>r"terti..ii b.r. C F A .•-:i 1 1-.
Saw, drag. J B W etjui.re,

Saw handle. R t.'arr.

S'art"ld, j'uiiiti'i '-. 1, Mann and I’ f> Ank' .

Screw swaging mai-liin'-. .1 Le Blam-.

Seal lock. K M <ully.

Secondary battery, i; R Wliitiiev,

Sectional boiler. ,I Lapp.

Seiiuqihore -ignal. I L Green.

Sejiaiator. Ii \\ .les-up.

Sew iijg macliine. .1 D'-ugla-.:.

Sewii g machine nitfing altac-hmci.t. li W
AVhitiiev.

Shade ai-i'liance. win. l.,w. L 31 Ki'.-.

Shad'.' roller. S IIart>horn.

Shaftiu.g. ai'iiaratu.- for turning and i-’li.-L-
iiig. PAIedart.

Shafting pr.'tector. .1 Hunt.

Shafts, device for I'epairin.g broken. D Kei
shaw.

Shawl strap. < ’ Zemler.

Sheep, api'aratiis for ear marking. G AV
Shailer.

Sheet m. tal can. T Reis.

Shelf bracket. T Corseaden.

Skate wheel. A J Afauermaini
.’^natch Mock. T R Fcnall.

Snatch Mock. HA' Ilartz.

Sou]' holder, coin controlled. C S Iliugins.
Soldering machine, can. 31 Jensen,

Spool or I'obliin hoMer. A B Homer.

Si'i'iiig. G Turton.

Sprocket wheel. T J Xeacy.

Stake, ground. E F Harvey.

Stalk cutter. H Xehrmeyer.

Stall, cow. D L Blackburn.

Stamp affixing machine. E Schafer and II
A Levy.

Stanii'iiig machine centering' gage. J T
I'uff.

Staves, forming. T J Sullivan.

Steam boiler. R E Dielz.

Steam engine. .1 T ('base.

Steam trap, J Balmore.

Sterilizin.g and disinfecting ai'paratus, .1 31
A’aii Ileusen.

Sterilizing I'V steam. G Po]»p and J II
Becker.

Stool, adjustal'lo. ? ABiodsvold.

Store service api'aratus. 11 D B AA'illiams.
Stove. AA' T) Southard.

Stove lid, itc. L D Gould.

Stove or range, li 31 < lark and G E Gilhaus.
Stove, ornaments. J S A’aii Bureii.

Sulfur candle. C T Kingzett.

Sulky, tP'ttihg. (' AA'eigand.

Surgical table. .V H Campbell.

Suspensory pouch. A Bauer aud T AV IL-in-
einaiin.

Switch. C E Galbreath.

Sw itch stand 2. J B Suffern.

Table. F 0 Clalliu.

Tack driver aiidcari>et stietclier. A J Smith.
Teething ring. F Bosch.

T( legraph apjiaratus. J A Parker and L L
Smiiiiiers.

Teleplione system, interior. T 3rcCoubray.
Telephone toll station instninient. W T
Gentry.

Thrashing machine portable wind brake. C
Zimmerman.

Tile, roof. X Aloiisliausen.

Timber handling appliance. G H Spencer.
Tire, cycle or other wheel. A J J Lindner
and 31 .Adler.

Tire, wheel. K Greiict.

Tubaccojar. 31 Goldivater.

Tobacco shelf J 31 Hodgeus.

Tool holder. H E Britton.

Toothpick. C C Southwell.

Torpedo signal mechanism T II AViDon.
Tran.splanter. J AV Aloi-gaii.

Treadle, machinery. J E Kirk.

Trolley device, electric. <’ Knapp.

Tul'C cutter. J F Beck and J AV Ki aims.
Tug. hame. J AA' Rookwuod
Twine balling macliine. A Blackieaiid C AV
Sliartle.

Type writing luaehiiKg L P Diss.

Type w riting machine. L AVelspiel.
Umbrella drip cup. T J Golden.

A'ulve, check. AV E Hill.

A'alve. check. L Scliutto.

A’alve gear. .1 AA' Sarg(*nt.

Valve, "idug. C B lloilgo ami J Will-.
A'alvei straightway, G .1 (iraeherf.

A'alves of steam engines, eccentric for opora-
ting, J W Sargent.

A'chicle brace and brake sujiporr coinbiiied,
B F Sweet.

A'eliicle running gear. J F Fiy.

Velocipede. 31 L WiP-ox ami J A Simpson.
A'eiidiiig appaiatus, coin controlled li'iui.l.
A L Peirce.

74

T 14 14 1 X 14 X T 1 V 14 4^ O E

AVe will send your choice of any one of the folio w-
inj>- valnahle iniblications, together with The
Inventive Age one year, for $1.25.

The ABC of Electricity, by W. H. Meadowcraft. Dvuaiiio and Eleetric Motors, illustrated, by Trevert. Practical Treatise on Electro-plating, by same. Practical
Treatise on the Incandesce'ut Lamp, by Randall. Alternate Current Machinery, by Gilbert Kapp. Steam Boiler Explosions, by Zerah Colburn. Ventilation of Build-
ings, by \V. P". Butler; edited and enlarged by J. L. Greeuleaf. On the Designing and Construction of Storage Reservoirs, by Arthur Jacob, A. B. A Treatise on the Com-
pound Engine, by Johii Turnbull, Jr.; with additions by Prof. S. W. Robinson. .Safety Valves, by Richard H. Buel, C. E. A Practical Treatise on the Teeth of Wheels, with
the Theory of the use of Robinson’s Odontograph, by Prof. S. W. Robinson. On Transmission of Power by Wire Ropes, by Albert W. Stahl. Terrestrial Alagnetism of
Iron Ships, by Prof. Fairman Rogers. Cable Making for Suspension Bridges, as exemplified in the construction of the East River Bridge, by Wilhelm Hildenbrand, C. E.
A Hand-book of the Electro-magnetic Telegraph, bv A. E. Loring, a Practical Telegrapher. Transmission of Power by Compressed Air, by Robert Zahner,M.E. Tur-
bine Wheels, bv Prof. W. P. Trowbridge. The Telescope : its Construction, etc., by Thomas Nolan. Induction Coils : How Made and How Used. The Theory of the
Gas Engine, b}' Dugald Clark. Electro-magnets, by Th. du Moucel. Dynamo-electric Machinery, by S. P. Thompson. Dynamo Electricity, by John Hopkiuson, j.
A. Schoolbred and R. E. Day. Recent Progress in Dynamo-electric Machines, being a Supplement to Dynamo-Electric Machinery, by Prof. Silvanus P. Thompson.
The Steam EuMue Indicator and its Use, by W. B. LeEu. Hand-book of Mineralogy ; Determination and Description of Minerals found in the United States, by
Prof. J. C. Eoye. Modern Gun Cotton : Its Manufacture, Properties and Analysis, by Lt. lohu P. Wisser, U. S. A. “The Inventor's Friend,” by Joseph Allen Mintnrn.

pOPUI

SCIENTIFIC BOOKS.

Vessel, mariiH'. S Lacavalerie.

Vise, drill and anvil, coinbiiied. J Weath-
ers.

Voting liof'tli. E K Dairy.

A\’ag:()ll bed. II 1* thiiiies.

AN’agdii. gravel or dirt. A ^\ ('oats and..!
Bartlett

Washing niachiiHL 4 S Blood.

Washing iiiachiiie. T MeCrossan.

Washstand and table, combined. A Wetter-
vik.

Washtub supiiort. 0 S Bnshell and V W
Degler.

Watch balance >tan and Iiearing. C A Jolin-

Soll,

Water closet. V Adee
Wheel mold. .1 Slattery.

Whist, ai>])aratiis tor iilaying ilnplicato. C
Ih Barks,

Wind whc(d. X N Vioinan.

Wiiulow or do<n' frames for seenring storm
sashes oi' tin- like, attaehment for. d 1>

• lohlL'toll.

Winil w screen. L W Merriam.

Wimlow .'creen. b Weglein, dr.

Win<lows, eh'etrical jaotcetiiHj for. (' F A
Sturts.

AVood scraper. Fd Beikiiis.

Wrench. 0 Black.

Wrenclj. J F ( 'ook.

AVrench. B s liu>t.

Wrench, comhiiiatioii. E 0 Ely.

PATENTS GRANTED MAR. 20, 94.

.Account keeping apparatus. S II B »ylan.
Acid and metals from nitrat<s, luudueing
nitric, d I> Barlinii,

AiKliiig nnudiim'. W II (’larlv»

Adverti'imr device. 11 F .Utaway.

Air ami ventilating, apparatus fur iiumidfy-
inir. AV' iMalthews, d and W Yates.
.Airt'iake. F bansherg.

.Air I'faki*. (1 W Wilsuti.

Aiiniineiatoi'. (1 A .MeCordy.

.Antirooter. II balianii.

Armature fa- dvnamo electric machines. L
Bell.

Ariuatiire for dvnamo electric machines. E
W nice, dr.

Artnafiire for induction motors, b Bell.
Armature, motor, d (' Henry.

.\rinatme winding. E Tboinsoii.

Bale tie t \\ istcu' ami >treteb<-r. I > H 'I’ierney.
Baling press feeiier. I>.I i >verholtzer.

Band fa>tening. I'l (' 'recktonius.

Bed l.rae.L W A Watson, .)r.

Bed, folding. E Sehi'oter.

Belt tightener. (J 11 IIan>on.

Bicycle foot rest. 7>\ \\ Smith.

Bieyclc iiecl clip, F- F Baenziger.

Bicycle mirror attachment. I\ F Bucliei er.
Bicycle prtipnl>ion gearing. A1 b daeoby.
Bicycle tool bag. .1 .\ Hunt.

Bicycle watch earrii'r. (i K Burleigh.

Blind operator, window. K E,JIall.

Boiler i leaner. A Schell.

Boiler furnace, >roam. d (Jocjilw in.

Boiler furnace, steam 2. .1 IMilton.

Bone cutting nun liimu (' H Fai ringlon.
Book backs, apparatus for markiug iiivi>ioiis
on H AI KelVuin.

Bookcasi' F H Sbei'idan.

Bottle stojipor. (1 S Norri.-'.

Bo.\ blanks, imudtine for forming. J T Ib'l -
iiisoii and 11 .1 ( 'lianibm lain.

B(3.\ jiartition. d AI beaver.

Brake. H Bussing.

Brake apparatus, vacuum automatic. 4
tdreshaiii.

Brak<' slioe. W I) ‘•argent.

Brick maeliine. W Zortman and G K Ward.
Brick making machine attachment. L Pat-
ter.son.

Brooder, chicken. 4 (1 Nicholls.

Broom, rotary, X’ 0 Bassett.

Bung, vent, b Wagner.

Bunging apparatus, b Wagner and 4 31arr.
Buiglai’ alarm. W llilzmanii.

Button attaching machine. E X Barber and
4 H Whit.-licail.

Button, collar. B Hnrst and L "Rosenberg.
Buttons, detachable cover or apidiance for
covm ing. W C ( 'ooKe.

Cable carrier. TI II Bliss.

Cake maeliine. B 1> Ilarton.

Calemlering machine. 11 4 Brink.

Camp chair, folding. <'A Fairbanks.

('an guard. B F (’(jckayne and A L Baron.
( 'ar brak<‘. (.' bead'll.

Gar coupling. .1 Grauvogl.

Car coupling. 4 C Rose.

Car coupling. 11 <’ Swan.

Car, railway. F M Kling.

Car, street. P 31 Kling.

Cats, awning or enrtain fur open. E T Bur-
rowi'S.

Cai's, combined reinb)rce dash post and grub
Iiandle for. W Snttoii.

C;ird, playing. T A Cole,

Cartridge packet holder. AV I) Prideanx.

( 'ai tridge poueb. G (> Hndley.

Cash reghtfU' and indicator, d H .\nfuhli>li.

( 'asti iig jiatlern, pipe. 11 Henderson and L
.1 Keiiiigott.

Catajmlt. ' ! B Trumble.

Chair seats, tie for ends of <'ane ,strip.s for. 1>
31 Sim-lair.

Chandelier, extension electric. A BIcLean.
Cbimuey, 'Sectional. W .1 Culnan.

Clim k, drill. C G Small.

CliUi Iv, lathe. E’ d Feldt.

< 'ImiTi. H Ilamimuid.

Cigar lighter, electric, d Sai hs.

Ghiy fe.-.lor. 31 F W illiams.

(’hull sponging maeliim-. d’ Saifert.

Cluteli, frictional and positivi*. F I'i Briglit-
man.

Coin i oiitndled macliines, means forprotect-
ing ri’Ceiviiig (tpeuings of. AL Peir» e.

Combination lock. F dr. and (• Bleloclie.
(.'ommutator. E ,U Francis.

Commutator conneclioii. ( -A Tdeb.
Commutabu' Connector. 0 N' Turner.
CommutattU's for dynamos or motors, coii-
."tmeting. E Tliomson.

Coiiipo>ite material ami mamifaeture of same.

W b (.'alter ami O i’ Iliiiinan.

< 't>nlro Her, series jiaralbd. l‘> H I’l iest.

< 'onveyer. d 1 1 I' laukliu.

Goitve.N er < ai riage G II Ilnlelt.

Copy books, legulating device for irnd.^teii-
iiig leaves of press. (.> K Tiiiitt.

Corset, d bang.

*. ottou conve^\er, jimuimatic seed. F (Gdam-
niuiis.

Counting maeliine, W H (dark.

Crane, liydranlic I*' V Blatton.

Ciipida furnace. AV H Bradley.

Curling iron. '1' F Payne.

Currents, means for regulating alternating.
F Thomson.

<urrent4, regulalion of alleniating. F
Tlioms'iii.

< 'ill tain. .) Darling.

Dampers, means for operating stove. F D
Xellis.

Dental vuleanizer. C A Davis.

Diamido base 4. .Id I’raek.

Di'plav lack witli adjustable arm. 31 S
3I.dzei.

Display stand, d H Barker.

Dit'liing ami tile laying machine. G F
Blaine.

Dit<diing machine. .1 W Humplireys.

Di'i'dgi* hm-ket. l-i S Bennett.

Drilling maeiiie. d Truiiiison.

Dy<*, blue tetrazo 4. .1 .1 Brack.

Dye, red tetrazo *i. d .1 Brack.

Faitlieiiware articles, maeliine fur making
bol low. .) P Guy.

I'diM'ti ic a|3paratus, eoiding. W S Moody.

FI'm trie disti iliutioii, system of. F AV Rice,

dr.

Electric elevalor. R Watson.

Fleclric machine or motor, dynamo. X' G
Bassett.

I'dectrie maeliiiies, eijil foi' dynamo. L Bell.
Fb-ctri'.' motor "2. (• J (’oleman.

Fb’ctric motor. AV II Knight.

I'heetric motor. P Wuest, .Ir.

Eheetric motors, alternating current. 10
'J’liomsoii.

Eb-etiie motors, automatic speed regulator
for. W Hoebbausen.

Electric motors, starting and controlling de-
vice for. d \\' 31<iore.

Edectiie searrli liglit. R Knowles.
Eleitrical distribution, system of. E AV
bice, dr.

Electrical transformer. E Thomson
Electricity, transmission of 2. 4 P B Fiske.

Elevator. W 31 Frisbie.

Eb'vati.ir shafts, <loor nieebanism for 2. W
Bardsley and W K CrofTord.

Ihigiiie indicator attachment, steam. AV’
Iloughtaling.

Envelope machine 3. (.’11 lleywood.

Ehiveloi)e machine elevator, (j H lleywood.
I’hivelojie, safety. AV R Dales.

Etiier, making. F Krafft and A Roos.

E’at and glue, ap]iaratus for extracting. F

4 Alaclialski.
l'>ed bo.x. d II Itenison.

EN-nce lock, farm. S 31 Hasson.

Fence maeliine, wire. 4 C E'erris.

I'Vnce wire, braiiled. 4 B Cleaveland.

Filtei, water, d El Welling.

E'ire escape. S(J beyson.

Fire escajie. d Moran.

Ehre extinguisher and alarm, combined. 4
(' Norton and E) B Eheeman.

I'ire pail. T Bell.

Fire Telegraphy. S J Sanf(,>i d.

E’lower bolaer for button Iioles. 4 F S AVal-
lace.

EA'lding seat, portable. 4 R R Blorford.
Eh'iiit jar. W G Burns.

Fruit picker. AC lleddeii.

Fruit picker. 4 ( ' I*ratt.

ENinie arrester. .1 .1 Storer.

Kurnare. < > Wngiuier.

E'nrnace. line fuel. JI Kluepbd.

Game ai'i'aralus. AV d Hillis.

Game ajiparatiis. G Truxler, 4r.

Gai bag<* cieiiiatory or furnace. W dohn-

SOll.

Gas, apiiaratns for the mannfaeliire of. d .}
Kirkliam. .

Gas controller. Brow nbill.

Gate clo.-'irig device. B A\ J'ldd}'.

Grain diier. d Gregory.

Gi'ain shoveling maeliim-. d II Ileatbering-
ton.

( Jr ate bar. El P l-'iilb-r.

Gravity battery. E’ bary.

Guitar. P A Andeiberg.

Hammer or liatebet. X ( 'base.

Handle. 11 A Hnsehteld.

Harrow, spiiiig tooth. 31 d Todd.

Harvester. B Osgood,

Harvesting maeliine, corn, d $ Collins.

Hat brim curling machine. T EJ Aveiy.
(reissue),

1 lati bet. d C Seales.

Hatchway do<ir meihani^iu. AV Baidsley
and W K Croffoni.

Heat regulator, automatic. H B Snook.
Heating witli liijiiid fuel, mean.■^ lor. A llai-
miitli.

Hi.i.-tiiig auparatiis, electrical. 11 (,' Spauld-
ing.

Hook. G AV' 31c3Iilian.

Ilorse-S electrical appliance f r. G R Jvin.g,
Horseshoe calk. F \>>u Fiilenfeld.
H<.)rse,'ilio<‘, nailless. .1 0 Alet '(dliiiii.
Hydrocarbon burner. FG 31ummi-ry.

Ice cream fieezer. d S Stiilham.

Ice making can or ve.-sel. C El Struck, (re-
is^uc).

Iiilialiiig ajiparatus. AV Sclieerer.

Doll <jre and making same, agglomeialed.
U H Sanders.

Kettle attachment. P Kusco.

K«-\s fKuii windows, ilevice for lowering.
FB Mills.

Kiiite W Weilekiiid,

Knitting machine, b

Knitting maeliine, ciicular. .1 D Hemidiill.
Knitting machines, ilraw earn lor stockings,
d D liempbill.

Knub attaciiment. T RBird.

K null attachment, d W'-atherwax.

Lamp. F (.b-dies and (' Schuiike.

J;amp, alteniati ng eleetrii- ai c, F R Knowb-.s.
baini* and inannfactnriiig same, incaiide.-ci nt
H D Burn<-tt and S E Doaiie.

Lamp, electric aic. E R Kiiowb-s.

Lamp, <‘ eelric arc. El It Knowles and E II
Park.

Ijamp extinguisher, automatic. 31 31acE!ree.
Lani)) guard and sha<Ie liolder, incandescent.
(,J W Dmiiiiiick.

Lamp, incandescent. R Langliaiis.

Lamp, incaiiile.sceiit. G C Swan.

Lamp, incamhc'-cent electric. El K Knowles.
Lamp socket. A Swan.

Lamp socket, incandescent electric. El R
K iiowles.

Lantern, eh-ctric signal. E R Knowles.
Latch and hick, conibim-d. 31 .Licksun.
bathe attacliment. H A 3Ieyer.

Lathe [lolishing and tiling attachment. C
T-ske.

Lathe slide rest. II EcUhardt.
laivatory leg. 4 R (filler.

Letter box 2. 4 W Ilentz.

Level, spirit. E ( Hson.

Life l)oat and shiii’ssafe, combined. C Gard-
ner.

Life ]ireserving cr swimming apparatus. P
(Joid rna n.

Loan box, dedivery and registming. R 3Tar-

tinez.

Locomotive boiler. G H Taylor.

Lucoiin tive exhaust nozzle. .1 (.PNeib

Locomotive boiler attachment, d d 11 Theil-
ing.

Locomotive fire box. F von Doniius.

Log turners, lever action for valve gear fur.
il (.) Lange.

3Iatrix making and type setting machine.

1 1 bee.

3Iea>.nring and indicating device. R Blej’er.

3Iea.‘*ui iiig electric cui reiits, im-ans fur. L
T Robinson.

Bleasnriiig instrument, electrical. E K
Know les ami b T Robinson.

Bleasuriiig iiL^triiment, electrical. E G AVill-
young.

3Ietal cutting machine, shape 3. I> Ham-
mond.

Bletals from other commingled gase.s, appa-
ratus for separating volatilized. F C But-
tei li'-ld.

31iik cooler. C Harding.

Blilling maeliine. J Riddell.

3Iultipha.se .''y.steins, n-gulation of. b Bell.

Bliisieal wind instruments, inoutlipiece for.
d (' liigiam.

Xitro cellulose, drying. F G Hu Pont.

X’o/zle, sjiray. (’ Hood.

Oil piirilying ajiparatus. C I! Freyer.

Oidiauice bieech jiiechaiiism. O E' Leibert.

Ore roasting and smelting furnace, d .1
Stoier.

Ore roasting furnace. .1 .1 Storei'.

Oie I'osting furiiaie -b T Walker and .1 E’’

< 'al ter.

(hLaurecd. 11 Riebai d.soii.

J‘acking, d 31urpliy.

Paper bi»xe>. machine for applying strips to.
d H B.M-ry.

Paper .'•lilting maeliine. (.' E Pope

Paper .stulf boxes, maeliine for molding. P
Soliege.

Pill a to 1^ Idinu'tli.vlpy 1 azuloii'-. b K mur.

I’atti-rii for ilraftiiig garments. 31 blitz.

Piilti-riis, I'iipping plate iuid drawing bai for.

( ' ^\’ LciU'li.

Pencil sliarpeiier. d Dii>liaiie.

J’liotograpbie leii'i-s, means for regulating
ray.s of light passing thi'- ugli. d W Faw-
eets.

lh[te wrem b 0 C St;inb‘V.

Plane. dWTiipi.

Planer, poitiible. H B Iliiglies.

Pliinti'i' and guano disliibutm', st^.-d. J. P.
.Alliui, $r.

Plaster, w alb .1 < 'base.

Pla>lie comiiounds, ju'css for molding, d
Hothmin.

Pbistii- material, m:ikiiig indurated articles
tmm. d ( ' Peabod\ .

Platloinis, le\i‘liiig mechanism fur tank and
dredge. E S B' nnett.

Plow, reversible W N\ Bliller.

I’oliei- >igmil. 31 .1 Burns.

Po^t dliver. R Heaton.

l^iiiiling machine, tniveling c\\linder. C.
Biiit'-rlield.

Printing on glass, machine tor. d Budd.

Pi inting plate liolder. F T W heed.

Printing press, rubber tvjie. d 11 Barr.

Propelling mech!ini>m, vessel. A 'J’homas.

Pulley. S 11 St dobn.

Pulley, friction clutch. AV W Wallace.

I^ump, electrically ojierating. (.' Robinson.

Pnmpingoil wells, <-hM-tric device for. HE'
Waite.

Riidiator, beat. 0 I Dangler and H Riippeb

Riiil joint or coujiling. d G Aliller

Railway combiit. eb-elric. II A E' I’ctersen.

Railway joint splice bar. d Tearney and 4
'!' < )'( ^uinell.

Railway, ovethead electric. 4 0 Henry.

Railway signal, d () Pattce and C W Case.

Railway signaling and switching apparatus.
.1 D Taylor.

Railway switch, electric. C 31 Fitch

Railway sy.'-tem, electric. F Thomson.

Railway tie hewer, d A Grr.

Railway turn table, electrically operated.
11 Ej Danzenbaker.

Railways, block system for electric. J AV’
Gibboney.

Ram, hydraulic. G Payne.

Keel guide, automatic, d E' AV’elliugton.

Ring for exliibiling and. judging dogs, &c.
G ("4 Cleather ami Pd Gibson.

Roasting ajiparatus for peanuts, &c. C Ore-
tors.

Rotary steam engine. AV 31 Byrd.

Safe lock box. d E C Hill.

Safety }>in. A\’ Beclitold.

Sash balance. A^ Scliirmer.

Sash fastener. E Ament.

Saw swage. E Ajijierson.

Sawing machines, automatic feed fur band.
F E Cross.

Scale bearing, platform. S J Austin.

Screws by rolling, ajiparatus for forging. C
E'aii bairn and 31 Wells.

Scrubber. A E Buckliigliain.

Shelf and its sujipoi t, book. B R Green.
Shells, tubes, &c, machine lor making. B
Hewitt and R AVuotton.

Shoe shanks, machine for manufacturing. G
D Birtlett.

Shovel, sjiade, or scoop socket. II A Chis-
holm.

Sieve, d X A\ ilson.

Sifter, rutaiy ftsh. G P Harrison.

Soldering mm bine, can. I II Taylor.

Sole rounding maeliine. 4 A Crane.

Sjiark arrester, 4 (I'Doiim-ll,

Speculum. AV’ Sc 1 1 cere r .

Sj'indle sujijioi t. II F Woudmancy. (Reis*
.''Ue).

Sjiring seat. S (4 Scarritt.

Stall, COW', d Ardron.

Station indicator. F A' Russell.

Steam boib-r. G AV dobnson.

Steam i-ngim*. C W Robinson.

Steam engines, apjiarattis for extracting
grease fn m water of coiideiisution from,
W H Hooker.

Stool, slim- titting. 4 El AVlieeler.

Stove or otlnu* burners, lighting device for
gas. .) B Wallace.

Si l iking liag disk. CA Daniel.

Sly ami fiM-iling trough, bog. A Aucbly.
Surgical cliair. O Barucli.

Swimming ajijiaratus. G ('Bunsen.

Sw iti'li and ojierating meclianism, J E Dow-
ner.

Switchboard. El E' E'rost.

'I'able, sink, Ac. W 11 Hendrick.

Tclejilione. A (J \\'liite.

'I'elcjilione. magneto, 2. H A Chase.
Tel(‘plione switch. A Stromberg and A
Carlson.

'J'hrashiiig and sejiaratiiig machine, com-
bineil. D S Gi-iser.

Timber jueserving ajijiaratus. AV G Curtis
and d 1) Isiacs.

'fire, bycycle, (i F Wasliburn.

'l ire, i-ycie wlieel. d T Pojilawsky.

Tire, jmeumalic. d G 31oomy.

Tire, w heel. 0 E' Lavender.

Tires, device for repairing jmeumatic. P AV
Tillingliast.

'robacco, lei meiiling or curing. E) Sucbslamb
Tiie.-- and counters, blank for box. 4 W
Packard.

Track cle.iner. -I AV Warren.

Transjdanter. W A Pitt.

'i'rap. d J./eliet.

'I'l lick. 31 G Bailey.

Truck, cal'. X G Bassett.

Truck, car. 31 B Scliafl'er.

Turning machine, automatic. R H Grant.
Twine cleuiiei' ami oiler. A E4 Clibburu.
Tyne wiiting maeliine. C Hess.

'Jype writing macliines, tyjie bar hanger for.
B K ellogg.

Urn, cumjiartment A \\’ 3Ieyer.

A’alve bodies, seating. E' H Richards.

A'alve gear for dujdex direct acting engines.

li W 31orley and T lloleboiise.

A'alves, Ac., sealing device for. G A Tower.
A’eliicle band brake. J S Copeland.
A’elucijiede. d Clark.

Veloeijiede handle bar fastening. T B Jef-
fery.

A'endiiig machine. I> F S Cook.

Wagon body and weighing scale, combined.

(4 Riley ami 11 H York.

AVasb boiler. H Rotter.

Washing machine. F P Beisel.

AVatch. S Aronson.

AVater motor and fan, combined. AV H
Rm-ker.

AVell drilling machine. C A Kay
AVheel rim. A 31arcean and E' Slinie*
AAhndmill, 31 II Richardson.

AVinduw or door screen. T C Murphy.
AViiiclow ventilator. EC Ellis.

AVire reeling machine. J A List.

AVood working machine. 4 II Soars.
AVrajijiei-s or blanks of paper and metal foil,
machine for forming. A G Hotchkiss.

E. C. GILL, Manager.

Washington Lime and Cement Company,

AA’’h<)lesale and Retail Dealers in Lime. Plas-
ter. Aiilietam and Portland Cements. Flue
Lininsr Slate, Feed, AA’ood and Coal, AA’liole-
sale and Retail. Lime and Antietam Ce-
ment furnished in Carload lots. Estimates
Cheerfully Furnished. Tr:i,i-:riioxE 1(>70.

Cor. Sill and noniulary Sis., AA^ash. D. C.

J. W. 3rc3f AHOiS,

Room Xlouldings. A
I'ine Assortment of
Elchinirs, Sheet Pic-
iie

(T
e* •

y.

1604 14th street, Northwest,

WASHlXr.TON, P. C.

iiovi mm

tun-s. Etc. Picture Fi'.'in
INIaker. Fre.sco Paiiitin
Fine Work a Specialt

WILLETT & RUOFF,

H furrierS

near 9th St.

Knig-hts Templar Regralia.

■WaisJiiiiji'toii, I>. C.

Sole Ayents lor Dunlap & Co.'s Kew York- Hats.
Furs Received on Storapre-

T. E. CABELL,

Contractor and Builder,

Cabinet Work a Specialty. Jobbing- done
Promptly. Estimates for Buildings Fur-
nished. 'Work Contracted for on the Best
Terms. Charges Moderate.

1131 Isl Street, N. W., Washi.xgton, D. C.

THE IXVEXTIVE AOE.

/

IXVEXTIVE AGE BUILDIXG.

PREMlUnS TO SUBSCRIBERS.

Read the following" offers to new sub-

scribers:

OUR $l OFFER.

The IXVEXTIVE Age one year and two
copies of any patent desired, or one

oop3’ of any twt) patents $1 00

The IXVEXTIVE Age one .vear and a list
of 50 firms who manufacture and sell
patented articles 100

The IXVEXTIVE Age one 3'ear and Alto-

grrapli map of the Citv of Washingrton 1 00
The IXVEXTIVE Age one .vear and a five
line (35 words), advertisement in our
“Patents For Sale,*’ or “Want’' col-
umn, one time 1 00

For $1.

The Inventive Age and ain* one of the
following- Scientific books:

How to Make Electric Batteries at
Home, full,v illustrated, by Edward
Trevert.

Ever.vbod.v's Handbook of Electricit}*,
illustrated, b.v Trevert.

How to Make a D.vnamo, b.v Trevert.
Practical Directions for Electric Bell
Fitting- and Electric Gas Lig-hting-,

\>y Trevert.

Eliiiu Thompson's What is Electric-
itv?

' OUR $1.25 OFFER.

The Inventive Age one A-ear and Jo-
seph Allen Minturn's famous book
“The Inventor's Friend." indorsed bA’
such hig-h authorities, as Dr. Gatling-.

Clem Studebaker and others S1.2,S

Book alone 50 cents.

The Inventive Age one A’ear and aiiA-
one of the popular and instructive
books as per offer in another column,
under heading- of “ Popular Scientific

Books." $1.25

The Inventive Age one .vear and aiyA*
one of the “Excelsior Edition of Stan-
dard Poets," mentioned elseAvhere in
this mag-azine, SI. 25

OUR $1.35 OFFER.

The Inventive Age one A-ear and a copA'
of “Picturesque Washing-ton." 2o0 pp.,

136 illustrations, Stilson Hutchins' fa-
mous book, former price S2, sent to
anA' address in the United States SI 35

OUR $1.50 OFFER.

The Inventive Age one .vear and Robt.
GrimshaAv's famous book “Tips to In-
ventors ’’ SI 50

Address all communications to

THE IXVEXTIVE AGE.

Washing-ton. D. C.

Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence,

PATENT LAWYERS,

Solicitors and Experts.

602 F St., Washington, D. C.

Established 1861.

References; Dr. Jas. C. Welling-, President
Columbian University, Washing-ton, D. C. ;
Hon. John T. Morg-an. Hon. John T. Heard.
Gen. W. S. Rosecrans and manj' others.

‘24 Page Book Free,

Montague & Fuller,

Latest Improved

Bookbinders’

Machinery.

The Largest Line of Machinery
of any House in the World.

28 Reade St.. NEW YORK.

345 Dearborn St., CHICAGO.

AdA'ertisements inserted in this column for 15
cents a line (about 7 words) each insertion.
EverA' neAv subscriber sending- $1.00 to The In-
ventive Age will be entitled to the Age one
A'ear and to fiA'e lines one time free. Ad-
ditional lines or insertions at regular rates.

pOR SALE. — Patent Flour Bin and Sifter: a
hoTisehold necessitA'. Will sell all or por-
tion of right. Ag-ent AA-anted to sell territorA”.
liberal terms. Address, O J. Field. Xo. 810
Twelfth St., X. E.. Washing-ton. D. C.

pOR SALE. — The right to make and sell niA'
^ Auger Handle, the best handle ever iii-
A'ented. Can be manufactured cheapl.v. EA'ery
carpenter Avill Avant one of these handles. Ad-
dress, D. W. Meacham, McAdamsA'iHe, X. C,

pOR SALE. — Allen Brand Wire Fence. Pat-

* ented Feb. 27. 1894, Xo. 515.316. Built on
same principle used building- bridges. Costs
less than 20 cents a rod. Cut and description
furnished on application. vState rights. Cor-
respondence. Address, I. C. Allen, 53 Ross St.,
Williamsport, Pa.

pOR SALE. — Combs Fence Machine : patented
^ Jan. 30, 1894. Xo. 513.886 : evei'A- state except
Ohio. This machine is simple and cheaplA' man-
ufactured. Farmers avIio are using them saA'
it is a complete machine. Write for terms and
information to J. and W. H. Combs, RushA'ille,
Ohio.

pOR SALE.— Patents Xo. 514.4b9. Feb. 13, 1894-
^ and Xo. 388.878. Sept. 4, 1888 : on Sleighs and
Sleigh Xoses. I will sell for $5,000 for the whole
United States, or any one state for $1,000. Ad-
dress. Alex. Hiirtubise. SaginaAv. Mich.

pOR SALE.— Ma’ patent. Xo. 513.358 ; Grass

* Collector for lawn mowers. A bargain for
some person. Address, Emil Anderson, Win-
chester, Mass.

pOR SALE. — Tavo remarkable inventions.

Will sell at sisrlit ; one is a valuable Cigar
Cutter ; patented Dec. 15. 1891. The other is a
Window Bock and Supi^orter. This is alto-
gether a new iiiA’ention and is so simple and
substantia] it never coines out of order. This
little machine ansAvers tAvo important purposes
It locks the windoAv solid. iiobodA' can open it
from outside : when a'ou wish to open A'our Avin-
doAV then set it right under A’ourwindoAv at any
height you AA*ant it. I feel confident their is
plentA" of inoneA' in this patent Avhen handled
right. The name of patent is. “Bull Dog." pat-
ented April 3. 1894. Address, J. S. Heni'A-. Man-
heim. Pa.

pOR SALE. — Patent Xo. 513,450. Magic Toa'.

* ReadA' sales and large j^rofits : orders
placed for 400 in toAvn of 1800 as soon as made.
Address. Ross Armstrong, OnaAva, loAva.

pOR SALE. — Ma' patent. No. 512,326; I^eversi-

* ble Toboggan Slides : can be made 15 or 20
feet long for children : nothing better for pleas-
ure and exercise. Will sell state rights or sell
the patent outright. Write for uia’ prices. T.
M. Richards. Ebensburg, Pa.. Cambria Co.

pOR SALE. — United States Patent. Xo. 514,165,

* Drill Chuck : a good thing for somebodA-.
For particulars address, G. Pohlig, Xo. 208
McKean St.. Philadelphia. Pa.

SALE. — Patent Xo. 514,750: price $5,000,
Canadian $600. Fortune awaits developer.

automaticallA' makes .any length of turned or
beaded mouldings; 200 per cent profit in mould-
iiig's. Samples mailed. Daniel Hepp. 48 West
North AA'e.. Chicago.

COR SALE. — Ma' patent. Xo. 515.019 ; for Port-
* able Fence, issued Feb. 20, 1894, Will sell
state and countA' rights cheap. An excellent in-
A-ention. Write me fur particulars. Address,
D. A. Richardson, Paulding, Ohio.

pOR SALE. — Patent Xo. 514.532. issued Feb.
* 13, 1894 ; Combined Sash Lift. Stop and

Bock. W. A. Zietzle. Bozeman. Montana.

pOR SALE. — Parties wishing to patent good.
^ practical inventions for a half interest,
should write at once to G. Baube. Hnron. S. Dak.

pOR SALE — We the undersi.gned having ob-
^ taiiied the right and patent of the United
States for the Pilot Mountain FIa’ Excluder and
Ventilator, are noAv in readiness to make sales
of right in some or aiiA' part thereof. Pilot
Mountain FIa' Excluder Co., Pilot Mountain,
X. C.

pOR SALE. — Shop or state rights, or on rov-
^ altA’. Patent Xo. 513,-168. issued Jan. 23. 1894 ;
Adjustable. Self Booking Screen ; can be used
inside or outside of window. aboA’e or beloAA'.
Has been thoroughlA’ tested. James E. SA'iiies,
Bancroft. Mich.

pOR SALE. — Patent Xo. 347,665. (a Dish
^ Drainer): a desirable and useful household
invention. A quick buA'er will get a bargain.
Address. G. C. Howell. New Milford, Susque-
hana, Co., Pa.

SALE. — Do A'OU want to buA' a patent that
will give you a nioiiopolA- of a pa.ving bus-

iness ? Patent issued Jan. 1894; iiiA'estigate.
Address. A, L. Leonard. 110 Monroe St., Mont-
gonierA'. Ala.

THE LATEST NOVELTY.

PairiUrd Jan. 3'i. Isv^.

sheet i^ETAL SHEARS,

Inventive Age.

Whi. li V. -p'-i’
i ro II and < d<i ’ i .i r< • ' ■ j : r .
-In-at liing b./a r-i '

In-a’. i'-r 'j-uag'* mau-'-ia ■ tii.
olli'-r ^lyl.' a.i ^

hand;.- and U'-fl -.il !'>r an • and
kind." of work'.

The culling p'.in’ b-g'-
ii'Nir ihe bfdl or ]/i • .a n:
ling oa"\'. X'/ihing -b.-

and U"i'ful ever ln\a-nG d.

Thi> pauMii i" for "a’.*-, in. dial-
ing claim-- for Paieiii -lill ]j--j:d-
ing. both for Europe and ih--
United Slate>.

GEORGE H. STOCKMAN.
3510 X. 17th St. Philadelphia Pa.

pOR SALE.— $500 will buA* entire patent Xo.
^ 485.931: Spring Plow Clevis: practical and

full of merit. A rare chance for investors. Ad-
dress. Arthur E. Guild. Bo.x 355. Walpole. X. H.

pOR SALE. — Patent Xo. 419.928, Combined

* Hoe and Seed Dropper: or Avill trade for
stocks or Real Estate; it Avill sell to eA'erA*
farmer in the South. Bargain for some one. as
I am going tosell. Address, W. C. Claibourne,
Knoxville. Tenn.

pOR SALE. — Vei'A' A'aluable patents b\' the In-

* A’entor: Foreign and Domestic; theGilliani
Automatic ‘WindoAA’ Blind, of Avood or metal.
The American. British, French. Canadian.
Belgium, and Austria Hungaiw. granted 1892:
also the Gilliam Automatic Sash Operator Fas-
tener and Anliroller; it being a burglar proof
arrangement. John W. T. Gilliam. Inventor,
241 X. Fulton Aa'c.. Baltimore, Md.

pOR SALE OR riANUFACTURE.— The Dick-

* sou Ice Meter ; a valuable patent coA-ering
an appliance to put in household refrigerators,
Avhich Avill shoAv number of pounds of ice de-
liA'ered dail.v and total number used during en-
tire month; new novel, useful, an entire monop-
oly: Avrite for particulars; W. B. Dickson, In-
A'entor. Kansas Citv. Mo.

BUSINESS SPECIALS.

Little Shoe Chat,

Most Shoe Dealers treat cus-
tomers as thoug'h the}' never
expected to see them ag-ain.
We do just the reverse. AVe
are after 3’our permanent trade.
Every pair of shoes ve sell
3'Oii must be "just rig-ht” in
size, shape, fit. style and dura-
bility— in short the best pair of
shoes its price is capable of
buying' an^'vhere in America.
Eet us do 3'our shoeing-. Just
now we are offerinir a number
of very extraordinary’ "drives.**

AdA’erlisements under this heading 15 cents a
line each insertion — seven Avords to the line.
Parties desiring to purchase A'aluable patents
or wanting to manufacture jjatented articles
Avill find this a A’aluable advertising medium.

\^ANTED. — Correspondence with capitalists
seeking an iiiA’estment in something prof-

itable and permanent. liaA’itig from $1,000 to
$10,000 to iiiA'est AA’ill do well to enquire. Ad-
dress. H.. Xo. 212 Locust Street. St. Louis. Mo.

bANTED. — Party interested in organizing
compaii}' to engage in li.ght manufactur-
ing business desires to correspond Avith oAA’iier
of some good patent. Position of Superinten-
dent to right partA'. Address, I. M. S., Bock
Box 53, Bridgeport, Ohio.

'^^ANTED—To purchase a good patent, some
small novelty of merit or money saA'ing
or labor saA’ing device Avith price Avithin reach
of all. to sell on royalty. W, H. Harmon. 2129
Madison Kansas Citv. Mo.

In Architecture,

Architectural Dr.a.aving.

Plumbing, He.vting and Ventil.vtion,
Bridge Engineering,

Railro.vd Engineering,

Surveying .-^nd M.a.pping,

Electrical Engineering.

Mechanic.vl Dk.vwing,

Mining.

English Branches, and

3 1 Id C 1 1 TVI C .

Diplomas awarded. To begin students
need only knoAvn hoAv to read and write. Send
for FREE Circular of Information stating the
subject Tou think of studA’ing to THE COR-
RESPONDENCE SCHOOL' OF MECHANICS
AND INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE, Scranton, Pa.

C. A. DORSET! & BRO.,

PlijrRbers and Tinners,

Moore’s

Shoe

Palace,

810 7th Street,

(Xext to Kincr's Palace.' 'WASHIXGTOX.

ROBINSON ON PATENTS.

A Treatise on the Law of Patents for Useful
Inventions. By W. C, Robinson. LL.D..
Professor of Law in Yale UniA'ersity.
3 A'ols.. 8a'o. Sheep, $19.50 net.

This important work, including upwards of
2.200 pages, has been in preparation for a num-
ber of years.

It fully and adequately deals Avith the Avhole
field of patent laAv, and is believed to be the first
treatise presenting to the ijrofession a scien-
tific and c.xhaustiA'e discussion of the princi-
ples as Avell as the rules and practice of patent
laAv.

It has been the aim of the author to place in
the hands of the profession a complete practi-
cal Avorking treatise, in Avhich might be found
alAvaA’S at hand an ansAver to any question
arising in the course of professional study. Avith
the theory on which it rests and the authorities
by Avhich it is supx^orted. Having this end in
vieAv, every patent case in the American and
English reports has been diligently searched,
and every statement bearing upon any question
of jjatent law has been utilized in the prepara-
tion of the text.

Easily Without a Rival. — Hon.C. E. Mitchell.
Late Commissioner of Patents.

The Avork is an honor to our nation. —
ca/i Aa-j Rcz'icz:'.

LITTLE, BROWN & CO., Publishers,

254 Washing4;on St., Boston, Mass.

H, KOPPEL,

1115 PAKK l-LACE Northeast,

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Orders solicited and i^romptly executed. Sat-
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Spring and Summer Stock now on hand to
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. . PRICES REASOXABLE. . .

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This Press meets rotary printing ma-
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Oar extensive works are constantly run, day and night, to meet the increasing demand.

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Wall Paper Department
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Wall In r )k Dkcokations.

C .\ K I’ !•: r s. F K F. sc ( ) I x< , . C < ) k x i c i: T i x r i x t ;
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Floor' Polish ix< .. Staixi-d (1l.\ss.

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Don't rupvat what your tioiglibors say. thuy
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Call us up by Telephone. 151L. and our rei)resentati ve
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BLANK BOOKS MADE TO ORDER.

Easton & Rupp,

Dealers in

Itlaiik Books, Paper and Envelopes,
A\'rappinu^ Ikiper, Twines, &c.

4^1 Elev^eiitli Street, N. W.,

! I 'NXiTi )>>. , 1>. <

T. H. Ai.i;x.\niii;k.

Allornrv and Conns, liar at Lazo.

KsiablisheI) 1,857.

Aktiu k E. Dowell,

AtCy at Lena, Mechanical Expert.

ALEXANDER DOWELL,

I* v"ri i>> ''r iirj-i,

s^oEicrroRis oi' iwv'rEX'PH.

Kooius : I, ‘.i ;iinl il, Mtii bFe ISiiiMiiiy, <>)>7 7tli St., X. AV,, AVasliinytoii, 1>. V.
Send tor our Book on Patents.

Ik Ik SDIMS,

Carpenter and Builder.

Shop in Rear of 920 M St. N. W.,

IVASinN-GTOX, D. C.
liepEiirs n Siiecialtj-.
\Vf..\tiiek Strips, Window Screens.

New Wood anil Coal Yard.

P. R. TAVENNER & BRO.,

Wood and Coal Dealers,

3323 M Street, W. Washington.

All kinds of of coal at lowest rates served in
any quantity, and prompt delivery yuaranteed.
Coal under cover.

The Best Kind
of an Investment.

Tbo price of large timber tracts in the South
has increased 2d0 per cent in the last six years.
Will increase more rapidly as tracts grow
sea rcer.

The Interstate Land Bureau, room 40, Nation-
al Union Buildiny, Washington, D. C., has for
sale over 1,500,0(10 acres of tinibeiTand, in tracts
from 10,000 to 3(H),00() acres, in Kentuck}', North
Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Georyia, Louisiana
and Texas. Prices from $1 to S8 per acre.

Also land for colonies in Southern Maryland,
Viryinia, Alabama and Georgia. Good unini-
jn'oved farming land in Alabama and Georgia,
easy of access to markets, from $2to$3 per acre.

Also coal land in Tennessee, Kentucky and
West Virginia.

Also cheap farms in Virginia and Maryland,
and choice gold mining properties in Virginia,
Maryland, North Carolina and Georgia.

Also choice properties for large or small in-
vestors in and about Washington. The Bureau
has reliable agents in London and Amsterdam.

WAX. lUXkVll IlOGItKS,

Sec’y ami GeiiT Manager.

BRADLEY BROTHERS,

SUCCESSORS TO

J. W. LaTOURETTE,

927 D Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Desire to inform their friends and the gen-
eral public that they have purchased a portion
of the stock— vehicles and good will — of said
La Tourette, at the above named stables, and
will supply the stables with new buggies, etc.,
and tirstclass driving horses, and thereby be
I)repared to furnish the finest turnouts in the
city, making a specialty of light hiring; horses
boarded by the day or month at reasonable
rates. Give us a call.

BRADLEY BROTHERS,

Successors to J. W. La Tourette,

No. 927 D St., Next to Evening News,

Telephone Call. 261,

P. S. — Also proprietors of Ridgeland Stock
Farm, near Cabin John Bridge. Horses
stabled and pastured at all seasons.

Wm. MacKENZIE & CO.,

Contractors in Stone Work.

Estimates Cheerfully Furnished.

S. W. Cor. N. J. Ave. and R Street, N. W.
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Coiitaininj^ descriptions of all the new inven-
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Sample Copy, Five Cents. Send for it. You
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IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.

Reasonable, Durable and Prompt.

124 B St., N. E., W.^tSHIxcTON. D. C.

JAMES B. HENDERSON.

Artistic Paper Hangings.
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No. 93.3 F St., M asliiiigtoii, 1>. C.

AV. E. COLBl HN,

GENERAL CONTRACTOR.

Portland Cement Walks, Steps and Pave-
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Box 33, Builders Exchange.

Residence 7004th St., N. E. 'Washington, D. C.

J. T. WALKER SONS,

Dealers in LIME, CEMENTS, PLASTER,
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CATALOGUES S

F-REE. a

_dALS0 TOO LS,

WHEELS. a PARTS OF MODELS?

Goodnow & Y/igliinian,

63 SkiiTclbuirY Street,

BOSTON. MASS.

The Hatch & Holmes Miimifacturiiig Co.,

Special Tools,

Aianufactiirei-s of Small Hardware,

Machinery.

I’orket Ciitirrv tu the World riiilrr ‘’Tlie llatrli Ciitierv Co.'’

I I

The Blades of every Knife manufactured under this brand are guaranteed free from cracks
and not soft. A ny knife not givi ng- satisfaction through either of the above faults, will be re-
placed b.v a new knife at the factory.

Cor. Kossuth <&. Seymore Sts., Bridgeport, Conn.

STEEL

CASTINGS.

IT-oui 1-t to 40,000 lbs. Weijilit.

Of Open Hearth, Chester or Bessemer Steel.
True to Pattern. Sound. Solid.

Gearing of ali kinds. Crank Shafts.

Knuckles for Car Couplers.

C ross- Jfcads. Rocker Pisfoji'Jleads, etc.
Jor Lorouiofi-'es.

Steel Castings of Every Description.

Chester Steel Castings Co,,

AVorks, Chester, Pa.

Office, 407 Library St., Philadelphia, Pa.

The Washington National Building and Loan Association,

Ohio National Bank Building, Washington, D. C.

Par value of shares SlGO, and the holder draws that amount in cash at matu-
rit.v, estimated at seven to eight years time. Cost is 60 cents monthl.v or
S50 in advance. On the latter diz'idoids are ijaid semi-aninially, at 0
per rent per annum on the amount paid in. Either stock can be withdrawn
any lime after three months with 6 per cent and after two ^-ears with S per
cent. Unexcelled as a method op' savnig small or ijiz'estin^ large sums.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.

Hun. Joseph D. T.\ylor, President. W. F. Johnson. Gen 1 Manager.

WASHINGTON LOAN and TRUST
COMPANY,

9tl 1 aiKl I-' X. \\'.

.\D>iii_-\ <)ii V, < > 1 1 1 1 c- r; 1 1 ; I i J « I

I’;i • - 1 11 1 .•!• - 1 ••n I . II; 1 ;;

-•un.l In -•

CAPITAL, $1,000,000.

C:ill ;in (1 wri i ' - • ‘ . .

I!. II. W.\KNI:k. I'i ■ fi!.-, .

JXO. Jd'i' KDSOX. v;. .-IT,. T . ,
JXO, SWOIMC, Jr \'ir.-l>.'.. ..
JX'i. K. CARM'iI)'!'. 'I r ir, r,
w. i;. Rriinsox. s.-, .
AXDKLW PARKKK. .. '

Y\^. A. T:,

i>k.-vli-:k in

Contractor’s • •

• • Supplies,

SHIP ( UANDLCUV AM) :U V-

ium: hapdwap!:,

Blocks, Cordage, Machinists' and En=
gineer's Supplies,

HAHN 1: S S.

220 Teutli St., Corner of C Street Northwest,

WASHIXGTOX. D. C.

JOS. E. HODGSON,

Furnaces, Ranges and Latrobes,

ROOFING, GUTTERING and SPOUTING,

Jobbing Promptly AtteiuU^d to.

All Work Guaranteed.

Repairs furni.shed for all kinds of Stoves.

Xo. 42^) Eigidh Sti*eet Southeast,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

0VELTIE5

0 ^

IB.KMHT&C0,

A

T

D

lannfactnrers,

T

El \\

fS Washington Ave.

e:

R

L.

ST. LOUIS, MO.

N

Rs

X TOOLS &HD MACHIMERYX

/

T-O

W.J. THOK'^YGODDv Ci\,

DEALKKS IN

Wall Pap ers,

Decorations,

Room Mouldings,
Shades, &c.
n il 14tli Sticet, N. W.,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Fresco and Plai n Painting. Estimates Given.

C. E. FINCH,

vSTAIR BUILDER,

212,-5 H Stroet, N. W.
WASHIXGTOX, D. C.

UmTAvUinffeU

Carpenter and

14 1 1 F Street, N. W.

Estimates cheerfully given. None except
best of workmen employed by me.

78

THK IKV

.VOE.

Andrew B. Graham,

I ITflOGRflPtiER

1230 Penn. Avenue,

WA(-iri I rs(.;"ro>. . 1). <

1031.

BiU = liea<Js,
Diplomas,
Bonds,
Checks,

Letter^ Heads,
Cards,

Notes,

Drafts,

Certificates of Stock, Etc.

Photo= Lithographing.
FREDERICK CARL,

Successor to E. H. liH.-tDi-oun.

Model Maker,

Expert ill Perfect Working Models,

Dfsignin.g. DraftiiiL'' and Perfect Work-
ing’ Mi'dels for Inventors. ModeK made
from sketches. I’aieiil Cflice drawings
or lionie-made niodtds. Duplicates made
of Patent (ttlice modtds for law ''•nils in
case of infringenumt. Paltn'iis madi'
from wood and metal. Manufacturing
of Novelties.

71 1 G Street. o]>posEte U. S. Patent Oflice,
WASIIIN('/rON. I). C.

COAL ™

Dry well-seasoned Wood.
Free-Burning Coke.
First Grade Coal.

Sole Agent for the

Celebrated ARGYLE STEAMING COAL.

TliOS. II. MALT IN,

Main Oki-ice: 920 2dth St. N. W.,

WASIIINC’rTON. D. C Telephone 17()G.

xV. F. JOltSS,

Ornamental and Antique Finish

. . Wrought Iron Work.

304 13th Street, N. W.,

WASHIXl'rTOX.D. C.

GEOltGE E. xAIKIdN,
vStair Building and Hand

Rail YVorking a Specialt}'.

1316 C Street. N. 3V..

Washington. D. C.

T. .V. llAJiNElLLE,

Real Estate, Loans and Insurance,

Clic.Tp Pniperty a Specitilty.

1335 Cr Street. X. \V.. W.ASHINGTON. 1). C.

THE LINOTYPE,

Machine Composition.

Only Successful Machine in Use.

This machine, operated hy liiiger keys like a lypt writer, autfunatically produces and as-
sembles. ready for pres'^ or stereotyping table, type-metal bars or linotypes, each bearing, prop-
erly jusiified. the typv* character to print an entire line. After using the type bars are re-melted
and cast into new bars.

Speed 3,600 to 7,S00 ems per hour.

e ® ®

Hasily Operated. OiiickI}' Learned.
Single Operator.

Xo Loose Type. Xo Distrilmlion.

Xetv Face for Fvery Issue.

© © @

Used by 150 . .
Leading Dailies.

Address

The Meriraiithaler Liiiatype Cdnipaiiy,

Tribune Building NEW YORK CITY,

PHIL. T. DODGE, President.

Ei<\\ AKii H. Alli;n, ]'rt-sid, nt.

.M.ArKici; JOVCE, Tirasun-r.

THE STANDARD
ENGRAVING COMPANY,

4!4 Eleventh St., 927 F Street,

V/ASH!NQTON, D. C.

Engraving by alt Methods.

Half Tones Etched on Hard Rolled Copper and Blocked on

Mahogany a Specialty.

The Norris Peters Company,

Photo=LithogTaphers,

45.S=-4GO Ax'emifs Washingttfii, 1).

Spncial attention given to tlie rejirodiictiuii and p^rintiiTg of copies on parchment, drawing-
paper, tracing’-linen, and cardboard, of Pattmt Office drawings for attornex’s to accompany appli-
cation ff>r patmits in foreign countries.

GEO. s. DOKIC^rt'S.

FR.ANK C. JUST

F. iS. AiUliiAlY,

Practical Tinning and Heating,

Steel Plate Furnaces, Ranges and Fatrobes.
Jobbing done on short notice.

N. Vi. COKNER 3rd and. H Streets,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

DOREMUS & JUST,

414 Eleventh St., Star Building,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Model Makers, Manufacturers of Patented

Novelties and Electric Supplies.

All kinds Screw machine w irk. Bicycles built to order, repaired, nickle plated
and enameled with baked enamel. Gold, Silver. Nickle, Copper and Bronze Plater.

Oliaiitleliei’SB cfinia»liecl in tlie Latent
Out of town work solicited.

E. E. JACKSON. E. COELIEK.

THOS. NORWOOD,

E.E.Jackson&Co.

M.ANUFACTURERS OF

Lumber, Doors, Sash,

Blinds and Moulding.

Cor. 13th and Ohio Ave., N. W.,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

SI’I'XM ALTIES : Dressed Flooring.

Makers of Alabama Edge-Grain Flooring.
Mills located at Plantersville. Ala.

(icurge Yl. Barker,

W. P. TULLOCK, Mjanager.

Building Material.

Doors, Sash, Blinds, Moulding,
Frames, Mantels.

Xos. 64'i and 651 X. Y. Avr.
WASH IXGTOX, 1). C.

Telephone 948.

T). HArAxAUF,
Practical Mechanician,

(Established 1855.)

Constructor of Light Machinery, Experimental
and Model Work.

All orders for Cerli tied Duplicates of Patent
Oflice Models, and Models of anj' Foreign Pat-
ents from Drawings and Specifications, filed in
the Library of the Patent Office for law suits in
case of infringement: also. Original Modelsfor
Inventors, and Models to complete application
lor Patents, from Drawings and Specifications
filed in the Patent Office.

731 7lh Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

C I T AS. K. COlKiSWEl.!.,

Carpsnter and Builder,

15th Street Extended, Mt. Pleasant.

WASHINGTOX, I). C.

Jobbing done in all its branches.

Estimates cheerfullj'' furnished.

WALLACE WOODWARD,

Furnaces, Ranges and Latrobes,

S*‘t and Repaired.

Roofing, Guttering and Spouting.
Smokey Chimneys Cured. Brick
work repaired. Roof Painting. All
orders promptly’ attended to.

140-1- T Street. N. W., Washington. D. C.

EVERVBODV WANTS THE

UyE STOCK JOURNAL

And our WUHLD S FAIR 50c.
PRE/vviuM SPRING CURRY COMB
E toEver.v Subscriber.
Si. 10 A YEAR.

Write for FREE SAMPLE COPY.
Liberal Cash Commission to Agents.

Westerii Agncuitmisl aod Live Stock Jooroali

334 Dearborn St., Chicago, 111., or
QUINCY. ILLINOIS.

< JiiA )li( i l: TTiiTCFl,

Slate and Tile Roofer,

1424 loth Street, near P St., X. W.,

WASHINGTOX, D. C.

Repairing- a specialty-. All work guaranteed.

O C> AV iS E LL !«; ,

PfIflGTICflL BRICKLIl![fiS IN ILL BRINCHES.

Best of work done on shortest notice.
Estimates furnished.

C.34 I Street, X. E.,

Washixgton, D. C,

A.GE.

THE

TXV]

PATENTS.

Caveats, Trade Marks,
Designs-, Etc.

Report as to pateiilability of invention
Free of Charge. Un.surpassed facilities.
Moderate terms. Before appU'itig for a patent
write us. All information and advice Free.

GLASCOCK & CO.

606 F Street, Washington, 0. C.

C. C. WOOD,

Attorney and
Solicitor of

Foreign and Domestic PfltClltS.

L. C. Wood Buitding,

507 E St. N. W.,

WASHiNGTON, D. C.

PATIENTS FOR I N V FXTK >N,S.

RICHARD P. EVANS & CO.,

Counsellors at Law.

Attorneys in Solicitors of United
Patent States and Foreign

Causes. Patents.

464 La. Ave.. Washington, D. C.

Write for our book, "E^ATENT EAAV AaI.>
PRACTICE.” sentfreeupon request.

Whitaker 6: Prevost,

Attorne\ s and
Counsellors at Law,

PATENTS AND PATENT CAUSES.

Bischoff Building. 6io F St.. N. W..
WASiilXC'rrjX. j>. (. .

p T Tc r s ,

copyrights' sfxtred.

Trade Marks Registered. Searches made as
to novelty. Opinions rendered as to scope and
validity’’ of patents. Assignments prepared
and recorded. Abstracts to title made. Clpiii-
ioiis as to infringements given. Patent litiga-
tions conducted. Our charges are deiinite and
reasonable. Best of references throughout the
United States, Canida and Europe.

Our new and enlarged Hand Book containing
over fifty illustrations, forwarded on reciuest.

Inventors- interests guarded. All corres-
pondence strictly' secret and confidential. Dur-
ing ten years of practice we have secured some
of the most valuable patents issued.

RHESA (i. DuBOlS,

Inventive Age Building. WasHixorox, D. C.

PATENTS.

CO

q:

<

UJ

Q

<

ce

h-

R. N. STEVENS,

Attorney and Solicitor,

Procures Foreign and Domes-
tic Patents at Moderate Rates.
Advice and Book of Instruc-
tions Free.

Correspondence Soticited. All Letters
Confidential.

□

m

w

Q

Z

GO

Inventive Age Bl’dg. WASHINGTON, D. C.

liCOLyil!! miOiLBSi,

91 1 F Street, N. W.,
\\'A.sviix(7'r(>x, i:>. c.

A (Iciii'i'al liaiikiiiii- IPisiiirsN Triiiisadril.

CAriT.VI. :»2,)0,0<)0.

E. S. PARKER,

A. F. FOX,

CLARENCE COR.SOX.

I'rt'sidni!.
TV, c- President.
Casiuer,

PATENTS,

DAVIS X CO.,

Attorneys and Solicitors,

H. L. Davis, fonnerly of L". S. Pai.-nt '^liilc-.

Procures Foreign and Domestic
Patents at Moderate Rates. Cor-
respondence Solicited. All Busi-
ness Confidential.

(jO.j ttli street. X. W., Washixi.T'in. D. C.
Upp. Patein Office.

PATENTS OBTAINED.

E. W. ANDERSON & CO.,

Counsellors at Law,

700 7th Street, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Examinations without charge.

Inventor’s Guides free.

Jas. D. SlcidiTiore,
United States and
Foreign Patents.

Designs, Trademarks and Copyrights.

Atlantic Bldg., WASHINGTON, I). C.
More th.vn IS Years Experience.

JoItit C. PIowlciiTd,

ATTORNEY AT LAW.

D0l[SIICiDF0[][PPIMSS[[:yfi[0.

(L.utk Pkixcipal Examixek OI' tiik
Gexeual Laxd Office.)

Special Attention to Land. Patent,
and Corporation Cases;.

15 YVarder Bldg.. Washi-XGTOX, D C.

Prompt ly secured. Trade-Marks, Copyrights
and Labels registered. Twenty-five years ex-
perience. We report wlietlier patent can be
secured or not, freeofcbnrge. Ourfee notdue
until patent is allowed. S'ipage Hook Free.
H. B. WILLSON Sl CO., Attorneys at Law,
0pp. u.s. Pat. office. WASHINGTON, D, C,

WILLIAM A. KIMMEL,

PENSIONS.

Contractor and 3^**^^**'

SHOP; 11X16 Conn. Avexue.
RESIDENCE; 1132 N. J. Ave.

Estimates Furnished on the
Shortest Notice.

L. C. WOOD & CO.. L. C. Wood Build-
ing, 507 E St, N. W., Washington. D. C.,
give every' claim for pension entrusted to
them a

lIGflflOUS m PROliPT PflOSECyilON.

If y'ou want to avoid unnecessary delay
in securing action on your claim: or if
your claim has been rejected, or your
name dropped from the pension rolls write
us at once.

j VALE

PflTEITS fii TRfiDE MiKS,

Attorney and Counsellor at Law.

Atlantic Building.

028 F St. N. W. WASHINGTON. D. C.

CATCHEL&TOMl'KIXS,

Tailors,

We invite you to call and
examine our Fine Line of
Goods for Spring’ of ’94.

Latest Designs, Best Materials,
Faliltless Fit.

Si8 i2th Street, \. \V., Washington, I). C.

R. M. BROWN,

Artists and
Painters Supplies.
American and French
Window' Glass.

S. W. cor. 7th & N sts. N. W..

WASHINGTON, D. C.

THOMSON JAY HUDSON,

Attuniey at law,

(i'l.j r street, N. tV. WASHINlrTDN. D. C.

Counsellor and Expert in Patein
Causes. Seven years experience as
Principal Examiner in the Patent
Office.

iTTTTTiTvviTiTs

Attorney and Counsellor at Law,

liuildhig, 908 <; St.,N.A\ .,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Practices in the Supremo Court of the
United States, the Court t)f Claims and
the several Courts of the District t)f Cf-
lumbia. iHas had eight years exTieri-
ence in the Argumei’it ui U'utent ai:d
other cases before the Courts, represeiit-
iii'F the Government.

R. STONESiFER,

rierchant Tailor,

olo Xew York .Vt <‘iiu(“,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

W. S. PLAGER,

Carpenter and Builder

Jobbing Promptly Attended to by
addressing or calling at Shop,
Rear of Residence,

No. 27 M STREET N. W.,

Washixgtox, D. C.

John Howlings,

6i2 i2th street, N. VV.
Washington, D. C. |

mmm and sliiip mm.

in tlie

Tile work for Bathrooms. Vestibules.
Floors and Wainscoting. All the latest
color effects. Brass and Wn»ught Iron
Fire Goods. Andirons. Fenders. Fi resets
Etc. Wood Carpet, and Parquetry floor-
ing a Specialty.

A call invited. Telephone 1073.

Pollock & riartin,

Wall Papers,
Decorations,

Room npuldings.

333 C Street, Southeast.

Near Cor. 4th and Penn. Ave.

Washington, D. C.

Estimates cheerfully furnished. Our terms
are reasonable. All orders by mail will receive
prompt attention.

GOOTTRrCK A- CO.,

Ileiieriil CoRtrarfors anil BRildtrs,

Estimates furnished on all classes of
work and repairs.

1057 to 1067 28th vSt.. N. W. Wash. D. C.

.1. sfTirjyrzij.wji.

Meciianidan and Model Maker,

.Models for Patents and Experiments.
Electrical and MeteoiTog-ical Instruments and
lifrlit machinere- of everj- description made to
order.

713 6tli St., N. W.. Washixgtox. D. C.

M. M, TREMBLEY & C0„
Expert Sign Painters,

House Painting a Specialty.

Estimates furnished. Satisfaction guar-
anteed to all our work. None except ex-
pert hands eniploy'cd.

1208 Penn. Ave. N. W. Washixgtox, D. C.

THE

Railroad Car Journal

ISTHEONLY

publication in the world devoted
exclusively to the construction,
maintenance and interchange of
Railroad Car Eeiuipment. A Jour-
nal for Superintendent of Car De-
partment, Foreman. Inspector
and Repairer; and especially for
inventors of car appliances.
Subscription ONE DOLLAR per
year. Sample Copy Gratis.

617 Vanderbilt Building, NEW YORK.

NE W BOOK-JTHT OUT.

Ho\y to Make aud Use the Telephone.

By GEORGE H, C AKV, A. :\l.

Illuslraletl with working drawings; and
gives practical di rectioiis for building and op-
erating telephone lines. Just the book forany-
body interested in this subject. It is the latent
book published, and is up to date.

Contents: Chat. I. The Telephone. II. The
Telephone Line. III. IIow to make Receivers
of Simple Construction. IV. Batteries best
suited to Telephone Work. V. Magneto Call
BelL. VI- Switch-boards. VII. Telephone
Troubles and How to Remedy Them.

Address. THE INVENTIVE AGE,
Washixgtox. D. C.

experimentors can obtain
iii I lill 1 UliO valuable assistance from us in
jierfecting their ideas. M dels and patterns a
specialty. Write us. Wm. Gardam & Son, 9S
John St.. New York.

8o

THE IXVEXTIVE AOE.

Superior Copper Alixed

^ T Y p E +

Has stood the test of a cjuarter of a century and now stands Without a Peer.

Quality of Goods,

Courtesy to the Trade,
Accommodating Ways,
Energy, Intelligence and
Progressiveness

Have put this foundry to the front.
It is now the largest in the country.
Probably the largest in the world.

Dealers in Babcock Air Spring Presses,

Howard Iron Works Cutters,
Chandler & Price Presses.

And all other kinds of Machinery, Inks, etc., etc.

The inaeliiiie «liieli SKTS
MOVAUl.K TYI’KS.

Inevitable Destiny of the Drint-slmi)

Send for Catalogues, Pony Specimen Books, Estimates and Information to us or any of our Branches.

The Gre.'it Western Type Foundry, Ktiiisas City.

“ “ “ " “ Onialui.

“ St. Louis Printers Supply C<»., St. Louis.

“ Minnesota Type Foundry, St. Paul, Minn.

Barnhart Bros. & Spindler,

183 to 185 Monroe Street, Chicago.

Joseph Leicester Atkins,

itii'iif r,'iiists.

S. H. HINES,

UNDERTAKER AND EnBALHER,

1315 14th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

With sixteen years' experience offers liiniselt to the public to do all Kaiuls of funeral
Work, and g'uaranlee prompt attention and the very best r)f service at the lowe.st
prita--^. Metallic caskets furni'^lied when '>0 desired.

Ojieii Day and Nij^lit. Te*leplioiH*, TTA. i'hairs For Uir«* «ni all Ocanisioiis.

(LH IIIA (Hill I a

AtlanlD Biiikling, WASHlNbTON, D. C.

Sixty page book free.

Arrangements can be made with us for funerals in any city in the United States, or for
transfer of bodies from one city to another.

The Peoples Co-operative Burial Association,

All persons who may be called on l<t bury a member of their family tvr a friend are res-
pect fully i nv in d to call at the office of the Co-operative Burial Association and
examine «)iir certilicates represent i nyr S50 and 5100 funerals. Certihcales when paid
up. dra.w 4 per cent interest, and are transfer. tble tt) any one. Cash «)r install, as
prefered. All of our funerals will have prompt aitenti )n and the best of services
g'liaranleed. E.xamine and be couviiiced f>f yt)iir interest in the matter. Open day
ar.d ni._lu for funeral work. Telephone, 775.

S. II. I I 1 N Ids, Di-csitTMit.

uil.-, I-tth Sd-. ct, X. \V.

ITST.tP.LISn F.I) 1)857.

1. 1. KIMBALL CO.

M .t N U FAilTV K H K s O I-

PIANOS AND ORGANS,

Highest Honors World’s Fair.

60 Organs Daily. CHICAGO. 20 Pianos Daily.

Office and Wakerooms:

Wabash Avenue near Jackson .Street.
Factories: Corner 26 and Rockwell Streets.

Expert Model Making. ,

EST.ABLISIIKD 1867,

PETER SEA'L.Prop. Chicago Model Works,
Chicago. 111.. 170 Madison St. Write for cata-
logue of Model Supplies and references.

MORRISON PAPER fOMPflNY,

Dealers in Manilla and straw Wrapping Paper, Flour Sacks, Paper Bags,
Twine, Shipping Tags, Straw Board, Ice Cream Boxes, Writing and
Printing Papers and Envelopes

Agents for Holyoke Flat and Writing Papers, Collins’ Printers’ and Photographers
Cards, Chas. Eneu Johnson & Co.’s Printers Ink.

No. loog Penn. Ave. N. W.,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

CHAS. H. HODGKIN,

Expert in Plate Glass,

WAREROOMS: 913 7th St., N.W.,

•WASHINGTON. D. C.

W. S. JONES,

Xo. 110,‘5 Sixth Street, X'<>rtli\vest,

CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER.

Jobbing Promptly Attended to.
Estimates furnished on shortest notice.

BARBER& ROSS,

rjiimHei*, TROOPS,
Sasli, Blinds,
rTai*dwai*e.
ood and Slate
A raiitels,

Cl as Bixtnnes,
&c.

OFFICE AND STORE:

nth and G Street, N. W.

WAREHOUSE:

13th and Ohio Ave.
ETTINGER & SMITH,

Contractors
and Builders,

215 Twelfth Street, N. W.,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

Estimates cheerfulU’ furnished. Jobbing
done on short notice. Orders b^’ mail will
receive prompt attention.

Fifth Year, t
No. 5. >

WASHINGTON, D. C., MAY, 1894.

' Single Copies 10 Cents.
I $i Per Year.

GARBAGE CREMATION.

The System Which Promises Complete Destruc=
tion in Unlimited Quantities.

The recent experiments made at Chicag'o to test
the S5'stem of Janies C. Anderson for burninj,'' gar-
bage, with sucli marked success, have created a wide
interest, not only on account of the great impor-
tance of the subject, but because of the liigh rejjuta-
tion of the inventor in tlie scientific world : and
much curiosity' is aroused to learn of the methods
employed and how far the obstacles heretofore ex-
isting to success may have been overcome.

It is true that pure garbage has been cremated in
a limited way by
f u r n a c e s fitted
with grate bars,
over which the
garbage is 'spread
in thin layers, and
by frequent stir-
ring, slowly con-
sumed in fires fed
bj’ crude petrole-
um, but the fresh
supply of garbage
when first put on,
tends to retard the
fire, owing to the
water in the gar-
bage until its
evaporation i s
complete. In con-
sequence this s3's-
tem is slow, ex-
pensive, and inad-
equate to the con-
ditions existing
in large cities. It
is the universal
experience, r e -
gardless of all
cit3' ordinances to
the contrarv, that
garbage, h o u s e
sweepings,, coal
ashes, tin cans,
old shoes, and all
the usual debris
of the household,
are deposited in the box. barrel or other receptacle
provided for that purpose, and inextricabU' mixed
together : garbage proper being about 20 per cent
of the entire mass, and if cremated at all. it must be
in this condition. Here the practical difficulties to
be overcome begin. The mass contains a large per-
centage of water which must be evaporated before
cremation is practical ; and a more serious obstacle
is found in the coal ashes, which form the main
bulk of the mass, as the large per cent of water
and carbonacious fumes arising from these fill all
the interstices of the ashes and eifectualU' shut out
the oxj'gen necessarj' to combustion. A sj’stem of
cremation that will take this material, as it comes

from the garbage cart, and rapidH' reduce it to
ashes, without offensive odors, iti an^' desired quan-
titv and with due econom}-, is what our municipal
authorities have been waiting for. Where the ma-
terial, that for cleanliness and health should be
burned, accumulates at the rate of two to five thou-
sand cupic 3’ards each da\’, heroic methods are re-
quired, on a scale bej’ond the capacity' of an^' grate
bar furnace sj'stem.

Anderson's theory is that d/y garbage burns bet-
ter than (I'ct. He eliminates the water on the ap-
proach of the material towards the fire, thus dr^fing
and preparing it for further progress : meantime he
utilizes the carbonacious gases and the hj'drogen of

the water evaporated, as fuel. b_v causing the ma-
terial to first encounter, upon entering the tunnel,
(which will be described later) a low heat, which in-
creases as it slowh' progresses, until reaching th.e
centre of the tunnel, it encounters a temperature of
intense heat, created and concentrated at this im-
pinging point, b_v these conditions : The water at
first stored up in the mass of garbage has been
evaporated and drawn forward to the centre of the
tunnel where in the high heat it is decomposed, and
resolved into its component gases of hydrogen and
oxj'gen, and there being supplied with excessive
oxj'gen thrown in at that point, burns with intense
heat, the conditions producing a flame precise!}’ the

same as the com])ound blow pipe, and a .-.mall quan-
tity' of crude petroleum with a large vr>lume of com-
pressed air being added as the moving mass (jf gar-
bage encounters this blast of llame. it melts awav
before it like snow under a hot south wind.

The recent experiments made at Chicago to dem-
onstrate the value of this theory were carried on in
a tunnel kiln of his invention, wliich has been
used for the past five y'ears in the burning of pressed
brick. The necessary changes were made in its
construction to adapt it to the demonstration and
with other temporary appliances supplied for the
occasion. The experiment was conducted for sev-
eral days in the presence of many visitors, with

such complete suc-
cess that over 00
per cent of the
entire mass was
t< daily c<msumed.
all that remained
being reduced to
fine ashes.

This tunnel,
whicli it will be
borne in m i n d .
was not Construc-
ted for the ]nir-
pose and only
used on this occa-
sion to domon-
strate the main
features o f yir.
Anderson's plan
for c r e m a t i n g
garbage, d e v e 1 -
oped an unexpect-
ed speed of over
seventy cul)ic
y-ards per hour,
and even that
could have been
largely increased
yvith facilities for
moving tlie cars
yvith g-reater ra-
pidity. Ander-
.'On's theory- yvas
fouiul to be cor-
rect and the prob-
lem of cremation
on a large scale, yvithout offensive odors, rapidly'
and economically', yy-as solved by' his genius.

Complete illustration of details (.)f constrution
is not given at this time, or a technical descrip-
tion thereof ; but the accompany'ing engray-ing's
taken from photog’raphs of portions of the tunnel
yvhere the experiments yvere carried on. together
yvith the description of operating, yvill give the
reader a g’ood idea of the system, yvhich consists
first of a d(yuble tunnel 285 feet in length, yvith
heavy yvalls of brick masonarv and a center yvall
extending- leng-thyvise from top to bottom, thus form-
ing’ the double tunnel or passag-e yvays. The top is
{Continued on page ps).

.yXDERSON GARK.yCE CREMATION.

8. Side vieyv of a section of the tunnel. 10. Pipes for crude petroleum.

9. Pipes for compressed air. 11. Operatinpr the "air poker."

82

THE INVENTIVE AQE

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INVENTIVE AGE PUBLISHING CO.,

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The Inventive Age is sent, postag-e prepaid, lo any address
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Correspondence with inventors, mechanics, manufacturers,
scientists and others is invited. The columns of this journal are
open for the discussion of such subjects as are of greneral interest
to its readers.

Technical matter is particularly desired. We want practical
information from pr.actical men.

Nothing* will be published in the editorial columns for pay.

The Inventive Age is thoroug’lily independent, and has no
alliance with an.v patent attorney or patent bureau. It is the
friend of the inventor and the American manufacturer.

Advertising rates made known on application. Special facil-
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Address all communications to The Inventive Age, Wash-
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E7itey€d at the Post office in WafiJiingtoii as secoi/if- c/ass matter.

WASHINGTON, 1), C., MAY, 1894.

Chicago is not the only city tliat is strug-g-liny
with the seweraye protilein. The citj' of Mexico is
buildiny a 36-niile canal and a 6-inile tunnel.

Thk extraordinarj’ demand for copies of the Ajiril
number of the Invkntivi; Age made the printiny of
a second edition necessary, and it is confidently ex-
pected that th.e ISIay number will reach 30,000 read-
ers, in the United States and Europe.

The Congress of the United States is procrasti-
nating in the matter of the Nicaragua canal. (Gov-
ernmental action on this important project sln)uld
not be delayed. In the improvement cif water-ways
this government is far behind other nations and the
com])lete control of so stragetic an enterprise, as is
the proposed Nicaragua canal, is most urgent.

Thi; contract for the ])rinting of the Official Ga.
zctfc of the Patent Office and for ])hoto-lith<jgraph-
ing re<piired in connection therewith, expires June 3h.
Commissioner Seymour is now advertising for bids
for this work for the coming year, which bids will
be opened on the 7th inst., in the presence of bid-
ders. Unusual interest attaches to this matter be-
cause of the alleged irregularitj’ in the letting of the
contract last 3’ear and the congressional investiga-
tion now pending.

Duking the past month little or no headway has
been made with the Nicaragua canal bill in Con-
gress. Additional interest in water transportation
everj'where is manifest, however, and Mr. Van
Voorhis, of Ohio, has introduced a bill authorizing
surveys and final estimates of costs to be made of
the C(mstruction of a ship canal from Lake Erie to
the Ohio river b)' wa3' of the Ohio canal and Musk-
ingum river. The canal is to be of sufficient capaci-
ty to trans])ort the tonnage of the lakes to the (Jhio
river.

The great strike inaugurated at noon on the 21st
ult., hy the coal miners all over the United States,
was the result of a resolution passed at a meeting' of
the National Miners' Convention held in Columbus,
(fhio, on the Kith ult., declaring that the wage scale
and conditions ado]jted one j'ear ago — the 7h cent
per ton basis — should be restored. This meant an
increase of from 20 to 25 per cent in wages. It is
estimated that 120,000 coal miners in Pennsylvania,
Ohio, New York, Indiana, Kentucky, Illinois and
other States went out on a strike on the 21st ult.

While the citizens of Washington are congratu-
lating .themselves on securing, through congress-
ional aid, SI gas, still there would seem to be but
little cause for rejoicing in the face of the fact that
it can and ought to be furnished at a less rate. The
cit}' authorities of Chicago have made an extensive
investigation of the gas question, and find that gas

can be made and delivered to the citizens of that
citj- for 80 cents, and cover into the citj- treasur5'
52,000.000 a j-ear in the transaction. It is a fact,
easily demonstrated, that the people in most of the
cities are paj'ing from 25 to 50 per cent too much
for gas.

The recent decision of Judge Caldwell, in the
Union Pacific case, establishes the fact that an agree-
ment entered into between a corporation and cer-
tain of its emploj'es is binding on the receivers of
the corporation and must be lived up to. The ques-
tion of the right of organized labor to strike, or
through an organized movement prevent a railroad
compaipy from performing its usual functions, was
not the cpiestion involved. Judge Caldwell did not,
as in the Jenkins decision, have to touch upon the
conspiracy side of strikes. It was mereU' a question
of whether or not an agreement made between a
railroad corporation an its emploj'es shall be recog-
nized by the receivers.

In presenting their petition against the proposed
substitution of ad valorem dutj' for s]’)ecific dutj’ on
lithographed work coming into this countrj' from
abroad, as proposed in the Wilson bill, the National
Organization of Litliogrraphers gave startling com-
])arisons of wages paid skilled artists in this
line in this countrv' and in Germanv'. It is stated
that artists in crav'on in Germany receive 59
jier week, and work fift3'-four hours, while those in
the ITnited States receive $28, and work fort3'-seven
hours. Transferers in this countr3' receive $25
against $8 in German3', and all down through the
list the difference in wages is equalL’ as marked.
It is argued with much force, therefore, that any
considerable cut in the tariff must result in lower
wag^es to lithographers.

The Electrical World looks with suspicion on the
circumstances attending the granting' of the recent
canal electric franchise in New York State and ex-
presses the opinion that the scheme not onl3’ con-
templates the possession of a valuable franchise on
the part of such eminent patriots as Governor
Flower, Thos. C. Platt and others, but will likely re-
sult in the crushing out of smaller legitimate elec-
trical interests now established along the route of
the Erie canal. The world of progress is strewn
with wrecks. The inexorable rule of the “sur-
vival of the fittest” will ajjply in this as in in-
stances of competition in other lines. If 133' the use
of the falls of Niagara the Cataract General Elec-
tric Comiiain’ is enabled to furnish electricity for
power and light cheaper than the local s3'stems along
the line of the Erie canal are now suppl3'ing it, then
the inevitable — the crushing out of the smaller en-
terprises— must follow. Unless the fanchise granted
amounts to a monopoly in which the interests and'
welfare of the ])eople are disregarded there can be
no rational objection to it.

Qualification of Patent Attorneys.

The recommendation of the Commissioner of Pat-
ents favoring legislation requiring a higher stand-
ard of qualification in those desiring' to practice be-
fore the Patent Office, and the further sugg'estion
that onl3' those attorne3's be admitted as members
of the Patent Office bar as are entitled to practice in
the federal courts of the United States, has created
a g'eneral discussion that can but result in good to
the inventor. The recommendation of the Commis-
sioner has been construed to mean that he would ad-
mit as members of the projiosed Patent (Jffice bar
onh' regular practitioners at common law. While
it ma3' be admitted that some scheme looking to im-
provement in character and abilit3' of those permit-
ted to prepare pajiers and appear in cases before the
Patent (dffice is desirable, still there are sufficient
reasons wh3’ the inventor's interest will not be pr(j-
mulgated by confining the membership of the Pat-
ent (Jffice bar to attorne3's.

The niajorit3’' of the best patent attorne3's at pres-
ent are not law3'ers. The3’ are engineers or scientists.
The3’ have exhausted their time in studying mathe-
matics, chemistr3', ph3'sics, mechanics, electricity,
sound, light, heat, the steam engine, etc., etc., and

use this knowledge daily in drawing up papers and
arguing cases before the Patent Office. Ninet3' per
cent more technolog3' than law is required in suc-
cessful patent practice. Knowledge of law in nine-
tenths of the patent cases is required principall3" in
looking up decisions. To impose the jiroposed re-
quirements would exclude from practice before the
Patent Office the V'er3' best patent attorne3NS.

It might be well to require of patent solicitors that
the3' shall have graduated from some technical school
or scientific college, or else shall have an examina-
tion on technical knowledge. To raise the standard
to the highest order of merit all law3'ers ignorant
of pln'sical science and mechanics should be ex-
cluded from the proposed bar. if an3' now practicing
are to be excluded. It is a well known fact, although
inventors are not generally aware of it, that law-
3’ers are constantU' engaging technical men to pre-
pare specifications and argue their cases before the
Examiner, because the3' realize that such persons
can write and argue about mechanical, electrical,
chemical and scientific inventions better than those
learned in the law onh'. The simple fact that one
has been admitted to the bar does not, by any means,
qualify him as a patent attorney. The experience
of patent attorne3's has been that 3'oung engineers,
scientists and students of mechanical engineering,
are much more useful as assistants in their offices
than mere law students.

The wise inventor who wants a good patent will
satisf3' himself regarding the qualification of his
attorne3' before he entrusts his case to his care. The
idea of a Patent bar is a good one, provided the mem-
bership thereof is a guarant3' of the abilit3' and in-
tegrity of the attorne3’. The inventor, usuall3’ a
.stranger to his attorney, is entitled to this protection.

The nidwintei* Fair.

Situated on grounds naturalh' picturesque the lo-
cation of the Midwinter Fair in San Francisco did
not necessitate the exercise of the skill of the land-
scape artist to that degree required in the formation
of that sublime picture — the great Columbian Ex-
position in Chicago. Remarkable activit3' and pluck
were required however, to plan, build and push to
completion, so vast an undertaking, following on
the heels of the World’s Fair. Notwithstanding the
universal business depression the energetic citizens
of the Pacific coast metropolis have made a success
out of the enterprise. The architectural beaut3'
of some of the buildings and the artistic grouping
of the same has caused much favorable comment.
An illustration of tlie main portion of the Manufac-
tures and Liberal Arts Building, through the cour-
tes3’ National Builder, is given herewith. The

st3'le of architecture is Moorish and the architect
was Mr. A. Page Brown. The building measures
225x462, with an annex 60x370. Thirty-eight nations
joined in the exhibition under the roof of this struc-
ture giving the Fair a truly international character.

The Daniels Battery.

In the Inventive Age for March appeared an item
in relation to a new electric light batter3' invented
b3' C. F. Daniels of Macon, Ga. A Chicago skeptic
called the attention of the Age to what he consid-
ered unreasonable and improbable claims of novelty
and superiorit3'. To these criticisms Mr. Daniels
replies as follows :

Macon. Ga.. April 12, 1.S94.
Editor ''''Inz'cuti'i'c AgeP Washingtou., D. C.

Dear Sir : We are at work on a battery to be used for power
and traction pnrpo.ses, which used witli our motor, g'ives the
best results. Onr battery is not on exhibition, nor has it been.
We showed the lig'htirifr power of the batter3’ to some friends,
some weeks a^o. We liad onl_v a limited number of incandes-
cent lamps, and ni_v brother attached a couple of half inch
lij^ht carbons, and made a jrood ligrht with these held in his bare
hands. Afterwards the children pla.yed with them, one each
lioldiiijr a carbon ; the onU* caution ffiven them was, not to
touch the liyht ends of the carbons, and jret burned. We
hold to all we have said about the battei^v. If the g'entleman
in ([uestion will come down we can show him the working's of
the batter.v. The writer of this has seen a grreat maiyv new
thing's in electricil.v since he built his first dy namo, in 1866.

Now. he will perhaps want proof of this assertion. On Ma3’
0, 1866, my aftorne3' tiled an apiilication for caveat for an at-
mospheric engine, f)f which I have copy of the drawings, in
which the bed of the engine was made into the magnets of the
d3'namo; the bobbins were jilaced on the peripher3' of the driv-
ing wheel, to be used in making sparks to explode the mixture
in the C3'linder. At the same time I sliowed a d3'nanio of simi-
lar make, for lighting purposes, to Prof. Joseph Henr3', of the
Smithsoniaiilnstitution, who was very enthusiastic over it. The
point taken was that the iron electro magnet would hold enough
magnetism to recharge the machine.

Hoping this explanation will answer the gentleman's asser-
tions, and show him lam not quite a novice in m3’ work, I remain

Yours ver3’ respectfull3G
C. F. Daniels.

THE lEVEXTIVE

NOTES AND NEWS.

(Jolcl Hi'ariii”' Cai'iM't. -The woolen carpet
which has covered the coiners’ room in the San Fran-
cisco mint for several years was recentlj' cremated.
Bv retininy the ashes the (xovernment recovered 279
ounces of yold, worth SS.oOi),

Priinatit t‘ (ias ^lakiiiy. It is said that as earlv
as 1660 Dr. Clayton distilled coal in a retort and
produced g'as, which he confined in Idadders, and
was accustomed to amuse his friends by burning;
this g'as as it issued from holes in the bladder
pricked with a pin. This was 150 years before g'as
lamps.

F‘rofits ill Heet Sii<i'ar. — In the arid and sub-arid
regions of the IVest attention is now being' turned
to sug'ar beet raising the .success of which seems to
have been quite g-enerallv substantiated. The AVat-
sonville. Cal., beet sugar factor^', savs 1 rrioafio/i
Age, has just closed its annual run. having' reduced

tral. which was at the World's Fair with the Colum-
bia. The engineer of the Columbia says she can
run from Philadelphia to Canton, a distance of
ninetv-one miles, in ninety minutes. She has run
oil. now and then, a mile in forty seconds. '1 he
Baltimore Ot Ohio’s best record is thirty-three miles
in thirtj'-five minutes, between Baltimore and AVash-
ing'ton.

.’i .'A if. •

X<*\v Xaval 3Iilitia Flag. The Secretary of the
Xavv has apprcn’ed a design of a special flag for the
naval militia. It has a field of blue, in the center of
which is a division of yellow showing a blue anchor.
This flag' will be displaj'ed on all warships engaged
in naval militia drill and will be used by the militia
of the various states.

X'l'tv Apiilii-atioii of Klei tiacity. — A new cure
for frost bite has been discovered by Dr. Helbing.
who has been successful in Germany in twenty cases,
in healing' people of the frozen nose. The treat-
ment consisted in ap])lying' electrodes to the opposite
sides of th.e nose, and passing' a moderately strong
current for five or ten minutes, moving the elec-

year of .'ila days, at lo hour.' ]j'. r'hi\. .r p-. i-

liourly horse poiver Ijcing' I'l' ■-■■. nt - f ,r -’- .or.
against '2.1 of a cent for tlu- water - i'. i \'. n -.tti.-
hig'hest ])rice. This would be :m ino...- : -• ;

tage 'if the ])ower wer<- used all tlu Cme. vhii.l, '
rarely the case. The fact th.'i.t the v.,.u r . i,-

used 24 hours a day would not !')e of mu. f; ;■ r \ .; u ’
to a man who never runs over 12. Tlu ligure- - .

however, a large percentage in f.'ivor ..l tlu-
when computed on the yearly rate, /’.e, .

Diiniiiig Het’iisi' to < loimral c Elccl I'ici t \ .

There are now fifty-five town.-, and cities in Fng'l.'uu
which destroy their g'arbag'O and solid refuse b;,
burning, and 570 furnaces are em])loyed f. .r th i.- pur-
pose. This combustion is used for generu.^iiig ste-.m
to lig'ht towns by electricity. :i.nd from tlu-.
success of the tests which have already been
made in this directi<.n. many cities are contempla*-
ing the reduction of munici]ial e.xpenses in this wa_\ .
Improved systems of burning' refu-.e are being pji'o-
posed. ;ind the latest of these, the Bivet method, h.is
been satisfactorily tested in Eng'land before a num-
ber of engineering' and city sanitary e.vpert'. The

.MANUFACTURES .-tXD LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING. MID-WINTER F.\IK.

65,400 tons of beets raised in Santa Cruz and Mon-
terey counties, for which was paid S5 ]3er ton. or

5327.000, to the producers. From this product was
obtained 7,800 tons of raw sugar, which, at jrhO per
ton, would g'ive to the factorv for the season’s run

8468.000.

Xew llainpsliire 3n<'ii. — Xew Hampshire pro-
duces n.ore mica than all the rest of the New Eng'-
land states tog'ether. Vermont produces small
quantities, but the cpialitj' is not as good and the
product is less clear than the Xew Hampshire pro-
duction. Maine has a few small deposits and IMass-
achusetts has here and there a bed, but none
approach Xew Hampshire in quantity and quality.

Two 3Iil(‘s a 3Iinut<‘. - The large locomotive.
Columbia, with seven-foot driving wheels, which is
being' tested on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, is
making' faster time than anv locomotive that ever
ran on the road, Baltimore Aint'rica)i. She

has been running between Baltimore and Philadel-
phia. and has made some spurts at the rate of nearh'
two miles a minute. This is the same as the famous
spurt of locomotive Xo. 999 of the Xew York Cen-

trodes about. The immediate resvilt is a reddening
of the tissues, which may last several days, after
which the skin and the flesh resume their normal
condition.

•if w w

The IJacillus of liheuinatiimn. -There is anew
bacteriological discovery- which must interest rheu-
matic humanity. M. Max Schuler is said to have
discovered, in the joints of persons attacked with
chronic articular rheumatism, bacteria, which are
always identical in like cases. These bacilli are
short and thick, having at each end bright grains
which aniline colors make still more evident. The
discoverer has been able to cultivate these bacteria
in bouillon, on g'elatin, or on a piece of ])otato.
Their culture reipiires a temperature of at least 25
deg., and darkness is indispensable. Anti-rheuma-
tism vaccination will be next in order in the ad-
vancement of medical science.

('lioiipiiess of Water Power. — Power is being
contracted for at Xiagara at from 88 to 820 per horse-
power per j'ear of 365 davs. counting 24 hours a day.
The average cost of steam power is said by the
United States Census to be $36 per horse-power per

averag'e cpiantity of rubbish ’ourned per hour on each
square foot of grate surface was 331 pounds, and
four separate tests made in the presence of indepen-
dent engineers, showed that 4'08 pounds of water
were evaporated per pound of rubl)ish consumed.
The refuse of the city of Eondon is estimated to pro-
duce by this process over 87.818 indicated luirse-
power. at a total cost of 8707.495, whereas the cost
with the best Eancashire boiler, burning coal and
evaporating' 10 pounds of water per pound of coal
would be 83.995,715.

Drodgo liiiilding. — A self propelling'
suction dredg'e has been completed for thg IMissis-
sippi River Commission by the Bucyrus Steam
Shovel A Dredg'e Company of South IMilwaukee.
V’is., that more than exceeds the requirements of
the g'overnmetit, which were that the practical ca-
pacity should not be less than 300 cub. yds. of solid
matter per hour, when discharging- over a bar or
bank not less than 10 ft. above the water .surface,
and with point of discharg'e not less than 300 ft. dis-
tant. The dredge had to be capable of working' ef-
fectively in stiff clay and sand, of cutting its own
wav throug'h a solid liank above water, of working'
in all depths down to 30 ft., of discharging' material
on either side to a distance of 1,000 ft., and over a

84

AOE.

bank 35 ft. elevation above bottom of cut, and of
admitting' easy and rapid handling in a narro-w chan-
nel in shoal water and in a rapid current. In the
test the rate of discharge of solid material was 636.4
cubic yards per hour. The dredge has been named
“ Ram” and is considered one of the greatest achieve-
ments in this line ever attained.

Largest I>ry Dock in tlie AVorld. — tVhat will
be the largest drj' dock in the world is now building
at Southampton. England. It is to be 800 feet long,
110 feet wide, and will have 27 feet of water over the
sill.

vr -jf -rr

The Flower Kingdom. — There are 173,706 spe-
cies of plants now known. Of these 105.231 are
flowering and 68,475 flowerless. In 1771 Einna;us,
tlie greatest authority then living, only knew 8,551
])lants of both kinds.

Oernian Zinc Industry. Tlie fact is not gen-
eralh’ known, perhajss, that more zinc is produced
in Germanj’ tfian in any other country in tlie world.
According to Kuhlow’s recent estimate, the annual
exportation amounts to some 28,000 tons.

Boiling Water for F. 8. Soldiers . — Orders liave
been issued by Gen. Schofield directing tlie boiling
of water intended for drinking purposes in the
arm}' in order to destro}' pathogenic bacteria and to
reduce the danger of disease from sucli cause.

X«‘w F(‘atm'e in I’ocd Tables. — K. W. Wyett, of
Australia, has invented an important attacliment
to the pool table, consisting of inclined roads or
tracks running lieneath each jiocket to the "spot”
end of the talile, in which, are conducted all lialls
that fall into the pockets.

X(‘W York’s 101e\att“d Hailwiiy.— The elevated
railroads of New York carried 221,000,1)01) jiasseng'ers
in 1803, an increase of 8, 000,000 over the year jire-
vious. The number of daily trains was 3,300 and
the emploves number 5,000. The engines used con-
sumed over 200.000 tons of anthracite coal.

!{• -X- •:<•

L«‘iis«“saml Frism fram Biissiaii Bock Salt.—

The Smithsonian Institution is having a set of
lenses and a large jirism made by Mr. llrashear from
a block of rock salt that was in the Russian mining
exhibit at Chicago. When finished they will form
the largest set ever constructed from such material.

B(“stri«'t<Ml I miiiigratioii. (Ocean steamshij)
lines report that the numfjer of immigrants l)ooked
by them this season is 60 ])er cent less than at this
time last year, and official figures show that the num-
ber entering- the port of New Y<jrk during the past
three months was 17,767 less than in the corres]jond-
ing- period of last year. Dull times and strictness
in enforcing' the immigration laws are credited with
this decline.

-X- * -x-

New Athmtic CiibUc— It is expected that the
new Atlantic cable, the third and larg'est of the
trans-Atlantic news carriers, will be completed by
June 15. The steamer “ Karadav” is now engag-ed
in reeling out the new cable from the coast of Ire-
l.'ind to Canso, Nova Scotia. ( )ne hundred miles on
the Irish coast and 40(1 miles out from Nova Scotia
will be run out first and then the 1.5(10 miles connect-
ing the two " buo3'ed up” ends will be run out.

jV N<'W Frc'iK'h Bifl<‘. — A Erench inventor has
perfected a mag-azine g-un which it is claimed sur-
passes all others in everv jiarticiilar. It is extremely
light, and can fire 100 cartridges without overheat-
ing the barrel. Its recoil is so slight that the sol-
dier is never troubled with it, and its 100 cartridg-es,
which are less than one-half the weight of the same
number of cartridges of any other rifle, can be tired
without taking the weapon from the shoulder. The
effects of its little bullets are said to be terrible.

^ 'X*

(lohicii llelics in ^lexico. — In one of the oldest
ruins in the state of Oaxaca. Mexico, a number of
vei'}' rare and interesting- images, found in metal,
have been uncovered. The images represent people
of oriental appearance and dress, as well as priests
in their robes of sacrifice. They bear hierog-lyphics
of unknown characters and are elaborate!}' wroug-ht,
with fine art lines shown in every curve. The ima-
ges found thus far are of g''old, either wholly or in
part, and are coated with some unknown enamel,
which has preserved them from all harm in the many
years they have been buried in the soil. The find is

the most important of the year in the domain of an-
tiquities.

Deciiiial Ylarks. — The English style of writing
decimals, (inverted period, thus 0'25), the outgrowth
of a suggestion from Sir Isaac Newton, is now be-
coming popular in all the leading countries. As a
distinguishing'- mark from the full stop putictuation
dud from its use in pointing off dollars and cents,
(S2.25) the inverted system for decimals is certainly
more simple and comprehensive than the F rench and
German style, (comma, thus 0,25) and that of the
United Sta-fes (0.25). The United States g-overnment
printing- office has adopted the English system.

No F<‘ai‘ Iroiii Bold Fxpoi't.s. — The resumption
of gold exports on a considerable scale is not the dan-
ger signal as which such exports were regarded a
year ag-o. The meaning of the present outflow of the
the yellow metal is simply that at present rates of ex-
chang-e, and with the large accumulations of money
held by the banks, there is a narrow marg-in of profit
in shipping- gfold rather than in buying- bills. With a
fall of half a cent or so in exchang'-e the shipments
will cease. With trade on the sounder basis which
we are rapidly approachng. there is nothing to fear.
— Engineering and i/ining Journal.

An Alloy AVliivli Adliores to Dliis.s. — M. F.

Walter has found that an alloy consisting of ninety-
five ])arts cif tin and five parts of copper adheres so
tenaciously to glass that it may be employed as a
solder t(.) join the ends of g-lasstubes. Itis obtained
by adding- the copper to the tin previously melted,
agitating with a wooden stirrer, casting or granula-
ting-, and then remelting. It melts at ab'.uit 360 deg.
C. By adding from a half to one per cent of lead
or zinc, the alloy may be rendered either softer or
harder, or more or less easily fusidle. It may also
be used for silvering- metals or metallic thread. —
Revue Scientijique.

['''irst L(MM>in(>ti\ in JIliiiiK*. — The first locomo-
tive used in the State of Maine, away back in 1836,
is shown in a recent number of Cassier’s Magazine.
The eng'ine, as there described, came from England,
having- l)een built at the works <.)f Robert Stephen-
son A Co., in the year 1835, and made its first trip
over Bangor. ( ddtown A Milford Railroad on Aug.
19, 1837. Tills road was then g-enerally known as the
" Veazie road.” and the track was made of wooden
rails, strapped with iron. The shackles used to con-
nect the engine and cars were made of three thick-
nesses of sole or belt leather, held tog'ether liy cojiper
rivets, and had a hole in each end so as to hook over
an u]irig-ht stationary ])in, bolted or driven into a
rig-id beam extending from the end of the car,

Li\ ('ipool’s Om'iIuuuI Flrctric llailway. —

The rejiort of the Liverpool overhead railway is
very interesting to railway engineers and street
railway managers everywhere. According to the
fig-iires ju'esented the actual average consunqition of
coal on tliis railway is about l(i jiounds ])er train
mile fur trains of about 38 tons weight with seating
ca])acity for 114 passeng-ers, running- at an averag-e
speed, including- stops at stations, of about 12 miles
per hour: whereas the averag-e on New York ele-
avated railway is, as far as can be ascertained, 54
lioiinds of Coal per train mile for trains of about 92
tons weight, including locomotives weig-hing'- 23 tons,
running at an average speed of about 12 miles an
h(.)ur including st<.ips at stations. These figures are
signifficant, and when the difl'ering circumstances
are taken into consider.'ition, it would seem that from
the standpoint of economy ahjne, the elevated elec-
tric railway is in a ])osition t(j successfully comjjete
with steam railways,

"l’li<“ of FiiriiiUU'S. — It is well un-

derstood that the g-ases of combustion from a boiler
furnace carry a tenqjerature in the smoke flue of
frr)ni 3,50 to 500 deg-rees, and that ordinarily all this
heat goes to waste up the chimney — that is, this
waste heat and the exhaust steam blowing- into the
air combined, carry off 75 ])er cent of the thermal
value of the fuel, which is lost in an ordinary steam
plant. But. by bringing these two sources of waste
together, and utilizing the previously wasted heat
of the flue for im])arting 100 deg-rees or more of
added temjjerature to the previously wasted exhaust
steam, and bring-ing- the latter thus reheated and re-
evaporated into active and efficient service for heat-
ing purposes, a larg-e percentage of the lost energ-y
of the -fuel is recovered and brought into use. In
the various manufacturing processes requiring heat,
such as boiling-, dyeing, drying-, etc., for which ex-
haust steam in its normal condition is unavailable
because it is not hot enough, and for which live
steam is used, exhaust steam, reheated or low pres-
sure live steam superheated by means of a “ re-
heater,” will accomplish all this service — heretofore

performed with high-pressure live steam — and in a
more satisfactory manner, owing to its thorough
vaporization and dryness. This is one of the prac-
tical triumphs of modern engineering. — Tradesman.
* # *

A Noav Fuel. — The United States Consul at
Havre gives Maestracci’s method of manufacturing
petroleum bricks for fuel as follows : Mix one liter
of petroleum, 150 grams triturated soap, 10 per cent
of resin, and 333 grams of caustic soda. Heat this
mixture, being- careful to stir it well meantime,
until solidification commences — say about forty
minutes. If the mixture should tend to boil
over, pour in a few more drops of the soda, and con-
tinue to stir until solidification has sufficiently pro-
gressed, then pour the semi-fluid material into molds
to form the bricks, and place these in a hot room or
drying- place for ten or fifteen minutes : then remove
them and let them cool. In a few hours they can be
used as fuel. To the three elements which consti-
tute the mixture, Mr. Maestracci recommends the
addition of 20 per cent of sawdust, and 20 per cent
of clay or sand, which makes the bricks more solid
and less expensive. Trials of these bricks as fuel
have been made at Marseilles on several tugs, and
it lias been found that, weight for weight, they de-
velop three times as much heat as the ordinary coal
brick, and leave no ashes.

Total Ookl Froduotioii. — Director Preston, of
the Mint Bureau has completed his final figures on
the gold production of tlie United States during the
calendar year 1893. The total product is given as 1,-
739,081 ounces, valued at $35,950,000, which is an in-
crease for the year of 73,455 ounces, represent-
ing- $1,518,423. The following- shows the produc-
tion in fine ounces for the calendar year 1893 by
states, with the increase or decrease as compared
with the year 1892. The value of the g-old in any
case may be found by multiplying- the number of
ounces by 20,67 : Alaska, 48. 863 ; decrease, 3,403.
Arizona, 57, 28() ; increase, 321. California, 584,370 ;
decrease, 23,796. Colorado, 364,022; increase, 96,072.
Georgia, 4,702; increase, 119. Idaho, 79,669; de-
recase, 3,602. Michig-an. 2.032 : decrease, 354. Mon-
tana. 172,941 : decrease, 29,433. Nevada, 46,337 ;
decrease, 29,654. New Mexico. 44,171 ; decrease, 2,-
229. North Carolina, 2.593 ; decrease, 1,2))7. (Oregon,
79,543: increase, 7,378. South Carolina, 5.998 ; in-
crease, 30. South Dak(jta, 193,761 ; increase, 3,043.
Utali, 41,293 ; increase, 9,357. lYashington, 10.744 ;
decrease, 7,327. All other states 72().

These fig'ures are about $1,000, 000 less than the ag-
g-reg-ate values reported by the agents of the Mint
Ilureau. for the reason that the bureau officers have
been unable to trace the full amount reported to the
refineries and mints. The director states that his
estimates are certainly not in excess of the actual
production.

Outrage to the Memory of Prof. Tyndall.

Ho 11 ry (Toobcl. the alloirod i inoii lor of the electric in can descent
lamp, and Prof. John Ty ndall. the L'reat English scientist, have
passed away •-iiiceour last i'-sue. Tlu*y were boili roiovjiicd for
their srirRti/ir attainmentSy ami t'.<:periallv for rescarflu'.'i in the fieJd
of ina£^nrt i.'^in and clrctriritv. i*rof. TN iidall's i iT\'o,sti"‘alions were
not coiilined to any ^larticiilar branch of physics, bill he spent
the part of his best years in the domain of electricity

and ma.L'’netism.

The above from T)i)v In\'KXTIVK Agk, of Febru-
ary, outrag-es the memory of Pr(jf. Tyndall by
coupling it on ecpial terms with that of a man whose
only renotcn is that he set up a claim at a late day
to having- invented the incandescent lamp, a claim
never proven, but which is surrounded with every
trace of suspicion and fraud. Henry Goebel’s name
otilv came into ju'ominence in the desperation of
defense in a ])atent suit, and he was not before
knf)wn for a sing-le research or even for the posses-
sion of a fair amount of information in the " field of
magnetism and electricity.” He was only to the in-
cadescent lamp what Drawbaugh was to tlie tele-
phone. The name and fame of Bell and Edison
have not lost lustre by such "shadows,” but gain as
the lights in a jiicture do by the presence of shadows.
Hardly could a greater contrast of men and works
have been found than Tyndall vs. Goebel.

Ei-ihu Thomson.

The Telsemene. — Tliis is Die name jriveii to a rioTel invention
now in use in many of Die l.arn-er hotels of the country. It is
simply an improvement on tlie "call be)T' S3'Stem, wliereb^' tlie
irnest. b\' simple " pushing the button," records on tlie annun-
ciator below his want,s in detail. Tlie contrivance consists of
a dial-faced indicator with a pointer on a pivot in the center like
the minute hand of a clock. All around the rim of the dial is
printed the names of the articles or the information a guest
would be likelv to require. Thus if he wants a doctor, a laun-
dry list, a morni ng- paper, a cockt.ail.a gin fizz, a telegraph blank,
a cab, a barber, bootblack, railroad guide, etc., — if he wants to
know the time of dai’, condition of the weather, a theatre pro-
gram, and 100 other things, all he has to do is to turn the pointer*
to the article or information wanted and "press the button.”
The annunciator below records the want and such as cannot be
answered by an ingenousl^' arranged return call sj'stem are at-
tended to by the bell bovs. The instrument is the invention of
Mr. r. H. Herzog, of New York.

XI-IK INVENTIVK AOE.

$18,956,556,675 represented real estate and iin])rove-
nients, and $6,516,616,743 personal property, classi-
iied as follows ; Real estate, with iniprovenients
thereon, $39,544,544,333 ; live stock on farms and
ranges, farm implements and machinery, $2,703,-
015,040; mines and quarries including' product on
hand, $1,291,291,579 ; g'old and silver coin and hull-
ion, $1,158,774,948 ; machiner3’' of mills and product
on hand, raw and manufactured, $3,058,593,441 ; rail-
roads and e<[uipments, including' $283,898,519 street
railroads, $8,685,407,323 ; telegraphs, telephones,
shipping and canals, $701,755,712 ; miscellaneous,
$7,893,708,821. Total number of farms enumerated
in 1890 was 4,564,641. as compared with 4,008,907 in
1880, an increase of 555,734. The total area of land
in these farms was 623,218,619 acres, of whicli 357,-
616,755 acres were improved. In 1880 there were
536,081,835 acres in farms, 284,771.042 acres of which
were improved. Therefore, there was an increase
of 87,136,784 acres of the total land in farms, and
72,845,713 acres improved. The percentage of the
total hind surface in farms in 1890 was 32.79, as

this line. In this building is also the home of the
liU'ctncal ll’or/(/. a hig'h class technical journal in
the electrical field. The building' has a frontage of
7o feet on Ilroadivaj- and 156 on Murrai' street, witli
an L< of 30 by 5o feet at the rear. The building is four-
teen stories hig'h. The frame is of steel and the
walls are of Indiana limestone to the fifth story,
g'fav Inick being'' used altove this. The interior is
handsomely finished throughout, the w<;odwork
being birch. The building is entirely fire-proof and
fitted with all modern electric and pneumatic aiqili-
ances. The JClccfrical World occuines' the entire
front of the third storj'.

On Interesting Capitalists.

In reply to an inventor who had produced a tyjje-
writer which he claimed as one of its greatest ad-
vantag''es that it would facilitate composition among
j)oets and literaiw' men who were used to the pen, I
was constrained to write as follows :

" While fulU' appreciating all that 3-011 say as to
the poetico-mechanical possibilities of the inyention.
I beg' to sa3' that it would be a waste of time to aji-
proach the average capitalist on those
lines. What would fetch liim might be
such a statement as this :

‘ In this gripsack is a new t3'])ewriter.
Its work is in sig'ht. It is smaller,
lighter, more rapid, more durable and
cheaper than any other, and if I leave
it with 3-0U half an hour yoti can in
that time learn to use it ra])idly and
turn out business letters better than
with a pen. and will want to kee]) un-
sample. I wish to arrang-efor its manu-
facture and introduction on a larg-e
scale all over the world. Do 3-ou want
to see it with a view to putting- money
into it if it does all that I say it does
and all that 3-0U think it should do ?'

If 3-0U were to tell him as 3-011 tell
me, that 3-0U had been forty years pro-
ducing it. he would jierhaps think that
it would take another forty 3-ears to
complete or improve it and would not
touch it. If 3'ou were to say that 3-011
had long- ag-o refused to exhibit or sell
it he would, perhaps, say- that you were
impracticable, and would think 3-ou
would probabD- kick over the traces if
a deal was made with 3-011. or he mig'-ht
think that 3-0U had in that time inven-
ted a dozen machines and would doubt-
less offer the best ones elsewhere after
unloading the poorest ones on him.

Success with such men will lie in the
belief and practice of the idea that a
straight line is the shortest distance
between two points. Alwa3-s go at
them without' prelude : never ])roduce
after claps : alwa3-s gf-ive a ]ironipt
straight answer to a direct question,
instead of being offended if anything
is doubted or not understood. In the
belief and practice that a 3-ard has in
it just thirt3--six inches at all times,
and that knaves give less and fools
give more 3'ou can obtain their atten-
tion and re-tain their confidence.

The averag-e business man or cajii-
talist has usually learned 113- experience
how to pick out g-ood things and avoid
poor ones and risk3- bargains. Half
the time he has lost much more than
he has saved. You must assume tliat
he will meet 3-ou onU- on such lines
as will show him where he can sjiend
ten and reap one hundred or one thou-
sand.”

NEW POSTAE TELEGRAPH BUILDING, NEW YORK.

An Ancient Indian Quarry.

About two miles from Clifton station on the Vir-
ginia Midland road and twent3' miles from Wash-
ington, has been discovered an ancient quarr3-. It
was first broug-ht to the attention of Washing'--
ton scientists by Miss Hetzell, of Clifton, and
placed at the disposal of the Smithsonion Institution
the past winter by the Hunter brothers, to whom
the treasure belongs. The work of opening- this
quarry was assigned to Mr. Wm. H. Holmes, of the
Bureau of Kthnolog3-, and his assistant, Mr. Din-
widdie, commenced operations a few weeks ago.
The result is .the best exposure of aboriginal work-
manship and eng-ineering- ever made in the world.
After testing- several pits, where the ancient work-
men had g-one down, IMr. Dinwiddle was so fortu-
nate as to discover the very- center of their opera-
tions. He followed them stej) b3- step down to the
very- last stroke they- made before abandoning the
site. This trench is a trifle short of a hundred feet
long-, fort3' feet yy-ide and tyyent3- feet deep at its
head. It is to be understood that Mr. Dinwiddie's
yy-ork is mereh- the re-opening- of the yvork done 1)3-
Poyyhatans, or an older people, centuries ago. It is
true that the agent of the Bureau of Ethnolog'3- yvent
to Clifton on the Southern Express train, that he
yy-as hauled four miles oy-er a made road in a spring-
y-ehicle drawn by tyvo horses yvhose ancestors yvere
imported from Europe, that he used yvheelbarrows
and steel axes, picks and shovels and an excellent
camera. But, after all this modern engineering his
yvay- yvas through soft dirt yvhich had been rum-
mag'-ed beforehand by- say-ages. It is noyv to in-
quire hoyy the primitive quarr3-nien did their yvork.
First of all yye must dismiss the railroad train, the
horses, the yyagon and the yvheelbarroyv. There
ne\-er had been a yvheel and axle in America until
the white man introduced them. The Americans of
old yvalked, they ney-er rode oy-erland after the3-
escaped from their pappoose frames. Their beasts
of burden yvere human being's, especialh- yvomen,
and dogsfor sledg-'e and tray-ois and llamas for packs.
The most ancient quarry-men of the regrion about
Washington yy-alked out to Clifton and hauled ayy-a3-
the spoils on their back. This is the reason yvhy- in
those ancient day-s centres of exjiloitation yyere also
temporary- centres of manufacture. It yvas to say-e
freight and a long haul of useless material.

These primitiy-e quarry-men had stone axes for
steel axes, a stick of hard yvood charred in the Are
in the ])lace of a croyv bar. picks of antler instead of
steel, hoes made of the shoulder-blade of the deer,
baskets for wheelbarroyvs and hands for shoy-els.
The3' did not clean out the great trench one hundred
feet long into the hill as Mr. Dinyyiddie did, but
the3- commenced at the foot of the hill and dug- down
to the surface of the soapstone. With axes of quartz-
ite the3- hacked into the stone around a giy-en cir-
cle y-er3- much as the ice man chips into a block
of ice, or as a man digs up a stump b3- cutting- doyyn
and around it. The great block yvas then broken
loose yyith a maul of stone and heyvn doyy-n to the
shape of an oblong- y-eg-'etable dish yvith lugs. This
yvas done yvith adze and chisels hay-ing- hardchipjied
stone blades. As soon as a syyath of pots yvere cut
loose, the dirt and debris yvere throyvn behind, as the
terrier or the yvoodchuck operates, until the quarr3--
men exposed another g-ood surface. The projecting'-
and useless parts yy-ere cut off yvith the quartz axes,
broken loose yyith the stone sledg-es, a good smooth
yy-orking surface disclosed and another fresh supply-
of pot blocks cut loose. In doing this yvork the3-
studied the grain and lamina of the stone so as to
run as little risk as possible of losing a piece. Each
fresh ady-ance into the hill demanded harder labor,
but gay-e superior material. The useless serpentine
yvas yy-orked out and throyvn ayy'a3-.

I hay-e gone thus minuteH- into the Clifton quarr3-
because the opportunit3- rareU- offers of passing- by-
the modern ingenious appliances for accomplisliing'-
an end and all the methods of ciy-ilized men that
took thousands of 3-ears to iny-ent, until yy-e may- sit
doyvn yvith the y-er3- ffrst patentees in the business.

O. T. Mason.

America’s Wealth.

The total y-aluation of the real and personal prop-
erty at the close of the census period of 1890
amounted to $65,037,091,197. Of this amount $35,-
544,544,333 represents the value of real estate and
improvements, and $25,492,546,864 that of personal
propert3-, including railroads, mines and quarries.
The total assessed y-alue of real estate and personal
propert3- taxed yvas $25,473,173,418. Of this amount

compared yvith 28.20 in 1880. The y-alue of tliese
farm lands, including fences and buildings, yvas, in
1890, $13,279,252,649, and in 1880, $10,197,096,776. The
y-alue of farm implements and machiner3- in 1890
yvas $494,247,467, and in 1880, $406,520,055. The y-alue
of liy-e stock on hand June 1, 1890, yy-as $2,208,767,-
573. In June, 1880, it yy-as $1,500,384,707, shoyving-an
increase of 47.21 per cent since 1880. The y-alue of
farm products in 1889 yvas $2,460,107,454. The total
number of horses on farms and rang-es in 1890 yvas
15,258,783 ; syy-ine, 57,425,287 ; meat cattle, 57,648,792,
and sheep, 35,935,364. The total area dey-oted to
cotton production in 1889 yy-as 20,175,270 acres. The
area dey-oted to the cultiy-ation of cereals in 1889
yvas 140,217,545, acres, and the total production
3,518,816,904 bushels.

The New Postal Telegraph Building.

The mag-nificience of modern office building's is
equalled only- b3- their extreme heig'ht. made pos-
sible 1)3' the invention and discovery- of neyy- pro-
cesses for the manufacture of structural .steel and
fire-proof building material. The neyy- Postal Tele-
graph building in Neyv York is the latest triumph in

Rich Silver nines.

Prof. W. H. Parks, yvho has spent sey-eral months
at the famous sily-er mining camp of Creede. Colo-
rado, contributes an article to the Pennington Soni-
narv Peviezc, in yvhich he illustrates the richness
of some of the mines noyv being yvorked in that
camp. While man3- mines hay-e been obliged to shut
doyvn on account of the loyv price of sily-er, the large
mines are kept running oyving to their extraordinar3-
richness. It is stated that, in consequence of the re-
duction in freight rates, and in yvag-'es, the oyvners,
yy-ho are Denver capitalists, are making more money-
noyy- than ey-er before ; it is further asserted that the
ore could be yvorked, ey-en if sily-er should drop to 35
cts. an ounce.

“ Tips to Inventors.”

This is one of the most instructive and useful yvorks
for mechanics and inventors. Its author is Robert Griiu-
shaw, M. E., and the book, cloth bound, retails for SI.
The iNYENTl-yE Age for one j-ear and “Tips to Iny-entors”
yvill be sent to any address for §1.50.

86

THE IXVEKTIVE AOE

Recent Experiments in flechanical Flight.

Leaving out perpetual motion, there has been no
idea more delusive than mechanical flight. "Without
considering Daedalus, who was said to have flown
across the Aegean sea on artificial wings, or Elmerus,
who flew a short distance from the top of a tower in
the 1-lth century, and others who had the desire to fly
and the daring to try, before aerial knowledge was
at all widely desseniinated or well founded, the at-
tempts to nayigate the unstable atmospheres which
have been made in the last hundred years are aston-
ishingly nianj-, the majority- of them being utter

In the U. S. Patent Office more than a hundred
patents for flying machines, not one of which has
ever made a record as a flyer, or astonished anyone
but its inventor, because it would not fly, attest the
flightiness of an uncertain kind of g-enius. Air
travelers imitating birds, ships, fish, bicycles and
other things, with wheels, bands, rods, springs and
sails, are seen in this Department. But the onlj'
thing which suggests the possibility of sustained
flight is the inevitable balloon attachment.

The balloon, though imperfect as a traveller, has
made a reputation in which there is considerable
credit and evidence of future success, in spite of the
repeated failures of a number of air ships to fl^' at
all. and the difficulties of aerostation.

GENERAL VIEW (JF AERODROMIC SYSTEM.

failures, often ludicrous in tf.e complete lack of
jiractical science.

Sir (leorge Caley tried to sf)lvethe aerial problem,
and gave it u]5, saying that it was only necessary for
navigating the air to em])loya jiower greater in ])ro-
pcjrtion to its cause than the muscles of birds.

Marshal Xey. after spending S2(), 000 in construct-
ing his peronautic fish, a long fish-like balloon
which was intend-
ed to swin in the
air as a fish swims
i n w a t e r , b y
means of wings
worked by cranks
— engaged the at-
tention of scien-
tific Frenchmen
for a time as an
inventive genius.

But when his ma-
chine was tried,
his insufficient
k n o w 1 e d g e of
ae r o d y n a m i c s
was shown by a
spasm(.)dic eflort
of the aeronautic
fish, which ended
when the machine
turned over and
refused to fly.

Not withstand-
ing the fact that
there was nothing
practical satisfac-
torily established
in aerial naviga-
tion, a company
w a s formed i n
England in 1843,
called the Aerial
T r a n s i t Com-
panj’, which suc-
ceeded in huni-
bugging the

people into believeing that the fifteen-pounds-to-the-
square-inch air pressure and natural attraction
would no longer keep man from soaring aloft and
taking his goods to market bj’ a fast air line. The
House of Commons passed a bill for the company's
constitution, and John}’ Bull waited for a new
experiment. But it was another case of sic(k) tran-
sit, which passed away like all its air bubble prede-
cessors.

Coming down to more recent times, will be found
the crude idea concerning flying continually crop-
ping out in various expensive and useless inventions.

Of course the first consideration in ballooning is
that ()f weight which is t(j be floated in the air l)y
means of an envelope filled with gas lighter than air,
the envelope to be spindle shajied, so as to offer the
least horizontal resistance. After suspensi(m and
balance are obtained, ])ro])ulsive force from small
engines of great power, and effective steering gear,
are of chief imp<_irtance.

1...

18 feet in diameter, by engines of the lightest kind,
and guided by a small shifting screw rudder, situated
in the rear of and above the propellers, to be moved
from left to right. An equilibrium adjuster, such
as that used in “ La France,” could be used ; and air
compressed in tanks so as to be let out in ascending
and pumped in for descent, could be utilized for bal-
last.

A war balloon of these dimensions should carry
three or four men, a supply of explosive material
and two machine guns, and witli little trouble hover
over a ship going at the rate of SO miles an hour,
while dynamite and other destructive munitions
could be dropped down, to the vessel’s undoing.

The latest and most unique machine intended for

aerial navigation, is the
new experiment, called
Aerodrome,” (air-run-
ners), which is based
strictly on the ]irinciple
of mechanical 11 ight.

This radical departure
from the balloon theory
establishes only the
]) issibility of flight
without demonstrating
its ]U'acticability. The
aer(.)drome is construc-
ted upon the aero])lane
idea that suspension in
the air is dependent
upon the continuity of
lliglit wherein the
planes that support the
air-craft glide over th.e
air at an angle and by
the lifting resistance of
the atmosi)here cause
the aerodrome to keep
up as long as motion
lasts.

The soaring of the
eagle and buzzard at im-
mense heights and in an
atmosphere less cajiable
of floating heavy bodies
than that of lower alti-
tudes, presents an idea
which has at last been
taketi advantage of.

This invention is now being developed by Lieut.
(4. N. Chase. U. S. and H. W. Kirchner, F. A.
I. A., St. Louis, and is elaborate!}' described in a
comprehensive momjgraph entitled " The Coming
Railrciad ; The Chase-Kirchner Aerodromic System
of Transportation." in which the assistance and per-
sonal courtesy of Dr. John E. Davies, Professor of
Mathematical Physics in the University of Wiscon-

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DIAGRAM OF THE CARS OF THE AERODROMIC SA'STEM.

In speaking of the requirements of the dirigible
balloon of the future, especially useful in war, Capt.
J. I). Fullerton. R. E.. said in a lecture delivered in
London, that this balloon should be in shape a
trachoid of revolution. 240 feet long, 30 feet wicle in
its greatest diameter, with valves for letting out gas
arranged so as to be easily opened and shrit from the
car, and with jacket and netting light but strong, as
the stability of the balloon depends very much upon
it. The car for an envelo])e of this size siiould be
120 feet long, 6 feet in height and breadth, having
tapering ends. It should be driven with twin screws

son, and Prof. S. P. Langley, Secretary of the
Smithsonian Institution, is acknowledged. Prof.
Langley was the author of the recent government
work entitled ” Experiments in Aerodynamics.”

It is augured by the inventors that the great ex-
pense in running railroads is going up grades and
around curves. It is therefore proposed to abolish
all curves, and devise a series of passenger coaches
which are pointed at both ends so as to enable them
to cut the air. They have a double series of wheels
and tracks, so as to prevent them from going up
or down. The track is elevated and consists of two

THK INVENTIVE AOE

8

parallel trusses six feet in depth and about eleven
feet apart.

Cars will be of different leng-ths, from 40 to 100 feet,
and of sufficient cross-section to g^ive all of the usual
interior arrang-ements for comfort. They can also
be adapted to all classes of freight. All cars will

necessarily be inclosed and of a stream-line form,
since a body of such shape meets only with a
frictional resistance in jiassing- throng'll the air.
Cars for grain and coal will contain ho])per-shaped
bins, and will be unloaded from underneath. As
the cars are usually to be susjiended from the top,
the method of building must be
reversed. The sides and bottom
will consist (.)f light trussed
frame-work of steel, while the
top will be a strong- platform,
to the underside of which the
motors are attached. The
whole outside shell will be a
continuous surface, presenting'
no abrupt features. The cars
will be fire-])roof, heated and
lighted by electricity. T li e
windows will be immovable,
and ventilation will be throug-h
tubes with automatic valves.

To the toj) of the car and at
ecpial distances a])art are at-
tached sets or banks of aero-
planes (technically so called),
arrang-ed in form, "aspect'' and
position as suggested by experi-
ments which have been made.

The area of such surfaces will
vary, according to the load,
from 2.0(10 to 4.(100 stpiare feet.

These planes are hinged at their
rear edge to an immovable
standard perpendicular to the
top of the car, and at their front
edge to a movable standard by
linked levers. These front
standards can be elevated or
depressed, thus raising- or lower-
ing the front edge of the planes.

The planes hi each bank, oper-
ated simultaneously by the
eng-ineer, are capable of being-
set at anj' ang-le from zero
to 10 degrees or more. Each jilane is from 20 to 30
feet in length, by four to five feet in width, and
thoroughly braced. In the banks the aeroplanes
will be superimposed, one directly above the other,
at a distance slightly less than their width, measured

from the advancing edge to the rear, this being the
smaller dimension.

The axle of the trolle}' wheels p.'isses through the
sides of the car near the top, with journals the same
as the driving axles, but in insulated bearings. The
trollev wheels have a contact on the upper side of

the conductor, and being-
free to fall by their own
weight, and that of their
a.xle, a perfect contact
will alwaj's be insured,
or si m p 1 y induction
arms may be used. The
trolley axle is provided
with the usual brushes
and distribution discs,
fastened to the top of
the car bj" a spring post
device which keeps the
brushes in close contact
with the cop])er sleeve of
the axle. These sleeves
are removable, and after
a certain wear, they
can be taken off and re-
cast.

An air-puni]) actuates
a system of rods and
levers underneath the
car. To these are attach-
ed several sets of axles.
Their wheels (about two
feet in diameter) do not
ordinarilj' engage the
under side of the lower
rails. The object of
these wheels is to keep
the car upon the track,
prevent oscillation and
pf)ssible swaying- from
side winds, and to g-en-
erate a frictio n for
traction or retardation.

Whatever the weight
ujion the track, the cen-
ter of g-ravity is several
feet below the line join-
ing- the points of sus-
pension, instead of
several feet above it, as
in the case of the present
railroads. Presuppos-
ing the fact that the
aeroplanes can lift the
g-reater part of the load
upon a level or even
upon a grade, there is
no reason why just
enough weight should not be carried upon the driv-
ing wheels to g-ive the necessarj' adhesion to the
rails for traction. Upon an ascending- g-rade it is
argued that if all but this weight can be lifted from
the track, and this equilibrium be maintained, but
little more work will be needed to propel the car up

the grade than on a level. But more work is neces-
sary to maintain this condition of things. It is,
however, not to be compared in amount to that
necessary to force the load up the hill by the ordi-
nary rolling method, and 3"et maintain a high

velocity. Lieut. Chase estimates that such a rn^id
between New York and Philadelphi.'i could be built
for 4125,00(1 per mile, and that the traffic would juiy
an annual dividend of 10 per cent ujion an exjiend-
iture of 4200,001) per mile, while the service <'oukl hc
quadrupled if the demand required it.

For the benefit of the g-eneral public, and a-, illu -
trative of the possibilities (jf the aerodromic railro.'u' ,
Lieut. Chase concludes with this hopeful, poeti.
outburst: "Journeying- at 125 miles per hour, the
traveler from Xew York w<juld reach San Krancisc.,
inside of twenty-four hours. He Cfuild ])roceed to
Paris via Behring's Straight in actually less time
than it now takes to cross the Atlantic.

Direct Connected “ Ideal ” Engines.

The Direct Connected Combination of Engine aiul
Dynamo of today is demonstrating — bj- an increas-
ing number of plants — its practicabilitt'. efficiency,
and sound principles. Illustrated herewith is per-
haps the most modern of these Dynamo Eng-ine Com-
binations yet produced. This comprises a Multi-
polar Dynamo of the Waddell-Entz type, driven by
a Harrisburg Tandem-Compound Ideal Self-diling
Eng-ine. The Dynamo is 50 K. W. capacity and the
Ideal Eng-ine CA'linders 10" and 17" by 12", built for
running-, in this instance, non-condensing-. The
speed of the combination is 26(1 r. p. m. and it oper-
ates under a pressure of 115 to 125 lbs.

The Ideal Engine has several strong ])oints cjf im-
provement as compared with what has heretoffme
been considered " good enoug-h " practice. The self-
oiling feature is shown to be a highly efficient de-
vice, all the bearing- surfaces being-, by its use. sup-
plied with continuous streams of oil, by which the
following very apparent advantages :ire obtained :
1st, perfect circulation of oil without the care and at-
tention dependent on dro])-feed and other devices for
oiling- ; 2d, important bearing- surfaces are dust-

proof ; 3d, there is freedom from all splashing- and

unsig-htly dripping- of oil on floor and dynamos.

In direct connected work of this character it is ex-
tremeU' important that the dynamo should be kejh
as free from oil as possible, for it has been proved
that short circuits of dynamos are most frec[uently
traced to the throwing or conveying of oil from the
engine to the di'iiamo, and of the costly results of
shortcircuiting, with its attendant delays, it is not
necessary to give warning-.

The remarkable simplicitj- and heaviness of the
machine is noticed, and the method of sup])ort un-
der cylinders is considered well designed.

The economy of this combination is quite remark-
able, since a water consumption is obtained in ser-
vice of 23 lbs. per h. p. per hour non-condensing-.

The Ideal Eng-ine is the product of the Harrisburg-
Foundry and Machine Works of Harrisburg-. Penn.,
and was ordered and installed at the Bridgeport Cop-
per Co., by their re])resentatives for Xew 'Lork and
Boston. W. R. Fleming & Co., 2(13 Broadway. X. Y..
and 62(1 Atlantic Avenue, Boston. Mass. There

seems no reason whatever to prevent the fu-
ture installation of such combinations being al-
most universal, since by its use is secured simjtlic-
ity, minimum floor sjiace, high cconomv, and noise-
less running-.

DIRECT CONNECTED -'IDEAL" ENGINE.

88

THE IXVEXTIVE AOE.

MODERN TYPE COnPOSITION.

Some Points of interest About Typefounding and
Machines for Composing Movable Type.

Until line casting inachines. with their automatic
systems of justifying lines and melting pot methods
of distribution, have been sufficient imi)roved t(j
meet the exacting requirements of book ])rinting,
there will be an alim^st unlimited field for machiues
which handle movable type. At present the line
casting machines are confined almost exclusively to
newspaper work. The variation in height of the
tvpe faces, and fre<juent imperfect alignment, on
tlie metal slugs can be com])ensated for with scjft
paper on rotary printing machines to an e.xtent
which gives satisfaction to newsjiaper ]jublishers :
but f<ir book printing, especially where enameled and
(jther heavy papers are used and Imth sides of the
])a])er must receive an even inijn'ession, nothing has
yet been presented that will give the ]ierfection
obtained from single moval)le tyi)e. The machines
most ])rc>minent on the market in this class are ones
which have been known to exist fc.ir a number of
years, but they have recently been simplified and
abridged to bring them within
the range of operators and at-
tendants not thoroughly versed
in the intricacies of complica-
ted mechanisms, and as a c<m-
sciiuence the book compositor
may lie considered as being in
the same jxisition as was his
fellow craftsmen a few years
ago when the lim.itype machines
began to be oflered to news-
paper publishers. In fact the
several hundred tyjiesetting
machines now in use are not
confined to book offices alone,
but some of them are to be
found in dailv newspa])er offi-
ces, where publishers do not
deem the standard of excellence
obtained in the line casters
sufficiently high to meet their
views of good and reliable
jirinting. The line of pia.igress
in the field of machines built
for composing movable tvpe
has not, therefore, been di-
rected so much toward invent-
ing machines of this character
as it has been to improving and
simplifying those previouslv
invented. Some idea can be
formed of the vast simp’ilica-
tion which has taken ])lace in
this line when it is ktiown that
one ty])esetting machine has re-
cently been relieved of fully
one hundred working parts,
and vet this machine is very much more reliable and
speedy' than under its old form. ( )ther machines
have been withdrawn from the market with a view
of adding to them an automatic system of justifica-
tion, something that everyone acquainted with the
art will readily recognize as very important. The
history of many machines of this character is verj’
aptly told in the following excerpt from the Union
Printer of Januai-y 27, 1894, and it also demonstrates
wh3' printers have felt themselves secure against the
inroeids of mechanical methods of tvpe composition;

“ IVe were handed a small four-page circular one
dax' this week, inviting us to inspect a new typeset-
ting and distributing machine which was said to be
on exhibition at the corner of Avenue A and St.
Marks place. The machine was called the Alden,
and the circular said that the inventor, Mr. J. F.
Slingerland, had made upwards of 300 radical im-
provements in it and that it was now a glittering
success. IVe xvere just about to start up Avenue A
in search of St. Ylarks Place to see this wonderful
machine when we discovered that the circular was
dated Julx', 18681 Tweiitx'-six x-ears have passed
since Mr. Slingerland took out his patents on 300
“radical and important improx^ements,” and we
hax'e not heard of anx'one getting fired on account
of the influx of Alden machines. Can anx' of the
old timers tell us xvhat became of this machine?”

The situation is x’erx' much different to dax’ from
what it was’ twentx’-six x'ears ago. Improx'ements
have been accepted in ex'erx' feature of the printing
art except that of tvpe composition until within a
x'erx' few x'ears. The earlx' tx'pesettimg machines,
such as the Burr (now the Empire). Thorne and Mc-
IMillan machines, hax’e undergone manv changes in
construction and operation. Machines of the first
two tx’pes named now in ojjeration are giving good
satisfaction, both as to speed and accuracx' of work.
It is asserted'that tx'])e cannot be comjiosed as cheap-
ly per thousand on these machines as with the line
casters, but it is freelx' admitted that the product
of the fijrmer alone meets the highest requirements
of the art. The introduction of tyjiesetting machines
will not displace proportionatelx' as nianx' printers
as the line casting machines, at least such is and
will be the case with those on the market, for the
reason that a tx’pesetting machine reejuires the
presence of a justifx’ing as well as a composing op-
erator. while the line casting machines are operated
b_v one per.son. with an expert mechanic usuallx' in
charge of several machines. Howex'er, as there are
ab(.iut 1,500 machines of both stx'les now in operation

in the United Stotes. and statistics dex'elope that
thex' dis]ilace 44 jier cent of the emplox'ed jirinters
generallx', the_v surelx' will not be less favorable to
the craft xvhen the new machines come on the
market which promise to not onlx" set movable type
but also automaticallx' justifx' the lines at the same
time xvhile in the hands of one operator. Although
machines hax’e been placed in some of the largest
newspaper and publishing houses in the United
States, x’et the area of the printing world is exceed-
ingly' larg-e and but a mere speck of it has been cox'-
ered by mechanical methods of type composition.

In the typefounding xvorld improvement has been
also been the order of the day. The typefounder,
instead of casting- type bx' hand xvith a jet txvo or
three times the size of the type, or casting them in
hand poxver machines xvith jet breaking attachments,
noxv casts his tyj^e xvith steam poxx'er machines
xvhich automaticallx' produce tx'pe readx' for the
jirinter's case, except as to inspection to determine
if all the faces are perfect. Onlx' those x'ersed in
the art understand the fine and exacting measure-
ments used in tx'pefounding. Ex'erx' tx'pe in a page
must be of the same height and every' tx'pe body'
must be on perfect lines, otherxvise g-ood paper, fine

ink and artistic ty'pe cannot be brought together and
taken apart xvith satisfactory' results. Perfect
height, faces and bodies are obtained through the
use of steel molds and copper matrices made by
skilled workmen and used in machines xvhere metals
of the correct alloy' gix'e the desired results under
pressure. But fexx’ persons more thoroughly' appre-
ciate the x'ariations of one-thousandth of an inch than
do matrix-fitters, mold makers and ty'pefounders
generally'. Ex'en xvith all the careful measurements
and fine instruments that inx'ention has placed at
the disposal of ty'iiefounders, no one has y'et per-
fected a machine xvhich xvillcast type sufficiently' ac-
curate to permit them to be passed directly' from the
casting- machine to the printer's case xvithout first
hax'ing- been subjected to the scrutinizing gaze of
the inspector, xvho is usually' a person xvhose keen-
ness of x'ision and y'ears of experience enables him
to detect imperfections that xvould nex'er suggest
themselx'es ex'en to his associates in other dix'isions
of the industry unless their attention xvas specially'
directed to them. And it is because of this great
care in close measurement and scrutinizing- inspec-
tion that mezzotint plates and mox'able type can be
placed side by' side and super-
ior printing obtained xx'ith the
use of fine inks and highly'
enameled, paper.

The casting machine shoxvn
is xvhat is knoxvn as the auto-
matic or perfecting- ty'pecast-
ing machine of the Foucher
Bros., Paris pattern, built and
improx'ed by Barnhart Bros. &
Spindler, Chicago, and em-
ploy'ed by' this firm in the man-
ufacture of their superior cop-
per-mixed ty'pe, used throug-h-
out the body' of The Inx'En-
Tix'E Age.

This machine not only casts
the type, but performs all the
intermediary' operations neces-
sary' to the finishing- of ty'pe
cast by the old xvay', such as
breaking off 'the jets, rubbing
off the txvo sides, dressing of
the body and g-roox'ing of the
jet end of the ty'pe. The ty'pe
is cast singly' and folloxv each
other through the channels,
xvhich contain the dressing
and groox'ing dex'ices, on to a
long xx'ooden setting stick.
When the stick is filled it is
remox'ed and carried to the in-
spector of the face, xvho re-
jects all imperfect ty'pe, and is
then pag-ed in galleys of suita-
ble size. As a mechanical
achievement, this machine is
entitled to take rank xvith the best xvork of this xvon-
derful age of accuracy' in labor-sax'ing- machinery'.

To those familiar xvith the exacting requirements
in the production of movable ty'pe, a machine that
automatically' performs all the necessary' mechani-
cal operations must commend itself as a veritable
xvonder. Machines of this class are surely' destined
to replace the old method of ty'pe manufacture.
The distance betxveen the plan of casting ty'pe in
hand moulds in vogue in the days of our fathers
and in this machine shoxvs that typefounding is
keeping- jjace xvith modern progress.

THE THOKNE TYPESETTING M.X.CHINE.

This machine dilfers in construction and operation
from ex'ery other one upon the market in its respec-
tive class, in that it distributes and sets type in one
and the same machine. It is a grax'ity and rotary
machine combined, uses nicked-backed ty'pe for dis-
tribution purposes and assembles matter in a contin-
uous line and passes it in front of the keyboard op-
erator to the justifier. The cy'linder contains grooves
xvhich are not quite as deep as ty'pe are high, and
these grooves are xvide enough to hold some fixed
body' of type. The upper portion of the cy'linder

THE INVENTIVE AOE

(S(;

moves with a step motion, and the grooves in the
lower portion of the cylinder contain ribs or wards
like those of a lock. Lines of type to be distributed
are placed in the grooves of the upper half of the cyl-
inder by means of special applitinces for the pur-
pose, and the nicks on the backs of the type tit the
different ribs or wards of the grooves, like the yale
key fits the lock, and thus the various type are
passed into their proper channels in the lower portion
of the cylinder, while the spaces pass out into recep-
tacles for use of tlie justifier. At the base of the
lower stationary half C5’l-
inder is a rapidly revolving
plate, and as the operator
indicates the required char-
acters on the key board the
type pass out onto this
plate and are carried
around to the right side of
the operator and directly
in front of him by means
of a continuous belt, where
the justifier cuts off what
is approximated' a line of
the proper measure, and
reduces or increases the
space between words, as
the requirments demand.

The machine has a se-
quence keyboard, that is in
traveling over the keys
from one side many of
them act in combination,
while operating them from
the opposite direction they
act as separate and distinct
keys. Thus the operator,
with one stroke, is enabled
to bring forth a complete
word if the lettets of which
are in sequence on the ke3'-
board and the number of
letters composing the word
within the range of one
hand and if not, then both
hands can be used, or the
kej's ma^' be actuated
singd'. This stj’le of kej’
board construction, witti
mechanism speedy enough
to correspond, is what t3'pe-
setting machine construc-
tors term a machine with
speed limited onl\' to the
ability of the operator.

Corrected matter has been
produced upon this ma-
chine, at a rate of speed
fully equal to 6,000 ems per
hour. While this machine
can be used to simultane-
ously set and distribute
matter, it can also be run
to perform either function
with out the other. The
distributing mechanism is
set to operate at a speed of
about 8,000 ems per hour,
and the machine is sup-
plied with sort“sticks,”like
typefounders use, to supply thegrooyesor channels
with extra type when one letter runs short, as the
printer does his case. The new style machine is
accompanied with a swinging chair, to enable it to
be operated by one person in handling “short take”
matter in daily newspaper work. By the use of this
chair the operator turns to the justifying side of the
machine as soon as he has plaj’ed out six lines.
quickA' justifies these, and feeds out other lines if
there be an^- in the “take.” There are now two
hundred Thorne machines in use in America and
about tift^' in Europe, and the companj' is turning
out machines at the rate of three per week. The
policj' of the Thorne companj' has been to sell and
not lease machines, but under the new arrangement
of leasing machines the demand has increased, and
the companj' is enlarging its productiye facilities.
Fiftj' printing institutions are now using the
Thorne machine, among them the New York Mail
and Express, New York Post, Forum, Houghton,
Miiflin & Co., the ITniv'ersitj' Press and others. In
the American Press Association office in New York,
where tiye machities are being operated, the most
e.xpert team of operators is said to produce about
50,000 ems of matter per daj' of eight working hours.

THE EMPIRE TYPESETTING M.\CHIXE.

This machine was formerlj' known as the Burr
machine, and some of the old stj'le ones haye been
continuouslj' in practical operation for seyeral j-ears.
It has been completelj' remodeled, is now known as
the Empire, and is essentially a grayitj' machine;
that is the type come into the general line bj'
their own weight, rather than bj' being brought there
bj' rotarj' or other mechanisms. The tj'pe chan-
nels are in three cases, and when arranged readj' for
the operator thej’ appear in rows with their faces

outward. The indication of the key causes a small
ejector to force the projier type from the end of the
cliannel and the tj'pe follow each down into a contin-
uous line to the justifj’ing operator, who, by means
of a small deyice held in his left hand, which enables
him to (piickly and safelj' handle the tj'pe, takes
from the continuous line what he considers will make
a line of the measure being worked on. Thisleayes
the right hand of the justifier free to rajjidlj' take
from the yarious quick responding rece])tacles the
required sjiaces or quads to space out the line, yery

THORNE TYPESETTING AND DISTRIP>UTING MACHINE.

much as a compositor spaces out a line in his stick,
but much more rapidly and with not so much dan-
ger of pieing the line on account of its position and
the conv'eniences for handling the tj'pe and spaces.
As the type come rapidlj', one after another, as the
operator at the keyboard indicates the characters re-
quired, they pass quicklj' into a race channel or as-
sembling grooye and are kept, in the form of a con-
tinuous line, moying toward the justifier.

The Empire distributing machine is separate from

THORNE KEYHOARD.

the composing mechanism, and its principles of op-
eration are similar to that of other machines of its
class. The type haye a special nick on the back,
and as a page or “ handful ” of type is jilaced upon
the machine it automatically handles tlie lines and
separate type and passes the latter into their proper
channels for the composing machine. In the Em-
pire sj'stem a yerj' shallow nick is placed in the back
of each tj'pe for distributing purposes, and thus thej'
are not materiallj' weakened, as is claimed in other

sj'stems where deep nicks ;irc ii^cd. Tin- .-.poed
of the Empire machine is said to be limited only
to the ability of the o])erator to indicate the kej '
required to form the language. Some of the s])eed
tests on this ne\vlv designed machine give almost
phenomenal results. In the Monroe jniblishing
house. New York, where a number of the ma-
chines have been in use for some time, an o]»erator
is claimed to have composed Tb.bOi) ems of type in
one daj'. Of course, such rates of siieed are only at-
tained by expert operators, but publishers who have
used the machines for sufticient time to test their ca-
pacity bej'ond any doubt believe that a speed of
4,5(M) to 5,000 ems [ler hour can be easily maintained
by e.xjierienced operators. For the week ending- Ajiril
14, an operator of live months' experience on the Em-
pire machine set 253, .150 ems in five and ime-half
days, chang-ing- the measure four or five times,
which, of course, reduced the total output to some-
extent. The combined salarj' of the operator, justi-
fyer and boy at the distributing machine was 538.34.
for the five and one-half daj-s. the operator and jus-
tifier receiving- a salary of 520 per week each and
the distributer attendant 56, showing- a material sav-
ing over the scale for hand couqKjsition. Enqfire
machines are in successful operation in such New
York offices as the Herald and the Monroe. Burr.
Collier, and Street & Smith publishing houses.

THE I.AN.STON MONOTYPE.

This sj'stem provides for the use of two sejiarate
machines — one for making perforations in strijis of
paper and prejustifj'ing the lines, and the other for
casting- and setting the tj'pe into lines. Many of
the principles involved in the Eanston machines
are not new, but some of the mechanisms used are
cleverly adapted and remarkable ing-enuity is shown
in the whole combination. A very superior matrix
is now being adapted to this sj'stem, growing out of
the application of well-known typefounding- prac-
tices -to the manufacture of intag'-lios for the pur-
pose. The casting- and setting machine exhibited
at the World’s Fair and elsewhere by the Eanston
companj' was what is termed a single machine —
that is, but one strip of paper was emjjloyed in
operating -one casting and master mechanism.
The company is now perfecting^ a quadriqile ma-
chine, bj' the use of which four different strips of
perforated pajier are emjiloj'ed in actuating four
separate casting devices throug-h the means of but
one general mechanism. In this new form of ma-
chine it is possible to cast and set into lines as
many as four dift'erent stj'les of types, and as
many distinct measures, sim ultaiieouslj', and all of
the -four separate casting mechauisms can be kept
in continuous operation, or any one or any number
of the whole discontinued at will.

The Eanston sj'stem involves first, through the
use of the kej'board or perforating'- and justifying-
machine, the actuation of the jiroper kej's to form
words and sentences. As these kej's are actuated
perforations are made in a strip of paper, and the
dials on the kej'board machine indicate to the ojier-
ator the amount of sjiace that is being- consumed.
The operator, bj' observing the travel of the dial
hands, is enabled, by a mental calculation, as he
apjn'oaches or has reached the end of the line,
to determine the size of space to go between each
word to make the line the proper length, and by
depressing the kej'S to give this result the jierfora-
tion is made in the proper position on the strip of
pajier (the kej'board mechanism haying- acuated an
indicator telling- the number of words or normal
spaces, to the comiiositor, 3-em spaces, haying- been
used in the formation of the line). After the article
has been completed, by all the perforations being-
made in the strip of paper, perforations having- been
cut in paper as one would write or a compositor set
np tj'])e — that is, from the beginning of the first

par a g r a p h
to the end
(or at the end
of any para-
g- r a p h o r
w h e r e y e r
the operator
maj' see fit
to “make
even.” p r e-
s u m ably 1,
the ]ierfora-
ted strip is
auto m a t i-
c a 1 1 y fed
throug-h the
m e c hanism
matrix to the
automatically
rotation and

emploj-ed to bring the proper type
casting point, the type being then
cast and passed out onto a g'allej' in
into justified lines, which, however, are set up back-
ward, as it were — that is, the last character of the
bottom line of the article is the first to ajipear, and
the other characters and lines follow successiyelj-
in this order — from the last letter and bottom line
up the column.

Those who are acquainted with the move recenllj'

90

THE

/E AQE

itiveiiLed type perfecting- niacliines (the Foucher and
Barth) -will understand that this system, with the
quadruple machine, compounds the tj’pecasting-
principles of these
machines to ob-
tain a four-fold
product by the use
of one g-eneral
mechanism. The
F o u c h e r a n d
Barth machines
a u t o m a t i c a lly
cast. jet-break and
finish movable
tvjje from one
single fixed ma-
tri.x and mold. and
])ass them out into
long lines on ty])e-
founders’ ‘sticks.’

In the r.,anston
sj’stem the same
matrices, or indi-
vidual intaglios,
are used in the
casting- machine
as are found rep-
resented in char-
acter keys on the
keyboard and jus-
titving- appara-
tus, all assembled
in compact form.

'When in opera-
tion this assem-
b 1 e d for m o f
female type o r
matrices is travel-
ing-, by a motion
somewhat similar
to that obtained
in a ])antagraph,
and as the per-
forations p a s s
into the master

mechanism, in which r<itary and jineumatic prin-
ci]>les are used, the ]in)])er type matrix is
brought to the casting- ])oint. the type cast and
I)assed onto the g-alley. and this operation is
repeated until the article lias been completed.
The kej'board. as well as the casting machine,
carries all the desirable characters used in
movable tvpe, such as caps, small ca])s. lower case
;ind italic, tliis feature being limited only to the de-
sire in original construction.

None of theMonotype machines
are in practical operation as yet.
and mechanically, artistically
and commercially speaking, the
Banston jieople have undertaken
to solve a verj- difficult jiroblem,
that of perfecting a mechanical
system and series of machines
to supersede hand composition _
of type which entail the indica-
tion of the recpiired ty])e char-
acters on a keyboard machine
which makes jierforations in jia-
per, combining with this ojier-
ation the prejustification of lines,
and then using the perforated
strips (jf paper as a g-uide to
an automatically o])er a t i n g

mechanism to bring the necessary int.'iglios to the
casting point, hold them there, cast the tvpe and
spaces and ])ass them sing-ly onto a galley and in
lines of correct length. This system and the several
machines have l)een examined bv such well-known
persons in the tyi)Ogr,iphic world as Mr. Win. M.
Patton, of Pa])er and I’ress; (Mr. Wm. B. McKellar.
of the McKellar. Smiths ik Jordan T vjH'founding
Co.; Mr. Merman Kidder, manag-er of the New York

igan. The name is a familiar one to those ac-
quainted with improved printing machiner}-. The
novelty, general construction and operation of this

semble the type or
been assembled it
pushed down on to the galley.

EMPIRE Cl.iMin ISIXC. AND DISTR I bUTING MACHINES.

machine are such as to make it a very promising-
ci.impetitor among machines of its class, ami is one
of those machines referred to in the April number of
Thi-; In-\- 1'-.nti\-e Ai.i; as about to be brought to the
attention of publishing- printers. It is the first
known invention in the printing- art to arise out of
the greatest educatin' the world has ever exjierienced.
This mai-hine has actually been invented, designed,
Iniilt and the jiatent aiqdications filed and the ma-

log-otypes. When tiie line has
is automatically justified and
the justifying being
accomplished by
a m e c h a n i s m
wl'.ich is remark-
able for its sim-
ji 1 i c i t y . A de-
scrip t i o n of it
must be withheld
however, until is-
suance of patents
on the meclianism
and its a p p 1 i c a-
tion.

One of the novel
a t t a c h m e 11 1 s
to the machine is
a small electric
m o t o r. This is
p laced in the
frame of the ma-
chine and supplies
the motive pover
for o])eration and
the liglit required.
The motor is min-
ature in size, is
operated at an ex-
pense of about one
cent per 1 our, and.
can he run from
ain' ordinary six-
teen candle power
fixture.

A kex'board dis-
tributing machine
l.as a capacity of
4,000 distributed
type ])er hour, and
the type are not
especially nicked
for the purpose,
as in other tx'pe-
setting machines,
ordin.ary movable metal type being used as by the
]U'inter at the case. The tests of the first working
model machine showed its capacity to be between
4,001) and .s.OOO ems per hour, and it is believed that
the speed of the new machine now being constructed
will be limited only to the rapidity with which the
operator will be able to inclic.'ite the proper charac-
ters to correctly form words and sentences.

The inventors and c<mstructors of the Cox nia-

CAP

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LOWER

POINT

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Staats-zCeitung: iMr. W

W. Pasco and others of the

DOUBLE NICKED TYPE. EMPIRE MACHIN’E SYSTEM.

United Typotheta- of America, and some of these
g-entlemen, and manx' other jniblishers have spoken
favorably of the system and the machines, as stated
in the circulars of the Uansti m Nlonotvpe ^Machine Co.

The cox logotype xiachixp;.

This is a machine which has been specialh' de-
signed to meet the demand for a simple and cheap,
though rapid, composer of movable t3‘pe. It is a re-
cent invention of Paul F. Cox, of Battle Creek. Mlch-

E ,M P I R E K E Y BOARD.

chine practically tested since the close of the great
World's Columbian Exposition, a source from which
so manx’ have drawn grand inspirations and concep-
tions and gathered ])i'actical ideas.

As will be noticed in the illustration, the Cox logo-
type machine is very compact and simple, more so
than anv in its specific class. The keyboard is mod-
ern and conveniently arranged. The keys have di-
rect acting connection with the type ejectors :it the
the channels, which are all vertical, side
l)_v side, on .'in angle of 4,4 deg-rees
with each other and .'issembled
tog-ether to form a tx-pe channel
mag.'izine. Running back ;it right
ang-leswith this type channel mag--
azine, ahing- the left end of the ma-
chine, is an auxillarx' magazine, in
which are thirty- separate channels
containing- the logotj-pes — words
and s^-lables cast iqion one solid
jiiece of metal — such as “and,"

“ was,” “the,” “ tion,” ing,” etc.,
etc., and these log-otx'pes are
placed automatically' as rapidly'
into the line of com]io.sed matter as are any of
the sing-le ty'pe. In other words, the Cox machine
has sing-le ty-pe channels directly in front of the
key-board and a. series of logoty-pe channels stand-
ing'- at rigf-ht angles to the sing-le channels. The lo-
g-oty'pes are released by- the actuation of a sing-le key-,
the same as the separate ty-pe. Running- at rig'-ht
ang'-les yvith each other, slightly' beloyv the outlet
g-ates at the base of the t vpeyvay's. are tyvo steel con-
ve3'ing belts yvhich rapidh' discharge the ejected
t3'pe into the assembling dey-ices. yvhich properly as-

liott

m

chine pro]iose to hay'e an up-to-date machine in all
respects, and if machines to set movable t3'pe are to
be the order of the da3-. their new method of distri-
bution and justification certainly- promise an attrac-
tiveness no-t combined in any- machine of this class.
They- propose to not only automaticalM- justify- the
lines as assembled, butti-i also automaticalU' charge
the magazine channels in the t3'pesetting machine
with new type, and thus do ayvay yvith all s3-stems
of distributi(.)n. Mr. Cox has combined yvith several
neyy- dey-ices the most modern machines and t3-pe
founding practices for rapidM- producing his neyy-
t3-pe fonts. The machine is so simple in construc-
tion and oiieration that it should be easiU- kept in
running order.

xi'mii.lax typesetting .and JU,STIE\-ING m.vchine.

' Some y'er3' radical changes hay-e recently- been
made in the McMillan t3'pesetting machine. The
actual working- ]iarts of the composing mechanism
have been reduced in number, streng-thened and
materialU' simplified, and to Mr. McMillan’s general
proposition to do t3'pe composition b3' machiner3' has
been added an automatic sy-stem of justif3-ing' the
lines of ty-pe, thus bring-'ing- the labor of preparing
moy-able t3'pe read3- to print yvithin the range of one
machine operator. In fact, the McMillan machine
may- be said to hay-e undergone a conijilete remodel-
ing-. The new automatic justif3-ing dey-ice yy-as giy-en
a test equal to six months’ actual yvork before it yy-as
decided to be of sufficient reliabilit3- to perform the
required functions. With the neyv st3'Ie McMillan
machine moy-able t3-pe are set solid and automat-
icalW justified or autoniaticall3' single or double
leaded. The Remington t3'peyvriter ke3'board is used

THB INVEXTIVE ^OE.

on this machine, -which reduces the number of char-
acter keys. Illustrations of the ne-w McMillan type-
setter and automatic system of justification -will be
t.'-iven in a future number of The; In\'e:ntive Age.
Those versed in the operation of machines of this
character will readily appreciate the importance of
a machine which can be handled b3' one operator.
It is said the new model McMillan tj'pesetting" and
justifj'ing- machine has been tested up a speed of
9,400 ems of solid matter in one hour.

Electric Eccentricities.

The electricity' that pervades space and all mind,
all matter, within and without our ken, is one of the
masterful mysteries that man can never conrpier.
for he is onlv finite while the fluid in cptestion, n _)w
visible and anon invisible, is infinite and imm ortal.
It permeates the seen and the unseen, heaven, hell,
our planet and all the known and unknown stars

tne public for a jjrice, or was a few years ayo when
I met him at Eemar, Iowa.

The electric eel is one of the very stranirest cre;i-
tures in creation. Touch it, and vou will think von
have been struck by li^^'-htnin;,,'-. It frequently can 'e-s
death Ijy drowninq-. the swimmer heinq- made ])ciw-
erless b_v comine- in contact with its loaths'.me and
letiial body'.

If electricity were subtracted from the universe
:l11 nature, man. animal and plant would instantly

The New Army Rifle.

The first consig-nment of the new army' gun, the
Krag-Jorgensen rifle, goes from Springfield armory'to
the infantry' corps at Fort Omaha. The new weapon
weighs about eight pounds, including its knife-
shaped bay'onet. Its barrel is 30 inches in length ;
its magazine contains 5 cartridges. It can be used
either as a single-shot rifle or as a repeater, and ii-i
the former case can be manipulated rapidly' enough
to discharge 30 shots a minute. One striking char-
acteristic of the arm is its small caliber. The pres-
ent Springfield rifle has a bore of .45 of an inch ; the
new rifle one of .30 of an inch only', just about large
enough to admit an ordinary' lead pencil, and en-
ables the soldier to carry 175, or even 200, rounds of
ammunition, instead of 100, as at present. The bul-
let is about an inch long, of hardened lead, coated
with nickel. The charge of 37 grains of smokeless
powder burtis with little residuum, but smokeless is

MONOTYPE— QUADRUPLE CASTING AND ASSEMBLING MECHANISM.

MONOTYPE— KEYBOARD MACHINE.

only' a relative term. Tliere is a smoke, or light,
feathery' vapor, but at a distance it is scarcely'
noticeable.

At a range of 200 y'ards it is said to have sent its
tiny' nickle-clad bullet throug-h 45 inches of poplar
planking. At 2.000 y'ards, or considerably' more
than a mile, it pierced the body' of a horse at the
shoulders, and would have gone completely' through
three men. At 2.800 yards it pierced 4 inches of
planking, and at 3,200 yards it still had force enough
to go through a human body'. But while the new
arm has devleoped this terrible power, it is true
that at short ranges, at least, it lacks the accuracy'
of the old-sty'le rifle, and there is some apprehension,
too, that its intricate mechanism may' not stand the
test of hard service on the frontier.

that make their miracle march under
the command of their Creator.

I will speak only of the mrre
pecu'i'ir forms and pi a>es of tl e
electric e’ement. beginning with
what is known as •'globu’ar igl-t-
uing." Tl-icsa spheres of ligiit are
often seen at sea. Tliev roll on the
surface of the waves in dazz’ing'
splendor, and in size vary'iug- from
three to five feet in diameter. Now
and then one of them bursts with
a crash like the very' crack of Doom
itself.

Tubes of g-lass, made by' electric-
ity, are frequently found in sandy'
soil. A bolt of lig-htning cleaves
through the silicious formation,
melts it, and produces a pipe of
g-lass, the long-est y-et founcl being
27 feet from tip to tip. Artificial
attempts to form such tubes have
been made by' directing- a strong-
current of electricity through pow-
dered glass, with the resuT only'
of producing- tiny' pipes, an inch in
leng'th and possessing the diameter
of a knitting- needle.

Currents of electricity' are con-
stantly' playing through the earth,
and when two of them strike
together the result is disastrous to
man, for a tidal wave, an earth-
quake or a volcanic eruption is in-
variably' the upshot.

The “corpse candles" that
appear from time to time on the
spars of ships is a singular form
of electricity'. They' are known to
scientists by' the name of St. Elmo's fire, have the
form of a bush, are the size of candles, send out a
deep, strange, roaring sound, and invariably' produce
a panic on board of the vessel on which they' appear,
for they' are foretokens of terrible storms, and often
of wreck and death in the doomful waves.

A farm hand, named Burns, living near King-sley',
Iowa, went into the loft of a barn with two fellow-
workers to wait the passing of a riotous rainstorm.
A bolt of lightning struck the barn, tore the flesh
off the breast, neck and thighs of Burns in long
bloody' strips, bored a hole through his watch, set
his clothes and the barn afire, killed his two com-
panions, passed to the floor below, knocked the life
out of seven pigs, y'et strange to say this man Burns
still lives, and is now showing his shocking scars to

COX LOGOTYPE MACHINE.

crowning catastrophe in store for creation and all
created thing's. AVho knows ?

Will Hubbard Kernan.

Names of All Patent Attorneys.

There has recentU’ been compiled by Virgrinia AV. Middleton,
the well known stenographer, a list of all attorneys practicingr
before the United States Patent Office. This little volume is of
incalculable value to inventors, attorney's and manufacturers.
The cloth'binding costs $1.50 and paper cover Si, Send to The
Inventive A GE. Washing’ton, D. C. Edition limited.

die the deatli ; the force of gravitation would cease :
a'^wreck of matter’' and a “crash of worlds"
would follow ; and this ma^' be tlieir final fate — the

9^

THK INVENTIVE AGE.

arched over with double arches, the space between
the ujjper and lower arches being' used for the va-
rious flues, bj' means cjf which the air currents are
regulated and controlled, and these are connected
with brick stacks 127 feet in heighth, each tunnel
liaving its own stack. The walls of the tunnel are
thoroughly bound with upright buck stays of 80 lb.
steel rail. 4 feet and 8 inches between centres,
tied tog-ether over the top ;ind beneath the tunnel
walls with iron rods 1'2 inches in diameter. The
walls of the tunnel are constructed with ex])ansive
joints to permit of exjiansion without injury to the
brick masonry. Where the hig'hest heat is gen-
erated, the walls and arc'll are lined with fire brick.
Through each tunnel way a standard g-uage track of
8l) lb. steel rail is laid. At the base, frequent arches,
about 30 inches in heighth, are constructed in outside
walls ]iermitting access lieneath the train of cars.
The inside walls have an iron trough attached their
entire length just below the liottom of the car floor,
or platform, which is ke^it full of sand or water.
The passage way through the tunnel is of suflicient
width to permit the movement of cars without com-
ing in contact cvith the walls when expanded by the
heat. Tile cars are flat, standard guag'e, each 2S
feet in leng-th. The bmlies of the cars are of steel,
and the floors or platforms are made of firebrick,
or slabs, and are about eight inches in thickness.
These platforms extend at the end so as to come in
contact with the next car when coupled together,
thus forming for
the entire length
of the train a con-
tinuous jilatfoi'ni or
floor. lieneath the
<iuter side of these
]ilatforms a steel
])1 ate so me f i) ur
inches in width by
'4 i nch in thickness
])rojects doivn into
the trough, before
mentioned as at-
tached to the side
walls of the tunnel,
and form, when in
that iiosition. a seal
wliieli excludes air
beneath the car
from entering and
hot air or fumes
above from escap-
ing d 1 1 w 11 w a r fls.

Mach tunnel wav
will hold ten of
these cars and per-
mit of closing- the
outg'oi n g end by
iron doors, which
move 11]) and down
in a groove, ojier-
ated by ])ulleys on
the tc i]i of the tun-
nel. AVhen in oji-
eration, each of the
tu n nel s is fi 1 1 e d
with loaded cars,
the trains being
moved in ojijiosite
directions. At each
end of the tunnel
there is a transfer
car moved in a de-
])resscd ])as sage-
wav, so that the track on the transfer car will reg--
ister with the trai'k in either tunnel. The cars are
moved through the tunnel by cable or any other
suitable ]>ower. Wiien a fresh car is to be jilaced in
the tunnel it is run u])on the transfer car and the
latter ]ilaced in jiosition to reg-ister with the tunnel
track. At the same time the transfer car at the rip-
])osite end is jilaced in jiosition to receive the car
tliat must emerg-e at that end. Tlieii at a signal the
door at the outg'oing end is hoisted sufficiently to
clear the jilatform of the cars, and the entire train
in that tunnel way is put in motion. As the car
enters the tunnel, loading commences from a chute
which forms a stationary iron door over the end of
the tunnel, and when the car has fully entered it is
loaded to its full cajiacity. In the meantime a car
has been emerging- from the other end which has
jiassed throug-h the fire, and as it conies in view a
convej'or. working automatically, has worked off the
ashes, usually less than a culiic yard in (juantity,
and dejiosited them in a cart or wagon, in waiting'-
on the outside of the building. The unloaded car is
at once in readiness to enter the ojijiosite tunnel way
with a fresh load on its return triji, and so the o])er-
ation goes on continuously. As it enters upon its
return trip with its fresh load evaporation of the
water at once commences as before described.

The outer walls near the center of the tunnels on
each side have frequent small opening's throng-h
which the crude petroleum is forced by, and com-
mingled with, jiowerful currents of compressed air
upon the mass of garbag-e. In addition an air
poker, the invention also of Mr. Anderson, is used.

b_v which the mass is stirred with powerful currents
of compressed air. This is under full control of the
workmen and o])erated much in the manner of the
nozzle of a hose in the hands of a fireman. It forces
its way beneath the mass of ashes, cinders and
other matter, raising- them like a cloud of dust in a
cyclone, and the fresh oxygen from the air adds
such intensitj- to the raging- torrent of flame that
the ])articles are almost wholly consumed before
thev can settle down again.

It will be understood that crude jietroleum is used
freelv in the initial heating- of the tunnel, but after
the required degree is attained, but little if any oil
i> re(iuired. as the gases and water utilized are, in
fact, more than suflicient to carry on the work of
combustion, besides furnishing the re(juisite steam
for o])erating the ])ower ])lant.

A ])lant built on this system and fully cquijiped
with a guaranteed ca])acity of one hundred eubic yards
per hour, can be constructed at a cost not exceeding'-
ShO.OdO, exclusive of the land. The cajjacity of
the ])lant can be increased or diminished to suit the
roiuirements of any munici])ality, and it is adajjted
to the ra])id cremation of any variety of city refuse,
including- street sweei)ing''s and nig-ht soil. No re-
cent invention can conii)are with this in the influ-
ence it may exert uixm the health and comfort (if
urban life.

The ])atents for this s^'stem are owned by the An-
derson Coke, (las. Power (.t Reduction Coni])any,

AX'DKRSoN (;aki;ac;e crematok.

Car eiitcriTiv the tuiiiicl fnim tlic transfer car. 3. Cniivi'vor which fills the

Chute thi'ough tvhicli tin* car is loaded. 4. Transfer car.

of Chictigo, of which the inventor, J. C. Anderson,
is President and .1. C. Cnshmati, Secretary'. The
oflice of the conifiany is htcated at 937 ;ind 939, "The
Rookery " Iluilding-, Chicago.

Patent Office Decision Final.

Mr. Justice Iti'ewer, in the .Snprenie Court of the TTnited
Stall's, last month, announced a rule in patent law that will be
of interest tind value to jiersons engaged in claiitis or litigation
arising out oldecisions of the I'ateiit Office. Fred tl. baniels
and Charles II. Morgan both claimed tube the original inventor
of .an iniitrovenient in machines for coiling wire. Thevtirsl
contested the claim in the Patent Olflce. where there were three
decisions, two in favor of Morg-an and one in f.avor of Daniels.
The Circuit Court for Massachusetts overruled the decision of
the Commissioner of Patents in favor of Morgan, and found
that D.iniels was till' orig-inal invi'iitor. quoting ti number of
decisions bi'aring on tht' case. Justice Ilrewer said: "Upon prin-
ci]de and authority, thc'refore, it must be laid down as a rule
that when thi' ijuestion decided in the Patent Office is one be-
twei'ii contesting jiarties as tojiriority of invention tlie decision
there made must be .accepted as controlling upon that ijuestion
of fact in anv sulisequeiit suit between tlie same jiarties, unless
tile con t rary is estatilishi'd tiv test i mo in- whicli i n cliaracter and
amount carries thorong-li conviction.” Undei- this rule the
judg-meiit of tile Circuit Court in favor of Daniels was reversed,
witli instructions fo dismiss the bill.

Names of Patent Solicitors.

Karnes and addresses of attorneys practicing- before the
United States Patent Office, carefully compiled by Vir^-inia W.
Middleton, for sale b}' the Inventive Age; cloth ;?1.50; paper $1.
Edition limited,

Engineers as Inventors.

Bv Euw.vkd P. Thompson, M. E.

Before imdertakiiig to determine to what e.xtent
inventors of eng'inering'- structures have been en-
g-ineers. it is proposed to define the two individuals
bv means of the best authorities at hand. As near-
ly as possible, engineering- societies have deter-
mined what an engineer is supposed to be, by ap-
pointing committees to formulate qualifications
which would entitle a])])licants to full or associtite
membershi]). By deducing such a definition from
the rules of the various societies we learn that an
engineer is one who is so connected with mechani-
cal. electrical, civil, military, mining, metallurgical,
etc., engineering :is to Vie considered coiiqtetent to
take charge of work in his department either as a
designer or constructor, or else he must have been
connected with the same as :i teacher, or must have
such ;i knowledge of. or connection with, applied
science as (jualifies him to co-operate with engineers
in the a]i])licati(.)n of professiontil knowledge.

(Iretiter difficulty arises in trj'ing to obttiin an
authoritative definition of an inventor. Lord Bacon
g-oes so far as to establish inventors as those who,
as it were, make “New creations and imitators of
God's own work.” Justice Mtitthews carries out

the same idea and
adds to it, by stat-
ing that an inven-
tor is one who uses
that fticiilty of the
111 i n d w h i c h
setirchcs for new
results or new
methods, creating
what had not before
existed, or had lain
hidden from vision.
Perha])s the best
source of a defini-
tion is that of leg'al
cases decided late-
ly-, in reg'ard to an
invention. Refer-
ing, therefore, to
Judg-e Butler's de-
cision. he says that
to state what con-
stitutes invention
in the legal sense
is difficult of exact
definition in terms.
Where, however, an
old device or ma-
chine in general
Use, with acknowl-
edg-ed serious de-
fects which have
long been endured,
because no one had
previously discov'-
ered a means of
o])erating them, is
taken in hand and
by changing its
form and structure
they are removed,
and a different and
iinjiroved result is
obtained, it may
safely be inferred that the change required inven-
tion. He concluded liy saying tliat where the im-
])rovement and consequent benefit are great, very-
little ey-idence of iny-ention is required.

Judge Butler's definition is excellent for a certain
class of iny-ention, /. e.. that by yvhich knoyvn diffi-
culties are oy-ercome ; but anotlier kind of iny-entor
exists. He is an iny-entor yy-ho does something
yy-hich no one ey'er thought of doing, as far as anj-
jniblic record is concerned.

From these se]iarate definitiimsrespectiy'ely- of the
tyvo indiy-iduals, the relation may be emphasized by-
say-ing- that an inventor creates a structure, such as
a neyy- type of bridge, aiul theciy-il eng-ineer designs
and builds such a bridge for a giy-en riy-er or moun-
tain ])ass, making it of the pro])er strength and di-
mensions. The inventor starts yvith a jiroblem
yvhich has not been soly-ed before, or else soly-es an
old problem in a neyv yvay ; yvhile the engineer soly-es
old ])roblems in old yvay-s, but the latter uses the
best yvay- out of many, and increases the efliciency
over former solutions for ]>urpiises of obtaining the
g-reatest economy-. Skill is not an attribute in the
jirocess of iny-enting, yy-hereas engineering- success
is dependent ujxm it. After an iny-ention is once
completed, engineers may rejieat its construction in
different sizes and for different jiurposes yvithout
the aid of an iny-entor.

Hay-ing compared the qualifications and attributes
of iny-entors and engineers, the former may- be in-
terested to knoyy- to yy-hat degree inventors have
been engineers, and therefore yvhether it pays invent-
ors to have engineering knowledge, and engineers

chute with

THE IXVEXTIVK ^GE.

93

to be on the watch for inventive problems.
In steam engineering-, the first inventor of record
was Hero of Alexandria, who invented the first theo-
retically correct steam eng-ine, about 250 15. C. and
who produced an accurate description of it in writ-
ing. He was an engineer of varied practice, a
mathematician and scientist. He designed not only
steam engine. the but also the well known fountain,
known by his name, and a force pump for use as a
fire engine. Further he was an author of engineer-
ing works entitled respectively : Pneumatic, Ilelo-
poietica. Cheiroballistras. (the latter two relating
to ordnance), and Peri Automalopoietikon. These
works have been preserved, but others, unfortunate-
ly have been lost.

As an eng-ineer. Hero would compare favoraljly
with manv members of our engineering- societies
of the present ag-e.

Giovanni Battista della Porta, who invented the
process of pumping- water by the direct action of
condensing steam, in 1601. was an author of eng-ineer-
ing works entitled ■‘Pneumatics.'’

Salomon de Cans modified the above invention by
forcing a stream of water fnmi a boiler by the ac-
tion of confined steam. He was a professional
French engineer and an author of "Ues Raisons
Des Forces Mouvantes," relating to the science of
mechanics.

Further modifications of employing- the power of
steam in raising- water were made by Branca, in
1620, and the Mar-
quis of Worcester
who were autliors
of engineering
writing-s. It is al-
leg-ed by Cosmo,

Grand Duke of Tus-
canv, that the Mar-
quis' engine was
constructed and put
into practical use
in 1656 at Vauxhall.

Watt was the
next succeeding- in-
ventor in steam en-
ginee r i n g. H i s
name may be pass-
ed over as he is
known in all his-
toric records as a
s c i e n tific m a n,
engineer and prac-
tical constructor of
mathematical i n-
struments of jjre-
cision.

□ Dr. Denis Pupin,
who invented not
only the s a f ety
valve and the pis-
ton in combination
with steam ])res-
sure, but also Pu-
pin's Dig-ester, and
minor inventions,
was of such emi-
nence as to possess
a high reputation
in the princi])les
und e r 1 y i n g en-
gineering. He was
a member of the
Royal Society and a
correspondent of
the French Academy of Sciences. He was an
author of many valuable engineering papers now
found among- transactions of both societies.

John Smeaton. who made several improvements
over the Xewcomb engine, but which were over-
looked in view of the glory given to Watt about
the same time, was very eminent as ii designing and
constructing civil engineer. Some of his more impor-
tant structures are the Spurn lig-ht house ; the noted
Ramsgate harbor : the surveying for the construc-
tion of the Forth and Clyde Canal, and the construc-
tor of .part of it : the deepening^ of the Calder : sev-
eral larg-e bridges of Scotland : and strengthening
and preserving- the London Bridge. He was a char-
ter member of the Society of Civil Engineers of
Great Britain.

Robert Fulton's experience was confined almost
exclusively to inventions relating to steamboats and
in constructing- and operating them in a practical
and commercial manner. All this involved much
engineering knowledge. He also made and patented
inventions relating to spinning machines. He was
more exclusively a successful inventor than a physi-
cist or an engineer. lentil he was about thirty-five
years of age his time and energy had been almost
entirely occupied as an artist.

By following this plan of investigation, the author
has considered the question of scientists as inven-
tors. and finds many instances, showing what has
often been a mooted p(jint, that engineers and scien-
tists have been among some ofthe greatest invent-
ors. The general public impression, however re-
mains true, that important inventions involving

engineering and scientific knowledg-e have been
made bv those who were not equipped with such
knowledg-e iti general. The secret of the invent(.)r
is to save time which would be lost in studying- the<j-
ries. history of science, philosophical s])eculati(ms.
methods of planning'- and desig-ning- eng-ineering
structures, etc., and to spend it more in the direc-
tion of treating invention as a mental science and
art. and then seeking specific knowledg-e which will
assist him. This method. Prof. Morse's telegraph
invention illustrates. He knew practically notliing
about electricity, but having- conceived an idea, he
sought for the knowledge he wanted and found it.
The author knows of a late case where a certain per-
son knew nothing of electricity uujre than by its
means motion c<3uld be communicated to a distance,
and all the additional knowledg-e he found he
needed, was comparatively little; and yet he worked
up such an intricate but successful electric system
as to be understood onU' with ditficulty by electrical
experts. All the books on electricity were useless
except as books of reference where he could find
useful facts. Edison started to invent the incan-
descent lamp by knowing ])ractically no electrical
matter except teleg'-raphic, but he searched and
found specific knowledge.

The boj' who invented the device whereby a steam
engine wcmld open its own valves knew nothing
about steam engineering, but he had specific know-
ledg-e to a very high deg-ree, as to the motions of the

valves and piston, because he had opened the valves
probably several thousand times. The- owners
of the engine had 100 ])er cent more know-
ledge of steam engineering and science. What
was the cause of the first valve operator now called
the eccentric ? It was the application bv the boy of
an inventive principle — a mental inventive principle.
This is natural. An invention is a mental product,
and not an eng-ineering, nor scientific, nor mechani-
cal product. He applied an inventive priiiciple,
namely, what may be called the automatic principle,
which by its application by all sorts and conditions
of men has produced hundreds of valuable inven-
tions. This is not the only inventive principle
which the writer has established as permanently
upon facts as any principle in science or mechanics.
The man who knows these inventive principles and
seeks for places for their application has a wide
field for experimental invention and will find manj-
departments where he needs specific knowledg-e, and
he will more than ever appreciate and realize the
value of books, engineers and scientists as store
houses for such knowledge, and besides will believe
that invetition is a science and an art even at this
early day comparable with physciolog-y or physics.

The catalog-ue of the exliibit of the Peiuisvlvatiia Railroad
Company at the tVorld's F air. has been received. To brietly cat-
alogue the e.xtensive exhibit of this great railway requires 15.S
pages, 7x1. Those who visited the exposition will remember
the magnificent exhibit made by the Pennsylvania svstem. now
claiming, with assurance of iustification. to he the " standard
railroad of America." Xo World's Fair librart" will be C'tni-
plete without a copy of the Pgnnsvlvaiiia catalogue,

Needed Changes in the Ratent Law.

Realizing the necessit\ ‘.f .-‘.me railica) ■■ hang-. -
in the Patent law. the American .V--. .ri,-iti‘ m .f lii-
ventfjrs and Manufacturers, thrnugh it- Li-c i-hi' i V'
Cimimittee. urges the passage of tlu bill u..w p. ■.<)-
ing- before the Hoiisc Committee on P.it'-ut.-. Tl; -
bill provides for tv,-o very importan' ai'<l:'i-‘Us ' .
the I’atent law.

1. It alters the (.resent ])rovision - of Secti.iii 4s-7
permitting an .Vmcrican ap])licant to tile hi-, apj.fi-
cation in the I.'nited States and then go .-ibf'.ai'
freely and secure his (.atents without fear th.it hi-
American patent will be afi'ected by any jiatent- h.-
may (irocure in other C(.iuntries.

2. Under the existing state of the law a (rn’ent
owner’s rig-ht to recover for infring-emont “f hi- (lat-
ent in cases where suit i- n .t broug-ht until aft.-r
the e.X]iiration of the jiatent. is almost worthless, f..]-
the reason that he cannot sue in e<(uity at all. and
at law he can only recover such actual damage as he
can show he himself ha- suffered. He cannot re-
cover (.>n.ifit.s as such. It is (inqiosed to chang-e the
law relating t<.i this subject and (irovide that the
(latentee may sue at law and recover (irofits and
may sue in equity after the expiration of his (latent
and recover (irofits.

.5. Fnder the act of 1SS7 an infring-er must be -ued
within the district of his residence, a cor(ioration in

tlie state of its or-
ganization. This
(irovisic ill is full of

vexation and diffi-
culty and the (ires-
ent bill (iro(i' -^s to
alter it by (lermit-
ting- a suit to I e
brought against an
infring-er wherever
he or it has a [I'.ace
of business.

4. Much animosi-
ty against tl;e pat-
e 11 t system h a s
gr.' Wii U]}. ii.'irticii-
larly in the riic.;;
districts of the
West, in conse-
on.'nce of fraur.u-
lent prosecution by
unscru (lulous per-
sons claiming- to be
owners of (latents
who have traveled
through the coun-
try and threatened
suit ag-aiiist farm-
ers and others un-
less a royalty was
(laid u(ion agricul-
tural im(3lemeuts
or Some other a(i-
(iliance .if that na-
ture. In order to
allav this aniuiosi-
tv and gain friends
for the st-stem and
bring- Congress in-.,
to sviiqiathy with
the j)ur()oses of the
svstem, it has been
thoug-ht necessary
to exem(it innocent
jmrehasers of articles for domestic and (irivate
use from suit for infringement until after the
(latent has been sustained in a court of couqie-
tent jurisdiction against the manufacturer of the
(latented article. This change in the law will
g-Q far to g-ain friends for the system and enable the
securing of such (ircwision from the hands of Con-
g-ress as is needed.

Gratifying Indorsements.

The following- are fair sain(iles of the letters re-
ceived daily by Thk Invkxtive Age:

-VS GOOD A.S .SCIENTIFIC .\yiKKIC.VX.

W.VLI’OLI;. X. H.. (March Is.

Inventive Age. \V,i'<hin^on.

Sirs: With the last issue iny subscription t<i y<»ur paper
expired. I think it an excellent paper. If it umg weekly IM
like it better than Seientijie American for '^anie price. It is the
best pa])t‘r I ever toi)k and I tuiclosed 51.35 for it another year
and ct>py of btitik '■*Picture‘»<iue Washinirton."

Akthi k E. (iriLD.

C-VN'T AFKUKD to be WITHOI'T IT.

Ciiic.vtT('), Apr. 10. — * I herewith enclose my check for
52 to renew my subscrijitioii. I cannot affoul to be without
your valuable paper and would like to have you send one to my
residence. Highland l^ark, and the other to my office.

J. C. Anderson.

Pres. Anderson Coke, <las. Power and Reduction Co.

•• That e.xcellent publication is now owned by Marsliall H.
Jewell and Alex. S. Capeharl. both journalist's of approved
capability and lartre experience. The Inventive Age •'

In of especial value to inventors and manufacturers and t>f prime
iiltero^’ to ireneral rtn\der?>as well,“ — Public Opinion,

ANDERSON GARBAt^E CREMATOR.

5. Car emersrinGT from tunnel onto transfer car, 6. Conveyor which removes ashes from car 7. Door for closing entrance to tunnel.

94

THE INVEXTIVE AOE

SUGGESTIONS FROM A FINANCIER.

The Relation of Financial Investments to F*atent
Rights Explained.*

GKNTI.EMEX OF THE IXVKNTOKs' ASSOCIATION.—
You can readih' understand the euibarrassinent un-
der which a man labors in dealing with (juestions
regarding which he has only a limited knowledge, in
the presence of those who are experts both in theory
and practice. However, desiring to show m_v ])er-
sonal appreciation of your invitation and of the fact
that “Washington has been selected as the place where
so important an association should hold its conven-
tion, I have undertaken to discuss the interesting
suliject of patents for inventions, from a tinancial
standpoint. With this object in view. I called
upon 1113' old friend “Business.’' for the ])urpose of
obtaining from him information which would enable
me to speak upon the topic assigned me. In mv ex-
]ierience I hav'e found no source from which more
reliable information can be obtained. Fortun.atelv,
this morning I found this king of enterprise and de-
velopment uncommonU' at leisure, and u])on making
known 1113" errand, he said it would give him ])leas-
ure to show me some ot the occupations which were
carried on under his auspices, and to make ain’ ex-
planations I might require regarding anv of them.,
lie went on to sa3' that he had
realU’ become exhausted from
over-exertion during sever.al
vears last past and was taking a
little rest, waiting for new legis-
lation which aiipeared to be
impending, and which would
determine his action with refer-
ence to curtailing or extending
man3' important branches of in-
dustrv. One of his greatest
troubles, he continued, is with
the Congress of tlie United
States : so maiu' new members
of C'migress c.'ime from the peo-
])le to whom they have promised
reforms and improvements with-
out ])ro])er rellection or a correct
understanding of the subjects
to which these promises relate,
and inan3' bills are introduced
and sought to be enacted into
law, which not onlv peiqilex and
annoy me, but have brought
about such a st.ate of susjiense as
to com])el me to close mv facto-
ries and to susjiend business en-
terprises, and to stop both bu ving
and selling until Congress ad-
journs or a decision is reached.

In fact, I do not know exactU'
where I shall st.and at th;it time.

You know, said he. tliat I sjieak
of mvself as reiiresenting tlie
interests of the wliole American
peo])le. and not from ain' parti-
s.in or seltish stanilpoint. I shall
illustrate this to you more fullv
in reyiU’ing particular^’ to 3’our
iiuestion as to 1113- relations to
the jiatent svstem. The I’atent
()flice itself has grown with the
business of the countiw', from the
same small beginnings, and has
become the head(piarters of a
vast system, the details of which
are ingrown ;ind inextricablv
inv(.)!ved in all the business of thie
countiw'. Although its conduct
is regulated 1)3’ the laws
of general government, it

has never been and is not now supported by the gov-
ernment, but by the labors and 1110:163’ of thousands
of inventors and of business men co-operating with
the inventors. The opinion verv generalU’ prevails
that inventors are a visionarv set of men who are
Xiossessed of the ideas g’enerated 1)3' them, which
ideas the3’ must work out from the sources of their
own inspiration, without reg-ard for the pecuniaiw'
consequences or hoiie of reward, or jiossibilitv of
failure. Nothing can be further from the truth.
Undoubtedh' there is a certain enthusiasm in the
work of a real inventor, just as there is in the work
of everv man who has anv s])ark of the genius re-
quired for the conception, develo])uient and perfec-
tion of new ideas— and without this enthusiasm all
his efforts would be fruitless — but it is the hojie of
reward that sustains him. The jiroof of this is the
fact that he invariabh’ comes to the Patent Office to
procure from the g-overnment a certificate of exclu-
sive right for the limited period of 3’ears which the
law grants him, and until some one can point out to
me, an3’ considerable number of unpatented inven-
tions which have benefitted the country during the

*Paper read before the American Association of Inventors
and Manufacturers at 'Washing-ton. D. C., January Kith. 1804, by
Erainard H. Warner, President Washingfton Board of Trade.

3’ears in which the iiatent S3’stem has been in force,
it will be impossible to believe that these inventors
have not been siiurred on 113’ the hope of reward. No
genius, great or small, works nowada3’s in an3’ other
wav. Tlie ver3’ poets whose genius is lit up 113’ the
divine Hame and who soar altogether above 1113’ level,
and are supposed to utterU’ ignore, if not to scorn
all consideration of business, even these, I notice,
are very particular to have the result of their genius
and lalior carefulU’ cop3’righted. So the inventor,
who is a genius, (if not a poet) and creates new
things, is of the earth eartliA’ and, however high he
ma3’ tower in fame, has his feet on a substantial pe-
cuniary basis, and walks among that class of men
with whom I am concerned. He is one of us. The
prospect of ro3’alties is the star that lures him on
through davs and nights of toil, and cheers him in
his discouragements. It was that which sustained
and cheered Goodvear, while in ])overt3’ and hunger,
discouragement and distress. He sought the hard
rubber, which when found, was the true jihilos-
(ipher's stone, and more valuable and more beneficial
to mankind than anv the old iihilosophers ever
sought. It was that which sustained Morse while he
harnessed and xiut to work the lightning with which
Franklin only x'layed. It was that which buoved up
Watt, Stevens(.)n and Arkwright, and the hosts of
others who have realized the vision of the pnqiliet
and put the sjiirit of a living thing in the wliecls of
machincrv, and have gone far towards redeeming

JIKAINARI) H. WARNER.

toiling man from drudgery, and have brou.ght within
the reach of all, articles of dailv use, formerly onlv
the luxuries of the rich. (Here it seemed to me that
the old gentleman was waxing somewhat eloiiuent,
and not knowing to what heights he might soar, I
thought it ju'udent to interject an inquiiA’ 1)3’ wa3’ of
calling him down, so I asked if in all his 3’ears of ex-
])erience he had not found that business men, his
followers, were ver3’ largel3’ and directh’ concerned
in the development of patents). CertainU’, he con-
tinued, almost all inventions require a great deal of
monev in the making, at least nearU’ all inventions
which are of an3’ value to man a new machine or an
iuqirovement in a machine, or a new article of man-
ufacture. It is not invented until it is made ; the in-
vention of a new machine reipiires that the machine
be built, and it takes machiner3’ to make a machine,
a shop and workmen, and materials, aud these cost
mone3’. It also requires machineiW’ to make an ar-
ticle. One cannot tell whether a machine or an
article is reallv .good until it is made. In fact, thou-
sands of inventions in machines and articles, after
all the 11101163’ is expended ujion them, prove value-
less. All the 11101163’ required in the making of in-
ventions must be furnished by the capitalist or the
manufacturer, or the owner of the machine shoji.

Further, after the invention is made, perfected
and demonstrated to be of value, it must be manu-
factured on a commercial scale in order to be avail-
able and brought to the attention of the appropriate
users, or put upon the market. Articles of manu-
facture must be made in quantities, and proper ma-
chinerv for making them must be sujiplied. All this
requires 11101163’, and often in veiw’ large amounts.
Now ca])ital, whether it be in the form of cash, or
shops, or machinery, is constitutionalU’ careful; if
it were not it would soon cease to exist. It repre-
sents care, saving’ and prudence, wisdom and fore-
sig’ht, and will not move unless there is a prospect of
increase. It is utterU’ unlike the rolling stone which
gathers no moss. Now, there is this peculiar char-
acteristic of an invention, as an object of invest-
ment. Whatever may be the abstract right by
which man is entitled to his own ideas, the moment
the3’ become known to the world the3’ become pub-
lic propertv, unless protected 113’ special provision
of law. This special provision is the ])atent law
which gives inventors the exclusive right to their
inventions for a limited period of 3’ears. If the in-
ventor, therefore, has procured a certificate of this
legal ri.ght, he has something to sell which caiiital-
ists can bin’, something concrete, tangible and sub-
stantial: otherwise the capitalist would be invited to
bin’ mere air. Or, to i)ut the matter in the form of
illustration: If a new machine were offered to the
capitalist as an investment for his capital to manu-
facture or to use in the competition of business, and
there were no such right of propert3’, suppose he
should .give the inventor mone3’ for his idea, or
should, at large ex|)ense, build a shop and stock it
with machinein’ for the purpose of making the in-
vention and develojiing it into a praotical and prof-
itable form, and after he has sxient his mone3’ in
this wa3’, an3’ one could step in and begin where he
left off and manufacture, without license from him,
on equal terms, all the investment would then be
lost: and no prudent man would make a large outla3’
on such conditions. But it a capitalist who is asked
to develop an invention, to introduce it to the x'l'l’"
lie and create a demand for it, knows that he will
have the exclusive ri.ght, for seventeen years, of that
improvement, then the additional gains due to the
inqirovement will be sufficient to justifx’ the invest-
ment of his monev and the risk which he ma3’ incur.
As a matter of fact, four-fifths of the manufactur-
ers (.)f the coimtr3’ have been more or less engaged
in the m.-iking of ])atented inventions, and the busi-
ness relating to it would not have been developed at
all under jireciselv the same conditions, without the
protection of ]>atents. Tlie old sax’ing that “Money
makes the mare g’o” has been chan.ged, and now it
reads, “Monev makes the machinerv go.”

What has been done under the joint efforts of the
inventor and capitalist surpasses the X30ssibilit3’ of
tellin.g and in this countr3' alone surpasses concep-
tion of the broadest and best informed mind, and it
is due solelv to the fact that the law has held out to
the inventor and to the capitalist the ho])e of reward.
It is this ho|)e that stimulates and brings C)Ut almost
all effort, and it is all so familiar to ns that, like the
air we breatl.e, the ma.gnilude or value of it does not
even impress us. It has become habitual to send our
thoughts with lightning speed from city to city, and
from country to countri’, and we realize the dream
(.if the [loet and “ jnit a girdle around the earth in
thirtv seconds,” without knowin.g what is done.

If we could stand on some .great elevation and look
down u])on the whole vast stretch of this countr3’ at
once, and see the network of railroads, with trains
coursing thereon from town to town, from ocean to
ocean, and over ;ill the intermediate space, we
slu.uild even then only faintH’ conceive the vastness
of it. It is a mighty svstem of arteries and veins in
which the life blood of civilizati(.in courses. It is the
ver3’ life and essential condition of business. Yet
on everv fi.iot of the road, and in ever3’ jiart and
jiiece of eveiA’ train and locomotive, there is the work
of the inventor, aided by capital and the skill of the
busine.ss man. We talk about the great armies of
Eurojie, and we have a standing arm3' more wonder-
ful and more beneficent and more obedient to will.
It is the army of harvesters, whiich in divisions and
brigades, on the great farms, and in squads and files
on the smaller, .stands alwa3’s ready for action, and
at the sound of the harvest horn. Beginning at the
South and jirocecding northward, it moves in a
mighty line of battle, extending over a thousand
miles. In front of it are the waving- grain fields ;
behind it lie the scattered bundles. No army of
living- men could be organized, or sustained or kept
ready and obedient for such work as this. If this
arm3’ of machines were swept out of existence, the
grain fields would x>erish ungathered, a calamity in-
conceivable. Yet all this has been accomplished by
the combined efforts of the inventor ami business
man.

What shall I sa3’ of all that great host of textile
machines, some of which, with quick steel fingers,
knit ten thousand stitches a minute, and sliajie gar-
ments as if with instinct, with'intelligence; of looms
that weave unattended, and ornament the web with
a small nap, or adorn it with figures and flowers of
the brightness of a garden. The shops are full of

TTirC INVKXTTVH AOK.

05

these machines, and tlie wonderful machinery un-
erring’ly selects from the wilderness of varied col-
ored shades, threads and interwe aves them into pic-
tures of fruits or flowers, and all the shapes that the
artist’s ej-e can conceive. The shops all over the
manufacturing' portions of this countr3' are full of
these. The skill of the machine surpasses in accu-
racj' and in nicetv of action the most skilled ting-ers
of the best trained workman. The innumerable and
subtle ting'ers, which from the warp of sun beams
and woof of showers, weave the g-reen and flower-
decked carpet of the spring- time, are no more deft
or busv than the Angers of steel which the inventor
has created, and which work daih' in all our facto-
ries, untiring and uncomplaining'-, willing'- and obedi-
ent. Their work Alls the stores and markets with
soft fabrics, with gauzy lace, with l)rilliant hued
carpets, and with all that luxury- and necessity- de-
mand, and ill abundance. The}' descend to the
houses of the poor and have transformed luxuries
into articles of common use. Three hundred j-ears
ag-o knitted silk stockings were considered a At pres-
ent for Oueen Elizabeth, and now von can bu_v them
for S2.0() a pair. In fact, machiner}- has done more
for the poor man than the rich, who could alwaj's be
supplied — patient hands and innumerable toil for
theni : but until the inventor, and his help-mate, the
business man, stimulated bj- the beneAcent patent
system, had come into the held, the p<jor toiled for
the rich and noliod}- toiled for the poor. Now the
machines work for them and the rich alike. For
less labor the poor have more, a g-reat imin-ovement
on old conditions when the poor went barefooted
and half clad. Now shoes and stockings are wait-
ing for the humblest lad.

The ])rimal curse of labor and drudgery never
began to be lifted before invented macliinery was
produced for the lieneAt of mankind. And with
what labor, what care and what anxious thoug'htall
this has been brought forth. The history of very
man}- of the inventions now in common use, and
which have become almost necessities, would, if
written, seem as strang'e as Action. In one of the
musty Patent (IfAce reports issued by Commissioner
Holt is the story of the inyention of hard rubber.
Goodyear had labored for j-ears, he had s])ent every
dollar which he jiossessed and all the money of those
who had faith in the idea, but even that was ex-
hausted. His famil}' were reduced to want : the po-
tatoes in his little g-arden were dug half g''r(.)wn to
satisfy the cravings of hunger of himself and his
wife and children. One day he stood with the soft
ball of India ruliber. mixed with suliihur, and over-
come b}- a rush of despair, he flung the ball into the
open Are-place, and as he watched it simmering- on
the coals, the impulse of his chang'ing mood led him
to rescue it. The heat had accomplislied the work
eind he stood holding in his hands the acliievment
of his life-time : there only remained to lie ascer-
tained by easy exy)eriment the amount of heat which
was retptired. The same <.iut-line of painful effort,
disappointment, failure and ultimate success, might
be told of hundreds of others, and there have been
thousands who have labored and suflered in the
same cause without acliieving- success, other than
that of laj'ing the foundation for those who should
come after them with better fortune.

Yet in the face of all this beneAcence, felt in every
home, on every farm and in every shop, as universal
as the air, due solely t<.) the patent system, there
have been, and are now, enemies of the s^-stem
amongst the vcrj- peoi)le wluj have been beneAted.
A desire to get something for nothing, manifested
in clamors for the adoption of wild Anancial schemes,
is manifested ag-ainst the patent system. I noticed
onl\' a few da^-s ago one of a long series of these at-
tacks. Mr. Morg'an introduced a bill into the Senate,
which, while ostensibly attacking trusts and monop-
olies, is really a blow at the patent system. Among
other things it proyides :

“ No injunction shall hereafter be granted in any
suit in equity brought to restrain the infringement
of anc' patent for an invention, when it shall appear
that the patent sued upon is owned or controlled by
or used in aid of an}' comVjination in the form of a
trust or otherwise, or of any conspiracy in restraint
of trade or commerce among the several states, or
with foreign nations, or when it shall appear that
such suit is brought by or in aid of or at the expense
of such combination.”

This bill is aimed especially at one particular kind
of property, viz : that created by the inventor and
vested in him. or his leg-al representatives by force
of law. The trust or monopoly holds every kind of
property eiud could obtain an injunction, or other
legal process, to restrain any trespasser from unlaw-
fully appropriating or damaging- such property ; but
this particular kind of property was sing-led out and
struck at.

My venerable friend held my attention unabated,
as he had grown eloquent which I had never wit-
nessed in his sedate and matter-of-fact demeanor
before, and I observed that he appeared to be a little
out of breath, and I apprehended that I mig-ht have
occupied too much of his valuable time, s(.> I bowed
myself out with thanks, and with my notes went
from there to the Patent OtAce.

I found there one thing- which interested me very
much - a schedule of the number of patents and de-
signs, classified by states. I noted in this that 2,-
122 patents were issued in 1S92 to residents of M;iss-
achusetts and only 40 to South Carolina: 3,‘1()7 to
citizens of New York and 3 to Wyoming- Territ'jry ;
that in Connecticut one ])atent was received in every
1,018 people ; in Mississijjpi one to 20, OOP : in Califor-
nia one to 1,000 : in North Carolina one to 21,000 : in
Utah Territory one to 8,000 ; in Illinois one to 1,000.

It struck me (and I had never thought of it before)
that where education was most general amongst the
masses, inventors were the most numerous.

This matter of invention is no haphazard affair.
It is the work of trained minds the most beautiful
bloom and the Anest fruit of the best culture. Men
educated and mentally trained have worked most in-
tellig'-ently and with the best efl’ect in the production
of new ideas embodied in material forms, exactly as
in the production of new ideas in purely intellectual
and moral Aelds. And in the material forms they
have been no less co-w(.irkers with the Hivine Wiil
than moral and relig-i(_)us reformers. For these in-
ventors have co-operated to make the earth more
habitable and more productive, the conditions of life
more favorable and life itself more manly and freer
and ni(.)re desirable. Doubtless the improved C'jii-
ditions brought about by the relief from drudg-ery
afforded by improved machinery have reacted and
also promoted increase of education.

Y'hen, therefcjre, we consider all the blessings of
mankind which have been produced!)}' the inventor,
and which are due to our patent system, we should
be conArmed in the resolution to do all we can to
maintain that system and ti.) g'ive the inventor all
the reward that belong-s to him. We are reminded
of our indebtedness to him almost everv day of our
lives. When we ste]) into a Pullman car. Atted with
every convenience for comfort and pleasure and
safety, and are whirled rapidly through a vast ter-
ritory dotted with manufactories, green with for-
ests. yellow with golden grain, or alive with mining
enterjn'ises, we see the result of the inventor’s ef-
forts. We see the same upon the decks of the ferrv-
boats and in the great steamships, in electric motors,
driving machinery or impelling- ctii's, and insolving-
the problem of street and interurban transportation;
and while dis])lacing the clumsy and slow old stag-e
coach, with its drivers and horses, and furnishing a
quicker and more com fortable transportation, atthe
same time it furnished employment for men and
horses in other Aelds, thus saving labor and better-
ing its results without diminishitig employment.
We shall see at every step the inconsistency of ,'inv
political effort to create a feeling between labor on
the one hand and capital and tlie inventor on the
other. We "shall see and appreciate the merits of the
inventor when we note the transportation of the
great crops of the West — swiftly and economicallv
carried from held to market.

IMost notably we shall see this benefit in the South,
and it is proAtable to call attention further to the
beneAts which the South has received at the hands
of the inventor.

By the introduction of Whitney’s cotton g-in, the
production of cotton rose in eig-ht years from 130,-
000 pounds to 18,000. 000 p(.)unds, and in 1850 it reached
2,441,000.000 pounds. The invention of Whitney was
of incalculable benetit to the South in particular, and
generally to the world. It is in use today substan-
tially as he invented it. It beneAtted others, but
not himself.

M'hatever we wear reminds us of the inventor.
The fly shuttles and spinning- machines of Har-
g-reaves and Arkwrig'ht made possible the great fac-
tories of the North and East. (Our gratitude should
be stirred, if we pro])erly reflect, whetiever we read
the daily pajser, made jiossible in its present cheap-
ness and enormous extent by the Webb Perfecting
Press, due mainly to Mr. Hoe. We are reminded of
our debt to the inventor when we teleg-raph t(j dis-
tant cities, or speak through the telephone — in fact,
every day, and almost every hour of (jur lives.

This great obligation, due to those who have la-
bored and freely risked their capital, may be dis-
charg'ed by up-holding the systetn which has pro-
duced all this : by defending it against attack ; by
explaining its merits and by giving due tribute of
praise to -those whose achievements have illustrated
it.

The history of our country gives high place to the
statesman and soldier, to those who have participated
in its legislation and conquests, whose oratory or
prowess have given them prestig-e during- their day
and g-eneration. They are perpetuated in l)ronze
and marble and are the heroes whose e.xamples are
set as worthy of imitation. But can their achieve-
ments in any wise compare with those of the inven-
tor and manufacturer, who have firrnished to the
whole world arts and sciences, which have beneAted
and improved mankind, have given a new im])etus
to civilization — have chang-ed the rude hut of the
aboriginal to the comfortable home of the prosper-
ous citizen, have set their sails on all waters, and
exchang-ed the g-oods of every clime, have thrown
up, as if by magic, from Aelds and prairies, great

cities, and furnished bread, education and ])rolection
to their occu])ants ?

Tlie day is not far distant when the world will
g-ladly seek to do justice t'l such eminent jiioneei's in
discovery as Bell, Edis<m ;ind (i.'itling of our (<wn
membershi]). and will decorate them with the'lau-
relsof victory and g-i atitude. and foremost in askin;.;
for this will lie the champions of business.

Pleased With the “Inventive Age.’’

on, n r to in-, I'kosi'I'kocs.

CiiiCAf.o, If, I... April 17.--\Vi* luivp rpccivt-d a c^p;, oj thp
* J..* whicli w'p have ruad with i/riGil iiiiprp'sl. It i- a

pajiiT and doi ^food work. It outrlii to ht- vt-ry pro-pt-rtai--.**

’^’our's truly.

li.VKNItAKr lh<0. vS: S PI N I » 1, J . K .
i-ivi: I'oK ONI-:.

Si’KiNOFiKLi). M.\ss.. .\])ril is, am nior«* than ]dpa''»'d with
your Hia^^azi lu*. It yivps fivedollars worth for otu.* dollar fv»-ry
yuar." Kusppctf Lilly, etc..

J. Xl-AVLO.Ml-.K.

AN i:xci:lei-:nt kxpe.\nation.

Xi:w OKI). Conn.. April lo.- -’’Havu had ihi- jilfaxun- of

n-adintr instructive ariicleoii Modern Type 001111)0^11 inn. con-
tained in t he current 11 u mber of the In vkn i i vi-: A<, i.. ^'ou do-
serve credit for your t*.\cellent exjtlanalion on the •subject.**

Veiy Respectfully.

JOSHT’A AIH)^•.

iiv ir IS ki:commi:ni)i-.|),

n.-\LTi-MOKi-;. April 12.- ** Yf>ur pajx'r to hand. I think

the paper a trood one. and it shriuld be well patronized by tht*
public. I recommend it. Tirst : It reaches out and Lfi ve> irood
IhouLThts to its readers. Secondly: It is instructive to the
youiiir. It is composi’d of ffood sensible readiiifr and nothintr
else." You rs trul v.

T. \V. J. Gieliam.

Nor TOO TKCHNICAL.

II AR FFOKi*. Conn.. Ajiril 3. — “I like your matrazine very much.
It is not too scientific aiul technical for the averayo reader, and
youn<r mechanics appreciate it. T like those articles of Prof.
Li‘wis.“ Yours, etc..

Johnson Xf:vins.

A THOKoron akticlf:.

Yokk, April 20. — ’’Your Ajiril issue was cerlainlv a verv
creditable juiblicatioii. The exliaustive article on Linotype
Coniposiiiir Machines was very complete, impartial, andiiniel v.\

Yours truly.

Phil. T. Dodof:.

Pre.sident Merg-anthaier Liiiotyjie Co.

AN I'XCKLLFNT ARTICLE.

IJosroN. Mass.. April lo. — "The leadi ny article on modern
type composition in your April i'^sue has been read and com-
mented on freely by the craft as well as machinists, and is con-
ceeded to be the best and most comprehensive that luis ap-
peared in print.*' Yours truly,

Pf:kcy n. S. Thayek.

Hostoii Ilti'ald.

EXCELLENT ALL AKOt'ND.

Fargo, X. Dakota. April 18. — '“lam in receipt of the April
number of the Invf:ntive Age. The paper is excellent in con-
tmils and a]ii>earance." Yours Truly,

S. S. Lyon.

The April number of the Inventive Age contains the most
exhaustive and profusely illustrated article on type-composiuir
machines ever published. It answers, in an e.xplanatorv wa\ .
every i[uestion the publisher and printer would likely ask re-
irardiiig" type-composinje- machim‘s. — AVt:.' I'oi k W'orUi.

That Defective Armor Plate.

The defective armor-plate.s shipped by the Carne-
g-ie Company to the national government have been
the cause of considerable gossip, and the usual news-
paper cataract of mud and abuse. Conjecture has
had the usual free use of printers’ ink. and animos-
ity has had a delightful o])portunity to prejudice
jmblic opinion. Facts have been manufactured like
bottles, to l)e on sale to-day, and Ijroken to-morrow.
Truth, like the traditional needle in a stack of tim-
othy, has been hard to find, and until this is located,
all prejudging and conjecture is simplv on ])ar with
guessing- the number C)f ])eas in a p<id. To anv fair-
minded man it is not reasonable to suppose that the
Carnegie Company would connive at tricking- the
g-overnment and jeopardize their re])utatioti and bus-
iness by a few defective plates. This would be sell-
ing- Esau’s birthrig-ht for less than a mess of ])ottag-e.
That a trick has been played on the company for
purposes of rev'enge is possible, yet not fair to as-
sume without evidence. It may rather turn out to
be an instance of oversig'ht or carelessness. Inves-
tigation will probably remove the skin from the sore.
It is, however, by no means com])limentary to the
manners of the times that even a nation.'il reputa-
tion is no protection against scandal mongers, ring-
sters, conspirators or even such small fry as the po-
litical or commercial sucker. — Age of Steel.

Push for Business.

It is certainly true, says Iron and Trade Rei'iew.
that the manufacturers who have i^ushed hardest for
business in the months of depression are the ones
who have had most to do. On the other hand, those
who have made little effort to get orders, on the as-
sumption that “ nobody has any money to buy any-
thing with anyhow,” as we have heard some lacka-
daisical people put it, have been taken at their word.
If it is true in any line of activity that ” all things
come to him who waits,” the aphorism has no truth-
ful foundation in the world of business.

96

Article IV of International Convention of 1883

B.v Examin'kk F. a. Seely, U. S. Patent Office.
[Conclusion of paper read before I’alent Congress at Chicago.]

II.

The provision tliat any one wlio has hied an a])-
plication for patent in one country of the union shall
by virtue of such apiilication enjoy a period of ])ri-
oritv in all the other countries arouses at once an
inquiry as to the nature and effect of the proposed
priority. A mere prior date of application means
next to nothino- in this country. Elsewhere it means
much. Under sY'stems which regard the hrst appli-
cant as the inventor it means everY-thinr : and, since
the conventiim was framed for such systems, it fol-
lows that the intent was to fl’C ri,qht to a jiat-

ent in all the union to him who has hrst made an ap-
plication in one country, provided he presents apj li-
cations in the others within the jieriod named. It
was to preserve ri^'hts which but for the convention
were forfeited by compliance with the laws of the
country where ajjjflication was hrst made.

Eet it not be h.ir.qotten that this forfeiture of ri^ht
is bv no moans the result of the ap[)lication for [lat-
ent : it results from the [lublicity fciven to the inven-
tion by law after ajqilication. which, beinj^ tlie uni-
versal practice in Eurojie, led to confusion of the
a])])lication with the [lublication. The invention
lost its novelty when once f^iven to the jiublic, and
therefore became un jiatentable in one country as
soon as made public in another, thou.yh this was not
done bv the act of the inventor but by the operation
of law. The convention was framed exclusively in
view of such conditions. It was the intention to
<j[ive the inventor a certain [leriod for filing' his for-
eign ajiplicatioiis after taking the steq) in his own
country t!:at would vitiate such a[)plication, and the
[leriod was fixed to run from the deposit of the ap-
[ilication, which was the inventor's own act, and the
date of which was clearly given, instead of from [lub-
lication, which fulhiws a])[)lication, is not his act,
but of the government, and whose date is not so def-
initely fixed. Some trouble was saved by this de-
termination, and it makes little difference in fact to
the inventor where the two dates do not widely difler.
Hut. in fixing this date for the commencement of the
[leriod of [iriority, the princi[ile was lost sight of
that it is the [lublication of th.e invention that invali-
dates a subsequent a[iplication abroad, and not the
de[)osit of the a[i[ilication. So long as the [lublic
has not ac([uired knowledge of the invention, the in-
ventor's rights arc not iiiqiaired, whether his writ-
ten s[)eci fication lie in his own desk or in the secret
archives of a government bureau, as has long been
known to American inventors who have a[i[)lied for
[latents abroad while their domestic a[iplications
were [lending, before international conventions were
thought of.

The literal tenor of article IV is therefore in the
direction of abridging the rights of American inven-
tors. It enlarges the rights of the inventors of other
countries within each other's territory, but the Amer-.
ican, trying to secure advantage from it elsewhere,
finds himself cut off from the [irivilege that without
this provision is o[ien to him. It is not to be con-
cluded tliat he would be better off if no such conven-
tion existed, since he may always ignore its exist-
ence, and tile his a[iplication in other lands just as if
it had never been framed. To Americans its liene-
lits are altogether illusory, and by becoming a [lartY'
to it our government has helped to ensnare many a
confiding inventor.

Equally illusory are these benefits to the foreigner
seeking [irotection in the United vStates. The seven
months allowed him from his first ap[)lication within
which he may file an ap[ilication in this country is
no privilege conqiared with the practically indefinite
period he already enjoys under the law, since neither
an application abroad, nor [)ublication abroad, nor
[lublic use abroad, nor an existing patent abroad,
can bar the grant of a patent to the true inventor.
The ap[)licaut who does not make it appear that in
his own belief that he is the inventor, is forever
barred bj' that fact. But nothing can bar an inven-
tor but jHiblic use of the invention in this country
two years prior to his application, or an expired pat-

THE lEVEN'nVE AOE,

ent in a foreign country. Compared with this broad
liberalitY- the privilege of filing a valid application
for seven months from his a[)plication at home is
scarcely worth considering.

But Article IV gives the alien patentee not only
the privilege of making a valid application during a
fixed period, but with it a [privilege of priority. In
other words it gives him a C[uasi date of a[5plication
the same as the date of application at home. Since
under our law the date of invention is held to be that
of reduction to practice in this country, the date of
filing the American a[)[)lication by a foreigner is now
held to be his date of invention ; but this provision
of the convention is to enable him to carry his date
back six or seven months [)rior to the disclosure of
the invention in the United States. This is of no
consequence e-xcejit in the case of an interference,
when in an active art a matter of a few months or
even days may be of great iuqiortance ; but the [iro-
vision is not consonant with our law, and cannot be
made so without a radical amendment.

And so, while the s[nrit of Article IV, and of the
wlude convention, is clearly one of beneficence to
the inventor, the full results of its beneficence are
not yet attainable. In losing sight of the object
[irominent at the outset, to [irevent a [latent being
vitiated in one country by reason of [irior publica-
tion in another, and in framing the convention so as
to minimize the fact of publication and e.xaggerate
the fact of application, its value for Americans was
[iractically nullified, and a new princi[jle introduced
at variance with its beneficent purpose. Fortu-
natelj' Americans can ignore it, can [iroceed as if it
did not exist ; but, if they are led into attenqiting
to avail themselv'es of its provisions, thej' are forced
to the concession that their rights abroad are vitia-
ted by a circumstance which has never had tliat
effect under any system of [latent law.

But with all of its beneficent [lurpose, the conven-
tion makes another mistake, in that itoffers no safe-
guard to the inventor except on the hy[)othesis that
he is the first to present an a[)plication. The favors
of Article IV are all for the first applicant, no ques-
tions being asked as to how the invention came into
his possession. The inventor in England may be
giving the last finishing touches to his machine, in-
tending next week t<i file his a[i[3lication for a [lat-
ent for the complete invention, when he learns that
his neighbor, to whom he has unguardedly exhibited
it, has de[iosited an application for it in France or
tlermany, and so secured the legal title to that which
he has ac([uired only by robbery. But, by the [iro-
visions of Article IV, the inventor has bv this means
not only lost his right in the country in which the
a[iplication has been filed but in all the states of the
international union, who are bound to respect the
rights of the first ;i[iplicant in any of them. Whether
such conditions have occurred cannot now be as-
serted, but the terms of the convention are ada[ited
to [iromote them, and to foster the very injustice to
the inventor that the convention was designed to [ire-
vent.

With this view it is impossible to graft the [irovis-
ions of Article IV iqion the U. S. Patent law, except
subject to the requirement of an oath of invention by
the applicant, and to a provision for determing [iri-
ority of in vention by interference [iroceedings. Un-
der the European system of taking the inventor's
[iro[ierty, and giving him no recovery after the [lub-
lic has once acquired knowledge of it, the most rigid
safe guards should surround the grant of a [latent
to insure the benefit of it to the true inventor : other-
wise [irotection to him is nothing but a delusion;
and in this respect the conv'ention of 1883 is wholly
lacking.

The convention was framed in 1880 and signed by
[ilenipotentiaries of the different countries in 1883.
Sent to the Senate for its action, it met with disap-
[iroval, on the advice of theComniissioner of Patents,
under whose direction, at the request of the Senate,
it was carefully reviewed. But it was not withdrawn
In" the President, and remained before the Senate
till 1887, when it was again taken up aud, on the rec-
ommendation of the Committee on Foreign Affairs,
its ratification advised. The reasons for this change
of opinion in the Senate are not in the possession of

the public, but it is supposed to be due to the provis-
ion of Article V, by which a hard and illiberal fea-
ture of the French Patent Law is materially' modi-
fied to the advantage of foreigners having French
patents.

It may also be assumed that the Senate, in advis-
ing ratification, kept in view the provision of Arti-
cle II, that the citizens of one state were to have in
another only the rights accorded bv the laws of the
latter to its own citizens, and that, as asserted in
Great Britain in res[iect to trade marks, the subse-
quent stipulations of the convention were to be in-
ter[ircted subject to the provision, as in Article XI
they are made subordinate to the enactment of need-
ful laws aud regulations for their enforcement.

In one respect Article IV commands unqualified
ap[iroval. Although it provides no safe guard for
the protection of the inventor against piracj' by' any-
one yvho may succeed in robbing him of his inven-
tion before he files his application for patent, never-
theless it has in contem[ilation the simultaneous pro-
tection of the first inventor in all the countries of
the international union. Criticise and condemn as
yy'e may' its methods and many of its minor stipula-
tions, we cannot refuse the highest praise to its pri-
mary pur[iose. In this y'ieyv the convention is a
great step toyvards the elimination of National boun-
daries in the protection of iny'entors, and toyvards
the creation of one vast commonwealth of yvhich all
the citizens shall be those yvho contribute by their
inventions to the advance of industrial arts. These
are the yvorld's liest benefactors ; and may God S[ieed
the day yvhen their efforts shall be intelligently sec-
onded by' rulers and statesmen, and the [iroduction
of their genius protected alike in all nations, since
all alike rea[i the benefit of them.

Therefore, if the foregoing criticism upon the con-
vention and upon the diplomatic proceedings that
led to the accession of the United States shall seem
harsh to anyone, the writer ho[ics he yvill not be re-
garded as unfriendly to the convention. His y'ieyvs
regarding it are fully knoyvn to those who are en-
trusted yvith the management of the international
bureau, who, though differing with him by reason
of their regarding the subject from a European
point of y'ieyv, hay'e recognized them as friendly and
not hostile. Earnestly desiring the success of the
project and the enjoyment by Americans of all the
benefits it proposes to confer, he sees the impossibil-
ity of this consummation until the cony'ention shall
be modified so as to recognize the special features of
American layv. That the conference at Brussels in
1894 may take the same vieyv he earnestly hopes.
There are signs that point that way ; but to secure
any result those yvho shall be selected to represent
the United States in that conference must be backed
by an intelligent, yvell-defined, and clearly expressed
public opinion in siqiport of their propositions. Such
public opinion if it exists has never made itself man-
ifest; and to this day there is no more ey'idence of
public interest in the international union than there
yvas in 1880, yvhen the iny'itations yvere issued to the
first conference. If this Patent and Trade Mark
Congress, held in connection yvith the great Exposi-
tion yvhich reveals so emphatically the advantages
of the American Patent system, shall lead to the for-
mation and e.xpression of such public opinion, it may
be counted among its most important achievements.

The New Battle Ships.

'File naval stability- bnard has completed and submitted to the
Secretary of the Navy its report upon the stability of thebattle-
shi[)s Indiana. Massachusetts and Oreyon. Practical heeling- or
inclining tests were made to ascertain the behavior of the ves-
sels under all possible conditions of load. The result is highly
gratifying to the department, for it justifies in all respects the
desig-ns of the vessels, and shows that they- are superior to any-
warships afloat of corresponding size. 'Phe calculations of the
bureau of construction when the designs of the vessels were
completed showed that they were to have, with 4(10 tons of coal
aboard and all weights, a total estimated weight of 10.093 tons.
'Phe actual weight or displacement was 10,163 tons, a variation
of only- two-thirds of one [ler cent. The designed draught was
34 feet; the experiments show that it is actually- from 33 feet 11
inches to 34 feet. The e.xcess buoy ancy- was to be 195 tons; it
was actually 136 tons. The metacentric height was to be 3 feet
S'A inches; it was 3 feet 4!4 inches.

In addition to their great work entitled “The Book of the
Fair,” T’.ie Bancroft Company will soon publish the Resources
and Development of Mexico, w-ritten by Hubert How-e Bancroft at
the personal request of President Diaz, who issued a commissi on
to gather fresh material from every- quarter of the republic a nd
aid Mr. Bancroft in every way in the prosecution of the work.

THE IXVENTIVE ^OE.

The Use of Alternating Currents of Electricity.

Recently much has been said about the use of al-
ternating currents, which are rapidU' replacing di-
rect currents on nearly all applications rjf electricity'.
The study of the phenomena of alternating currents
is not easy', owing not only' to imperfect experimental
knowledge of the subject, but also to the intricate
mathematical operations required in applying what
we do know to the best advantage. Some idea of
the principles of the subject may' be given in simple
language, however, and may' be of interest to the
general reader, who is constantly' coming across
such expressions as “ poly'phase ” and " sy'iichro-
nous ” motors, and "step up” and "step down”
transformers.

The earth, as we know from its effect on a com-
pass needle, is an immense magnet, and in our lati-
tude the direction of the mag-netic force is northward,
with a downward dip of about 70 degrees. If we con-
nect a coil of wire- of many' turns with a sensitive
galvanometer, place the coil vertically with its plane
east and west, and suddenly' turn it halfway' around
about a vertical axis, the g'alvanometer needle will
g-ive a kick. If we then g'ive it another half turn
forward to its orig-inal position, there will be another
kick in the opposite direction. As the coil turnes
around the amount of magnetic force passing
through it chang-es, becoming' nothing' when the
plane of the coil is nortli and south, and then in-
creasing in amount but with reversed direction with
respect to the coil (which produces the same eft'ect
as if it diminished while passing through in the
original direction). During the second half turn,
the changes take place in the reverse order, and pro-
duce a current in the opposite direction. Techni-
cally speaking, the coil is said to cut " lines of force.”
and we express the intensity' of the force by the
number of lines. We must remember, however,
that these lines have no ph.ysical existence, but are
merely' directions in space corresponding' to the di-
rection in which a compass needle would point. Far-
aday' discovered the fact that when a conducting' ma-
terial cuts across lines of force an electric current is
produced in it — why no one knows. He called the
phenomenon electro-magnetic induction. The coil
just described, knowti in laboratories as an earth
inductor, is th.e simplest form of alternating'- current
dynamo. Its effects are intensified if the mag-netic
field of the earth is replaced by that of powerful iron
pole pieces, kept mag-netized by' a current flowing
around them. By the addition of ti commutator, the
alternating- currents may' be made to flow in the
same direction in the external circuit, and generally'
also pass around the field magnets and keep them
magnetized. If left as an alternating'- current ma-
chine, during each revolution of tlie coil, which we
may- now call an armature, the current is twice re-
versed in direction, thus sending out waves of elec-
tricity' in the oviter circuit. The time occupied by' a
double reversal is called the period of alternation.
If a large number of alternations per second are re-
quired, instead of turning the armature at a dan-
gerous rate of speed, tlie desired effect is accom-
plished by placing'- around the armature a number of
pole pieces, so that we get an alternation as a coil of
the armature passes through the field due to each
pole piece. By- the dy-namo we transform mechan-
ical energ-\' into electrical energ-y', of course without
possibility' of gain of power, and alway's with some
loss. If the current flows through another machine
exactly' like the first, the armature will be driven
round by' the repulsion between the current flowing'-
through it and its field magnets, and we have a mo-
tor, which restores us our mechanical energv minus
that lost in heating'- the wires and mechanical losses,
such as friction. Any' ordinary' motor will run by
an alternating as well as by' a direct current, but,
there is more waste of power from heating- and other
causes. Besides, an ordinary- motor is not self start-
ing when run by- an alternating current. For such
reasons alternating currents have until recently-
been little used for power, though they- do well
enough for lig'-hting.

But theie are very- great advantages attending the
use of alternating'- currents, the chief one being
e:onomy' of transmission over long distances due to

the smaller wires that can be used under certain
conditions. The power of a current is proportional
to the current strength multiplied bv the electromo-
tive force, or difference of potential between the
terminals. These terms corresjjond to pressure in
speaking of How of water. The power may- be writ-
ten EOT, where E is the electromotive force, C the
current and T the time during'- which it flows. If we
double E we can get the same power from half the
current, and so can use much smaller wires without
dang'-er of heating-. But a difficulty' arises here. It
is hard to make a clvnamo which will give a poten-
tial of 2000 or more volts without burning out, while
it would be desirable in many- cases to use 20,0(J0
volts. This excludes the use of direct current ma-
chines, but alternating'- currents can be transformed
to as hig-h a potential as we please. If one coil of
wire is placed inside or along-side of another and an
alternating current passed throug^h it, an alterna-
ting- current will be induced in the second, just as
in an ordinary' induction coil. If there are 100 turns
in the first and 1000 turns in the second, the electro-
motive force in the second will be ter: times that in
the first : if there are only- 10 turns in the second,
the electromotive force will be one-tenth that of the
first, but the current will be one-tenth, nearly-, in the
first case and ten times in the second — not quite, for
there is some loss of eiierg'-y by- heating. Such an
instrument is called a transformer. A current may
by- such means be g'^enerated at 500 volts, trans-
formed by- a "step-up” transformer to 20.000 volts,
transmitted over a long wire, and broug-ht down by-
a " step down” transformer to 110 volts, say-, for dis-
tribution.

Being now able to secure as hig-h voltag'-es as may-
be desired, it became necessary- to find some means
of using tlie alternating- currents advantag-eously-
for power. As said before, an ordinary- direct cur-
rent motor will run by- an alternating- current, but
it must be started up, until it g-ets in step or "in
phase” with the dy-namo furnishing the current. Op-
posite each pole is a •• dead point,” and if the alter-
nating current passes in the wrong- direction when
the armature coil is near such a point it stops the
motor instead of pushing it on — just as y-ou would
stop a pendulum by- hitting- it in the wrong-- direction
in the middle of its swing-. To keep the pendulum
moving- y'ou must hit it when it is in the proper
" phase” of its swing- and at reg-ular intervals e([ual
to its period of vibration. If a motor is brought up
to the right speed, even if not quite in phase it will
soon catch step and move " sy-nchronously-” with the
dy-namo. but a sudden chang-e of load may- throw it
out of phase and stoj) it. Anoth.er trouble is due to
the fact that we have practically- an oscillating'- mag--
netic field, and there is jarring- and jolting- and
waste of energy- very- much like what we would find
in try-ing-- to use an oscillating- fly' wheel.

AVe need something that moves smoothlv and uni-
formly- like a rotating fly- wheel. A number of men
have found how this may be done, but most credit
for practical realization is probably- due to Xikola
Tesla, the brilliant y-oung- Servian, now a citizen of

this country. In the motor devised by- him there is
no connection whatever between the current which
mag'-netizes the field jheces and that in the armature,
which is simply- a set of closed coils, and is pulled
around by- a rotating magnetic field very- much as
an orange would be swung- around in a whirlpool.
A dynamo may- be nuide with a stationary- armature
and a rotating- field mtignet, and for simplicity- (as
the principle is the same in both cases), the diagram
shows this type.

Eet the first figure represent a dynamo, the sec-
ond a precisely- similar motor. On each there are
four coils on the stationary- armature rings at equal
distances apart, the corresponding ones of the two
machines being connected ; but in practice one of

the wires may be replaced by an earth circuit. A-,
tlie north pole of the dynamo magnet lma•'^^
coil Xo. 1. it induces a current in it. which, pa — ^iiig
through Xo. 1 of the motor, acts as a mag-net and at-
tracts the north jkjIc of the magnet. A siiuilar i f-
fect is going on at coils Xo. .5, with refererice to the
south poles. As the magnet swecqis jiast coil X-., 1
and ajiproaches Xo. 2, the current dies down in the
first and increases in the second, so that the magnet
in the motor is constantly' being inilled forward bv
a newly- made magnetic pole in front of it. while
that it has just passed loses its effect. In other
words we have a " rotating mag-netic field.” whic-h
drag's the movable magnet around with it. Tlu-
currents in the four coils at any- g-iven instant have
a " ph.ase difference ” of one-fourth a period, that F.
the maximum in one coil lag's behind that just be-
fore it by one-fourth the peri'^d of an alternation.
Similarly there may- be three phase and two jihase
motors, and this type is known in g-eneral as a polv-
phase motor.

There are some disadvantages about a polyphase
motor. (Jne is that so many connecting- wires are
required. Another defect common to all alternating
current machines is that when the alternations are-
rapid the current is only- "skin deep.” and heats up
the wires more, requiring- larg-er ones. ^Another is
that a three phase dynamo cannot run a two pliase
machine. On the other hand they are self starting-,
have a steadily rotating- field, and have no commu-
tator and brushes, being- therefore perfectly- free
from sparking. In xjrinciple they- are like transform-
ers with one coil movable. In practice the arma-
ture of the motor is not a mag-net. as shown in tin:
diagram but a closed coil of wire, the induced cur-
rents causing the same eft'ect. *Any conducting-
body- in a rotating- mag-netic field will be whirled
around.

It was shown at the electrical convention latelv
held in AFashing'-ton that the difficulty- in reg-ard to
having a separate dy-namo for each type of motor can
be overcome by- a combination of transformers, so
that a current of any- number of phases may- be
transformed into a current of any- other number or
even a direct current. The polvphase system has
been adopted at Xiagara, a low number of alterna-
tions. 25 per second, being used to diminish heating
effects and other losses. If the Xiag-ara plant proves
to be the success that is expected, alternating cur-
rents will undoubtedly- soon come into general use.

E. I’. Lewi.s.

Aluminum for Lithographic Printing.

Experiments have recently been made with a view
to introducing'- aluminum tcj take the place of Ba-
varian stones for lithographing. The porosity and
jjeculiar absorbing- and retaining'- qualities of the
aluminum are greatly in its favor. Its advantag-es
over the stone, however, and that which renders it
so much more desirable, is its greater lig-htness. for
while a printed sheet of aluminum having- a surface
of 30x40 inches and the fortieth of an inch in thick-
ness weighs only- three pounds, a stone of the same
dimensions weighs at least 400 pounds. As the metal
is now selling in rolled sheets at 51 per jiound, and
a stone of good quality and of weig-ht stated is worth
52, the difference in the price is quite marked. In
consequence of the increasing- demands of the litho-
g'-raphic trade the supply- of the best quality of stone
is rapidly- becoming'- exhausted, while aluminum,
which is obtained from clay, and which is on that
account the most abundant metal on the earth, is
practically inexhaustable. As an illustration of the
contrast presented by the two materials it may be
stated that one ton of aluminum sheets will do the
work nijw performed by- the 2ft0 tons of stone. It may-
be further stated that while the capital invested in
this large supply- of lithographic stone is about 5(ift.-
0i)h, the -[jrice of the one ton of aluminum sheets which
would be required for the same work would be about
52.000. exclusive of the cost of preijaring' the metal
and the necessary- printing- blocks, which would not
exceed 52.000 more. The sjiecimens of printing
done on the aluminum sheets is such that they can
be employed in the finer kiTids of bond printing and
commercial as well as color work. There is one par-
ticular in which the metal is decidedly svqierior to
the stone in its flexibility, which renders it espe-
cially available for cy-linder press printing-, by which
a two-fold or three-fold speed may- be obtained in the
printing process.

IXVEXTIVE AOK.

q8

XHE

Fast Newspaper Printing.

Proliably in no other brancli of mechanical in-
dustry has tiiere been such remarkable progress
during the last decade as in the manufacture of fast
inacliinery for ])rintin,g newspapers. To the unso-
pliisticated the lightning- rapidity with which the
large inetr<i])olitan dailies are turned ont seems al-
most incredible.

The cut jnihlished in this issue gives a fair idea
of one of these reniarkalile machines ; in fact, the
fastest that has been built u]) to the present time.
It prints upon both sides i.)f three continuous webs of
])aper. sui)plied from three
separate rolls, and delivers
the papers folded. ])asted and
even counted in bundles at
the eiKjrmous rate of 96.(1(10
four or six i)ag-e ])apers per
hour ; 72.000 eight i)age pa])ers
per hour; 4S,00() ten or twelve
page pa])ers per hour ; 31), 000
sixteen pag-e ])apers per hour,
and 24,000 fourteen, twenty,
or twenty-four page jiapers
per hour. The jiajjer, of
course, passes through the
machine much (juicker than
the eve can follow. It would
certainly be a great revelation
to any of the old time ]irinters
could they but see the stream
of complete newspaj-iers jxmr-
ing from one of these ma-
chines just think, l.(i00 a min-
ute! ( >ne of these larg-e ma- ^ /

chines has been in constant

oneration at the ot'lice of the New \ (irk Herald
for the past two years, and sijmetimes of a Sat-
urday evening-, when printing tlieir ein.irmous
Sundav edition, this press turns out Jis many
as 4X0,0(10 perfect eight jiage ])apers. It certainly
takes a flight of fancy to imagine such a splendidly
])rinted ])a])erasthe New York Herald coming from
so simple a ]iiece of machiney with this lightning
r.'ipidity. The accuracy and precision with which
e-\-erc-thing is done almost make the (uilookers be-
lieve tlie machine endowed with animation. In fact,
it is more than animated, for no liviigg- creature
C(ju!d take the paper from the roll with such mar-
vellous rajiidity and all without a break; the jiaste
being apjilied at the iiroper place, every told made
\vhere it should be, and the papers cut (.dl from the
web witli g-eoinetrical exactness.

This monster machine (which is called the Sex-
tu])le) contains over Ki.ooo se])arate ])ieces and was
built by (Messrs. R. Hoe vt Co., the celebrated press
m.-inufacturers of New York, who have always been
the acknowledg-ed leaders in their line.

At the sjiecial recjuest of the United States Patent
( b'lice authorities a c(.implete nuidel, (ju a small scale,
was made of this ^iress and -jilaced in the center of
the United States I’atent ( )ffice exliiliit at the
World's Fair ; and considering the ing-eniousness of
construction, the (juality of workmanshi]), and the
results accom])lished bv the machine, was regarded
by them as perhajis the most remarkalile piece of
mechanism jiroduced in this century.

Those win.) visited (Machinery Hall at the World's
Fair will of course remember the Ouadru])le presses
(.m which a small edition of the Chicag-o Daily News
was run off. It is on this style of machine that
nearlv all the ]n-ominent dailies thr(.mghout this
country are ])rinted, as well as those of (Ireat
Britain and Ireland, and even in Australia and New
Zealand these improved presses can be found work-
ing.

Wonderful as are these newspaper machines, it

mits of but mention, for it would take many pages
to do justice to such triumphs of mechanical genius.

An Improved Hay Carrier.

At the Columbian Exposition in Chicago, last year,
inventions relating- to hay carriers and haying
tools cut quite a fig-ure. Among the exhibits was
noticed the displav of (Mr. J. E. Porter A Co.,
of()ttawa. 111.; and now in the list of patents for
Ajiril 24, 1.S94. his name appears, a patent having-
been granted t(.) him (.ni a two part clasping- suspen-
sion hook and a hay carrier carrage adapted for
running- on either straight or curved tracks. The

THE HOE SEXTUPEE PKINTIN(; PRESS,
claims in the patent are, first, f(jr a novel hook made
in two parts f(.ir clasping and suspending the track
from the rafter beam of a barn or (ither structure,
and second, a hav carrier with swivelling mechan-
ism for running- (.in straight and curved tr;icks.
Mr. Porter is an ing-eni(.)us invent(.)r, and has taken
out numerous patents on hay carriers and their
connections. His leading inventions in hay car-
riers are, a rail having- an iqiper bead for attaching-
;iccomodating snspensi(jii hooks, and also, a rail
h.-iving- an ujiper bead f(.ir suspensi(.m hooks, inter-
mediate h()rizont;il flanges f(.ir the wheels of the
carrier to run upon, and a lower l)ead for an adjust-
able knocker filock t(.i be clamped to. Mr. Porter's
Company largep' manfactures various kinds of hay-
ing implements, and stands prominent among'- those
of the Avest engaged in the same business. Re-
cently. a man sjieaking of Mr. Porter said, "I have
known Mr. Porter for twenty-five years and never
saw liim a day when he w.-is not working at some-
thing-." To show the value (jf his inventions last year
his companv made a contract with a firm in the fat-
west for tlie manufacture of several thoustind of his
carriers per annum f(.ir a term of five years, which
])roves that real inventors are rewarded for the ex-
et-cise of theii- g^enius. Mr. P(.irter secured his later
patents through the patent law and soliciting firm
of Mason, Fenwick A Ea^vrence, of Washington,
I). C.

I he Fiscus Stock Rake.

Mr. Adam Fiscus, of Fiscus, Iowa, has invented a
stock rake which f(tr sinqtlicity, inexjiensiveness and
durability commends itself to farmers. The rake is
12 feet wide and constructed with a view of being'-
attached to the re:ir of a farm wagon, the same being

lar.irei- i ii terinediate gear which in turn imparts power to a gear
oil the s|irocket shaft and increases the power at the e.xpense of
speed. Wlien level ground is reached the power gear can be
thrown out and the speed g-ear applied.

The details of tlie construction can readil.v be learned by pro-
.cnringacopv of the patent g-ranted (Mr. -\Vatkins, March 13,
l.S')4. No. 51(i,2«7.

ing same of its engagement when the rake is loaded.
Beyond this the rake is self-operating. The cut
herewith does not show the rake attached to the
hind wheels of a wagon for the reason that this
would hide the rake to a certain extent and the
scheme of attaching will be readily understood Mr.
Fiscus hopes to dispose of an interest in this inven-
tion on its merits, and will more fnll3’ describe his
invention to those interested.

What Seigniorage Heans.

Seigniorage means the difference between the cost
of a mass of bullion and the face value of the piece
coined from it. The purchasing- clause of the Sher-
man act called for the purchase b\' the government
of 4,500,(100 ounces of silver
bullion each month at the
current or market price.
This was paid for by thegi-ov-
ernment in special treasury
notes. As the price of the
bullion ffuctuated the volume
of these notes was never the
same anv month, althoug-h the
amount of bullion purchased
each month was practically-
the same. Fr(.)m July', 1890,
until the repeal of the silver
purchasing act, something
less than $154,000,000 of these
special treasury notes were
issued, and the great mass of
silver bought therewith now
lies in the government vaults.
The bullion would coin 209.-
000,000 of our pre.sent stand-
ard silver dollars, which con-
tain each 371.25 grains of
pure silver. The bullion value
of our silver dollar averaged
81 cents during 1890 ; 7() cents
in 1891 ; (u cents in 1892, and
run d(.iwn to about 60 cents in
1893. and has averaged less
than this during- the first four
months of 1894. At the present market price of silver
bnllion the $154,000,000 treasury notes issued tobuy
bullidii in 1890-91-92-93 would purchase enoug^li to coin
about 300,000,000 standard silver dollars. The bul-
lidii (in hand will coin $55,000,000 standard silver dol-
lars in excess of $154,000,000 treasury notes issued to
inirchase it. The act authorizing the ])urchase of
this bullion g-ave the Secretary- (if the Treasury
power to coin it, and the notes issued for its payment
were made redeemable in either gold or silver. Kun-
ning- at full capacity it wijuld take the government
mints several years to coin all this bullion into dol-
lars. The Bland bill, which jiassed Congress and
w<-is vet(.ied liv the President, intended to exjiand the
circulating- paper currency represented by this mass
of silver from the fiutstanding issue of Treasury-
notes to an amount $55,000,000 g-reater, by- treating
the whole of it as if it were a deposit of coined sil-
ver d(.illars, f<-)r each of which a c(.irresp(-inding paper
dollar should be sent out.

Watkins’ Bicycle Gearing.

Mr. Ei'r Wiitkiiis, (if C(il(irail(i Cili , C(il(irii(l(i, lias succci'dcd
in jii'i id Lici II g Hi(* ingtMiidtis gi-ariiig, sluiww in llio accdiiqianiiig-
ilhislratidii, for (|nickly iucrea'-ing and di nii nisiii ng speed,
(ieai-s df graduated sizes are sn arranged in ciinnectidii with a
li.ind lever tliat they can readil.v lie tlirou-n i n and dut of eii-
gagenieiil by tile rider witliout his having to disnidunl.

On appriiacii i ng a hi 11 the rider c. in operate the hand lever,
,ind I li rnw the small gear dll the drive-slialt iiiUi mesh with a

NVENTtve AGE.

is said Messrs. Hoe A Co. have just finished at their
factory- in New York presses for some of the promi-
nent illustrated weekly periodicals even nn.ire aston-
ishing in their production, the papers coming from
the machine stapled together in book form of
almost any- desired number of pages, and with a col-
ored cover attached. Of these, however, space per-

unconpled, tising the hind wheels only with a tongue
attached. The inventor claims the object of the in-
vention is to provide a stock rake which commends
itself for its simplicity-, effectiveness, ease of ojier-
ation, lack of liability- to get out of repair and cheap
to manufacture. It is claimed that any boy capable
of driving a team can operate it, as all that is nec-
essary- is to jerk the lock lever off the notch releas-

The Baltimore & Ohio Cut=0ff.

The new route of the B. (.% O. Railway through
Harper’s Ferry- necessitated improvements to the ex-
tent of $250,000. Two miles of double track, a tun-
nel 875 feet in length under Maryland Heig-hts and
an iron bridge of nine spans, over 1,00(1 feet in
length, over the Potomac river were built. The old
route and the old bridge have been abandoned.

1' i-i p: t X i£ X T r t: a a e .

()()

PATENT DECISIONS.

Recent Decisions of the Commissioner of Patents
and U. S. Courts.

MOKGAX EXVF.LOPE Co:MPAXY Os'. ALBAXY PEKFOKATE!)

WKAPPIXG PAPEK COMPAXY.

The Supreme Court, in ^Morgan Envelope Co. v.s. Al-
bany FertoratecT Wrapping Paper Co., reported in the Ofti-
eial Gazette, vol. 67, page 271, declared to lie invalid pat-
ent No. 32.5,410 granted to G. H. Hicks, I'or improve-
nients in packages of toilet paper, and with the decision,
gave a very interesting and important discussion of sevei'al
patent law points. They restated or affirmed the rule
that where the applicant has acquiesced in the rejection of
his claim, he is thereby estopped, where a patentee, to
claim the benefit of the cancelled claim oi- such a construc-
tion of the patent as would be an equivalent thereto.

They also decided, and in so doing seem to have estab-
lished a precedent, that it is immaterial whether the can-
celled claim is broader or narrower than the patented
claim. In the Hicks patent the above case e.xisled : the
applicant having erased a broad claim and substituted in
its stead a narrow one, and he then attempted to construe
the latter claim so as to embrace the subject of the first.

A second point annunciated in this lase, was that a
patentee having a claim for a combination in which an ar-
ticle which perishes in its use was an element, could not
regard as an infringer, a purchaser who, after using the
first supply of the article, replaced it by a new supply.
This rule of patent law is not new w ith the case in ques-
tion and is only qualified by the fact that a separate pat-
ent for the perishable article will, cf course, prexeut such
an action, for nasons well known.

An ex(cedingly inteiesling and important point, and
one which, it is regiettcd. did not t(teive pi silive adjmli-
cation. was touclud upon in this c:ise and lelt unansw ered.
even hy obiter dicia . That is. the question w hether when
a machine is designed to manufacture, distrifiule, or ser e
out to useis a certain article, the article so dealt with can
be said to lie a pai t of tlie combination of which the ma-
chine itself is another part This point, is one which
arises daily and i.s of great imiioitance.

It would stem that the article witli w hich the machine
dealt should be teganb d mme as tlie thing upon which tlie
machine was used ; that woik w hich the machine was de-
.signed to jierlbrm, and surely, suptposing such a condition,
the article could not then be regarded as an element of the
combination. It is with a great deal of iuteiest that at-
tornevs and others will look forward to an authoiitive de-
termination ofthis poinl. as it is one of the most impor-
tant (pie.^tioij.s with which an attorney has to deal in the
pio.'ecution of his prol'essiou.

.tUHXSUN s'ritKff STEEL i;.\II. CUMPAXY C.S. W'vr. V\ HAK-
TO.\, .Jit., W COVIP.VXY, l.I.VIITEl), ef ill.

The Supreme Court in the .Tohnson Sticet ,'-tleel Fail Co.
VS. William 7\haiton. .Tr., cC to., et al, vol. 62, of the
Cdlicial Gazette, page 274, decided that the doctrine of
r<s judieatd is not afl’ecled by the liict that the pirior
judgment was not rex iewable by a couit of appellate juris-
diction. This seems to be the first time that the (lUestion
has leceived direct judicial notice, and made the S'bjeit
of an authoiitive decision. In the case above the jirior
decision w as, on account of the small amount invohed,
not a|ipealable to the Supireme Court, w Idle in the second
case such an appeal was po.ssible.

It seems a hardship that tlie appellants should be de-
pirived of the right to appeal to the Supreme Court, but
this hardshipi, if one it is, is attributable to the rule
which prevents apipeals to the Snpneme Court unless the
amount involved aggregates a spiecific sum. since it was
this rule which pirex ented the apipellants from appeaiing
to the Supireme Court in the first instance.

DUXLAP H (iZ vs. SCHOFIELD et ah

In Dunlapi et al. vs. S . hofleld et al, published in vol.
67 O. G. page 137, the Supireme Court construed the U. S.
Statute No. 4100, and there held that it was the duty of
the pilaintiff in a suit to pirove that he gave the defendant
due notice of his piatent, either by stampiing the word

piittcnted ” on the article, or by giving him spiecial
notice. The statute referred to pirovides. in substance,
that no person manufacturing or dealing in patented ar-
ticles can recover damages for the infringement of the
article unless he stamps the word “piafented " thereon, or
unless he gives notice of another lorm and to the same
effect. This statute has received numerous judicious con-
structions and its scopie is clearly defined.

5IASSETH vs. JOHXSOX et at.

The U. S. Circuit Court for the Western District of
Pennsylvania decided in IMasset.i vs. .Johnson et al, vol.
67, O. G. piage 143, that the use of an infringing device is
not justified by the fact that the defendant had previously
attempted to use one made under the plaintitT s piatent
and which piroved useless. While we do not know of any
other case in which this piarticnlar question arose and was
decided; we think that it may be safety regarded as a no-
torious principle of patent law, since the rules of intringe-
ment are as clear and unequivocal as piossible, and there can
be no doubt but what all use of a piatented article isu a in-

fringement of the piatent. unless the use be an authoi ized
one.

It was also decided in this ca.se, that of IMas.seth vs.
.Tohnson et cd, that failure of a piatentee to manufacture
his device does not defeat the rights vested in him by the
piatent. This rule is well esta!)li.shed and has received
adjudii ation in many other cases.

Another case in which IMasseth was the (omplainant,
and entitled Masseth vs. Feiber, vol. (i7, G. G. piage 143,
was the means ot deciding that the refu.sal of a patentee
to furnish his device to a person when requested does not
justify the use of an infiiiiging oevice. This, like the
failure to maiinfactnre, is a well es ablished puinciple of
patent law, and is fouiulid upon the fact that the grant of
a piatent confers npion the ) alentee the exclusive right to
the invention and this he may enjoy by allow ing ihe inven-
tion to lie in oblivion dining the entire lil'e of the piatent
just as well as he can enjoy it liy placing the inx ention on
the market.

KIC'H.VEDSOX et (d vs. SHEPAED et at.

In Kichardsoii et al vs. Slienard et al, vol. 67. G. G.
piage 144, the patent under which the De Long hook and
eye is manuJactui ed u cei\ i d judicial constniction, and
was declared to be valid. This dicision eminated from
the U. S. Circuit Court <or the district of Massachusetts,
and the court took that opipioi tunity to re affirm the doc-
trine that commercial utility and piopiularity should be of
great weight, indeed should be conclusive, in determining
the validity of a piatent w here other tests are not axailalile.
This rule has bee)i established by a long train of decisions,
and is founded on the supiposition that the puiduct on ol a
device which has 1 een a pmblic disideuitum is neiessiiiily
attended by the use of the inventive tacnlties, since, if it
were otheiwise the desired end would have been olitained
by the baser or more (ommou faculties, namely, mechani-
cal skill. In the case under consideration the diifeiences
between the patented ai tide and pirior devices weie very
.slight, and it was maintained by the defendants that these
dili'erences did not ari.-e to the dignity of inventions. It
was well establii-hed. however, that the invention is of
gieat commeicial utility, anil that its introduction was in-
stantly followed by almost univetstil adopition. and on the
strength ofthe.se tacts the case was held to be within the
domain ol the above stated rule.

SEABUEY et (d vs. AVI EXDE.

In Seabury et al vs. Am Ende puTtli.shed in vol. 67, G.
G. piage 4bl, the .Supireme Court, in upiholding the piatent
No. ]3l ,024 granted to Lhas. G. Am Ende, re-announced
several well established and important pirinciples of piatent
law. It was there that the doctrine that spiecifications
are addre.ssed to persons skilled in the art again received
judicia sanction. This rule has its origin in that statute
of the U. S. w hich piox ides for the writing ot spiecifica-
tions, and tb.ere it is lequired that the specification be
written in such lull, clear and exact terms that any pier-
son skilled rn the ait to which the invention apipiertains
can mare and use the same. The leading case on this
pioint is that of the M'ebster Loom Co. vs. Higgins, re-
punted in vol. 21, U. G. piage2031, and there the Supireme
Court announced the construction, above referred to, and
estalilished a pirecedent which has lieen, and always will
be, accepited as the law.

It would be quite unreasonable, in fact i in piossible. to
require that an inventor word his spiecitication in a wtiy-
which would enable all persons to make and use the in-
vention from tlie information there given, since there are
certain stages of developnnent in e\ ei\y art with w hich
every inveniioii of that class must bt connected, as the
several links of a chain, and liefore the invention can be
understood these stages of developiemeiit must be familiar
to the pierson eousideriug the invention.

No.w it is obvious that to enable piersons unacquainted
in the art to understand the invention, these stages of de-
velopiment must be expilained before the invention can be
understood, and since extrinsic information would not be
piermissible the specification would be the pilace where
this preliminary' explanation must be given, this would
make the specification almost endless ; and therefore the
impracticability of the system. Gn the other hand, arti-
sans in the several arts, knowing these developments as
their pirofession recpuires, will be able to piass from the
pirior to the new- device with merely' a description of the
new device .se. In the case referred to. Seabnry' vs .Ym
Ende, it was also decided that w here the infringer fails to
show' that the salary of the president of the infringing com-
piauy w as actually piaid no allow'ance will he made lor it in
the pirofits. This rule has also lieen previously judicially
stated, and pirobably had its origin in the case Eubber Co.
vs. Goodyear repiortcd in 9 YYall, 8U4.

KICHTEE I'.S. EEYXOL1I.S et ah

In Eichter vs. Eeynolds et al, vol. 67 G. G. page 404,
the L". S. Court of Appieals, Third Circuit, decided several
pioints of Trade IMark Law, which are both impior ant and
interesting In this case a German manufacturer claimed
to have an exclusive right, in this country', to a trade
mark protected by registration in Germany and based h s
contention on the treaty of 1871, between this country and
Germany, which treaty pirovides w ith regards to Labels
and Trade Marks, that citizens of Germany shall enjoy, in
the L'nited States, the same pirotecrion as native citizens.
The court held, however, that this does not give to a citi-

zen oti.iermany. w ho ha.s acqiiiicd a right to a trade mark
in tliat country. ;i ■^imiliar right to the tiade mark in the
I'nited .Slale.s.

It was also decided, in this ca-e. that an occasional -ale
in this country by a loreign mannlactniei'. to a limited ex-
tent upion spiecit'l ordeis, and to -tipqily piai t i< nlaf cn-
totners, will not amount to .^u(.•l) a n.-e a.~ to .-how an inten-
tion Ifadopiting the .symbol pilaced on stich pnepiaiat ion-
as a trade mark.

i,>t li'E an impjortatit pioint of piatetit piractice wa- di cided
by the Assistant Commissiotier of Latent- in .Moi'iey \-
Ffannkuche, an interfeietice case iti tlie Latent i tfiicc.
Lfannkuche had a piatent w bile Mordey ba>ed his tight-
on an apipilication, and the Ibrmer cotitended that he should
be allow ed to examine Mordey 's apipilication befon.- filing
bis pirelimiuary statement, atid this on tlie giotind that he
was handicapjpied by Mordey, sitice Mordey knew the -tam-
of his in venliou and he (Lfannkuche) wasentiicly ignoiaiit
as to the status of Ins oppionent. This contention was tip-
held by the Assistant Commissioner, who ruled that where
there were no substantial difference beetwceii the two in
veliticns, there could be no impropiiiety in allowing I'l'ann-
ktiche to examine the application oJ Moidey beliire the til-
ing of the pirelimituiry statements.

lx the Assistant Commissioner's dicision in e.e park Fin-
ney, it was held that no valid objection could be made to
an applicant’s statement in the specilication of anobjtct
which he knew had been accomplished by others be. me
him, because this could be the case and if the apiplicaiit'.-
means for attaining this object wete uo\el. the invention
was piatentabie. The opinion has been entei taitieil by
many Ih.il the piioper practice was not in accordance with
the ruling, and it is well that the ipucstiou has le-
ceived an authorative answer, asrt will clear a doubt which
has at some time, existed in the mind of almost e\eiy pat-
ent lawyer.

CtoniJSSIoXEK SeyvkiVK in e?: parte Zuber, 67 t ). I.;,
piage 529, gave authority to what has always beeti regaidcd
as the proper piractice, but w hich has not, to the best (d'o.ir
information, ever been authoritively stateil. flic (puc.-tion
is that of the proper action of an Examiner w heie the ap-
pilicaut pireseuis an amendment seeking to incorpomu- new
matter in an apipilication. It the auiendtuetit be ix 1 tued
acceplauce the only reliel ol the apipiliiant w ill be a i eii-
tiou to the Comtuissioner on a promt of puactice, w hile it'
the ameudmeiir Ire accepited and the subject matter thereol'
rejected, an apqieal will lie to the Examiners in Ghief, and
thence to the Commissioner in the regular way. Follow-
ing this, it was generally the practice, in justice to the ap-
pilicant, to enier the amendment, since then he would have
the benefit of two apipellate reviewals and would be insured
justice. However, this puactice was sometimes departed
from, and the amendment refused entry in the record. It
is now settleil, by ex parte Zuber, that this cannot be
done, and that the true and correct piractice is, ((piloting
fio’.u the syllabus ot the decision), that the anicinlment
should be entered and rejected on the ground of new mat-
ter, and for all other reasons which baj’ the piatentabilit v
of its subject matter.’’

Ix a suit brought by The Edison Electric Light Co. et
al vs. The Buckeye Electric Light Co. et al. The V . S Cir-
cuit Court for the.S luthern Distriit of ijhio, E isterti D, vis-
ion, api pitied to one of the Edtsou piuteuts some puincipiles
ofgeneral law, which, perhapis, were not teli.-htd by the
Jormer company. Duritig the picmiency ol the apijilicat ion
upiou which the p.atent was based, sevcial foreign piaietils
were applied fot and giauted for tiie same iuveutioti. and,
owing to the priority ot the United States a|iplication , the
fact did not appear iu the patent of that country or in the
I’ateut Gftice records. However, because of some misun-
derstanding of law, the Edison people applied to the Lat-
ent Gffice for an entry of the existence of the patents in
the Latent Gffice records and on tb.e lace i f the patent, and
lor a consequent limitation of the patent. The then (bin-
missiorer, Benjamin Butterworth, granted this request and
prepiared a notice of correction for attachment to the official
document. Ten years later The Edison Compiany arriied
at the conclusion that the law did not reipuire siuii a limi-
tation, and applied for a retraction or cancellation of Com-
missioner Buiterworth's supipiosed correction, which can-
cellation w'as granted by Commi.ssiouer Siiiionds. Duriiiu-
the force of the supipiosed limitation The Buckeye Company\
suppusing the patent to be tritely limited, invested consid-
erable money iu the nuinutactuie of the lamp covered by
the piatent, and were sued by The Ec.ison Compianv for in-
fringement, the suit resulting in the granting of an' injunc-
tion in favor of the latter.

8ubsequently The Buckeye Company asked for a di.-so-
lutiou of the injunction, and the Court held, in the decision
on such petition, that The Buckeye Company had a right
to be guided liy the show iugs on the face of tlie patent, imd
that The Edison Company was estopped frotii siipprc.ssing
their opieratioiis, on the ground that they had led the pnlT
lie to believe that they had abandoned the invention after
the expiiratioii ot the foreign piatent, and could not, at this
late day, retreat from their piosition. This principle had
its origin in a general law case. Insurance Co. vs IMowrv,
96 U. 8. 546, and is to the eff'ect that one is estopped from
cancelling a representation as to the future only when ad-
verse rights have accrued owing to the influence of the dec-
laration. Accordingly the injunction was dissolved. The
case is reported at length in V'ol. 67 0- G. pinge 529.

lOO

rPIB IXVENTIVB AGE

NEWS CONDENSED.

March 30.— SpeaktM* Crisp declined the api)()iiiiineni of U. S.

Senator f roni <r()v. Norlliern Iti a tilt in the House E.\'-

SpeakerReed was forced to sit d()W . by SpeakerCrisj) Two

1 housaiid wi renieti <ro on a strike in New York Two consta-

bles and two citizens were killed in Darlinf^ton, vS. C. in adis-

])ute over the State li<jiior dispetisarv law Col. Brecken-

ridtre recites the Irayic story of his life, and, while adniittiiitr
bis intiniacy, diMiies that he ever offt'red to marry ISIiss l^ollard
The body of Kossuth reached Biida Besth amid urreat dem-
onstration.

M.tKCii 31. (General Frye's ••common wt^ai"* army reached Lit-
tle Rock. Ark., on a freij/bt train. Co.xey's army entered Penn-
sylvania Properly at Tampico, Mexico, valued at $250,()iX)

was destroyed by lire.

Apkie 1.- -The whiskey war in Darlinirtoii, S. C., necessitated
the orderi n ”■ out of stat(‘ t roops Striki iilt potters at Fast

Liverpool. Ohio, assaulted a number of persons Prince Bis-
marck celebrated his sevenly-nintli birthda.v With impos-

i n<r ceremonies Kossuth was buried in Buda Peslh Prof.

\Vm. Robto'tson Smith, librarian of the University of Cam-
bridire died.

Apkie 2. — ('rovi*rnor Xortlien of ( 'leoriria. aj'pointi'd Patrick

Walsli to succeed Senator Ci)l<iuitt in tlu* U. S. Stmate Par-

liiijEton, S. C.. was declared under martial law Rei)ublicans

make ‘.'•real ^ains in elections in Ohio. Mii liiiran. Iowa. Connec-
ticut and Montana Mr. Voorhees o])eued the debate on the

tariff bill in the Senate One-hall of the plants in the coke

re^rion. IVonisy 1 vania, art* idle on account of the strike.

Ai'KIE 3.— -trovenior Tillman proclaims niililar v authority in

all towns and cities in South Cart)lina The strike in the

cok'e ret^ioiis is spreadinir In Cliicair«). 3,dd() ])ainters were

locked out by emi)loyers to offset the slriki*.

Apkie4. a stay of i*.\ecutit)n intliecase t)f Peiide^-rast. the

murderer of Mayor Harrison, until .Uily 3nd. w<g irranteil

In till* riot in the L^eii iisv 1 van ia coke reL’'i‘>ns. six persons were

Ivilled Returns from town i* lections in 11 li noi*^, Ohio. Micli-

iiraii, Nebraska. Kansas, and other western states. ,ind Rhode

Island, sliow hea\ y Republican j.* ai ns A not her bomb

throwiM' in Paris, causes tin* iniurv of si*veral persons

( ) ver a thousaml house', in Shaiivliai w<‘re burned.

Apkie 5. — Tlie Coxey army arrived at Homesh>ad. l^a

'Phe Ohio State Convention •>{ Mine Wv'rkers. decideil in favor
of a E’^vneral striKa' May 1st. unless tlu- old scale of waji'es i-. re-
stored Janies KeiiiUMly was nominated for (iovernor by tlu*

i * roll i bit ion Con veil t ion of ( ►ree’on The Massachusetts Sen-

ate killed the Woman's Suffrac'‘<‘ Municiiial FU'ction bill by a

vot<“ of 33 to 13 'Pile Iowa Leiri'^lature ])assed a bill Lfiviii;/

women a riuhl tt> volt* tor school olliceis J'lie ord»‘r of

.1 udjEe Dundy red uci ul*’ warfi's on the Union l^acilic Railroad w.is

re vok'ed by j ml ire Cald we 1 1 Tin* civil si at iis i n )-' loreiice and

I )arli n.u''ton counties. S. t'.. was rest«>rcd by <iov. 'Pillnian's

]H’oc!ainat ion The Nation. il INK-dical Congress closed its

si*ssioii in Rome, to meet next in Russi.i.

Apkij. (). -Admiral Walker saih*d from San Francisco for
Honolulu J'he Pia-sidtuil sitrned the Belirinc’' Sea Bill

'Pile e.xaminatioii of witnesses in the B reckmi ridiL’'e Pollard
case at Wash i n e^t on was conclmled tleneral Master Work-

man SovereiiTti of the Kii ic'^hts of Labor ]>r'(licl s that the Coxi* \'

movement will end in fai 1 u re or Itirhl In tin" IIoiisi* of Coin-

minis the Rftsidnirv sroviMniment was deleatml on a private bill

1» V a vote of 33x to 337 Poinlola nd. i n Sou th f rica. has been

peacefully an n«*.\ed t«t the British pos'.esslonv 'Phe death of

M. Jablochk'off. the Rus-,ian elect I'iciaii, a ml i n veil tor ot tlie
electric candle, is aniiouiKa’d.

Apkie 7. -Ben iamin Kinir. poet ami humorist, was found dead

at Bowli n}r U remt, K v \ jn einat u re explosion of triaii t ]»i iw-

der at Brintoii. Pa., killed ihri-e laborers and iniured several

(ithei's Ten ]>er''ons were k'illed and s»*\eral iniured by an

I'xplosion in a lire works 1 .ictory in Pelersbunr, Va.

Apkie.x. Ala mass nii'etinir of the Pen iisyl vania coke stri k-
iM's. il was det«*nuiiied to com [lel c«’ssat ion of worlc at various
])ian I s.

.\PKIE‘). - W. Rockhill. of Maryland, was no.m i ikiIimI by
t he Pre^ideii t to bi* 'Phi rd Assist a n. I Secret ary of St ate i n placi*

of Fd wa rd St robel, noni i n a ti*d for M i n isi tn to lb | iiadoi' Tlie

linai decision ot the Cltilli.in Claims Commission was remlereil

in WashiiiLfton Firflit lireineii were l<ille(l .uul eirflil others

badly iiiiurml in tlie Davlilson iheali-r iireat Milwaulcee A

blizzard rau'cd on the Noiih Atl.intic coast Fx-U. S. Sena-

tor, A le.xander Cot tel 1 . o I N\*w Jersi* died at J a niesi ow n . N.

Waller \\'idlni.in and his Arctic expedition .irrived at J>er-

rreii, Norway.

A I' K I E ID. — Presich - 11 1 C le velaml issiu*(l Vi i s pi'oclani .it ion, war n-

inji' persons \iolati iie’ the Seal I isheiies .\ct H.B. Burn-

h.im, .1 lulLTe Ad vocate (ietieral, Uniled Slate-, Army, ndired,

dieil III Virrfinia Bernard Maiiion's livery and boarding'

stable in Baltimori-, burm*d with 13h hoisi--, ami 15i) carria«,’'i‘^ :

loss S40i).0l)0 It was deiided by the Mi ners' District t'on ve n-

t ion at Scot Ida le. Pa., to continue the si ri k'e The Ri* publi-

cans maki* sweejiiny victories in the charliM' elections in New

J iU'sey The reyul.i r I.teiiiocral ic ore a n izat ion in tin* election

at Albany, N. Y., was did'eated by Republicans and Hill Demo-
crats.

A PKiE 11. — One of the worst blizzards of i hi* season ray'i.'d alon rr

t he A llaiitic coast from Maim* to New .Ii'i'sey A rreiieral

strike was onlered for April 31s1, by tlu* United Workmen's
Con v(* lit ion at Columbus, ( )hio, whicli will t hrow soniet hi iirr like
300.01)1) men out of employment 'File Holland election re-

sulted in the defeat of tin* .Lrovernnieiil.

Apkie 13. — Champion Corbi*tt sailed for Furope The

American Olucose works at Buffalo burned: loss 51.300.000

'rite bill makintr treating in barrooms a misdemeanor was de-
feated in the Massachusetts IBmse by a vote of 43lo05

'Pile city of Rio-(lramU*-Do-Sul has not bemi cai)iuri*d bv Bra-
zil lian insurjirents, as reported 'I'he B<-h ri ny Sea bill jiassed

the second reailinjT in the House of Lords.

Apkie 13. — David Dudley I'ield, the mnineiit jurist, died in

New' York, airi'd 8') years Coxey's army enteri'd Maryland

A ‘.’■povral strike on the ( Ireat Northern Rail way was or-
dered by the American Railway Union Tlie American col-

ony at BUiePields has sent an ultimatum to the Nicaraguan
authorities. deniaiulin«»' a provisional ‘government.

A PKIE 14. — I n t lie Polla rd-B reckeii rid.o’e case the j u ry a w’arded

a verdict of 515.000 for the plaintiff Senator Z. B. Vance of

North Carolina, died at WashinE’'ton. of a])o])lexy (leneral

Henry W. Slocum, Fx-ConL'’ressman, died atBrooklyn Con-

trressnian Jerry Simpson was taken seriously ill at Washin^-toii.

Apkie 15. — Co.xey's army reach i*d Cu mberland, Aid No

trains are runninjr on tin* Great N<»rthern Railway from the Red
River to Spokiuie 'Phe United States Cruiser, San Fran-
cisco, arrived at Bliielields 'Phe report of Mello's sur-

render is denied.

Apkie 1(). — The Supreme Court of Colorado decided in favor
of (tov. Waite in the controversy with the fire and jiolice boards
of Denver Admiral Irwin was retired for aj^e, and Commo-
dore Skerrett succeeds him James AI. Harve^■, Fx-Governor

and Fx-U. S. Senator of Kansas, died at J u notion Cit v The

House of Lords passtM the Bi*hriii.y Sea bill.

April 17. — Henry S. Ives, tlie New A'ork financier, died of

consiinipUon near Asheville, N. C Gmieral Cliver Lathro])

Shepherd, U. S. A., rcniri’d. died in New A’ork, aired «1 years

Ernest Knabe, the famous piano manufacturer, died in

Baltimore Coxey proceeded in canal boats from Cumber-

land. Aid The Samoset Club of Omaha, adopted resolutions

denouncing .Senator Hill as a traitor, and similar resolutions
were passed by a Democratic mass meetlnir in San Francisco
A number of Brazilian insurg-ents and their forces, sur-
rendered at Buenos Ayres, President Peixoto havinir declared
personal amnesty to all the rank and file except the leaders.

Apkie 18- — Alark Twain's Publishinir Co.. New’ A'ork, assigned

The City Electric Power Co.'s plant at .Sacramento, Cal.

bu rued : loss 5100.01)1) The Loyan Iron and Steel w'orks at

Burnham burned: loss 5150. Oht) In the l^olisli labor riot at

Detroit, the sheriff w’as fatally w’ounded and two rioters killed

Jiul.gre Sanborn of the United States Court at Faryo, N. D.,

issued an injunction restricting' the Great Northern Railway
Strikers from interferin5.r with the manag’ement of the trains.

Apkie 1').- Ex-(h>v. Thos. J. Jarvis, w’as apiiointed U. S. Sena-
ator from North Carolina, to succeed Senator Vance, deceased

'rite Stale Liquor Dispensary law declared uncoiisiitutiou-

al by the Sujireme Court of Soutii Carolina Admiral Aiello

at Bneiios Ayres obtained asylum, declaring' that he would g’i ve

u]) for lackof resources With g'reat pomp, Pri nces Victoria

Alelita. of Saxe-Coburg'-Oolha and (7rand DukelCniest Lewis of
Hesse, grandchildren of (Jneen Victoria were married.

Apkii. 3').- 'Phe liiiseeil oil w’orks of the National Linseed Oil

Co., of St. Louis burned: loss 54i)t).0i)i) Kelly's industrial

arni\ at ( )maha seized a train of fort,v box cars A larg'e dele-

Lfatioii of tlie Wt u'king'men'-. Proti'Cti ve Leag'iie arrived i n Wash-

Ing'ton, to protest ag'aiiist Hie Tariff Bill 'Phe betrothal is

announced of tlie Grand Duke Nicliolas, heir apparent to
the throne ot Russia, to the Princess Alix of Russia.

Apkii- 31. — Ex-Gov. J allies W. 'Phrockmortou, of Texas, died

atAIcKiiiney EllHM't B. Aloiiroe, member of the Uniled

Slates hoaril of Indiuii Commissioners, died at 'X'airytown

Gov. 'Pill man ordered the South Carolina dispensaries closed

Tile g'reat coal strike has bi-g-un Alaiiy people were

killed and injui'i'd by an eartli(|uake in Greece.

A PKi I, 33. — Waller B ra.g'g', son of I he late I liters late Com mercc

Commissioner w.is k'illed in a diud h\' Dr. J. II. Naflel

Earth 1 1 uakesin ( D'eece caiisi'd g'reat loss of li fe The steamer

Los Ang'eles ot tin* Pacific Coast Sleamsh i line went ashore
at l^oiiit Sur. 'Pwo jiersons are suppos«.*d to have been drowned
.Siiialliiox is rag'ing' in Chicag'o.

Apkie 33.- -Wing-s of tin* Coxey army art* aninninced from
Balt into re. Aid., North A it leboro. AT ass.. 'P'erri* Haute. Did.. Seat-
tle, Wasliiiigtoii, Oak'land, Cal., E\ans, Colo., Chicag'o, 111.,
tii'aiid Rapids, Alii li.. Portland, (treg'on. Butte, Mont., and Ne-

ola, Iowa Jesse B. Selig'nian, I he New York banker, died in

San DK*g'o, Cal Royal assent was announced to tin.* Behr-
ing'Sea bill in tin* Hoixe of Coiiiiinnis \gentsof Coxey's

army arrived in Washington to arraiig'e matters.

Ai’KIE 34. (.'oxi*y's army arrived at Frederick Coxcyites

to the number of 5()i) steal a Norlliern ih'ci lie 1 reigli t t rai n at

Butte and si art east war<l at i lie rate of forty m iles an hour

J ndge Caldua*ll issues an order to the IJ n i led Slat es Ala I'shal of
Alinnesota to seize the train, should il he brought Into his dis-
trict, and restore il to the I'eceiviTs ot the road Frank Hat-

ton, editor ol the Washington Ihist, was stricken with a slight
touch of jiai'iH v sis.

ApJ'tiE35. Di*mocralic si.*iiators pi\‘iiict tin* pas-^ag'e of the

tariff bill b\ June 1 In a iiglU with the Coxeyiles from

Butte, Montana, t he United State•^ Marslial's posse was ih*-

b*.ili^*d. 'J' wo tlepii tir*'^ and one riot<*r wr* re shot AIar\ tUl-

mariiii, a young' girl at Cincinnati, was shot dead on the street
by I'nlher Domiiiivlv < BGiady, a Catholic priest who was intat-
nated with her 'I'he tOiirth annual convention of Confeder-
ate veterans opened at Bi rm i iighani, Ahibama In 'fiTn*

11 an te. Ind., Gen. F r \ e's com nion weal army capt n red a t rai ii of

bi IX cars Gen. Robert < 1 ranger, U. S. A., retired, ilied at his

lionu* in Washing-ton.

uA PK 1 1. 3<i . - ( leii . Co.xe \ , at II ag«*i'stow ii . Aid., expri'ssvcl hi"- d i s-

appoiiitnu'iit at tlie a])in*arance of •'O few reinforcements

H og-an 's army of Cox<‘y i tes. ov er 4D0, who captiin*<l the Northern
Pacilic train at Biitti*. wen* overliaiiled by the g-overnmeiit
troops .It Forsyth. Alont. About lOO lied to tlu* monntaiiis. It

is thought the leaders only, will be lu'ld 'I'he R<*publicans

of Indiana coiiii»l<*ted a state tick»*l bv nom i iiati ng J. L. Monks
for judge of Hu* Siipi'eiiie Court. W. 1). Owen head-' Hi* ticket

f<ir Secretary ol State 'Pile (>hio leg i--'lalii re defeati'd the

tow 11 a ml preci net local option bill Nathaniel S. ]u*rry , war

I iovernor of New Ham jislii it. d ied at Bristol.

Apkie 37. - In Hie stock marki*t sugar reached 103 'Phe

an ni V 1*1 sai'v of the l>irlh of Gi*n. U. S. Grant was celebrated in
i^iltsbui'g. New Yolk, Boston, Pli i ladel ph ia and other cities

A Mother eart hq n.ike i n G rei*ce canse-^ Hie destruction of

lhon''aiids of lionsi's and many livu^ 'Phe Coxi‘y army ar-
rived at Gaithersburg, Aid., 330 in line Jim Robinson and

Bell W'hile, colored, con victed ot atteni])teil rape*, were hung at

Alaiiassas. Va 'Plu'Odil Fellows v\a*re notallowed loparade

on till* Capitol gToiiiids •■Citizi*n" Georg-e I'l'ancis 'Praiii,

who lectured in Washington without a lici'iise, was arraigned
ill polite court and dischai',g-i*d : lu* left at once for New York,
declaring the Coxey movement a tizzU*.

Apkie 38. — 'Pwo hundred spe*cial jiolice* were adde*d to the
Washington police force in anticipation <»f the arrival of crooks

with Coxey's army A band of 3h() Coxy ites in tJregoii steal

another railroad train and 1 roops are ordered out to arrest Hu*

outlaws A mass meeting of unemployed workingmen in

Pittsburg passed resolutions di'iiounciiig- Cvmgress 'Phe

motion for a new trial of Coiigressiiiaii Bi'eckeiirid'gc was de-
nied.

Ai'KiE 3') — General Coxt‘y and his 301) followers ari-ivi*tl at
Bright wood Driving- i^ark, adjoining- Washing-ton. They were
nu*t by thousands of wheelmen and curiosity seekers Win-
chester, Va.. luul a 5100,(1110 lire (leiieral Frye's industrial

army at Indianapolis decided to walk to Washing-ton if railroads

refuse to carry Hu*m 'Phe North Dakota state democratic

com mil tee passi‘d resolutions rebiiki iig Congress 'Phe

st rike on the (iri*at Northern railway is sti 11 on and on ly a few
mail trains are running. 'Proops were sent out from FortSiiel-
ing- to quell the disturbances at several division liead(|uarters.

Apkie 30. --Frank Hatton, i*ditor of Hu* Washington Post, died

Presi(h*nl McBridi* of the Uniti*d Aliners, declared that

KiO.ooo men are m>w on a strilce Coxey declares he will

speak from the steps of Hu* Capitol if he goes to jail for it

Senator Stock'bridg-e, of Alichig-an, died suddenly in Chicago

A 10 i>er cent divideml was declared to the World's Fair

stocklu)kU*rs Sugar stocks jum])ed up 107 in New Vork

'Phe li fth vvi*ek of the lari ff debate in the Senate was beg-un,

Air. 'Purple lUiiking n savage attack on Air. Aldrich.

BOOKS AND MAOAZINES.

'Phe Tradi' /be.v.vis the name of a new monthly, published in
Hie interest of the trade and class journals of America. Henry
J . Boh 11 is editor.

'Phe Smithsonian Re{>ort for 1801. which has just been
issued, contains a translation by William Hallock from Hie
German of an address delivered before Hie Royal Bavarian
Academy ol Scii“nces by Etig-ene Lomniel on •• 'Pile Scientific
Work of George Simon Ohm." (Waslii ngton, D. C.)

•i* ^ ¥

When fi nally completed, '’'’The Book of the Fair," now being
iiiiblislied in monthly parts of fort3' pages each, will be the most
complete and magniheentpv illustrated liistor3’ of the World’s
F'air published. 'I'he work is of the highest standard t3*po-

graphicallv and the high reputation of the publishers, Hie Ban-
crofl Company, Chicago and San Francisco, is a guarant3’ of
thoroughness and completeness of Hie text.

5{: * 5{:

A little v'olutne, containing- the names and addresses of the at-
tornej-s practicing before the United States Patent Office, care-
fully compiled by Virginia W. Middleton, the well known Pat-
ent Office stenographer, has just been issued. The list is class-
ified b.r states and tdie volume will be found a very baud v refer-
ence book. The nominal price of SI for paper cover and Sl.SO for
clotli binding, places the work in tlie reach of all ijiterested.

*

The agitation of the Nicaraugiia canal question is becoming
general throughout the United States and the urgency of Con-
gressional action and govermental control is admitted on all
sides. In advocacyv of the scheme Review of Reviews ior April
sa3’s: ••'Phe United States can have no disposition to wish
(7reat Britian ill in her maintenance of Gibraltar and Malta, her
control of Eg-v'pt. her firm possession of Hie vSnez canal, and the
maintenance at all hazards of her unobstructed route to India
and Australia. The United States can loolvon witli i ndilference,
if not rather with positive apiu'oval, as Great Britian proceeds
to a])])ro])riate large and ever larger areas of South Africa.
Nor do we object to the constant widening of Britisli jurisdic-
tion in Asiabv Hie invasion from India of adjacent ]>r<ivinces.
But this couiitrv cannot view with anv’ satisfaction the disposi-
tion of Great Britain from her orig'inal limited foothold at Hie
mouth of the Esseqiiibo river to push forward the frontiers of
British Guiana bv appropriati ng territory that belongs to Vene-
zuela. We shall naturaUv g-ive all Hie benelU of the doubt to
the self-governing republic that is on the ground, rather than to
the British Empire that ought not to hold sovereignt3’ over a
foot of South American soil."

^

PTsersot electric lights and motors will find much to interest
them in an article conlribnled to the Alav iiumber of Cassier's
Alagazi lie, b3’ C. E. Kennelly,itelling how cloctricitv is meas-
ured. Of Hie large number of electric meters which have been
devised and tried onlva limited number have come into extend-
ed use, and of these Air. Keniiellv has selected several, cxplain-
i ng how the3' are constructed and bow they operate, and helping,
in no small nu*asure, to make clear to consumers of electricity
bow Hie basis of charges for Hiei r use of the subtle fluid is ar-
rived at.

❖ * ❖

The Elet fried/ A’ctvV?:', New York, lias improved its t3’pi)graplii-
cal appearance bv a new dress of type.

Transfu)} tal lidi for May contains an exliauslive article on the
proposed electric double track railwav between New York and
Pbiladel[)hia, accompanied bv a map, showing tlie route and
con iiections. 'Phe projectors of this line are Messrs. Joseph II.
Rc‘all and Frank A. Alag-owan. of New Jersev. Tiie ])lan is not
onlv to canist met a Hirongh li lie of electric railway' to connect
Hu* in'incipal iioints in 1 lie Stale of New Jerse3' with each other,
and wlHi New York' and Philadeljihia, but to consolidate Hie
local lines in different i>laces i iit(» one svstem. 'Plie compatyv
just organized lias the riclit to increase Hie capital stock to 510*,-
()(.)().0i)D. 'Phis sum, it is lig-ured, will build the entire st’stem of
roads laid out, embracing 150 miles of line, and secure the local
roads relerri'd to. while it is shown that ten per cent will be
earned on the capitalization from the beginning.

Gen. Fitzluigli Lt‘e, formerl\' Go\ernoi-of Virginia, is busilv
engaged in iireparing- a biog-rapliy of his uncle, Gen. Robert E.
Lee. 'Pile maiinscript is iiearlv completed, and Hie book is ex-
pi'cled to be jiublisTied in Mav. It will be the first authentic
story of Gen. Lee's life which has yet been printed.

'Pin: DUrEsr oi-' 'Pk.xhk Marks, bv Wallace A. Bartlell, is
one of Hu* best work's of the kind thus far issued from the
xVmerican pre'-.s. It is correct, and comprehensive. Patents tire
no long'd' issued for small I m ]>r ovemenls in machinery manu-
factiiriiug and Hie like, and Hiev can onlv be protected now-a-
davs b V 'Prade Mar]\ la ws. When a dealer adopts a particular
dexice to dislinguisli his wares, he is just as safe from an in-
tring-nidit of his rights concerning' his wares in question, as if
thev had been patented, jirovidod the trade mark is origi nal and
ntlci lv iiiilikT aiiv other. Air. Bartlett has been at great pains
ill g-iviiig- Hie hiw and practice in the United States on the sub-
ject of 'Pradi* Marks for iiiach i nes, metals, jewel rv and 1 he hard-
wai'i' and allied trade's. He has compressed avast store of in-
formation into a handv mannai of 17() pages, has Iherebv saved
i n vt*n tors tlu* t ask f or si f ti ng- out t his 1\ nowledge for themselves
from hinidrecls of sources, which might be dil'ficiiU fen* them to
re*acli. 'Phi* volume is handsonielv printed, illustrated and
bound, and is an honor to the tvpograpliic e.xcellence acliieved
by its publishe*rs, Gibson Bros., Wasliinglon, I). C.

^

A novel and extremely useful juiblicatiejii has made its ap-
jiearance in New 'T Pee If s Export Piirehase l//dex. It is of

particular interest'to those engaged in e.xi)()rt trade, g-iving a
classified list of American manufacturers whose products are
suitable for expoit. 'Plie publication is to be issued everv'
six weeks in alternate English and Spanish editions, under the
direction and management of Air. W. J. Davis.

^ ■■¥

Received from Chairman Hanimor, of the Special Committee,
an advance cop.v of the National. Elect ric Light Association’s
Standard Rules for Electrical Construction and Operation, re-
vised and ado])ted at the 17th convention recentpv held in Wash-
ing-ton. 'Phe new rules are supplemented b3’ the report of the
Special Committee on Hie rating of arc lamps. Air. Hammer is
Confident that there is nothing toda3’ in the nature of sets of
rules for electric construction and operation which can compare
with these rules.

« --i--

Since the alleged discoverv, bv’ Orville W. Owen, AI. D., of
•‘Sir Francis Bacon's Cipher Storv," we have heard very little
from Col. Ignatius Doiineipv and his elaborate work on the same
subject. 111 Ibis work, which is being published in three vol-
uimis bv the Howard Publishing Compaiyv, of Detroit, Mich., it
is demonslraled that Air. Owen at least possesses patience and
genius. His stor3’ is entertaining and attests great studx' and
reseach on the part of the author. 'Phe first volume closes with
the death of (Jueen Elizabeth. Volume two, now readx', describes
the relations existing between Elizabeth and Robt. Dud-
le3', afterwards Earl, of Leicester ; the murder of Dudley’s wife
to get her out of the wav and his secret marriage to Elizabeth.
In reviewing the second volume the Detroit £o/n’?iai sa3’s: ‘^This
part of Hie cipher stor3’ — the Spanish Armada — is reallx’ the
most important that has 3’et been given to the public b3’ the de-
ciplierer, and b3’ its literarx’ construction, magnitude and his-
torical correctness will go far in itself towards convincing the
doubters that Dr. Owen has reaipv discox’ered a hidden story
and that he is not cleverlx’ patching up a tale in blank verse
from the several works to delude that part of the world that has
taken interest in Hie question of who wrote the Shakespeare
pla3's.”

Under this heading is published all assij^n-
nieiits of patents or ])artial interest in same, as
on record in the United States Patent Office for
the niontli ending’ A])ril 2''H. where the consid-
eration was $2,000 and over.

Elijah Avery invent(^r. to the Souvenir Nov-
elty Co., of Denver, Colo., Mustache Ouards;
all' rights. $15,000.

John C. Armstrong inventor, to Grant H.
Stafford and S. C. Horton, of Charles City. la..
Step Ladder, Ironing and Dread Hoard : all
rights for nine counties in Mintiesota, and tlie
States of North and South Dakota. $2,000.

Erastus W. Appelman inventor, to R. P.
Derry of Clearmonl, lr)wa, Plalform Dalconies
for Railway Cars : an undivided half interest.
$5,000.

Shubael T. Armstrong Inventor, to Fred A.
Cole of Plymouth. Mi('h., Smoke Consuming
Furnace; one inidivided tenth of all right.
$10,000.

E. W. Allen Inventor. C. W. Van Aikin, as-
signor, to the Eclipse M f’g Co., of Canton , f Mi it).
Washing INIachine ; all rights for twenty-three
counties in Ohio. $5,000,

Phi Hi]) Di rch inventor, to .T.F. Yoli), Knife
Coiicaver and Hone ; an undi s ided half i iiteresl
$7,500.

Wni. Dlackburn inventor, to the Dlackburn
Doiler Com])onnd Co., of t>liio, Coniponnd for
Preventing Incrustation in Doilers ; all rights
and benefits in said invention. $21,000.

Chas. E. Duell inventor, Chas. J. Kintener.
assignor, to the Johnson Snb-Trolle.\ Co., ol
N. Y. City, Means for Storing and ITliti/ing
Electricity on Vehicles; all rights. $2,000.

Janies F. Dartlett inventor, to Wni. Dolden-
weck of Cliicago. 111., Combination UmbnMla
Holder and Stand ; all rights. $2,onn.

Samuel H. Doylan Inventor, to the Doylan
Voucher Account Co., of Cliicago, III., Account
Keeping Apparatus ; all rights. $50,0!)0.

Claude Dennett inventor, to Frank- Clia^niian
of Newbery, Mich., Conibinati))n Milk Pail ; all
rights. $15,000.

Henry Droadwell Inventor, to Win. J. Hamil-
ton of Stillwater. Oklahoma. Washing Ma-
chine; all rights for twenty-live stales. $5,000.

Wm. A. Duller inventor, to John G. Doyd of
N.’ Y. Cilv, Electric Railwavs ; all rights.
$5,0(K).

Walfried Diirkman inventor, t() the Fox Is-
land Cla.v Works, of Tacoma, Wash.. Clay Re-
ducers : all rights for three states. $15,000.

Cyrus Crabbs inventor, the National Fence
Co., assignor, to T. H. Sykes and ol hers, F ence;
all rights in twentv-seven counties in W. Va.
$2,500.'

Waller R. Close inventor, to Geo. Wheelright
of Bangor, Maine, Derrick ; an undivided half
interest, $5,000.

Jno. J. Carr inventor, Leonard F. Dell, as-
signor, to J. R. Woodbridge of Chicago, 111.,
Tool Holders for Grind Slones ; all rights ex-
cept for three states. $2,000.

John W. De Atley inventor, J. C. Williams of
Clay Co., Mo., Coffee or Tea Pot ; entire right
to use, sell and manufacture. $0,S75,

John A. Duggan i n ventor. to the State Street
Safe Deposit and Trust Co., of Mass., Railroad
Switches ; all rights. $50,000.

Samuel E. Foreman in ventor, to Z. D. Ship-
man and T. D. Peacock of Topeka, Kaus., Door
Check ; all rights for Indian and Oklahoma
Territories. $2,500.

Wm. H. Felthousen inventor, to the Perfec-
tion Roller Screen and Novelty Co., of Dalti-
niore, Md., Window Screen ; all rights. $5,000.

Roderick G. Guptill inventor, to the Pendle-
ton Glass Tube and Pipe Works of Ind.. Glass
Pipe Casting ; all rights. $10,000.

Win. A. Grant inventor, Aetna Soa]) iMachine
and Manufacturing Co., assignor, to Herbert J.
and Frank A. Grant of Lake City, Utah. l*ro-
cess of Manufacturing Soap; all rights for
seven states. $11.(X)0.

Wm. H. Gonne inventor, to Thos. S. Sprague
of Detroit, Mich.. Knob Attachments; all
rights. $4,500.

Jacob M. R. Gedney inventor, to Sarah A.
Kiersted of N. Y. City, Wear Irons for Vehi-
cles; all rights. $2,2<X).

John Gustafson inventor. Geo. F. Dobson, as-
signor, to the Universal Type Setter Co., of N.
Y. Citv, Tvpe-Setting Machine; all rights.
$25,000.

John H. Harris inventor, to P. Z. Alexander,
Ice Cream Freezer; all rights for the state of
Mississippi. $2,000.

Janies E. Harder and John H. Fox inventors,
to Marcellus D. Johnston of Springfield. Ohio,
Device for Removing Sediment from the Dot-
toms of Liquid Storage Vessels ; all rights for
W. Va., and Pa. $3,000.

Arthur E. Hotchkiss inventor, Walter S.
French and hZllsworth H. Durtis. assignors, to
Edward Moore and others. Elevated Railway ;
*^ill rights for one county in N. J. $2,500.

Geo. R. Huff and Geo. H. Vernon 'inventors,
to Margaret G. Burton of St. Paul, Minn., Saw
Filing Machine ; all rights. $2,500.

W m. R. King inveritor, J. Heron Crosnian, as-
signor, to the Standard Brake Co., Automatic
Brake ; all rights. $10,000.

Lyman L. Loomis inventor, to Henry M.

THK INVENT! VF AGE. loi

Loomis of Di nghampton, N. Y.. Invalid Bed-
stead; one undivided half. $12,000.

Wm. D. Lawrence inventor, Frank H. fler-
vis and others, assignors, to the Lawrence Press
Co., of Ohio; all rights. $27,000.

Paul W. Leffier invenlf)r. to the Lelller Elec-
tro Magnetic Railway Co., of 111.. Electric Kail-
way: all rights. $1,000,000.

Ellsworth D. Middlelcauff inventor, to An-
drew N. Aitken of San I'rancisco, Cal., Sickle
Grinders: an undivided half interest. $50.n(i0.

John IMooers, inventor, to Eugene Stafford of
Kellogg, Iowa, Ironing Tables; all rights.
$2,000.

Edwin L. Martin inventor, to the Locomotive
Feed Water ami Healer Co., of. DaK'erslield,
Cab, Circulating Tubular Doilers; all rights.
SI. 000,000.

Susan A. Mackie inventor, to the Torrent
Washer Co., of Detroit, Mich., Wash Doiler; all
rights. $10,000.

Frederick W. Nall inventr)r. to Hugh 10.
Kenny and Samuel 1. Slade of Detroit, Mich.,
iNIonev Changers; an undivided two-thirds.
$5.000 ’ ’ ■

Chas. W. Rodecker inventor. J. W. Doggess,
assignor, to C. W. Rodeckvo' of Cherry vale,
Kaiis., Window Screen ; all rights for twenty-
eight stales. $5,000.

Emmet B. Raymond inventor, Gii’-* Srevers
and others, assignors, to James E. Baker of
Denv’er, Colo., Oil Vajiorizer and Burner; all
rights for the state of Colorado. $6,0oo.

David A. Wesley inventor, to the Champion
Roaster Co., of Dulte Citv. Montana, Cooking
l»ans; all rights. $500,(H10.'

Henry A. Walke inventor, to IT. A. Wallce of
Columbus, Ohio. Fountain Pens: one iindivide«.l
half interest. $2,500.

James W. Woodward inventor, to Warn-n
Drowning and D. L- Jones of Fayette Co.. Ills..
Ice Cream Freezer; all rights. $5,000.

Industrial Notes.

The Lawrence, Mass., Duck Mills will reduce
wages 10 to 20 jttM' cent.

Straus Sz Co.'s Silk Mill is being removed
from 'S’oiikers to Paterson. N. J.

The drouth in California has ruined the wheat
and barli'y cro]) in many sections.

l^uddlers in Sligo, {l*a.') mill are workingon a
co-operative jtrofit-shari ng system.

The Ellwood Tin Plate Conij>any, at Ellwood
Citv, l*a..will soon begin o])erati(>ns.

A contract fora tin plate ]>lant to cost $100, oni)
and toem])lov 500 liands was signed at Marion,
Ind.

A revival is noted in the plate glass industry
in the vicinity of Pittsburg, equivleiit to 50 i»rr
cent.

A woolen mill is about to be established at
Cavalier, N. Dak., by J. O. Dlickiield. of Grand
Forks.

The largest ingot ever cast at Homestead,
was turned out recently and weighed 175. ono
j)ounds.

The owners of l*eabody Cotton Mills, at
Rahway, N. J., have resliired the 10 per cent cut
in wages.

The Branford Lock Works were sohl at auc-
tion last nionlii to the Yale A' Towne Manufac-
turing Company.

The ])lant of Wilke's Rolling Mill Company,
at Sharon. Pa., has closed down on account of
business depression.

It is said that sufficient cajiital is now forth-
coming to ])Ul the ])roposed Delaware ami
Chesapeake Sliij) Canal on a jiraclical basis.

An increase of 10 per cent in wages to go into
effect May 1st., has been announced by the Con-
solidated Steel and "Wire Com])any, ot Jtdiel, 111.
□ The Johnson Comjiany, Cleveland, has bcnoi
incorporated with a capital of $5,niH),0(X). The
new ct)ncern will manufacture steel, iron and
coke in all forms and also engage in mining,

British metal authorities ])rodict that alumi-
num will be sold this year in Europe at 45cen1s
a pound. They contend that it will be produced
in enormous (juaiitities :ind at prices which will
permit many new uses.

The Logan Iron and Steel Works, near Lewis-
ton. Pa., were almost completely' destroyed by
fire on April 17th. The loss is estimalcd at
$l(K.),0l.K); partially insured. About ion men are
thrown out of em])U)y meiit.

The Edison Electric Illuminating Company,
of Philadelphia, paid so well the first three
months of this year that is lias declared its
usual «[uarterly dividend of 2 per cenl'aiid an
extra dividend of 1-5 per cent.

The severity of the depression in Western
agricultural interests is illustrated by the con-
dition of the steam thresher business. Manu-
facturers state that their oiit])ut in 1894 will
hardly exceed 20 per cent of that of 1892.

After boring to a depth of 5,800 feet, the Win-
chester Repeating Arms Company, at New
Haven, Conn., has failed to secure a sufficient
artesian flow and abandoned the work. Over
$50,000 has been expended in the experiment.

The statement of the country's foreign trade
for the nine months eiuling with March, shows
that exports exceeded imports by $223,505,885,
whereas for the correspoding perhxl of a year
ago there was an adverse balance of $9,050,000.

A recent lest of the lignite coal of North
Dakota by the St. Paul Board of Trade, has
demonstrated its excellence and the feasibility
of its use as far east as St. Paul ami Minneapo-
lis in competition with coal brought from I’enn-
sylvania via the lakes.

Comparing British production with the out-
put in the United Stales, the American output
of pig iron in 1802 was 2,54<), 110 tons greater t ban
that of Great Britain; during 1893 it was but
2'D.6til tons more. This decrease was almost
entirely in the last half of the year.

The report of the /ro/i -Igc shows that the
weekly capacity of the furnaces in blast on
April 1 was 120,752 tons, an increase of 16,506
tons over March 1. This is an increase since

( )cloher 1 . when the lowi'^l ])oinl()f ]>roductinii
was reached, ot 55,<H)0 tons a wi-ek, but is 52.oini
tons less Ilian the weeklv capacity of Aindl 1.
1805.

The first armor ])iercing sludl of 15 inch call-
h(*r yet niadt* will shortly be 1i*sled at the na\ al
ord nance jn'ovi iig grou iids on the I’otoniac. s:ty
7)7)// . Igc. It is made of stixd. forged by the
Wheeler-Sterling ])rocess. The tarirel will be
a 17 inch nickel steel ])late from the Cariiegi.-
Works, the heaviest yet made for the (iovern-
menl.

The Minnesota Canal C(»m]»any reccmtlv or-
ganized, is said to he about ready to beL''in
(qierations on the construction of a 35-niile canal
forty fe(*t wide. connectiiiL'' St. Louis riverwilh
Duluth for tlie ]mr])ose of furnishing Jnn.nnn
horse ]>ower for Hu* op<‘ralion of mills ;in<l fac-
tories. It is est i mated tlie work' will req ui vc two
years and cost $5.(*oi).no().

Electric Flashes.

An electric railway is to be built betwt'en Los
Angeles and Pasadena, Cal.

A 11 oxhihilion of electrically-driven machine
tools is to be held at Dnda-Pesth from Mav 27
to Sei)t. 5n, 1894.

J'lio ]>ro])osition to bond the city of Grand
Rajiids. Mich., for an electric lighting plant
has been carried by a vote of 5.922 to 2.129.

It is announced that an international exhi-
1)1 1 ion of li lie arts and electricity is t o he lield i n
Rome. Italy, from Sept. 29. 1895, to June 59, 189(,.

The bill introduced by Mr. Catchings. in the
House, comteia])lates the building of an ele-
val(‘d elect ric road belweioi the cities of Wash-
iiiL’'1on and New "^kirk. The ca])Ital is jilaced
at $15,009,999.

The death is an non need of tlie R iissian i nven-
lor and electrician. Paul Jablochkoff. In 1877
he ])roduced the now famous arc lani]). the Jab-
loclikoff "candle," which was used to light the
Avenue de L'Ojiera. Paris, 1878.

The eiHire electric jilant of the Ca]»ital Gas
Company. Sacramento, Cal., which holds con-
tracts for the lighting of the city and the rnii-
11 i ng of si reel cars, was burned on t ho 18t li u ll..
Till' total loss is estiniati‘d of $390,999.

The shi]) channel from the Gulf to the city of
Mobile is soon to be lighted by electricity. The
])lant will be the largest so far used for a simi-
lar i>urpose. Thechanind istliirty miles long,
and the alternating current .system has been
ado]>ted.

The United Electric railroad of Nashville,
Tenn.. was sold at auction last month to Na-
thaniel Baxter. Jr., who represents the bond-
holders, for $158,5il9. The ]>urcliasers assume
$1,510,999. The lines o]>erated by the coni])aiiy
aggregate forty-six miles.

The jirojected construction of a four-track'
trolley road between Pliiladelpliia and Harris-
burg, Pa., is announced. The distance between
the I wo poi nts is about 199 miles. A company
has been formed 'for the pur])ose, that, it is
said. re])resents large moneyed Inter<‘st. The
road will be built from one end to tlie other on
])rivate rights of way. and all grade crossings
will be avoided. The roadbe«i is to be of the
bi*st const ruction, stone ballasle«l, ami t he t rack
Avill be of standard gauge. A 79ponml rail will
be used. There will be no grades e.xceeding 4
per cent. The V)lock signal system will be used
over the entire line.

Resuming Operations.

Gilbert Coniiiany's Woolen Mills at Ware and
Gilberlsville, Muss.; Linwood Woolen IMill, at
North Adams, IMass.; Amsterdam Knitting
Company, of Rocktv)n, N. Y.: Mill Mannfaclnr-
ing Com])any, at Millville. N. J.: Hanover
Woolen Mills, al Galena, 111.: Woolen Mill, at
Evansville, Ind., with 10 per cent reduction in
wages; ArHngton Woolen Mills, at Wilniiiig-
toii, Del., with 500 men: Woonsocket, R. L.
Rubber Company : Langdon Dre Mines,
Tecumcch. Ala.; Steel Plant, at Ashland. K\ .;
Manchester Woolen Mills, near Fort Worth,
Texas; Belmont Furnaceof Wheeling Steel and
Iron Company, Wheeling, W. Ya.: Engine and
Iron Works, Siou.x City. la.: the Belmont INTill
of the Wheeling Iron and Steel Comiiany, at
Wheeling, W. Va.; JCast Hani]>ton, Mass.,
Spinning Comiiany; all the manufacturing
establisli nieiits in Woonsocket, R. I.; William
Clark Company, Westerly, R. 1.; Cohoes Knit-
ting Mi 11, at Coiioes. N. Y. : "‘Famous" Knitting'
IVIills, al Chillicotlie, ()hio: Woolen ’Mill, at
Woodland, Cal.; Me.xico, Mo., Fire Brick
Works; Union Rolling Mill Company, Cleve-
land.

Who Has Back Numbers of Inventive Age?

The Inventive A('.e wants the following
hack iinmbers and will be pleased to pay all e.x-
pense of postage.

1889— Nos. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 22
and 24.

Nos. 25, 27. 28, 29, 50, 51 . 52, 35, 56, 37. 58. 40,
41. 43. 44. 45, 47. 4s, and 50.

1891— Nos. 51. 52, 54, 55, 59, 64, 72, 75, 7(».

1892— Nos.— 67. 78. 81, 88, 94.

1895 — January, May. June and July issues.

Advise us by postal in ad\ance of wliat num-
bers you will send and we will forwanl stamps
for mailing.

The Inventive Age,

Washington, D. C.

Secretary Maynard, of the AnuM'ican As-
sociation of Inventors and Manufacturers, has
sent out the first iiistallmeut of the proceedings
of the third annual meeting, held iu Washing-
ton, in January last. Additional pages, con-
taining the papers read at the meeting will be
sent out to members of the association later.
The proceedings appeared in the February num-
ber of the Inventive A(;e and one or more of
the papers are being i>ublished each month:
that of Hon. B. H. Warner, president of the
Washington Board of Trade, being printed in
this issue.

invenhvj: ai.i. ni'ii.Di ni

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The Inventive. A(;e: and any one of the
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How to Make Electric Batteries al
llomo, fully illustrated, by Edward
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illustrated, by Trevert.

How to (Make a Dynamo, bv 'i'revt*rl.
Practical I)irecl ions for Electric Bell
Fitting iiod Electric Gas Lighting,
hy Trevert.

Eliiiu Tliomiison's What i>. Electric-

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pOR SAI.E. — IMy ])atent. No. 512.526: Reversi-
* ble Toboggan Slidi*s; can be made l5or29
feet long for children, nothing better for pleas-

ure and e.xerciso. Will sell state rights or sell
the ])alent outright . Write for my ])rices. T. M.
Richards, Kbeiisburg, Pa., Cambria Co.

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The Inventive. A<;e: has made arraiige-
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]>aid for $1 .55.

Still another great offer is that of the Peo-
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The Chicago World's Fair buildings are still
on the market. The ])u rchasor whose offer was
accepted failed to put in the rtxjuired cash, and
the contract made with him has therefore been
repudiated. Negotiations are now being made
by Chieago jiarties for several of the buildings
separately. It is a question whether $75,000 will
be realized for the buildings iu the aggregate.

10:3

THB INVENTIVE AQE

CLASSIFIED list of Patents issued during the mouth appears in each issue of the Inventive Age, which keeps inventors posted in the art in which the}" are

mostly interested. The full address of any patentee, and number of patent found below sent to any address on receipt of one 2-cent stamp. We will

send, "postpaid, to any address, printed copies of any U. S. patents, with specifications and drawings, upon receipt of 20 cents for one copy ; 35 cents for two
copies ; ”50 cents for three copies. (See premium offer elsewhere iu this issue.) Address THE INTENTIVE AGE, 8th And H Sts., Washington, D. C.

CLASf

mo:

sen

LIST OF PATENTS

granted eor inventions,
MARCH 27, 1894.

(See note at head of this list.]

Afi<K mukiiig ci'iicciitruted nitric. 11 A
Fra.'cli.

Ail'liiiir K F iberg

A'Miiig niiicliiue. W K Nicliols.

Aiiilii.-.'. siil.stractiiigund recorthn.u- macliinc.

W W Hopkins.

Air braki- apparatiH. .1 B Stowart.

Air forcing apparatus. B F Evans.

All' hor bnx. II A Ooftz.

Anil' aliiig and liardciiing stool rods or w iio.

( ’ W Bildt.

Ai'parol hanger, wearing. 0 Bncli.

.\>plialt rock, niacliine for crushing and
gi inding. d 1 1 Taliler. •

Aw ning. <' Leclenap

A\lo. vidiii lc. i 11 Weslinghoiiso.

Bihv walker. N I* Biadisli and J II Wil "x.

B ink, pocket savings. N A Shigon.
Ba'oinotor, conii'oiind tri-liipud. (.) H NVood-
W<»i til.

Barrel filler. C U Bahl>itt.

Bariel Wiishei'. I' lb Andi'i'sou.

B.arrels to stocks, deta< haMy .•*ocuring. A
Burger-s.

Batte'-ies. apparatus for supidying -t leniov-
ing storage. \N I'> \\ortiien.

Boaiing. vidiicle liall. P Btdlit.

Bod, Cl .mihination folding. E lO Murphy.
B'‘d.ktHail. 11 Karp.

Beer, method of and apparatus foiwxtracting
air from, d limit.

B-dl. K 1) UiH kwell.

I'.I-II, hicvi-le. K II (’liaile<.

B.-indi iloti. F A NVa> land.

Bicycle H'i, justing device, d 11 Princo.

Bievele Speeil geaiillg A 1> Ihillgle.

Bicyeles, A’c . tli iving mechani.-in for. did
Allen and •! Parker.

Blowi-r or force pump, rotary prossnr<‘. d
(iodfre.v.

Boiler tubes, protecting etids ot. 11

Wiggo.

B.dt cutter. M P Lindirs.

B.iok, check. I B Alter.

Book, iluplicating check, d (.tldfield.

Book sup]iort. t ' h W ork.

Bo.di, wall, d B Nash.

Boot or shoe stretcher. T; B < ohh.

Brake actuating niechani-^ni T Foiiway.
Bread or cake )iox. d M lieat.

Biibhie blower. P P Holton.

Bung closure. I’l lla/lehui>t.

Cable convcyr.s, Ac., coupling for. i^ICar-
lalid

< 'aleulating apparatus. V t^oulier.
('alipergugc C F Billings.

(’alipers. d Itanda.

('aliper.s, niierouieter. -I P Sloane.

Camera tripod or support. K Perry, dr.

( 'an opener. C L Poiiovan.

Canceling machine, card. A A Low.

Cane fah’ies, device tor weaving diagonal
strands into. P E Warfield.

<‘ane, umbrella. B NNaples, dr.
ranteen. M Lara.

( 'ar brake. L H < ole.

Car brake adjuster, d W Winters.

Cal’ brake statf ratelag. P Herbig.

Car biitling mecliaiiism. H (' Bnbonp.

Cai coupling, d I> l-ocke.

Car coupling. C W Patton.

Carconjding, 2. A W Van P-irsttm.

Car draft rigging, 2. -A E Mitrhell.

Car, mail or expt ess. A\ P Patterson.

Car safety gnaiil, o[ien. Hart.

< ar sanding (h'vice. C E Holbert.

Caibnretor. d W Iianibert.

Carrier apparatus, d 11 Pollock.

< 'asks, pitcliing. • LWagner.

(.lasting crueible steel ingots. E Siiiifb,
Casting inacbine, type. II Heinebaeli.
('astiiigs, mold for making. N P Bail‘r*y.

( 'eiitrifngal sej'arator. C II Schaiar.

('hair brace. P L Trexler.

Check hook. W K Moore.

Cliimney top, ventilated, d F Siiivey.

Circuit closer. C E .Mien.

Coth'e making machine, d List an<l \\ B
Smith.

Coin receiving apparatus. (.' (' Clawson.

Coin receptacle. H Bussell.

( 'ollar and hame, horse. P K Ihll.

Coininofle. P H Murphy. (Reissue).
Compass deviations, ainiaratirs for determin-
ing,‘’orrecting, or eoinpensaling. C '1' lb
Clausen.

Conduit subterranean. F' Lang.

Con* I'ox. (-» .V hamliert.

CoiTi crilihing niacliine. fj Vlilleii.

Corn cutting maehine. ]\1 L Hydorn.

Corset slillciier. d Wolfl'.

Cradle. W II VIeekins.

Crane, overhead traveling. G A True.

Crate, knock town. S F Sherman.

< 'nil fastener, d A' AA'ashhurne.

(Uiltivator. E II I\laine.

(Ailtivator. P L Neisler.

Cult.vator. d W Norton.

(Uirhpin. K G Lambert.

(hirry comb, d U Bloser.

Dead centers, devici- for overcoming. C M
Currey.

Delivering goods, apparatus for antoinat-
ically. A F Martel.

Dental engine head. A d Harris,
liental handpiece angle attachment, 2. IX G
Stanbrougii.

Dental plates, manufacturing. G A Tomp-
kins.

Depuiator. E II Gollings.

Diamond setting. F P D’Arcy.

Door fastener. T G Selleck.

Door hanger. R G Davison.

Dovetailing machine. TI Farchmin.

Drilling machine. L Reichert.

Priviug gear. T (' llohiiLSon, dr.

Diiiiib waiters, elecliical ajipliaiice lor. J
H Roberts.

T)ynamite and making same. W T Koclies-
ter and d McArthur.

Elbow, metal covered. E T Greenfield.

Electric calling apparatn.s. Dll Ki<e.

Electric elevator. E 10 Ilerdmnn. (Uei.ssne.)
Electri • lieater. L B Row ley.

Electi’ic motor or dynamo electric inaehine.

,J A\' Ill'TldelSoIl.

Electric switch, d S Gibbs.

Eh-etrical apparatus, safety cut out tor. 11
Leinpaiid AI d AVightiiian.

Ibleclrical indicator. A F Kennellv.

Electrical kcyhoaid. (' F Allen
Electrically operated elevator. F F Herd-
man. ( Reissue ).

Elevated carri(*i. G W Keen.

Elevator gate opeiating device. C C Haw-
kins.

Elliptical s|-riiig. I' an<l d d Laa>s
El aser. .-lati* I u’ l'laci\hoard. P F pempsey.
Exhihitiiiir machine, combined card and
dice. .1 .1 AN’atsou.

Exti'iisioii l;ey. A .\ [>ovev-

Fan, eb'ctiii’ ventilating. C peAIott.

I’Vnce iiiachiiie, hainl. E Warner.

Fence jio.-t. A Stoner.

Fence, wire, .s ('. Boweii.

FiMK'iiig wire G C W'right.

Filter. .1 Roger.

Fire e.'Ca[ii‘. C P Idiesoii and F ,\ Pellas.

I' ii c escape or lifter. A\ Welleii>.

Fire exti iigiii'her. P F Prosser.

Fire kindler. P Pe'-chong.

Folding niacliine W Alendham.

I'l iiit piclx(*r. AV 11 Paw .

Fur from jieits, machine for cutting. C E
Sackelt.

I'liriiace giate. lioilei . H (' WiuH^ins
Furnace or other fine, still. T W (’hainher-
lain and F \j Xiraii

Furnace, traveling giate. F H Pii haids
Fill 11 it til' •, device for fastc'iiiiig sli [i cover.s on
upholstered. 11 Seller.

Fiirniture, office. A\' d Mc(dra1h.

Galvaiiometer. EG W illyim iig.

Game aiijiaratus. E L (‘oltin.

Game niacliine. disk operated, d Hunt.
Game of curling, device foi playing tlie. J
B llaniiltoii.

Garbage huriii ng apparatus. AV Ri-ley.
Garliage crematory. J E jMcKay an*l A G
Pelaiioy.

Gainieiit supiiorter. AV C Iloyt.

( h’l.s engine. R Tliayer.

Gas gmiei ator. 11 FSinitli.

Gas machine, hydrogen. H R I’oiiieroy.

Gas, maimfaetiit ing. G I\1 Westmaii.

Gas under. U 11 Sprague.

Gas meters, Ac , regi'-ti*!’ for. H B Goodwin.
Gas prodnci*r. E d Putt.

Gasometer. W Wood.

Gale. A ( 'roiikhite.

Gate. A d Russell ami d A Mattooii.

( bite. S d Smit h.

(ilass bottles a]iparaliLs for manufacturing.
II i\I Asliley.

Glass tiiiishiiig niacliine. A .1 Nellis.
Governor, marine engine, d AV Winters,
(iiaiii shocking machine. R Connell.

(.hille. R T Bertelseii.

Giiiile and fi>li plate, combined. H W Cia-
iiier.

Gun luck, breakdown. J Conner.

Hair culler. SK Mathews,
llaiiimer, >teain. T M Shearer.

Hamiles and covers to vessels, attaching. G
AV Niedringhaus.

Hanging or sw inging cliair S F Purington.

I lairow. \ BrocUselimi'lt.

Harrow, r«'Vo|ving. S Slioemalcer.

Harrow, track. 11 linker.

Ilaiwe.'ter, cotton, -J. G Lisiieiiaph
Harvesting inijilenieiit, liav- A Smith and

E H Lloyd.

Hat bodies with hair, niachim* for covering
i‘ P A lies.

Ila\ raki*. B 1' Smith.

Hay stacker, d L Ftinkliauser.

Headlight. W Pre.-eott.

Heating and ' oidviiig device. d Alliiigliam.
Healing system. \l M Pixon.

I I eel. A P G' >1 liam.

Hinge d Nichols.

Hobby horse. R A Iloiuing.

Ilug trough. C F llaigler.

Hoi)k. .)' P Kellogg.

Horseshoe. W Smith.

Hose coupling, d M I’lior.

Hose coupling clamp. F P Taylor,
llosf* eiitting and nioiintiiig mai hinc. d P
Nolan and d P Connell.

Huh, w heel. T S Fiehl.

Hub, wheel. I N Rothrock.
llumidilier. d Ta\ lor.

Hydrant, d II I’ien’e.

Jlydrocurhon hiirnei. P M Soiner.s.

Ice cream freezer. C II A Gerding.

Ink feeder. M d Polphin.

Ink making device. G Wt-xler and E Nieii-
staedt.

Inkstand. (' E Jewell.

Ironing machine, gat ment. AV Choim,
dar fastener, fruit. N H Long.

Jar rack or liolder, fruit. A E Frost.
Knitting machines, stopping mechanism for
circular. 11 A Houseman.

Ladder, aerial. .1 P Alexander.

Ladder, fire. R Brayton.

Ladle suiiport. L L Pow ell.

Lamp. J U Pomeroy.

Lamp, carbureting gas. A Kitson.

Lamp, electric. F C Rockwell.

Lamp electrode, arc. S ileimann.

Lamp, incandescent electric. R P Asliwell
and G AV Tuttle.

Landpressrr. C C Maxwell.

Last. H W Mohbs and A Lewis.

Latch. M S Alillard.

Lifting or hoisting tool. D Kirkbride.
Locomotive. AV E Wortben.

Log carrier cushion. E C Kilgore.

Loom. W E Praper.

L"om shediiing inecliani.sm. 0 H Thomas.
Loom, slat and w ire fabric. 0 E Parks and
LAIollart.

Lounge or conch, folding. T Hall.
Tmhricator. C A P(*him*y.

Lubricator. J B Purvis.

Imhricator. C H Riilsilale.

Lumber Jack- CP Clarke,

Lumber trimmings for boxes, A'c.. jirepariiig.

A T Limlennan.

Pleasure, tailor's adjustable. AV A'eitcb.
Meti.sining instrunn'iit, electrical. R M Hun-
ter.

Aleat clioppiiig niacliine. W Sclieflel.
lAleat cntl'T. ( ' Ih’oeg.

Meta! slu'ets, m ieliine for joining and roll-
ing. W S Grafton.

Metal tai>ping or drilling niacliine. T I
Brow lie

M ilk inspei ting apparatus. A\ G Spence.

Alill. R Hal ITS.

.Milling niacliine. E Meyeis.

Alirror fianie. .1 1' W ilmot.

Alixing niacliine. 2. R Ilaitmann.

Moldings, coiner piere for loom A Simon.
Mop w ringer ami pail. 11 Ihiniey.

Aliisii’al iiiNtruriHTit. AV A Seileit.

Nut lock. P F Bourgeois.

Nut lot k. 10 S ‘ III peiiter.

Nil t loi k. d 1 ) T\ ne<.

Gil liuriiei . ( ' A Holdi idgo,

(.)il burner, it nde. M Lymdi.

Piler for elevator guMes, autoiiiat ic. W d
Ferguson.

( Udrianee. antoinatically operated liri-ech
ineehaiii'iii Ibr. A Nol.)h*and (' H .Mur-
ray.

Oven, bake-, d .1 i 'h -n 111 iige r.

(.)ven, bakeCs. F Stolz.

Paekingcas . P !■' Gritfitli'.

Paper makiiig niaehim* (i liiiid.

Taper pulp making inacbine. >heldon.
I’avcnients, method of and api-aiatiM for re-
pairing a>phalt A H Peikins.
Phoijograj'h. H LSaiih'in.

Photographii- hackgroiiiul holiler. (' G dohir
soil.

I hotngraphic camel a shutter. A\ L Light-
ford.

I’hotograpliic gallery skylight. AV H and J
Slia w.

Pia»'u, zither. A Marberger.

Pianos, mu.'-ic <lesk tbr upright, d P Rich-
ardson.

Pictnr*' hangiT', adjiistahle. At Schwuitz.
I’iriiiaii head. P Swenson.

Planer, felly. AV R Punn
Planter, corn. R F Smitli.

Plalfonn step. .A G Leonard.

Plow, d T and d A Prummnnd
Plow, d S Edge.

I*low, steam. (' F dohnson.

Preeioiis ni<*t al, ornaineiiting and etching.
H (doialw in.

I’reserviiig vegctahl(*s G Piiiont Pennis.
I’rinting niacliine, platen. F Hanild and d
F Bucklaiid.

Pi’ojieller, scri‘\\ . A W Case.

Proi'elliT’, screw . F Gtte.

Pruning implement. .1 L doyce.

I’ulvei i/er. A Fiscus.

Ihilverizing machine. W Al Fuller.

I’ump, coiiipie.^sioii or exhau>t. H IMeus.s
Punijiiiig apparatus. AV P> Ncvill.

Puncli. staiiiinng. E Sallzlioi n and L Nico-
lai.

Punch, ticket. G F Alatteson.

Radiator, oil. U Kuiipel.

Rail clamping or fa.stening device. AI A
Possoiis.

Railway cro.ss tie. J Temple and .1 C W'ard.
Railway crossing ilanger signal. S Kyer and
P Snndt/er.

liailway, electrical. B Bidwell.

Railway flag signal, antoinatic. P Al Bailey
Railway l ail and chair and uniting same Al
M Snppes.

Railway sw Iteh. 11 Elliot.

Railway switch, d C Woolvertoii.

Railway switch am) signal appaiatus. Ij C
Norton and L A 1 »i‘Vim*.

Railwav terminal tran.sfer and switch yard,
d P .Millar.

Railway tie, nietil. A E Roberts.

Railway traelv structure. P llevner.

Railway rolli-y, electric. F S Chiin h.
Retrigerating niacliine. L Bioi k.

Registei ing mecliaiiism. C P Gott.
Revolvers, swinging cylinder and trigger
lock for. P B We.'soii.

Ring gag. •. W F Pidl.

Riveting niacliine. E Saltzkoi n and \j Ni-
colai.

Roasting <’ottee, cocoa, tVc., ai']iaraln.-< for. C
A (.itto.

Rod mill floor. G Tjehherger.

Rolling mill, taper. C B Andrews.

Safe. C E ( lark.

Sail for vi-.ssels. T AV Ratsey.

Sand distiihuter. II Alooihonse.

Sash securing device. A Little.

Secoii'lary battery. G L Ballard.

Sewing machine. P Brown.

Sewing machine, d (J Goodwin. .

Sewing machiiH*, buttonhole, AV A' Aliller.
Sewing machine trimmer, .f 0 Goodwin.
Shears. H T Seymour.

Sheet metal cans, manufacturing. J Lee.
Sheet metal spinning, machimuy for. F
Habermau,

Sheet shackle. F' Robinson A
Shelf, metallic. CW Mar'jnardt.

Shoe nailing machine. E P (’liilds.
Showcase. AV G Irw'in.

Sieve, ash. d Goldman.

Signals, electrical apparatus for controlling.
M B Leonard.

Sleigh knee socket. B F Sweet.

Smoke and spark arre.ster E R dones.

Smoke, apparatus for removing impurities
from. E A' Reiss.

Smoke consumer. G Rhoden.

Smoke consuming furnace. S T Armstrong.
Soap’ ]iressing and stainiiiiig machine. D 0
Ralston.

Sjiinille hearing, d H Noi throji.

Spinning mule safety attachment. E G Ahir-
iiey.

Sjdiiniiig s])indles, device for adjusting bear-
ings nf, G G Praper.

Stair rod. A dunes.

Stamp attai hing device, d G Pulling.

Stamp canceling ami i*o.-t marking letters,
machine for. Al d polphin.

Steam lioiier. G E Nilsson.

Steam boiler, water tube. Al II G Sliann.
Steamer, fruit or V(*getahle. Al Fuller.

Stool and cam* caiul'. Al K Malhewsoii.
Store fixture brat ket. R P Palmeiiherg.
Straw stacker, pneumatic, d \V Nelhery.
Stump extiactor. G B Pulley.

Taiih t forming machine, d Beddow.
Tanning, process of and apparatus tor. B
Warrand.

1'< le|ihone >w itcli. F R Colvin.

Teleplione >tem, single line. .1 I Sabin
and \\ Hamilton.

Ti'iisioii devire 11 Hihhert R I'awi.'ett, and
.1 Will thinatoii.

Te.xtiiig niaeliine clamp. CC Aliller.

Thei iiioeanter. H W ilsoii.

'I'ln-i mmiu'lei . !•; Linder.

‘J lie and l•onsrlTKting .same, illuminating. P
M Bruner.

Tile |i|;iei liii de \ ire d' ('Cook,
hie. 2 C Kelii.

Ti re, pneuiiial ie. G A nie.s.

Tile, piienmalic R F 'I'olliier and C N Potter
Ti I e pi oieetor, pneiimat ie. AS L)a\y.

Tire, W liet'l. I L Ames.

Til e, W hel l. ( ’ Kehr.

'f ire.s lo w heel I inis, mean. s for seen ri iig pneu-
matic. P Pavies
Tobacco pi|'e. F (> r)eloe.
d'oggle press. A\ E Brock.

'rongue> anil grooves in <*nds of flooring
hoards, iiiachiiie fur forming i ntei fitting.
.1 P Burnham.

Tungniiig and grooving ends of flooring
boards, macliiiie for. .1 P Burnham.

Tool holder. F A Pratt.

Toijiedo launching tube. E A\ Llo^d and C
\V Iliitchinsoii.

Transom opener, d i'l Anger.

Traveling liag, 2. G W iHi inghans.

Tricycle. F Beiia.

Tridley cab her. L G Aluwry.

Truck. F Hi' kman.

Truck, lioiise iimviiig. S C Alajile.

Truss. 1-’ B Rustel.

Tug, haiiic. H Bockelman.

Turnstile. S P Walm-sley.

Turn talile. W H Pratt and d Biunner.

Turn tahh*. G Rolirl'ach.

Tiinet mechanism F H Richards.

Tw isting machine stop motion. II and .1 W
Collins.

pe setting apparatus. !.< K dohn.soti.

Type writer eahinet. S L Conde.

A'alve. .1 Cattaiiach.

A'alve. P AIcCurmack.

A’alve. d F Stuniiard.

A’alve, air. P R Berry.

A'apor liiiiTier. d A J-anuert, \\ ti dcavons,
and W 1 ! W ilder.

A'eliicle wlieel. W AV A'aleiitine.

A^essel, sailing. .! Al Boorman.

Vessels, self regulating diseliarge for closed.

.\ 11 and T A .Nhlueter.

A'iNe. .) Al Lewis.

Wa-'hhoard. 0 B Lntouiski
A\ a>hing machine. Z Al Liiidley.

AVashing niacliine. II R Ward
W alchman's sliot [iroof box. S t', A\ liiti*.

A\ hii iiiiig. W d Ale' artliy.

Wiiidiiiili. A\ A Blank.

AViiiiimill. G B Snow

W indow frame, stained glass. H A Lewie.
\\ iiidow screen and attaehmi'iit. (' II Bart-
lett, ,J r.

A\ire elotli holder AV Lasar,

A\ ire neiting inaehine. G Al AA'iight
Wrench G t) Stanley.

W rench, coiiihinatiun. 11 .V Po.^t.

PATENTS GRANTED APR. 3, ’94.

Ac’ordioii. d Galleazzi.

Aeiii, [inrifyin.g tannic. B Reinns
Air-eompre.<sor, hydraulic. FiS Imt/ and J
H Henderson.

Air, gas, Ac., receptacle or tank for the stor-
age of coiniu’essed AV Timmis.
Amalgamator. N L Raher.

Antuniatic switch. W H Smithwo th.
Bagassa-furiiJice. AV AV Sutclifle.
Band-culter and feeder, (f P Lamm and AV
feicard.

Banjo or violin tail-jiiece. R II Small.
Batteries, mantifactiuing active material for
secomlary electric. AV A B<iese.

Bed-rest, d E PluniDier.

Bed-springs, device for tightening woven-
w ire. E Al Easting.

Bedstead. G E Proctor.

Berth, Ship's. E Lawson.

Bicycle. T P> Alyde.

Bicycle-frame. F AVashhiini.
Bicycle-sa'hUe. H Bergfels.

Bicycle-saddle. H Bergfels.

Bicycles, variable driving-gear for. S C
Eiseiiliart.

Bill or account holder. J F Riddel’.
Billiard-tahle. A AVoebs.

IMiider for leaves. G H W’in.slow.

Bit for cutting rosettes. E (jlolliiis
Boiler. 11 AV Reynolds.

Boiler-cleaning cuniound. F Berger.
Boiler-K]'iir. W' S Shipe.

Bottle. J L Friedman and J AV Keiler.

Bridge, draw'. M G Schiiike.

Biooiii-corn sizing niacliine. G F AIcConibs.
Buckle. G E Adams.

Buckle, self-clarupiug and locking trace. F
P ( lark.

Bung, eximnsiblc. li AVagner.
Burglar-alaim, electric, d Frame and R B
Alorden.

Burglar-alarm spring. M T Gordon.

Bustle. E Case.

Button-attaching machine. F A Ryno.
Butbiii-fastening machine. .1 C F Dick.
Butt<»n-setting apparatus. AV B Alerritt.
Button-setting machine. I G Platt.

Camera. H Casler.

Can discharge attachment, oil. AV Mathews.
C’aii-k»‘y, self-opening. E Norton.

Cans, key for opening metal. Kleiiifehlt.
(.'ans. manufacture of nn-tallic preservings.
A A\ Li\'ingston.

Cane carriers, apparatus ft»r charging sugar.

( (Vne jiMic", neici. «ll 1 llj:

Car-hiake. 11 B I'aiv
(

C
<

ar-i’onpling.
ai’ I’onpling.
ai’-coiipliiig.
'al -coupling,
'ar-coiiiiiiiig.
’ar-coiipliiig.
'ai -con pling.
ar-feniier

K Diu.Mimre.

E .1 Lallan.

L 11 .''c^iest.

V 1 1 TaN’Ior.

B Al Wiiitleck.
B Al W hillock.
B AI Whitlociv,
P Anders*

Car-tender and autoinalic brake. W. L.

Filzhiigh.

('ar-iailway 0 G Gates, .Ir.

Car safety -guard, freiglit, Al Fitzsiiiinions.
Cal’, ventilate*! freiglit. W T Coltier.

Cards, |iii tnres, A.'., 'iilipoit for. S Dal-
sli’ iin**r and A Greeiileal.

Cui riage, liahy. Al L I'arr.

Cartri*ie,e. practice. G P R AiUin.

CaS*‘ or < aliiiiet. .1 F Ghiner.

Cask-|iitching apparatus C Berm euflier.
C*'iling*)r wainsc«iling board, d Ilensel
Ci'll cas*^ blanks, machine for I'Utting out. f
P .Mall by.

Cer*-als, prepaiiiig. AV Giider*]*ink .
Chalking ap[)aratus, l.in**. C E Andeison.
Cliiinni'y t*ipan*l veiililater. J ]■' Finch.
Churn. ( ) (,' By ler.

( 'ImiTi. .1 II li Iiiiiicam
( it* nit niaker. .1 Weaver.

Clay ai tides, glaze for. B Fr* y.

Chick .1 ?^niith.

cio*’U synchririiizer, * ledric. II S Prentiss.
Clot h, pajier. Ac,, nun bine for cutting fold-
ing ami piling. F Meisd.

(Jlotl es WTinger. C Wheder, .Ir.

Clutch, i-nenmal i(“. d F Byeis.

Coal <devat*irs, seirdnmping niediaiiism for.
A Walker.

C*>ck, gage. G Binder.

Cock, tiaiii pi|iestop. d P'Lear^g
C*ittee mill. G Ijcinhrock.

Compass, heani. W B Hunter.

ConTiiimiiis kiln. V L Youiigreii.

Cooking fo*)il over lamp ( himneys, utensil
f*>r. A N Ayies.

Out an*l waidruhe, combine*!. S C Hopkins.
C*ittun diopjier. W II .1 (.fiaxlu in.

Cov**r fill’ f } ing pans, Ac. M E Radick.
Ch’ale, berry. P A uinl lv6 W imbi’ow' and
11 F Pak*.

(.'remali*in furnace. S W Pix*»n.

Cnlinaty vessel. AI Tracy.

Curtain fixture C E Goodridi.

C’nitain stret* lier, P Al Ilartpcnce.

Pesk, a*ljustable. AI A W’ertlieiiner.

Piti hing niacliine. L A t^taiiford.

Po*ir bolt. A Aligns.

iGiubliiig webs *if fabric longitudinally, ma-
chine tor. tS Ci Goss.

l)rawiiig flame, electric stop motion. E
ami S Tw**edale and .1 f^inalley.

T)r**sses for iirotectiiig bands of flowers, at-
tachment lor lailies'. F Al Fletcher.

Plying kiln. Aaml P Kimball.

Pve, blue. G Nastvogel ami F Reingniher.

l»yeing by the aid of parami<lo*lipheny lainin .
A Weinberg.

l>y niimoineter. d A Cross.

Egg preserx ing apparatus. E H Layman.
Electiic lights, system tbr coiitrolliig. V\ F
Bra*liiei’.

Ehriric muter. AV J Still.

Electric iiioter. AV .1 Still.

Electric muter giivmnor. d F A\ inter.
Electric switch R Alackie.

El*'* trie switcli. (.! F Speed, E W Barker,
ami ( ' P I' raiik.

Electi ical sw it*’h. E Riiebd.

J'Jevator. W 11 Piickahach.

Eh'VaUir and dump. S E Kurtz.

Flevat*'!’ brake, self acting, (t W Liidovici.
Elevator gate. 0 Stocker, Jr.

Ellipsograph. G Al King.

Enamel for coating slieet metal, Ac. J Hen-
neuian

Enanu'ling iiaper or other fabrics. W II II
Childs.

Eml gate, wagon. E K Hayes.

Engraving machine. 11 A Chase.
Evap*)rating pan. S A Poche.

Excavating or dredging machine. J E A
Braun.

Eyeglasses. B U Biigbee and J Reno.

Fan, revolving. 1 1> B*)yer.

Feeil waiter pipe heater. .1 C Sliaw,

Fence. J E Phillips.

Felice, barhe*l wire. L Herw’eyer.

Fence, wire. G AV Bennett ami F Chap-
man.

Feitilizer. S B Sclieiick.

Fertilizer, plmsphatic. N B Powter.
Feitilizer, making. N B Powter.

Filter. G II Schultz, dr.

Filtering or purification of liquids. L Wag-
ner, .1 MarrandJl Ganipbell.

Fire extinguisher. J A’aii Kalker and N
Bolt.

Fire arms, detachable stuck for hand. I II

Reed.

Fish, live box for shell. T Mann.

THE IXV^EXTIVE AGE

[(>3

Flaiii;er. T W Macfiiilaiie.

Flue, safety. C E j\rartin.

Fluid discharging apparatus. W T Mess-
inger.

Flusln’ng apparatus, (r D AcUley.'

Folding chair. (i McCullonuh.

Fork. W L Laffer.

Fork cutter altaclinienf. P P ami .T Diis-
trml.

Fruit cnititjg ami pitting machine, d F
Rehni.

Fruit gatlieror. .T K Wondward.

Furnace. E B (’o.\e.

Furnace. E B (‘uxe.

Furnace. F H Richards
Furnace, tine fuel. (J Wegener.

Game apparattis. WG Burns.

Game apparatus. C C I’lawsou.

Garment and ijusset therefor, bifurcated. S
B and F F ITewis.

Garment supporter W Og»leii.

Garter djuster ami fastener. W L Brad-
dock.

Gas engine. .1 Laliataille and J .T Gralf.

Gas from crude oii, making fuel. F .\ ‘.’on-
vert.

Gazette holder. E .\dam.

Glass, apjjaratus for manufacturing plate.
E P King.

Glass melting tank oven. P' Wrede.

Grader and amalgamator, d A .\rmbruster.
Grading railways, Ac., nnu liine for. V\
.Arch.

Grain meter, rotating, d M Finch.

Grain n>eter, rotating. E K Hayes.

Grate, automatic water < irculating tire. E
D Kerris and G M Wheeler.

Grinding machine. I> 11 rimrch.

Grooving machine, H \V 3lorgan.

Gun, cane. R F Cook.

Gun cariiage.s; Hiichitr R>r litdd. .V Noble
ami R T Brankston.

Gnu sight. G H.'( hi.s.

Gymnastic appliance fur school desks. T
Be.ssing.

Hammock. T BTliotnas.

Harp. VV W Batchelder. .Ir.

Harrow disks, machine for sliai peiiing. J
L Shaw

Harrow, sprin tooth. 31 .1 Todd.

Hal ve.ster. W’ 3IcCloski*y.

Harvester. W ftlcCloskey .

Harvester, cotton. L K rnrner.

Hui vester linger, cotton. A Levedalil.

Hasp hjck. d A Hi.Kon.

Hat forming nndd. d Marshall,
fleatiug and ventilating rooms, device for.
C Mills.

Heating systems, heater for hot w ater. F E
Dack.

Hooks foi stretching cuitains, machine for
making. F t^tieuinaiin.

Horse rake. C S Sharp.

1101*86 rake C S Sharp.

Hose reel. W X Casson.

Hosiery. S Sills and J E Wood.

Hosiery cutting apparatus. I Mossop.

Ice cream freezer, d M Skipper.

Ice machines, pneumatic can hoist for. C A
McDonald.

Injector, air. d G Stamp.

Insulating compound. A Gentzsch.
Insulating tube. 31 Robinson.

Insulator. L 31ci'artliy.

Insulator pin. G H Winslow.

Jar fastening. R S Carr.

Journal box, oil drawer. J H Surtin.

Kitchen cabinet and churn, combined. J K
Hodges ami T C Dickson.

Label holder. W G Duckett.

Lacing hooks, machine for setting. J
Keith.

Lamp collar. L .T Atwood.

Lamp, iucaiulescent. A C Carey.

Lamp, minor’s safety. J Graham and II
Chapman.

Lamps, adjustible desk bract' et for electric.

S G Garlock and B W Marshall.

Last. F E Beuton.

Lathe centering device. R L Levin.

Lawn sprinkler, d Di' kens.

Leather skiving machine. A J Tewksbury.
Letter drier. D I) Howard.

Life boat. C Baswitz.

Lifting jack. B F Lewis.

Line fastener. \V S Twitty.

Liquid gage. A R Welch.

Lock. DJ Cable.

Lubricating device HP Ilumphiey.
Lubricator, d (iOiiL'inus
Lubricator. W u Nelson.

Lumber or composition material, artificial.
G S 3Ia^ hew.

Magnetic se|)arators, feeding mechanism for.
G Cohkling.

^lail transporting apparatus. R A Morgan,

Jr.

Match bo.x and cigar tip cutter, combined.
T W Foster.

Measuring machine, cloth. G P Conant.
Metal shaper, combination. H .T Hendey.
3Ietal shaper, suspen>ion. H d Hendey.
3Iicr<ipht)ne. W lieckert.

Milk purifier. R H Caswell.

Molding apparatus. .1 Shaaber.

Molding machine. W Edgar.

Mole trap. ME Parbarn.

3loitising machine, veneer. H C Ward.
3Iotor. A E Whitaker.

31usical instrument, mechanical. GB Kelly.
Nectie. G Selowsky.

Nut lock. J H Burrows,

Nut lock. S W Wright.

Nut making machine. A Urban.

Ordnance, .lighting ami indicating, appa-
ratus for. H H Grenfell.

Ore separator and classifier. J ? Foley, B
H Dmishee and D H .\nderson.

Packing for rock drilling engines. G 31
Gitlieus.

Packing, piston rod. A H Clark.

Paper bags, making. W A Lorenz.

Paper feeiling mechanism. E r>ummer.
Pasting device for sheets, tlies, strips, Ac. A
Day.

Pasting table, foliling. L 3Iaurer.

Peeling table, fruit. F 31 Anderson.

Pen rack. W S 3Iendenbal].

Pencil sliaiqieuer, .\ Werner.

Perforating macliine. G B Kelly.
Photograjiliic camera multiplying attach-
ment. D S Cole.

Pipe, clip for use in making joints in « ast
iron. K H Gowing.

Pipes in situ, manufacture of monolithic.
E L Ransciine.

Pitchers Ac., shield for 31 L Bu kley
I’laiiter. hand corn. P Scheiidzeb-s.

Potato digger, d A Buck.

Pressure, apparatus fi>r indicating and legn-
lating lliiid. d H (htrtrell.

Printing macliine. (.' P Cottrell,

Proju-ctile. F M Ashly.

Pulley, expansible ditforential. W Roney.
Pump, centrifugal. G W I’rice.

Pumping machinery. 31 Foster.

Railway, conduit electric. H A Goreham.
Railway, conduit electric. W F Jenkins.
Railway, conduit electric. W C Kcitlily.
Railway crossing gate. C and T A Cor-
bin.

Railway, indiictitui electric. C E Roehl.

Rail way rail and joint, combinalioii W H
3IcCormirk.

Radway rail clamp. D B Rutfner.

Railway rail girder joint. .1 31 Price
Railwav signal. C C and G F Kaline and A
A Adkins.

Railway swit- li. F Brow ii.

Railway sw itch, electrically oj'erated. W S
ey.

Railway lie. R Tiinsmore.

Railway tie. .1 Neafie.

R lit way, underground conduit. W F Jen-
kins.

Piaihvays, sy.stem of elevated and suiface.
G H Barrows.

Razor blade.'*, Ac., 3Iacliinefor hollow ing. .1
Leresche.

Respiration, device for producing. J 31
Pies'*ey.

Rheijsfat. A .1 Siiaw.

R0‘ k bi'-aker, snbaijecuis. P .S R(\ss.

Rock eiu>lier. C K Wyman.

Rock drilling and holing machine. 1 N
Day.

Rock diilling and sj>littii*g. G 31 Githens.
Rolling mill. RG Wood.

Rolling rolh metal. W E Harris.

U ilN for side bearing su.spension rails. P
Eckel.

Roof or lloor, firepniof. T A Lee.

Rotary steam eiigine. W M Barnes.

Rotary steam engine. 3\' 31 Byrd

Sash Iialance. W K Moi’gau.

Sa.sli i'astener. P C Deliver.

Sash ludiler. G E Heil.

Sa>li hol'-ler. C S Lee.

Sash lock ami ^uppoI t. J S Henry.

Scale, 'Iruggist's weighing. E Kelly.

Scarf pill. H Bornstein.

Screen. L G Beers.

Secondary cell or battery. G B Henry.
Sei>arator howl, coiitrifiigal. I» J liavis.
Shade hanger, extensible. J Joseph.

Sluift coupling, ."lip. T L Baumgarteu.
Shelf, book. G \\ enker.
x'-^hingle machine. T (' Davis.

Sifter, aj-Ji. L Young(pii,st. F L N 3Ielirtens
and A Youngtpiist.

Skating rink. 31 T 31ead and S 31 Clemens.
Smoke consuming furnace. J F Cliazutte
Soap server. Toilet. H B Potter.

Soot .separator. 31 A Lutzner.

Speed varying mechanism. H H Commings.
Spindle ^tep protector. E .Tagger.

Spinning machinery spindle. B Smitli and
J 31 Howson.

Spt)oling machine stop mechanism. 0 Le-
ver and W S Grundy.

Spooling machines, automatic tension regu-
lator for. W U fct, George.

Spring catcli. A Ludwig.

Stalk cutter and rake, combined. J Priestley.
Stamp attaching machine, postage. U J
3Ioe.

Stamp sticking device. C A Sprague.

Sram[)6 to envelopes, machines for attacing
postage. G Elliot.

Staidiiig and cutting machine. C E Parks
and L 3Iollart.

Stapling and cutting machine. CE Parks
and L Mollart.

Steam and gas generator and engine, com-
hiiied. N Eaten.

Steam boiler. .1 E Green.

Steam trap. F 31 Asliley.

Slone, aitificial. A Wallenberg.

Slone working machine. R D Field and E
G Pratt.

Straw stacker, pneumatic. J W Netliery.
Straw stackers, centrifugal discharger for.
F F i.andis.

Straw stackers, centrifugal discharger for
]'ueumatic. F F Landis.

Straw stacking machine. 31 T Reeves.
Street sweejier. .1 B ilton.

Slurtiiig box. II G Williams.

Surgical ligature liolder. H A Kaysan.
Surgical table. 0 Grasemann.

Switch attachment. G D Warren and J
l-'asey.

Switch lock. S E Builett.

Swivel bracket for rods T 3Iuivis.

Table and bed, combined folding. R Et-
tinger.

Teiej'hone. S I) 31< Kelvey.

Telephone, magneto. S D MeKelvey.
Teleimoiie, magneto. S I> 3IcKelvey.
Teleidiones, coin controlled and coin return
lock for. J 31 Dashie l, Jr.

Tenoning machine. W H Bennett.
Thermometer, magnifying. S G Denton,
Tile machine. J Adamson.

Tin boxes, machine for expanding. T S
Edgar and G E Williams.

Tire, Pneumatic. G N 3Iouro, Jr.

Tire tightener. I L Carman.

Tire, Ac., hainl pump for inflating. J Dick-
ens.

Tobacco or<lering ajiparatus, moistening
chamber for. G A and G A Peple.

Toe weight. E G 31iles.

Tooth pi< k cutting machine. J Powers.

Toy. E Lindner.

Toy parachute. C G Tiefel.

Track clearer. J Ulsoii.

Train lighting and braking system, electric.
G W Swartz.

Tray, invalid. A Bender.

Tray, smoker’s. W H O’Dwyer.

Tricycle. S F Estell,

Truck. T R Camid'cll.

Truck, car. E G (iibson.

'Iruck, car, E G Gibson.

Truck, car. d L Hardie.

Trin'U, motorcar. W A l»ution and d F
Pfctch.

Tnuk, piaiu). E IC Davis.

Trunk. W 11 S Wc.stlake.

Trunk fastener. WBrnen.

Tinss. d Brick uer and A S Horr.

'J ulies or boilers, fender for metallic. F K
RmIutI.s and G M Burronghs.

Tw ine holder and take up. E Nelson.

Type di.'"tributing apparatus. G F Hilder.

Type writing machine. W P Ipientell.

Typ'' writing machines, numeral adding or
subtracting attachments for. d D J»augli-
erty.

Vacuum brake. WL Fit/.hiigh.

Valve, (i W Knapp and d V Gliamherlin.

Valve device. .1 Iteichiiiann.

Valve geai, gas engine. B II CofT'-y.

\'alve operating Miechanism. .1.1 31oure.

Vehicle seat, d 31 3h Henry.

Vehit le wheel. iiK'lallic. G S Cannon.

3'<‘hicles, nn-aiis for connecting draft animals
to T H Brigg-

Veliicles, means for connecting dtaft ani
mals to. 'r H Brigg.

Ventilator. W T Cottier.

3'essels, apparatus for raising snnk»‘n. .f
and G Taylor.

3’ine fastening, grape, (.T E RycUman and
31 Tucker.

Vine stripper. 31 3Iai)les.

3\'agoii Itoily. T W’agnerand W Halierman.

Walls or e<-ilings, finishing joint in wouuen.
G Knower.

W ashing macliine. J Beltzer.

'Washing macliine. L Kelly.

\\a>liing machine, reversing gearing. .1 G
< ’raw fuid

Wat< li « a.se spring. G Nobs.

Watehca."e.r. t<.'id for ornamenting. F Eeaii-
hert.

Watch ni(jvemeiit box. E C Fitch.

Water gage. J G Rummel.

Water heater. E Hayes.

Water iiioter. .1 W bhipley.

W ater puriljiug apparatus, d H McDtuiald,

Well drilling apparatus, hit for. S llor-

ttui.

Wells, Ac., removing articles from. L
Maish.

W lieel rims, joint for metal, d Friedenstieii.

Windinill. T D Cook.

Windmill. C E W illianison.

Wine cooler. T R Wickham.

Wiiiilow screen. W 3V Cole.

Will', ajiparatus for hardening and temper-
ing steel. E Oddy, ,1 Crosslev, E and A
5>mitli.

Wire fabric machine. F .V Williams.

Wool w ashing machine. G L P E\ re and T
d Iloj>kins.

Wraiiping macliine. L C Crowell.

Wrapping machine, uewpaper. L 0 Cro-
well.

Wrajiping machine, newspaper. L C Cro-
well.

PATENTS GRANTED APR. 10, '94.

Abdominal supporter. A H Wade.

Air brake retainei's, controller and arighter
for. .J K Leiicke.

Air brake retainers, controller ami arighter
for. d K I.encKe and F D 3Ierchant.
Animal shears. W Bell, d W Brouinhead,
u’ ll W A .Jones.

Animal trap. T Dtjnlon.

Aiiniinciat(jr, electrical. R L Hunter.
Anger, jmst hole. G P Smith and d B Bru-
ner.

Axle lubricator. .T Olson.

Baling press. D J Murphy and d Richard-
son.

Baling pie.ss. G Schubert.

Baml cutt'T and feeder, combined. H Paul,
Banjo. -1 F Barrows.

Barber’s shears. E Tolman, Jr.

Barrels, Ac , closure for. H C Campbell. •
Batter dropper. E L D Hoyle.

Bearing, liall. 6 Elliott,

Bearing, wheel hall. S Elliott.
l>ed, inv ilid. d 31 Liechty.

Beer, Ac., api>aratus for dis])ensing. d P Day.
Bell, 'ioor. J R JSautter.

Bi( ycle gear case. A M 3Ioore.

Bi -ycle gearing, changeable. H L Bailey.
I5ii vcle ."ui)i)ort. J R i.’runkleton.

Bicvcle wheel. B J Bragdon.

Billiard hall. G H Burt.

Billiard or other cues, chalk holder for. C
A Kiiaucr.

Bird trap. A Baker.

Boiler feed, automatic. L C 'Springer.

Boiler furnace, smokeless. W’ S Plummer.
Bi-ilers or pipes, lagging for. C Elirlichei.
Bolt cutter. W L Dutcher.

Boling machine. J 3Iinei.

Bottle, barber’s. J B Edmunds.

J)ottle holder. 3' \ Bacon.

Bottle stopper. C F 3IoIler.

Bottle stopper. F B Tliatclier.

Bottle stopjile. H C F E Snowman.

Bitx blanks, machine for making. T L
Kinidtsuu and d Uhri.

Box nailing macliine. W S D dg.

Brake apparatus, fluid pre.^sure .IK Lencke.
Brake slack adjuster, W H .Marshall.

Brick and tie kiln. G N Phares.

Brick kiln. F 3lacarthy.

Brick machine mold. E FernlioUz.

Bridge gate. B 3Ioore.

Bridge shoe. G S Seaman,

Brooder. S Duncan,

Brush. H B Asliton.

Brush, paint. G A Kriclil.anm.

Buckle. A 3Iarris.

Buckle. D L Saiitli.

Buckle, wire suspender, d F 3U)lloy.
Burglar alaim, portable. S 0 Law lor.
Hushing, barrel, A Kuehue.

Button attaching machine. CE Denton.
Can heading machine. 31 Jorisen.

Cane strips for splicing, machine for scarfing
ends of, H B 31orri3.

Car brake. G Chnndler and d C Dale.
Gar brake. P D Van Vradeubuig.

Gar brake mechanism. W Lawieiice.

Car coupling. S .J Fi'id.

Car Coupling. CW Hinton.

Car coujtling <i Sw it/i-i*.

( ’ar foiid'T, 3V \' MrNlanii.s.

( 'ar fi nder. B Tranter

t'ar tender, stre-et railway. K d Miiilh.

< 'ai lighting syst. in, electric. W Ihdilfi - aii'l
P Kennedy.

(.’aid table. .1 O'.M'-ara.

Gaipet fastener. .J and G !•' I\o|l..
Gaipetswe per. S 11 Kavinoij.l,

('ash and pan el earl ier. D .M Skinner.
Gasket trimming table T 15 H- ijue">y.
Ga.ster, trunk. G ‘ roin li.

Chalk sharpener, (i Hay.

‘ liiiniiev regulator. .1 Fn-rich'..
t 'liuck, lathe. S Coons and <) ifitgei>.
Cliute, coal wagon, i’ Seibert.

Circuit switch. E E Hei>h. B F Woodward,
and .1 W Pettee.

G!ipl)er, liair. J K Priest. (lfi i'.''n' j.

Clock striking api)aratus. G D Blown.
Glutcli, niacliinery. M 1> But/.

Go' k, safety gas. ‘.r W (,'iiji and G Maiwald.
Coin receiving api'aratus. (' (J GiaW'oii.
Coinpii-ssor i>r vacum pump. 1. N Trump
ami .1 E Sweet.

Concrete mul'liug appliaiK-e. A Ran
Coii'luctor hook. E \N' 3lohrofl ami < ’ W Do-
heliii.

Confections, machine for molding. 1’ W Fix.
(.'onveiter. G W Sti' kmw .

Convertible chair. L A C’liiche>ter.

‘ ‘oi ks' iew. E Becker.

Corkscrew. F H La Pierre.

Gut on, coml'ined elevator, cleaner. distrit'U-
ter and feeder for seed '1. T E Inttletield.
Cotton gill breast. A J?cliul/e.

Couch, fo ding. N Shnlernd.

Grib ui bed, child's. A W » io>sley.

Cross tie, metallic. A G Budingtoii
(-ultivator. T .1 3IcBiide.

(.'ullivator and di ill, couil.dned drag bar, W
Hull.

Cultivator and marker. G W 31urray.
(-’u>pidor holder, C E Kellogg.

(Jutter. knockdown, d K Fi<her.

Damper. J W Anderson.

Dental handpiece, S H Brooks.
iMsiiitegrator 'J. N Stedmaii.

Dispatch lube system. W G ollins.

Di.splay rack. S P Denison.

Idsplay rack O 31ageiiau.

Drilling machine. .1 \V Grown, di.

Drills, die lor the manufacture of Iw ist. .1 C
Tati.

I>ynamos to car axles, cuiiiiectiiig. 3\ Bid-
dle and P Kenne'ly.

El ctric fountain. F P Shanafelt.

IClectric motor. £ T Greenfield.

Electric motor. .1 C Henry.
lAectric j'ower appliau' c. B .1 Arnold.
Electric switch. A T 3lacGoy.

Electrical contact mechanism, d F Blake.
Electrical foot oath. L A Isaac-s.

Flectrulier, adju>lable. C 31 McCainey and
S 11 Root,

Electrolytic apparatus. II Y Castner.
Electrolytic cell. E A Le Sueur.
Electrolytical apparatus. (.' Hoepfner.
Enanieliug sheet iron ware. '1' Zwerniann.
Fhid gate fastening device. C A Anderson.
J’hivwlope, safely. 11 R llorr aid D 11 3lc-
Fall.

I'hivelopes, lettei*?, Ac, fastening device for.
G E Lemmon.

Fastening device for tubs, boxes, Ac. F T
Bradish.

Feed mill, d 0 Smith.

Feed water heater. J G Galvert.

Fence. E A Goehriiig.

F'eiice, portable. BJ Leslie.

Fence machine, wire. \’ 1 Briggs.

Filtering apparatus, wine or I'eor, 11 Haag.
Filtration of liquids. Z S Sjtalding.

J^'inger protector. GH iGiglish.

Firearm. A J Strong.

Fire escape. G Doeh'er.

Fire escape. E Igiw ton.

Fireplace lieaith lied, i'' F Faris.

Fishing aiiparatiis. II .1 Thayer.

Flax straw, composition for degumming. H
B Ware.

F’loor, illuminating. E L Raiisome.

F'lour, Ac., machine fi-r mixing, weighing
and packing. J? I Ayres.

Furnace air feeding device. T Craney.

F'ui niture packing devire. E F Tul'ach.
F'uriow opener au^ stalk knocker, combined.
G W 31nrray.

Garden implement. 1) and 3\' Riiuek,

Gas apparatus. T (’urle\'.

(uis ai'iiaratus. G F^ W lute.

Gas engine 2, J B ‘.’arse.

Gas generator. i> t?teurns.

(Ris governor, staTi'Ui. .1 Hawkyard.

Gas holder and purifier. D 3icl>onalcl.

Gas or hydrocarbon motor. 3\' j^eck.
Governor for eleetiic or other motors. N S
Keith.

Grain elevator. \ Weber and .1 R Han ison.
Gun embrasure joint. 0 3Iartiii,

Hammer, lathe and shingle. W A Wifi y.
Ilau'l bag. laily's. 31 F> lluyle.

Hand hole plates, device for fadeiiinu'. N
W Pratt.

Harvester, coi n. J .\nderson.

Harvester, corn. H K Meveiisoii.

Hatchet, d G iieales.

Hay carrier. A P Buyer.

Hay lifter, (.t Briggs.

Hay rake and loader. G F’ White.

Hay unloading device. F' A Killpack.
Headlight. E C Glazier.

Heel. J W Rogers
Heel cutter. A M' Dowell.

High chair. G A 3iorfoot.

Hinge. A 31 Granger.

Hinge, lock. Z B Gliase.

Hoisting and conveying apparatus. S 31
iiewett.

Hopple. H 3IcGulre.

I* es, coin actuated automatic mechanism for
the delivery of. H V i)ickinsuii and A G
3Iaccullocii.

Inkstand. W Hubbard,

Insulator, trollej' wire, L 3lcGarthy.

Key seating machine. W P Davis.
Keyboard, transposing. A 31arcy.

Jvilij tor huruiiig Ini-k, j-oUeiN, .v . > K

Smith.

J\lt''ti<'lj c;d<ili‘-t. .f I! I\ey"..

I.alji-lih'.; iiiai.diiii*-. J. I! E'e hi-iih-»fi-r. ‘ d
\N '•inm.ui a tr I I. - 'i,

Lahrliii^ jtiai'liiii'-. I. ii-.

Laliclijii; tiia< liiio . ui. .\ I. >l'*\*-ii-.‘
I.addt-r. till* .1 P.iiih'N all', .N| .'li< li- 1-.
I.aliip. •h'Ctl i' lleaii'l-'-i ■111. .1 I. '

l.aJiip 'had'-- aij‘1 1 1 G. .to .

Lap macliiM' '. "al«-t\ -I'-ppim: lie < ti iiii-m
for. A H MoM ' ll.

La-ti IJ mai h iia- .1 1! ‘ ri-p.

Lathe, '-hgiio' lnrllill_^ NN >h* 1). id a* k.
La\\ii e.I::e I rijiiiie-r. n ]' \\a_i,.-r.

LeV' l attachni'-iit. ^piiit. .\ ■"eliu.dl.

Lime light ap|iaratU". 3\ i.aw'*./ii.

Lock < ' T .J'iliij'"n.

Loi'k opcie-r, piieumati'’ do'-r. .1 .'"i hiiepf,

I.i CorjioTiVe, ele.-tri'- W [.aw H-IH'''.

Lor Iiii.itive-, IIH-Ile d of alel Ili'-ann thr -p.-ed
n-giilatiou • IfcTi ic. G i. liiii. iy

T.i <g harkin g iiiacli i II'- 3\' \\ aial 1' Ti >'\ mI',
Lubricator. .1 Eiia h.

Lumfie)- pjad hiiid*-r. J- Jl Ga'-a-ia^ aii'l W
Weaver.

3Iagiier. p'-rmanent. 'I' G,,lli.-r.

3Iea.'uriiig iii>triimeni. I, .>! Ih.'lge.

3l'-ut cutter, r-'tary. 1. 'I .''n"W .

3I' 'lif iiies. device for :olniihi't**i ing. 15
J’ollard.

Metal liars, to.-tiiig. I‘ 11 Dmlh-y.

Miri'-r's tla.'k. d Zweig.

31old. d 31 Hull. -y.

M "iikey wreiicli. A\’ K ^^’ilhll^.

31ortising machine. <5 M’l-Moii.

31otor. 31 ' ' Gilhei't,

31ufl1e kiln, (low iidiaft. A 31 Stni'liolm
Ni'kie and Copper maU''>. n-tining. G

Ivi' hai'lsoii.

Nut lo' k. G F Boy. -us an. 1 .1 S P.iirkhobh r.
Nut Ji ck. 3\ G Ka \ .

Nut lock. E 11 Thalak-r.
t.hir. A H Burns.

Ore separator. G Deet flinger.

Ores, apiiaraliis for tli.* concentration or sej -
aratioii of. .N1 Stuckey aii.l li Aitlmr
< »ven. 31 ( ' F'arniim.

Oven. 'lirccl 'Iraft hake. R H aiel D G
t.'raiiie.

Padlock. B F LoiighiniHer.

PartiTioii, fireproof. St; I5i inkmaii.
pc‘l eil.'-sioli tool. W F

Phonograph operaliiig attachment. A K
K cller.

Phonograph opeialing machine. A K Kel-
ler.

}‘honogr:i]ili operating macliine or attach-
infut. A K Keller.

F‘horiogra[)lis, attacliineiit for automati'.-ally
ojierating. T Gilliland aii'l I' 3V Toppan.
Photograph >taiid. A D F Randolpli.
Photograiiliic dark box. A D V Raiidollli.
Photographic developing traj . A 1) F Ran-
dolph.

Piano action. F W Kringel.

Piano, chil'Ps. G Schoinig.

Piano jiedal locking devi.-e. G B Shearer.
Pile point ami permanent anchor for piles or
cables. I> N'-ale.

Pipe and boiler covering. G Ehrlicher.
Pipes, Ac., cap and locking device for clos-
ing. d Riling.

Planing machine feeding device, metal. J
Detrick ami L H P.at htell.

Planter, ]»otato. T LGood.

Planter, seed. .1 A Thompson.

Plow, riding. W D lb tr.

Polishing mitt and dau)>er. T P Hebble-
whiteaml F’ Harvey.

Polishing table knives. A’C.. machine for. K
F Knecliler and H Stai' k.

Pressure brake, fluid. F '1 iialniueller, Jr.
Printer, sign. W E Rose.

Printing machine. C P Gottrell.

Printing machine, oil chith. W U Schoen-
berg.

Priming machine, jilate. FIS P>nulf"rd.
Printing I'less, niulticol'U- -J. W t,' Wendte.
Propeller, boat. F' P 31'-Elfre>h,

Pulley lines, rope clamji for. T lievan.

Pulp, machine for imdiiing spools or >imilar
forms from. FI Hubhanl.

Pump. J G and E A Tom,

Pumping apparatus, p'Utalde. D Nuhle.
J’uncli and fare regi^t'-r. .1 31 black,
fhizzle. J 31 Fuller.

Proxylin, manufacture of soli'l compounds
of. J H :Me Veils.

Rail coiinectic'ii. T (' Paulsen.

Rails or cTher metal liars, machine f"r
straightening. A .1 3hixliam.

Railway, electric. H S Pruyn.

Railway, elavati*'!. L .Anderson.

Railway rail joint. L Anderson nii'l L 31
Hosea.

Railway switch. G J 3IortiiMer.

Railway >w itch V"']. .1 Garm ".

Railway -y.>tem, electric. G D 'l’i>ilale.
Railway time iij'licator. C Worth.

Rake. A R Dickiiis"n.

Rattle rake. R K' eling.

Ftazor wiper. W H Biidgman
lUTngeratiir. .1 R Davi<.

Regenerative furnace. .M AVanner.

Release hook, .safety, d V Px-ckeman
Relishing machim*. (> F .AmS'Ien.

Riprap mattress. I> Ncah-.
liouflng, anchor for .sheet metal. G 31 Pat-
ton.

PoH.flng, sheet ni' tal. 10 D Bevitt.

Rotary engine. M' Smith.

Rotary motiT. (t Heiniclve.

Rotary steam engine. W Smith.

Rubber, comp'i-itiiui of matter for vulcaniz-
ing. J 31 Ihiynioiid.

J?aw sharpening machine. D Hazar'l.

Saw ing machine, tw in eircular. 31 Garland.
Jschool seat and desk, T T"hias.

Sferew thread forming machine. ‘ ► Henning.
J?eat hack, removable. P Dei hy.

J"eed cleaner and .-^eiiarator, cott"U. J W
smith.

Settee arm. W C Baiiol.

J?ewing heads to fabrics, machine for. K
Necker.

Sew ing machine. 31 tlardener. (Reissue).
Sewing luucliiue needle. J 31 Farmer
Shade roller hraeket, adjustable. G Cook,
bheais. .1 H Aiifilei liciih'.

104

THH IXVEKTIVK AOE

Sheathing, fireinoof. C Khiiichei.

Shoe. 15 Si-ariitci.

Sifihon. 15 Greve.

Sliding gate. W \Vo«.rls.

Slii)i»er. 15 Scarinci.

Smoke consumer. H D'daney.

Soap for toilet purjiose.s, ai)paratu.s for dis-
pensing liquid, E Lee.

Sole, ^V A Ford

Sjiectacle hows, niechanisni for making. F
Ecauhert.

Speed and jtower rciriilators for motors. TI
B Gale.

Spike drawing har. li Eanilretli.

Spo<ms. mustache guard for. (' A (pKUitell.
Stiinij)ing press, L Schuler.

St<*a’n and hot water generator. D A I)ick-
insoii

Steam engine 2. ('■ T Porter.

Steam engine. N Te.sla.

Steam generating ai>phanc<‘. CW Hicks.
Steam generator. A E (lillet.

Steam generator. G Zahikian.

Steam motor. .J If and .1 1> Lma.s.

Steam, snperheatiiig. W Scliinidt.

Steam trap. .1 LGhai'inan.

Steaming ai'pliance, face. 31 He Witt.
Stereojtticoii. E 1 liaison.

Stone, mai hie, Ac., mechanical sawing an<l
nudding. F J G Fromholt,

Stool, folding. 31 <> March.

Stove, lami'. C S rptoii,

Stov<' filters, Ac., device f'*r sii.sjieiiding,

.1 15aldwin and .1 L Kerstetter.

Stove.', ranges, Ac., Iii'ick lioldcr lor. II
Eiben.

Street sweeper. W II Walls.

Sugar 1 (dining apparatus. .1 Each.

Switcli stand, antoma ie. .1 W 3lurray.

Tape from leatlier hoard or other material,
making. W P Gay.

Telcj)houe traiisiniltei . J and II 31 Good-
man.

Thi.'tles, coinpositii)!! for l•xterlnina^ing Can-
ada. U B Hull.

Thrashing iiiacliino hand cutter and feeder.
.1 W Kirodes

'I’liia-sliing machine sell leeiler. H E Henui-
Soll.

1’ile roofing. G H Bahc<i<k.

'I'in'S, machine fur niaUing .'hoes or covers
fi.u' pneumatic. G <5 Mo. no.

'foe wtight. NV N 'ailishg
'I’oid handle 3V .I .loliii.'Oli.

'i’oy. W H Kline.

'I'oy, knockdown. H S Kerr.

Tr.dley, ice ( ntring. U W 'I'homp.son.

'rruiik, collapsible. IE) .M fMeiueiiS
'rriink handle. G Croiicli.

'I'nyeies and iiijK'.s, machine for tormiiig. 31
E \S illiams.

Type, art oi and ai'i'aratns l(»r coloring Hie
printing snrf.uM' of ca>t. 31 M Gillum.

'I’yiK' writer cal'iijet. 1! 1’ (’oiide.

Valve ami Joint. CS Eavier.

Valve, brake cylinder |H(‘.'siire graduating
and maintaining triph*. .1 A Sleininger.
N'alvi-, center. <’ Ealilet.

3 alve device. W A |)n-\\«dt.

Valve device for dupb-x engines. W A
Hrewett.

N’ahe, engine. 3\ H E idc.'.

\’a!ve for ai r brakes, I eh •using. .1 G Sai vent.
\;tlve for liydiatilic j>res>nre, conti.Jliiig,
Kariipf

3'alve, p|-e>>nre reducing. 0 31 Ha\is.
\’apoii/er ftu’ h\(lrocarboii motors. .1 11

Kniglit.

Velii 'b* G 11 Slraftoii.

\'< b icle brake, automat ic. H E Eaib-y.

3'ei I clasp. 1 1 Ij -\ lexaiider.

Vcs'«d and iiropelling mecliani>m tlierefor.
U I'olsoia.

3'essi‘l.'-, lee wing lor. N G .le-smi.

Wai'tband for troii>ei s. .1 S liwar/.
Wa^llllencll and clothes liar, folding. \\ H
K. iri e-|er.

3\'ai niitig >atV. A Maagaml 1' S Horn.
Washing apparatus. W .\niohl.

Wasliing macliiiie. V Germak.

Wa.^te and sn|ij)ly eoiipliiig, 1 atli. P' 31 31ac-
kiii and G It .''chmidt.

3\’ateh. .1 Nunamaker.

3\ at ciic isc pendant. 3V S Bichaiilson.

Water closets, y.-., valve for. T ii Key-
woi til, dr.

Water gage. F M Ashley.

3\ atei proofing fabrics, compound for. K .T
Kow Iton.

Weighing and im'asiiring niachini;.'', register
for grain. V ^\'eb{.n^

M'indmill. 1' A I’lankliii.

Window and insect screen. !■) (' Kreli, Jr.
Window ti.xiure. J Hand J 1^ Eamlimt.

Wire coiling apparatus H Polte.

Wire galvani/ing apparatus. G 31 Wright.
Wire stretcher. G J Cline.

Woollen ])ipe. P5 T 3\ lie(der.

Wooden vessels, inanulactiire of. T K Par-
rish.

Work holder. 31 P C Hooper.

Workin.g liarrel pioti-ctor. C p] Lasher, V' J
Weil^teralld I) E Newton.

Wrench. J EoWe.

PATENTS GRANTED APR. 17, '94.

Acid, apparatus for distributing carbonic.
PI Buell.

Air and gas mixing aiiparatns. W Hay and
W 31 31 Kearns.

Air heating appaiatns. d Howden.

Albnin, photograph, d Pikval.
Amalgamating ore.s, method of and appara-
•tus for. H P^ Pldwards.

Ammonia liquor, aiqiaiatns for cansticising.
E Soh’ay.

.\minonia, imrifying. PI Sidvay,

Animal trap P' .1 Bragnnier.

Arinatnre. E Eggar and F A W(,*ssel.

Ann itnre, electric motor. H 1* Brown.
Armature for dynamo electric machine.
Thomson.

Autographic register. W L Plgry.

Axle hux, car. G W Giifliths.

Axle box dust guard. T II Symington.
Axle box dust guard, cur. W II M'right.
Axle lubricator, car. W PI Wright.

Ballot box, II II Niebur.

Basket, waste paper. E L Weston.

Bearing, antifriction ball. H La Casse.

Bearing for shafts of lawn mowers. PI G
Passmore.

Bearing for wheels, Ac , thrust, d S Chace.
Belt regulator, automatic. PI Eggar and I"
A Wessel.

Bevel age, apparatus for making carbonated.

d 3Iacksey. \\’ llelmcr and G E Barton.
Bicycle. II Ea Gasse.

Bicycle. V E Whitaker.

Bicyle crank. P' V Me.

Bicycle, folding. 31 15 Byan.

Bicvcle lock attachment, W and S II Eamh,
dr.

I5icvcle stand, P" B Mueller.

Biliiaid cue luck. II G Hart.

Ifilliard tables device fir making balk lines
on. S S Hannan.

Blind stop. 1, .hildn.

Bolt cutter liead. P^ W Bruch and H P
J’.iler.s.

Bolt socket. B Heymansoii.

Book, dniilii-ating okIit. i; I) Gibbs.

I>ook rack. G W I’arker.

Boot or shoe uppers, uiachine for creasing.
G Night

Boring tmudiine. 0 W 3Iegg(*nhofen and A
S ( ’ourti ight.

Bottle washer. II f.a Gass«\

Bottle'^, machine for lenioving tin foil from.
E BanI/.

Bottling machine. B Kolliki-r.

Box cover, adjnslilde. G W Stoker.

I'lacket and card holder. F .1 31c.\rdle and
.) B Fiiray.

Brick machine mold, d I.e inhardt.

P»ri> k niai'liiue plunger, d Eeoiiliardt.
Bridle, d B 3IcEeod.

I’loiler. W Hailes.

Brush, revolving cleaning. W B Nightin-
gale.

Building. 0 A Praray.

ifnndllng machine. W P" H ntcliinson and
A .1 Tyler.

Burglar alarm. G W 3E Eanglien and W L
Gallant.

Burial casket. E Stein and N Bajijileyea.
Button fmisliing inacliine. 11 A Berger.
Gahiijet , parasol oi nmhi ella. A I5e\ er.

< 'addy, Hour. A Palmer.

(.Vilciilating macliiiie. S B Stallard
C'alculator fir wages. I> Ij Albeit.

( ‘ar brake. F E Gilling.

( 'ar coujiling. W Hnniap.

Gar coiiiiling. .1 Ea 15mt.

Gar coiipl i ng. .1 W Bamsey.

Gui', electric motor. H i' Itrown.

Gar f •nder, tram. P'S Hogg.

Giir grain door, liox. G F Eaiigeli.

Gar, mail or express, l /.immei man .

( 'ar stai ter and brake. G 11 <► Eeverkus.

Gar ventilator. G A Boydcii.

Gars, coiitrollei for elec tiic railway. W II

Kniglit.

Gars, .siif -ty wiench f>r unloading. T Nich-
ols.m, dr.

Gash diaweraiid manual recordei . PI II 3Iin-
nigh.

Ga'h reuisfer, indicator and recoider. II

Go,,k.

Gasli legi.^ter, i lalicator and recoidei W T
McG raw .

Cask. '1' G Stc\ensaml d Baker.

( 'eiling, metallic. vE! 3loore.

( 'entei- board, buat .1 Goucli.

( ‘liain. B A 15. eii 1.

( bam, ill 1 ve. T { 'ai scadeii.

Gliair making maebine. B G I’uines, II J)
I’oiiietoy and E NV Keyes,
fdiair seal. K li Bent.

( lie-t, tool d E Waggoner and 3\ T (’armi-
cliael.

Gliimiiev cowl. II V \ P’aulhabei and (J P'
Koch.'

Ghloriii, making 2. W I)onald.

< 'lin jipiiig k nif ■. F H liniaiell.

<’igai lip cutter and dice tlirowing ajqiara-

lus 11 and E Kaluger
C’igaretlc machine, li li 3Eixfield.

< ’leat, ceiling. 11 1’ 15 HI.

( leat, ceiling. 1 1 G
Clevis. N E Bi'ickei'.

Clip fir letters, accounts, Ac. E Keller.
Clocli, electiic tower, G l> Warner.

(. lollies line sw inging snjipoi t. B 31 Plrsley.
Glethes w linger and wash tub, combined.

G P' and W Lewis.

Glover feeder. W E Ayers. ^

G'lck, ga.^ I'urner. G A Bics.

Goin euiitrolled machim*. W T Lewis (reis-
sue.)

GolIap.siMe box. A Orth.

Gonipeiisalor. W Haves.

Gondeiisor and feedwater heater, combined
surface. .1 15 3Ic( 'urdy.

Goider for cinder notches. S B IH llows
Gorii cutting and shocking machine. A B
Boliinsoii.

Gorn scj'arator, liusker and fodder slitter. C
H Taylor.

Corn shocks, device fir loading. 0 W l^^l-
lins.

Cotton, machine for handling and cleaning
seed. 3V’ PI I'llam.

Couch, swinging, d Ixeller.

Counters bars Ac,, combined aim rest and
guard fir, 3V G lliiss (reissue.)

('riinping machine. S W' .Jamison.

Guji, funnel and stopper securer, combined.
A < ’ 3IcAlpin.

(.'ii['ala tnrnace. J Blakeney.

Giirreiit motor, universal jiliase alternate. T
Hnncan.

Cut out meter. C H Ha.skins.

Hellector, liglit. H E Hawkins.

Herrick. W' li Close.

Desk, wall. .1 F Figgins.

Dice throw ing device. G S Grove.

I>ish cleaiior. P’ H We.st.

Hisplay rack, rotary. P' A .Jewett.

Hoor hanger. 31 G Bichaids.

Hour stop. W' 31 Goats.

Dress jirotector. U H .Still.

PI Hrop press. G 3\’ Peek.

Dry goods h lard. (j Teti ean.

Ihying chambers, apparatus for lianging
webs in folds in. \V iMatlierand J Ghris-
tie.

Hust pan. L A Powers.

Hye, bine. K Krekelcr and P Krais.

Dyeing apparatus. A Dreze.

Easel. G P'aint.

Egg tray. F P' Bischoff.

Pllectric cniTont recorder, d 3V T Olan.
Pllectric current legnlator. A G W'atter-
hou.'e.

Electric macliine, coin controlled. K d 31er-
ker.

Electric machine, dynamo. H PI Dikeamn.
Electric machine regulator, dynamo. Ii
Bell.

Electric machine regulator, dynamo. 3V II
Elkins.

Electric machine regulator, dvnamo. 0 E F
Muller.

Electric meter. T Duncan.

Electric motor. II B ]5rown.

Electric motor controller. W' Gooper.
1‘dectMC Tiiotoi-, cooling. E Thom.son.

Electi ic starlingswitch. F V Henshuw.
Electric switch. A Ekstrom.

Electric >witch. d P>?^niith.

Electrical contact mechanism. J F Blake.
Elevator door ojieraling meehanisn 2. EG
.leukins.

Elevator gate, automatic. J 3Ic lianglilin.
Elevator leg.', means f*r operating, d II
Finley.

Excavating and refilling, system of. B d
< 'ov !«',

ExhiMtor, casket or coffin. 3V P Sherman.
Fenci machine, wire. W P Baiidall.

Fence, w iie. d and G Lane.

Fiber brake, criislier and cleanei . J F Les-
ter.

Fiber feeding maehine. A II 3rorton.

File foi keejiing records. 1> E 'I’liomas.
J'irearm, breech loading. E Elder.

Fire escape. W S Barman.

Fire extinguishing apparatus. A L E L*'-
cliarfier.

Fish culture, nursery pond f-r. GA lloxsie.
Fish pond, artifical. G A Hoxsie.

Footrest. GB Deiiiare.st.

Furnace. E 15 Co\e.

Furnace. A E Engidhack and S E Brether-
toii.

Furnace cast house, Mast. (' L 3Iiller and d
B George.

Furnace cast hoiisi's, nudd f>r Mast. 0 E
3Iiller and d B George.

Furnace lor treating refuse of cities, d J
Store)-.

Garment, dancer’s. 31 T- P'nller.

Gas, ajiparatus fit charging liquids with.
PI BnefE

fbiseon.s jirodncts in breweiie-^, metliod of
and ap]>ai'a1i;s for the lecoveryol waste.
G Zwietnsch.

Gjas-s, making lose led. A Spit/er.

Giate, d W Sniith.

Giavesloiic oi' monument, g W' Smitli,

t Hi n, cane. ( > .lanke.

Hammock Ntretcherorsjii'eader. B (' Fnnke.

I ia n<l liag. .1 31 A lien.

Harness strap. (.1 .\ 3\'liipple.

I I a I p. W .1 B iciiie.

Harrow (li'k .'harpeiier. .1 T Baiker.
Hairuw, pulvei i/ing. .1 Bo.ston.

1 1 arrow , r< ta ry . i I ( k'< 'iner
1 1 a rvesfer. Col II . EE W'itt'T.

I lay loadei'. 1 E • t nmp.

Healing ap)iaralns, hot air. 11 B .Ind'on,
Heilax’s. inode of applium e f ir pla'hiii:

Neil.

Heel. W 3Toirj'oii and W H Bnrser.

I i i iige. d' i '(irseadeii.

I I iiige. W B I -eiiiing.

1 1 Itching device, lior>e- d GEiigbera'.

Hook. H W liol Im,.

1 1 oV'i'shoes, comliiiialioii tool fa pniiehiiig

ami ciea.sing S W haliii.

H lib, iiieta he .1 1 1 Gray.

I l ydranlic elevator < ' .1 r>ndley.

I lydianlic el>-\ator. .) (i St.unp.
ilydrocai biui burner, A .1 Blackfird.
Icecream IVee/er. d Sclialler.

I ncnbatoi>, tijenmistatic remilator for. G
El tel.

Insulating tnin buckle. H B B>al.

I nsii lator, .'t rain I- 31cGurtliy.

I roll braking iiiacb ini', pig. (’ E 31illerand
d i; George.

.lute or other bagging, treating. A Ei-hman
and G ,J K raus.

Keg rolling maebine. W Ainemann.

Lamp. G A 31cCay.

Eiisi block fastener. G W 3Ioor(*.
liaw 11 sjii inkliT. SS Black.

Line prop. WG Applegate.

Loom ]iicker motion, d H Baige.

Loop banding macliine. d 31 Barker.
Lubricator. B laiwrence and d Blackford.

3Iagnet4 of alternating current dynamos,
means for exciting field. E Bell.

3Iatrix drying inaeliine. PI and A E Hall.
3Ieasuring instruments, damping device fir
electrical. J' Holden.

3leasniing instrument for imiltijiliase sys-
tems, electric. E W’ 31 ix.

3Ietal saw ing maebine. d F Lnndald.
31etallic tie and riil fastener W 'I Arms
strong and G 11 Wadswoitli.

3Iica, splitting. .J Fonlds, .Ir,

31 ilk bottling machine. W A Glark
31 ilk can attachment. A H Bii limaii.
31ilkiiig macliine K P'ergnson and A T
Dank.'.

3IiiTor, I'liinbinatiou. P 3Vicderer.

3loM f lundatioii. 0 E 31iller and J K
George.

3low er attai 111110111. 31 S/.iikal.-ki.

3Inle and twiner, self acting, d 11 Wain.
3Insical instninient. A II Beyer.

31nsical instrument. P' A Bicliter.

Nail making machines, feediog mechanism
for w ire. A Gnttin.

Nut lock. V B Wallace.

Gil can. 1' E Williamson.

Gre crushing mill. A Bursoii.

Gres, extracting impurities from hematite.
W S Potter.

Packing Vehicle whetd.s, device for. F G
Davis.

Paddle whe(d boat. J S Knnneth.

Paint, luminous. C Kraut.

I'aper cutter, roll. H 31cLaehlan.

Paper inannfactoiie.«, pulp catcher for. A (d
E Fnllner.

Pastry or confectionery, machine for form-
ing articles of. D 3J Holmes.

Peeling knife, fruit, N B Hale.

Photograjihic film holders, registering and
marking apparatus fir. If 3Iackensteiii.
Piles, method of and apparatus for preserv-
ing. A A Bolliamns.

Pljie from mandrels, removing artificial. 3V
A Tipsoii.

Pipe joining device. WA Tipson.

Pipe making machine. W A Tipson.

Pipe wrench, d P W’ynn and T W' Gillespie.
Plane, carpenter's, W E Crompton.

Planer, automatic gear. W and d E Glea-
.son.

Planter, corn. G P Kuhn.

Preserving case. H D ^i^treator.

Printing device, hand. B Sniitli and 3V F
Tripp.

Plinling jiress delivery apiiaratas 2. S G
tloss.

Printing pre-sses, jierf nating mechanism for
cylinder. E Kellner.

Printing wall paper, machine for. OF W
Eehmanii.

Pulverizer, land. H G Brookens.

Pniup. D F and II Selzer.

Puiiip, air. A Wolft and T B Hyde, dr.
Puncli, ticK'et. d M B>luck.

Pyrometer. E A I'chlingaiid A Steinhart.
(reissue.)

Pyroxylin solvents and their jirodncts, man-
ufacturing :■>. GG Zeller.

Bailway bund, electric. J 3Ieyer.

Bailway bridle rod. H A 3Iorin'.

Bailwa\ conduit, electric. P P Banholzt'r.
Bailway, eb-vated. 0 G Buiton.

Bailway, gravity. J WGawdery.

Bailway .signal, electric. B F Bex
Bail way sw itcli. automatic. G E Seifert.
Bail way .syst(*m, electrie. (' H Ti.'dale.
Bailway track and car. C <1 Burton.
Baiiges, stoves or heaters, fire l.’ox and g'rate
for. A U Isaacs.

Befi igeratiiig machine. L Block.
Befrigi'iator. d lieiison.

Befrigeratur. G Fee.

Beverbeiatory and regenerative furnace. E

F Gray.

Blieostat. A C Hinkey.

Bhecstat. d B B Fiske,

Boad woiker and scnijier. O W Stearns.
Bods, machine fir straightening. P
Haas.

Rotary engine. 0 "W 3Ioithland.

Botary engine. B N’adeiiiczek.

Botaiy. 15 31 3\ilkin.son.

Botary steam engine. II Williams and T E
Fisher..

Saci hariiie Juices, purifying. G G 'I'iemaiin.
Sack f.isteiiei-, A S I’roctcr.

Sad iron heater. W B Lee.

Saddle, gig GA White.

Saf- lock. W H Holler.

Salt and jieper di'f rihulcr. C 31 Bei ry.

Sasli lialaiict*. F E Boseiitreler.

Snsh fuslener. vG 31 Kimliall.

Sash bolder, d W Evali.s.

Sa.'li bidder. 3\ H 3Ia.'teriiiaii.

Saw fianie, B .1 31o\l(‘y.

Saw Si t. H 3Iai.'liall
Saw ing macb iiie, ei i cnlar. E E I’linnias.
Scale, jieiidnlnili. W d Gla\es
Scraper, load 2. T K McKnight.

Screw ilriver. S 1 Snyder.

Sea 1, bot t |e. I I Bobi MSoM.

Seeds ill eiiveloj e>, maebine fur Jiackiiig. E
Ban.

Sliaile, w indow. E Horn.

Slmdc.', attaelmient f.r vertically adjll^ting
w itidow. A \\ Ooliisoii
Sheet metal ran and mamifacturing same. .1
Lee.

Sheet metal cans, macliine for liirming and
Soldeiiiig. Ii [> liaiiiiey.

Sheet metal pijH'- G S Hamlin,

Sliork i-omprcssiir. E W’ N'ewlierry
Shoe ^hallks, sheet.' fur metallic G I> I>ait-
lett.

Signaling device fir cnissing?', automatic
electi ic. E A J Icraiann.

Skate. F Kalkiii.-r.
skinning kiiile. 31 C.Hieii.

Smoke preventing furnace, d A Baldw in.
Siiaji hook. B .\ Brenl.

Sorting ( aids and Conijiiling statistics, aji-
jiaratns f n-. ,I K Gore,

Sjiiiidle hearing, coiiiMiied. G 0 l>raj)er.

S]n ing shackle and oil distributor, combined.
B A Hammond.

Staiiiji canci ling machine, fl E Barnard.
Siampiiig macliine. A E Grant.

Steam boiler. .J (.'aliall.

Steam boiler. G Gawb y.

Steam boiler. 31 N Forney.

Stone, artificial. E Goode.

Stoji motion, electric, d Weir.

Store service ajijiaratnK. d W Tlicw,

Sulky. W F and S E Einijius.

Sulky. G J Loomis.

Snspoiiders. F Widaiid.

Tank mold, water. II F Tiicker and .\ But-
ler,

Tawi-d skin and making same. M' 31 Norri.s
and 11 l>nrk.

Tcliqihone exchange systinn 3. d I SaMn
ami W Hamjitun.

7'('lej)hone system .1 I Sal in and Hamji-
ton.

Telejihone transmitter from secondary bat-
teries. d d thirty.

Telejihonic apjiaratus. 0 3Iilde.

Ttdephony. mnltijilex. W W .Tacque.s.
Thermo electric generator. II B Gux,
Thermometer. 31 Byrne.

Thrashing machine teeth, wrench and
straiglitener f»r. E W Gakey.

Tile, rooting, d 3'een and F A Dornherg,
Tin jdating machine. C K Britton,
d’ire, pneumatic wheel. T A Egan.

Tool, comliination. F E Snyder.

Toy, mai hie shooting. E M A'elsor.

Trolley wheel, d D Ausley.

Tiollery wire finder, automatic. T Straus.
Trousers, d E l.eavitt.

Truck, d 31 K Pennink.

Truck and hoist, coiuMnod. J P B Fiske.
Truck for railway trains, jmenmatic hufier,
C d Gray.

Truck, railway. E Egger and F .V Wessel.
Tuhe stojiper. E W (’raine.

Twine box. d W llerriott.

Valve, rtiiid brake, H Taher.

Valve, hydrant. C H Watson.

Valve mechanism, rock drill. 11 E Ambrose.

Vehicle cover and suppirt therefor. J II
Ran.

Wasliing machine. F Jackson.

Water module or delivery regulator. C A
D'Elliro.

Water wheel regulating ajiparatus. C B
Sessions and B G Van ilmoii.

Watering pot. J 15 Wothei-sjioon.

M cigliC'r, rotating grain J Sudbrock.

M'ldls, jiistoin for artesian or oil. W H
Downing.

3\’ind mill. A 3' Winegarden.

Window, slide. M Zennier.

Wire loojxs, machine fur forming. D White
and .\ F Lagarwall.

Wire stretcher. G Hughs.

Wood, kindling. W F Hutchison.

Wood working machine. W Ijyon,

Writing machine. E Giitfin.

PATENTS GRANTED APR. 24, '94.

.Animal trap. E I) Hay.

Arm for firing fnliniiiatcd sticks, d F
Harde.sty and R A Sale.

Armature for dynamo elc'ctric machines or
nioters, T H Hicks.

Armor jdate, manufacture of. A A Acker-
man.

Auxiliary h<*ater. E Shejipard.

.\x1p box, railway car. V S Landers.

Bag or fodder tie. GC Dit/der.

Bale covering. 0 E 31allott.

Bale wires, Ac., device for untying. 0 C
Frame.

P>aH\et, folding E 31 Iludgin.

Bed brace 2. W H Parker.

Bells, Jirotector for electric or other. L R
Ijecelli*-!'.

Pe lt, electric. P E Petterson,

Bending machine. d Plecker.

Bicycle. C II Cair.

I5ie_\cle. F Douglass.

Bicycle sujijiurt. W S Pijios ami F T Guilier.
Blow jiijie, jdnmbi'r’s. W 31 31nt'iihy.

Board lijipingor dividing inaihine. II \V
Stow.

31 Buatkn»e. A J Nickerson.

PxiiliT fniiiaccand ?^nioke consumer. R R
Turner.

Pxiiler or other furnace, steam. D B 3Ior-
ison.

Bult or rodentter. W 3Iarch.
l>ook l est and table or sta ml, coinMnation.
B V Fitzhugh.

Boot or shoe. S Anneiiherg and E Stahl.
Bottle. !■' il Hutchinson.

Brake mechauisiii, slack adjusting device
fir. 31 d Grier.

B. ick kiln . comliination. G C Firestone.
Brick machim*. II G Gilheit.

Brick machine, rejness. D Brown.

Bridge F 11 Holder,
i’nilding Mock. E Smith.

Bung. N Fnclis.

Bung. 31 Kragen.

Burglar alarm. G .1 Lyons.

P>ulter Woiker. Dd Davis.

Biilton, Clift, d A Floinei f lt.

J5ntton setting nun bine. A G Wilkins.
Bnltoner, slme, D II iMnir.

Galcnlatiiig ^Vs-teni, eleclric. H lEilIeiilh.
Gan liead cutting and shajiing die. B W
M.ivf int.

Candelabrum. A C 3IeKercher.

Ciir liell cord hanger. A H Maiden.

Gar coujiling. D Ij Barne.^.

Car Coupling. C Bickineier.

Car eunpliiig. d Cochram, dr.

( 'ar ciiupliijg. d B Hall, d r.

Car coiiiiliiig. G 11 W Relyea,

Gar eoii|.ling. S T Siniib.

Gar ciinjiling, EH Vinger.

Gar fender. G F 'Ihomas.

Gar f nder, safety. A W Stiefel.

Car feiidei-, street, li F Booney.

Gar niiiiiiiig gear. W II Daiiiell.

Gar, safely railway. C U 3le31anis.

Gar wheel f-nder. SA Breen.

Gar w heel grinding machine. W P Barclay.
Carding inacinnes, Ac., coiler for. 11 3lc-
l)ermott.

Carriage toji. E A Sominerfniechte.

Casli register. II M Neer.

Cliain mortising machine, J II Hall and !>
Parry.

Gliair foot rest attachment. D Clark.
Cheese-, machine for molding Neufchatel. J
B Becht.

Chute regulator, coal. J F Schmadeke.
Cigar stunij) recejitacle. A Sclmlz.

Clay working mill. G S Tifl'any.

Clij), Ac , fir mail hag and other strajis, R
1> ^ 'I'yler.

Clothes line snpjiort. C G Norlin and F
Lindstrom.

Clutch. 0 c-inning.

Coach, invalid’s. K R Bennett.

Goal (.trill. .1 W^ Shallenherger.

Goat and hat lujok. F Taylor, (reissue )

(.loin controlled ajiparatus. C Jl dacut.

Goin counter and deliverer. F W. Nall.
Commutator brush. G W Brown.

Gojiy liuh.ler. R 11 Ross.

Cojiying rnannscrijits, Ac., device for. J W
Clelaiid.

Corn jiojijiing machine. W B Donathen.
Colton jiresM. Sd Williams.

CracKcr and making same. 31 B 3Ianwar
ing.

Cultivator. G L 3Vliiting.

Current circuits, ajijiaVatns for neutralizing
the eft'ect of self indnetiun in ulteniat-
ing. d F Kelly and C C Chesney.

Curtain fixture, d fl Fitzgerald and 31 A
Gangh.

Cutting rolls. J A Hess.

Cycle sujijiort, ai toinutic. R B (.hamhers.
Dariijier, jiijie. L 'I' Leiiderking.
itental f hair, d Hood and 8 11 Reynolds.
J)entul disk carrier. G 15 Bicliinoiid.

Desk and tyjie w liter cabinet, comliined. A
B Hick.

Die for shaping metal jness wheels. A J
Green.

Die stock. J E Faliy.

Doors, electric releasing device for, S II Cur-
wen.

Dovetailing raachiue. 3V McPherson,
Drilling machine. J and R Bohm,

THK ■ IXVKXXIVI:

105

will send your <‘lioic(“ ol aii\ oii<* ol tlio lollow-
valuable ]>ubli<'atioMs, to”<‘l lu'r w il li The
Invoiitivo Ajio ouo y(‘ar, for .s!.;?.").

The A B C of Electricity, byW. II. Meadowcraft. Dyuanio and Kleatric Motors, illustrated, by Trevert. Practical Treatise on lilectro-plating, by same. Prai tieal
Treatise on the Incandescent Lamp, by Randall. Alternate Current Machinery, by Gilbert Kapp. Steam Boiler Explosions, by Zerah Colburn. Ventilatifjii of Build-
ings, by \V. F. Butler; edited and enlarged by J. L. Greenleaf. On the Designing and Construction of Storage Reservoirs, by Arthur Jacob, B. Treatise on the C'jm-
pound Engine, by John Turnbull, Jr. : with additions by Prof. S. W. Robinson. Safety Valves, by Richard II. Buel, C. Iv. Practical Treatise on the Teeth of Wheels, with
the Theory of the use of Robinson’s Odontograph, by Prof. vS. W. Robiirson. On Transmission of Power by Wire Ropes, by Albert W. Stahl. Terrestrial Magnetism of
Iron Ships, by Prof. Fairman Rogers. Cable Making for Suspension Bridges, as exemplified in the construction of the East River Bridge, by Wilhelm Hildcnhrand, C. E.
A Hand-book of the Electro-magnetic Telegraph, by A. E. Boring, a Practical Telegrapher. Transmission ofPower by Compressed Air, by Robert Zahuer,M.E. Tur-
bine Wheels, by Prof. W. P. Trowbridge. The Telescope: its Construction, etc., by Thomas Nolan. Induction Coils: How Made and How Used. The Theory of the
Gas Engine, by Dugald Clark. Electro-magnets, b}’ Th. du Moncel. Dynamo-electric Machinery, by S. P. Thompson. Dynamo Electricity, by John Ilopkin.son, j.
A. Schoolbred and R. E. Day. Recent Progress in Dynamo-electric Machines, being a Supplement to Dynamo-Electric Machinery, by Prof. Silvanus P. Thompson.
The Steam Engine Indicator and its Use, by W. B. Levan. Hand-book of Mineralogy ; Determination and Description of Minerals found in the United Slates, by
Prof. J. C. Foye. Modern Gun Cotton : Its Manufacture, Properties and Analysis, by Lt. John P. Wisser, U. S. A. “The Inventor's Friend.” b\- Joseph Allen Minium.

I>ry closet or coinuiude. J L ^Marvin.

Dynamo, alternating current. J F Kelly.

Egg case. T F \V Scliinidt.

Egg crate. J K Oliver.

Electric circuits, cleat fur supporting con-
ducting wires for. II B\V}inan.

Electric light support. W li Connell.

Electric lock. .1 Eldon.

Electric machine or motor, dynamo. A L
Kicker.

Electric motors and rej'lacing same, auto-
matic device for removing resistance in
starting. G H \Vittiugham.

Electric switcli. W S Hill.

Electric switcli. E Woltniann.

Electrical instrument table. .1 F Mehren

Electrochemical decomposition, method of
and apparatus for. 11 r'annichael.

Electrolytic cells, diaphragm for. E A Le-
l:>ueur.

Elevators, hyilro engine for operating. G II
Reynolds.

Fan, reciprocating. W W I^IcCall.

Fence. J C <^uiuby.

Fence, iron. T J Fariss.

Fence wire carrier and stretcher. \V If
Merritt.

Fifth wheel, vehicle. K Carr.

Fire alarm hox. W H Kiriiati.

Fireaim siglit. F W Hobhel.

Fire escape. F 31 Bender.

Fire escape. C E Harvey.

Fire escape, iKutable. d J Steiir.

Fire hose, metal drilling altaeliiiient for. J
G von ll"fe.

Fireplace heater. II B Scoville.

Fire pumps or engines, water supply system
for G and G i aiui'hell.

Fish meal, making, I’ Waage.

Flooring btiards, luacbiue for matching ends
of. J r Burnliam.

Flue cleaner. E l> W eston.

Frame.-*, metal corner piece for. E F Sliella-
herger.

Fuel economizer. EJ Hirt.

Furnace. M H C s-haiiu.

Furnace for treating refractory ores. F C
ButlerfieM.

Furnace, liquid fuel. E S Siierry,

Furnaces, charging apnaralus for tilling blast
T F M'itheibee.

Game ay)paratus, check controlled. G \V
Bri>ng.

Game upi>aratus, coin controlled. II 3Iatern.

Game, coin ctmtrolled. .J Koeber.

Game table. J L5?chachel.

Garment protector. G Kooke.

Gas, api:aratus for releasing carbonic acid.
<’ F A Convert.

Gas, apparatus for the iiiaunfacture of. K 31
Bi'lelnmn.

Gas engine igniter. F Ilirsch.

Gate. J 3Iason.

Glass paintings, manufacture of. 0 I)illmann.

Glue and gelatine from bones, producing.
31 .'^chroeder.

Governor, steam engine. Symington,
Grading and ilitcliing maehine. \\' ii Tid-
land.

Grain biinb-r, B F Stewait.

Grain drill press wheel. A .1 Green.

Grain elevators, automatic shut oft for. G W

Nye.

Grate. T Craiiey.

Grai’e, shaking and dumping. \V Fitzgerald.
Grater, nutmeg, tf V Shaw.

Gun feed mechanism, maga/iiie. F 3hinn-
liclier.

Gulta percha or rubber compound. K lluihi-
son.

Harrow. .1 W Brown.

Hill•ve^ter, potato. L L Young.

Hat brim pouncing macbiin'. G E Prush.
Hay carrier and track. J K I’orti-r.

Hay denick. .1 U Buford and .) Gc iy.

Head rest. G W Arclier.

Heating apparatus. K II Stubbs.

Hinge, d 11 Lawrence.

Hinge, sju'ing. U Boineruy.

Hinge, spring. A II Wilson.

Hoisting and transfer aj)paratiL'. 3\' D Sher-
man.

Horse cover. E H Cooper.

Horseshoe. F W Bach.

Horseslioe bars, machine for making. W d
Kent.

Horseshoe blanks, machine for bending. W
.1 Kent.

lU-rsesboe, combination rubber uinl steel. E
C ScribiH-r.

Hose leak stoji or jacket, d B rooper.

Hot water boiler. B Etienm'.

Hydrocarbon injei tor burner. F M Reed.
Iceand for i efi igerating, apparatius for iiian-
ufacliiring. .J Sebeuerecker.
leu cream freezer, \V Vogt.

Iron, tool for making curves or otlier forms
ill Venetian. 31 H Hulbert,

Ironing machine, 2. F C Wendell.

Lamp, duplex arc. C E Scriliiier.

Lamp, electric arc. C Hoflmanu.

Lamp, elertric arc. R Segerdalil.

Last and stand, shoe. I G Hatcher.

Litstiiig machine. C Sinning.

Latlie lor turning irregular forms C Kuiize.
Leather skiving machine. A K Perry.

Leg, artiticial. W Andrews.

Letter case, portfolio, \-c. A E A Ray,
Level, hard, d PaoU,

Life saving ai'jiaratus. L E Pease
Lightning rod and ci.'Upling. d W Sniitli.
Liquid cottliiig apparatus. II M' udes.

Lock. F W Harris.

Lubricator. B A Burgess.

Lubricator. R W 3lclntyrc and G A H
Sprague.

Magnets, mean> for reducing the apparent
energy supnlied to alternating curreut. d
F Kelly.

Mailbo.x. h'Uise. E F Kinsey.

3Ialting floor. .1 F Hoi nfeld.

31and liii. T T Seal.

3LLsk. protector. W T 31orau.

3Iower. lawn. 31 <’ H- nlev.

3Iowin<:' inacliine attaclinieiit. W L ilav
and II L dolin>toii.

3Iusical instrniHent. .1 B Birrer.

31nsical iii>truinent, fretted. W 11 R Toye.
31uzzle. animal. T H doljiison.

Xecktie fastener. T Noar.

Niiinbci iiig uiachiue, consecutive. C Spiol-
maiin.

Kut lock. E C Baynes and II Henderson.
Ovens by gas, apparatus for In-atiiig. d L
W Olsen.

Packing, metallic. F A Ives.

Pail, d A Steward.

Pail cover. R d Kitld.

Pantogrjipli roll or plat-*, d Hoyre.

Paper bo.\. T F W Sebmidt.

Paper, flock. L Hanois.

Paper niitcli box. G 0 Oarboiie.

Pe'lals for crank powers, A d ILiyt.

Pencil ^llarpene^. F 31' Intyre.
Pbotoirrapbic printing frame. R 31 Hunter.
Pile fabiie, woven. H liardwi< k.

Pill for attaching flowers to dresses. E W
Stifel.

Pipe and Joining edges of same, comliictor.
W d Blecker.

Pijie hanger. F Peltoii.

Pipe wrench. K 31 .lackxui and F Roberts.
Pivoted tooth I'ur. d T Hoke.

Planter. L B Lancaster.

Planter, corn. M L Hall.

Plaster. T dunes.

Pocket register ami indicat.*r. T Stocker.
Potato cutter, L A Aspiuwall, < Uei.'Siie).
Power firess, adjustable. F 31 Leavitt.
Printing j-lates, manufacture of. R d Sat lieis
Propeller for boats, oar. H Iluilbiut.
Projieller, pad.dle. A B- ers.

Proiielliiig canal boats, means fur. B C
SeoTt.

Pruning imyd' inent. T K 1> 3Iason.

Pump regulator, d Rothchild,

Punch. W d Plecker.

Ra<liator attachment. W J Baldw in.

Rail Joint. W CGranmer.

Kail Joint .sujq'orr. F P Seik'-r.

Railway, conduit electric. C A 3Iaynard.
Railway, elevated. B Kol-ert-*.

R.iilway rail. S A Roake and F G Smith.
Railway >witeh. G W Ilanner.

Railways, conti'iJling sw itcli for electric. P
Lange and B G Pamim*.

Railway'. dUtiibution sy.'b-m f-ir electric, d
E Goodhand.

Reclining chair. S Chambers.

Reflector, gas. T Gill.

Roll ho’der camera. E B Barker.

Ro])e grip. A K Ivans.

Rotary cutter. II P Fairfield

Kotary engine. A Hainpe.

lloTaiy eiijiiiie. S P M Tasker

Rule. T S(|uare. 31 K Jewell,

Ruler. 31 R .b-well.

Safety >w itch. A Johnson and > (.'anji>-
bell.

Salt holder for cattle. H A Lee.

Sampler for grains minerals Ac. T Clarkson.

Saw liamlle. A B Van Campeji.

>HW sliarpeiiing nia< hiue, F K Bauer.

Saw ing blocks from lugs, ma- hine for. F Ij
I'ay.

Scale. I'ostal. I S Mctrielian.

See-Hiig maciiine. G W Crossley .1 W Stout
and W Rigdon

Sewing machine take up, shoe. H Briggs,

Sewing inacliine, w ork guiding device, d E
Oliver.

Sewing machim s, wear compensating -levice
for needle bars of. II A l)odge and W T
Kichards,

Shade support, adju>table wiubow. J 31
Hofl'nian.

Shaft sunport and thill coupling, comhiiied.
W E 3Iurbager.

Shingle hracki t. J W Flowers.

Shoe attachment. C L Weyaiid.

Sign staff. o Fogg.

Sijihoii. d A Cemyi.

Skiving macliine. G H Bayley.

Slate, .'chool. E L Lloyd.

Smelling and refining furnace, ore. L R
Buiiehill.

Snow jdow. W F Wheeler.

Soil pipe, d T and T R Biien.

SoluiiTis field equiyanent. G II Palmer.

Sole and heel plate, d S Kilgore.

Sole cutting die. R R GilLs.

Sole rounding machines, knife liol Jer for. A
A K Perry.

Spectacle bow w ire or otherarticles, means for
forming. F Ecaubet.

Syteed regulator, F A \\'eyber.

Spoke attachiiient for vehicle wheels. L Kas-
tetter.

Square, H'ljustable angle. T. K Bartley.

Sijuib, miner's. J R Powell.

Stamp attaching machine, yio.'tage. C F
Lantry.

Steam boiler. H S Pell.

Steam generator. J E Game.

Stirring and aerating ai-yiaratiis. J F Doru-
feld.

Stone carving machine. A Zanardo.

Store .ser\ ice apyiaratus, curved track for. T
E Barrow,

Stove, gas. L 31 Stone.

Stove or range, cooking, d W Norton.

Stovepipe fa>tener. C Heme.

Straw stacker. WA Hinkle.

Straw stacker. A Vanbouweliug.

Straw stacker, yineumatic. A A 3IcKainand
W Sebum.

Street sweeyier. T W P-.)wns.

Stud, sheet metal. 31 II Crittenden andF V

EiH'Ty.

Stufling b..\. I, < S Fri' k.

Surui'-al in'trniie lit. V H II. dim. m
Switch ami lo- k iiiovtiin-nt. A H .bdin- n.
Tabulating -yst'-m. H IP 'Ileritli.

Ta- k distributer. W < 1 Wlie.-lor.

Tank furnace, re- uperative. U K M 'rii~ ii.
Target, traveling, 2, W Y AlU-n.

To). q-h-'iio system. (' H Bal'b-y.

Teb-phoiie traii-mitter. H Cottr-.ll.
Telephony. W (' Lc-.-kwoi-d.

Thrashing macliine. W N Springer,
Thrashing macliine band culler and feeder.
NN'emple.

Tire, bicycle. E Giauert.

Tire forging aj-paratus. I Hegelautl.

Tir-*, i)neumati<\ 2. JG 3I'H>my.

T"bacco cutter. R T Stedman.

Tongue suj)jKjrt. G H Mills.

Towing vehicles, electrical device f -r. T P
3Iilligau.

Toy pistol. J Good.

Track spading apparatus, automatic. 31 M
Dodd.

Transplanter. M C and W E Whitw-utb.
Trousers. S Shoeubnin.

Trousers stretcher. 31. I.alliam.

Tumbler. W W DrKjlittle.

Fmbrella holder and stand, combination. .1
F Bartlett.

3'alve controlling mechani>m. I II Rey-
nolds.

Valve for fluid preassure brake system',
triple, d S"useck.

Valve gear. J Fielding.

A'alve, quick action triple. II H W >ting-
house.

Valve, steam actuate-l. .T d Kwis.

A'ajHjr burner. W 31 Lockliart.

Vault cover, ventilating, d .lacol'S.

Vehicle brake. J F Shepar-l
Vehicle running gear. I* A Fester.

Vehicle wheel. F Find).

Vehicles, electric operating iiiechaiii.-'iu for.
L E Free.lley.

Vessel. G W Schermerhorri.

Veterinary obstretrical forcey 3. U V Bar-
tholomew.

Wagon, milk. N 31illbank.

M'aiter for invalid bedsl<*ads >rcliairs.
Jiistable. D Cook.

Walking stick and lamp. ei.njbine<I. P' D- -
liinger.

Watchcase. C K ( olbv.

Water closet. W T F.'.x,

Water feeder, automatic. C .\ South wick.
Water w in-el. A .1 G'*nld.

Water wheel, turbine. .) II Staide.s.

Wheel. G 1’ Hobbs and A L Fdwards,
Win-low screen. G E Blaine.

Winker brace. A C Clark.

Wood embossing machine. G .'^tal er.

Work holder. C E Blue.

Zink from ores, extracting. L Kloz.

Zink, pr<*ducing metallic, 2. P C Choate.

Advertisements inserted in this column for 15
cents a line (about 7 words) each insertion.
Every new subscriber sending Sl.W to The In-
ventive Age will be entitled to the Age one
vear and to five lines one time free. Ad-
ditional lines or insertions at regular rates.

COR SALE. — Allen Braced "Wire Fence. Pat-
ented Feb. 27. 1894, No. 515,316. Built on
same principle used building bridees. Costs
less than 2<-l cents a rod. Cut and descriyjtion
furnished on ay)yjlicaiion. State rights. Cor-
respondence. Address, I. C. Allen, 53 Ross St.,
Williamsy^ort. Pa.

COR SALE. — A valuable patent of a machine
for refacing (iate Valves: the onl.v machine
of the kind in the United States. For price
and particulars address, C. S. Hall, 170 Ralph
Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.

SALE. — Patent No. 516,393, attachment
fur securing Storm Sashes, from the inside

of room ; the best article of the kind ever in-
vented. Address, J. I). Johnston, 70 Pelham
St., New’port. R. I.

COR SALE. — One of the best 720 acre farms
in Southern Minnesota; timber, water
pairire; good building; will sell or rent on good
terms. A. R. Kilen. Bro\vnsburg, Minn.

COR SALE. Patent granted Jan. 17, 1893. on
■ ‘'Rights on Rain orMiul Skirls; sickness
is reason for selling-. Address, Patent Rain-
Skirt Co..82'S Vliet St.. 3Iilwaukee. Wis.

COR SALE.— Patent No. 51o.b88. Wood PulUyv ;

* yironounced the best one yet. Just out.
Cheay)ly made on correct y)rinciy>les without
glue. Eastern half of L'niied States for sale.
Investigate and for a bargain address, the
patentee. S. H. St. John, Canon City. Colo.

COR SALE. — A party or y^iarties with 51.500

* cash to invest, (no less will buy it., can y)ur-
chase the entire for a yjatent, having- the hig-h-
est endorsement for merit. No mere intyuirers
out of curiosity need answer this — only those
with intellig-ence to comprehend a valuable in-
vention, when they see it and with means to
buy. Address, “Ready,** this office.

COR SALE. -Patent 510.820. Adjustable g-ear
■ for bic.vcle, to effect three chang-es without
dismounting. Medal and Diyjlonia awarded b.v
Association of American Inventors, and larg-e
Gold Metal and Diyjlonia awarded by Parisian
Academy of Inventors, Paris. France, with
title of member of honor to inventor. Can be
applied to any safety bicycle. Address. Robin-
son Roby, Colorado Springs. Colorado.

HARD TIMES BARGAIN. — Having obtained
* * ])atent on Improved Tobacco Piyje, bearing
date of March 27. 1894, which affords the advan-
tage of a two or three feet stem with as much
convenience as an ordinary five inch stem, I
now offer the same for one-fourth its value.
For i)articulars address. E. G. Deloe. Roches-
ter. Pa.

CUK SALt.— 31y y^ateiU No. ::h..')73. dated
* March 20. I8O4. ** Iniyirovement in Tvyje
Writing Machine.** A very meritorous inven-
tion. Address, Christian Hess, box 727, St'-'elton,

Pa.

pOR SALE. -Patent No. 513.450. Magic Toy.
■ Ready sales and larg-e profits ; orders
placed for 4<)0 in town of 180<^ as soon as made.
Address. Ross Armstrong. Onawa. Iowa.

BUSINESS SPECIALS.

Advenisements under this heading 15 cents a
line each insertion — seven words to the line.
Parties desiring to yjarchase valuable patents
or wanting to manufacture yjatented articles
will find this a valuable advertising medium.

ANTED. — Corresyjondeiice with cayiitalists
seeking an investment in something prof-
itable and yjermanent. having from 51.000 to
8'B).00<) l(j invest will do well t(j eiujuire. Ad-
d ress. H.. No. 212 Locust Street, St. L«>uis. Mi).

X^ANTED— To purchase a g-ood patent, some
small novelty of merit or money saving
or labor saving device with yjrice within reach
of all. to sell on royalty. W. H. Harmon, 2129
Madison Ave., Kansas City. Mo.

V^ANTED.-— Tobuy practical, patented. house-
hold article. Give full particulars of im-
provements or advantages claimed, date of
issue, demand if anv. cost of production, selling
price and terms. Address. J. H. Darnall. Lex-
ington. Ky.

AX^ANTED. — Correspondence with parties

’ ^ seeking- investment. We have a Dynamo
and a Motor, that have been examined by three
electrical eng-iiieers and pronounced the best
aiid noticed complimeiitarv in La Lumiere
Electriijue, Want money to develope them and
other electrical devices. Daniels Brothers. 952
Elm St.. Macon. Ga.

\\/ANTED.— A ijartner, with capital to apply
diametrical conversion known in scien-
tific circles as -juadrature movenieni to anv
purpose where power is used ; only this device
will ans\ver entirely the demand of the Metro-
politan Traction Co., offering 550,0<X) premium
tor a new power to be used for citv transit.
Patent 48l,4iD. Peter Felix Menv. 224 Pine vSt.,
Elizabeth, N. J.

\\/ANTED. — I have facilities for disposing of
several good patents in the novelty line.
Must be reasonable in price. Send specifica-
tions, drawings and prices. Geo. E. Eggeri.
824 W . Lackawanna Ave.. Scranton, Pa.

Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence,

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THK IX\"EXTri\^E * ^GE

PATENTS OBTAINED.

E. W. AMIERSOX X CO..

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1 11 veiiti ve A j/e Huildi 11 lT- W.\sii ix' . n ix. I b C

WILLIAM A. kIMMEL,

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Tile work for Hatlirooms. Vestibules,
l^loors and Wai iiscoli iitr. All the latest
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L. C. WOOD A CO.. L. C. Wood Build-
iiiu. 5<>T E st. X. W.. Wasliiiigloii, D. C..
give every claim lor pension entrusted to
1 luMii a

lO^OIJS no POOIflPT POOSECUTION.

If you want to avoid untieces-ary delay
in securing action on your claim: or if
your claim has bt'eii rejected, or vour
iianu* dro])j)rd from the pension rolls write*
iis at once.

Pollock & riartin,

Wats Papers,
Decorations,

Room riouldings.

333 C street. Southeast.

Xea r Cor. 4lli and Pen n. AA’e.

Washington, I). C.

Estimates cheerfully furnislu‘d. f)ur terms
are* reasonahh*. All orders by mail will receive
proiii])! attention.

rr( )( )i )itiCK ( a )..

Estimates furnished on fill classes of
Avork and repairs.

1057 to 10()7 2>!th St., N. W. W.asii. I). C.

.1. SCIIt'UTZI’.ACU,

Mechanician and Modei Maker,

Models for Patents and Experiments.

Electrical and Meteorlogical Instruments and
light machiiierv of ever3’ description made to
order.

713 0tli St.. X. AV., Washington, D. C.

T»E GOiyieiA NATIONAL SANK.

911 F Street, N.W.,

C'.VIMTAI. .'^•>.*>0,000.

E. S. PARKER President.

A. L\ FoX. .... \ iee- Presidoit.

C L A R IgXCE CO RSDX. . . . Casiiier.

\ r\ V A i F

PATENTS AND TOADl AAAOKS,

Attorney and Counsellor at Law.

Allanlic Building.

‘CS F St. X. W. WASHIXOTOX. D. C.

CATCHEi.&TDMI’KliWS,

Tailors,

We invite you to call and
exaiuine our Fine Fiiie of
Goods for Spring' of ’94.

Latest Designs, Best Materials,
Faultless Fit.

SiS I’tli Street, W., W.'isliingloii, I). C

R. M. BROWN,

Artists and
Painters Supplies.
American and French
Window Glass.

S. W. cor. 7ih A X sts. X. W..

WAsHlXcCroX, D. C.

M, M. TREMBLEY & CO.,
Expert Sign Painters,

House Paiiitiirit a Siiecialty.

Estimates furnished. Satisfaction guar-
anteed to all our work. None except ex-
pert hands employed.

L2HH Penn. Avc. X. W. AVasjt ington, D. C.

THE

Railroad Car Journal

is THE ONLY

publication in the world devoted
exclusively to the construction,
maintenance and interchang’e of
Railroad Cai\Eqiiipmenl. A Jour-
nal for Superintendent of Car De-
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and Repairer; and espccialU' for
inventors of car appliances.
Subscription ONE DOEEAR i^er
year. Sample Copy Gratis.

617 Vanderbilt Building, NEW YORK.

Whitaker & Prevost,

Attorneys and
Counsellors at Law,

PATENTS AND PATENT CAUSES.

Bischoff Building, 610 F St., N. W.,
WASHINGTON. D. C.

PATENTS FOE IXA’ENTIOXS.

RICHARD P. EVANS & CO.,

Counsellors at Law.

Attorneys in Solicitors of United
Patent States and Foreign

Causes. Patents.

464 La. Ave., Washington, D. C.

YVrite for our book, “PATENT EAW AND
PRACTICE," sent free upon re<j[uest.

THOMSON JAY HUDSON,

Attorney at Law,

F Str.M f, W. WASHINGTON, D. C

Counsellor and Exiiert in Patent
Caust‘s. Seven years experience as
Principal Examiner in the Patent
Oftice.

I'A 1^. I3i:a\ iniTS,

Attorney and Counsellor at Law,

AD Dill Huildiiig, DOS O St., X. W.,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Practices in the Su]>reme Court of the
United Stales, the Court of CUiinisand
the several Courts of the District of Co-
lumliia. iHas had tug-ht years experi-
ence in the Argument of Patent and
other cases bidOre the Courts, represent-
iiu’" the Government.

R. STONESiFER,

rierchant Tailor,

aiA Now Yterk Avoimo,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

NEW T50()K-JUST OUT.

How to Make and Use the Telephone.

I5y <;kokgk h. oaky, a. m.

Tllu.strafed with working drawings: and
gives practical directions for building and op-
erating telephone lines. Just the book forany-
body interested in this subject. It is the latest
book published, and is up to date.

Contents: Chap. I. The Telephone. II. The
Telephone Eiiie. III. How to make Receivers
of Simple Construction. IV. Batteries best
suited to Telephone Work. V. Magneto Call
Bells. VI. Switch-boards. VII. Telephone
Troubles and How to Remedy Them.

SI.

Address, THE INVENTIVE AGE,
Washington, D. C

PATENTS.

Caveats, Trade Marks,
Designs, Etc.

Ki‘j)iiri as to ]iatfiiiabi1ii \ ul i 11 vriil it m
Fk f. I. OF t' II A K< . 1-.. I^ii'-u iqiasscd fai i li 1 ivs.
M«'drraU* UM'iiis. Bvfori* ap])lying for a iiaieiit
wriu- u--. All iiibirmatitiii and atlvici* Pkfl..

()(i(i F Stroct. \. \\'.,

GLASCOCK & CO.

Wasliiiigtim, I). C.

Jollll C. How^lfllTcl,

ATTOPNFV AT I AVV

00fi[siicii0F0R[iGipraiss[cy^[0,

lw-\ 1 F- PK’IXCllLX I. ExaMJXF.R OF' T H K
G1,.\1.1<AL Iv.\X1) <>FFTCF.;

Sjircial Attrition to Land. Patent,
and C OF] 10 rat it'll Cases.

15 W-M-(]..r T'vid"-.. V' \'-irixoTov. !> C.

HHRI

Promptly secured. J’rade-.Yuirks, (Aipyrights
and Labels registered. Twenty-five years ex-
perience. We report whether patent can be
secured or not, free of charge. Our fee not due
niitil patent is allowed. Book Free*

H. B. WILLSON 6l C0.« Attorneys at Law,
Opp. U. S3, rat. office. WASHINGTON, D. C,

TIIB 1X\^1£XT1VK .XGli:

107

WASHINGTON

ENGRAVING CO.,

Photo Process

ENGRAVING,

Stereo and Electrotyper.

Process, Designs and lllustra-

Half Tone, tions for Billheads,
Zinc Etching, Cards, Checks, Letter-
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Room I, Lincoln National Bank Building,
Ninth and 1> Streets, N. W.

RUBIKR’S

Popular Electrician.

Scientific Illustrated Monthly for the
■Amatuer and Public at Large,

Containinn- descriptions of all the new inven-
lion.s ns fast as lliey an* patented, also lists of
])ateiils liled eacli month at the Patent ( )lfice in
Washington. D. C. Interesliny articles by
popular writers on scientihe subjects written
in a way that the merest beyiiiner in science
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Price, Postpaid, 50 Cents a Year.

Sample Copy. 1‘ive Conts, Send for il. You
will bt* mor(*lli:fn pleased.

BUBIER PUBLISHING COMPANY,

I-YXX,

Office of N. E. Express. Artists' Supplie.-'.

C. B. P. HALLPR & CO.,

ARTISTIC PAPER HANGINGS,

WINDOW SHADES,

IjJ PICTURE FRAMES,

ROOM MOULDINGS, ,

AND TINTING.

Ehiniates FiiniislKd. All tVnrk (inarantccd.

Cor. i^th and N. Y. Ave., N. VV'.,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Orders by Mail or otherwise Promptly
Attemled to.

r. F. LIN KINS,

II o ij f-i in i’.v I X "I" I X ,

And Interior Decorating,

Wall Paintiny. Kalsomininy and Tinliny.
Jobbiny a Specially.

140‘i S Street X. AV. AVashinytoii, I>. ( .

EDW AIH) OOUAI AX,

PRACTICAL

PlUrnber = and = Gas = Fitter,

IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.

Reasonable, Durable and Prompt.

15 St., N. K., W..\SHiNGTON. 1). C.

II. KOPPPL,

^Failor,

718 llth STREET Northwest.

Spring and Snninier Stock now on hand to
select from.

PRICES REASONABLE. . .

AV. E. ('OLIU KN,

GENERAL CONTRACTOR.

Portland Cement Walks, Steps and Pave-
ments Laid. Excavatiny. Paviny. Soddiny
and Cement-Work a Specialty. Estimates
Promptly (Even.

Box 33, Builders Exchange.

Residence 7004th St., X. E. Washington, I). C.

J. T. WALKER SONS,

Dealers hi LIME, CEMENTS, PLASTER,
PITCH, HAIR, BUILDING PAPERS.
2 and 3 ply Roofing Material, Flue Lining.
Mortar Colors. Slate. Crocks, Eire
Ericks, Clay, Tile, Charcoal, Tar.

204 Tenth Street. X. W.,

Telei>hone 741. Washington, D. C.

JoliiT W. Collins,

Tin Roofing, Guttering and Spouting,

RANGES AND LATROBES.

Repairiny a Specialty. Work done on
Short Xotice.

724 llth Street, X. W., Washington, U. C.

The National Lithographing Co.,

461 and 463 C Street, WASHINGTON, D. C.

P h ot 0- L i t h ograph i n g,

Photo-Engraving.

HAUF-TOXE etching on COIHTK; M.\PS anti \1EC11.\N1CAI
DRAWINGS ENLARGED OR REDUCED.

XI" DI TXYVTXCC S,

Printed on Linen, Parchment, Drawing Paper or Card Board for PATENT ATTOR-
NEYS to Accompany Applications for Patents in Foreign Countries.

Kinds of Commercial Lithography.

. CATALOGUE TOOLS & SUPPLIES FREL

^ iiiuimiQ

IMachTne « ■

Tools, Materials and Supplies

OF IlVKIIY DFSCFilPTIOXy

For Manufacturing and Experimental Purposes.

All INVENTORS and MODEL MAKERS should send for one of onr complete Illustrated Catalogues,

Mailed free to any address.

SETS OF CASTINGS OFi

e-v \ MODEL ENGINES

CATALOGUES I

F-REE. I

_^ALSQ TOOLS. 5

GEAR WHEELS. a PARTS OF MODELS?

Goodnow & ligtitman,

63 ScindliLTry Stceet,

ISttSTON, Al.VSS.

The Hatch N' Holmes Manufacturing Co.,

Special Tools,

Small Hardware,
Machinery.

3Iaimt;u'ttirvr,s of

AVIIii: WOKICIXO 3I.VC I IIX i:r»i -V !-il’i:C'IXLT"X

urlir

IT

(I.

The Blades of every Knife manufactured under llii's brand are yiiarantoed free from cracks
and lint soft. Any Iviiife not yiviny satisfaction thmuyli either of the above faults, will be re-
placed by a new knife at the factory.

I'V to the Wuiiil

e manufactured u
giviny satisfactio
actory.

Cor. Kossuth &. Seymore Sts., Bridgeport, Conn.

The Washington National Building and Loan Association,

Ohio National Bank BuiMing, Washington, D. C.

Par value of shares ^^100. and the holder draws that amount in cash at malu-
rit.v, esti mated at seven to eight years time. Cost is 60 cents mimthly or
650 in advance. On the latter c/Zr /tfez/tA- are paid semi-annually, h/ 0
/iv- rtv// pry annum on the amount paid in. Either stock can be withdrawn
ain' time after three months with 6 per cent and after two .vears with 8 per
cent. Vni'xccllcd as a method of saving s)nall or investing large sums.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.

Hon. Joseph D. Taylor, President. W. F. Johnson, Gen' I Manager .

WILLETT & RUOFF,

ATTERS , e
FURRIERvJ

near 9lh St.

Kiiiyhts Templar Regalia.

AViissli i iiji'lon, l>. i. \

Sole Agents for Dunlap & Co.’s New York Hats.
Furs Received on Storage.

H

T. E. CAT^ETn.,

Contractor and Builder,

Cabinet Work a Specially. Jobbing done
Promptly. Estimates for Buildings Fur-
nished. Work Contracted for on the Best
Terms. Charges Moderate.

1131 1st Street, N. W., Washington, D. C

WASHINGTON LOAN and TRUST
COMPANY,

<;lli eiiicl \' S-^l. X. W.

r.,o«iiisi XloiiLTN' Oil C < > 1 I 1 1 c- rn 1 > 1 u 1

1 lu^stotL.-.

IMivs Iiiiun-si on I)rpi>vii ... H;i- for -. 3 -

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CAPITAL, $1,000,000.

Call and see or write i,-.

]!. H. WAKXKK. J're-ident.

JXO. JO’i' KDSOX. Vi,, •-I'r, -;. .
JXO. A. SWdl'E. 2d Viee-J're--.
JXO. R. C.AK.MOm'. Ti-.-asurer.

\V. Ji. ROBISON. S.-eretart .
AXIIRLW P.\RKI-:R. -'t Se,-,v.

AV. .V. I

IN

Contractor’s • •

• • Supplies,

SUM* < M.VM>Li:nV AM) H A-
ifiNi: iiAin>\i asm:,

Blocks, Cordage, Machinists' and En=
gineer's Supplies,

1 1 A H X i: S S.

220 Tenth St., Corntr of C Street Northwest,

WASIHXt.Ti i.V. I). L.

JOS. E. HODGSON,

Furnaces, Ranges and Lalrobes,

ROOFING, GUTTERING and SPOUTING.

Jobbing Prompily Atlendud to.

All Work ( Hiaranteed.

Repairs furnished f(jr all kinds of Stoves.

Xo. 4’2.5 Kighth Street Southeast,

WASIIINCTOX, D. C.

DHALKKS IN

Wall Papers,

Decorations,

Room Mouldings,
Shades, &c.
nil ITfli Sfroot, N. W.,

WASHIXbiTOX, I). C.

Fresco and Plain Painting-. E''tiniates (iiven.

C. E. FINCH,

STAIR BUILDER,

n Stioot, N. AV.

W.ASfllNGTOX, I). C.

AVAI. AV. WIXFKEE,
Carpenter and guilder,

1411 F Street, N. W.

Estimates cheerfully yiA’en. None except
best pf AA'orkmen employed by me.

io8

THE INVENTIVE AOE.

THORNE

Type=Setting; riachine,

111 |)r()lital)le and siiccesstiil operation on daily papers like
the New York Post, Harttord Post, Portland (Me.) Press,
Watertown (N. Y.) Times, Joliet (Ilk) News, besides
Weeklies and Monthly Magazines and in Book Offices.

o o

Saves

50

per cent,
over

Handwork.

o o

Does not
require
a

Machinist.

o o

Statement ^

of the work done on three 7-point
Thorne Type-Setting' Machines in
the ortice of the New York Even-
ing Post, during four weeks of
December, 1893 :

Ti-:AiM No. 1.

Ti:am No. 2.

Tk.'\x

No. 3.

datk.

Ti ni('
run.

Kills

set.

Ti iiu‘
run.

K ins
set.

Time

run.

Enis

set.

li. in.

h. in.

li. in.

Total for week.. .
Dec. 1 to 7 i lie.

4t) 50

290,500

41 55

2.S2,500

40 55

200,250

Total for wo
Dec.Sto 14 iiic.

4:: is

310,250

42 25

2(4 1,01 10

42 00

206,250

Total for week.. , ,
Dec. 15 to 31 iiic.

41 11)

294,250

4-

273,500

41 00

258,750

Total for 5 days. .
Dec. 22 to 28 i iic.

29 50

222,750

31 (H)

210,500

30 50

105,500

We furnish our newspaper

customers with superior type,

all nicked for machines . . .

Can You Afford to be Without these flachines?

The Atachines are on exhibition at 134 W. 14th Street, New York, and at our
General Office and Factory, Hartford, Conn. For terms and circulars, address

THORNE TYPE-SETTING MACHINE COMPANY,

HARTFORD, CONN.

139 MONROE 5T., CHICAGO.

rt-IK INVKNTIVE AQK

IO(>

“The Name ‘POTTER’

On a Printing Press is a guaranty of the

highest excellence.”

After May 1st 1894 our friends and
customers will find us in new and
commodious offices in the

POTTER BUILDING,

Park Row, Beekman and Nassau Streets,
NEW YORK.

I

POTTER

PRINTING PRESS
COnPANY.

Little Shoe Chat.

Most Shoe Dealers treat cus-
tomers as thoujjfh they never
expected to see them ag'ain.
We do just the reverse. We
are after your permanent trade.
Every pair of shoes we sell
j'ou must he “just ri^hf in
size, shape, tit, style and dura-
bility— in short the best pair of
shoes its ])riee is ca])able of
buying' anywhere in America,
Let us do your shoeing. Just
now we are ofl'ering a number
of very extraordinary “drives."

Moore’s

Shoe

Palace,

810 7th Street,

.(Next to King's Palace.) WASllINdTOX.

J,H«D.lAKMI=e

^ PLAIN OR SPLIT

QllPUf^CS,
^ PULLEYS.
'SHAPme. HASGERS,

'Counter Shafts

MASSILLDN.O.USA.

MUtursCTUnERS Of

PRICTION CLUTCH

PULLEYS.

T. .t. D.tliXniLLE,

Real Estate, Loans and Insurance,

Cheap Property a Specialty.

1J35 G Street, X. \V., W.asiiingtox, I). C.

STANTON’S STRAINING POT.

Pat. February 18, 1890.

No. Patent 421 ,777.

This device combines a vessel into which liquitls
may be poured or drawn, the ojieration of straining
and measuring being accomplished at the same time.
A cut of the receptacle gives a clear idea of the con-
struction. The body of the pot is cylindrical in
shape, with ribs or rings placed at various distances
to afford means to measure the contents. A funnel
strainer is seated within the top of the ])ot, so th.at
liipuds are guided as well as strained as the^' enter.
A ’.id cl(.ises over tuis to effectually kee]) out dirt and dust should the contents be
left st.anding. A funnel-shaped outlet at the top of the pot jirovides means to
pour out the contents; a strainer placed within this outlet g'iving the ]iassing
liijuid a second straining. A cap attached to the side by' :i short chain is in
handy' reach to close the spout, thus keeping all dust or insects from entering.
This Straining Pot should find a jilace in families, drug stores, li(juor dealers,
and all grocery' stores. The whole patent is offered for sale or will be jilaced on
a royalty', or will be sold by' state or county' as desired by purchaser. For in-
formation address, (fEtlKCiE C, STANTlJN, New Iki'.kia, La.

E. C. GILL, Manager,

ROBINSON ON PATENTS.

Washington Lime and Cement Company,

Wh(.>lesale :iiid Retail Dealers in Time, Plas-
ter, Antietam and Pifrtland Cements, Flue
Tilling Slate. Feed, Wood and Coal, Whole-
sale and Retail. Lime and Antietam Ce-
ment furnished in Carload lots. Estimates
Cheerfully Furnished. Teeepjione 1079.

Cor. 8th and lioundary Sts., Wash. D. C.

J. AY. McMAIlO?^,

oom INIouldings. A
iiie Assortment of

1604 14th street. Northwest,

yVASHIXGTON, P. C.

T A 'ROD killed, Printed and In-
-Ll fj. JJvJ JTL dexed. Records ar-
ranged to save time. U.sed by adver-

n A TT'TlVr D Book and News-

1^-^ ' J-xN xT paper Publiihers, Car-
penters, Eegitieers and others, to
■p "npi ATT ‘TlQJ enter contracts
JLlJIjVjUIiJUIO quickly for instant
reference. Chaelkn, io Spruce st., N. Y.

tellings. Sheet Pie-

ILL PIlPEfiS

lures. Etc. Picture Frame
Maker, Fresco Painting.
Fine Work a Specialty.

A Treatise on the Law of Patents for Useful
Inventions. Py W. C. kobiii'son. LL.D..
l^rofessor of Law in Yale University.
3 vols., Svo, Sheep, $19.50 net.

This important work, including upwards of
2,200 pages, has been in preparation for a num-
ber of years.

It fully and adequately deals with the whole
field of patent law, and is believed to be the first
treatise presenti ng to the jirofession a scien-
tific and exhaustive discussion of the princi-
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law.

It has been the aim of the author to jilace in
the hands of the profession a comiilele jiracli-
cal working treatise, in which might be found
always at hand an answer to any iinestion
arising in the course of professional study, with
the theory on which it rests and the authorities
by which it is supported. Having this end in
view, every patent case in the American and
English reports has been diligently searched,
and every statement bearing upon ain* iiuestion
of patent law has been utilized in the prepara-
tion of the text.

Easily Without a Rival. Ifon. C. E. Mitchell,
Late Commissioner of Patents.

The work is an honor to our nation. Auit't i-
can Lazu Revievj.

LITTLE, BROWN & CO., Publishers,

254 Washington St., Boston, Mass.

In Architecture,

ARCinTECTUK.AL DRAWING.

Plumbing, Heating and Ventilation.

P K 1 1 ) f i E ICN ( 7 1 E E K l N < . ,

R A I L R o A I > E N ( ; I xN !•: 1-: r i n < ; .

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Mechanical Dr a wind

Mining,

Enc.I-ISH pR.tNCHHS. AND

31 i::c II ViNiOi.

Diplomas awarded. To begin students
need only known how to read and write. Send
for FREE Circular of Information slating the
subiect YOU think of studving loTHECOR-
RE'SPONHIEXCE SCHOOL oF MECHANICS
AND INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE, Scranton. Pa.

EDWARD P. THOm^SON M. E.,
SOLICITOR OF PATENTS.

Author “ How' to Make Inventions.”

3to‘) Peekman St.. New York.

Ten years* experience in the intricate patent
laws of iifiy foreign countries and tlie United
States. Not a single dissatisfied client. om-
plete ami successtiil corrt'sjumdence system
with out-of-town clients. Secrecy guaranteed.

AGLNTS $10 a Lay at homo

Silling LUillTMNG rLlTLK
an<i plaTiug .I^'welry, Watches,
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H.F. Delno&Co. Dept. Mo. 6. Columbus, O.

Montague & Fuller,

Latest Improved

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The Largest Line of Machinery
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Ilf)

THE IXVEXTIVE ^OE

THE COX

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DUPLEX

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This Press meets rotary printing ma-
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Our extensive works are constantly run, day and night, to meet the increasing demand.

The DUPLEX PRESS will print and fold, with equal speed, either a FOUR, SIX or EIGHT page paper, WITHOUT ANY ADJUSTMENT

THE COX.

AWARD

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COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION

licstows upon tlie Cox Duplex Dress the liioliest honors, and turants
to us the only award tor a newspaper type-perfectino i)ress.

The DOplei^ PriDting Press

OAXT'EE CRKEIv, XIICH.

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HORACE J. LONG,

SucC'"-'^or ill till-

Wail Paper Department
W. H. HOUGHTON MANUFACTURING CO.,

524 I3th and 1302 F Streets. N. W..

\V.VM1I.N(,T()N. 1). C.

HENRY J. ALBERT M,\xa(,ek.

Wall Paper. Exterior Djxor.ations.

C.YRPI-: rs, Fr escdexc,. Corxic e: TTx rix t,
IxrivRioR Wool) Work and Paixtin(,.

Floor Pollshing. Stain IvD Class.

UoiiT pay any atletilioii to evil reports.

DonT be ton cpiick to coiidenin.

Don't repeat what your neighbors say, they
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Don't iiiviMil a stt)ry from imagination.

Don't j)i]t your money in an old trunk and
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The Fidelity Building, Loan

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Seci\*tary.

WM. DUFFY,

REGISTERED

Plumber and Gas Fitter,

liao N. (' APITOL .ST.,

Wasiiinc.ton, D. C.

Ew rix IWT'KSS K U IVXIiSHEI)

The Advertisers,

Subscribers and Readers

Of the Inventive Age will secure neatness, dispatch and
moderate prices on all kinds of i)riuting by calling on

The A, ye Diintiny Cumpaiiy,

Corner 8th and H Streets, N. W.

Call us up by Telejihoiie, and our representative

win ^ isit _\ ou. L’'ive estiiKites and lakt* oriUT.s.

ENGRAVING AND PRINTING.

BLANK BOOKS MADE TO ORDER.

M K H C X T I L 1C S I A T 1 1 1 N 1- K A' .
C.AKIl i:o.\KIiS.

Tags a.nh Otm Eaiiici.s.
Invijicic .and
STA'I! Eidks.

Pkinti.ng .and
Di.ndi.vg.

Easton & Rupp,

Dealers in

lUank Books, Paper and Envelopes,
Wrapping Paper, Twines, &c.

4.21 Kleventli Street, N. XV.,

I I ACiTOiV, !>• CL

T. II. Alexander,

Attorney and C'oKJisrl/or at La:".

KsrAP.LISIIED 1M57.

Arthur E. Dowell,

.J//’)' id Lav.'y Mi iha/iira/ Expt'rt.

aei:xaxi)i:r x dowkee,

1 . A XV A B

)dcrroK5s ok i avxkn'i'h.

Kooiiis ; 1 , 2 and 3, Ala rble l>nild iiig, (JOT 7t h St., X. AV., AVashiiiglon, 1).
Send tor our Book on Patents.

u. ii. sm.Ms,
Carpenter and Builder.

Shop in Rear of 920 M St. N. W.,

New AVo<kJ and I'oal Vai<L

P. R. TAVENNER & BRO.,

Wood and Coal Dealers,

3323 M Street, W. Washington.

The Best Kind
of an Investment.

The price of larg'c timber tracts in the South
has increased 200 per cent in the last six years.
Will increase more rapidly as tracts gn)W
scarcer.

Tlu‘ Interstate Land Bureau, room 40, Nation-
al Union Building, Washington. D. C., has for
sale over 1,500,000 acres of timber land, in tracts
from 10,000 to 300,000 acres, in Kentucky, Non h
Carolina, Florida. Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana
and Te.xas. l^rices from 51 to $8 j)er acre.

Also land for colonies in Southern Maryland,
VirgiiD’a, Alabama and Georgia. Good unim-
proved farming land in Alabama and Ge<^)rgia,
easy of access to markets, from $2 to$3 per acre.

Also coal land in Tennessee, Kentucky' and
West Virginia.

Also cheap farms in Virginia and Maryland,
and choice g’old mining properties in Virginia,
Maryland. North Carolina and Georgia.

Also choice properties for large or small in-
vestors in and about Wasliiiigton. TheBureau
has reliable ag'eiits in London and xVnisterdam.

W3I. EDGAR ROCtERS,

Sec’y and GenT Manager.

BRADLEY BROTHERS,

SUCCESSORS TO

J. W. LATOURETTE^

927 D Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Desire to inform their friends and the gen-
eral public that they have purchased a portion
of the stock—x'ehicles and good will — of said
La Tourette, at the above named stables, and
will supply the stables with new buggies, etc.,
and hrstclass drix'ing horses, and thereby be
prepared to fu rnish the finest turnouts in the
city, making a specialty of light hiring; horses
boarded by the day or month at reasonable
rates. Give us a call.

BRADLEY BROTHERS,

Successors to J. W. La Tourette.

No. 927 D St., Next to Evening News,

Telephone Call. 2<)1.

P. S. — Also proprietors of Kidgeland Stock
Farm, near Cabin John Bridge. Horses
stabled and pastured at all seasons.

Wm. MacKENZIE &. CO.,

Contractors in Stone Work.

Estimates Cheerfully Furnished.

Orders by mail will receive prompt
attention.

I^eptiirss Cl iSi>eciciltjv-.

Weather Strips. Window Screens.

All kinds of of coal at lowest rates served in
any (j^uantity, and prompt delivery guaranteed.
Coal under cover.

S. W. Cor. N. J. Ave. and R Street, N. W.
WASHINGTON, D. C.

THK

<TlVb: ^CtE.

1 1 j

$1.00 REWARD

To every inventor havin^r invention lie
wants patented, and who solves correctly a
small ])robleni, which we will jrive him. For
particulars inclose two 2-cent stamps and ad-
dress the Aiiierieiiii Fateiit 3I:ii'kef, St. Paul,
Minn. A. M. Caklskn, Proprietor,

Andrew B. Graham,

\ ITtiOGRflPrtER

1230 Penn. Avenue,

Bill^Heads,

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Bonds,

Checks,

Letter=Heads,

Cards,

Notes,

Drafts,

c ertificates of Stock, Etc.

Photo=Lithographing.
FREDERICK CARL,

Successor to E. H. Bk.aufokd.

Model Maker,

Expert ill Perfect Workinu; Models,

Desi^rniiig’, DraftiiiLf and Perfect Work-
Models for Inventors. Models made
from sketches. Patent Cffice drawiiiirs
or home-made models. Duplicates made
of Patent Office models for law suits in
case of infring’emenl. Paterns made
from wood and metal. Maiiufacluriii”-
of Novelties.

711 G Street, opposite U. S. Patent Office,
WASHINGTON, I). C.

WOOD COAL ^

Dry well-seasoned Wood.
Free-Burning Coke.
First Grade Coal.

Sole Ayent for the

CeleDrated ARGYLL STEAMING COAL.

TIIOS. K. MAHTIX,

Main Office: 920 20lli St. N. "W..

M'ASHINtrrON. D. C TeU-p'ione 1700.

A. F. JOltSS,

Ornamental and Antique Finish

. . WroOghl Iron Work.

304 13th Street, N. W.,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

GEOFGF It. AIKEN,
Stair Building and Hand

Kail Working a Specialty.

THE LINOTYPE.

Machine Composition.

Only Successful Machine in Use.

This machine, operated by finger keys like a typewrite*!*, aulomalically in'odiices. and a^-
sembles, ready for press <>r stereotyping table, lype-melal bars or linolyiirs. each lu-aring. prn]>-
erly justified, the type character to print an entire line. After using tlu* tyjn* bars art- rf-nu*lti <l
and cast into new liars.

1:. i;, j tt.K — »N.

Speed 3,600 to 7,5Q0 ems per hour.

e • •

liasily 0|ienileil. Oiiid;I\ Le.inieil.
Siimle (lijenildr.

\i) Loosu Type. \i> DiNtrilmuon.

New Face fur E\ery I^siie.

® 9 e

Used by 150 . .

‘ Leading Dailies.

Address

The Mertianthaler Linotype Company,

Tribune Building NEW YORK CITY,

PHIL. T. DODGE, President.

Edward H. Allen, Prcshle?:/.

M.vrKie'F, JovcK. Trcasnri-r.

1210 C Street, N. W.,

W.ASIIINGTON, D. C.

THE STANDARD
ENGRAVING COMPANY,

414 Eleventh St., 927 F Street,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Engraving by all Methods.

Half Tones Etched on Hard Rolled Copper and Blocked on

Mahogany a Specialty.

The Norris Peters Company,

Photo=Lithographers,

4A<S-4G0 IVini. Avoimo, Wash in.i» ton, 1). 4'.

Special attention given to the reproduction and jn'inting of copies on parclinieiit. drawing-
paper, tracing-linen, and cardboard, of l^atent Office drawings for attorneys to accomiiany appli-
caliim for patents in foreign countries.

GKO. S. DOKEMUS.

KK’AXK C. JUST

1>. S. AIUltFtlY,

Practical Tinning and Heating,

Steel Plate Furnaces. Ranges and Latrobes.
Jobbing done on short notice.

N. AV. Corner 3rd and H Streets,
AVASHINGTON, D. C.

DOREMUS & JUST,

414 Eleventh St., Star Building,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Model Makers, Manufacturers of Patented

Novelties and Electric Supplies.

All kinds Screw machine work. Bicycles built to order, repaired, nickle ])lated
and enameled with baked enamel. Ciold, Silver, Nickle, Copper and Bronze Plater.

COiaiKleliei'is TSei'iiiii-iliod tlio S»tyTo;-i.

Out of town work solicited.

E.E.Jackson&Co.

Lumber, Doors, Sash,

Blinds and Moulding.

Cor. 13th and Ohio .X\ e., N. \\

tV.VSinXl.TGX. I). I .

si‘i;< i.Vl.TIKS; Dr, --.-(I

M.iki' r- of A lab i 111 n Ed g<--< i r; • n I ” Inori i; l .
Mills I'lcaied at iMar.lers\ ille. Ala.

(icorgc M. Barker,

tv. P. TPLTAICK.

Building Material.

Doors, Sash, Blinds, Moulding',
Frames, Mantels.

Nos. (4*^ and 051 N. Y. Avk.
WASHINGTON. D.C.

Tele]dlone Gis.

J ). BA FI. at; F.
Practical Mechanician,

(iLstablishi'd 1855.

Constructor of Light Machinery, Experimental
and Model Work.

AH order*- for Certified Duplicate-, of Patent
Offim* Models, and Models of any Fondgn Pat-
ents from Drawings and Specificalioiii-. hied in
the Library of the Patent ( )ffict* for law suits in
case of infringement: also. Original Models for
Inventors, and M' dels to complete a])]dication
for Patent-, from Dravwiiigs and Specilication-.
hled in the Patent Office.

731 7th Street. N. W.

Wasiixnc.ton. D. C.

GI IAS. i :. COdOsVVFFT..

Carpenter and Builder,

15th Street Extended, Mt. Pleasant.

WASHIXdTOX. I). C.

Jobliing. clone in nil its branch,....

IXliniates cheerfully furnisheil.

WALLACE WOODWARD,

Furnaces, Ranges and Latrobes,

Set and llepaiiaMl.

R 00 ling. Guttering and Spouti rig.
Snitikey Chimneys Cured. Brick
worlc repai red. Roof Painting. AH
orders promptly attended to.

1404 T Stn-el. N. WAsFtiNGToN. D. C.

EVERYBODY WANTS THE

LWE STOCK JOURNAL

t>| And our WOKLDS FAIK.'idc.

W PREMIUm SPRING CURRY COMB
e 1? T2 1-2 t o Lvei-v Subseribei'.
^I.IO A YEAU.

Write for FliEE SAiilPLE COPY.
Libei'iil Cash Commission to Acents.

WesteroAgricuiturist and Live StocUouroal

334 Dearborn St., (diiciiso. Til.. or

QCIXCY, ILIdXOIS.

(-tiaaiui 1; FFiTu iF

Slate and Tile Roofer,

1424 mill .Su'ccl, iic.ir P S(., W..

W.y.-HIXGTOX. 1). C.

KepairinL.- a ^.pcciaUi . All wnrlc "■narantecci.

pracil 8RiCmS IfULL

Best of wiii’k dolu* on sliortest notice.

Est iniai fs f uni I shod.

I Street, N. K,,

‘Washinc.ton, D. C.

II2

THE IXVEXTITE AOE.

Superior Copper Mixed

Has st()(3(i the test of a quarter of a eeiitury and now stands Without a Peer.

Quality of Goods,
Courtesy to the Trade,
Accommodating Ways,
Energy, Intelligence and
Progressiveness ^

^ Have put this foundry to the front.
(( It is now the largest in the country.

J Prol)al)ly the largest in the world.

Dealers in Babcock Air Spring Presses,

Howard Iron Works Cutters,
Chandler & Price Presses.

And all other kinds of Machinery, Inks, etc., etc.

This firm inakc's tyj»e wliich is sp«M‘iaI-
ly a«hipt<Mi tor us<> in that

Inevitable Destiny of the Drint-shoi)

The inaohiiie which SETS
MOVABLE rVI»ES.

Send for Catalogues, Pony Specimen Books, Estimates and Information to us or any of our Branches.

Tlie Great Western Type Foundry, Kansas City.
“ “ “ “ “ Omaha.

" St. koiiis Di'inters Siipi)ly Co., St. Louis.

“ Minnesota Type Foundry, St. Daiil, Minn.

Barnhart Bros. & Spindler,

183 to 185 Monroe Street, Chicaj^o.

Joseph Leicester Atkins,

l(di'iils iiiid I'iili'iil (itiisrs.

Atlantic Building, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Sixty page book free.

1. W. KIMBALL CO.

M .A. N’ U I- A C T r In’ 1'. K S I ) !•

PIANOS AND ORGANS,

Highest Honors World’s Fair.

6o Organs Daily. CHICAGO. 20 Pianos Daily.

Office and Wakehooms:

\Vaba.sh Avenue near Jackson Street.
Factorif.s: Corner 26 and Rockwell Streets.

Expert Model Making.

EST.-VHLISHED 1867.

PETER SEYL.Proi). Cliicag-o Model IVorks,
Cliicag'O, 111., IT'l Madison St. Write for cata-
loyue of Model Supplies and references.

CHAS. H. HODGKIN,

Expert in Plate Glass

WAREROOMS: 913 7th St., N. W.,

AVASHINGTON, D. C.

No. tlO.'l Sixtli Slreet, Nortlnvest,

COXTRACTOR AXl) BUILDER.

Johhini; Broini»tly Alt«*n(le(l to.

Estimates furnished on shortest notice.

BARBER& ROSS,

Hi 11 Til) (AT, T)(T0TS,

Sasli, Hliiicls,
XXa TclAvaTe.
W\^oo(I aiicl Slate
]\X a lit els.

Gas X^ixtiiTes,

&c.

OFFICE AND STORE:

iith and G Street, N. W.

WAREHOUSE:

13th and Ohio Ave.

ETTINGER & SMITH,

Contractors
and Builders,

215 Twelfth Street, N. W.,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

Estimates cheerfully furnished. Jobbing'
done on short notice. Orders by mail will
receive prompt attention.

S. H. HINES,

UNDERXAKER AND EnBALHER,

2203 and 2205 14th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

Willi six'loon years' f.xiioritMico offers hinisolf to tlu' iiublic to do all kinds of funeral
work, ainl iruarantiM* jn'oiiiin attention and tbe very best of service at t be lowest
])ricos. ^MtTallic casl^iUs furniNliod when sodosirod.

Open l>a,\ ami Nijiht. Teh phoiie, Uo. < hairs lor Hire on all Oeeasions.

Arrangements can he made with us for funerals in any city in the United States, or for
transfer of bodies from one city to another.

Tlie Peoples Co-operative Burial Association,

All iiersoiis who may be called on to bury a member of their family or a friend are res-
liectlullv invited to call at the offue of the L'o-ojierati ve Burial Assticiation and
ex a mine on r cm't i ficales represtoi t i ng S50 and finii I H nerals. Cert i Fi cates wlieii pa id
11 ]). d i*a w 4 pe r ceil t i nte rt*si . a ml a r»“ I ra n s f(M'a ble to any one. Cash or install, as
])refered. AH of on r f u iiera Is wi 11 lia ve prom ])t at li*n t ion a nd tlie best of services
gua ran teed, lex am i iie and be con \ i nci-d of yon r i merest i n t lie matter. ( qieii day
and night for fuiu'ral w<»rK. ^Uelepiione. 775.

S. II. MIX IGS. Pi-(‘si<l(>ii1.

and ‘C; U 7 1 1 1 h St laa-t , > . .

I MORRISON pfiPER fOMPflHY,

Dealers in Manilla aul Sttaw Wrapping Paper, Flour Sacks, Paper Bags,
Twine, Shipping Tags, Straw Board, Ice Cream Boxes, Writing and
Printing Papers and Envelopes.

Agents for Holyoke Flat and Writing Papers, Collins’ Printers’ and Photographers
Cards, Chas. Eneu Johnson & Co.’s Printers Ink.

No. loog Penn. Ave. N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C.

W. S. JONES,

Fifth Year. <
No. 6.

WASHINGTON, D. C., JUNE, 1894.

Single Copies lo Cents.
$i Per Year.

AN AUTOHATIC CAR FENDER.

A Simple, Practical and Inexpensive Life and Limb
Saving Device.

The iiiaiiuinig' and killing' of men, women and
children by rapidly moving' electric and cable street
cars, and the demand, upon the part of the public
and municipal, and other authorities, that these cars
be equipped with life and limb saving' devices, have
inspired inventors to attempt to bring forth an
apparatus that will meet
the requirements. As a
consequence quite a num-
ber of patents have been
issued upon car fenders
within the past few months;
yet it will be noticed that
the companies continue to
use old style fenders on
their cars. This is not be-
cause the manag'ement
does not deem fenders
an urgent neces-
sity; nor is it because the
companies do not wish to
coniplj' with the demands
made upon them; but it is
more particularly because
the fenders thus far
brought to the attention of
street railwaj' manag'ers
and operating superintendents have not been prac-
tical. Serious objection has been raised to the
adoption of almost every one of them. Some have
been so complicated as to make it utterly impracti-
cable to adapt them to the cars; others have failed
because they occupied valuable street room in front
of the cars; and although fenders of this type would
catch and hold an object thrown into them, they
would also trip up people who would not otherwise
be touched bv the moving car, and assist in blockad-
ing' streets where commercial traffic was heavy, or
would be ground to pieces by the wheels of passing'
drays and wagons.

Most of the inventions of this character, however,
had that prevailing weakness which encompasses
almost every device constructed for the purpose of
saving' life — the}’ failed to be effective at the critical
momont. And thus the public and the street car
manag'ers have been compelled to wait until inven-
tive g'enius solved the problem and gave to them a
reliable and efficient automatic street car fender.

The difficulty in this direction has been to con-
struct a device that would actually save the limbs
and lives of persons unfortunate enough to be
thrown beneath the wheels and low-running
trucks of street cars, and not such a one as would
reach out and drag people under the cars and crush
instead of save them. When human beings have,
by their own neg'ligence or otherwise, been thrown
under the car they are at the mercy of the death-
dealing wheels and running' g'ear, and beyond the
reach of the car operator, except as he may able to
stop the car before the victim is mang'led or killed ;

and this, with his multiplicit}’ of duties, the motor-
man or gripnia.!! is seldom able to do.

The average passenger on an electric or cable car
but little thinks of the responsibilities of the man
who starts or stops the cars by picking up or drop-
ping' the cable, making' or breaking' the circuit, or
throwing on or off the breaks. If you ask him he
will tell you that he is both physically tired and
mentally exhausted when his dav’s work is done —
mentally exhausted by being' compelled to prevent

collision with vehicles controlled by reckless drivers,
watching' for signals from intending passeng'ers.

obej’ing the bell calls of conductors, keeping his car
from running down thoughtless men and women or
crushing the life out of daring and reckless children,
witli the fear of being' compelled to stand trial for
having practiced criminal negligence, if not for a
greater crime. And it is also because the more re-
cently invented street car fenders have not been
constructed with a view to diminishing the duties of
the car operator, that railway managers have not
adopted them. These managers, of all others, best
understand the conditions and requirements, and

they are just as anxious as is the public and au-
thorities that tlieir rolling stock shall be equipped to,
protect the lives and limbs of their patrons and the
public who find their way beneath the wheels of the
cars. They have been waiting for a car fender that
would be simple in construction, practical in < libera-
tion, and efficient in performance -one that would
require no attention upon the part of the operator,
and one which would automatically pick up the vic-
tim before the wheels or trucks had mang'led limbs
or crushed out life.

By reference to the accompanying illustrations of
the automatic car fender invented by Eldridg^e J.
Smith, it would appear that this problem has been
finally and successfully solved. This fender is con-
spicuous for its marked simplicitv and economy in
both construction and operation, consisting' practi-
cal!}’, as it does, of a bar holding a set of feelers,
a tripping’ device and a fender. The feelers are
made of steel rods or wire screen, and are con-
structed to conform to any and all irreg'ularities of
road bed and track and protect bodies passing’ un-
der them from injury by contact with bolt.- and
brackets underneath cars, and can be adjusted to
travel just as far above the surface of the road as is
desirable, and to actuate the tripping device by a
light or heavy pressure. Back of these feelers or
screen, attached to a bearing’, hing’ed at its lower
base, hangs the fender proper, which is made of
strong, flexible, round ended steel rods, slig'htly
curved to form a convex, springy resting’ place for
any object that may be placed upon it. These fingers
can be tipped with rubber points if desirable. Ex-
tending’ forward from
this fender to the bar
holding the feelers or
a rod which,
when moved backward,
brings into operation
an effective locking’ me-
chanism. in principle
and action not unlike
the most common means
employed to set a g’un-
lock. This rod is con-
trolled by the motorman
or g'ripman throng’ll a
hand or foot lever, as
gong’s are now operated
on some street cars. It
will be observed that
the very instant an ob-
ject passes under the
forward end of the car this fender automatically
drops down and forms a perfect shield in front of
the wheels, and that the flexible iing’ers pick up
and carry the body along until the car stops and it
is extricated.

When the Smith fender, which is now owned by
the Automatic Car Fender Co., with headquarters
in Washington, D. C., is attached to the car. it is
arranged for operation by means of this foot or
hand lever. When the car is moving along' the
[Continued on page 121).

AUTOMATIC FENDER IN NATURAL POSITION.

"the: inventive age^.

il4

E»tal3lisliecl 1889.

INVENTIVE AGE PUBLISHING CO.,

8tli <iml ii 8t.s., AViishiiitftoii, I>.

Alex. S. C.rPEUAKr.

Makshall H. Jewell.

The Inventive Age is sent, postajre prepaid, to any address
in tile United States, Canada or Mexico fur $1 a year; to any
other country', postaj^e prepaid, $1.50. All snbscrii>tions stojiped
at expiration of term.

Correspondence witli inventors, mechanics, manufacturers,
scientists and others is invited. The columns of this journal are
open for thediscussion of such subjects as are of j^eneral interest
to its readers.

Technical matter is particularly desired. AVe want practical
information from practical men.

Nothiiiff will be published in the editorial columns for pay.

The Inventive Age is thoroutrhly independent, and has no
alliance with any patent attorney or patent bureau. It is tlie
friend of the inventor and the American manufacturer.

Advertisinjr rates made known on application. Special facil-
ities for furnishing- cuts of any i)atented article together with
descriptive article. Business specials 15 cents a line each inser-
tion, 7 words to the line. No advertisement less than 50 cents.

Address all communications to The Inventive Age, Wash-
ington, 1>. C.

Entered at the Postojpce tn ]\\ishinoton as second-class jnatter.

WASHINGTON, 1). C., JUNR, 1894.

In a South Dakota case ag-ainst the Western Union
Telegraph Conipanv for failure to deliver a message.
Judge Smith decided that under the laws of that
state a person cannot recover damag'e.s for “ mental
anguish.”

This issue contains two articles of es])ecial inter-
est to street car operators. One in relation to the
Smith automatic car fender and the other descrip-
tive of the King Electric Closed Conduit system.
The Julv issue will contain further information on
these subjects.

Thk successful termination and settlement of the
railroad strike on the Great Northern railway by
arbitrators aifords a strong argument in favor of
national legislation in favor of arbitration in so far
as difficulties may arise between the employees and
o))erators of railways eng'aged in inter-state traftic.

It has been demonstrated, during the pendency of
the great coal strike, that it is possible to import
English and Canadian coal into this country at from
forty-five to fifty cents a ton above the reg-ular price
in New York, and this with a duty of seventy-five
cents .a ton. The advocates of free coal have been
given an object lesson during the past month.

In this issue aijpears the admirable ]iaper ” Dro-
cedure in Patent Cases,” read before the American
Association of Inventors and Manufacturers at its
January meeting by Richard Henry Gatling, of New
York. The instructions to inventors are clear and
concise, and the synopsis of the patent laws and
Patent (Jffice rulings comprehensive and comjilete.
This ])aper will be read with a great deal of interest
by all persons interested in inventions and jiatents;
as it seeks to impress upon the inventor the impor-
tance of business tact in securing a strong- patent
if he would realize benefits from his discovery.

Accokdinc. to Mr. W. Kennon White of the Balti-
more Traction Company, the life of a wheel on a
cable car is about 400 days, but on electric cars,
where the current is constantly returning- thnnig-h
the medium of the r,ails to the power house, the life
of the wheel is considerably less than a year. Mr.
Kennon suggests that here is an excellent ojiportun-
ity for American inventors. It has been said that
” necessity is the mother of invention,” and certainly
there can be no doubt of the existence of a necessitj'
for the invention of a car wheel th.at will success-
fully withstand the peculiarly destructive eccentrici-
ties of the electric current.

The necessity of raising the standard of Patent
Office practice through the medium of a Patent Of-
fice bar — admission to which shall be governed by
certain qualifications possessed by the applicant —
is admitted on all sides, and the question is just now

being quite generally discussed by attorneys and
others. The sugg-estion of the Inventive Age that
the interests of the inventor recpiired that admission
to the proposed Patent Office bar should call for
degree of technical knowledge as well as legal abil-
ity, meets with approval. The best and most success-
ful patent attorney is one possessed of sufficient
knowledg'-e of mechanics and engineering-, to prop-
erly, intellig-ently and fully cover, in the ])lans and
specifications, the rig'hts of the inventor. However,
mere technical knowledge is not sufficient, and what-
ever may be determined as the proper standard of the
Patent Office bar it should encourage as far as pos-
sible the combination of the two qualifications —
leg-al learning and comprehension of mechanical
and scientific princij)les. On this subject The In-
ventive Age invites the opinion of its readers.

The demonstrations now being m.'ide by the in-
dustrial world in favor of the legal eight hours day,
are likely to increase until ]mblic ojnnion shall be
influenced in the direction of suitable legislation
looking to a shortening- of the hours of labor. The
wonderful advancement in the invention and appli-
cation of labor-saving machinery in all industries
giving employment to labor has had the effect of
lessening the demand for human exertion, and in
times of great business depression like the present,
the idle hands of the laboring classes results in g-reat
want and suffering-. There is much log-ic in the theory
that as labor-saving machinery is apjdied to the
various industries, the hours of labor should be
shortened, that the reward of labor and industry
may be equitably divided among- that class dejien-
dent entirely upon the opportunitv of putting forth
physical exertion for the necessaries of life for
themselves and families. The result of the inven-
tive genius during the last (juarter century now
clothes the skilled laborer with excellent arg^uments
in favor of fewer hours for a day's work.

That modern torpedo boats are destined to phav
no minor jiart in hostile demonstrations th.'it may
be indulged in on the part of the nations of the
earth henceforth has been fully demonstr.Tted bv
the recent maneuvers of the little Cushing and its
comjianion, the Stiletto, at Newjxu't. The tor]iedo
boat Cushing, illustrated in the March issue of Tine
Inx'ENTivp; Age, recently left the Washington
Navy Yard after receiving a new coat of paint — a
very dark brown, almost black — .and made her way
to New York by the “ inland route,” to demonstrate
the feasibility of this route for this class of vessels
in case of hostilities on the high seas. The " Cush-
ing ” started down the Potomac River to Chesaiieake
Bav, proceeded uj) to Chesajieake City and thence
crossed by the canal to the Delaware River, contin-
ued north to the Delaware and Raritan Canal, and
by way of the Raritan River and Bay entered New
York waters. Slie carried weig-ht eipiivalent to
her full equipment in time of war. To show the
possibility of evading the search lights of the jxin-
derous men-of-w;ir the Cushing- last summer made
numerous trips out of the harbor at Goat Island
and, after jirowling around among- the g-re:it war
shijis for an hour or more — any one of which mig-ht
have been blown out of the water — she returned to
her mooring-s undetected. On the l.sth ult. a novel
feat, no less remarkable, was witnessed at Newport.
In this test the officers of the torpedo station search
light were notified to be on the outlook for tlie Cush-
ing and Stiletto. The color of the Cushing- had
been changed to deceive the officers but the Stiletto
retained her dark-green color. The boats entered
the rang-e of the search light a few minutes after
the a])pointed time. They stole over to the shore of
Conanicut Island and ])assed along- to Rose Island,
where they crossed the harbor and came up to their
anchorag-e while the officers with the light were
looking for them at the entrance to the bay. The
boats for ten minutes were in the clear, open chan-
nel, but their deej) color agr-aimst the rocky shore be-
V'ond caused them to escajje detection. This indi-
cates how hel])less is the most ponderous man-of-
war in the presence of these little impudent dyna-
mite destroyers when skilfully maneuvered.

NOTES AND NEWS.

3Ioiistor tStoaiii AVliistlo. — A monster steam
whistle, made of brass, 3 feet long, has been turned
out of the shops of the Philadelphia and Reading
Railroad. It is said the whistle can be heard a dis-
tance of 30 miles.

* -X-

Pi'olits Carlo. — The season which has

just closed is said to have been a very indifferent
one for the Monte Carlo Gamhling Companv, but
nothwithstanding- this fact, the season's profit was
$4,224,000, on a capital (.)f $5,760,000.

■X- -x- -x-

An Exiu-nsive AViHcr Supply Sy.stem. -Man-
chester, Ffiigland, is not only celebrating the com-
])letion of the great ship canal, but is also comjilet-
ing a water system at a cost of $12, .500, 000, the water
being- taken from one of the lakes in Cumberland, 95
miles away.

EiiaiiU'liiig- St»‘iini l»<»il«“i‘S. A new invention
is now being tested known as the enamel process for
ste.'im lioilers. The inner surface is thinlv coated
with a sm(x)th black en.'i mel, which is said to jirevent
incrustation and prevent the usual action of acids
on the boiler.

Great (’r«‘ssure on IHeiffrie Light liiilb. —

Those who have not made the calculations for them-
selves may be surprised to know that the pressure
of the ;iir on the outside of the bulb of a 2,bb0-c. p.
incandescent lamp having a surface of 300 square
inches is about Ifi ti.ms.

Arin>- Siiieides. It has been shown by the
statistics that the percentag-e of suicides in the Ger-
man army as well as among- German civilians is
g-reater than in other European countries ; equaling
(i.33 per 10.000 in the army against 3.3.1 in the French
and 2.o7 in the English armies.

Sovriily fflilos :iii Ilnur. — A Eehigh Valley en-
g-ine. No. o55. was recently turned out of the Buffalo
sho])s and given a s])eed test that has satisfied the
builders of the feasibility of m.'iintaining an aver-
age s])eed of 70 miles an hour. In the face of a
strong- wind the engine was run at the rate of 82)4
miles an hour between Buffiilo and Batavia.

Long- Iviiils. — A test of the 60-foot steel rail has
been made by the Norfolk & Western Railroad and
as a result an order for a quantitv of the long rails
has been placed, the companv paying a premium of
$2 a ton over the cost of 3()-foot lengths. A larg-e
saving- in ex])ense of track labor has been demon-
strated and something of a saving- in wear of rolling
stock.

FiiU'st SD-aiuhuat Evrr IJiiilt, — The new in-
land steamboat “ Priscilla,” built for the Fall River
Fine of Boston, by the W. A A. Fletcher Compan3’,
of Hoboken, R. I., is probably the largest and finest
steamboat alloat. Her length over all is 440 feet, 6
inches; beam over g-uards, 93 feet ; mean draught,
loaded, 13 feet ; displacement, loaded, 5,030 tons ;
maximum lujrse-poxver, 8,500.

Nu\ el Furiu oC Ariuur Plate. — Paul R. De F.
D'Humv, of Chicago, is the inventor of a novel form
of armor jtlate, which is soon to be given an exhaus-
tive trial 1)3' the Government. Mr. D'Huni\'’s plan
is to present the edge of the armor plate, instead
of its surface, to the projectiles of the enemj'. In-
stead of being- in one piece the plate will be com-
])osed of a number of 2-inch steel plates set on edge
and bolted together.

■X- » -X-

SubD'rrauoau Luiuloii. — To illustrate the ex-
tent of subterranean passage wavs in London it is
recorded that the new Citv and Waterloo Electric
Railwav line will, for ;i part of its waj', run under-
neath the lorv lever sewer, which is sixth-three feet
below the street surface. First is the busv through-
fc'ire of Oueen Victoria street, below tliis a steam
railway-, then the huge metropolitan sewer and be-
neath tliis, at a depth of eig-ht_v feet, the new elec-
tric line.

-x- -X- -x-

Italian Wiiuvs. — ItaL' is the first ivine producing
countrv in the ivorld. During- the 3'ears 1892-3 the
g-rape cro]> was so abundant in Itah' that in many
districts there 3vere not barrels and demijohns
enoug^h to hold the pressed juice, and cisterns were
emptied of their water and filled rvith wine. The
g-ross value of the crop equals $231,600,000 a year,

thp: tx\

"3

AGH.

while the grain crop is only valued at 1^154, 400, 000.
The value of the wine crop is one-sixth of the
whole agricultural jwoduction of Itah".

tiovei'uiiieiit Ownersliip <>f Kailroads. — Now

that the question of governmental control of the tel-
egraph is so generally and persistentlv urged in this
country, the experience of England in this respect
is of more than passing interest. According to the
last treasurj' report the expenses during 1893 footed
up nearly a million dollars in excess of the receipts.
Advocates of governmental control will, however,
point to the fact of cheaper service and more general
use by the people in partial recompense for the de-
ficiency'.

Average Xiiiuber of AVorking- Days. — The

average number of working day's in y'arious coun-
tries is as follows ; In Russia, 267 ; in England. 278 :
in Spain, 290 ; in Austria, 295 ; in Italy, 298 : in Ba-
y'aria and Belgium, 300 : in Saxony' and France, 302 ;
in Denmark, Norway and Syvitzerland, 303: in Prus-
sia, 305 ; in Holland and North America, 308 ; and in
Hungary', 312. One conclusion, at least, can be
drawn from these figures, remarks Engineering of
London — y'iz.. that the number of yvorking days of a
country' has nothing to do yvith its national yvealth.

Produet ion of Hiiildiiig Stone in ISDIJ. — A

report on the valuation of building stones produced
in the L^nited States during 1893, has been compiled
b3' Dr. IVm. C. Day', special agent of the United
States Geological Sury'ey'. It shows an aggregate
valuation of almost 522.000,0011, a decrease of oy'er
513,000,000 from that of 1892. The v;iluation during
the first half of the year was ey'en larger than for
the similar period of 1892, oyving to pending goy'ern-
ment and private contracts. The large decrease
yvhich in the latter half took ])lace is attributed to
the financial depression. — Stone.

* *

Prooess for C'ldcing l)i-y Coals. — Mr. G. C.

Heyy'ett, IVashington, is the iny'entor of a process for
making coke from dry' coals and lignites. Mr.
Heyy'ett holds that the failure of the many' processes
for making coke from non-coking coals was caused
by' the premature evolution of gases during the heat-
ing, and that there is consequently' no opportunity'
for the coal to cake. His iny'ention consists in
bringing about certain changes in the constitution
of non-coking coals b\' heating them at a loyv tem-
perature under pressure, and there b_v giy'ing them
the property' of caking and then coking them by' the
ordinary' process. In his process the coal is first re-
duced to a certain degree of fineness, and then siib-
jected to a gentle heat under pressure greater than
24 inches of yvater. After the coal has been heated
sufficiently' to bring about the proper changes, the
coking operation is continued by' any' one of the
ordinary' processes. — Age of Steel.

Alluminum Shoe Heels.

Residents of cities, yvhere brick and stone side-
yvalks prey'ail yvill be interested in the noy'el iny'en-
tion of Mr. M. IV. Allen, of Eldon, Mo. He pro-
poses to substitute alluminum for leather in building-
up the heels for boots and shoes. The acly'antag-es
claimed for this iny'ention yvill be apparent to manu-
facturers of boots and shoes. The durability' of
alluminum coupled with its extreme lightness makes

its use desirable over other metals. The heel con-
sists of a holloyy' shell hay'ing surrounding yvalls,
proy'ided with an inwardly' extending flange about
its three side walls, and a foryvardh' extending
flange, projecting from its front wall on its upper
edges, and extentions on its lower portions, and a

bottom plate detachably secured to said extensions
and hay'ing lugs formed on its upper face portion, a
Coiled s])ring cejnnected by' its lower coil to s.'iid
lugs, in combination yvith a y'ielding insole haying
a circular projection on its loyver face, yvith the
upper coil of said spring inclosing the same, as
shoyyn in accompaning illustration. As yvill lie
noticed the coil spring is so adjusted as tej form a
sort of cushion for the heel of the person and all jar
incidental to yvalking is oy'ercome. IVith allumi-
num there yvould be no such thing as •' run-over ”
heels and the life of a pair of shoes yvould be greatly'
jirolonged.

A Warning to Inventors.

Notwithstanding the yvarning to inv'eutors con-
stantly' being given by' Thk Inventive Age and
other technical magazines against syvindling Patent
Brokers, Patent Agencies, Patent Exchanges. Pat-
ent Iny'estment Companies and the like, complaints
are constantly' coming in from inventors yvho have
been y'ictimized.

No sooner is the •' list of patents granted ” issued
by' the goy'ernment each yveek than each iny'entor
is beseiged by' a flood of circulars and letters setting
forth in gloyving terms the great yvorth of the inven-
tion— if properly' handled — and offering gratuitous
adv'ice as to the manner of disposing- of or dey'elop-
ing- it. Nine out of ten of these so-called Patent
Agencies are fictitious and fraudulent. The mana-
gers hay'e no idea of making a bona fide sale of a
patent but figure merely- upon the first advance fee
of 520 to 550 for •' expenses, ady-ertising-," etc.

(One of the boldest schemes of the kind that has
come under the notice of the authorities is that of
the •• American Patent Exchange." headquarters at
Chaffee, N. Y., Georg-e B. Smith manag-er."

This syvindler offers, among other facilities pos-
sessed for the disposal of patents " on commission,"
to insert an ady-ertisement in “The Iny-entiy-e Ag-e,"
yvhich he claims is “a magnificiently' illustrated mag--
azine published to a vast circulation from the home
office at Chaffee, N. Y." Knoyving the reputation
and standing- of The Inventive Age. Mashing-ton,
D. C., — the only’ leg-itimate magazine by' that name
in the yvorld — this name is used for the purpose of
misleading the inventor and causing him to beliey-e
in the reliability- of the so-called “Patent Exchang-e."
While letters addressed to Smith may- reach him, it
is doubtful if a personal intervieyv could be success-
fully arranged.

Generally- these syvindlers make an alliance yy-ith
some clerk in the postoffice of some obscure toyvn. or
suburb, or yvith the postmaster himself, and thus the
g'oy'ernment is made a party- to the syvindle, as yvas
the case of Willis and Bell, arrested at Sig-ourney-,
la., recently-, by' Postoffice Inspector Mercer. Fre-
quently- the name is changed so that yvhile one
month it may be “ Chas. B. Smith, Chaffee. N. Y.,"
the next month it may be “ Paul James Greg-ory-,
Marilla, N. Y. :" while one month it may- be called a
“Patent Brokerage" business, the next month it
may- be called “Patent Exchang-e." or both and
more aliases may- be used at the same time. One con-
cern may- claim to publish the “ Iny-entor's Bulletin,"
another the " Patent Record," and another, as in the
case of Smith last month, may- claim to publish “The
Inventive Ag-e."

Iny-entors should beyvare of these fraudulent con-
cerns, and readers of The Inventive Age can assist
in ferreting- out fraud and bringing guilty- parties
to justice by' sending us such documentary- ey-idence
as they- may- receiy-e from time to time from alleg-ed
Patent Brokers. The Inventive Age is published
in the interest of iny-entors and in that field yvill do
all in its poyver to expose fraud and prey-ent impo-
sition.

That ,$50,000 Prize.

Recent development reg-arding- that $50,000 prize offered last
March by the Metropolitan Traction Company for an under-
g-round electric road suitable for New York city lead us to think
that the offer was not made in a sincere spirit. Prize offers of
this kind should be accompanied by a certified check. Prizes
offered for professional work are seldom satisfactt)ry to either
party. Such legislative acti(yn has been taken that it appears
probable that none of the competing architects will get a cent
for their labor. — Slt'clrical Rc-.'ic-.':.

It is announced that as one result of the recent investigation
of armor-plate frauds at Carnegie's, the btyard will recommend
that “in future mechanical engineers and not sailors be selected
to inspect government mater al," the inspector having been, up
to this time, mainly by ensigns who have returned from sea
voyages. — American Mach in isl.

Discharge .Attachment tor Oil Cans.

Illustrated hereyvith. is a novd inwnti.m ;u tlu-
yvay- of “ Discharg'e Attachment for (lil F.'ui.-.." tlie
result of the ,g-enius of Mr. W. Mathi-v.--,. ..f Ahum-Er, .
Cal. The object of the iiiy-entiou is t'l ]n'‘i\ ide a
simple device to yvhich cans containing "il ;,r i.tlier
liquids may' be applied, so that the liquid can be
drayvn fr(tm the can in an_v desired (luantitie-, until
the supply' is exhausted. The claim made bv the in-
y'entor is that, yvhile valuable for many pur])o,,i-^. ii
i.s especially- ajipicable f(.>r the retailing of co.-il (,il
and gasoline. Its simplicitv. proof against dri])ping.
or getting out of order, combined yvith moderate
cost of manufacture makes it ])arti<-ularl v desirable
for the purposes enumerated. The inventor desires
to dispose of all United States rig-hts. except the

Pacific coast states, he being- fully- eng-ag-ed in
yvorking- them himself. The inventor can furnish
yvorking- model to bona fide iny-estig-ator. The opera-
tion of the can is y-ery- simple. The can holding'
the oil is iny-erted and is provided yvith a base yvith
flexible bottom to yvhich a tube is attached, held in
place above the line of oil by- a spring-. When the oil
is drayvn olT the tube is simply- pressed doyvnyvard.
The cut g-iy-es a clear idea of the mechanism. For
full particulars address. W. Alattheyvs. the iny-entor.
Alameda. Cal.

Combined Kitchen Cabinet and Churn.

Messrs. Josiah K. Hodg-es and Theodore C. Dick-
son. of Chey'enne. Wy-oming. are the iny-entors of a
novel jiiece of kitchen furniture adapted to sery-e the
purposes of the usual dough-boai'd and yvhich also
contains a foldable churn mechanism, so that yvhen
not in use the churn may- be syvung inside out of
sight. The illustration hereyvith shoyvs the cabinet
open and the churn in position for operating-. It
yvill be noticed that in the churn yvorking- device the
churn is yvorked up anddoyvn, the dasher remaining

the top of the churn. The churn can be yvorked
either by- foot treadel or by- hand. It is claimed
that the mechanism yvorks so easily a child can op-
erate it. In a test a little g-irl but fiy-e y-ears of ag-e
churned sey-en quarts of cream in 9L minutes. The
inventors desire to sell state rights for the manu-
facture and sale of the cabinet, and invite corres-
pondence yvith reliable parties in relation to the
matter.

ii6

THB INVENTIVE^ AGE.

Procedure in Patent Cases.

By Richard Henry Gatling.

[Read before the American As!^ocialion of Inventors and Man-
ufactures at Wasliirif’-ton. D. C., January 16, l.S')4.]

GknTi.KMEX : In openinj,'- inj- address, permit me
to express my pride and j^'ratitication that for three
successive j-ears you liave made mv father. Dr, R.
J, G-atling', the President of tliis Association,

Not every inventor possesses a correct kno\vled,t,'‘e
of the projjer procedure in jiatent cases, Scjme one
lias said tliat the best is none too yood. It is well
to remember this in selectiny an attornej" or solic-
itor for takiny out a patent. If the inventor real-
ized the benefit of securiny the services of an expert,
he would select the co-ojieration of a solicitor who
has had lony and thorouyh experience in this line.
The inventor frequently suffers in securiny a law-
yer of little information in reyard to this work. He
should use care in selection, even ainony the best
attorneys. In New York City, as elsewhere, there
are many firms doiny an extensive patent business
who cannot be safeU’ trusted to take proper care of
the inventor's riyhts. Some of these attornej's are
so lackiny in moral convictions that, in receivinyan
application for a patent from a rural inventor, they
will attempt to secure any kind of a jiatent whether
it conforms to the inventor's ideas or drawinys, or
not. The specifications jirepared by such an attor-
ney are drafted with the purpose of securiny a pat-
ent at as early :l date as possible, but without re-
yard to maintaininy any claims which the inventor
himself may particularly desire or insist upon. A
patent is secured, but it is not a patent for the ma-
chine or article which the inventor desired should
be protected, and frecpiently he is unable to recoy-
nize his invention as set forth in his jjatent.

The first care of an inventor should be to have a
yood and strony patent to pr(.)tect his inventii.m.
There is no syiiq^athy for the inventor in the bus-
iness world, for the viciousness e.xercised in business
meth<,)ds permits an advantaye t(_) be t.aken of the
inventor whenever an opportunity offers.

Tlie inventor in manufacturiny the article pat-
ented will find his sales limited unless the ])atent
protects the invention in every jjossible way. < )ther
people would certainly manufacture it and sell it,
and in case of an infrinyement, it is only a strony
patent with broad claims that amounts to much
when beiny forced to stand the severe in vestiyation
experienced in ])assiny throuyh an extended sea of
litiyation. A yood and strony patent is of as iiuich
value to the inventor as the invention itself : for, if
the inventii.m be not properlv protected, it will
amount to little as a piece of projierlj'.

In the dailv transaction of business men become
careless of the strict and well-turned rules of bus-
iness and sometimes neylect to einboj' in contracts
or other leyal papers, clauses or words which bear
upon the suliject matter with almost vital impor-
tance. Such oversiyhts when made by the inventor
too often prove disastrous, esiiecially when the other
parties to an instrument are unscrupulous. Takiny
thinys for yranted, in the business world, more yen-
erally leads to detriment than to yood.

If the inventor understands this he wfill, with
watchful anxiety, take pains to properly secure his
patent so that at least he may start correctly and be
in a position to successfully fiyht the infrinyement
which may be made, and which would otherwise
work as a destroyer of the value (.if his jiatent. For
this reason a few rules or suyyestions are here yiven
conceriiiny the correct procedure in drawiny uji the
papers necessary to secure a ])atent.

The first thiny to be considered is ; are 3'ou satis-
fied that 3'ou have somethiny novel or new ? Ihi-
less _vou are it will be useless for 3'ou to apjjeal to
the Patent Office as is seeti from the followiny
declaration :

“ A patent maj' be obtained bj- anv person who
has invented or discovered anv new and useful art,
machine, manufacture or com])osition of matter, or
aiiA' new and useful inqirovement thereof, not known
nor used bA' others in this country', and not patented
nor described in anx' jirinted jniblication in this or
anj" foreiyn countr3% before his invention or dis-
covery thereof, and not in public use nor on sale for

more than two 3"ears prior to his application, unless
the same is prov'ed to have been abandoned.”

The inventor haviny satisfied himself that his in-
vention can be patented, his first steps are as fol-
lows :

A competent solicitor should be emplo3’ed.

The Patent Office will not assume an3" responsi-
bilitv for the acts of 3'our solicitor.

To properU' endow his solicitor with authority the
ajiplicant must yive him a written authorization or
power of attorne3' which must be filed. This writ-
ten instrument must when yiven to a firm of law-
yers contain the names of all the firm whether the3"
are in pi.iwer to act or not.

If the inventor is not satisfied with his attorne3',
he ma3' revoke at atn' staye of the proceedinys his
authorit3'. This action, however, can onH' be taken
with the approval of the Commissioner of Patents ;
but when done another solicitor or solicitors mav be
chosen.

Should the inventor die the ap]ilication can be
made 113% and the patent will be issued to, his exec-
utnr or administrator. Should anv assiynment of
the interest in a patent be transferred at the re-
quest of the applicant, the jiatent ma3' be issued to
the assiynee ; or, if only a part interest be assiyned,
the patent will on a like request issue jointU' to the
inventor and assiynee.

The .assiynment must be recorded in the Patent
(Ifiice within three months from the d.ate of execu-
tion, otherwise it will be void ayainst a subsequent
purchaser for a valu.able consideration and without
notice of the fact.

The application for a ]i.atent and the .accomp<an3’-
iny oath must be siyned bv the actual inventor.
Should the inventor be dead the application mav be.
siyned bv the executor or administrator.

Joint inventors must have a joint patent. It is
inqiossible for either of them to obtain a patent for
an invention jointly made. Inventors who create
independent and distinct inqirovemetits in the same
machine cannot olitain a joint ]iatent for their sej)-
arate inventions. Kven if the necessaiw' 11101103' to
take out a patent is furnished b3' one person and
another makes the invention, the3' cannot h.ave a
patent as joint inventors.

Dealiny with foreiyn yovernmeiits will not pre-
vent the inventor from receiviny a patent in this
coiintiw', unless the article shall, for more than two
years prior to the filiiiy of the apjilication, have
been introduced in the business world here.

This rule, however, prevails, nameH' : that every
Jiatent yranted here, which has been jirevioiislv se-
cured b3’ the inventor in another countr3’, is so lim-
ited here as to exjiire at the same time with the for-
eiyn Jiatent.

In drawiny uji the jietition, which is considered
the first jiajier necessar3', the ajijilicant must .address
the same to the Commissioiier of Patents: yive the
name and residence of the jietitioiier and desiynate
bv title the invention soiiyht to be secured.

It must also contain jirojier reference to the sjie-
citication with a full disclosure of such invention,
and all this must be siyned 113' the ajijilicant.

The sjiecification, a veiw' imjiortant factor in all
jiatents, is a written descrijition of the invention or
discoverv, and should be jirejiared with care. It
contains in detail a technical descrijition of the
manner and jirocess of makiny, constructiny, com-
jioundiny and usiny the invention or discoverv, and
its value dejiends ujion the full, clear, concise and
exact terms emjilo3'ed in describiny the invention or
discoverv, so that any jierson skilled in the .art or
science to which the invention or discover3’ ajijier-
tains, m.ay be enabled to make, construct, combine
and use the same.

The sjiecification, if jirojierlv made and if it is to
be of any value wh.atever, must set forth with the
yreatest jirecision the invention for which the jiat-
ent is desired.

The jirincijile must, of course, be fully exjilained
and the ajijilicant should state the best mode in
which he has contemjilated ajijiU'iny that jirincijile,
in order to distinyuish it from other inventions.

Concerniny an imjirovement, the sjiecification
should be drawn so as to jiarticularH' jioint out all
jiarts to which the imjirovement may relate and in
jilain lanyuaye select or distinyuish between what is
old and what is thouyht to be new.

The drawinys and all other descrijitions, as well as
the claims, should be confined to the imjirovement
.alone and such other jiarts .as necessaril3' co-ojierate
with or concern it.

All jiractice makes it nece.ss.ar3' th.at the sjiecifica-
tion should conclude with a sjiecific and distinct
claim or claims for the jiart, imjirovement or combi-
n.ation which the inventor thinks to be his invention
or discoverv.

Too much .attention cannot be yiven to tlie draw-
inys which should .accomjiain' ever3' ajijilication for
a Jiatent. Where the sjiecification is abstruse and
ambiyuous, yood drawinys will enable the examiner
to yrasp the idea and understand the claims in the
sjiecification.

This suyyestion that all drawinys should be pre-
pared with care is uryed by the Patent Office itself.

The various views of the drawinys are indicated
b3' fiyures, but their different jiarts are yenerallv
desiynated b3' letters, the3' beiny jireferred to num-
erals.

The sjiecification must be siyned b3' the inventor
himself if alive, or b3' his executor or administrator
if he be dead ; and the siynature must be .attested b3'
two witnesses. Names should be yiven in full and
it is asked that they be leyiliH’ written.

In makiny an oath the ajijilicant, should he be the
inventor, must affirm that he does veritably believe
himself to be the oriyinal and first inventor of the
article in question ; that he has never heard of the
same before and believes it was never used, and must
state his residence and name the countr3' or state c>f
which he is a citizen.

Under othi r jirescribed circumstances oaths must
be taken, but they are not of enouyh imjiortant to
sjieak of in detail.

Oaths or affirmations can be made before an3’ per-
son in the United Statesdulv authorized to administer
oaths, or in a foreiyn countr3', before any minister
or consul holdiny commission under our yovernment.

Drawinys are siyned by the inventor, or his name
ma3' be siyned 113' his attorne3' fact, and these
siynatures are attested 113' two witnesses.

Drawinys show every feature of the invention
covered bv the claims.

When the invention is of an imjirovement on an
old machine or article, the drawinys should illu-
strate the old inventi'in with imjirovement attached
thereto.

The dr.awinys should be jirejiared under the in-
sjiection and made entirely from the suyyestions of
the inventor ; and in most inst.ances the3' are jire-
jiared 113' exjierienced draftsmen who understand
the rules of the Patent Office yoverniny such work.
Hence the details, such as the size and kind of jia-
jier, the number of drawinys, the surface of the jia-
jier .and the jiarticular ink used with the various
kinds of lines, the draftsman yenerallv knows b3'
heart and it is very rarely that anv serious mist.akes
occur from this jiart of the business, tliat is, if the
solicitor has used jirojier care and exercised due
diliyence in drawiny uji the sjiecification and makiny
clear and bioad his claims.

In a case where a model is necessary, the ajijili-
cant will be so notified by the Patent Office. Should
the model be desired, it must show jilainlv .all jioints
desired to be covered 113' the jiatent, and a little more
than usual care should be exercised to make it jier-
fect in ever3' detail, and yenerall3' it should not ex-
ceed in dimensions one cubic foot.

If the model is not jilaced on file it will be returned
to the inventor, and when it is required no exami-
nation of the jiajiers will take jilace until it shall
have been sent to the Patent Office and jilaced on
file.

It has for a lony while been the rule that could a
model be made of metal it w'ould be so jireferred.
Should, however, the material form an essential
feature of the invention, the model then should be
made of that material.

The model, like the drawinys has its jirescribed
dimensions, excejit in cases in which the Commis-
sioner of Patents shall desire it otherwise. For in-
stance, it ma3' be that the machine itself miyht be
used as .a model, and if such is the case the usual
aimensions for the model will not yovern.

Other details are such .as if the model be made of
wood, it must be jiainted or varnished, that ylue
should not be used, that the jiarts should be so made
as not to be effected by an3' action of heat or mois-
ture.

All these details are understood 113' the exjierienced
model maker. Should the invention or discover3'
jiertain to a coinjiosition of m.atter, the ajijilicant, if
asked 113' the Commissioner, must furnish specimens
of the material or comjiosition, and the inyredients
of which it is comjiosed in sufficient quantities for
the jiurjiose of exjieriment.

When the .ajijilication with the necessary jiajiers,
drawinys and model, if required, are in the Patent
Office, the examination is the next steji necessar3' in
securiny a jiatent. The examination, however, is
out of the inventor's hands and he must await the
result of it before realiziny whether he is to meet
failure or achieve success. Ajijilic.ations after be-
iny filed in the Patent < )ffice are classified accordiny
to the v.arious arts, and, in most instances are taken
UJI for examination in the order of their filiny. If
the inventions jiertain, or are jieculiarh' important
to some branch of the jiublic service, or jiromise a
benefit to any yevernmental dejiartment, they are,
as a rule, acted ujion immediatel3', and the examina-
tion comjileted at as earh' a date as jiossible. In
most all other instances the ajijilication takes its reg-
ular course in the order of its filiny.

The first steji in the ex.amination of an ajijilic.ation
is to determine whether it is made in proper form.
Other than formal objections are not, as a rule,
seriousH' considered. Nothiny, however, can be
done until formal objections are disposed of.

An ajijilicant for a jiatent, some or all of whose
claims have been rejected bv the examiner, may
appeal on his oriyinal papers from the decision of
the examiner to a Board of Exaniininers-in-chief.

THE INVENTIVE AOE.

1 1

Three examiners compose this board who are chosen
for their superior mechanical and lei,''al knowledfjfe,
and are ajjpointed by the President of the United
States.

This board carefully examines the application,
and in support thereof the applicant's attorney ma_v
submit oral or written arg'uments, after which the
examiner's decision ma_v be reversed or affirmed.

Should the decision of the 'Board of Examiners
rev'erse that of thee.xaminer, the a])plication will l)e
allowed and the patent issued on ])ayment of the
necessary fee. Should, however, the decision of
the examiner be affirmed, the inventor may, if he
still thinks his invention patentable, appeal to the
Commissioner of Patents in person, but for tliis
step he must pay another g-overnment fee. Should
the Commissioner in Chief reject the application
the inventcjr may appeal to the Supreme Court (jf
the District of Columbia under special rules g'overn-
ing- the jurisdiction and ])ractice of that court.

When an ajjplication is rejected by the printary
examiner the applicant is so notified, reasons for
the rejection being fully and i)recisely stated, and
such information given as may be useful in hel])ing
the apjilicant to judge what course to pursue in fur-
ther pushing his application, or in changing his
papers ; and if after getting due notice of rejection,
he desires to push his claim further, he moves in the
channel above indicated and takes an appeal with or
without altering his papers.

When rejections occur which may be cured by
formal alterations in the papers, affidavits in con-
tradiction or in explanation may bo submitted to
the examiners by the applicant or other person
or persons interested in the invention. The ap])li-
cant, however, after receiving notice of the first
objection to his papers often does well to amend
them, which he may do as frequently as the exam-
ener or Board of Examiners presents new reasons f(jr
rejection. The applicant should clearlj' designate
all the patentable features which he believes his
case presents, in view of tlie state of the art dis-
closecl by the references used or the objections
made.

It is at this stage of tlie Itusiness that the e.xper-
ienced patent lawyer is able to help the inventor
out of his difficulty. In such a situation it often
happens that only the delicate touch of the solicitor,
secured by long experience, saves tlie value of a
patent.

As to amendments touching the merits of an ap-
j)lication or as to cases where conditi(.)ns arise in-
volving interferences, thus necessit.'iting a vast
amount of testimony and evidence, and ])roceedings
which resemble a law suit : or as to the c<.>m])lica-
tions which sometimes arise in the conduct of ap-
peals following rejections, tliere is neither s])ace
nor time for discussion, for these fields are vast
and abstruse.

The patent solicitor is sometimes asked to secure
an extension of a patent. After the patent has run
for its statutory time, seventeen years, the (jriginal
jKitentee, or any owner of the patent may feel that
for vari(jns legitimate reasons he sln.iuld fte en-
titled to an extension of the protection that the gov-
ernment gives him under his first patent.

Extensions, however, are not granted as fre-
quently as in the jiast, owing j)robably to the fact
that our ijeople now feel that a protection of seven-
teen years is a sufficient reward for the government
to allow the inventor for the blessing which his
genius confers upon the world.

It ma^’ be fairly said tliat the patent laws of the
United States are the best that were ever enacted,
and to the people of this country give liberty and
opportunity fi^r invention greater than were ever
enjoyed by any other ])eople. They are generous
and broad, and in being so ])ermit the genius of
Americans to excel and surpass in many respects
the achievements of the foreign world. Founded in
those relations of justice, which to the mind of every
man bring encouragement and give to him that
protection which his work and labor rightly claim,
they stimulate an advancement, the equal of which
is beheld in no other land.

Within the walls of our own famous Patent Office
e.xist the successes which have made fortunes for
some and spread hajipiness in homes in this and in
distant lands : but frijiu this institution many have
turned away in sorr(jw and disappointment, under
which multitudes of unsuccessful inventors hav'e
been crushed to earth. Like an old battle field the
Patent Office means triumjih and glory to the victor,
but for the vanquished it suggests nothing but
mortitication and sorrow.

The marked acheivements of mankind born of
their intelligence and genius are deposited in the
archives of this institution in probably larger quan-
tities than in 11113' other edifice of the world. The ap-
plied science of the world in all that it implies could
not have developed to that high state witnessed bv
the present civilization unless the inventor and the
I’atent Office had worked hand in hand.

The Patent Office has been a generous and help-
ful friend to thousands, for it has assisted inventors
from ever3- part of the world on the road to success,
guiding them through the vestibule of effort into

the guilded halls of fame and fortune.

In creating the Circuit Court of the United States,
this government further strengthened the laws
which aid and assist the inventor, for that court in
its jurisdiction acts as guardian and bestows, when
the occasion requires, a rigid interference on be-
half of the inventor. As a human legislator it sanc-
tions the jiatent right and condemns infringements,
and as a penalty’ it chokes off the aggravated and
outrag-eous crimes injuring the propert3' in tlie in-
ventor's patent. If the inventor's product is to
serve and support him, it must be guarded with
jealous care and not be stolen bi' agencies that seek
to def3' the law. To this end the Circuit Court di-
rects its efforts when appealed to on behalf of the
inventor. It is at the door of this court that the
patentee must apply when he seeks a remedy'
against an infringement of his patent.

From the Circuit Court of the United States an
appeal may be had to the recently established United
States Circuit Court of Appeals . From this court
the inventor ma3' still further ajipeal to the Suiireme
Court of the United States which sits in the citv of

Washington. After the inventor has passed through
the channels of relief which these three courts in
their jiower of e<put3’ and law afford him, he nun'
feel assured that he has been fairly dealt with con-
cerning any difficulty arising from infringement
and thus injuring the propert3' under his patent.

This Association was organized to protect the
rights of inventors. Ma3' it alwa3's be its desire
and purpejse to do so. By' using carefully' the means
that onr correct laws afford, the inventor should be
in a position to guard the privileges which this gov-
ernment has wisely decreed him. Our laws are
now foremost for their equity' and moral correctness
and fairness, and as expounded liy' the yarious
courts of this land, they provoke the exultant excla-
mation that a just and wise law is a blessing as ex-
tensive as the dome of Heaven, and bes])eaks the
highest wisdom of an intelligent people.

A high tower is to be constructed at Fredericks-
burg, a suberb of Copenhagen, by' Colonel Sonie-
feldt. It will be 600 feet high. The Danish Minister
of War has reserved the right to use the top as a
military observatory.

Modern Office Buildings.

A few years ago only a massive ])ile of >tone and
brick heavy walls interior and e.xterior - was con-
sidered a ffre-proof, model oflice building. Six and
eight stories was the maximum height and. as com-
pared with the cost of (jffice building's as now con-
structed, re(piired a fabulous expenditure. What ,a
revolution in eng-ineering- and architecture as a])])lied
to building- operations, has taken place during the
last few years. M'ith her characterstic energ-y and
boldness Chicag-o tenjk the lead in building- these
modern “ sky'-scrapers,'' but in all the larg-er cities
the tall, steel-frame, office building- now finds
favor. By the use of modern tire-procjf structural
material office building's are now run up. ten, twelve,
seventeen, and even twenty stcjries or more, and
through modern rapid and safe elevator service,
the ui)per stories freciuenty- bring- higher rents than
the lower stories. These Imilding-s are absolutely

fire-])roof. no wo(jd,
other than the doors and
casing'-s, being used in
their construction.

The view given here-
with is from a photo-
gr;i])h of the steel frame
of the new Carnegie
structure in PittsVmrg,
now nearing- conqjle-
tion, and illustrates the
manner of building-. It
will be noticed that all
the steel structnriil work
was completed before a
brick or stone was laid.
A feature of this modern
engineering triumph is
the fact that each story-
in some of these build-
ing's is 'self-supporting-.
That is, the steel frame
(jf each story- sustains
the weight f)f the out-
side wall. Thus it is
pcjssible — and is fre-
quently the rule as those
who were in Chicago
last summer will have
observed — to prosecute
the lay ing of the outer
walls from several sta-
tions, simultaneously.
While the first three or
four stories are being
faced with stone, it is
possible for the brick
lay-ers to work upon the
up])er stories at the
same time. Iron Trade
Review for Jannary-
contained a leng-thy- de-
scri])tion of the Carne-
g^ie building'.

Chicag'-o, because of
its high buildings, has
been called the city- (if
sky-scrapers, but. act-
ing on the advice of
pnqierty owners who
were opposed to the cen-
tralization of bnsiiiess,
the city- council of that
city placed a restriction
on the heig'ht of build-
ings, and now none
above twelve stories are
being built. New York
has not y-et enacted re-
strictive ordinances in this respect and a larg-e num-
ber of these cloud-piercing- edifices are now being
constructed. Those under contract for this season
include one ten stories, one sixteen, two twenty,
and one twenty'-four stories in height.

Mr. J. McCi.iok in American Charities Review,
gives the result of his e.xtensive investigation of the
tramp question. He has found that fifty-seven per
cent of our American tramps have trades or profes-
sions : forty-one per cent are unskilled laborers.
Ninty-eight trades were reiiresented by- the l,s49
individuals — and nearly half of the jiersims belong--
ing- to these were attached to employments which
reiiuire constant h.iconnjtion. What makes ])eople
traiiqis? The (piestion designed to throw ligcht on
this was, ‘•Why- did y-on take to the road?” And,
of course, most (if them attributed it to their being
“out of work" — eighty-two and eight-tenths per
cent in fact. A few were " tired of work," or
“wanted to take life easy-;” still more wanted to
see the country; " more still charged it to “drink,”
a few to “ roving disposition,” and a very' few to
“won't work,"’

CARNEi;iK IJUlEDINlt AT PITTSULTKE.

ti8

THE TXV]

A^OE.

NEW MECHANICAL nOVEnENT,

Solution of the Third Conversion of the Linear
Reciprocating notion Into Rotary notion.

The mechanical movement, described in patent
481.409 (1892), is the solution of tlie third conversion
of linear reciprocating motion into rotary motion.
Tliis invention, made by Peter Felix Meny, of Eliza-
beth. N. J.. is one of the most novel conceptions in
tlie line of mechanical movements. It is the diamet-
rical conversion known in the scientific world as
“Onadratnre of the Circle,” and is the appliance
of Pythagoras’ teaching on the proprietv of the
sfptares formed on the sides of a rectangle applied
to mechanical movements, the pressure being" set
on the hyi)otenuse which leads the crank rei)re-
senting the shf)rt side : while in actual movements
the ])ressure is ap])lied directly or by means of a
connecting rod to the crank. The^’ are either radial
or tangential.

The inventor, born in 1839. is a native of Thann.
Alsatia. where he learned the trade of mechanical

pin and roller I, of the crank Ii (Fig. 2). On the
main shaft J in the rear of the crank is fixed a cam
moving" a lever fixed on rod O. Another lever P on
said rod (Fig. 3) imparts the timing of the cam to
the plate O, whose grooves N regulate the pins E,
fixed in keys K.

At the start both levers HHi engage the crank,
but the key K being" off its wing 1). the lever F is at
the memendum free from the pressure. Its wing
will give and allow the crank pin to lead the lever
H upwards, leave its slot III and enter the open
sjiace The pressure will set its power on the

lever Fi whose wings are closed. The crank stands
under the lead of the lever Hi . While going fur-
ther the pins L slide in their inclined groove N,
compelling the key K to close its wing I), while
K1 slides oft D1 allowing the crank at the end of its
travel the same freedom it had at the start and it
will bring the lever H in proper position to lead up-
wards. The time cam on the main shaft will move
the ]>late f). reversing the angles of its grooves,
closing the key Kl and 0]")ening" . regulating their
wings for the upward stroke. All these movements
are short and positive without interfering" with the
])ower or the speed, as they regulate only the neg-
ative side of the movement.

The machine is comjjact and occupies but little

drafting" in the concern of Mine. Vre. Andre. Imild-
ersof eng"ines and water motors. Having completed
his five vears’ ajiprenticeship, he was eng^ag"ed in
the firm of M. M. N. Shlumberg"er A Co., a leading
linn for the construction of machines for spinning"
textiles. There he had charg"e of the desig'"ning and
suiiervison of the building" of the Platt and I’arr
Curtis self-acting s])inning" fr.'imes for the different
purposes for which they were to be used. He emigra-
ted and came to New York in 1867. and since 1878
has been emjiloyed by the Sing"er Sewing" Machine
(Manufacturing" Co., where. under the management of
iSI. H. Reiss, superintendent of the milling depart-
ment, he drafted manv automatic labor-saving ma-
chines for the production of different jiarts used in
sewing machines. Knowing the want for a perfect
rotary conversion to reach hig"h and uniform speed,
combined with power to be used for manv purposes,
he was convinced that it could only be obtained by
making" the same on the principle of the (Juadrature.
Having the knowledge and experience of verirs of
work and studv in the line of complex mechanism,
he undertook the task of overcoming the difficulties
of the problem, and after three years of trial and
experimenting" — 1889 to 1892 — he made the move-
ment and invented the mechanism technically de-
scribed herewith. The dift'erent cuts are copies
of the model and Patent Office drawings. Fig'". 1
represents the cross head. Fig. 2 the driving" of
the crank, and Fig". 3 the regulator of the movement.

As in actual machines, this conversion is actioned
from the pressure of a cj"linder whose piston rod
leads a cross head C, provided with two pairs of
wings D and their keys K. slide in guides B (Fig- 1).
The pressure is applied alternately to the levers F,
whose pins and rollers E. lay between the wing"s D.
Said levers F are fixed on their respective shafts G,
bearing the levers H, whose end slots engage the

sp.'Lce. The ])arts. made of best steel, will be light.
Taking their proporti<ms intci consideration, their
function is jiositive. tlie swing'" for the wings and
regulator being" only 15°. The hypotenuse and
drivers are oscillating : their rollers are subjected
to circular friction, and are released from the pres-
sure after each stroke, when they relieve one an-
other. This conversion is nicer and easier than an_v
in existence. But these advantages are of no value
to certain of our eng"ine builders,
who cannot admit anything" to be
su])erior to links and connecting
rods, which shall remain the inter-
mediate for converting power.

The folhjwing diagram demon-
strates and explains tlie advantag"es
of this new conversion and gives its
technical value compared to actual
movements. As it has never before
been clearly explained to thepublic,
many will be attracted by its novel
features. It is specially devised and
presented to those wl’io believe in
scientific ])r()g"ress. and are compe-
tent to understand a genuine me-
chanical device and technical studv.

The lever or hypotenuse F. (Fig".

1 and 4), being set in motion by
the cross head C, transforms the
linear travel of the stroke into oscil-
lating" motion of 90°. Another lever
H transfers the same to a crank C,
which makes one-half revolution
with developed speed or a faster
speed, as +he stroke possesses, and
their travel will be performed
in a time ecjual to I. While
in actual conversions the stroke is timed by
the length of the half circle described bj' the radius
of the crank, which is 1.57 times longer than its
diameter^ or the stroke, consequentU' the pressure
imparts its full power, even speed, which is 1.57
times faster than now even by using three connect-
ing rods to all the angles of the crank.

sure per square inch on the area of the piston, the
value for one stroke is equal to 12x100=1200 inch lb.
The mean pressure on the crank is 64 lbs. These
values in the new system will become

speed

12x100x1.57=1884

and that speed which is the product of less time
makes the value of pressure on the crank radius
ecpial to the 100 lbs. of the stroke of radial conver-
sions, taking a time equal to 1.57 long"er. And
while now one stroke, equal to 1200 is made, there will
be performed 1.57 strokes ecjual to 1884x1.57=2.957.
x\.s the hpyotenuse F and the lever H retain their
entire value on the in and outlets, the cut-off will be
set at a cpiarter stroke instead of one-half, so the
same amount of pressure or feed used now for one
strc'ke will perform two strokes. There will be a
net gain of power of at least 120 per cent.

xVt the in and outlets the length of the hyjiotenuse
F for a 12" stroke is 8.484. Being inclined at an
ang"le of 45° its value as sinus is 6" receives 100 lbs.
pressure, which for the length of 8.484 will be 70.7
lb. Tlie length of feed and time taken b_v the stroke
to forward the crank a distance A is B which is
eipial to half of the time and feed used by radial
conversions to travel said distance xV. Tlie lever H
makes the double speed of the stroke on the radius
of the crank and its value is

Pressure. K circle. Speed.

8.484x70.7x1.57x2 = 1884

The theroetical length of the 6" crank at 45°=4.242
or one-half the length of its lever H. which repre-
sents its diameter and its value equals
Pressure, b circle. Speed.

4.242x70.7x3.14x2 = 1884

The crank fcir 6" length has 50 lb. pressure corres-
ponding to the half amount of feed of the stroke
taking" one-half time for the travel of the crank
which makes double speed compared to the time and
s]ieed of the actual movements.

xVt the middle of the stroke the lever H, beingr the
diameter of the crank, has 12" leng^th; its pressure is
^84x1(W=7()_7 the same being" uniform for all
12 ^

the ang"les of the cratik. The time and length of
feed for the stroke to lead the crank a space xV' is
equal to B', or the 0.707 part of that necessary to
actual movements for travelling the same space.
The crank and its diameter makes 1.414 more speed
than the stroke, so the crank attaining'" its full
length, has more power and less speed at the middle
stroke. Being technically slujrter at the ends, it
has less power and more speed. Its value in the
middle is equal to

Pressure, b circle. ISjieed.

6x70.7x3.14x1.414 = 1884

It is to be considered : First, That the terms half
time refers to less time, as one second is the one-
half of two seconds ; also half feed means the leng"th
of feed g'"iven by the travel of the stroke compared
to the . corresponding travel of the crank which is
faster. “"In reality it is always the time and the en-
tire feed of the cylinders which produces the half
revoluti(.)n. The feed is more evenly divided in rela-
ti(jn t(.) the spaces traveled by the crank and stands
in correct relation to the time for the entire half
circle. If the crank is theoretically shorter at the
inlet, the jjressure acting'" it lias the full jiower at
the end of the hypotenuse, while in actual move-

For an engine of 12'^

stroke and 100 'pounds ‘pres-

ments with connecting rods, the pressure acting
directlj' to the center, and the crank having no lever,
the movement is powerless and is kept running'" only
by the accelerated speed of the fiy wheels. Second:
The crank has always ten per cent more power, be-
ing the 0.707 of the pressure of the stroke, while in
the machines with connecting rods it is only the 0.64.
Third : Any resi.stance that is not overcome from a

THR IX\

R AOR

TIQ

power applied to a lever will g'ive way when said
power is attached to a long-er lever. The hyixite-
nuse leadin"' the crank is the lons^ lever driving- a
shorter one. The latter transforms the power of
the stroke into speed, which speed is a prime, being
not produced as by gears or pullevs, but made in the
movement itself bj' the stroke, whose linear S])eed
is uniform. Not being delayed, it leaves the power
its full energy which is fifty per cent more effective
than in the actual conversions, and the half revo-
lution of the crank will be performed in the 0,64
of the time the best engine needs now.

The consequences of the abov^e are : The diametri-
cal conversion being a power motion producing a
rotary movement, where the entire value of the
pressure (taking the developed speed and shortness
of time into consideration), remains on the circle
described bv the radius of the crank. Therefore, it
is a generator of jxiwer. This circular length being
1.57 times longer than the linear length of the feed,
by adapting air pumps actioned from the crank
shaft they will re]>roduce the unity of linear pres-
sure by siqiplying the clyinder with compressed air
taking the value of 1260 necessary to supply two
strokes with one-fourth cut-off (as seen in diagram)
leaving the value of 2460 for whatever use the ma-
chine is intended to perform.

This movement is the living, self supporting- con-
version predicted by science. It is not a perpetual
motion producing- power by itself without feed. It
has a constatit feed and a uniform develojied speed.
The pressure and speed are liable to be reg-ulated as
in actual machines. It can be stopped and started,
also reversed at any point atid at anv time without
any consideration for the position the crank has
taken on the circle. When the supply of pressure
is cut off, the crank
will loose the accelera-
tion of developed s])eed
and will take its own
circular time to revolve
further. Having lost
the feed and the advan-
tages derived from it,
the movement will stop
at shorter notice that! it
does now.

The connecting rods
pushing and ijulling
around and toward the
center of the movement,
theiruse is not practical
for high speed and pres-
sure and too often they
fail. The cylinders ex-
plode and the parts are
broken — sometliing that
happens even to locomo-
tives with compound
cvlinders. Such acci-
dents cannot happen in
this conversion. Any
amount of pi.>wer and
speed, the two being a
unit in this movement,
can be obtained. Ships
using even less pressure
will "be able to travel
with safety at a speed
they will never attain
wit'll the present
system. iMany wants,
impossible to be
supplied now. will be
filled. The air ship will be made practical by using
the (fuadrature movement, and it will furnish power
and electricity, g-iving heat and light by the means
of the same air which upholds the life of all living
existence. Petkk h Ki.ix IMenv.

Cremation Forbidden by Catholic Priests.

According- to the Catholic Citizen. Catholic priests
refuse to conduct funeral mass for one whose bodj'
is to be cremated. The case in c[uestion was that of a
woman whose husband had suddenly died in a for-
eign land, and who had obtained the promise from
his wife that in case of death his body should be
cremated and his ashes taken back to his native
land. She desired the blessing- of the corpse before
the incineration. Before giving her a definite an-
swer, the (Ordinary was consulted as to what was
the proper course to pursue itnder the circumstances.
The answer from the Chancery came that the Cath-
olic burial service could not be held if the condition
of having the body cremated afterward were insisted
on : the authority given was a decree of the Sacred
Congregation, which prohibits Catholics from
adopting- this mode of disposing of the dead body.

Names of All Patent Attorneys.

Tliere has recentpv been compiled by Virg-inia W. Middleton,
the well known stenographer, a list of all attorneys practicing
before the United States Patent Office. This little volume is of
incalculable value to inventors, attorneys and manufacturers.
The clothibinding costs SI. SO and paper cover fl. Send to The
IxvENTiVE Age, Washington. D, C. Edition limited.

Modern Triumph in Steamboat Building.

The excellence of modern skill in the building of
steamboats in the United States is exemplified to a
hig-h degree in the new steel steamer " Priscilla,”
built for the Fall River Line passenger service
between'New York and Boston (Old Colony Steam-
boat Companv). The " Priscilla " is the larg-est,
finest and most luxurously furnished steamboat ever
built. She is a floating palace, desig-ned and built
under the personal supervision of Mr. (leorg-e Peirce,
Supervisor of the Old Colony Company, and is an
important acquisition to this company's fleet of
world-renouned palatial steamboats.

The dimensions of the vessel are as follows:
Length of load water line, 423 feet, 6 inches; length
over all, 440 feet. 6 inches: beam, 52 feet, 6 inches:
beam over g»-uards, 93 feet; depth molded at lowest
point of sheer. 20 feet, 6 inches: mean draught load-
ed. 13 feet; dis])lacenient, loaded, 5,030 tons; maxi-
mum horse-power, 8,500.

The contract for the steamer complete was g'-iven
to the IV. & A. Fletcher Co., Hoboken. X. J., the
builders of the machinery ajid boilers, and they sub-
let the various contracts for the hull, joiner work,
painting- and decorating*-, plumbing, etc.

The hull was built by the Delaware River Iron
Ship Building*- and Eng-ine IVorks, Chester, Pa., of
steel, on the double hull, longitudijial cellular sys-
tem, with a leng-th of double bottom of 340 feet,
having in all 52 water-tight compartments: besides
which the hull is divided above the inner bottom and

at ends of vessel, by means of bulkheads extending-
to main deck and by Hats, into nine additional water-
tight spaces, making in all 61 water-tight compart-
ments. The construction of hull shows a most
judicious use of material, great strength being- ob-
tained.

The main engine is of the double inclined com-
pound surface-condensing type, of 8,500 ma.ximum
horse-power. There are two high-pressure cvlinders,
each 51 inches diameter, side by side, forward of
main shaft, and two low-pressure cylinders, each 95
inches diameter, side by side, aft of main shaft, all
having- a stroke of 11 feet.

The paddle wheels are of the feathering type, 35
feet in diameter outside of buckets. There are 13
curved steel buckets in each wheel, each bucket
being- 5 feet deep by 14 feet wide.

The main boilers, 10 in number, are of the single-
ended Scotch type, and were built for a maximum
steam pressure of 150 pounds. This is far in excess
of what will be required for the usual business of the
steamer, but is advantageous in permitting*- a larg-e
rang-e of pressure. Each boiler is 14 feet mean di-
ameter by 14 feet 6 inches in length and contains 3
corrug-ated furnaces each 45>4 inches diameter, and
184 Serves' patent ribbed tubes 3>< inches diameter.
The boilers are fitted both for natural and forced
draft under grates.

There are five decks, main, saloon, gallery, break
and dome, on which are located 361 staterooms (in-
cluding- 14 parlor roomsifor passengers and 35 officers'
rooms, making- a total of 396 staterooms. In the
cabins for the men and women are 219 berths. For

the second class passeng-ers 89 berths are i)rovided
and 155 berth.'., f(jr the crew.

The style of decoration throug-hout the g-re;iter part
of the steamer is that of pure Itali.'in Renaissance.

The (juarter deck is very spacious, with .-i floor
laid in marble mosaics. From the quarter-deck, the
grand staircase leads to the main salocm. It is made
of solid mahog'-any, with the string-s of railing- of
wroug-ht iron. Here, also, are the ticket office, bar-
ber shop, coat room and entrance t<j the dining-
room lobby. The walls of the quarted deck are
finished with mahog-any and ornaments and panels
of pajter mache, rejiresenting- by g-roups of figures
in low relief, commerce, arts and sciences, music and
the dance. The principal features of the main sa-
loon are its size, its richly decorated ceiling- and for-
ward bulkhead in relief of ])aper mache, the system
of lighting- from the dome, the beautiful electric
features, the larg-e and spacious staircase of m;i-
hog'-any leading- to the g-aller}-, with its string'-.s of
railing- of handsomely wrought iron.

The dining- roonr lobb^- is finished in mahog-any
and paper mache panels and is decorated in cream,
white and g-old. Dn the port side of the lobby a large
staircase leads to the main s.aloon above. On the star-
board side of the lobby a starcase leads to the men'.s
saloon in the hold. From the lobby you enterthe dining-
room, which is one of the greatest features of the
steamer, and its size, g*-randeur and rich effect are at
once evident. The style of decoration is purely ■' In-
dian." mahog*-any finished, and in all details the de-
signs have been faithfulh' executed. On each side of
the room are six large windows: between the windows
are beautiful mahogany side-boards, with larg-e,
g-lass mirrors. In the lower part of the side-boards,
fire-places have been built, and they contain the

radiators concealed by
brass shields, forming- a
clever arrang*-ement of
heating- the room. At
the forward end of din-
ing room are the cash-
iers' desk silver locker,
coffee urns, and stair-
case to kitchen, and'pan-
try below the deck. Both
forward and after bulk-
heads have larg-e mir-
rors. producing in effect
a much larg-er room and
a succession of mir-
rors and columns and a
display o f t.)riental
mag-nificience.

The vessel is fitted
with 1.9O0 incandescent
lamps of 16 candle pow-
er.each supplied bythree
multipolar, direct cou-
pled, compound-wound
dynamos, driven bv
horizontal "Ideal" en-
gines. having- cylinders
11 inches diameter bv 12
inches stroke. The ca-
pacity of each dynamo
is 4hh amperes and 125
volts. Special care has
been taken in the wiring
of the vessel, and none
but extra heavy wires
with the very best fire
and water-proof insula-
tion have been used,
with a cold storage plant
supplied by a 2-ton Allen Dense Air Machine.

A trial trip of the "Priscilla" was made last
month, which demonstrated the ])erfect working- of
all the machinery to the satisfaction of the builders
and the pleasure of 1,000 or more representatives
and friends of the various firms engag*-ed in the
building.

The " Priscilla" will be taken at once to Newport
to receive her outfit of furniture, carpets, hanging-s,
bedding, linen, etc., etc., which have been contracted
for direct by the Steamboat Company.

The illustration presented herewith was made
from drawing-s especially for The Inventive Age,
through the kindness of Mr. O. H. Taylor. Asst. Gen.
Pass. Agt., of the Fall River Line, New York.

The Dwight Machine Company of Connecticut are
the makers of two machines capable of counting and
binding in packs 500.000 postal cards in ten hours.
The postal cards are printed and cut by another ma-
chine. but this one counts them and’ makes them
into packs of 52 each The most ingenious parts of
the machine are the fingers and thuinbs, so to speak,
used in wrapping the narrow strip of paper around
each ])ack. The paper is pulled off' the reel by two
long, slender fingers that come up from underneath:
another finger dips itself into the box of mucilage
and daubs the end of another finger, which in turn
applies the niucilage to the narrow strip of paper at
just the right spot. The strip is wrapped 'about
the pack of cards, a thumb conies up and presses the
mucilage part down hard and the thing is down.

THE NEW LONG ISL.VXD SOUND STEEL STE.-t.MEK, “ PR ISCILL.\."

The steamer is fitted

120

THE INVENTIVE AQE.

The King Closed Conduit Electric Trolley.

One of the latest inventions in the line of under-
ground electric trolley sj’steins is that of Mr. F. L.
King, of AVashington. To test this system a short
section of the conduit has been constructed on the
tracks of the Georgetown & Tennallytown road,
where several exhibitions of the system have been
conducted, satisfactorily' to the inventor and parties
interested. One of the ordinary' overhead trolly' cars
was used ; the only' attachment necessary' being two
small pulley's suspended two or three inches above
the street level, which perform the office of maintain-
ing the cover of the conduit in open position directly
underneath the car, and the underground trolley',
which can be readily' raised or lowered at any' time.
These attachments can be quickly' put on any' elec-
tric car now in use at a small expense.

The device can be briellv described as a conduct-
ing wire laid on a solid and continuous bed of in-

the inner or under part of the cover, and when the
cover is down, the wire is therefore perfectly' in-
closed in insulating material.

AVhen the cover is raised, as shown in Fig. 2, the
wire and the small conduit in which it is embedded
are laid bare and made perfectly' accessible to the
trolley' wheel, depending from and underneath the
car. The only' mechanism required to maintain the
cover in open position underneath the car is a small
pulley', with a beveled or rounded rim to fit the in-
side of the cover when raised, as shown in Figs.
2 and 3.

There are two of tliese pulleys or rollers on each
motor car, so that the cover, for the distance be-
tween them is alway's opened full width, and it is
in this space that the trolley is suspended and makes
a contact with the live wire in the same manner as
witli the overhead trolley' as shown in Fig. 3. These
opening pulley's being three inches above the street
surface, do not interfere at all with the car being
run on an overliead line. All that is necessary' to
operate an underground section, being to open the
end of the cover so that the pulley's on the car pass
inside of it, when, the cover being continuous, it is

.sulating material, near the top of a shallow trencli
and covered over with a flexible and waterproof
cover, so adapted as to perfectly' maintain street
traffic across or ahjng it. The cover being main-
tained in open position underneath the motor. The
ci.instruction is very' simple. Fig. 1 represents a
cross section of the conduit which is placed midway
between the rails of the track, and rests upon the
stringers of the ordinary' roadbed, the depth of the
conduit being the same as the ordinary' girder rail
seven inches. Two channels, a. one on either side,
constitute the sides of tlie conduit, being held in po-
sition by the strong angle braces which are se-
curely' spiked to the cross tie. Tliese side channels,
as well as the two small channels in the center, rest
upon a heavy' tie plate, r, which is riveted to the
small channels, (/, which support the cover and the
insulating material holding the wire. These centre
channels are perforated at frequent intervals,
through their center, so that the space between the
perforations is utilized for drainage as well as the
space on either side — the conduit being' connected
with sewers at suitable intervals.

The center channels are joined rig-iclly' at the top
by a plate, e, to which they' are riveted, the same
rivets holding' in place the drop forg'ing', which
constitutes the bearings on which the cover is
hing'ed, as shown by' the journal, _g. Tlie insulating
material, A. which in the present construction is
asphalt, but which is proposed to be dry' hardwood
thoroughly' soaked in asphalt or creosoted, is laid in
a shallow rolled iron troug'h, /, fastened to the plate
underneath. The conducting' wire is laid on top and
partially' embedded in the insulation.

The cover which rests on this insulating material,
projecting' over each side, and thoroughly protecting'
it, is composed of two different materials. The top
piece is a malleable casting, /c, hinged, and turning
on the journal, its other edge being' supported by
a lap joint against the flange of the channel, a.
These casting's are flush witli the street level, and
are laid one after another the leng'th of the conduit.
They' practically' close the top of the conduit, only
the sixteenth of an inch space beings left on the
hinged side. Underneath these and attached to each
casting in a very simple manner is a continuous
strip of cotton belting, /, that is strong, flexible
waterproof, and a perfect insulator. It constitutes

tained, as there is ample room and convenience by'
this sy'stem for a return wire independent of the
rails ; in addition to this is the great advantage,
that auxiliary or feed wires can be laid in the in-
sulating' material in the inner conduit without any
additional expense for insulation, and at the mini-
mum expense for labor in lay'ing,”

It is claimed for this sy'stem that the wire is abso-
lutely' kept dry' and clean in all weather or condi-
tions ; there is really' no electrical problem with this

constantly maintained in open position, underneath
the car, until it has completed a circuit of the line or
section. Tlie only' friction or resistance in opening'
the cover, is that of a belt running' over the side of
a pulley', as, it must be observed that the action of
the belt is such that with the cover wide open at any'
point, it commences to raise the cover slig'htly live
or six feet on either side of that point, the pressure
on the pulley' being a side pressure or at right ang^les
to the movement of the car.

The special points of superiority claimed for this
device over others of a similar nature are : “ First,
that the arrang'ement of the conductor is such as to
insure perfect insulation, and perfect contact. The
wire is partially' embedded in insulating'' material
and is perfectly' covered over and protected from
dirt and water. Snow, rain or sleet cannot affect it,
as the cover is alway's opened and closed underneath
the car.”

” .Second; Its cost is very' much less than any
other underg'round sy'stem which has been proposed

In this sy'stem the car can be run forward and
backward with the utmost freedom, .the trolley' wheel
requiring no chang'e or attention as on overhead
trolley's.

Those who have witnessed the experiments with
this system have been impressed with its simplicity,
perfect working and easy' action, and the inventor
believes he has solved the problem of rapid transit
street railways for large cities.

- jL

Fit'. 2.

so far, being not more than a third of the cost of
the cheapest underground sy'stem in operation at
present. The King system is estimated to cost $10,-
000 to $12,000 per mile of single track and can be put
down on existing horse or electric lines without in-
terferring' with traffic.”

‘‘Third: The conducting wire is perfectly' accessi-
ble, more so, in fact, than an overhead line, and
therefore, under better control than any other un-
derground system. The effective working of the
system is thereby insured at all times. The work-
ing parts of the device are so simple and accessible
that they can be replaced or renewed at any time
without any trouble or delay.”

‘‘Fourth: A perfect metallic circuit can be ob-

Economy of High Pressure Steam.

While this question is of vast importance to steam
users, it is a fact that it is, to a great extent, over-
looked among the smaller steam plants and more
especially' among the smaller ginners in the South-
ern country. This, however, is generally' done
through ig'iiorance, as the ordinary ginner cannot
afford to employ a first class engineer, hence he
generally' pays the difference in fuel and other extra
expenditures. I have frequently met with engniieers
who claim that it requires more fuel to carry a given
(high) pressure, say 120 pounds, than it does a g'iven
pressure not so great. To this arg'ument I would
submit the following scale for water at different
temperatures ; here are four notable temperatures
for pure water, viz :

1. Boiling point at sea level 212° F.

2. Point of maximum density' 39.1° F.

3. British standard for specific g'ravity 62° F.

4. Freezing point at sea level 32° F.

Ice is liquified and becomes water at sea level at
32° F. Above this point water increases in temper-
ature up to the steaming point, nearly at the rate of
of 1° for each unit of heat added per pound of water.
The steaifung point, 212° F. at atmospheric i^ressure,
rises as the superimposed pressure increases, but
at a decreasing ratio ; as, for example, at atmos-
pheric pressure it takes it takes 3^2° to add a pound,
while at 150 pounds >^° g'ives the same increase of

pressure. Hence y'ou will

readily' see from the above

facts the higher the pres-
sure the greater the oppor-
tunity for economy in
g'enerating power. Aside
from this fact, steam at a
low pressure is very wet
and has little expansive
force — a point indispensa-
ble with hig'!! speed engines
— and carries a great deal
of water from the boiler to
the engine. This water is
not only a detriment to the
running of the engine — cutting the valves, ring's and
walls of the cylinder with grit — but must be replaced
with water invariably' at a much lower temperature,
necessitating' more fuel to heat this additional water.
Hence the pressure of steam should only be limited
within the bounds of safety as touching the strength
of boiler and desig'n and condition of engine.

Sib-vs J. WibbiAMS, S. & M. E.

Floyd, Texas, May 14, 1894.

Names of Patent Solicitors.

Names and addresses of attorneys practicing- before the
United States Patent Office, carefully compiled b3' Virginia W.
Middleton, for sale by the Inyen-tivk Age; cloth $1.50; paper SI
Edition limited.

THE

CTIVE ^OE

I -21

SCIENCE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.

Conducted by E. P. Lewis.

Ordinary' table salt is a chemical compound of
chlorine gas and the metal sodium. Sodium, and
potassium, another metal very much like it, are very
abundant in combination with other substances,
but are rare and expensive in the metallic state,
When pure thev are whitish metals somewhat like
silver, very light and very soft. One of their most
interesting properties is their conduct toward water,
which makes it necessary to keep them in petroleum
or some other liquid for which they have no attrac-
tion, to protect them from the moisture in the atmos-
phere. If you throw a piece of one of them in water
it will hiss and splutter around violently, and ap-
pear to be on fire. The reason is that they have a
strong tendency to decomijose water, which, as you
know, is a combination of oxygen and hydrogen
gases. These metals unite with the oxygen and
part of the hydrogen to form what we call caustic
potash or soda, and part of the hydrogen is set free.
The free hydrogen is set on fire by the heat pro-
duced by the chemical action. It looks rather queer
to see water set anything on fire, as it appears to
do in this case, A laboratory boy in one of our uui-
versities one day saw a piece of sodium which had
been carelessly left on the lecture table. On taking
it up in his wet hands it blazed up and burnt him.
He naturally threw it in a vessel of water to put out
the fire. When it struck the water a little explosion
followed, and several bits of sodium flew in his face
and burnt him severely. There never was a more
surprised boy, and it will be a long time before he
forgets that water will not always put out a fire.

-» * *

Even more absurd than the idea of water setting-
anything on fire seeni.s the idea of freezing water
in a red-hot vessel, but it has been done. If you
pour some water on a very hot piece of metal it will
break up into round drops, which will run in all
directions. When the metal becomes colder these
drops will suddenly explode into steam. The reason
is that a thin cushion of steam is formed under the
water, and protects it from the heat, since .steam is
a very bad conductor of heat. As the water does
not touch the metal, its surface tension makes it
take a spherical shape. As the metal cools down
the layer of steam disappears and all the water sud-
denly conies in contact with the metal and is at once
turned into steam. The water is now said to be in
the spheroidal state. You can prove that it does not
touch the hot metal by putting- a candle behind it
for 3’ou can see the lig-ht between the metal and the
drop. The temperature of the drop can be easiU'
measured with a small themopile, and will alwa3's
be found to be below the boiling point. Now you
can see how water can be frozen in a red-hot vessel.
When sulphur is burned it unites with oxygen and
forms the disagreeable gas used in fumig^atin,gr.
called sulphurous oxide. By cold and pressure this
gas can be reduced to a liquid, and' if some is poured
on a hot surface it will assume the spheroidal state,
with a temperature of about eleven deg-rees centi-
grade below the freezing point of water. If we
pour some of this liquid in a platinum crucible
heated red hot and add a small quantity of water,
the two liquids will be protected from the heat by
the ’cushion of vapor under them, and the intense
cold of the sulphurous oxide will freeze the water,
and by quickly throwing- it out a small piece of ice
may be obtained. If you wet your hand you can
safelv dip it in melted lead or iron for a very short
time for the steam will protect it.

Does the bottom point of a wag-on wheel move ?
You will probabH’ answer, "Yes, of course it does."
But it does not move — not so long as it remains the

bottom point. You can prove it in a very simple
way. Fasten a pencil on the edge of a wheel and
roll it along so that the pencil will trace a line on a
wall or upright board. You will g-et a curve (to
which the name C3'cloid has been given) like the
dotted line in the diagram, where P is the pencil.
Just before the pencil reaches the g-round at A — that
is, just before P becomes the bottom point — it is go-
ing downward. When it begins to move from A it
is going straight upward. P must stop going down

before it can begin to go up. and so must have been
still at the instant it t(juched the ground. This
seems reasonable enoug-h when 3'ou think about it.
If the bottom ])oint of a wlieel moved either back-
ward or forward it must sliji instead of rolling.

You can make a simple microscope of considerable
magnifying power b3' making- a larg-e pin hole in a
piece of tin toil or even a leaf and jiutting- a drop of

water on it.

C

The surface tensi(jn of the water holds
it stretched across the hole in
the shape of a convex lens.

' The diag-ram sliows how it
E, magnifies. If 3'our e3-e at C

looks at a small arrow A B,
the lines A C and B C will be
bent b3' refraction so that the3' appear to come from
the directions D C and E C, and the arrow is mag-
nified to the leng-th D E.

0 «-

Light enables us to see material objects, but light
itself is absolute^' invisible. When it falls directp"
on the 63-6 from the object producing- it, or when it
is reflected into our e3-es from other bodies, we see
these objects, but we cannot see the lig-ht while it is
passing- through space. We can onls' tell that a
ray of lig-ht is passing through a dark room b3’ the
reflection from the dust particles, and we could not
see it if there were no dust in the air. The sk3'
looks brig-ht and blue because of the light reflected
from the dust and water vapor in the air. If these
did not exist, the entire sky would be absoluteU-
black with the sun and stars blazing out like dis-
tant electric lights at night.

Books and Hagazines.

Cassier's IMag-azine for June opens with a pictur-
esque article by Albert Spies, entitled “ Ascending
Pike’s Peak bv Rail." The story of the mountain,
of the town of (Manitou. which nestles at its foot and
of the old and the new wa3' of reaching its summit
is told in an attractive manner, and engineering
data and g-raphic descriptions of mountain scener3'
are blended into a most interesting whole. A large
number of photog-raphic views add to the make-up.

The speeches, lectures and letters of Wendell
Phillips — a choice selection made b3' himself — were
published in 1863. This volume, however, contained
but few of the speeches made 113- this great orator
during the most exciting period of American his-
tor3' — the quartet of a centur3' of anti-slavery
crusade, culminating in civil strife. A second series
of speeches, lectures and letters has just been issued,
covering- a wide variety of subjects. Wendell
Phillips was the champion of reforms of every
nature, and his lectures and letters were character-
ized b3- their boldness and logic. New York : Lee &
Shepard, publishers : "Good Company Series," 50
cents.

■ir * -x-

Yol. 1 of Funk & Wagnalls' Standard Dictionar3'
of the Eng-lish Lang-uage. fully sustains the claims
of the publishers in their prospectus that " from be-
ginning- to end. the Standard Uictionar3- will be the
work of men thoroughly equipped in the schools of
science, literature, and art. and of experts in all
handicrafts and trades." The work is being- sold
onp- b3' subscription, and is printed in two forms —
sing-le-volume and double-volume. To enumerate
the distinguishing- features of this work would re-
quire a great deal of space. In the definition of
words the most common meaning is first given —
that is, iireference is g-iven to the " order of usage "
over the historical order as a])]5ears in other dic-
tionaries. Phonetical spelling of words, to a limited
extent, is adopted in this dictionar3- — that is. silent
letters when " foneticalp-" useless are dropped. An-
other useful feature is the treatment of S3-non3’ms
and anton3'ms.and a S3'stematic treatment of the com-
pounding of words. Althoug-h Yol. 2 is not 3'et com-
pleted tile publishers announce that the3' have al-
read3' expended over 5500,000 in the jireparation of
the work. Tliat the Stardard will be complete in
ever3' detail ts guaranteed b3' the high standing of
the specialists, and scientific and literary men en-
gaged in the preparation and revision of the matter.
In this dictionar3' onp' projier names or proper
terms derived from them have been ]irinted with
initial capital letters, thus enabling anyone to d.e-
termine at a glance whether a word is to be capital-
ized or not. In the S3'llabication of words and the
dividing- of words at the ends of lines printers will
rejoice that this work gives preference to divisions
exactp- the same as in pronunciation. To show to
what proportions the English languag-e has g-rown
it is observed that in Johnson the full number of
words and terms for the entire alphabet is 45.000 :
in Stormouth, 50,000 : Worcester, 105,000 ; Webster
International, 125.000 : Centur3', 225,000 ; Standard,
nearp- 300,000.

A.N ALTOMATIC CAR t ENDFR.

(CuJitiiiHvd froDi jirsl pa-j, 1.

tracks, the feelers are directly under the fjn-\s.iril
end. and tlie fender proper i.-, riding ju.-.t in front of
the first wheels, with its arms -.uflicientlv high I0
])ass over all irregularities of the road bed. Tiie
instant the feelers touch an otiject on the trai k.^ or
road bed. the fender arms drojitiv their own g-ravit^-
and ])ick it up and carr3- it along- witli the car.

Unless a person has been thrown beneath the car
or some object is upon the track or road bed which
should not be there, this fender will remain in its
set or locked pcjsition an indefinite period. But
just the instant the feelers are touched by some
unnatural object on the track, the fender is released
and comes automatically into operation, just as the
dogr on a gun moves forward when the spring- is re-
leased bv pressing on the trig-g-er, the princi])le of
this fender differing, however, from the gunlock in
that gravit3' carries the fender into ijosition. no
spring-.s or other unreliable force being- depended
upon. As soon as the object picked up has been
removed the fender is set again, and will remain in
this iiosition until released hy the feelers detecting-
something- on the track or road bed.

It will thus be seen that 113' the use of the Smith
Automatic Fender the motor man or gripman is re-
lieved of all fear of crushing people with the wheels
of the car. He knows that if he is unable to stop
the car when a person is thrown under it. that this
fender will automaticalp' come into proper position
b3' its own g-ravit3', and with its round smooth-
ended arms pick the bod3' up and carr3- it safep-
along- until he brings the car to a full stop. If a
child runs in front of his car. or a thoughtless per-
son suddenp- .steps before it and is knocked down,
the horror of having- mangled or killed the unfor-
tunate one will not be his, for when the car has
been stopped he will find the victim safe and sound
riding- on the arms of the fender.

A test was recentp- made as to the efficienc3- of
this fender, a motor car on the Washing-ton it
Georgetown cable line being fitted up with one of
these devices. Dummies representing human be-
ings in form and size from a child to a large man
were used and filled with material to give them the
conditions of the rig-idit3' and fle.xibilit3' of the human
bod3'. About twenty dift'erent tests were made with
the car running at full speed. At ever3-one of these
the fender worked with positive accurac3-, preserv-
ing the form of the dummies and demonstrating- its
perfect automatic action. One of the dummies that
had been used a number of times with this new
fender, and uninjured in an3' manner, was then
placed in front of one of the reg-ular motor cars,
which was equipped with another style of fender,
and the dumm3- was drawn beneath the car and
fender, torn open, and its contents scattered along
the road bed. showing that had it been a human be-
ing. limbs would have been broken and life prob-
abl3' crushed out.

This is one of the instances where necessit3- in-
spired inventive g-enius to suppp' the demand made
upon it. The fender is composed of the same ma-
terial from which street cars are constructed, has
the fewest working- parts and each one performs its
function quickp- and surep'. It is placed and oper-
ates automaticalp' just where a life-saving- device of
this character should be located — underneath the car
in front of the wheels and trucks.

It will, no doubt, attract attention and be very
generally adopted because of its simplicit3' and
economy of construction and absolute certaint3- of
being- efficient in saving- the lives and limbs of per-
sons who ma3' be thrown under the wheels of cars to
which it may be attached.

The Automatic Car Fender Company is to be con-
g-ratulated upon its selection of a fender which pos-
sesses the features of simplicit3'. economy, inter-
chang-eable parts, automatic operation and readv
adjustment to ever3' style of car.

Patent Rain=Skirt.

Among- tl’.e novel inventions of recent date is that
of Max Cohn, of (Milwaukee. 3Vis.. in the shape of
an underskirt designed to protect the outer skirts of
a woman’s apparel from being soiled by contact
with her shoes, or from water and mud " splashing- ’’
on the street, and as the inventor puts it. " to serve
as a shield against involuntary exposure of the
limbs when the outer skirts are raised." A lower
or separate portion of the skirt is provided, made of
water proof material, consisting'- of a series of over-
laiiping' flounces, so arranged as to be attached to
the outer skirt and adjacent to the feet. Onp- the
waterproof portion of the skirt will come in contact
with the feet of the wearer, while at the same time
the splashings and mud or dust will be kept from
soiling- the outer skirts.

Names of All Patent Attorneys.

There has recently been compiled by Viririiiia W. Middleton,
the well known stenographer, a list of all attorne.vs practicinjr
before the United States Patent Uffice. This little volume is of
incalculable value to inventors, atttnuieys and manufacturers.
The clothibinding’ costs SI. 50 and paper cover 61. Send to The
Inventive Age, ^VashLn^rton. D. C. Edition limited.

122

THE IXTEETIVE ^QE

PATENT DECISIONS.

. GI.IDDEN Z’S. XOBLE.

In this, an interference case in the Patent Office,
and reported in vol. 67, O. G. pag'e 676, Coniniis-
sioner Seymour decided that \Yhere the invention
of one of the parties to an interference was inopera-
tive, priority of invention could not be awarded to
him. This rule is an established principle of law
since an inventor has nothing' patentable until the
device is complete and operative, and this beingf the
case, he certainly could not be awarded priority on
an inoperative invention, which, because of its in-
operativeness, had no attribute of patentability.

C.I.IDDKX i’S. Bl'.SKLL.

This was another interference case in the Patent
Office and was reported in vol. 67. O. G. pag'e 675.
Here it was declared, bv Commissioner Sevmour.
that where one of the parties to an interference had
first made a machine ujion which the issue could
be read, but which was inoperative and was dis-
mantled and not assembled until and except for the
purpose of interference, and, furthermore, after
such dismantling' the party continued to experiment
in that line with other devices and finally was only
successful by substituting in his machine the de-
vice of another inventor, the lirst machine was an
experiment and not a reduction to practice. Glid-
den constructed in 1886 a machine fcu' trimming
heels of shoes wheii in the process of manufacture,
and one in which the rand knives were connected
with the hollow heel cutter shaft by a flexible coil
shaft, and with this machine trimmed and randed a
few heels. It was treated as an experimental ma-
chine. was dismantled, and was never again as-
sembled until it became necessary for the purposes
of the above quoted interference. He experimented
with other devices for driving- the rand cutter and
finally adopted a device known as the 'Winter In-
vention.” This device consisted of a small shaft
with universal joint, bY' which shaft the rand cut-
ter was driven, the joint being- provided to permit
movement of the shaft other than axial movement,
and to overcome the disadvantages which attended
the coil shaft and which made such shaft im-
practicable. These being- the facts it was held that
■the coil shaft was not such a connection for the
rand cutter and cutter head as comjiletes the inven-
tion. and that the 1886 machine was experimental
and does not afford the basis of a judg-ment of ])ri-
ority in favor of Glidden. as against the patent of
Busell. This decision is clearly a g-ood one, since
it would be directly against the established princi-
ples of law to practically declare a ])atent void by
reason of a pre-existing but inoperative machine.

KOIII.EK MAXl’EACTTKING CO. Z'S. BICSlfOKE.

This was a trade mark case which came before
the U. S. Circuit Court of A])]ieals. Third District,
on a])])eal from the Circuit Court of the U. S. for
the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, and one in
which the Kohler IManufacturing' Co., sued E. S.
Ileshore for the infring-ement of the trade mark,
consisting- of the words ” ( )ne Kight Coug'-h Cure.”
Several important points were decided in this case.
()ne was that the sale of a few dozen bottles of a
medicinal preparation, with written labels aftixed,
bearing a name different from that ])reviously used
for sucii preparation, does not amount to use in such
circumstances as to publicity and to such length of
use as to show an intention to ad(j])t the written
words as a trade mark. Because the ])laintift's in
this case had so used the mark they were refused an
injunction and account against the defendant. It
was also decided that although the registry of a
trade mark under the act of iMarch 3, 1881, does not
affect the common-law right to a trade mark, the
statements made in such registration maj- be used
as evidence in a suit on common-law riglits and to
show what the complainant really claimed: stilhfur-
ther. the court decided that in .such suits the state-
ment filed to obtain reg-istration and attached to the
affidavits on motion for preliminary- injunction may-
be considered on the final hearing. In the decision
the court intimated that equity- will not intervene
to protect the use of words claimed as a trade mark
between owners of quack medicine <.)r where the
words used assert a manifest falsehood or a phy-so-
logical impossibility-, as in ‘‘one night's cough cure.”
This question did not receive positive adjudication,
but the correctness of the doctrine was intimated in
the opinion of the court.

XATIOXAE CA.SH REGIS'IEK CO. Z’S. EAWSON COXSOEO-
DATED STOKE SERVICE CO.

In this case, reported in vol. 67, O. G. page 680,
the U. S. Circuit Court, District of New Jersey- ap-
plied a well known principle of law to the patents
of one Eord and of one Boyer, both of which were

owned by- the National Co. This case arose under
the provisions of Revised Statute No. 4918. which
provides for the appearance in court of the parties
to an interference in which a patent has been
granted to an inventor adjudg-'ed to have priority-
though the defeated contestant had previously- re-
ceived a patent for the same thing. The successful
party- to the interference was one Jueng-st, his pat-
ent being owned by- the Lawson Co., and the evi-
dence shows that before the earliest date of either
Lord or Bayer. Juengst had produced a full size
working- machine, and that it had fully accomplished
at the date of its construction the work for which it
was desig-ned. Its mode of operation and utility
were appreciated and understood by those who saw
it operate. These being the facts it was held that
such a machine constituted a reduction to jiractice
reg-ardless of the question whether various other
mechanisms common to all such machines worked
with jiractical success or not.

EX PARTE .sii,vp;ks.

This case a decision of the Commissioner of Pat-
ents, was the means of establishing quite a prece-
dent in trade mark jiractice, and its ruling- was a
radical departure from the former practice of the
Patent Gffice. It has been the custom of the Patent
6)ffice officials to require ajiplicants for trade mark
registration to restrict the use of the trade mark to
one of the various classes into which trade marks
are divided, and upon attempting to enforce this
rule in Silvers' ap])lication. Silvers appeafed to the
Commissioner who declared that there was no au-
thority in the law for such requirements. He only-
qualified this rule l)y' the proviso that if a person
had previously- registered a trade mark similar to
that of the applicants and for use on one of the arti-
cles of trade for which the applicants was intended,
the applicant should be required to restrict the use
to these articles which were not mentioned in the
prior trade mark. The reason for this is obvious,
since no two persons can have trade marks for the
same symbol and applied to the same article of trade.
The former practice. of the Patent Office was based
on a construction of the trade mark law by- which
the requirement that tlie applicant should specify-
the particular descripton or class of the g-oods to
which the mark was applied, was held to mean that
tlie mark must be restricted to this jjarticular class
or species, since such a ruling would be the logical
conclusion to be drawn from the statutory require-
ment. The decision was reported in vol. (>7 O. G.
page 811.

AIOKGAX Z’S. I)AXIEL.S.

In this case, a decision of the Supreme Court and
reported in vol. 67 ( ). G. pag'e. 811, Morg-an asked to
have the patent of Daniels set aside and tlie Patent
Office instructed to grant him, IMorgan, a patent for
the same invention. On June 26th 188(-) Morgan
filed an application for patent and the ajiplication
was subsequently involved in an interference with
Daniels' ajiplication. which interference resulted in
a decision favoring- Daniels. Ujion this decision
Daniels' ]iatent issued, and IMorgan now g-'oes to the
Courts under the statute of tlie IT. S. No. 4915. The
suit was first st;irted in the Circuit Court of the U.
S. for the District of ISIassachusetts. and came to
the Supreme Court by ap]jeal. the Circuit Court
having- given a decision in favtn' of Morg-an." The
Supreme Court, however, reversed the decision of
the Circuit Court and declared that where the ques-
tion decided in the Patent Gffice is one between con-
testing- parties as to priority of invention the decis-
ion there made must be accepted as controlling-
upon that question of fact on any subsequent suit
between the parties, unless the contrary- is estab-
lished by- testimony which in character and amount
carries thorough conviction. Daniels’ patent, there-
fore. stands and IMorgan has now no further remedy-.
This rule is not new since it was established, in sub-
stance, in Coffin vs. (Jgden (18 IVall 120) and in Can-
trell vs. Wallick (35 ( ). G. 871). In both of these cases
similar questions arose and they- were decided in
accordance with the rule of Morgan vs. Daniels.
The evidence in this case showed very- closely- re-
lated dates of conception : (Morgan claimed to have
conceived the invention in July- 1878, while Daniels
can only- prove conception in October, 1878. Daniels,
however, proves this point bey-ond a doubt, but
Morgan's testimony- in support of his contention is
questionable. These facts establish a case which
fits the rule and, therefore, the desision for Daniels.

DUKAXD IIUGUEXIX & CO. Z’S. GREEX SCHUI.ZE BEKGE
& KOECHir,.

This case resulted in a decision of the U. S. Circuit
Court for the Eastern District of Pennsy-lvania, and
was reported in vol. 67 O. G. page 814. Here some
very- log-ical principles of patent construction were
applied to the patent of Horace Koechlin No. 253,721,
and the only- claim of said patent declared to be for
a process merely, and not to include the product

which the owners of the patent contended was within
its scope. The claim of Koechlin's patent was very-
vague and indefinite and was for the manufacturer
of coloring matters by the action of nitrosa deriva-
tives of the tertiary- amines on tannin. The lan-
guage of the claim was such to render its meaning
very- uncertain and it could not be definitely deter-
mined whether the claim was for a process of for
the product resulting therefrom. The court, however,
favoring the inventor as it should, ruled that the
jsrocess of subjecting tannin to the action of nitroso
derivatives of the tertiary amines was the only- su,b-
ject of the claim. By- no rule of construction could
they- hold that the claim embraced the product
though it was urg-ently contended by- the complain-
ant that such was the case. Since the defendants,
only- infringed the products and since the claim of
the Koechlin paten-f could not be held to conclude
the same ; the bill of the complaintants was dis-
missed.

PETER.S Z’S. HISEY.

This was a decision of the Commissioner of Pat-
ents in an interference case coming- before him on
appeal from the Examiners in Chief. The subject
matter was a cartridge loading- machine, and the
evidence showed that Peters conceived the invention
in Sejitember 1888, reduced it to practice in Novem-
ber 1888, and put it into extensive public use in March
1889. On the other hand, Hisey- contends to have
conceived the invention earlier, but the fact is only-
corroborated by- the recollection of one witness to a
conversation four and one-half years since. "With
these facts in view Commissioner Sey-mour declared
tliat the conception of Hisey- was not sufficiently-
jiroven as against the unmistakable evidence of hia
opponent, even though his opponent conceived the
invention later than the date soug-ht to be proven
by Hisey. It is well settled that verbal evidence of
disclosure, such as characterized Hisey-'s proof, does
not prevail over evidence supported by- the actual
exhibition of tlie sketclies employ-ed in the disclos-
ure. The reason for this rule is tliat there is a pos-
sibility- of mistake or forg-etfulness in the case of
verbal evidence, while there is but little chance of a
mistake in the case of evidence by- duly- authenticated
exhibits. This case was also the means of deciding
that a disclosure on board a foreign ship in mid-
ocean may- be received on the question of conception
of an invention. This rule is clearly- an equitable
one. since there could be no reason for refusing ta
admit it simply- because it orig-inated at sea, pro-
vided the proof properly- establishes its existence.
In this case, however, tlie evidence was inadmis-
sible as it was not sufficient to establish the fact of
the disclosure.

EX PARTE DKAWBAEGH.

This was an appeal to the District of Columbia
Court of Appeals from the decision of the Conimis-
sioner of Patents' ruling that Drawbaugh was not
entitled to a patent since his invention was in public
use and on sale for more than two years before the
filing of the application. Drawbaugh admits the
prior use, but contends that it was without his
knowledge or cousent. and that knowledg-e or con-
sent of an inventor is essential in such cases. In
support of this contention Drawbaugh arg-ues that
this was formerly- the rule and that it should be im-
plied or " read in” the later statutes on the subject.
The court held, however, speaking- through Judg-e
Shepard, that where the words of an act or part of
an act are plain and clear and not inconsistent with
the general object of the statute, and lead to no.
absurd result, the courts have no rig-ht to refuse
their operation or to limit their effect by- a construc-
tion based on conjecture. Therefore, they- held that
it was not necessary- that the inventor be acquainted
with the fact of prior use, and that his patent was
barred by- the mere fact of such use for two y-ears
before the filing of the axiplication. This has been
generally- understood as the correct rule, and it is.
suxiported by- the case of Andrews vs. Hovey- (42 O.
G. 1285). Though this decision. Andrews vs. Hovey-,
was made under the law of 1839, it is well applicable
to Drawbaugh 's case, since the law of todays
differs but little from the former in this x^articular
Xroint. Tlie decision in the Drawbaugh case was.
Xmblished in vol. 67 O. G. x^s-o^ ^^9.

KERRY c’f al Z’S. TOUITX.

This was a trade mark case and the decision was.
rendered by- the United Stated Circuit Court, for
the District of Massachusetts. It was the means,
of deciding two questions of trade mark law,,
or rather of deciding one question and re-affirm-
ing the answer to a second question. The point
decided was that citizens of Canada who are
engaged in the manufacture of trade marked
articles and who have a place of business in New
York where they- make and ship such articles for

THE IXTEXTIVE AOE.

sale in the United States, are within the Interna-
tional Convention of March 20. 1883. for the protec-
tion of industrial property, and they niaj- sue in the
U. S. Courts for tlie infring-ement of their trade
marks by its citizens. The International Conven-
tion of March 20. 1883. pi'ovides for the trading' in
one country of a merchant who lives in another and
for the protection of his trade mark rig-hts. In
other words, it is a law of trade marks which ex-
tends over the countries entering- into the ag-ree-
ment. and in so doing- g-oes beyond the laws of the
several countries. Tlie point which the court re af-
firmed was that persons who manufactured a medi-
cinal compcmnd under a certain name and bound in
a certain wrapper and who sold the compound so
identified for twenty years or more, had a right to
claim the exclusive use of the mark and to be pro-
tected against infringement b v persons making simi-
lar goods. This is the theory of the common law
trade mark and it has been the rule ever since the
days of Blackstone. It is onU' necessarj' that the
mark be used with such publicity and for such a
length of time that the public will become acquainted
with it. its ownership and the goods which it identi-
fies. These pre-requisites are essential to the exclu-
sive ownership of a trade mark and when once per-
formed. establish an indefeasible right, one which
may be sold or assig-ned with the business in con-
nection with which it is used. It is not necessary
as the decision in this case would imply that the
trade mark be used for twenty 3-ears, since an3-
length of ownership which would be sufficient to
acquaint the public with the mark and its function
is sufficient.

U. S. EX REE. the STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA c’S. JOHN
S. SEYMOUR. COMMISSIONER OF PATENTS.

This decision arose out of an application b}' the
State of South Carolina for the registration of a
trade mark for use in the liquor trade which had
been recentU' established in that state. It has prob-
ably been the hardest fought case that ever arose
out of the Patent Office. The Commissioner of Pat-
ents rejected the application and refused registration
of the trade mark on the g-round that the State of
South Carolina or aiiA- State in the American Union
is not that corporation which the law contemplates
in its provision for the registration of trade marks.
The Commissioner contended that the State did not.
and could not. own the trade mark, and this, because
the law which established the S3-stem of liquor trade
was illegal and that all acts which arose out of said
law were equalU- illegal. From an adverse decision
in the Patent Office, the State appealed to the Court
of Appeals in the District of Columbia, which decided
that the action of the Commissioner was in error
and ordered him to issue the registration notwith-
standing his adverse decision. This ruling of the
Court of Appeals was attained b3- a petition for the
issue of a mandamus ordering the Commissioner to
issue the registration as a ministerial dut3-. The
question was, therefore, one as to the nature of the
Commissioner's dut3', whether it was judicial or min-
isterial. If judicial the decision could not be re-
viewed b3' an appellant tribunal, while if the Commis-
sioner's duties are ministerial the writ of mandamus
will lie. From this decision of the Court of Appeals
the Commissioner appealed, through his counsel.
Mr. Levin H. Campbell, to the Supreme Court of the
District of Columbia, which reversed the decision of
the Court below and refused the writ. The State
then appealed the Supreme Court of the United
States from the District Supreme Court. The
former Court rendered its decision on Ma3’ 14th,
which arose on a motion to dismiss the case on
the ground of a lack of jurisdiction. The law
authorizing appeals to the Supreme Court in
causes having their origin in the District of Colum-
bia onU' provides for cases in which it appears from
the record that the amount in question is S5000 or
that the case is one which questions the validit3- of
a patent or copi’right or a statute or treaty. The
State of South Carolina contended that the case was
within the purview of the law. since the value of the
trade mark was greatU in excess of $5000. As to
this point the court declared that the pertinent ques-
tion was whether t'ne actual subject of the contro-
versy- amounted to $5000, and not whether collateral
matters had that value. Since it could not be con-
tended that the registration of the trade mark had
any such a value, it followed that the Supreme
Court had no jurisdiction. Therefore, the decree
dismissing the case. With this decision of the
Supreme Court one of the longest and most inter-
esting controversies arising out of the Patent Office
was settled. It is very- much regreted that the Court
did not decide the y-alidity- of the Commissioner's
action, since this has been doubted bv many-, for it
has been contended that the Commissioner had no
authority- to go bey-ond the question of oyvnership as
betyveen tyvo contesting parties, for it is only- in such
cases that the layy provides for questioning the
oyvnership of a trade mark. The State presented a
formal application and asked registration on a true
and layyful trade mark, yvhich many- contend, merits
favorable action in the absence of an opposing party- :
The decision yvas published at length in vol. 67 O. G.
page 1191.

NEWS CONDENSED.

1. Georyo tV. Abril, etlitdr of the Baltimore Sun. died

j...Tlie Supreme Court of Montana, at Helena, denied the ap-
plication for a mandamus to com])el the Great Northern Kail-

road to operate its lines Paul J. Sorer dem. was elected

over E. J. Kathbone rep. by over l.TiK) majority in the third

Ohio Coua-ressional district J. T. Ailuiau was nominated

f<ir Governor bv the Populists of Pennsylvania Indiana

town elections showed heavy Republican "ains The Great

Northern Kailtvav strike was ended by arbitration "Gen."

Coxey defied the authorities and attempted to march the -'Com-
monweal Armv" throua-h the Capitol grounds: while attempt-
ina to speak from the Capitol steps Coxey. Hrowne and Colum-
bul; Jones were arrested and jailed.

yiYV 2. At Cleveland, Ohio, a mob of 6.000 men. mostly for-

ei-Tiers. partially demolished the iron mills, and drove out the

workmen and defied the police Eiaht hundred brickyard

employees at Kinaston. N. Y.. struck aaainst lower waaes

The International Himetalic Conference opened at London

Two hundred Mexican soldiers were killed in a battle with the
"Yaciui Indians.

yi yy- 3. The new cruiser. "Marblehead." completed her trial

Irjp' Prof. C. V. Riley, chief etomoloaist of the Department

of Aariculture. has resianed Eartlnjuakes continue throuah-

out Greece.

May 4.— In the conflict with strikers of the Pennsylvania
reaitnis ten men were shot and two officers brutally

assaultecl The Massachusetts House of Representatives

aareed to the amendment of the Constitution providiria for the

referendum Ex-President Harrison, at New Y’ork. denied

that he was a candidate for Presidential nomination The

Antwerp exposition opened with appropriate ceremonies. i

May 5. — Ex-United States Minister to Australia. John, Jay,

died at New Y’ork, aaed 77 years "General" Kelly's army

has arranaed to float down DesMoines river on flat boats

John Patton. Jr., was appointed U. S. Senator by- Governor
Rich to succeed the late F. B. Stockbridae.

May 6. — As a result of the coal strike the price of coal in

Chicaao raised from 52.75 to 54 per ton At Muncie. Indiana.

the yVilliamN. IVliitley Reaper and Motver Works burned : loss.

5250.000 Hail storms did much damaae in many parts of the

country The Italian a"ve'-tt"w’tt has decided aaainst im-

miaration to America durina the present depressed condition of
affairs.

May 7.— It is announced that Richard Crocker is to retire from

the active manaaement of Tammany oraanizatiou The

strike in the Connellsville coke reaions has resulted in a com-
plete shut down Strikina coal miners in Alabama resorted

to dynamite.

M.ay. S(.— Gov. Jones Wolfe, of the Chickasaw nation, yvas ar-
rested on the charae of embezzlement The si.xth annual

convention of State Railroad Commissioners beaan at yVashina-

ton H. N. D. Pierce, of Massachusetts, yvas named by the

President to be Secretary of Leyation at St. Petersbury

The Priihibition layv yvas decided in force by the Supreme Court
of South Carolina The Netv York State Constitutional Con-
vention oryanized at Albany In the IVashinyton police

court the jury found Commonyvealers Coxey. Broyviie and Jones
yuilty of violaliuy the police re.aulatinns of the Capitid yrounds.

M.\Y h. — General Matthew M. Trumbull died at Chicayo. ayed

68 years A larye number of the Galvin "Industrial army"

yve’re arrested at Pittsbury for trespassiuy on trains and sen-
tenced to prison for 20 days Kelly's army of 1.250 arrived at

DesMoines on 150 flat boats A resolution favoriny the leyal-

iz.ation of pooliny ayreements yvas adopted by the Convenlion
of Railway- Commissioners.

yi.AY 10. — A fire at Norway. Me., dainayed property to the e.x-

tent of 5230,000 The Mary Washinytou monument at Fred-

ericksbury. Va.. yvas unveiled In the conflict with Co.xey-

ites. TTvho stole a train at Yakima. Wash., tyvo deputy- marshals

and several citizens were shot On account of ill health.

Major J. IV. Powell. Director of the U. S. Geoloyical Survey,
resi'yned The House Committee on Ayriculture report ad-

versely on bills for the extermination of the Russian thistle.

M ay 11. — Pullman car employees to the number of 2.000 struck

for last year's tvayes Chas. 1). IValcott. of Neyv 3l ork. yvas

named by the .President to be Director of the Geoloyical Surve.v

Joliu McOuade was named as Richard Crocker's successor

as Tammany boss The Suyar Convention at Neyv Orleans

adopted resolutions uryiny the retention of the suyar bounty.

M.ay 12. — The dock trial of the battleship "Texas" at the

Norfolk navy- yard was said to be successful At Akron.

Ohio, fire destroyed the Akron Yarnish Co.'s yvorks: loss 5100.-
000.

M.ay L3. — -A larye number of combats of officials yvith "Indus-
trial armies" were reported from yvesterii points Dr. Tal-

maye's Brooklyn tabernacle burned: loss. 51.000,000.

yi.AY 14. — U. Is. Senator Don Caffery yvas re-elected bv the

Louisiana Leyisl.ature The appeal of John Y'. McKane was

dismissed byAhe L’. S. Supreme Court Col. Breckenridye

yvas expelled from honorary membership of the Ltnion Le.ayue
Club in Chicayo.

M.ay 15. — "General" J. S. Co.xe.v yvas nominated for Conyress

bv the Populists in the Massillon. Ohio, district One hun-

ered and thirty-sey-en buildiuys burned in Boston, leaviiiy 4.80

families homeless: loss. 5500,000 Lelaiid O. Iloyvard yvas

appointed etomoloyist of the Department of Ayriculture to

succeed Prof. C. Y. Riley- The motion for a new trial of

Co.xey. Browne and Columbus Jones yvas overruled by police
Judye Miller Dr. Rice won the Brookly n handicap: time

2.07M.

yi.AY 16. — At Payvtucket. R. I.. fire destroy-ed four coal and

lumber yards: loss 550i).tX)0 15.(X10 brick yard employees at

Pouyhkeepsie. N. Y’., rioted W. H. Edwards. Lt. S. Cimsiil

General at Berlin, died.

M.ay 17. — The 106tli General Assembly of the Presbyterian

church in the United States met at Saratoya Storms in

Ohio. Michiyan and other western states, caused damaye esti-
mated at 51,000.000 The Prohibitionists of California nomi-
nated Henry French for yovernor The Populists of Georyiti

nominated J. K. Hines, of Atlanta, for yovernor By the

recent outbreak in Y’enzuela. several thousand liy-es yvere lost.

M.ay 18. — The Hillsboro Colleye. at Hillsboro, Ohio, burned:

loss 5500.000 For stealiny Union Pacific enyine, " General "

Carter and his staff were fined and imprisoned The yvorst

storm of the season rayed on Lake Michiyan; many- vessels
yvere destroy-ed and creyvs droyy-ned.

yi.AY 19. — Tyvo Northern Pacific trains were stolen by Coxey-

ites The neyv Public Printer discharyed over 700 employees

of the Government printiny office, in order to reduce the force.

M.ay 20. — Ex-General Master Workman Powderly-. A. W.
Wriyht and P. H. Ouinu. Kniyhts of Labor, yvere discharyed

from the order on the charye of disloyalty- The Coxeyites

yvho stole Northern Pacific trains were arrested by deputy-
marshals in Ylontana.

M.ay 21. — Many of the plants in the Connellsville coke reyion

beyun operation The Manchester ship canal was formally

opened yvith yreat ceremony- by Oueen Y’ictoria Co.xey,

Browne and Jones were sentenced to twenty days in jail.

M.ay- 22. — A vote of uryency on the eiyht-hourbill in the Cham-
ber of Deputies, caused the defeat and resiynaton of the F rench

ministry- Col. Oates yvas nominated by- the Democrats for

yovern(.)r of Alabama.

M.ay' 23.— Chas. H. J. Taylor, colored, yvas finally confirmed as

recorder of deed- for the Di-ir:..-: td Coin m i.i.y . . ‘.--loM.'i

H:i-liny'- w:i- un;inimou-l,v iiomi inUed for to r o: P.-mu- .I-

vania by the Rt.']jul)lic;:n-.

M.ay 24.- Tile oflicei's of the U. S. crui-er t'iii. w.-re yi ■ .-n

a dinner and yreiit ovation at St. .lann-- H.'ib. Loine -n I u

the city election at Norfolk- the ProliiUitiorii-: - a'-.n J. .

Webster yvas uomiu:ited for yovernor li;.- t he 1'. iini ) i - ■ - ■ ,m. a : i : ■ i -

nia (Jueeii Yictoria's 75th Idrilnhi v yv.'i- c. lebr.'io <: * ii r* . .i_ h -

out Euyland's pitssessiotis.

M.VY 25. — The senatorial i ti ve-tiyatioii committee f..uui: that
Mai. Buttz. yvho was irresprm-ible. h:td niaiie cert:iin fUfer- o,

bribe Senators Hunton and Kyle There wa- a -eri-.u- con-

llict betyveen the strilters ;it Cripple Creek Col. and tin- imilior-
ities.

M.ay 26. — Prof. Smith yvas convicted of liere-y at the I're-'ov-
terian General As-emblv in Saratoyti bv a vote of .Di, pi] . .
Governor Waite ordered out the troop- to -uppre-s the Cripjde
Creek rioters.

yi.AY 27. — Troops yvere ordered (tut to -uij]ires- the -trikiny
rioters at M i notik. Ill I>:ivid Tavlor. of Bo-ton. yva- nom-

inated by the Socialists for yovernor of YLi-sachu-ett-.

M.ay 28. — Judg-e Bradley decided ayainst the riyht of C(,l.

Brecken ridye to apfteal on technical y rounds The operator-

of the soft coal mines in the Clearfield reyion. Peiiit.. decided i',
employ neyv men and resume ofteralions.

M.\y 29.— Galvin's " army" joins Co.xey's forces at Hiylilands

M. Dupuy succeediny in fortniny a neyv French ministry

.A reduction of over 3iW tvas made in Ihe yvorl;iny force of

the War Department.

yi.AY 30. — Senator Kyle's little danyhter yvas bitten bv a in:id

doy At Richmond. Y'a.. YIemorial Day yvas celebrated bv

ttnveiliny the nionumeitt erected it> the memory of Ctjtifederate

soldiers Six persons yvere killed in a rtiilyyay accident on

the Wisconsin Central Great loss of life and pntperty re-
ported from floods in British Columbia Leaders of the

" Commonyvealers" who stole the Northern Pacific train in Yloit-
taiia. were sentenced to si.x months in jail.

An Important Patent Office Decision.

For the pa?it two vears a hotly contested interference case has
been carried on between three larL'^e representative Hay Tool
manufacturers, as to the (question of priority* of riirlit to the
double beaded and intermediate flanged suspension rail for hav
carriers : and also to the said rail in combination with suspen-
sion bifurcated hooks adaptad for connection with the upper
bead, and adjustable knocker blocks attached by set screws to
the lower bead. The parties to these interferences are J. E.
Porter of Ottawa. Ilk. represented by Mason. Fenwick and Law-
rence, patent lawyers of Wasliin«-ton. D. C. : William L<juden <if
Fairfiield. Iowa, represented hy Charles D. Fullen. F. s. Di.'^-
trict Attorney for southern Iowa and H. A. Sevniour of
Washington, t). C. : and H. A. Durr of L’tica. New York, rep-
resented b.v Messrs. Risley and Robinson, patent law.vers of
Utica. Xew Y'ork. and McLeod, Calver and Randall, patent
lawyers of Washinerton. D. C.

At the hearing’ before the Examiner of Interferences priority
was awarded to Louden on the ground that he was the fir>t to
constructively reduce the inventions to practice— having filed his
application three months ahead of Durr andfive months ahead of
Porter. The facts showed, that Porter conceived the invention,
and made models prior to Louden : that Louden conceived the
invention prior to Durr, but never actuall.v made a rolled rail,
while both Porter and Durr made rolled rails subse<iuent
to Loudeii's application. •

On appeal to the Examiners in Chief, from the decision award-
ing priority to Louden, the Examiners in Chief. June 1. 1aS‘4. re-
versed both of the decisioiE and awarded priority to Porter in
both cases, thereby confirming the patent granted DecemberlS,
1802. to Porter, for the rail per sc. and i..suring the issue of
another patent t() Porter for the combination, should no appeal
from their decisions be taken and a different decision renden d.
About seven hundred pa.ires of testimony weie taken, and elab-
orate arguments prepared.

The in vention is considered one of great importance, and the
new rail was first rolled by the Chicago Rolling Mill Co.. loi
the J. E. Poter Co., of Ottawa, and rolled for Durr subsequently
by the Sweet, or Syracuse. X. Y., Rolling Mill Co.

One would hardly think that a small matter of this kind
would possess enough importance to en.ga.ge the time and capi-
tal of the J. E. Poter. Co., of Ottawa. Ilk. the Louden Machine
Co., of Fairfield. Iowa, and the Charles H. Childs' Manufactur-
ing Co., of Utica. Xew York, but when the vastness of our
agricultural business is considered, the wonder will cease.
There is no telling how important a patented article in a certain
class may bejfouiuk This special type of rail has been sought
after for many years by hosts of hay tool manufacturers, but
none of them hit the nail upon the head, until the first of tin se
contestants conceived the idea of making a cross shaped rail
with a bead or head at the top and bottun of its vertical web.
whereby side tracks for the wheels of the hay carrier to run
upon were afforded, and at the same time a means for attaching
suspension hooks at top, and knocker block at bottom were pro-
vided. The rail is of steel, light and strong — weighing about
two lbs. to the foot, and supplies a long felt want, hundreds of
tons of it having already been pul into use.

Another Gigantic W’lieel.

A conipaiiY' has been formed in London under tlie
name of The Gigantic YY'heel and Recreation Towers
Company. Limited, to construct and work a Avheel
somewhat similar to the celebrated Ferris wheel.
It is to be erected at Earl's Court Exhibition, and
the first length of one of the legs for the towers has
been placed in position. The g-eneral design of the
whole structure is bY' Lieut. J. YV. Grat-don. and the
contract has been'taken bt' YV. B. Basset, managing
director of Maudslav. Sons Field. It is to be 30b
feet in diameter, while the diameter of the Ferris
Avheel was 250 feet, and it will have accommodation
for 1600 people, instead of 1368.

But it is not onlt- in size that the Gigantic differs
from the Ferris. TheEn.glish wheel will be carried
on two towers 175 feet high, having' saloons cn their
tops and at intermediate stages, surrounded on
three sides bY' lialconies. Communication with the
top of these toYvers Yvill be bY' lifts as well as bY'
staircases, and theY' Yvill be connected bY' a passage
running- through the axle of the Yvheel. Tills is to
be seY'en feet diaemter. and will be built up of mild
steel bars and plates ; Yvhile in the Ferris Yvheel the
axle is a solid steel forging. 32 inches diameter and
30 inches at bearings. There are to be 40 carriages,
each 25 feet long. 15 feet Yvide and 10 feet hig-h, ac-
commodating' 40 passeng-ers. There Yvill be eight
stag-es from which theY' can be entered, so that -the
Yvheel will stop ff\'e times during each re\'olution,
which Yvill take about 20 minutes.

124

THE

^GE

Under this heading* is published all assig*!!-
ments of patents or partial interest in same, as
on record in the United States Patent Office for
the month ending* May 28, where the consid-
eration was $2,000 and over.

Edward X. Avery and Charles A. Slavton in-
ventors, to Morris Bros., of Oberlin Ohio : con-
vertible Hay and Slock Rack. All rig*hts for a
part of the U- S. $4,000.

Hiram Burnett inventor, R. O. Woodward as-
sig-nor to A. S. Woodward. Paint. All rig*hts
for the State of N. Y. $2.0lK).

Noble A. Boies inventor, to Samuel B. ISIc-
Clure of East l^alestine, <lhio. Hoof-expanders.
An undivided half interest. $3,000.

Thomas H. Besse. inventor, Wm. B. McCann
assig*nor to James N. Crosby of Scranton, Pa.
Ice Cream Freezer. All rig*hts for live counties
in Pa. $2,000.

Cornelius Callahan inventor, to the Cornelius
Callahan Co., <»f Maine. Cut off for valves.
Assigrns all rig*hts. $2,000,000.

Robert E. Daniels inventor, to the Daniels
Steel Railroad Tire Co., of Y()ung*st<iwn. Ohio.
Metal Railroad Tires. All rig-hls. :$+,500.

James Dowdy and Frank :M. Cattern inven-
tors, to Frank M. Cattern of Denver. Col,
Electro Medical Injector. All rig*hts. $2,250.

Janies W. Dawson inventor, to Frank A.
Brown, of Columbus, Ohio. Invisible Burg*lar
Alarm. All rig*hts. 2.000.

Cyrus Crabbs inventor, to James W. Ayres,
of Parkton. Md. Fence. All rig*lits for 30
counties in Kentucky. 3,000.

Henry C. Carter inventor, to the Carter Pack-
ag*e Co. Cover for Butter Tubs. All rig*lits.
$5,000.

Matthew F. Connett Jr. inventor. T. W. Har-
ford assig*nor, to Josei.>h J. Hare of Clear LaU'e,
Iowa. Hand Fence Machines. An undivided
<iuarter interest in said invention. $0,000.

J no. W. Cook in veil tor, Chas L. Og'le assig*nor.
to James H. Richards. Woodburn. Oreg*on.
Clothespins. All rig*hts for four ci>unties in the
State of Washing*ton. $1,200.

Thomas Carroll inventor, to the Habing*er
Carroll Cash Reg*ister Co., of New Haven. Conn.
Total Adding* Cash Reg-isters. Exclusive rig*lit
to said invention. $10,000.

Archibald Ford inventor, Lincoln Davis as-
signor, to Tlie Consumers Gas Saving* Co., of
Minneapolis, Minn, (xas Reg*ulati>r. AllrlgDits
for the State of Minn,, except one countv $20,-
000.

Robert J. Fisher in veiitor, to Alice M. Fisher,
of AthiMis, Teiiii. Type writing* machiiu's. An
undivided two-thirds of all rig*lits. $5.0i)il.

Arthur <Treiner inventor. Sylvester B. Dickey
assig*nor, tothe Greiner Economical CupolaCo..
of Chicag*o. 111. Process ot Melting* Metal. All
ri'ghls. $50,000.

Albert Sanford inventor, to T. J. Lemon, of
Seneca Co., Mo. Velocipede. <>iie undivided
fourth of all rig*ht. $5,000.

Greg*oire Seri vanow inventor, Irene Eld red
assig-nor. to TheC(dumbia Telephone IMfg*. Co.,
of N. Y. Galvanic Batter.v. All her i*ig*ht
title and interest. $20.0i)0.

Samuel L. Madden inventor. Tlie C\vclone
Dig-g-er Co., to Wm. B. Saniser, of Louisville,
Ky." Post Hole Dig*g*er. All rig*lits. $2,050.

Janies W. McDonoug*h and Horace H. Eldred
inventors, to the Columbia Telephone Mfg*.
Co., of N. Y. Telephone Switch. All rig*lits.
$30,000.

Paul Goiidolo inventor. Miller's Pennsylva-
nia Extract Co., to the Philadelphia iMortg*ag*e
and Trust Co. Tannin Extract. A 11 its rig*hts.
$5,000.

James W. Woodward inventor, Addison N.
Bog’gs assig*nor, to James W. Woodward, of
Harvey, 111. Ice Cream Freezer. All rig*htsfor
the States of Ohio and Micliig*an. $5,000.

Zenas L. Palmer inventor. H. H. Gould as-
sig*nor, to C. N. (Trant of Bay Port, Mich.
Wagon Jack. All rig*hts. $1,300'.

Charles H. Pettay invent<u*, W. W. Ale.xander
assignor, to S. M. Nease and H. T. Wood man see
of Pittsburg*, Pa. Line Tighteners. All rights.
$8,000,

Grant Holmes inventor, to Robert Holmes, of
Danville. 111. Steam Shovels. Undivided half
of his rig*ht. $20.0oi).

Thomas J. Hatheld inventor, F. C. Benson
assignor, to W, R. Borders and others, of Ran-
dolph Co., 111. Fanning* Mills and Grain
Cleaner. All rig*hts for the State of K\'. 3,-
000.

Sarah M. Hoyt inventor, to The U. S. AV ashed
Gravel Co., 111. Centrifugal Screens. All rights
for the U. S. 2.500,000.

Henrietta Horn inventor. Wm. C. Huss as-
signor, to Morris G. Greenwood and Earnest
V. Pierson of Neuark. N. Y. Garment Fitting
Machine. One-half interest of all rig*hts. $8,-
000.

Geo. E. Landis inventor, to James German-
sen, of Portland, Oregon. Animal Gun Trai).
An undivided half interest. $1,500.

Zachary INI. Lindley inventor, to Thomas A.
Rog*ers, of Carthage, ISIo. Washing Machine.
All rights for Eleven States. $10,000.

Mark J. Liddell inventor, toC.M. Graves and
Charles Hoffman. Stove Pipe Drum. All rights

for the U. S., excei:)t the States of Alichigan and
AVashington. $10,0iX).

Samuel W. Ludlow, inventor. Geo. AA’'. Losh.
and others assignors, to the Louisville District
Telegraph Co., of Louisville. Ky.. Fire Alarm
Apparatus. All rig*hts for the State of Ken-
tuckv*. $5. (WO.

Cyrus AA'. Noble, inventor, to Geo. (1. Gifford,
of Auburn. ISIaine. Device for Coupling_^Chain
Links. All rig*hts for the State of Pa. $2.(KX).

Charles A. Potts, inventor, to Edward _A.
Clair. Camden. N. J., Combined Ch^thes Line
Prop eind Clothes Hang*er. All rig*ht, title and
i nterest for the States of New York. Pennsyl-
vania, Marvland and District of Columbia.

$2,20n. ■ _

Industrial Notes.

At Muncie. Iiid., on theOth ult.. lire destroyed
the factorv of AA’m. N. AA’^hiteley ; loss $2dd.()0(*.

The lack of coal has caused hundreds of man-
ufacturing concerns to shut down tem]>orarily.

The Lima Steel Castitig* AVorks at Lima.
r)hio, burned Alav 8th: loss. $300. dOU: insured
for $100,000.

The Howard Harrison Iron Co., Bessemer,
Ala., will furnish the city of Philadelphia with
10,000 toiH of 48-inch pipe.

Tal mage's T a be made, Brookly n, was des-
troved bv lire last month for the third time. It
is asserted that the lire started from a defec-
tive wire in the org*an.

A cut from $3.30 to $2.80 per ton in the price of
swartli iron caus».‘d the puddlers in the w<>rks
of the Union Iron and Steel Co., at Youngstown,
Ohio, to go (JUt on a strike.

The Bliss Eng*ineering Company. AA’’ashing-
ington. has gone into li(jnidation. Liabilities,
about $3,400: assets, $l,30o. Dull times and bad
collections are given as the cause.

Oil account of the excellence o1 the bark in
Tennessee Chas. A. Schieren A Co., leather-
belting* manufacturers of New York, are estab-
lishing* a large tannery at Bristol.

The various firms in the United States eti-
gaged in manufacturing asbestos have consoli-
dated under the name of the H. W. Johns
Manufacturing* Company, New A^ork.

Recent advices indicate g*reat business de-
pression in Arg*entine. It is reported that dur-
ing* the lirst ten da,vs of May failures, with
1 iabi li lies-ag*greg*ati 11 g over $20 ,000, 000. occur red.

The working* time in the Pennsylvania Rail-
road shops. Altoona. Pa., has been reduced from
four days of nine hours to three days of eig*ht
hours each per week. About (>.000 men are af-
fected.

On account of the strike in the Pullman car
shops at Pullman, Ills., the Allen Paper Car
AA’lieel Co. and the Union Foundry AA'orks were
oblig*ed to shut down, thrt>wing’ 300 men out of
employment.

A strike started at the National Tube AA'orks,
McKeesport. May 14. The men asked a restor-
ation of the 20 i)eV cent reduction made in their
wages in Februarv. The butt weld boys, who
are from 1(> to I8'years old, got $1.40 and now
get $1.10. Skilled num who g*ot $3.50 now receive
$2.50 or $2.75. The com]>ariy will close the mill
rather than accede to the strikers.

Electric Flashes.

A double track electric niad is contemplated
between Buffalo and Niag^ara Falls.

It is said there will no monopoly of the run-
nings of electric boats on the Erie Canal.

The St. Louis system of horse racing»* by elec-
tric lig*ht is to be introduced at Chester Park,
Cincinnati.

Prof. Edwin J. Houston was re-elected presi-
dent of the American Institute of Electrical
Engineers.

In 1888 there were but seven electric street
railways iu the United States. Today there
are over 500.

It is reported that a Frenchman has invented
an electric mos(|uito bar which electrocutes in-
sects which come in contact with it.

It is noAv reported that the Manhattan Ele-
vated Railroad Company, New A’ork, is g*iving
the subject of appl\ ing* electric power to its
system.

For vi*rv good reasons the mayor of Baltimore
vetoed the ordinance ]n'(ividing that street cars
running* in the same dir(‘Ction on the same
tracks should at all times remain at least fifty
feet apart.

The Brooklyn elevated railroads have found
it necessary to plan for putting* in elevators to
lift passeng'*ers from the jiavement to the tracks
so seritmsl v liave the trolley lines diverted traf-
fic from the elevated to the surface lines.

The g*reat ■** bivalve" lens, constructed by
Lepoiite, of Paris, on exhibition at the AA’orld's
Fair, was purchased by the United States g*ov-
ernnient for $H),dO0 and will be iGed with elec-
tricity as an illuminant, in the lig*htliouse at
Fire Island, N. Y.

The tenth annual meeting* of the American
Institute of Electrical Eng*ineers was held in
Philadelphia May 15-18. There was a larg*e at-
tendance and a larg*e numberof intensely inter-
est i n g* papers were read. The total nienibersh ij)
of the Association was shown to be just 8dd.

The Street Railway Gazette presents the re-
port of the Boston AA'ater Board on the corrosion
of pipes hy electrolysis in that city, in which it
is shown that serious results are likely tooccur
in the various districts but that it still remains
to be shown whether it is a serious factor in
lessening the life of the piping s.vstem as a
whole.

The Paris-Lyons Railway company has fob
lowed the lead of the Paris-Havre conipany and
begun the use of electric locomotives. The
former company has decided to abandon en-
tirelv steam as'a motive p<nver. The express
trains of the Lyons company to Nice are now
run bv electric engines. Gne novel feature of
the engines is that the entire fore part is wedge-
shaped.

The strike on the electric street railways in

BrookD^n was caused by the refusal of the mo-
tornien and conductors to buy summer uniforms
consisting of a Norfolk jacket and a yachting
cap of white duck. The prices fixed were Oi)
cents for the caps, $11.75 for the condueUw's
uniforms and S5.75 for motormen's coats. The
eniplo3’ees refused to piiy for these suits on a
salary' of $2 a da.v, and now the question is
"what are the companies going to do about
it?”

The New Printing Contract,

The contract for the photolitliographing and
printing of 'the Patent Office Gazette for the
coming .vear was let to the Norris Peters Com-
pany on their lowest bid of $95,731. The other
bidders were as follows; Andrew Graham,
AVashington, $123,347: Helm, of Baltimore,
$120.131 : National Lithographing Compaiyv (the
contractors f<n* 1893;, $127,015, and the Capital
Publishing Conipany, $143,799. The bid of Nor-
ris Peters is considered a remarkably low one,
and it is doubtful if there is an\* mone^* in it —
except for the guivernmeiit. For man.v years
prior to the last period the Norris Peters Com-,
panv did this work in a nio.st satisfactory* man-
ner, and the manner of awarding* the contract
last year to the new firm has been the subject
of much criticism and finally a Congressional
investigation — which is still pending, bi.t out of
which nothing* is likely to come other than es-
tablishing in the minds of the people the belief
that the change was brought about through the-
influence of Josiah (jninc.v then of the State
Department.

The World’s Fair Buildings.

The Columbian Exposition Salvage Co., com-
posed of the Chicag*o House Wrecking* Co.: Au-
gust Poliak: A. S. Deutsch & Co.: Northwest-
ern Iron and Metal Co. : Ohio Iron & Metal Co.:
and Seabers ct Fern ley, who bought the World's
Fair buildings for$80,()(l(.). are allowed until May*
1. 189(), to tear down the buildings. Seventeen
will be taken d<>wn in the next sixty day*s. The
Ag*ricultural, Manufacturers' and Machinery
build i ngs will stand for some tinn* yet, as nego-
tiations are being made with certain railroads
in reg*ard to the purchase of the iron in these
three buildings.

Who Has Back Numbers of Inventive Age?

The IxvEXTiVB Age wants the following
back numbers and will be pleased to pay all ex-
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1889— Nos. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11. 12, 14, 15, 17, 22
and 24.

18%— Nos. 25, 27.28, 29,30,31,32, 33, 30. 37,38,40,
41. 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, and 50.

18‘>1 — Nos. 51, 52, 54, 55, 50. o4, 72. 73, 7t).

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1893 — -January. May, June and July' issues.

Advise us b.v pcistal in advance of what num-
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The Inventive Age,

AA'ashington, D. C.

An Extraordinary Offer.

The Inventive Age has made arrange-
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feature of the greatest of the world’s exposi-
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paid for $1.35.

Still another great offer is tliat of the Peo-
ple's Atlas of the world — maps and statistics
corrected up to 1884 — 124 pag*es — maps of every
state and every nation — a complete Atlas, with
over 300 illustrations, usual price $3 to $5. We
will furnish The In ventive Agp: one y'ear and
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in the'United States. .Send for terms to
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AVashington, D. C.

Test of Armor Plate.

The naval authorities recently made a test of
some of the heaviest armor plate for the new
coast defense vessels, and altliougli not sub-
mitting the plate to the most severe test — that
of resisting a shell from one of the new 13-inch
g*uns — it was badly shattered. It is claimed
that the plate tested was not a perfect one; that
it had shown peculiar action while under.going
the Harvey process of hardening*. ()n the other
hand some experts believe that this test demon-
strated the impracticability of Harveyizing
plates of 18-iiich thickness. Another test is to
be made, however, in order to determine the
efficiency of the new plates and the power of
the 13-inch g’uiis, the test referred to having been
made with a 12-inch gnn.

Maj. John W. Pow ell. of Illinois, director
of the United States Geolog*ical .Survey* for the
last sixteen years, has voluntarily resigned on
account of ill health, and his resig*nation has
been accepted, to take effect on July 1. Prof.
Charles D. AVolcott.of Utica, N. Ar.,the present
chief g*eologist of the survey, has been ap-
pointed his successor.

The Correspondence School of Technology,
Brainard block, Cleveland, Ohio, has issued a
catalogue of its courses of instruction which
will be of value to every one interested in this
modern method of education.

E. Kenakd Mitting. technical cliemist,
Chicago, announces that he has removed from
423 Superior street to 41() Huron street.

The wages of the emx^loyees in the mills of
the New Market (N. 11. k Manufacturing Com-
pany have been increased 10 per cent.

INVPNTOR^ experimentors can obtain

111 1 ijit 1 vRO valuable assistance from us in

perfecting their ideas. Models and patterns a
specialty. Write us. Wm. Gardam & Son, 98
John St., New York.

Advertisements inserted in this column for 20
cents a line (about 7 words) each insertion.
Every new subscriber sending $1.00 to The In-
ventive Age will be entitled to the Age one
vear and to five lines one time free. Ad-
ditional lines or insertions at regular rates.

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 48(l944; Milk Stool.
^ Has been thoroughly tested with good sat-
isfaction. AA'iU sell entire right or state rights.
For further particulars address. R. AA". Shaw,
box 575. Lapeer, Mich.

pOR SALE.— A valuable patent. A Combi-

* nation Kitchen Tool : patented January’ 2,
1894: No. 512,162. AAHll sell entire patent or part.
For price and particulars address, A. A. Cuddy*,
Carlisle, Pa.

pOR SALE OR EXCHANGE.— Patent No. 483.-

* 902. Can Pail, etc., useful in every* family’^
also in the Canning, Paint, Drug, Grocery^
Spice, Confectionary, Perfumery' and Toilet,
and other branches of trade : an all around use-
ful article and cheaply made. AA’^hat have you
to t)ffer ? AAdll sell cheap for cash. Address,
L. C. Corey, 47 Ithaca St., AA'averly. N. Y.

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 488,448; Mole Trap
^ U. S. only. Cheap on account of not being
able to manufacture. Address, Fife and Nel-
son, Livingston, Polk Co., Texas.

pOR SALE.— Door Lock. No. 506,792. Pat. Oct.

* 17, 18'G. AAGll sell for a reasonable price,
either a state, roy’alty or entire right. Chas.
P. Nixholni. Hecla. Beaverhead Co., Mont.

pOR SALE. — Patent outright, or state or coun-
^ ty rights— patent granted Jan. 17, 1893, 011
Rain (or Mini) Skirts ; sickness is reason for
selling*. Address, Patent Rain Skirt Co., 828
A^liet St., Milwaukee, Wis.

pOR SALE. — My patent No-. 518, (>37 ; Improved

■ Straw .Stacker, to be attached to any
threshing machine. It is automatic : a great
improvement over the old kind ; has been
thoroughly tested. AVrite for particulars. A.
A’’an Houwling, Leighton. Iowa.

pOR SALE.— $500 will buy* entire patent No.
^ 485.931 : Spring Plow Clevis ; practical and

full of merit. A rare chance for in vestors. Ad-
dress, Arthur E. Guild. Box 355, AA^'alpole, N. H.

pOR SALE.— Entire or part interest in a new

* and valuable Wire Fence Machine. Cheap

and practical. Thoroughly tested. Weaves
light or heavy wire, larg*e or small mesh. A
bargain. <4reeley* Bros., Moreiici, Mich.

COR SALE. — Allen Braced Wire Fence. Pat-
^ ented Feb. 27, 1894, No. 515,316. Built on
same principle used building bridges. Costs
less than 20 cents a rod. Cut and description
furnished on application. State rights. Cor-
I'espondence. Address, I. C. Allen, 53 Ross St.,
AA'illianisport, Pa.

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 516,688, AVood Pulley' ;

* pronounced the best one yet. Just out.
Cheaply made on correct principles without
glue. Eastern half of United States for sale.
investig*ate and for a bargain address, the
patentee, S. H. St. John, Canon City*, Colo.

pOR SALE. — My* jjateiit No. 5l6.'f73, dated

■ March 20, 1894, " Improvement in Ty*pe
Writing* Machine." A very meritorous inven-
tion. Address, Christian Hess,box727, Steelton,
Pa.

BUSINESS SPECIALS.

Advertisements under this heading* 20 cents a
line each insertion — seven words to the line.
Parties desiring* to purchase valuable patents
or wanting to manufacture patented articles
will find this a valuable advertising medium.

\\/'ANTEl).- -Correspondence with inventors
desiring seamless articles made. On re-
ceipt of full clescri])tion will submit estimate
and send sample of a new material. Address,
J. B. Kittredg-e. AVesttield, Mass.

\\^ANTED. — To correspond with some one
having a g*ood patented article, small and
practical: with a view to manufacturing and
introducing same. Address, Lock Box 12,
Galliner, Nebraska.

\^ANTED.— Correspondence with capitalists
seeking an investment in something prof-
itable and permanent, having from $1,000 to
$10,000 to invest will do well to enquire. Ad-
dress, H., No. 212 Locust Street, St. Louis, Mo.

A^ANTED— To purchase a good patent, some
small novelty of merit or money saving
or labor saving device with price within reach
of all, to sell on royalty. AAL H. Harmon, 2129
Madison Ave., Kansas Cit.v, Mo.

A^ANTED.— I have facilities for disposing of
several good patents in the novelty* line.
Must be reasonable in price. Send specifica-
tions, drawings and prices. Geo. E. Eggert,
824 W , Lackawanna Ave.. Scranton, Pa.

\)^ANTED,— A partner, with capital to api^ly*
diametrical conversion (known in scien-
tific circles as quadrature movement) to any
purpose where power is used ; only this device
will answer entirely the demand of the Metro-
politan Traction Co., offering $50,000 premium
for a new power to be used for city transit.
Patent 481,409. Peter Felix Meny’, 224 Pine St.,
Elizabeth, N. J.

THE

12

% CL

CLASSIFIED list of Patents issued during the mouth appears in each issue of the InvUnTive Age, which keeps inventors posted iu the art in which they are

mostly interested. The full address of any patentee, and number of paieut found below sent to any address on receipt of one 2-cent stamp. 'vVe will

send, postpaid, to any address, printed copies of any IT. S. patents, with specifications and drawings, upon receipt of 20 cents for one coi)y ; 35 cents for two
opies ; 50 cents for three copies. (See premium offer elsewhere in this issue.) Address THE INVEHTIVE AGE, 8tii .\xd H .Sts., W.-VSiiingtox, D. C.-

LIST OF PATENTS

GKANTED FOR INVENTIONS,

MAY 1st, 1894.

[See note at head of this list.]

Acid, apiiaratus for charging liquids \vitli
carbonic. J F Tlieurer.

Acid, petroleum snlfo 2. II A Frasdi.
ADimal liberating device. 0 C Partridge.
Ash scrcener. C Kljcrle.

Axle box dust guard, car. N II Davis,
hag and twine holder. It J 3Iorloii.

Bale covering. 31 A Heath.

Baml cutter and feeder. E Turnell.

Band cutter and feeder. W S Van AVechel
and l> 31 Wynia.

Barrels to stocks, detachably securing. L L
Hepburn.

Basin, wash. J F Lamping.

Batter} system, storage. J Trunipy.

Bed,, folding metal 2. A 1) Houston.

Beil, sofa. E8odergren.

Bedstead attachment. E Bi ule.

Beer, ai)paratns for pasteuri/ing and racking
off. A O 31uller ami A Gieseu.

Beer with carbonic acid, ioipregnating. J F
Theuror,

Bicycle. C E Ford.

Bicycle. E J O’Connor.

Bicycle bag. B Elliott.

Bicycle chain adjustment. 31 L V’ilcox.
Bicycle gearing. E L Shultz.

Bicycle stand or liolder. R de Clairmont.
Bit stock. F J Colvin.

Blower, powiler. K E Warner.

Boiler. W II Berr}'.

Boiler. P B Collier and J II Dignard.

Boiler. CS Hopkins.

Boiler covering. W A Scott, .Tr.

Boiler furnace, steam. J 31cMillau.

Boiler tube cleanor. 31 C Henley.

Boiler tube expander. H Slreeker.

Boiler tube expander and stoiiper. J Wat-
son.

Boot protector, lady’s. H J Wcscott.

Boot, soaking. 31 N Rogers.

Bottle, mucilage. E Terry.

Bottle or Jar closure. R 31 Howe.

Bottling machine. 31 P Heddy.

Box blocking machine, f’ Cristadoro.

Bridge gate. J Sego and 0 Faucher.

Bridle hit. T D Gordon.

Brush, fountain marking. R G Bailey.
Buckle. .1 A King.

Bung extracting machine. J U Kraft.
Burglar alarm. II A 3Ioore.

Burial apparatus. A E Whitney,

Camera shufter. L F Eiden.

Can tilling apparatus, (i II Perkins.

Can tilling Jiiacliinc. A J Tanner.

Car coupling. 11 Bridge.

Car coupling. P C Brown.

( 'ar coupling 2. d Coup.

('ar coupling, d W Lang.

Car Coupling. 1> 1> Nulley.

Car coupling. Rd Reynolds and G 31 Jones.
Car colliding. C II Smith.

Car coupling. N' \ Wolcott and H (d llara.
Car ilumping apparatus. P II IIageu< y.
t’ar fender. SC Kiiidig.

Car platform gate. J Krehldid.

Car safety guard, street, d Noiton.

Car switch actuator, street. F Sparling.

Car wlieel guard or fender. J F 3lortou.
Cars, curtain rod fixture for sleejiing. J
Kirhv, dr.

Check iiook. P F Cavalier.

Cheese foimiiig macliine. 11 R Van Eyck.
Cigar box. L R isenfeld.

Cigar jiress. C Schupple and C Iluheler.
Cistern cleaning machine, d Shepherd.
Chisp. P James.

Clay pigeons, machine fur maiiufactuiing.
\\ G Jones.

Cloth folding machine. W A Richardson.
Cloth sizing and drying machine. R I’art-
ington.

Clothes drier. R Douglas and J F Austin.
Clutch, automatic stop. A C Cami»l'ell.
Coffee pot and filter. C H Iluxford.

Coin tJay. II A Hayden.

Commutator brush. R Kersberg.

Converter 2. C 31 Allen.

Converter fur smelting ores. C 31 Allen.
Copper from its ores, e.vtracting. G W
Goetz.

Copy hohler. R Slieldun.

Core making machine. C R Schmidt.

Cotton press. F L Wliite.

Cracker cutter. L A Rockwell and W A
Hull.

Crate. H Allen.

Creamer, centrifugal. 0 Ohlsson.

Cultivator and planter, d E Miller.
Cultivator, lister. F P. Craig.

Curtain fixture. I Williams.

Cuttiug machine. P E Wilson and P 31
Hesch. .Ir.

Cutting off tool. E W Gourd.

Dairy, portable. J II 3tcllveen.

Darning and embroidering frame. G P Hill.
Dental chair. T' II ami E Gardner.

Di.sh, butter. R Hill.

Dish cleanor. F Noble.

Disenfecting apparatus. J L Stratton and F
Miirtlock. (Ueissuo.)

Distilling apparatus. A Lavy.

Dough shaping ma hine. F Duhrkop.

Diill for wells, Ac. C E Wyman.

Drying kiln. C H Seaman.

Ihve, blue alizarin. R Bohn.

Dye, brown petroleum. H A Frasch.

Dye, brown petndeum nitro. H A Frasch.
Dye. petroleum. H A Frasch.

Electric conductor for underground con-
duits. I) E Conner.

Electric elevator. F E Herdmau.

Electric generator. W Baxter, dr.

Electric generator, self exciting constant
potential. A Schmid and B G I’amme,

Electiic heater. SB Jenkins.

Electric machine, dynamo 2. G Forbes.
Electric niaehinery, construction of solenoids
or coils of wire used in. G Forbi-s.
Electric motor. FE Merdman.

Electric motor. E E Riesand G J Scott.
Electnc motor controlling apparatus. F E
Herdmaii.

Electric motor controlling device 3. F E
Herdman.

Electric motor or generator. W Baxter, Jr.
Electric motor regulator. F E Herdman.
Electrical distribution, system of. E Thom-
son.

Elevating and bag holding machiuo, porta-
ble. G S Ingle.

Elevator, F E Herdman.

Elevator, 0 i^naekenbush.

Elevator controlling device. F E Herdman.
Elevator for buildings. C I Hall.

Elevator safety gate. W J Slyder.

Engine. P Chouteau.

Engine tender, road. E T Wright,
Envelope. .A. J Ritter.

Evaporating pan. II F 3Iiller.

Excelsior cuttiug machine CH Whitman.
E.xercising machine. G F Poole.
Exhibiting macliine, coin controlled card.

d 3Ii FarIand and G II Reid.

Fan, sewing machine. J F Billuian.

Faucet. 31 E Spofiurd.

Fence winding device, wire. I 3’ Adair.
Fences, implements for weaving filler w ires
iu wire. L A Greeley.

Filter. C Sellenseheidt and L Lepke.

Fire alarm and signal, automatic electric. L
A and C J Werner.

Firearm, recoil operated. P I)arche.

Fire escape tinjck. E Cardarelli.

Folder for fabrics, edge. R W S 31itcheU
and J 3Inr]diy.

Fidding gate, sw inging. G 31 Beard.
Folding macliine. (J Eframsun.

Forge, hlai ksmith’s. G E Post.

Fuel economizer. J Milue.

Furnace charging apparatus, blast. F C
Roberts.

Furnaces, cold air draft regulator for. A H
Zimmerman.

Game apparatus. 31 31 Wilson.

Game bag. G II Rawlings.

Game luiard. W Hoffman.

Garment supporter. G 3V Parker.

Gas apparatus, water, 2. A G Gla.sgow.
Glaring, electromagnetic variable speed. W
W Beaumont.

(Hass door plate. H W Green.

Glass panels, manufacture of stained. II C
Iluglies.

Glassware molding apparatus. C Grebe.
Globe, gec'graphical. land 31 A Hodgson.
Glove Ac. II L Norlhroi*.

Gold and black sand, apparatus for extract-
ing. 8 G Durr.

Grain meter, d W Coker.

Grinding mill, roller. W Iluduall and L 1>
Beary.

Guns, Clicking mechanism for hieakdown.

F A ilolleubcck.

Hair curler. J W Leonard.

llamniuck frame, folding. Karnhach.

Handles ami covers to vessels, attaching.

G \\ Niedi inghaus.

Harness. L H Creamer.

Harvester. W 1) Ilarmni;.

Hat and coat liook, locking. E 3V Sweigard.
Hat brim stifleiiing machine, 2. F d 31ur-
I’liy.

Hat or b'liiUct liolder. 1 1) 3"an Goider.
Hatch, elevator. 8 W Blanchard and \V A
Lambic.

1 lay elevator and carrier. JE Porter.

Hay knife F. J Feneran and E D 31ilks.
Hay press. W .1 Pierce.

Hay rake. G A Gemmer.

Hay rake, automatic center delivery. L H
and G N Kimball.

Heater for soldering irons, Ac. G H Per-
kins.

Heating boiler, liot water, 2. I> F Morgan.
Heel nailing machine. A 3Vhite.

Hinge, school seat. J W Fisher.

Hinges, manufacture of strap. T Corscaden.
Hinges or links, machine for forming wire.
II 8 Reynolds.

Hoisting apiiaratiLS. W Roth.

Hose bridge. II 8audruck.

Hose nozzles, portable and adjustable sup-
port for. WA Cain.

Hot air furnace. G W Fridrich.

Hub i>rotector, vehicle. N I> Hodgkins.
Incubator. H R Davis.

Indicator sjirings and steam gages, appara-
tus for testing, R C Carpenter.

Ink, manufacture of iirinting. J and J
Bibby.

Insulating material into conduits, means fur
introducing. 1) Brooks. Jr.

Jewel setting machine feeder. W Rund-
qiiist.

Knife. RJ Christy.

Knife handle hrusli back, A'C. F N Look.
Knitting machine, circular. J L Branson
and S 8 Cook,

Lace fastener, d B Craig.

Ladder for sleeping cars, folding. J B Hol-
brook. •

Ladder, sectional. H H Lang.

Lamp, electric arc. J C Fyfe.

Lamp, electric arc. J B 3IcKeow n.

Lamp, incandescent electric. F 8 Smith.
Lantern. G C Gill and L C Atwood.

Last. F E Benton.

Last. J C Kiipferle.

Latch and lock, combined. N B Gregory.
Lathe, turret. F H Richards.

Laundry hanging rod. W 8 Coburn.
Leather skiving machine. N Dufresne.

Life preserver buoy, Ax. automatic. R Co-
lonies.

Liipiid separator, centrifugal. .J L .Tonsson.
Lid ricant for bicycle chains and bearings.
W L 8argent,

Lubricating device for ear or other axles or
* shafts. J S Washhiini.

Lubricator. P S Whiting.

3Iagnet for electric macliines, field. A
Schmid.

3Iail box. J G Cutler.

31ailing machine. J .A Horton.

3Ialt liijiiors, ajiparatus for cooling and a*rat-
ing. II K Deck' hach.

3Iatch making machine. J C I>onnelIy.
Match safe. R D Goodli-tt.

Mattress filling machine. W H Putnam.
3Ieasuring dress skirts, device for. A 8 New-
comb.

3Ieasuring implement, tailons. D Hawley.
3leasnring textile fabrics, apparatus for. F
C Stenhan.

3Teat chojiping machine. A J Kiill.

3Ietal, machine for joining and ndling sheets
of. 3V 8 Grafton and R R Speais.

3Iohl making machine. L Rilicreau y 31ar-
teanx.

3lolder‘s rack. F Schulte.

31 op wringer. W II Bennett.

3Iotion, (levice for converting reciiirocating
into rotary. F Jackson
3Iotors, hydraulic ajiparatus for controlling
fiuid-jiressnre. C Bonjonr.

3luwer. R 31t (iahey.

Mower, lawn, H Deck.

31usic leaf turner, d W Darley, Jr.

Musical instruments, transjiosing keyboard
for. 31 Phillijis.

Bliisical instruments, vibrator for rued. II
Janes.

Nail jniller. G J Capewell.

Necktie shield. I Noar.

Nut and bolt lock. I G Tiime}'.

Nut Lck. T 3IcDonald, Jr.
oil can. D J Ilolliger.

Ordnance, breech loading. J II Althof.

Ore crusher. F Bisliop.

Organ, j'ipe. PWirsching.

Pail attachment. F 31 Buck.

Pajier cutting machine. J Sjiencer,

Paper box. A L Reeves, dr.

I’aper fixture, toilet. S Wlieeler.

I'aper vessels, machine fur making. W Fu-
g esong.

Pen, draw ing B Hang andF Holler.

Piano action. W W Wallace.

Pianofortes, self playing attachment for. T
L Lebeau.

Pie rack, folding. T d Shannon.

Pigments, manufacturing. H K Moore.

Pijie fastener, conductor, d II Eller.

Pijie tlireading and cutting off macliine. A
3V OiLsli.

Pijio wrench. J Geisendorfer.

Planter, d A Elam.

JManter. d N Wilson.

Planter, corn, d and J Knrt.

Plaster, manufacture of. 11 (.' Iligginson.
Plato holder, magazine. A Stcgeniaun.
I'low. d D Burkhart, C II AVaterniaii and
J D Smith.

Portable furnace- W T Castlcman.

Powi.*!' wheel. A Bienkowski.

Precious ores, eonverting and smelting. C
31 Allen.

Projectiles and ajijuiratus therefor, hardeu-
iug. H A Briistleiu.

Pumji. W H Fettei-s.

Puniji for coiiuiressiog air or gases. G E
Belli.ss and A 3L'rcum.

Pumji, lift, d Wock.

Pumji I'ij'es, vent attachment for. L Adams.
Pumji, steam. E (J Johnson.

Punch, metal. T E Clark.

Pyrotechnic device. II d Pain.

Railway conductor sujijiort, electric. J C
Henry.

Railway, electric. 3V B Purvis.

Railway switch. 11 <' P>« nagh.

Railway switch. CFroelich.

Railway trolley, electric. G W Iloojicr.
Razor handle, f) E Fearu.

Recorders, actuating device for maniiel. H
31 Geiger.

Register. F H Ludington.

Registering measures of liijuids, device for.
F Geraii.

Relay. H S L Verley.

Retaining or lowering apparatus. T H and
E Gardner.

Roasting and calcining kiln. L lloiize.

Rock drill 2. G W Pickett.

Rotary engine or jiump. C C Kuaiiss and J
E Krause.

Ruling machine ink fountain. R N B
Petersen.

Sawing machine. JH 3Iorrison.

Screws into leather or otlier material, ma-
ebinery for inserting. M Wiederin.
Scrubbing machine. R W Somers.

Sea, comjiositiun for pacifving waves of the
31 31 F Richter.

Seaming macliineiy, metal can. II 3Iil]er.
Sectional boiler or heater. A 0 A Baiir and
F [' Johnson.

Self attaching bolt. J II Galkins.

Sewing machine attachment holder. W 11
Parsons.

Sewing machine snap slide J K Hunter.
Sewing sweat hands into hats, machine for.
3V P Gammons, dr.

Shade cord fastener. J 31 Cramjiton.
Sharpening machines, razor holding and ad-
justing device for. G A Worden.

Sheet metal tubes, machine fur making. J
Gould, Jr.

Shoe heading machine. A T Schmiedl.

Slice liolder for nailing machines. G W
Stacy.

Sifter, fionr. D 31cKeiizie.

Signal. W P S'juier,

Skylight. C Bordt.

Sleigh. S E Oviatt.

Slicer or grater, vegetable. H 0 Barlow’.
Smelting furiiaco and refining converter.
C 31 Allen.

Smelting ores. II Lang.

Smoke con.suming furnace. T Dark, Sr.
Soldering machine, canhead. W H Suiylli.
Sold levelingand hurnishinir machim-. E C
Judd.

Sjiade or shovid. P Caldwell, Jr.

Sjiark arrester. K Ringlieim.

Sjioke socket. P Schneider.

Sjiools, niai'liine for dressing half. E IIu1>-
bard.

Stamj) liolder and moistener. G Loomis.
Steam engine. W 0 Churcii.

Steam generator. A W Fiiilays'iii.

Steam or other motive fiuid engine. 3V C
Churcli.

Stool and foot re.st, coiiihined. P C Brow n.
Stop motion. C A Taft.

Storage battery. W A Plillliji.s and J B
Entz.

Store service ajijiaratus. D Lijijiy.

Stove, heating. L S N Wiiglit and C S
Bailey.

Sb've j'ijie elbow machine. A Syversen.
Stove.s, water lieater for gas. L 31 Stone.
Strainer fur tea or coffee pots, jiress. F
Fuiitneau.

Stunij) jmller. A J Larkin.

Surveying instrument. W R Wiiijijile.
Switcli working niechaui'in. R E Bruckels
berg and G G Edwards.

Syringe. G Beck.

Tag machine. W 31 Litth-.

Telephone. E 3' Kolbassieff,

Thrashing macliine feeder. C 31 Tainjuary.
Time alarm, electric. 11 1* Sommer.

Tire marker. 0 F Farwidl.

Tire, wheel, II 31 Devoe.

Tires to wheels, device for fixing pneumatic.
E d 3'aiizelle.

Tobacco, device for sprinkling casing ma-
terial ujion. C L 31arbiirg.

Tdbacco jiipe. C Peterson.

Toe weight. J D Keller.

Toggle Jiress, ilouMe acting. A C Caiiijibell.
Tool, eumliiuatiiiii. GJ Cajiewell
Toy pistol. 33' Dnecliting.

Trimming machine, d 3V Oliver.

Trunk. E L I'orsgren.

Tube drawing device. G G Larson.

Tug, hame. 3V Timmins.

Tyjie writer connt'T. A \ Gearhait.

3':ilve device. C II 3Valters.

3'alve fur condensers, water regulating. 3V
F Garrison.

3’alve, oil. G II Perkins.

3'alve, jiressure regulating, d Nageldinger.
3'cgetalile cutter, d Ruslosnik.

3’t‘hicle. F W Zimmer.

3'elocijied<- bearing. F D Owen.

3'^ertical fine boiler. C Ahrens.

3’ise 2. W E Snediker.

3Vharji fabric. S Spooner.

3Vashing macliine. A Erljur.

3Viri‘ ivel and stietclier. II Frick.

3Vi:ij»jier or envelnjie. P d Ogle.

PATENTS GRANTED MAY 8, '94.

Adding maehiiie. F Sweet.

Areated liijuids, a]'|iaratus for iirodnciiig and
containing. G Hatton.

Air brake aj'jiaratU'. d H O'Hara.

Air I'umj'ressing ajiparatus. 31 Flood.
Anfifrieiioii roil'-r. F 11 Richards.

Arch. 3V O'Brien.

Atomizer. W Eggers.

Augei', earth. F L Ream and 0 F Herbol-
siieinier.

Axle box. T LoCasto.

Baby jiimjier. d A 3V Seaberg.

Bag lock. F E 3\'indsor.

Baiaijer, sjit ing. A Shejiard.

Band tightener. E A (diver.

Banjo. H G 31iddlfbro'>ke.

Batt'-ry jdate, storage. (’ P Eliesoii,
Bearing for connecting rods, adjuslahh*. 3V
and F Brockliauseii.

P)ed bottoni. sjning. L Wildermuth.
Beehive. B Taylor.

Bell, alarm. A H Langdon.

Bevei’age disjieiising ajijiaratus. L and F
Kohout.

Bicycle. R d Gatling.

Bicycle. H F Sheldon

Bicycle clainjiing device. L J Crecelius.

Bicycle step. E A Jones.

Biliiard cue chiilker. G Southwell.

Blow er, pres=-ur<-, G A Sjiung.

Boiler furnace and steam generator. A
P>oyce.

Boiler setting, MHokelcss. d 3\ Bates.

Bolt. 3V C North and S W Sessions.

Book le:if holder. J 3Ieyer.

Buttle, composite. A Diyfuos.

BiMtle stopper, 33’ P Stevens.

B X. S E Hinlhnt.

Brick kiln. C Kralie.

Brick machine- EG Rankin and d Tempest.
Buckle, G. A E McClure.

Buckle. F (t 3Vinkfield.

Buiial casket llower hracket B F Gleason.
Butter mold. 33' Dorsey and J E Brenuei-
sen.

Button. T 3V Crozier.

Button holder. W Lerch.

Cable rej'lacer. d Z Mm'jiliy.

Cable traction, overhead. 3V G Berg.
Calking b.ub with soldering nijijih- or fer-
rule. G 33’ A'oung.

Car brake. E P 31usser.

Car conjiling. E N .Andei'sun.

CarcoujiUng. B Bonnaii.s.

Carcoujding. A R Heath.

Gar conjiling. T Shea.

Car fender. C Bersch.

Car fender. A II Jelly.

Car feinler, safety. G C Schmidt.

Car heater. G 3V Rodgers.

Car life guard, street, d Campbell.

Car motor, electrohydranlic. C K Emery.
Car seat loi king and turning ajcjiaratus. d S
3Vinsur.

Cars, electrical propulsion of railway. J J

IL-i|]|t;ili)i.

(’aiding engine. .J C Poiti-r.

(’iL'h deljv.-riijg d' \ ice. > K Ki-h.

Ca>h regj>t- r. G K C i>k.

(Jhart liange}'. 3V > Gianne r.

Cliild’s or invalid'- rhaii’. I. A < Iii* he-i.-r.
Gliiick, drill. R d Holland.

Cigar tiji cniter. .\ Hoj.kin-.

Clocks, gravity e-capomcui f..r. II G..n;,i,t.
Clothes drier. C K Ga,.,|,('i' and 1' > Darling.
C'loihes line fa-tener, C Bnckwalter,

Goal diill, G H Bittetibej, (]••!•.

(.'oflee jiTjt. 3\’ A Barringlon.

Coffin attachment. C J) >hiude!.

Gotfin liandle. I, i; KregeL
Coil, reactive. H Lenij..

Collar, hoF'e. J Mullen.
Collarshapingaj.jiaralus, lior.-e. A V J»uiia-
van.

Concentrating niaeliine. I Besly.
Condenser. J 31 We-r<*rlin.

(’ooking device. G Kel->^ey.

Cure, casting. < » G Little.

Corn pojiper. L R Hiffner.

Cotton oj.euer dust trunk. T R Marsden.
Cultivator attachment. .J 31ei('i’.

(.'lilt vator, straddle row wheel J 1 H-k .
Cup and ha.sejiiece, coml-ined. H R T t oiiio.
Curling inn. G L Thoinj-soii.

Current transformer, alternating. C S Brad-
ley.

Curtain guide and stoji. 0 C Sawade.
Iterriek. 3\ E 3\‘hitconih.

Desk, adjustable. L Alzert.

IHsh cover. T 3'ork.

Disj>lay device, autoinatie. B J Smith.

Door holt, double. 3V Jolnistoii.

Dredge liucket. A 3\' I.’ohinson.

Driving mechaui.<iii. P Ashberry and W
Barnes.

I>ye. polyazo yellow . JJ Brack.

I>ye, jiolyazo yellowisli. d J Brack.

Dyeing machine. G H Craven,
bljector and mainsjiring iiiecliani.-m. J A
Rosenberg and .1 Hui>t.

Ejector, fluid. N Power.

Electric accumulator or secondary battery.
A d Smith.

Electric eiirrents of high potential, g< neral-
ing and utilizing. G S Bradley.

Electric niotoi's, ojnaating. J S Bancofi.
Electric switcii. J F 3IcKlroy.

Electrolysis. H Ifinmeiiherg. .Ii.
ElectroiuagDetic tool. (.' F ('arjii nter.
Elevator controller. 33' G Smith.

Engine attaehiuent. I) R and V 31 Wo'-d
sum.

Entrails, machine for i n
H Reyels and F Elicit
Envelujie. S 3\’liyhrew
Envelojie and stationi'iy case. N lleli r
Excavator, d Oie.

Exhiliiting device, automatic. B d Smith
Exhibitor, w indow shade. J Sturgi.-.

Fan. 31 Riihin,

P’astening device. B S Hoyt.

Faucet. 33’ .1 ( )>wald.

Faucet attachment. J Bolgiano.

Faucet, can. 33’ A James.

Fence O E Churchill and (’ 33' Bninetl.
Fein iiiacliiue, wire. A .1 Forsytlie.

Fence, metal. G D Hamilton.

Fence po>r base. J H Goojier.

File, letter or hill. G 11 Dietz.

Filter. F Bominarins.

Filter. C E Gliamherland.

Fire alarin transmitter, elei tric. A lnini.'?!i .
Fire escajie. D N 3IcLeod,

Fireescajie. CA Stnrtevaiit.

Fire eseajie ladder. 3V iiKllis.

Fish hook. H S Golf and A B Judkins.
Flush tank, automatically acting. B \\ il-
liams.

Flushing tank, d 3Ialoney. Jr.

Folding table. E G Ghormann.

Fruit j'ii ker. B .3 3\'right.

Furnace.'-', construction of jiuddliiigor otlier.
d L Smith.

Furnaces, promoting combustion in, J B
l>avids.

Gage for bias cutters. N Steen.

Galvanic battery. G 33' A Hertel.
Gamel-ioanl. .1 B Davids.

Game or ainu'enieiit. d B Davids.

Garment, body. F 33’ 3\'ariier.

Gas burning furnace for steam boilers. G E
Belmor.

Gasket. T Saunders.

Gear, bevel. G B Grant.

Gold washer. H 33’ 3hudock.

Governor. A J Pierce.

Governor, automatic. 33’ Cooke.

Grease traji. I HefIVon.

Grille work, uniameiital. F 31 Carr.

Guns, safety brcecli lock for. J B G A Ca-
net.

Harrow, riding. 33' F Cochran.

Harvesting machine kiiotter. J F Steward,
lieater. d F Adams.

Heating aj'jiaratns, oil vapor. E Strauss.
Hinge for steji ladders. Ac. d and C Koelib r.
Hoist, jineuniatie. H c-chweim.

Holdliack- D 33’arner.

Hook and eye. F Meyers ami 31 Slovekeii.
Hooji dressing machine. II F Camjihell.
Horse shoe, sectional. E Hoghin.

Hose conjiling liaiid, adjustable. E R .3r-
thur.

Hydrant. R A Brooks.

Hydiocarboii burner E Betz.

Hydrocarbon burner. T K Niek<-rsen.
Hydrocarbon lairner. R Reid.

Ice, manufacture of artificial. R 31 Taylor.
Index. F P Sweitzer.

Insect jHiwdcr distributer. SE Hotchkiss.

Ironing board, d Y 3Iuore.

deist Cl owning machine. E d Randall.

Keg or analogous jiackage. V II 33 aite.

Kiln fir baking bricks, tiles, pottcrv, Ax. T
T Polivka.

Knitting machine, stoji off motion. E Cham-
bers and T Doud.

1^6

THE TXV

Lamp carbon holder, arc. L Laveus.

T>:inip, miner'?. W P MclNIasters.

rotable signal. T W Lressel.
T>antern, hurricane. W Liglibody.

Le", artificial. W U Honsuckle.

Letter box. S A GrofT.

T.iuhting impleiiH'iit. W II Shepard.

Liquid containing an<l discharging device.

A H ami T A Schluet«'r.

!a>ck kf'.v attaclinieiit. .1 F von irnnefekl.
I.i'coniotivc boiler. L L Barnes.

Locomotive, compoimd. C .1 M' llin.
l.ooin Jac<iuard attachiijent, S Bciitb'y.
Lul>ricat«ir. W A S( iliel.

Ijimber drying apparatus. G T Schult/e.
iM'-asuring instrument, distan'-c. .1 L P.utbrd.
Metal, electnab'positioii of. H Tliofelun.
.Miciometer gage. II McBride.

IM ixer or beater. A CAIitchell.

Mollis, apparatus for forming sand. 11
Kichtei-.

lilop or brush bolder. A P Granger.

Mortar, producing livdraulic. C Bloemeu-
dal.

IMortisiiig machine. J Holmes and K Peter-
sen.

Mower sharpener, lawn. I Adams and J H
Ho.xwelL

l\ln^ical instrument tail jdece. K L Turner.
.Ni'cUtie fastener. (’ 3IcXeiI.

Nut, axle. .1 S Heat' and '1' K Stewart,
ndonieter. adjustable. T Schroeder.

Oil from Cotton seed, apparatus for extract-
ing. W T Forbes.

oil storing and feeding apparatus. L C
Snell.

Ore roasting furnace, H F Brown.

Hr -, utilizing iron, d Keese.

Organ, reed. J Trainer.

( >r2aiis, juitoinatic cmijiler for pneumatic. J
V Pilcher.

Oven shelves, device for operating. F Ka-
empen. d r.

Overcoat. B F Gassaway.

Overshoe attachmetjt. A d Barber.

< ixygeii. ajjparatus for makitjg. F laiita.
Pai’king, metallic. P \\ illaiis.

Pan lifrer. ’NV Ileis'^e.

Pantaloons protect ‘V. L I> dom s.

Paper liag. L Thompson.

Paper hag machine, ‘J. W B Purvis,

Paper box. U Gair.

Paper box blanks, machine for bending. C

Gay.

Paper hi.ix machine. < ’ \\ Gay.

Paper foMing or i-laiting inachim*. AV L
A Men.

P.iper, method of ami nnichiiie for feeding.
K S < Kler.

I’api r roll holder, (’ H Paine and X S Iloft-
niaii.

Paper vessels, fastening deviec for. W Fog-
lesoiig.

Pleuiograi'li. S I) McKelvey.

Pliosjiliate rock, apparatus for tn-atiiig. H
L Kosi*.

Photographic plate, 2. T C Roche.

Pianoforte repeating me'dianisiii. 11 i\Iau-
rer.

Pianos or organs, wrist snpijoiling hand
guide for. tJ Heinrich.

Pill machine. A <1 Brown.

Pipe, device for tilling j ints of nudal. J F
< ileason .

Ihpc fitlitig ani»aratus. d W ('ooney.
l'i|)e haiig'-r. A Bryant.

Plaster, composition ot Jiiatter lor. d 1)
p! eston.

I’lug strip, mnltiple. II G Ronmls,

Pottery, ma' hiiie for lorming oval war'-. A
Low r \ .

powder holding and didiveriiig de\icc. d C
i\I ichard.

Priiiti iig press, muUictdor, 2. W G Weiidte.
Piillec. I* Gitiiy iighani and W R Gibbons.
Pulley, separable. A (' Hodge.

Pulverizing manure. .1 FHaygood and d 11
Ri lach.

Pump governor, teed. J Thomas.

Pump, hand, d Glurk.

I’nm[> njotor. L II Lloyd.

Pump rods, brace and guide for windmill. A
S Tragetlioii.

I’uuchiiig tool. F I’ Brooks.

Lbiill stripp ciiting machine. E P>lutclieii.
Racking apparatus, beer. H Ton liiaiii.
Racking beer, method of ami appaiatns tor.
A Werner.

Railway brake operating' a[)paratus. R A
Kiskaddeii.

Railway, conduit cleetric. d F Cook.
Railway, contracting <levice bT ch'cti ic. 1)
F tiraham and W P .Vilen.

Railway frog !» Horrie.

Railway spike. G W Thompson.

Railway switch. C F Wilson.

Railway vehicle .'•kid. d ILirthelmess.

Ramie or oth'-r hhrons growths, apparatus
fur treating. W' T Forbes.

Ramie treating apparatus. W T Forbes.
Razor, safety. E IjScliinitz.

Razor stroji comi)osition. d Hessid.
Retlector, adjustable. P A Paas' li.
Refrigerator ice rack. F E Ratiney.

Rein support. K W (.’raiiie.

Robe holder. F E Woodriilt.

Rolling angle hais, machine for. A L Haiii-
niarherg and A Berglof.

Rule, plumb. F Holt.

Safety ai)paratus. H K Whitner.

Sasli fistener. d F 31iltonberger, J S Wy-
nant and C Scliott.

Sash fastener, window. R Kiiscli.

Sish holder. C Koenemanu.

Sash, window. S Fuchs.

Saw set. W H IMiller.

Saw-set. C Whitus and d W Wilks.

Saw, stone. Litcliford.

Sawtooth, insertihle iliami'iid. R Marriuart.
Scales, pivot bearing for platform. E Tan-
newitz.

Screw making machines, device for separ-
ating turnings from fiu.shed screws in. J
A Bidwell.

Seaming sheet metal cans, mechanism for.
d A Steward.

Seed delinting machine, cotton. J H Mc-
Cormick.

Self waiting table, R Hogg.

Sewing machine, d T .Tone.?.

Sewing machine shuttle cop holder. J T

Jone.5.

Sewing machine thread gripping mechanism.
W A Mack.

Shade fixture, window. H II Smiley.

Sheet metal Hanging machine. J Carroll.

Sheet meUtI stamping machine. L L Sagen-
dorph.

Shipping case. J M Leaver and E .J Vance.

Shii'.s, form of. A Foerste.

Shoe. B Scarinci.

Miot s])reader. II EWinans.

Shovels, spades, ifcc., attaihment for. T
Walsh.

Skins, proces.? of and apparatus for unhair-
ing. r L Puech.

Sled jiropcdler. 0 H C Voigt.

Smoke consuming furnace. 31 Fulton.

Smokeless furnace and stoker. J E Sclilie-
jier and d H Harrison.

Snap hook. C B Bristol.

Soda ajiparatus, automatic lieat regulator for
hot. d W Tufts ami W Heliuer.

Soda fountain, 2. T C PHley.

Spark arre.ster. A Hasper.

Speculum. M Wertheimer.

Si»i lining and doubling maclii n05, spindle and
support for. d Hargreaves.

Spinning machinery. E K Baker.

Spool support. T (J Bill.

Staple, roller. () P Seriver.

Steam boiler. T .V 3Iarriott.

Steam boiler or hot water lieater. A Boyce.

Steam engine. H 3! 31cCall.

Stone and ore crusher. < ' G Collins.

Sto]' motion. S B Westcott.

Stove for heating street cars. 31 K Bowen.

Straw stacker. J W Ni-thery.

Straw staekers, deflector for pneumatic. F
F Landi.s.

Straw stackers, mouthpiece for pneumatic.
F F Landis.

Taj' for drawing liquids from cask. P C
Leiili<'h.

Target trap, self feeding. H W Ticlieiior.

Telegrapliic or telephonie transmission, ap-
paiatiis for. 31 1 Pu]iiri.

Telegraidiic, telephonic, or fdher elei trb al
systems, transformer for. 31 I Pupin.

T'-mperature annunciator, electrical. E

Kloss.

Tension regulator, auL-matie. W A Power.

'I'liill coupling, d E Fisher.

Thill Coupling, y V Ziegler.

Tlira.'hiiig machine, A 31 Lockhart.

Tire, lii- yele. d d <1 Smith.

Ti'bai'co easing machines, spraying device
for. d c Frost.

Toliareo, machine for preparing and casing.

( • L Marburg.

'rohaei o pipe. AJ Pugh.

Tombs, mold for concrete burial, W W
Ri-eves.

Tool, combination. T Harris.

Tool for carriages, comhinutioii, J A Rior-
dan.

Towel rack. STAxtell.

'I'oy hank. B R Reynohls.

'Lracr cutting and trininiing machine. II A
Bodge mni W T Kicliards.

Transplanting machine. A W Stephens :uid
LB Swart.

Transportable elevator for gomls. B Bart
and T R Parker.

'J'oi’ar ami emhalmiiig needle, combined. L
t ' K regel.

Trolley tracks, switch for overhead. C G
Seiiniidt.

Tndlev wire crossing. E H Allen.

Trolley wire hanger. A BCrounce ami C A
Rutledge.

'I’rolloy wire hanger. <' F Strashurg.

Trunk. 1> l)icken>on.

Tuink attachment. C W Clifton.

Trunk .-tiap fastener. P 31undry aad 11
l’( iinlier.

'ruhiilar metallic ])ost. W and 0 Andrew.

Type writing machine. W Clark.

'I'ype w riting machiue. G \j Rawdon.

Tyiiographic machine. E Werner.

Tvpograpliic machine and attachment. E
Werner.

Urinal, ventilated. F P Smith.

'Valve, air and gas meter. J Sherman.

Valve for air hrake.s, triiijdc. II 31 Lofton.

Valviq hydraulic, 2. E S 31ath<‘ws.

A alve rod, slide, d II Shepheard.

Valve, tlirottle, B Clark.

A'ehicle wheel. II X Parker.

Vehieles, elastic storm apron for. AV 31
Blanchard.

A'eniliiig machine. F G Bietericlr

A’l-mling machimq coin controlled. A Keith,
d 1* Tiirell, and d W Willanl.

A’oting machine. AV 31 Cutter.

AVagon, dumping, d A Klees.

AVater c'dumn, safety. H Engel.

AN ater heater, gas. S Stewart.

AVater wheel governor, electrical. E P AVet-
nn u'e.

W<ddiiig niiichino, electric. 11 Lemp and (•
<1 Anderson.

AVell casing rig, oil. C C Stover.

AVell drilling aiqiaratus. S .V Horton,

AVell or eisterii cleaner, d 3Iiller, Sr.

AVimling engine. II L Reynolds and H AV
Ketchnm.

AVimlimlL d AVallace.

Window frame sash. 31 E Knight and A B
Harrington.

AVindow' screen. A Thomas.

AVire harldng machine. J Kilmer.

AViro stretcliing machiue. W A Laml)crt.

Wool washing machine. W and A AV Black-
burn.

PATENTS GRANTED MAY 15, '94.

Adding machine. A B Lennox.

Anvil vi.se attachment. A F Reed.

Autographic register, d A Marsh.

Awning lifter. 0 II Thonqison.

Axle, ( arriage. C H Palmer.

Bagatelle table. AV R Fearn.

Band cutter and feeder. P Linsclieid.

Bandage for varicose veins. A Scliutz and
A Landerer.

Bank or money changer, automatic. II F
Slocum.

Bath sprinkler, detachable. J H Stevens, Jr.

Bearing, roller. F Mossberg.

Beer condensing and bottle filling appar-

atus. GAA’ Farrell.

Beer cooler. H Hahn.

Bell, signal. AV S Adams.

Bicycle. C E Wliitaker.

Bicycle brake. E S Sill.

Bicycle brake mechanism. AV H Biuns.
Bicycle frame, L 31 AVainwright,

Bicycle gear. E .T Swedlund.

Blower, fire. T 0 Payne.

Boiler. 0 C Bavis.

Boiler feeder. P Hellmich.

Boiler furnace. AV Brand.

Book hackitig maclnno. A L Garver.

Book, check, receii't, or other stub. H Loe-
wenbach.

Boot tree. G H Stei'hens.

Bottle closing device. R A AVittemann.
Bottle or can case, d H Xellis.

Bottle stopper. P 31 T Iinhaud.

Bottle stopper, (.’and B Schramm.

ITake mechanism, hydraulic. J Keller.
Brick niacliine. .1 1> Pace.

Brush. A AV ILihn.

Briish binder, paint, T AV Frost.

Bubhles, composition for blowing soap. E E
31cX’aughton.

Bucket hoisting and tripping apparatus. AV
E Ludlow.

Buckle. (’ R Harris.

Ihickle fastener, W B II Bowse.

Bundle carrier. AV AV Burson.

Butter extractor, i-entrifugal. G 31 Ander-
son.

Button, AV S (loilfrey.

Buttons to garments, machine for attaching.
B A Carpenter.

Calculating machine. J A Sewell.

Car brake. Iv (J Fieke.

Car coupling T P Carroll.

Car cou[diiig. G AV Bickey and T .V Hard-
ing.

Car coujding. T dnhnstoii.

Car conj»ling, 2 . R F Ludlow'.

Car coujding. d AV TTnruh.

Car fender, street railway. J B Bailey.

Car sainling ih-vice. I 3Iowder.

Car provided with fenders. A 11 Jelly.
Carding engines, apjiaratus for controlling
the grinding of flats of. d E Pre,st.
Carving inacliines, frame for sui)porting pat-
terns and material for. C S A'arnelL
Casli register and indicator. AV T 3IcGraw.
(,'asket iiaiidle, detachable. 2. LH Bannister.
Centrifugal macliine. H ESinilh.

Cheekrein looju 31 d Clark.

Chimney cowl. .7 A Ilodel.

Churn. AV H Thomas.

Clav product marhines. die or muhl fur. AV
AV A\'allace.

rintlies jiin. German.

Clutch. S P Babcock.

Clutch, friction. TA Hayes

Coal dust firing ap])aratus. (' Wegener.

Coin controlled machine. AV 31 Buckt-r.
Compression joint. C S Bavier.

Conveying and automatirally delivering
small articles, ajq»a,ratus for. A Muller.
Coj)y guid(‘. W Buclieinin.

Corn liusker. J P Schnrkens.

Cover, dinner pail. H E Bunliam.

Cultivator or secil planter. L Kirlin.

Curtain rod. AV H Ed.sall.

Curtain roller. F and C Otto.

Bental chair, A AV Btuwne.

Bie stock or bidder, AV B Putnam.

Bish drainer. 31 Reid.

Bisinfectant cup. AV L Gerard,

Boor indicator. H B Diamond,

Draft equalizer. B 31 Le Grande.

T)rier. A Blatchly.
iTum. 0 Koeth.

Bust arrester. 11 A Hueftnerand T< Lash.
Bye, blue, d Schmid and .1 Baelielut.
Dynamo, constant current. AV 11 Elkins.
Ear for buckets. Ac. 31 F Robeson.
EcravSeur. (i W Teufel.

Ejector, water, d H 3IcGowa!i.

Elastic fabric. G ( ! Moore.

Electric indicator. AV E Garev.

Electrically governed switch. E H E Klatte
Electricity generated by means of wind
power, device for regulating. T AAVillard.
Elevator. AV Baldwin.

Elevator safety device. G C Howard.
Ellijisograjd!. AV Lehner.

Embossing machine. F AV 3Taley.
Eiiaiueling sheet metal arid compound tlicrc-
for. H B (piinhy.

Engines, reversible eccentric for. B AV
Kellogg, (n-isssue).

Envelope. W H Eldridge.

Envelope. G H 3Iartin.

Evajiuratiug ajtparatns. Td Rayiier.
E.veglass holder. T King.

Fare indicator for cabs. <► Sclmcider.
Fastener, adjustable. J A Bovyer.

Fat, coiiiiioiind edible. A AV AVinter.

Faucet, beer. G A F Stretilicr.

Feeding and watering live stuck, device for.

A 0 Wincli
Fence. B B Frisbee.

Fence. B H Talbert.

F' lice, wire, d AV Buchanan.

Fence, wire. E L Schanck.

Fence wire tightening device. II Buck.
Fences, tool for building wire. L C High-
smith.

File holder. J Roust.

Firejin.iof curtain for elevator shaft. E F
Clarke.

Fires, j'rocess of and compound for extin-
guishing. A C Schumacher.

Fires from houses, apparatus for exjielling.

R F Lotsjieicli.

Fly traj). AV Thomae.

Fork attachment. E S Lane.

Fruit clipper. T K Godhey.

Fruit Stoner, d Boeri.

Furnace grate. AV R Roney and 0 A
Stranahan.

Furniture, combination. E L Still.
Furniture, folding. S Aufreclit.

Game apparatus, bubble. E E 3IcXaugliton.
Garment hanger. N Xeilen.

Gas burner for heatei-s. A T AVelcli.

Gas engine. I> C Luce.

Gas engine. II Sw^ain.

Giis holder tank. F 3Iayer.

Gas regulator. T G Lewis.

Gate. AVJ Slack.

Glue pot, steam heated. F N Hastings.
Governor. G J Altbam.

Governor, steam engine. J P Bevoissaud.

Greenhouse, II E Hall.

Grinding machine. R II Grant.

Gun mounting. B Adamson.

Hair from the skin, composition for 'remov-
ing. J Mellinger.

Hammock support or tent frame. AV S
AAmng.

Harrow. J C Johnson.

Harrow, macliine fur sharpening roller disk.
T Ellison.

Harvester, corn. H C’laar.

Hats by means of wire staples, machine for
attacliing sweat leather and bands to. F
W Coojier.

Hay frame brake. F H Uoeh.

Herd stiffener machine. AV J Young,

Hinge, sjiring. R Briiulle.

Hitcliing device. J P 31uth.

Hoof boot and pad. AV Sidehotham.

Hose coujiling. S 31 Beery.

Hull, wheel 2. J AV Cloud.

In.seam trimming machine, A P Ilanscom
and A U Spencer.

Iron, refining. A E Barton and G B 31c-
Cormack.

Ironing machine. II E Smith.

Jointer guard, automatic. C A Daly.

Kiln for huniing earthenware. AV H R
Kunstman.

Kneader and mixer, dough. 11 31 Shafl'er.

Knee jirotector A L Bull.

Lacing stud fastemr. P A Raymou<l.

Lacing studs, jirocess of and device for at-
taching. P A Raymond.

Lamj) 4. E F Trent.

Tiaiiij) burner. L A 3Iilhank.

Lamp, electric arc. J F Kester.

J.amj), electric arc. AV 3lathieseii.

Lasting machiue. J Blakey.

Lasting tool, hand. I Frechette.

Lathe, screw' cutting engine. AV P Norton.

Lathing, metallic. G Hayes.

Lead salts from native ore, obtaining. A G
Fidl.

Leaf turner. L Swindle.

Leather skiving machines, circular knife for.
A J Tewksbury.

Light concentrator for dentists, surgeons, or
others. W II Thrift.

Lightingsystein, alternating current arc. T
iSpencor.

Tdqiiid mixer. J B Tliio.<.

Loading ajijiaratus. HX < ’ari'ciiter.

Loading machine. Dirt. .1 M Younger.

Louin, iSwivid. H and P B WesteihoH.

Looms, shuttle ojierafing mecliaiiism for
narrow ware. A AVcimar.

ALigiietic engine for reciprocating tools. II
S McKay.

31iips, Ac., revolving holder for. A B Fietz.

Alatcli .site. A Haiis'*n.

3lcdicine, time indicator for taking. 0
Kittman n.

3letal >haping and jilaning machine, revers-
ing mechanism for. A F ('liamjilin.

3let:il strijis, machine for cutting and tinisli-
ing. T Bramlt.

3letallurgic furnace, .T Butler.

3Iilk. method of and apparatus fur preserv-
ing condensed. F B Smith.

3IiniugtooL M Hardsoeg.

Mop head. H F Low.

31otion, eh-ctric inechani.sm for giving re-
ciprocating. 11 S 3IcKay.

3L>tois, liaiid regulator or switch for. E E
Keller.

3Iotors, method of and means for starting
sym liroiious. B G Lamme.

3lowcr, lawn. S P Gialiam.

Musical instrument. 11 Langfelder.

3iusical instrument. F A Richter.

31nsical in.strumeut, stringed. II E Wur-
lit/.er.

Nail or spike, d Floyd.

Nozzle, steam jet. L Schutte.

Obstetrical apron. W .lacksoii.

()il burner. C 0 Baldwin.

Ol e concentrating aiijiaratus. AV L and F S
('ard.

(.>res, refining. A E Barton and G B 3Ic-
Gormack.

< )rgan. d Polukanis.

Package for containing ices, A'C., lienneti-
cally sealeil. (' li l>exter,

Pajier bags, making. AV A Lorenz and E E
< 'laiisseii.

Parer, vegetable. A 31 3Iundell.

Patterns, method of and apjiaratus for mark-
ing. L Schaefer.

Pavement oruanientiug device, 31 3laurer.

Paving block, d L Pojie.

Pedal. A Perkins.

Pell. A 31 Henry.

Photograph apjiaratiis. Coin-controlled. .J
A Parsons.

Pliotograjihic vignetter. d B AValker.

Piano muffler. UH nolliuan.

Piano or organ, upright. W T Smith.

Planing machines, ferd roller for wood. AA'
N Sawyer.

Plant setter. H 31 Hodson.

IManter, seed. L B Benner.

Plaquets of india ruhlier, &c., forming tubu-
lar. AV Barr, dr., and B. McKay.

Plow iron clamji. AV A Clark.

Pneumatic disjiatch tulie gate. S F Leake.

Pneumatic disjiatch tube system. S F
Leake.

PidxC, animal. F Fisher.

Pot nr kettle. E Gerber.

Powder distributer. C H Leggett.

I’ow iler. manufacture of smokeless. F G du
Pont.

Powdering jdates, &c., machine for. B
Baugh.

Printing and dividing endless lengtlis of
jiajier, machine for. C E Preusse.

Printing machine for copjier or steel plates,
d Lariviere.

Printing machine, rotating letter press. F X
Ilolzle.

Propeller, pneumatic. L H 3Iayer.

Pulley block. A AV Browne.

Pumj> and motor therefor. AT AVelch.

Pump, direct acting steam. F A Burnham.

Pump valve, steam actuated, d T Hayden.

Pumping apparatus, portable. B Noble.

Punching bags, apparatus for sustaining. J
P 3IacLearn.

Pui-se or coin receptacle. A Goertz,

Puzzle. H L Cassard.

Rail joint. E P Caldwell.

Rails, bars, Ac., imjdement for straighten-
ing. A 3Ieuser.

Railway rails, substructure for. J M Price.
Rnilway signal, electric. F Beattie.
Railway .“signal, electric. R 31 Strong and
C F Reed.

Railway switcli, city. J Shutt.

Railway system, electric. D 3rason.
Railways, contrivance for diminishing the
<\anger to foot passengers from street. F
dernetz and F..leniczek.

Rake. A R Dickinson.

Ram or engine, hydraulic. AV A Rife.
Refrigerating machine. J E 3lcLanghlin.
Refrigerator. R Hirsh.

Releasing device. H Lahaiin.

Revolvers, cylinder pin catcli for. J Rourke.
Revolving chair d 31 3Iorgan.

Riffle, flume. S A Baggs.

Riveting machine. JJ Unhehend.

Sa.^h balance. I> Sinks.

Sash balance. J d Totman.

Sash fastener, d F Bavis.

Satchel or hag. d Limhacher.

Saw claniit, circular. C C Newton.

Saw' grinding machine. C C New ton.
Scraper. H G Butler.

Screw' driver. A 31 al lock.

Screw’ jiress. F 3Iossberg.

Seeder and j)lauter. d Camjibell.

Sewing machine presser foot. R G AVood-
Avaid.

Sew ing machines, end cap for cylinder. E
C Holland.

Shade fixture, window. F 31 AVilkinson.
Shades or curtains, attachment for adjusting
window. L A'ancey.

Shaft support, fluid pressure. W Harrison.
Slicing machine. A and A Iske.

Smoke consuming furnace. J 31 Thomas.
Siiow’ plow'. H H Kryger.

Spark catcher, d F Christand.

Sjiinning spindles, device for jilumbing top
rail, d I’ Kelly.

Splint cutter. F S Banineister.

Spring seat. F H Homan.

Sprinkler liead, automatic. U Pietce.
Sprocket wlieel. 0 Timin.

Steam engine. A N Ogle and C 31 3Iagun-
son .

Steam engine. S and C L Torrey.

Steam engine, quick si>e<*d. d P Bevois-
sau<l.

Steam I'ressure gage, d F McElroy.

Steam sliovid. G Holmes.

Stove. G G Free.

Stove and heater, combined. F K Wilcox
aiid 0 E A'ail.

Stump extractor, d H Rouse.

Surface gage. 0 C L Ekmau.

Swage. G A 3Iette.

Sw itch and signal ojierating mechanism. N
Rati'hfurd.

Telpjdione circuit. C E Scribner.

Tliill coupling. G A Croshaw.

Tile mai hine. W H Pride
Tire, l»icycle. Gd Spoflord.

Tire, vehicle wheel. G S Wehh.

Tires to wheels, device for attaching pneu-
matic. L H I3i unemeyer.

Tongs. Ac., adjustable. Z S and 31 C Ran-
dleman.

Tools, machine for manufacturing relieved
formed revolving. J G Reinecker.

Toy. E Beilis.

Trolley wln-i-1. A' Cruser.

Truck, car. L AVarfleld.

Truss. E E Booniliow’er.

Turning hoiihins, spools Ac., machine for
autoniatirally. d 31 Parker.

A'alve mechanism for air brakes, quick
action. T d Hogan.

A'alve, steam actuated, d B Gorrell.

A'alve, steam actuated. GL Weller.
A'anillin, making, d Bertram.

A'ajior burner. G AV Billings.

A’apor I'urner. E J Nichols.

A'eijicle shifting seat. (J (Miradley and T
Faiilder.

A’ehicle, child’s seat for. T B Padgitt.
A'iolin iiad. E llagenow'.

AVagon brake. G 31 3IcLauglilin and C E
Cooley.

AVatchcase spring. E A Remick and P
Fleck.

AVater closet. J II Stevens, .Ir.

AVater gage guard. J A a^d d Hopkinson.
Water sji' inkler. H B Everest.

AVcigher, automatic grain. li C Glittery.
AVeighing device, automatic grain. J Gra-
liam.

AVelding apjiaratiis. C L Row land.

AViieel. E Fox.

AVick, lamp, d T Murray.

AViud engine. AV 11 Stewart.

AVire bending machine. F B Griswold.
AVire reeler. G E Dixon.

PATENTS GRANTED MAY 22, ’94

Adjustable wrench. JT Trench.
AdvertiMiig or signaling apparatus, electric.
G L Schneider.

Air brake, automatic. J P Brow'n.

Air cooling and dryingapparatus. AV Alsop
and W Blackall.

Alarm register, automatic. C C Fields.
Anchor. B Clark.

Animal gun trap. G E Landis.

Animal releasing device. .1 S Edmonds.
Animal shears. 0 M Palmer.

Annunciating apparatus, electric. H E
AValter.

Armature coils, former for winding. H L
Kirker and AV Chambers.

Axle box. R Hyde.

Back band hook. A\' 31 Hawkins.

Bag fastener. H Engle.

Barrel or cask rack. F A AA’arner,

Bed, folding. A F Robinson and A B Dodge
Bed spring. L AVildermuth.

Beer pressure apparatus. R D Schroeder.
Bicycle. S A Grant.

Bicycle mud guard. R 0 Rudy.

Blank, freight. C P Clark, Jr.

Boiler cleaner. J N Barnum,

Bolt. A Adams

Bolt threading machine. C F AVieland.
Book cover. W Thompson,

THE TXV

'ITI:

^CE.

1 -- J

Bottle. W Baiu] W 11 Kan'l.

Bricks, manufacturing porous. II Maurer.
Briilge si>;ijal. J E Zimmerniaii.

Bru>li, fountain. II Ott.

Bin kle 3. A E iMcClure.

Buckles, clinch back for suspeiuler. G E

Adams.

Building Mock. P A Cuenot.

Bung and busliiug. G II ^derrick.

Bushing and faucet, luirrel. G H Merrick.
Bushing, barrel. G 11 Merrick
Butter extractor, centrifugal '1. G 31 An-
derson.

Button, separable. J Bodriguez.
Calculating machines, mechanical move-
ment for. L Elulich,

Cane transferring device, sugar. A Sanchez.
Car brake. T JI Allen.

Car cou[iling 2. F 31 Coombs.

Car coupling. S P Nelson.

Car cou[)ling. J A Boosevelt.

Car fender. B Cnui and W von 3Iunch-
hansen.

Car fender. W .1 Kau.

Car fender, railway. .1 W T Gilliam.

Car fender, safety. F I Clark.

Car safety attaclimeiit, street. H .V Ilowe.
Car sand boxes, electric heater for. .1 31
Christopher.

Car starter and brake. 11 Clegg.

Cars at intersecting points, tran.'ferring ca-
ble. .1 Kratz.

Cars, shipi)iiig rack and frame for. W R
Phillip.^.

Carbon switcli. F von Ilefner-Alteneck.
Carding engines, machine for applying card
clothing to flats of. R \V Ilunton.

Cash register and indicator. 31 ili-int/.

Ca.'k rolling machine. L P Jv lleyligenstaedt.
Castings, manufactured ^teeI. ^ P Hutchin-
son.

Catamenial sack. E C Ilornor.

Chain, drive. II 8 Hart.

Channeling machine. H II .Arnold.

Chenille, manufacturing. E Cattlow.

Churn. W T Smallwood.

Cigar case. C N Swift.

Cigar lighter. E T Turney.

Cigar moistening device. C 31 Garfield.
Cigar vending machine. A II Randall, Jr.
Clcn-is. W B IIull.

Clock striking mechanism, electric. F Tj
Gregory.

Clutch, friction, A Harvey.

Coal conveyer. H L Carstein.

C'otlee pot. J S Dunlap.

Colnniu or pile, metallic. R Gray.
Commutator. C Huffman.

Convertible chair, C N WAuison and I) W
Palmer.

Cooker. 31 Finklestein.

Corn stubble cutter. S L 3Iason.

Cotton, apparatus for tlie treatuient of. F
Zedler.

Cotton openers, Ac., evening mechanism for.

J C Putter.

Cowl. C W .1 3rartens.

Crank, variable. C H Davids.

Crimping machine. C Wagner.

Curb ami pavement. P W Reardon.

Cut out and cord ailjuster, coinhined. E D

Knaii.

Cutter blade clami>. W R Fee.

Cutter head, rotary. <d C Goodyear.

Damper, stove pipe. 31 Redlinger and C
3lorgaii.

t>ashboard and fender, vehicle. A F Blease.
l>ental appliance. Z Hand.

Desk and seat, school. C T .\mmon.
Idiaiiiond, glazier’s. P Siiisz.

Disk, inde.xed. A .1 Wills.

Dour. R \Veidaiier.

Door, flexible. H X II Eugrin.

Door, tlexible. A S Spaulding.

I>oor spring. .1 L Wilson.

Doois, Ac , tnu k or carrier foJ‘. G E Witt.
Draft equalizer. S I Larkin<.

D'ainage system. P Scanlon.

Draw bar. 31 31 Suppes.

Dredges, hopper and valve for hopper. A G
Lyster.

Drilling machine. A Godilard.

I>riUing machines, portable. W J 3IcGehe,

Earthenware vessels, die for the inanufact-
nie of. N W Boch.

Egg preserving cjise. J II Bowley.

Electric arc lighting system. D Higham.

Electric battery. W W Burnham.

Electric current indicator. .1 J Woi)d.

Electric macliine or electric motor, dvnamo.
K K Welch.'

Electric machine or motors, brush holder
for dynamo. A L Biker.

Electric motors and replacing same, auto-
matic device for removing resistances in
starting. GH N\ hiltingliam.

Electric motors, pedal governor for. A G
3lclvee.

Eh'ctric traction apparatus. P Schoop.

Electric s\'itch. II K Werline.

Electiic api)aratus, coin controlled. J 0
Fri.»st.

Electrical contact mechanism. J F Blake.

Electrical conversion and <listribution, sys-
tem of. T II Hicks.

Electrolytic cell. T LTaney.

Elevator. J C Eux. '

Elevator gate safety device. A C Beards-
worth.

Elevator safety device. L S Graves.

.Euveloi'e machitie. H D and W D Swift.

Eyeglasses. G W Bennuiii and .1 L31cKim.

Feed water heater and puritier. C W 3Ic-
Daniel.

Feed water lieater and purifier. W Shed-
lock.

Fence. G II Perkins.

Fence macliine, wire and slat. A W Lane.

Fence posts, machine for making metallic.
31 H Baer.

Fence wire tiglitener. L J 31iclmels.

Filter. H S Iflackmore.

Fire alarm. E A Wright.

Fire alarm or other purposes, indicator for.
W H Kirnaii.

Fire curtain or fire barrier. G W Putnam.

Fish refuse, apparatus for drying. D F and
W E Overtoil,

Fisherman’s appliance. C Hirschmanu.

Fishing rod support. J 31 Finch.

Folding box. S F ^hernlan

Foot guard. J H Bluinshiold.

Forcing iiiachiue, nut. S H Markham.

Furnace. R Bow.

Furnace. G 31 Conway.

Furnace. J Hiristin (Reissue).

Furnace. I D Smea I.

Fuse box, multiple electric. E A Parson.

Galvanic battery. E F Northrup.

Garbage cremating furnare. J F Chazotte.

Garment stand. (.► Borchert.

Gas burner. G Heidel.

Gas from li<piid by products, apparatus for
separating. J A Ifixon.

Gas, process of and apjtaratus for the manu-
facture of. F B Johnson, W P Hall, W
Oakley and C F Currey.

Gases, apparatus for treating substances with.

J J 3Ielville.

Gate or door. G L Florence.

Gear wheels, die for the manufacture of
crown. J Thomson.

Gearing, reversing and contrulliLg. G E
Hoyt.

Glass and <lccorating same, decorated. A
Steffin.

Glass batch, apparatus for coiiipnuudiiig and
mixing. R l>ralle.

Governor, electrical. W II 3Jiiier.

Grain cleaner. ,1 G Plowman «nd H E Kit-
tell.

Grinding mill. I£ S .\tkius.

Haller. C G Sheriff.

Haine. .J J McCarthy.

Harrow. C Wehrenherg.

Harvester, berry. E Horton

Harvester, ettou. B Gause.

Harvester, grain binding. E F Wells.

Hat packing ring. S T Newman.

Hat setting anrl Hanging machine. G Roth.

Hay loader. E B Keith.

Hay loailer. A 31 Id velsherger.

Hay rake, fi D Lamm.

Hay ri' ker or loader. L Courtright,

Horse boot. W Temple.

Horse detacher. J J Kick and L Larson.

Horses, ilevice for stopping runaway. C
Jagelifz.

H "Se clamp. J C Ikirreft.

Hydraulic elevator. E S 3Iatthews.

Incub;itor. S f) Duncan.

Index, ledger. T A Fren.

Insulator. F 31 Locke.

Ironing table. J Gr'-en.

Jigs, plunger worker for concentrating. 0
Abeling.

Journal bearing. 3\’ J and J J Caiter.

Knitliiig machine wari» frame attachment.
W Cutts.

Knob, sheet metal. 3V A Turner.

Ladder, step. G E Chittenden.

Lamp. J Kirby, .fr.

Lamp burner clamp. E C Fouler aud G A
Downs.

Lamp, camlle. F E Baldwin.

Lamp, incandescent. FS Smith

Lam[> sket' liing camera. C R .leune.

L;itch, gate. J M .^lathews.

Lime slacker. F L Moores.

Linotype macliine. 1’ T Dixlge.

Locomotive, electric. R Eickemoycr.

Locomotive, elO( trie. U 3f Hunter.

Loom stop motion. B S Taylor and C Heri-

tigo.

3Iaster key lock. J Roche.

Matcli safe, alarm. T Kissinger.

3Iarrix lines, mechanism fur justifying. C
Forth and H <Henzer.

3Iattress stuffing maehine. E U Thompson^

3leasure and funnel, coinMued. R J Gill-
liam.

3Ieasuring instrument, electrical. R 31
Hunter.

3leat tenderer. A C Wagner.

3IetaI bending machine. E J Geis<inger.

31etal electrically, apparatus for heating. C
L Coffin.

3Ietal electrically, healing, welding or work-
ing. C L Coffin.

3Ietal, molding. W H Pelkey and A St.
Louis.

Metal tubea, manufacture of. C T Cayley.

3[etals from magnetic iron .samI, metallic ore
du.st and metallic residues, winning. E
Nieiistaedt.

3Iicrometer indicator. J Bath.

Milker, cow. G W Pelton.

31otor. C W Johnston.

3Iotor opticon. J E Blaekriiore.

3Insic turner. C P Hollis

3Iusical instrument. J Jl Chase and J B
Tracy.

3Iiisicul instrument rack. W A Natiniaiin.

Nozzles, guiding <levice for discharge. C
F Rodin.

( dl burner. C Trench.

Oil from fish, aiqiaratus for extracting. 1) F
aud W E Overton.

(hi heater or cooker. S Newsome.

Ordnance breech mechanisni. o W Bergman
and E Ternstrom.

Onlnance sight. E (J Parkhurst.

Organ, pipe. E E Palm.

Organ pipe. 3V T F Weigle.

Pa< king, corrugated. J 31 Leaver.

Pail. L J Noble.

Paper bags, making. E E Claussen.

Paper box blanks anti articles made thereby,
ai'j'Iying borders or binders to edges of.

F S 3[acRonald.

Paper coating apparatus. F P Buffington
and J T Sutphen.

Paper huUlei', toilet. J loud.

Pap'T, pocket package for toilet. C L
Houghton.

Paper rolls, ladder for '•ore-; of. A " Ik.wm-.
Photograidiic camera multiplv ing attach-
ni'-nt. D S (’ole.

Photogiajdiic plate hobh-r. K B B\rker.
Photographic shutter. J! H Turner.

Piano. .V F'dldin.

Picture flame. J J .Mien.

Pin. E Letjresley Co.x.

Planter, tobacco. M' .'I Kuhns.

Phi'-tic article", maimf.t' tu re of. K ^Vjtz.
Plow, side hill. G Willard.

Pneumatic dis[)atch system, "Wit.-h rail for.
S F Leake.

Powder box. C P Thomas.

Power transmitter. L L .’'liller.

Pre.serving jar. H .V Robinson.

Pre>sure recorder. J Naylor, Jr.

Primer, electrical. W .^Iason.

Printing press inking apparatus. W C
'Wetiilte.

I‘rinting press, rotary. .1 3Iichaud.
Propcdler shaft bearing. .V J Beainlette.
I’ump valve. (.' Zies.

Ibimping engine, direct acting, (i de I..aval
Punching nnn liine T A Norris.

Puzzle. T P Briody.

Rail bending tool. W H Pliiiiips.

Rail tie jdate and brace. A L Starke.
Railway cattle guard. 2. E (Amk.

Railway, conduit electric. W R De Voe.
Railway, conduit electric. C W triemens.
Uailwav crossing track cleaner. F C Sten-
del.

Railway, electric. E W von Siemens.
Railway, elevated. F J JvoiTf.

Railway grip mechanism, cable. C I Earll.
Railway sanding ilevice. W Gruiiuw, .Ir.
Railwa}' signal and system. W B Gray and
H Shepley.

Railway "ignal device. F E Kinsman.
Railway signals, tension adjusting device for
J T Ha III bay.

Railway switch. I) 31 (’hurch.

Railway switcli. E W C’oughlin.

Railway trains or vehicles, apjiaratus for con-
trolling the movement of. F E Kiii'^maii.
Railway trolley, electric. T 31 Brown.
Railways, block system for trolley. W F
Lewis.

Razor stropping device. E L Schmitz.

Rock break and ore granulator, combined.
H P Jones.

Rolling apparatus, beam. F H Kindi.
Roofing, metallic, 2. W 11 3Dillin.s.

Root cutter and stump extractor. E E Kir-
veu.

Jiubber articles, manufacturing hard. J
Thorn Sou.

Rule, slide. TH Johnson.

Sand mold and runner. S J Adams.

Saw, drag. J II BlacKinan, Jr.

Sawing machine indicator, veneer. 3V 31
Dickerson.

Scaffold clamp. J Ilillengass.

Scraper. B F Shuart.

Screening machine. J E 31c('’racken.

Screw blanks, machine for making. C D
Rogers.

Screw driver. J Swan.

Seal, 2. E J Brooks.

Seed separating maeliiuo, cotton. T A Jack-
son.

Seeder. L C Evans.

Sewing loopcl fabrics, maehine for, 2. J
K..hler.

Sewing machine felling attachment. J
B(‘tz.

Sheet metal vessels, attaching siKuits to. G
\V Kn;ipp,

Shelf structure. U aud 3V R Snead and 3V
31 Burns.

Sigmoid irrigator. B Sweger,

Signal ilevice, visible. W 11 Lane and F S
Perrin.

Skirl protecting garine.it. LSittig.

Sleeve section and ciift, combined. G S
Grier.

Sound, transmitting. II B Co.v.

Spark loiiduct'-r f.r -t.-aui -n.iu J T
King.

.Speel;i< h. fraill''. H \\ il'lt.

.''poke- from wle -d tiub-, iii.icliih'- P/f
traelitiiT. .1 11 Davi-.

SiH>.,i box. P (b ib.

Stamp book, .\ F Purdy.

Steam tia[,. F L P-riy.

Stove or raiu'-, cooking. T tia-kin-,
."trainer atlachim ijt . barrel, f B p. .

Waite.

Stri ct -we,.pi.r. .\ J Rob.-rN.

Siiperlii ater. (} Abram-.

Swimming i-o d or balli. .V ."utr ■.
Switchboard f.r liigh t- n.,jon < if nji-. J .J
M ood.

T' leplioii'-. 1 [ F Slocum.

Ti-lepiioiic* sy-t<mj, automatic. L J' ."im -
neaii.

Teleplione tran-mitti r. II .’'I ai d .1 ‘.o 1-
man.

Teleplioii.;. trunk line -ystein. .1 f .'•.dui. and

W Hampton.

Tlieatei’ appliance. .\ Lak--.

Thra-hing machine band eniti-raiid b-eib r.
F .\ f tliva.

Tlira.sbing machine grain cb-vator. .1 R
Harrison.

Time luck. A Kirk<.

Time lock. F S Phelp-.

Time recorder, workman s. D IL-pp.
Tobuggati -lide. L A Tliom[<-oii.

Toe weiglit. L E (Jamj'hell.

Tongue suiiport. A B Ro.-o and J 11 R.-ll.-v,

Toy. G. Miller.

Traill brake, electrical. 3V Fletcher.
Tiolley conductor, overhead. R Muir.
Troll.-y wire hangei-. T J 3IcTighe ami S
W Childs.

Truck aud stand, eouibiiied barrel. .\ Buys.
Truck for moving heavy boilies. (' Evnoch.
Turret liead for drill macliine-. M C Jen-
nings.

Turret liead macliiac. .V D Quint.

Twine and making same. F R Williams.
Twine hi.»lder. J J Hooker and B W I’ut-
nam.

Twine reel. W H Iloehni.

Type setting machine. C F Ililder,

Type writing machine. I) L Tower.
Typograph. H W Libbev.
rmbrella attaching device. T B ( oniin-:.
L’mhrella holder. iHjrtable. W H Hopkin-.
Uiicoupler and car brake, automatic. J I*
Dias.

Uterus battery. C S M' IHnkley.

Valve. FEdaffey.

3 alve, ball cock, d. W A Turner.

3’alve gear for direct acting engine-. H t;
Sergeant.

3'alve, pressure regulating. J Nageldiuger.
Vault liglit trimmer. P Scliw ickart.

Vehicle body. J J 3'ullrath.

Wall covering, iimide, A Sackelt.

Wall, fireproof Imildiug. P A IteMaiiriers,
Wasliing maciiine. T B Arndt.

Watch cannon pinion. J V Coats.

Water closet leservoir. (d l’> Howel).

Water, gas. Ac., street box for. \ H Ans
tin.

Water gully, double trap surface. L 3V
(’rosta

Water meter, disk, 2, J Thomson.

Weeding implement. G W 3IcKenzic.
Weigher and Conveyer spout, grain. V
Weber and J R Harri-'on.

Weighing ajiparatus. R N (.’o.uhlaii.
Weighing machine, grain. II liichards-u,.
Welding appai-atus. electric, 2. It 31 llunt- r.
Window. U J .Mitchell.

3N indow frame, weatherproof. H Neumann.
3\‘indow screen. S 3V Ilurlhurt.

3\indows or dooi's. jiacking or sound dead-
ening device for. H (J W Weyhe.

3\ reiicdi. ( ’ ( 'arson.

3\' re n c h . T Wheat ley .

M. Losano & Son,

IrRportmg Tailors,

818 F Street, Northwest,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

pOR SALE. My patent. No. 512.326: Reversi-
^ ble Tobog-g-aii Slides: can be made 15 or 20
feet long for children, nothing better for pleas-

ure and e.xercise. 3Vill sell state rights or sell
the patent outright. Write for m.v prices. T.M.
Richards, Ebeiisburg, Pa., Cambria Co.

W. S. JONES,

No. 1103 Sixth Street, Northwest.

CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER.

The National Capital,

PAST AND PRESENT.

Stilsoii Hudiiiis’ Oreat book'.

Jobbing l*roiin>tly Atteinlecl to.

E. C. GILL, Manager,

Washington Lime and Cement Company,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer^ in Lime. Plas-
ter. Aiitietam and Portland Cements. Flue
Lining Slate. Feed, lA'ood and Coal. Whole-
sale and Retail. Lime and Antieiam Ce-
ment furnished in Carload lots. Estimates
Cheerfully Furnished. Telephoxe 1079.

Cor. 8th and Boundary Sts., 33’ .^SH. D. C.

Estimates furnished on shortest notice.

Wm. MacKENZlE &. CO.,

Contractors in Stone Work.

Estimates Cheerfully Furnished.

S. 33’. Cor. N. J. Ave. and R Street. N. 33’.
3VASHINGTON. U. C.

R. R. SIMMS,

Carpenter and Builder.

Shop in Rear of 920 M St. N.W.,

L - WaSIIIXGTOX. D. C. ' : I

~ RepciirsTo^T Specialty’'. ' i !

33'eathek. Strips. •_ 33’ixdow Screens.

JAMES B. HENDERSON.

Artistic Paper Hangings.
Window Shades.
Room Mouldings.

No. 9'J3 F St., Washington. I). C.

CONTAINS 268 PAGES AND 136 ILLUSTRATIONS.

Elei»autly printed and Inniiid. Suitable
Cor Library or renter table. Om- of (In*
best works of (lie kind ever issued.

Should be in every house in America.

HOI TO OBTAIN IT :

and

( i

Send $1.35 and receivethe
“Inventive Age” one year
Picturesque Washington” postage paid.

138

THE

AOE

WILLIAM A. KIMMEL,

Contractor and guilder.

T.. C. WOOI3

Att(»nicy ;ni(i
Solicitor of

91 1 F Street, N. W.,

W. C. SHELLEY,

nnORNEYand • • • - IJ
• COUNSELLOR at LflW

SHOP: 1006 Conn. Avknue.
KESIDKXCE: 1132 X. J. Ave.

Estimates Furnished on the
Shortest Notice.

PATENTS.

L't>r eleven year.-^ I have di*voled my
lime exclusively to the ])n‘iiaratit)ii
and ]>ros<“cntion of ai*i)licaU()ns for
PATENTS. TRADE-MAKKS and
C< )1^ VR K i U TS, to the manaf^ement
of i nlerferences, to reiideriii”* oj)in-
ions as to sc«f]Je and validity of
patents, to makiiiji' preliminary
searches, and to atlendiny to all
ni alters relaliiiiLr to paleiiis <ir inveii-
lioiis. lliyliest references In all parts
of the country. Send lor liand-book
on patents.

RISKS A (k I)hI5()3S,

Inventive IJuildinir. W.\siiiX(.ton. D. C

PATENTS.

Caveats, Trade Marks,
Designs, Etc.

Report as to iiali-ntahility of invmitioii
E \< 1. 1. ( n-' Ch.\ K( . I-. L^ nsn rjjasviMl facili tie-..
Moderate ti-rnis. Ilefore apiflying tor a ifateiit
write Us. All inf<irmation and advice Fki.i:.

GLASCOCK & CO.

()o() \' Street, \. \y., W'asliinifttm, IL C.

PATENTS OBTAINED.
E. W. AXDERSOX X CO.,

Counsellors at Law,

700 7th Street, WASHINGTON, D. C.

INxamiiiat ions without cliargo.

1 n veil tor's < i nides 1 ree.

Jcits. L. Slcidniore,

UiiitcMl States and

Eoreiitn Patents.

Designs, Trademarks and Copyrights.

AU.inlic- i:i(ly.. WASinXC.'l'dX, D. C.
Mokl. iii.\n 15 X'l-.AKS Exi’I.km 1- .\c !•:.

W. S. PLACER,

Carpenter and Builder

Jobbing Promptly Attended to by
addressing or calling at Shop,
Rear of Residence,

No. 27 M STREET N. W.,

W.\SI1IX(,T(IN. I). C.

Eorcigii and l)i>ine,slic PateiltS.

eorrosiMMMloiiot' Solioitod.

L. C. W'ood Building,

507 E St. N. W.,

WASHINGTON, U. C.

CAI’ITAT. .‘S'iSO.OOO.

E. S. PARKER rnsid<iit.

X. E. FOX - President.

CLAKEXCE CORSON, . . . Casin', r.

KELLOGG BUILDING,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

General Court and Departmental
Practice.

PATENTS.

OD

cc

<

LU

Q

<

q:

I-

R. N. STEVENS,

Attorney and Solicitor,

Procures Foreign and Domes-
tic Patents at Moderate Rates.
Advice and Book of Instruc-
tions Free.

Correspondence Solicited. All Letters
Con lidential.

o

m

W

O

z

0)

Inventive Age Bl dg. WASHINGTON, D. C.

JoliiT C. HowItiitcI,

ATTORNEY AT LAW.

{Lai'i; Pkixcii’.\i. ExamixivK of tiii-:
<I]-:xi:k.\i. L.vxd Oi ltck.)

Sjiecial Attention to Land, l^atent,
and Cor]K)raiion Cases..

15 Warder BUIl'".. W.vsiiixgtox, D C.

Promptly secured. Tro de-Marks, Copyrights
and Jaibels registered. Twenty-five years ex-
perience. We report whet her tmteni; can be
secured or not, freeofebargiL Onr fee not due
until patent isallowed. Jp-i page IJaoU Free*
H. B. WILLSOW Sl CO., Attorneys at Law,
Opp. U.S. Put. uilice. WASHSNCTOM, D, C,

PENSIONS.

L. C. WOOD w CO., L. C. Wood lUiild-
iiig, 5d7 E st, N. \V\, Wa'^lii nglon, D. C.,
give every claim lor pension LMitriisted to
them a

ll yon want to avoid iinneeessary di*l;iy
in securing action on yoiir claim; or if
your claim has been rejected, or \<»nr
name (lr(*pped from tile pension rolls write
Us at once.

IS OUR FEE for

, obtaining a Patent.

Then why pay other attornet's from S25
to 540, or more, wlum we will prepare
and prosecute an application fuir patent,
unless coni ]ilicated tor $15.

We advertise and otherwise assist in
selling patents obtained through us
without extra char.ge.

PATENT OFFICE DRAWINGS S3 PER SHEET.

Our work is hrst-class and we can fur-
nish references from any section of llie
country. All classes of patent work.

DAVIS & CO.

605 7ih Street. XX"asiiixc;t<>x, D. C,

J, n. VALE,

pflTiiis m TM0[

Attorney and Counsellor at Law.

Al Ian tic Building,

■PS F St. X. W.' WASIilXUTOX. D. C.

GATCHEk&TOMi'KINS,

Tailors,

We invite you to call and
examine our Fine Fine of
Goods for Spring' of ’94.

Latest Designs, Best Materials,
Fatiltless Fit.

4|5 12II1 SuX'lT, W'., W'asliiiigloii, 1). C.

R. M. BROWN,

Artists and
Painters Supplies.
American and French
Window Glass.

8. \X’. Cor, 7th A: X st-.. X. W.,

W ASIIIXUTOX. 1). C.

C. J. STOCKMAN. F. K. WELCH.

041 ”th St., X. W., 40 Kimball House,

Washington, D. C. Atlanta, Ga.

STOCKMfiN 5 WELCfi,
EXPERTS IN PATENTS,

All MTM'lv atteiHliM] to proinplly and faitlifnlly.

Correspondence Solicited.

Our clients will have the
]>ri vh*ge of ]>laci 11 g a model
o1 their in veniion on exhi-
bition in our section in the
Atlanta Exp<»sition to be
held in 1895, without cost
to them.

Whitaker & Prevost,

Attorneys and
Counsellors at Law,

PATENTS AND PATENT CAUSES.

BischofF Building, 6io F St., N. W.,
WASHINGTON, J>. C.

PATI.NTS FOlt INVENTIONS.

RICHARD P. EVANS & CO.,

Counsellors at Law.

Attorneys in Solicitors of United
Patent States and Foreign

Causes. Patents.

464 La. Ave., Washington, D. C.

Write for our 'nook, “1*ATEXT LAW AND
I^RACTICE," sent free u[)on request.

Washington, D. C.
Atlanta, Ga.

Pollock & riartin,

Wall Papers,
Decorations,

Room npuldings.

333 C Street, Southeast.

Near Cor. 4th and Pen n. Ave.

W'nshinglnn, I>. C.

Estimates cheerfully furnished. Ciur ti'rnis
are reasonable. All orders by mail will receive
]>roni])t attention.

M, M. TREMBLEY k C0„
Expert Sign Painters,

House Painting a Specially.

Estimates furnished. Satisfaction guar-
anteed to all our work. None except ex-
pert hands employed.

14n.s Bciiii. Ave. N. XV. Washinotox, 1). C.

THOMSON JAY HUDSON,

Attorney at Law,

r StiHM't, X. W. WASHINGTON, D. C.

Cimiisellor and Expert in Patent
Causes. S(*ven years cxiterience as
Principal Examiner in the i^alent
omce.

•r. SCHUJVI’ZliACII,

Mectianician and Model Maker,

Models for Patents and Experiments.

Electrical and Meteorlogical Instruments and
light machinery uf every description nuide to
order.

713 0th St., N. XV., XX^ASHiNGTON, D. C.

JOS. E. HODGSON,

Fornaces, Ranges and Latrobes,

ROOFING, GUTTERING and SPOUTING.

Jobhing Promiftly Attended to.

All XX'ork Guaranteed.

Repairs furnished for all kinds of .Stoves.

No. 4‘J5 Eiglitli Street Soutlieast,

XVASHIXGTOX, D. C.

1^. I>XTAVlTI±:?-i,

Attorney and Counsellor at Law,

MetHIl PHiihliiig, OOS G St., N. AV.,

WASHINGTON, 1). C.

Practices in the Supreme Court of the United
States, the Court of Claims and the -.everal
Courts of the District of Columbia. Has had
eight years experience in tlie Argument of
PaU-iit and other cases before the Courts, repre-
senting the (iovcrnmeni.

AVAL XV. XVTXrBEE,
Carpenter and guilder,

14 1 1 F Street, N. W.

Estimates cheerfully given. None except
best of workmen employed by me.

THE

Railroad Car Journal

ISTHEONLY

publication in the world devoted
exclusively to the construction,
maintenance and interchange of
Railroad Car|Equipment. A Jour-
nal for Superintendent of Car De-
partment, Foreman, I iispoctor
and Keiyairer; and especially for
inventors of car appliances.*
Subscrii:)tion ONE DOLLAR per
year. Sample Copy Gratis.

617 Vanderbilt Building, NEW YORK.

XEW UOOK-.IUST OUT.

How -to Make aud Use the Telephone.

ny H. C AKV, A. M.

llliistnitiMl with working draAviiigs; and
gives practical directions for building and op-
erating telephone lines. Just the book forany-
b()d,v interested in this subject. It is the latest
book published, and is up to date.

Ooiitent.s; Chat. I. The Telephone. II. The
Telei)hoiie Line. III. How to make Receivers
of Simple Construction. IV, Batteries best
suited to Telephone Work. V. Magneto Call
Bells. VI. Switch-boards. VII. Telei)hoiie
Troubles and How to Remedy Them.

X»osti>aitl, Si-
Address, THE INVENTIVE AGE,
XVashington, D. C.

TTIK

AOK.

In Architecture,

Architectural Drawing,

Plumbing, Heating and Ventilation,
Bridge Engineering,

Railroad Engineering.

Surveying and Mapping,

Electrical Engineering,

M E C 1 1 A N l C a L 1 ) R a \\T N G ,

Mining,

English Branches, .and

Diplomas awarded. To bejrin sludenls;
Jieed only known how to read and write. Send
for FREE Circnlar of Information statiny* the
subiect vou think of studviny to THE COR-
RESPONDENCE SCHOOL OF MECHANICS
AND INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE, Sckanton, Pa.

4000 STUDENTS.

EDWARD P. TH0nP50N M. E.,
SOLICITOR OF PATENTS.

Author “ How to Hake Inventions.”

3 to 9 Heekman St., New York.

Ten years' experience in the intricate patent
laws of fifty foreiyn countries and the United
States. Not a siiiyle dissatisfied client. Com-
plete and successful correspondence system
with out-of-town clients. Secrecy guaranteed.

ALSITE SOLDER

I'< > It

ALUMINUM.

Does not disintegrate. The Dutt joint can be
rolled, hammered, or drawn. Full particulars
on 'application. xVLSITE xVLUMINUM CO.,
100 Libert3’ St., New York.

HORACE J. LONG,

Successor in the

Wall Paper Department

or THE

W. H. HOUGHTON MANUFACTURING CO.,

524 13th and 1302 F Streets. N. W.,

WASMIXtiTOX. D. C.

HENRY J. ALBERT, .... Manager.

W.VLL Paper. Interior Decorations.

Carpets, Frescoing. Cornice Tintin g
Interior Wood Work .and Painting.

Floor Polishing. St.ained Glass.

Don't paA’ artA' attention to caiI reports.

Don't be too quick to condemn.

Don't repeat what A'our neiyhbors saA', tliCA'
maA" be mistaken.

Don't iiiA'eiit a storA- from imagination.

Don't put your moneA’ in an old trunk and
expect to find it there after the house is
burned.

INVEST IT.

The Fidelity Building, Loan

AND

Inuestrnent flss’n

OFFERS SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS TO
ANYONE LOOKINO FOR

A. 13 « O L T' K S K C F" K I F M.
908-914 G ST. N. W.

Harrison Dixgmax.

Alonzo Tweedale. I’resideiit.

Secrelarv.

BRADLEY BROTHERS,

SUCCESSORS TO

J. W. LaTOURETTE,

927 D Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

Desire to inform their friends and the yen-
eral public that theA* liaA’e purchased a portion
of the stock — vehicles and yood will — of said
La Tourette. at the aboA’e named stables, and
Avill suppls' the stables with new bnyyies, etc.,
and iirstclass driA'iny horses, and therebA- be
prepared to furnish the finest turnouts in the
cit\', makiny a specialtA’ of liyht hiritiy: horses
boarded bA' the da.v or month at reasonable
rates. Gi\’e us a call.

BRADLEY BROTHERS,

Successors to J. W. La Tourette.

No. 927 D St., Next to Evening News,

Telephone Call. 291.

P. S. — Also proiH'ietors of Ridyeland Stock
Farm, near Cabin John Hridye. Horses
stabled and pastured at all seasons.

T A "ROT? I’rinted and lu-

LflDUXi/ dexed. Records ar-
7'anged to save time. Used by adver-

CJ A TT'T'NrU Book and News-

V TLA VT paper Publishers, Car-
penters, Eegiueers and others, to

■p "DUOT? contracts

nijVjUItJJfJ quickly for instant
reference. ChAt,i,en, loSprucest., N. AU

5. H. HINES,

UNDERTAKER AND EHBALnER,

2203 and 2205 14th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

With si.xleen years* experience offers himself to llie ]>ublic to do all kinds f>f funeral
work, and yuarantee prompt atteiilion and tlie A'eiw bi‘st of servi<,*i* at the lowosi
prices. ^Metallic caskets furnished wlien so desired.

Day and Niylit. 'rel<q)lioii<‘, TT.T, Chairs for IfiiM* (ni all 0<'easioiis.

Arrangements can be made with us for funerals in any city in the United States, or for
transfer of bodies from one city to another.

The Peoples Co-operative Burial Association.

All persons Avho ma.v be called on to bur.v a member of their famil.v or a friend are res-
pectfully' iinitetl to call at the office of the Co-operative Hurial Association and
examine our ctM'lihcates representiny S50 ami ylDD funerals. Certilicates whtni jiaid
up. draw 4 per cent interest, and are transferable' to an v one. Cash or install, as
prefered. All of our funerals will liaA e prompt attentimi atid tlie best of si'rvices
yuaranteed. Examine and be convinced of A'our interest in the matter. (>])en da,v
and iiiyht for funeral work. Telei>hone. 775.

S. II. I 1 1 X IdS. PiT'sidi'iLt.

an.l Itli Sli vct, X. 34 .

^ MORRISON PAPER fOMPANY,

White, Manilla and Straw V/rapping Paper, Flour Sacks, Paper Bags,
Twine, Shipping Tags, Straw Board, Ice Cream Boxes, Writing and
Printing Papers and Envelopes

Agents for Holyoke Flat and Writing Papers, Collins’ Printers’ and Photographers
Cards, Chas. Eneu Johnson & Co.’s Printers Ink.

No. loog Penn. Ave. N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C.

The Advertisers, Subscribers and Readers

Of the IiiA’entive Age Avill secure neatness, di'^palch and
moderate prices on all kinds of printing b.A' calling on

The Ai^c Ihiiitiiiff Company,

Corner 8th and H Streets, N. W.

C.Yll US up by Telephone, 151(i. .uiid our represeiitatirc
will visit vou. crive estinates and take orders.

ENGRAVING AND PRINTING.

M F, R C -V X T I L F. S T T I O X FI R Y .
C.VRD BO-IKI)h.

T.YGS .iXI) Gfm E.ybels.
Invoice .ynd
.Sti'b Files.

Printing .\.vd
Binding.

BLANK BOOKS MADE TO ORDER.

Easton & Rupp,

Dealers in

i

Blank Books, Paper ami Envelopes,
Wrapping Paper, Twines, &e.

4^1 Hlex^eiitli Street, N. W.,

AV A fST I I I >, O.

T. H. Alexander.

Aitonit'y and Couia^tdlor at Lavj.

Established 1857.

Arthur E. Doaa'ell.

Atfy at Laiy, Jh-rhaiiiral E.x'prr/ .

ALKXANDI^R & DOWBLL,

I’ATJ r X^.V WX:XdIj!-4,

SOLICIXOKS OF' F’^H'F'NTH.

Rooms : 1, ‘J ami 3, 3Iarl>le liiiihUiig, <>07 7th St., X. W., Wasliiiigtoii, I). U.
Send tor our Book on Patents.

The Norris Peters Company,

Photo=Lithographers,

4 58- too IViiii. Avoime, tVasliin^toii, 1). t'.

Sifeclal attention given to the reproduction and printing of copies on parchment. draAving-
paper, tracing-linen, and cardboard, of Patent Ofiice drawings for attorneA's to accompaiiA' appli-
cation for patents in foreign countries.

I 2Q

Shoes to
measure, $5.

We Aviil m.'iki* lo you r im-a-u n- a
Riissi't or iMai.'K' Shoe in any
or siyU* yon may si-h'Cl for -5. \Vi*
guaranU'i' IralliiT. work man-- h i ]i ami
lit. You <'anl buy it any cln-apiT
reatly madi-. I)ro]> in tomorrow and
Lot us moasuri' vour fi'i-t.

WILSON,

929 F Street.

The Best Kind
of an Investment.

The jiricc of largo timber tracts In the South
has increased 2iii) jht cent in the last six years.
Will increase more rapidly as tracts grow
scarcer.

Tin* Interstate Land Bureau, rottm Xation-
al Union Building. Washinyton, D. C.. has for
sale ov(‘r 1.5(m).0oo acres f)f timberland, in tracts
from 10.000 to JOn.odU acres, in Kentuckv. North
Carolina. Florida. Alabama, Georyia. Louisiana
and Texas. Prices f nmi 51 to5«Sper acre.

Also land for colonies in Southern Marvland,
Viryinia. Alabama and Getiryia. (iood unim-
proved farminy land in Alabama and (ieoryia.
easy t)f access to markets, from 52 to 53 per acre.

Also coal land in Tennessee. Kentucky and
West Viryinia.

Also cheap farms in Viryinia and Maryland,
and choice gold mining properties in Viryinia.
Maryland. North Carolina and Georyia.

Also choice properties for large or small in-
A’eslors in and about Washinyton. Tht'Bureau
has reliable agents in London and Amsterdam.

AV3r. EDGAlt kOGEKS,

Sec'y ami Gen'l IMaiiayor.

CHAS. H. HODGKIN,

Expert in Plate Glass.

WAREROOMS: 913 7th St., N.W.,

4VASniXGTOX, D. C.

NOW READY.

An Entirely New and Practical
Work on Patents.

Including the Law and Practice of Cases
in the United States Patent Office
and the Courts Holding a Revisory
Relation Thereto. Also, an Appen-
dix of Copyright Decisions, Etc., by
GEORGE H. KNIGHT.

I. The Patent Franchise.

II. Decisions Relating to Patents for Inven-
tions.

III. Decisioim Relati ng to Patents for Designs.

IV. Decisions Relating to Trade-marks and
Labels.

API' !•: N I n X A , Copyrights.

APPENDIX B. Foreign Patents.

Table of Cases.

One A'ol. Svo, I.aAV Slieep. I'rice -ST.OO net .

LITTLE, BROWN S COMPANY,

PUBLISHERS.

254 WASHIXGTOX STREET. BOSTON.

±30

THE INVENTIVE AOE.

GKO. S. DOKKMUS.

KKANK. C. JUST

D0REMU5 & JUST,

414 Eleventh St., Star Building,

WASHINGTON. D, C.

Model Makers, Manufacturers of Patented

Novelties and Electric Supplies.

All kinds Scn*w iiKicliiiu* work, llicycles built to order, repaired, nickle plated
and oiianieled with baked enamel, (lold. Silver. Nickle. Cop])er and Ilroiize Plater.

ill Hk? Lsite.Sit

Out of town work solicited.

STANTON’S STRAINING POT.

Pat. February 18, 1890.

No. Patent 421 ,777.

This device conibines a vessel into which liquids
inav f)e ])oiu'ed or drawn, the ojieration of straining'
and measuring being accomplished at the same time.
jV cut of the recejitacle g'ives a clear idea of the con-
struction. The body of the jiot is cylindrical in
shape, with ribs or rings placed at various distances
to afford means to measure the contents. A funnel
strainer is seated within the top of the ])ot. so that
liquids are guided as well as strained as they enter.
A lid closes over this to effectually keep out dirt and dust should the contents fie
left standing. A funnel-shaped outlet at the to]) of the pot provides means to
])our out tlie contents: a strainer jilaced within this outlet g'iving' the ])assing-
licjuid a second straining. A caj) attached to the side by a short chain is in
handy reach to close the s])out. thus keeping all dust or insects from entering-.
This Straining Pot should find a place in families, drug stores, litiuor dealers,
and all grocery stores. The whole jjatent is offered for sale or will be jilaced on
a royaltv, or will be sold bv state or county as desired by ])urchaser. For in-
formation .address, (lEllRGE C. STANTON, New Imiui.A, I,.\.

TAVC)

JUST PUBLISHED.

How to Build a One=Fourtli Horse=Power
Motor or Dynamo.

By A, E. WATSON.

I 111 isl r:it( '(I \\'ith lull ■\v«)i-kiiu2- dp.uyy'inus.

( LG ldl, 50 ( TS.

PKKT, PAPEIL 25 (’IS.

fioul to Bdild a 0ne=flalf HorseTouler
Motor or Dynaiiio.

By A. E. WATSON.

Illustrated with full working drawings.

Ilnili books give coiiqilete ilirectioiis for building and rvi ndi Mg' for d i fferent oiitinits for A rc,
. I lu andesei'in bigliting. Electro-J'lating or Motor Power.

els. - Clutli, 50 cUs.

INVENTIVE A(1E IT lilA SII I N (1 UOMPANV,

8th and H Sts., WASHINGTON, D. C.

C. E. FINCH,

C. K. Church, Preset. M". H. Yekkes, Supt.

AVholesale and Ketail Dealer.s in

It i: IN N 11 15 K Cl IC 11.

A Constant Supply Guaranteed Through-
out the Season.

Prices as Low as any Responsible Companv in
the District.

(IP'l-'iCIC; oiol’eiii-). .X\'eime,
WASHlNCrTON. D. C.

Diu'OTs: dth St. .Wharf. 310.S Water St.

RUBIKR’S

Popular Electrician.

Scientific Illustrated Monthly for the
Amatuer and Public at Large.

Coiilaininu'’ du-'Criplions of all tlu‘ now invon-
tioiE as fast a> they an* patented, also lists, of
patents filed each month at the Patent (>11101* in
iVashiii'^^ton. D. C. Inteivstiny articles by
poi>ular writers on scienlitic subjects written
in a way that the merest beginner in science
can understand.

Price, Postpaid, 50 Cents a Year.

Sample Cojiy, Five Cents. Send for it. You
will bt* more Ilian pleased.

BUSIER PUBLISHING COMPANY,

EYXX,

Office of X. K. ICxpress. Artists* Supplies.

C. B. F. HALLER & CO.,

ARTISTIC PAPER HANGINGS,

WINDOW SHADES,
PICTURE FRAMES,

ROOM MOULDINGS,

AND TINTING.

K-,limates Furnished. All Work ('.uaranteed.

Cor. iqtli and N. Y. Ave., N. W.,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Orders by ^lail or otherwise Pronijitly
Attended to.

P. 1\ LINK I NS,
iiouifs ii i^.viiv rirs (i.

And Interior Decorating,

Wall Paintiii'r. Kalsominiii”* and Tintinir.
JobbiiijT a Specially.

1 S N. AV. AVasIiinii'lon, 1>.

EDWAIM) ()i(>l{M AN,

PRACTICAL

Plijrrtber = and = Gas = Fitter,

IX ALL ITS DRAX’CIIES.
Reasonable, Durable and Prompt.

I'M IS St., X. K., W.rsmxoToN. I). C.

II. KOPPEL,

yVvtiEt

718 llth STREET Northwest.

Siu iiig ;inil Siininier Stuck now on liaiiil to
select from.

PRICES REASOXAIILE. . .

W. E. (’OLIU HX,

GENERAL CONTRACTOR.

Portland Cement \Valks. Steps and Pave-
ments Faid. Fxcavatinu’'. Pavinj/. Sodding*'
and Cement-Work a Specialty. ICsli mates
Promptly (liven.

Box 33, Builders Exchange.
Pesidence7<)04lli St.. X. E. M'ashington, D. C.

JoliiT W. ColliiTts,

Tin Roofing, Guttering and Spouting,

RANGES AND LATROBES.

Repairing a Specially. AVork done on
Short Notice.

724 llth Street, N. tV., Washington, D. C.

WM. DUFFY,

REGISTERED

Plumber and Qas Fitter,

lino X. ( AUSTOI. ST.,

W.4Sm.N(.TON. 1). C.

i£ H'r 1 X I r K IS K u 1 ’e X 1 s. 1 1 1£ i >

Orders by mail will receive iirompt
attention.

New Winul aiid Coal Yard.

P. R. TAVENNER & BRO.,

Wood and Coal Dealers,

3323 M Street, W. Washington.

All kinds of of coal at lowest rates served in
any quantity', and prompt delivery guaranteed.
Coal uuder cover.

STAIR BUILDER,

171-r ITth StiTM't, X. W.

\VASI1I.\GT0\, 1). C.

EST.CBI.ISIIED 1SS7.

W. W. KIMBALL CO.

MANUKACTUKEKS OF

PIANOS AND ORGANS,

Highest Honors World’s Fair.

60 Organs Daily. CHICAGO. 20 Pianos Daily

Office .and W.arekooms:

Wabash Avenue near Jackson Street.
Factokies; Corner 20 and Rockwell Streets.

Wilill

Joseph Leicester Atkins,

Atlantic Building, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Sixty page book free.

BARBER& ROSS,

LTiiiiloer, IE)oods,
S tisli , 13 1 i 11 cl s,
IXaixlAA are.
YS^oocI and Slate
WI a lit els.

Gas Pixtuaes,
tfcc.

OFFICE AND STORE:

nth and G Street, N. W.

WAREHOUSE:

13th and Ohio Ave.
ETTINGER & SMITH,

Contractors
and Builders,

215 Twelfth Street, N. W.,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

Estimates cheerfully furnished. Jobbing
done on short notice. Orders by mail will
receive prompt attention.

One of the most interestinpr and useful
books for inventors published. Ele-
gantly bound. Price 50 cents.

^Kj^Tlie above book and the Inventive
Age one 3’ear. SI. 35, Address

THE INVENTIVE AGE,

Washington, D. C.

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 513,450, Magic Toy.
‘ Ready sales and large profits ; orders
placed for 400 in town of 1800 as soon as made.
Address, Ross Armstrong, Ouawa, Iowa.

the: 1NVEXTI\"I^ age:.

>3'

$1,000 REWARD

To ever^' inventor who solves correctly an
interesting’ little problem we will g'ive him.
For particulars and a 64 page excellent hand-
book for inventors enclose a dime or five 2-cent
stamps and address the Ainericiui Fateiit
3Iarket, St. Paul, Minn.

Mention this paper. A. M. Caresen, Prop*

Andrew B. Graham,

\ ITMOGRflPMER

1230 Penn. Avenue,

’\V.VfSITI>'^OT<» , I>. C'.

Tklephon’e 1031.

Bill^Heads,

Diplomas,

Bonds,

Checks,

Letter= Heads,
Cards,

Notes,

Drafts,

Certificates of Stock, Etc.

Photo=Lithographing.
FREDERICK CARL,

Successor to E. H. Bkadfokd.

Model Maker,

Expert in Perfect Working Models,

Designing, Draftiny and I^erfect Work-
ing Models for Inventors. Models made
from sketches. Patent Office drawings
or home-made models. Duplicates made
of Patent Office models f*w law suits in
case of infringement. Paterjis made
from wood and metal. Manufacturing
of Novelties.

711 G Street, opposite U. S. Patent Office,
AVASHINGTON, I). C.

George M. Barker,

3V. P. TULLOCK. M.ix.\GEK.

Building Material.

Doors, Sash, Blinds, Moulding,
Frames, Mantels.

No.s. (j4'> and 651 N. Y. Ave. Telephone ')4S.
WASHINGTON, D. C.

wio COAL ^

Dry well-seasoned AA/'ood.
Free-Burning Coke.
First Grade Coal.

Sole Agent for the

Celebrated ARGYLE STEAMING COAL.

THOS. K. AIAin iX,

M.4IN Office: 920 20th St. N. W.,

WASHINGTON. D. C Telephone 1766.

THE LINOTYPE,

Machine Composition.

Only Successful Machine in Use.

This machine, operated by finger keys like a typewriter, aulomalically produces and as-
sembles. ready for press or stereotyping table, type-metal bars or limnypes. oacli bearing. prt»p-
erly justilied. the type character to print an entire line. After using the type bars are re-nieltfd
and cast into new bars.

K. J.. J.'

Speed 3,600 to 7,500 ems per hour.

• • •

Easily Operated. Oiiickh' Learned.
Siinile Operator.

Xo Loose Type. Xo DistriliUtion.

Xew Face for Eierv Issue.

Used by 150 . .
Leading Dailies.

Address

The Merganthaler Linotype Company,

Tribune Building NEW YORK CITY,

PHIL. T. DODGE, President.

Those who went to
the Fair _

AA^ill live in these pictures and accompany-
ing descriptions, the delights thex’ exper-
ienced on that memorable trip to the Fair.
They are sure to exclaim, ** AA'hy, it seems
as though I am right there I'’

Our Panorama of the AA” orld's F air consists
of OA^ER 2iH) SEPARATE and DISTINCT
A^IKAA'S. It is issued in the form of Four
Art Portfolios. EACFI PART CONTAINS
55 STTRPRISINGEY BEAUTIFUE PHO-
TOGRAPHS. The four parts contain over

P. S. MUPPllV,

Practical Tinning and Heating,

Steel Plate Furnaces, Ranges and Latrobes.
Jobbings done on short notice.

N. AA". Corner 3rd and H Streets,
AA^ASHINGTON, d. c.

200 Magnificent Photographs, making the
grandest and best collection of AA^orld's F air
A'iews issued — xvorthy a place on the center
table of the most elegant mansion. Every-
one should have the entire collection of
Four Parts.

Those who did not
go

AA'ill find in them ,a source of great delight
and education. AViili such pictures and de-
scriptions they can x et visit the Fair in all
its glory. Parents should secure this
beautiful pictorial histoiw for their chil-
dren.

E.E.JacksonMo,

M \ .\

Lumber, Doors, Sash,

Blinds and Moulding.

Cor. i3tli and Ohio A\e., N. W

WASHINIiTljN. I). C.

SP i:< ' I A I/r I FS : DroS'-od Flooiing.

Mal\<Ts of Alabama Edge-C, -ain I'looring.
MilD locatt-d at IManlcr-ivillc. .Ala.

I ). PAPr.APP.
Practical Mechanician,

E'-tablished IS'ff.

Constructor of Light Machinery. Experimental
and Model Work.

All orders for Certified Duplicates of Patent
r>ffici‘ Models, and Mndels of any Foreign Pat-
ents from Drawings and Specification^', tiled in
the Library cif tlu' l^atent Office for law suits in
case of infringement: also. Original Models f(*r
Inventors, and Models to complete application
for I’aleiits. from I)rawings and Speciltcaiif)ns
filed in the Patent (Jffice.

731 7th Street. N. AA’..

AA’AsHrxGTox. D. C.

Photographic VieWvS
of the World’s Fair.

Copies of $25 Worth of Superb Photographs.

The achiex'ements in Mechanics, in Architecture, in Art and in Science of that great event, xvitli
all its marvelous Exhibits, Scenes and Surroundings, which produced the sublime spec-
tacle. has passed away, but thanks to photography, it yet lives for the entertainment and
editication of the muUitudes and for posterity in a realastic and

Magnificent Ikinorama World’s Fair,

Showing pictures of grand Buildings, of glittering Domes, of massive Arches. of noble Statuary.

of jetting Fountains, of beautiful Interior Exhibits, of Venetian ('roiulolas. gliding ox’er
the deep Lagoons, of Pax'ilions, of Foreign Villages, of Cafes, of the Wooded Island, and
many other attractions of the Dream City and

The Famous Midway Plaisance, The Bazaar of Nations, or
The Side=show of the World’s Fair.

HOW TO QET THESE VIEWS.

All four of these Art Portfolios, 220 ftagnificent Views sent postage
paid with the “INVENTIVE Aqe” one year postage paid for $1.35.

c 1 1 A s. I cciGCxS w 1 : 1 . 1 ..

Carpenter and Builder,

15th Street Extended. Mt. Pleasant.

AA'ASHINGTON. D. C.

Jobbing dom* in all its branches.

Fls-timaies cheerfully furnl>hed.

AGENTS $75

usii- or SL-iiiu,; PRACTICAL
PLATING DYNAMO. ri.emut-

eru method, used iu all ractoiies
to plate uew goods. Plates goid,
silver, nickel, etc . on watches,
^Ojjewelrv, table-ware, bicycles aii'l
- 3 metal goods ; tine outfits for

agents: different sizes; always
really: no battery: no toy: no
experience; no limit lo plating
needl'd; a great monev mak'T.

W. P. HARRISON & CO.. Clerk No, 15. Columbus. Ohio.

T. A. DAliXEILLE,

Real Estate, Loans and Insurance.

Cheap Property a Specialty.

1235 G Street. N. W.. 3Vashin<;ton. D. C.

WALL.XCE WOODW.ARD,

Furnaces, Ranges and Latrobes,

Set and Kepaired.

Rooting. Guttering and Spouting.
Smokey Chimneys Cured. Brick
work repaired. Roof Painting. All
orders promptly attended to.

1404 T Street. N. AA’.. AA’asiiixgtox. D. C.

EVERVBODY AA’ANTS THE

LIVESTOCK JOURNAL

And our WORLDS PA1K.7UC.
PREMIUM SPRINa CURRY COMB
L' li-ic Id to Evorv Subsoriher.
$1.10 A TEAR.

Write for FREE SAMPLE COPY .
Liberal C;ish Commission to Aseuts.

Western flgiicuilutisl anil Live StocUoyrnal,

334 Dearborn St., (’hioago,Ill..or
QUINCY. ILLINOIS.

(VIA )llCrK I HIT Cl I.

Slate and Tile Roofer,

1424 loth Street, near P St., \. \\

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Kcpairiiitr a specialty. All work iruaraiiteed.

C’O

PRflCIICftLBRlCmSiyLL BRANCHES.

Best of work done on slit>rtesl notice.
Estimates furnished.

034: I street, N. H.,

AA'ashixgtox, D. C.

INVKNTIVK AGE.

132

Magnolia rietal

IN USE BY

Eidit Leadinir Governments.

Best Anti=Friction Hetal •

Hijrli Speed ICiifriiie. Dyiuniio. KolliuLr-Mill. Steamship. Kailroad, Saw-Mill,
0 0 Cotton-Mill. Ihiper-Mill, WooliMi-Mill, Sillv-Mill, Julu-Mill. Rubber-Mill.

Sugar-^nil, Flour-Mill and all Macliiners’ Ib‘arinL’'s.

riagnolia Anti=Friction
rietal Company,

Owners and Sole Manufacturers.

‘T'-i Ooi-f 1;» ii«l t TV. 'N .

London Office : 75 Queen Victoria St.

Chicago Office: 51 Traders Building.

Announcement.^—

1 desire to announce to all my old friends and patrons
that the jemov;d of the Stanimrd Engraving Com-
pany, with which 1 have been connected, in no way
interferes with business at the old stand. 1 have with-
drawn from the Standard, and wn’ll continue in the busi-
ness. 1 have put in an entire new plant, including' all
the latest machinery and appliances for executing the
tinest work known to the Engraver’s art.

HALF TONE, /INC

RELIEF LINE

COPPER EICRING

All first-class and executed promptly at reasonable rates.

riaurice Joyce.

Remember I am at the old stand

111 I 111 SSI .

Little Shoe Chat.

Most Shoe Dealers treat cus-
tomers as thong'll they never
exjiected to see them again.
We do just the reverse. We
are after your jiermanent trade.
Every pair of shoes tve sell
you must he “just right” in
size, shape, tit, style and dura-
bility'— in short the best pair of
shoes its ]irice is capable of
buying anywhere in America.
Eet ns do your shoeing. Just
norv we are offering a number
of verv extraordinarv “drives.”

Moore’s

Shoe

Palace,

SIO 7th Street,

(Next to Kings Palace.) WASHINGTON.

Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence,

PATENT

LAWYERS,

Solicitors and E.xperts.

602 F St., Washington, I). C.

Established 1861.

References; Pr. Jas. C. "Welling-. President
Columbian Ilniversily, Wasliing’loii, I). C.;
Hon. John T. Morg-an, Hon. John T. Heard,
Gen. W. S. Rosecraiis and many others.

Page Rook Free.

WASHINGTON LOAN and TRUST
COMPANY,

<>tli ciiKl R iSt. i\. W^.

komats IVIoiiex C<.>ll<iterol niid

ICistcite.

T^ays Interest on Di'posits, Has for sale Se-
curud InvDsimenl'-'.

CAPITAL, $1,000,000.

Call and see or write to us.

H. H. WARNER, President.

JN(>. Joy E1)S( )N, VicD-Presidmit.
JNG. A. SWOPE. 2d Vice-Pres.
JNf). R. CARModY. Truasiirer.

W. ]’>. ROPlSOX, Secndarv.
ANDREW PARKER, Assh S(»c\v.

AV. A . l^ATE,

in

Contractor’s • •

• • Supplies,

sun* (11 AMUailfY AM> AIA-
niNi: nAiM)WAi{i:,

Blocks, Cordage, Machinists’ and En=
gineer's Supplies,

HA MX K S S,

220 Tenth St., Corner of C Street Northwest,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Montague & Fuller,

Latest Improved

Bookbinders’

Machinery.

The Largest Line of Machinery
of any House in the World.

28 Reade St.. NEW YORK.

345 Dearborn St., CHICAGO,

n iG :m q av l .

Xbe StaDdard ^Dgrauing

HAS REMOVED TO THE

Central Power Station,

Rooms 562, 564, 566, 568 and 570,

FIFTH FLOOR, Near Passenger Elevators.

Fine Line and Half Tone Ihiiiraviiiff

Stereot ypi n g. E 1 eet roty pi n g.

-VII W'oi'lv I>ol i x't* VV'lioii 1 i ^.<*<1 .

The National Lithographing Co.,

461 and 463 C Street, WASHINGTON, D. C.

P h oto- L i t h ograp h i n g,

Photo-Engraving

HALF-TONE ETCHING ON C0I‘PER; MAPS and MECHANICAL
DRAWINGS ENLARGED OR REDUCED. /

Printed on Linen, Parchment, Drawing Paper or Card Board for PATENT ATTOk
NEYS to Accompany Applications for Patents in Foreign Countries.

All Kinds of Commercial Lithography.

The Washington National Building and Loan Association,

Ohio National Bank Building, Washington, D. C.

Par value of sliares$l()0, and the holder draxvs that amount in cash at matu-
rit\', estimated at seven to eight years time. Cost is 60 cents niontlifv or
S50 ill advance. On the latter rn.v// are jiaid semi-annually, at b

per rent per an)ium on the amount paid In. Either stock can be tvillidraMni
any lime after tliree months 'U'itli 6 jier cent and after two 3'ears tvith 8 per
cent. Unexcelled as a method of savi)}^ small or luvesting large sums.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.

Hon. JosKTH D. Taylor, Prc'sidenl. AV. F. Johnson, Gcn'i ,}fauagcr.

The Hatch & Holmes Manufacturing Co.,

MaiuifjK'tiirors of

Special Tools,
Small Hardware,
Machinery.

WllSir: AVOKIAIINC^ sspijci^ylty.

I'oekct (’iillcry to llie World riiilrr “The lliitcti Ciidery Co.”

The I’.lades of every Knife iiiaiuifactured under this brand are frnaranleed free from crack-s
and nut soft. Any knife not trivi iiff satisfaction tlirongli either of file above faults, will be re-
placed by a new knife at the factor.v.

Cor. Kossuth &. Seymore Sts., Bridgeport, Conn,

WILLETT & RUOFF,

UATTliRS o

fukrierv^

near 9th St.

Knights Templar Regalia.

AVnsli i ii&toii, 1>. C’.

Sole Ag-ents for Dunlap & Co.'s New Y ork Hats.
Furs Received on Storage.

T. E. CABEGL,

Contractor and Builder,

Cabinet Work a Spocialt.v. Jobbing done
Promptyv. Estimates for J>uilding.s Fur-
nished. Work Contracted for on the Best
Terms. Charg-es Moderate.

1131 1st Street, N. W., Washington, D. C

Fifth Year. I
No. 7. \

WASHINGTON, D. C., JULY, 1894.

j Single Copies lo Cents.
i $i Per Year.

TORPEDO BOAT “ ERICSSON.”

The New Miniature War Vessel Recently Launched
at Dubuque, Iowa.

Owiiiy to the va.st extent of sea coast of the United
States, it is j^enerally conceded that it would be
almost impracticable to gmard our coast line by any
system of land defenses within reasonable cost, and
as great battle ships and iron clads are foimid.ible
only in deep water, where they have unlimited
scope for maneu-
vering, it is evi-
dent that the only
remaining alter-
native for practi-
cal coast defense
is the agile small
craft and torpedo
boat so construct-
ed that she ctin
wield a telling
blow before the
warship discovers
her, and then run
away and be ready
to fight again some
other da}'. In con-
formity with this
plan the' “Eric.s-
son” or “ToriJedo
Boat No, 2” was
recently built and
launched at Du-
buque, la., and is
now on her way
to New York to t)e
there turned over
to the U. S. Navy,

Lieut. LTsher as-
suming command
with a crew of
twenty-six ni e n
and officers.

The new boat
has a length of
154 feet, a breadth

each boiler, giving the highest possible heating
service and admitting of the highest possible steam
pressure. These boiler tubes are covered with a
casing of magnesia and galvanized steel, ihese
Thornycroft boilers are used in the Ariele and the
Rayou, S])anish torpedo boats, which have attained
a speed of 26 and 25>< knots an hour respectively,
A knot is a mile and an eighth. The required .speed
of the Ericsson is 24 knots, and the buildei.s aie to
receive premiums ranging from 52,500 to 53,500 for

THE REW

of 15^ feet, and, with a depth of 10 feet 6 inches,
has a normal draught amidships of 4T feet and a
displacement of 1,50 tons. She has 1,800 maximum
horse power. The motive power consists of two
sets of four-cvlinder quadruple expansion engines
of the vertical, inverted, direct acting type, opera-
ting twin screws. The cylinder diameters aie 11 '2,
16, 21)4 and 30 inches. The stroke of all pistons is
lb inches. The estimate of indicated horse power
of the propelling and circulating pump engines,
1,800, is based on the propeller speed of 412 revolu-
tions per minute. One water-tight compartment is
sufficient for the two engines. Each of the two
boilers is also in a water-tight compartment, the
engines standing between them.

These coil or tubulous boilers are of the Thorny-
croft ])attern, and were built under royalty to the
English patentees. There are over 1,200 flues in

TORPEDO BOAT "ERICSSOR,” BUILT AT UUBUpUE, lOtt A,

each quarter-knot above the guarantee, and corres-
ponding reductions are to be made for deficiencies.

To secure strength the transverse system of con-
struction has been adopted. Longitudinal strength
has been secured by the use of an intercostal verti-
cal keel and broad, heavy stringer plates. The in-
tercostal keel connects the outer keel plate firmly
to the inner flat keelson. This prevents tripping
of the floors and reduces the vibrations caused by
the engines.

The steel which has entered into the construction
of the vessel has been subjected to chemical analysis
not only at the factory but in the ship yard where
Lieut. Bankson has also gone over it carefully with
a microscope in search of the slig-hte.st flaw. The
steel in the deck is made especially from g-overn-
ment specifications.

On the deck are hatchways, skylights and a con-

ning tower. From this tower the vessel is steered
and handled, and the power which regulates the
discharge of the torpedo originates. The only wood
used is the mast in the center and in the interior a
three ply veneer one-eighth inch thick. The inter-
ior of the Ericsson is divided into twelve water
tight compartments, and her armament consists of
a "fixed torpedo tube, whose mouth, eighteen inches
in diameter, i.s in the bow two feet above the in a-
ter line. This is fired by compressed air. On the

deck are four long
one-pounder rapid
firing guns for re-
pelling- boarders.
There are two
turn-table tubes
on a diverging or
training- circle aft
on the upper deck,
just abaft the af-
ter funnel. The
diameter of these
is fourteen inches.
T h e Whitehead
torpodo will be
used. The turn-
table tubes will be
discharged with
p o w d e r. T h e
Ericsson is i n -
tended for night
work and is pro-
vided with twenty
incandescent
lig-hts, four hand
lamps and a search
light that will
clearly reveal any
oliject within a
mile. The torpedo
is fired at a half
mile rang-e and
trav els thirty
miles an hour and
capable of des-

is

t r o y i n g a n )'
known ironclad. The torpedo is from 12 to 19 feet
in length and from 12 to 18 inches in diameter.
The commander maneuvers the vessel from the
conning- tower to his satisfaction, then piesses the
button, as it were, and the compressed air in the
torpedo gun does the rest.

The advantage of this class of boats is in their
light draft and rapid movement. They can hug the
coast and hide away in the numerous bays, inlets
and rivers that everywhere indent our coast, and in
the dead of night sally forth and strike a telling
blow before the enemy is ready for action.

With a system of interior ship canals connecting
Massachusetts bay with Long Island sound, and
New York bay with Delaware bay, and Delaware
and Chesapeake bays with the Potomac, a flotilla of
torpedo boats on our Atlantic coast could bid de-
fiance to the combined navies of the world.

134

THE INVENTIVE AOE

Estol)li»liecl 1889.

INVENTIVE AGE PUBLISHING GO.,

Stli and H Sts., 'WashiiijL^toii, 1).

Ali;x. S. CAi'EH.yRT.

;M.yR.snAi,L H. Jeivell.

The Inventivk Age is .sent, postage prepaid, to any address
in the United States, Canada or Mexico for Si a year: to any
other country, postage prepaid, SI. 50. All subscriptions stopped
at expiration of term.

Correspondence with inventors, mechanics, inaTiufacturers,
scientists and others is invited. The columns of this journal are
open for the discussion of such subjects as are (d^^'-eneral interest
to its readers.

Technical matter is particularly desired. "We want practical
information from practical men.

Nothimr will be published in the editorial columtts for pat'.

The Inventive Age is thorou^>-hly independent, and has no
alliance with aiyv patent attorney or patent bureau. It is the
friend of the inventor and the American manufacturer.

Advertisiiijr rates made known on application. Special facil-
ities for furnishinj'* cuts of any ]>atenled articlt* tojrether with
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Address all ct>mmunications to The Inventive Age, Wash-
injTtoii, D. C.

Entered at the Postoffire rn Washington as second-class matter.

WASHINGTON, I). C., JULY, 1894.

Thk Ne\Y York Hoard of Health has investig-ated
the (iiiestion of o]5eii street cars and finds that their
use in stormy weather is a menace to jniblic health.
As a result of the investig-ation the use of open cars
has been ])rohibited in cold or rainy weather, and
the familiar open grip car such as is in use on all ca-
ble lines has been condemned and ordered abolished.

Thk proposition to increase the first government
fee on an application for a patent from $15 to $17, is
absurd and unnecessary. The jiolicy of the govern-
ment should be to make the securing of a meritorious
patent easier and cheaper. Tlie government treas-
ury is already credited with over $4, ()()(), ()()() profit on
account of patent fees — a sum much larger than it
should be.

Thk exit of the overhead trolley system as a mo-
tive power for street railways seems to be onlv a
(piestion of time. The successful ojieration during
the jiast year of the IT street conduit trolley in the
cit}' of Washingti.)!! has practically demonstrated
that the unsightly jioles and wires overhead are no
longer necessary for rapid transit ])urposes ; and
recently contracts have been sig'tied for equi])ment
by the General Llectric Company for three mile.s of
Conduit electric railroad for the Metropolittin Trac-
tion Co., in the u])per jiart fif New Y(jrkcit3'. If the
SY’stem ])roves successful, it will be but a short time
till public safet\' and American aestheticism will
demand the lowering of poles and wires ever^’where.

In this issue is presented the able ])a])cr, ])re])ared
by Mr. Walter S. Logan, of New York on “Needed
Modification in ( )ur Patent Laws,” and read befijre
the meeting of the American Association of Inven-
ttn's and Manufacturers. In this paper Mr. Lo-
gan combats the idea that simple invention is
sufficient to g'ive an inventor an absolute nionopolv,
and also advocates the policy’ of recognizing the
claims of more than one person to an invention
where several inventors, working independentlv on
the same problem reach substantiallj' the same
result at about the same time. There is log'ic in
this argument and Mr. Logan’s pa]>er will be read
with interest by inventors and others interested in
the advancement and improvement of the patent
system.

About the 1st of Maj" the cruiser Bennington ar-
rived in San Francisco, after a cruise around the
world, covering a period of 83 days and a distance of
13,269 miles. The trip of the Bennington is inter-
esting as showing the possibilities of dispatching
naval vessels to various parts of the world in c.aseof
emergencies. The fact that had the Nicaragua
canal been built and iu operation, the Bennington
would have reached San Francisco in less than 40
days instead of 83, and would have saved the coal
burned in 6,000 miles of ocean travel, is a strong ar-

gument in favor of the speed\' completion of that
great enterprise. Additional arguments showing
whv this government should control this inter-
oceanic route are numerous and too apparent to need
mention. In this connection it is a pleasure to note
that during- the past month a special committee of
the House has been engaged on a bill which will
soon be presented ju'oviding for the completion of
the Nicarag-ua canal under government supervision.
The bill provides that the capital stock of the Mari-
time Canal Companv, of Nicaragua, shall consist of
830,000 shares of the par value of $100 each, which
shall be non-assessable, and no more than this num-
ber shall ever be issued except bv consent of Con-
gress. It also provides that when the old Maritime
Canal Companv shall have called in and cancelled
all its stock except that issued to Nicarag-ua and
Costa Rica, and all liabilities settled, the Secretary
of the Treasury shall, in behalf of the United St.ates,
subscribe for 700,000 shares of the capital stock of
said compain’, and the comjjany shall thereupon is-
sue to the Secretarj’ of the Treasury 700,000 shares
of the ca])ital stock of the com])anjy to be deposited
with the Treasurer of the United States, and in ad-
dition thereto, 10,000 shares of non-assessable capi-
tal stock of the said company' is to be deliyered to
such persons as maj' be designated bj' the stock-
holders of the Maritime Canal Comparn’, whose
stock has been surrendered and canceled. This
bonus given to the company, the offices of directors
of the old companj" shall then be declared vacant,
excei)t such as represent Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
The new board will consist of eleven directors, one
each named by Nicaragua and Costa Rica, one by
the stockholders of the Maritime Canal Company,
and eight bj' the President of the United States.
Not more than four of them named by the President
shall be of the same political jjarty. Their compen-
sation shall be $5,000 a year. Everj' director ap-
pointed by the President of the United States shall
make a personal inspection of the canal at least emee
<'i year. On the reorganization of this board the
Secretary of the Treasury' shall have an accounting
with the old stockholders and deliver to them capi-
tal stock ecpial to the amount thej' have already ex-
pended in the construction of the canal. This sum
shall not exceed $4,500,000. The United States re-
serves the right to ])urchase this stock at peir any
time except that issued by Nicaragua ;ind Costa
Rica. Dividends upon the stock must be made from
the net earnings and shall never exceed 5 per cent
of the par value of the stock. The construction of
the canal is to be under the supervision of United
States engineers. The act will be void if the com-
pany fails to complj' with its recpiirements within
nine months after its passage.

Misrepresenting the Cause of Labor.

No good can come to the cause of labor from such
misguided attempts at the amelioration of the woes
of mankind as that instituted bj" an erratic horse
trader by the name of Coxej', and a blattant fron-
tiersman named Browne. These self constituted
leaders of a tpiarter of a thousand weak-minded
idlers came to Washing-ton for the purpose of further-
ing certain legislation in the direction of good roads.
They came, not to present their petition and appear
before the regularly constituted working committees
of Congress, but with the avowed purpose of violat-
ing the statutes bj' assembling a mob of peojile on
the Cajjitol grounds and preaching the fundamental
principles of socialism. They defied the authorities,
and, tis a result, thej' were arrested, tried by a jury
of their peers, convicted and sent to jail for a period
of twenty daj's. In the meantime the poor, misguid-
ed privates in the “Commonweal of Christ Army ”
as they are pleased to call themselves, go into camp
on the outskirts of the city to pose as martjws and
stand as living examples of the tyranny and op-
pression of plutocracy. Dependent entirelj' upon
charities these poor, simple minded people have been
reduced almost to starvation rather than desert
their “cause,” as thej' call it, and strike out for
work on an independent American citizen basis.

In this connection another phase of the industrial
depression, touched upon bj" The Iron Age in a

leading editorial, is of more than passing interest :
“ At a time when patient industry is most essential
in upbuilding the fabric of confidence, labor trou-
bles intervene to check the work and continue the
wearisome reign of disorganization. Just as em-
ploj'ers of labor are graduallj- feeling their waj' to
a resumption of operations and more workmen are
again finding their names on paj" rolls, the demon
of discontent begins his fell work and strikes be-
come prevalent. The knowledge that more work-
ingmen are obtaining emplojmient causes those
whose wages have been reduced to believe that pros-
perity has returned and that thej- are being unjustly
treated. Instead of feeling thankful that emploj'-
ment can again be secured, they murmur at the low
wages paid and revile the men who are endeavoring
to provfide them with work. They are consequentlj"
ready to follow the advice of labor agitators and
abandon their ta.sks when the word of command is
given by their despotic leaders.

Congress is condemned, and justlj', for its inac-
tion on momentous public questions, but working
men, are almost, if not quite, as much to blame now
for a continuance of the business depression as Con-
gress. If everj' able bodied workingman in the
United States should make an effort to obtain em-
plojmient wherebj’ he could earn some kind of a liv-
ing, even if the pay' for the present should be scanty',
endeavoring- at the same time to live frugallj' and
forego the luxuries of a happier era, he yvould be tak-
ing the very best course to bring about the restora-
tion of good times and the return of business con-
ditions which yvould enable em])lo3'ers to 3>a3' better
yvages. The man who refuses to yyork for $1 be-
cause he formerly earned $1.25 to $1.50, or for
$2 because he once found his labor bringing $3 is un-
yvittingly a stumbling block in his oyvn path as well
as that of his neighbor.”

No Storage of Electricity.

Popular notions of storage batteries are that they
.accumulate electricity, store it up and keep it bottled
for future use. As a matter of fact, hoyvever, re-
marks a contempor,ar3', there is no actual storage of
the subtle tluid in the .accumuhator. What is done is
simpl3' to convert the accumulator into a reservoir of
active ingredients which yvill themselves become a
primar3' b.atter3' and generate electricity. The stor-
age battery is simply .an ordin.ary battery put into
shape for action b3' means of electrolysis. In its
simplest form the storage battery consists of le.ad
plates. A current of electricity passing between the
pl.ates oxidizes the metal on the surface, forming
peroxide of le.ad. The forced current ceasing, a chem-
ical action takes place, reducing the film of lead per-
oxide back to spong3' lead. This chemical action
produces the electricity yvhich is popularly supposed
to be stored. The “ grid” form of plate is now used
and the method employed is to mix the oxide of lead
yvith a dilute solution of sulphuric acid until it
becomes a thick paste and then to plaster this ma-
terial, called active material, into tlie gird. After
the plates are filled they are assembled together, al-
ternativel3' positive and negative. They are plunged
into ati acid bath and .'ire charged yvith a current.
O.xygen is liberated at the positive plate and h3'dro-
gen at the negative. The ox3'gen acts on the red
le.ad and the sulphate of lead, converting them into
peroxide : the hydrogen acts on the litharge and sul-
ph,ate at the negative pole, reducing them to spongy
lead. Thus formed, the plates are yvashed and dried
and permanently mounted.

Establishing Electrical Units by Law.

A bill of Mr. Charles W. Stone, of Pennsylvania,
which has passed through the House of Representa-
tives, defines and establishes the units of electrical
measure. It gives legal recog-nition to the units of
electrical measure adopted by the International
Electrical Congress yvhich met in Chicago last
autumn. These electrical units are the familiar
units of resistance, current and E. M. F., knoyvn as
the ohm, the ampere and the volt respectively. To
these are added the unity of quantity, designated as
the Coulomb ; the unite of capacity called the Farad;
the unit of work, the Joule ; the unit of power, the
Watt, and the unit of induction, called the Henry.

The experiment of injecting cement through
quicksand to form a solid foundation for servers,
buildings, etc., has proven a success.

THE INVENTIVE AQE.

135

NOTES AND NEWS.

Electric Fisliing'. — A French electrician has in-
vented a fish-catching- net with an electric light to at-
tract the fish. 'When around the net its pneumatic
rim slowl3' inflates and rises to the surface, therebj-
entrapping without frightening them.

* -it *

Prc.scrviiig' Eg-gs. — Francis M. Underwood, of
Pasadena, Cal., is the inventor of a new process for
the preservation of eggs. The eggs are placed in a
cabinet and subjected to the fumes arising from the
combustion of nitrate of strontium, oil-of eucal3'ptus
and cassia bark.

* » *

Turpin’s Electric AVar Chariot. — It is said that
the French War Department refused to bu3" from M.
Turpin, the inventor of melinite, a new electric
chariot or mitrailleuse firing autoniaticall3- 25,000
bullets a minute, and that M. Turpin thereupon sold
his invention to German3'.

* * *

(Ireased Ships. — Edison is now at work with a
plan to grease the sides of ships so thatthe3' will slip
through the water more readil3'. He sa3's the fric-
tion of salt water and its constituents is much more
than is generalh' believed, and if he can do what
he is tr3'ing to do, the Campania can make the
vo3'age between New York and Eiverpool in four
da3's.

* * *

Fastest AA'ar A'csscl Afloat. — The speed trial
of the new war vessel Minneapolis shows that vessel
to be the fastest war ship afloat. Her speed reached
a maximum of 23.35 knots an hour, which is a
fraction under 27 statute miles. Her average speed
during the trial was 22.26 knots. The Minneapolis
is the 273d ship launched b3- the Cramps and the
11th of the new navv. The contract cost is $2,690,-
000.

* * *

A'ac<‘iiiatioii for Cholera. — Experiments made
in India under the auspices of the health authorities
at Calcutta indicate that cholera niav be prevented
b3' vaccination with anti-choleraic virus. In a vil-
lage of 200 inhabitants 116 were inoculated with this
virus. Out of ten cases of cholera in a recent epi-
demic in the village, resulting in seven deaths,
every one of the persons affected was among those
who had not been treated.

* * *

A Oigaiitic Aroiiolitli. — What is claimed to be
the largest single stotie ever quarried is said to have
been taken recentH' from a quarr3' at Houghton
Point, near Ashland. Wis. This monolith, of Lake
Superior brown stone, is 115 feet long, and when
completed is to be 10 feet square at the base and 4
feet square at the top. The apex will be about 5
feet long and tappered to a 6-inch tip. This obelisk
is 10 feet longer than the largest of the Eg3’ptian
obelisks.

* *

C'ookiiig by Electri(*it3'.— It has been shown by
recent experiments that there is practicalU' no dif-
ference in cost between cooking b3- electricity and
bv coal, while the advantages of the former method
in point of comfort, cleanliness, and safet3' are con-
siderable. Of every 100 tons of coal burned in an
ordinar3' cooking stove ninet3'-six tons are, it is
said, practicalU' wasted, whereas with electricit3’ the
expense is not so much on the fuel as on labour and
interest on niachiner3'.

* * *

Long- Di.staiice Seeing Alaeliine. — It is said
that Prof. Alexander Graham Bell is now engaged
in experiments looking to the perfecting of a ma-
chine harnessing electricit3' to light, so to speak, so
that it will be possible for one’s vision to be ex-
tended to any distance desired. Prof. Bell insists
that the fact has already been demonstrated and
that it onH' remains to construct the apparatus nec-
essary to bring the possibilities of the discovery
into actual and practical use.

* -Xr *

Difference lietween tlie Knot and the Mile.

— One of the things which it seems difficult for the
public mind to grasp is that there is a decided dift'er-
ence between the knot and the mile. It is certainH'
about time to have it thoroughh- understood that the
two are not the same thing. It seems eas3' enough
to remember that a mile is only about 87 per cent, of
a knot, the latter being, approximately, 6,082 feet in
length, while the statute mile measures 5,280 feet
Three and one-half miles are equal, within a small
fraction, to three knots. The result of this differ-
ence, of course, is that the speed of a vessel in miles
per hour is alwa3's considerabh- larger than when
stated in knots, and the confusion of the terms some-

times gives rise to rather remarkable claims of speed
performance. When a 20-knot ship, for example, is
lightly mentioned, it should be remembered that this
realH' means a little over twent3'-three miles ; simi-
larl3q with higher figures, which are often glibl3'
enough stated, the difference between the terms is
worth bearing in mind. It will help to guard against
the forming of ridiculous estimates of a vessel’s
capabilities.

**•)(■

Tlie Highest Tower in the AATnfld. — At Wem-
ble3' Park, which is about six miles from the heart
of London, there is in the course of erection at the
present time a tower the total height of which will
be 1,150 feet — 175 feet higher than Eiffel Tower.
Over ISO men are now emplo3-ed fitting pieces of the
tower together. There will be four elevators. Two
of them go up to the first platform onUq which is at
a height of 150 feet from the ground and two will
go up to 900 feet, where there is to be an upper land-
ing-. Above this there will be sev'eral smaller land-
ings, to be reached b3’ stairs onh'.

» -K- 4f

Ramie Silk; — The effort is being made to estab-
lish the ramie silk industr3^ in this countr3'. Ramie
is a vegetable product, obtained from a sort
of nettle native to the Mala3' archipelag-o, and is
grown extensiveH' in Japan and China. The Jap-
anese spin and weave it b3' hand into a pongee silk
that cannot be told even b3' an expert from the real
silk, the onl3' difference being that it has a trifle less
g-loss than the worm silk. Another difference is
that it does not stretch, and it makes a water-proof
fabric stronger than canvas for high g-rade sails. It
is not affected b3' water, and taken altogether a pure
ramie silk, while much cheaper than cocoon silk, is
much more durable.

* * *

Fire-Proof Eumber. — A Mr. Nicholas T. Wil-
son, of Chicago, has invented a chemical solution, b3'
which he claims that wood can be rendered fire-
proof. If saturated in this solution, he maintains
that it is impossible for a piece of lumber to burn,
even if it should be soaked in coal oil. The wood or
inflammable material of which houses are con-
structed is first immersed in the solution of chemicals
for a period of twent3'-four hours. The lumber is
thus claimed to be made fire-proof and will burn no
more than a piece of iron or stone. Bv means of the
chemicals, the wood becomes so dense that heat will
decompose it b3' charring onl3% but will not cause
anv flame. The substance produces an inert gas,
which prevents combustion.

* * »

A Young Inventor’s Record. — A g-enius,
thirteen years old, Delmar Zeitler, 2148 Berlin avenue
Chicago, has brought out twenty electrical inven-
tions, of which the following- is a list : Electric gun
and cartridge, ammeter, new motor, electric lantern,
speed register, new telephone, electric water gaug»-e,
telautograph, arc light, current changer, railroad
switch and signal S3'stem, differential switch, elec-
tric railroad gates, electric scales, self-registering
thermometer, electric railroad brake, arc lig-ht,
lightning arrester, marine engine reg'-ulator, d3’namo
regulator, motor regulator, camera, voltmeter. The
voung inventor, it is stated, is a great reader, and
devotes most of his time in electrical stud3- and in-
vestigations.— Electrical Reporter.

4f' » *

S3 ini)athetic A'ibratioiis. — If two tuning forks
of the same pitch are placed facing each other, the
one sounding, the other silent, in a few seconds the
silent one will be giving out a distinctly audible
note. Water being an excellent conductor of sound,
Capt. Neale has lateH’ invented a s3’stem of tele-
graphing through this medium b3' the law of S3'm-
pathetic vibrations. Experiments lateh^ made
proved eminentl3' successful. In the signaling, the
Morse code was used. He proposes to use his in-
vention in exchanging messages between ships at
sea and between ships and lighthouses or harbors.
No other connection than that the water supplies is
required, and it does not matter whether a vessel is
at rest or in motion when receiving or sending a
message.

•JC' #

Xo3v Treatment for Consninption.— Mr. G.

B. Underwood has invented an apparatus that prom-
ises to revolutionize the treatment for tuberculosis
or consumption. The principle of his invention is
to raise the temperature of common air to a degree
where it becomes sterilized and at a high tempera-
ture passes through and absorbs certain medicines
that are desired to penetrate the lungs for the de-
struction of bacilli. Thereupon the patient 133' means
of an ingeniousl3' constructed inhaler inhales the
medicated air which is enabled to reach ever3- cav-
it3' of the lungs, and complete destruction of the
disease germ is the result. The inventor is engaged
in making certain improvements in his apparatus

preparator3' to its general -introduction to the med-
ical profession.

* * #

The Haskell Gun . — After nearE' two 3-ear^,
spent in its construction the Haskell multicharge
steel gun has at last been completed at the Scott
Works, Reading, Pa. It is to be .sent at once to
Sand3" Hook for trial b3" the Government e.xjjerts.
The steel of which the gun is composed was made at
Bethlehem, and special machiner3- was made to fin-
ish certain portions of the gun. Congress made two
appropriations of $55,000 and $53,000. respectiveh',
for the manufacture of Colonel Haskell's invention.
Including the cost of projectiles, carriage and test-
ing, the total cost of the trial gun is estimated at
$120,000. A special feature of this weapon is two
powder pockets along the chamber beside the breech.
The gun weighs 35 -tons and is 35 feet 2 inches long.
The diameter of the bore is 8 inches.

■jf -Jf

An Tii^oiition for the Deaf.— Prof. Bell ar-
gues that hearing is nothing more than the result
of vibrations of sound beating upon the drum of the
ear, which is communicated to the brain b3' a series
of nerves. Deafness is a defect in this means of
communication. A person can hear perfectly
through his teeth, as is commonly demonstrated b3'
placing one end of a pocket-knife in the mouth and
the other end on a piano, and it is equalp' eas3' to
communicate sound waves to the brain through anv
other bony substance — even the skull itself. There-
fore, Prof. Bell is constructing an apparatus which,
attached to the head, will gather in the sound waves
like the transmitter of the telephone, and repeat
what they sa3" to the skull, which will conve3' the
information to the brain that lies beneath it.

Dowe’s Buflet Proof Coat.

The science of warfare, especialh- that portion of
it which relates to the use of small arms, is threat-
ened to be revolutionized by the introduction of
bullet-proof armor for man and beast. The recent
tests by foreign army officers of Herr Dowe’s inven-
tion in this line are reported to have shown remark-
able results. The coat or armor invented bv this
German, has withstood penetration from the dead-
liest of small fire arms, and the remarkable feature
of the tests lies in the fact that the inventor wore
the coat himself. At London, recentp-, a Brittish
army officer fired at the armor with a' Eee-Mitford
rifle, which was capable of piercing the bodies of five
men at a distance of one thousand 3'ards, and not
only was the armor not pierced but the inventor

himself appeared to be unshaken, remarking that
the shock caused him no pain. Firing at the coat
hung about plate glass and plaster busts showed the
backing to be undisturbed. The coat weighs sixteen
pounds and is said to be quite cumbersome, though
the inventor claims he can reduce the weight one-
half. It appears to be made of felt, about two inches
thick. Another inventor has appeared upon the
field, however with the statement that he has dis-
covered a material and method b3' which he can
manufacture a bullet-proof armor for man and beast
that will be fulU' as efficient as Dowe’s and one that
will not weigh half as much and cost about one-
third as much.

Inventive genius has been struggling to produce
rapid firing small arms of great penetration, and it
has been ver3- successful during the past five 3'ears,
but the introduction of an armor of this character
would seem to make the new army rifles useless in
time of war. The bullets used in these guns are
ver3' small in calibre andflaten into cup shape when
fired against this new armor without injur3' to the
wearer. Light, rapid firing cannon which will send
a ball with a force be3'ond human or animal resist-
ance would therefore appear to be the coming des-
tructive instrument in time of warfare.

Names of All Patent Attorneys.

There has recently been compiled bv Virg-inia tV. Middleton,
the well known stenographer, a list of all attorneys practicing
before the United States Patent Office. This little volume is of
incalculable value to inventors. attorne3-s and manufacturers.
The clotlubinding costs $1.50 and paper cover $1. Send to The
Inventive Age, Washington, D. C. Edition limited.

136

THE INVENTIVE AOE.

Needed Modifications of Our Patent Laws.

liv tVAi/ncK S. Logan.

[Pape*' road beforo Uio Aniorican Association of liivenlors aiul

Mannf actii rors. al its annual iiieetiny in VVashi nfrton, II. C.,

January 16. l.s')4|.

( Ihservation.s made in the coiir.se of a .somewliat
extended and laborious patent practice lead me to
the conclusion that certain crucial chaiptfes in the
I^atent Laws of the United State.s are necessary to
o-ive the country and the people, inventors and con-
sumers alike, the fullest possible benefit of our pat-
ent system ; and I submit the followimy propositions
to this Association for discussion and for its judiy-
ment :

1. We should not insist upon absolute novelty in
the invention, as a condition of a patent.

2. Where several inventors, workiii”' independ-
entlv on tlio same jiroblem at the same time, reach
substantially the same result, or where all contrib
ute to the result, the reward, that is, the profit of the
total invention, should be judicially divided amonrf
the inventors, according'- to their respective merits.

.1. Simple invention should not be enouij'h to jj'ive
a man an absolute monopoly. The inventor should
lie reipiired in addition to reduce his invention to
practice and introduce its benefits to the public, or
if he fails to do so, another under ]iroper restrictions
should have the rijyht to do it and to share in the
profits of the invention.

4. Where the inventor himself fails, either di-
rectly or throuy'-h a license. t<.i supply the full public
demand for the patented invention, at prices which
are at the same time reasonable to the public and
yive him a fair and liberal royalty for his invention
then the Court should have the power to compel him
to i;'rant licenses to others on reasonable terms, and
to fix those terms.

In order to discuss these four pnqiositions intelli-
gently. it is necessary fo’" us to consider for a mo-
ment the ])hilosophical basis of jirojiertv in inven-
tions.

We are living'' in un unreverential ai,''e. Institu-
tions can no lonsyer stand on the basis of immemo-
rial e.xistence. Custi.nn. however hnify contimu d. is
not a sufticient jusciticatic.m fc.ir any thiipiy. Even
the mantle of reli}yioti and the teachitifys of Holy
Writ will not sullice. ICverythiiify must justify it-
self by showiniy that it fits into the conditions of
modern life, and is, on the wlu.ile, beneficial to the
human race, or it must jierish.

This test is applied even to such institutions as
the Christian church and the marriag-e relation —
deemed until recent times, too holy and too sacred
for discussion or ([uestion.

Among' the things most severely and persistently
attacked in recent years has been the instituticn of
projierty. Shall ]jrivate property of any kind con-
tinue or shall the state, or the jniblic in some form,
be the onh' capitalist ? Shall individuals or sets of
individuals be allowed to maintain monopoli.-s in
some of the good thing's of the earth — in lands, in
personal property or in rights and franchises, or
shall all be allowed to enjoy everything' eipially ?

The anarchist and the nihilist would jiull down to
the foundations and begin all anew ; the communist
would start with a re-divisicni of thing's ; the solialist
would hold all things in common ; the nationalist
would make the state the only propertv (iwner ; and
Mr. Henry (leorg'e would abolish jirivate ownership
in simple land and franchises and open the earth's
surface on free and equal terms to all it.sjieojile.

There is more or less fascination in discussing' and
sjieculating iqion all these questions ; but mv charter
here, to-night, limits me, and I can consider none of
them e.xcept as the consideration bears upon the
question of patents, or jiroperty in inventions.

We have to watch tendencies now as we never did
before. The sticcessful business man or lawver, as
well as the leg'islator, must be something of a seer.
Things move sci rapidly and change so ([uickly in
this age of railroads, steamshijis, teleg'raphs and
telephones, of the printing jn'ess, the newspaper and
the magazine, under the stimulus of free thoug'ht
and universal discussion, that unless one looks far
ahead and steers his bark with the current, he will
find himself stranded and left behind.

In what direction is projierty in inventions drift-
ing ? Is the inventor to be better or worse pro-
tected as years roll by ? Is it safe for a man to
make it his life’s work to discover some new or bet-
ter way of doing' something', and what reward can
he reap for his labor ? Shall he provide cheaji food
for the world and then die of hung^er himself ? Shall
he invent some new way of ministering' to the gen-

eral hajqiiness and then live a life of individual
jioverty and wretchedness : or will the new civiliza-
tion jirovide rewards adequate to the service tind
jiav for what it gets ?

There is no question which can be discussed, here,
or anywhere, of more transcendent imjjortance.

There has been a great deal of sjieculation ujion
the jjhilosiihical basis of jjrojjerty in general. Why
is one man allowed ti.i put a fence around acres of
the earth’s surface, the common heritage of human-
itv, and keeji all other men oil? Why can any one
monojKilize a rich jewel, dug out of the common
earth, or a beautiful jianel carved from a tree out of
nature's forests? Why ciin he ajijjrojjriate to him-
self the fruit and increase of flocks and herds which
roam over the common sward and feed ujion the
hei bage which comes from Hod's laboratory ? Hr
why can the few men who comjiose the New York
Central Railroad Comjiany have the exclusive jiriv-
ilege of running a railroad through the Mohawk
Valley ?

Some incijhent jihilosojiher in the time of the New
Tc.'.tament was asking such a (juestion as this of
( >ne at whose feet the world has since learned to
worshij), and the rejily came back. " Render unto
Ca-sar the things that are Cicsar’s.” The answer
was one worthy <.if its divine orig^'in, and so far as it
goes no fault can jiossibly be found with it as an
ethical ma.xim ; but considered as an absolute rule
of conduct, the difficulty with it is that we don't
know what is jircqierly Caesar’s and what isn't, and

WALTER S. LOGAN.

no attemjit is made to enlighten us ujion this sub-
ject. Is it Ca'sar’s or some one else's because it
bears a certain image or sujierscri jitii.m ? Does it
e.xist for the jirivate benefit of some particular indi-
vidual, liccause he hajijiens to have been able to en-
close it in his brawny hand and defend it with his
strong arm ? Is it his. simjily because he has taken
it from the bowels of the earth or re-fashioned some
work of nature ? Is it his because a man-consti-
tuted court has sat in judg'inent on the (juestion and
the sherifl' or marshal has delivered it into his cus-
tody ? Is it his because he has some jirivilege or
immunity, general or sjjecial, which is (lenied to the
rest of humanity ? Is it his simjjly liecause he
claims it and nobody else olijects? What rule shall
'we adojit, what test shall we ajijily, to determine the
(juestion of ethical ownershiji to anj'thing of which
jH'ojjerty is jiredicated ?

I’hilosojihcrs. metajihysicians jind economists may
discuss the (juestion to any extent thev will, and
settle it to their own satisfaction as they may ; but
as for us, jilain, jiractical men, who hav'e to take the
world as we find it, and are not even fullv satisfied
that we C(juld have made a better otie if we had had
the contract, there is onlj' one ;ide(juate basis for the
right of jirojierty— the general good of all humanity.
Private (jwnershiji of lands ami goods has been ac-
(juiesced in. and our civilization has been built uj)
around it, simjjlj- because the world has discovered
by exjierience that it is better for all concerned, for
the man who has not, as cvell as for the man
who has, that it should be so ; because it has
been found that each man gets more of the good
things that the earth has to g'ive him, with an ex-
clusive and jjersonal title to a little, rather than with

an undivided, general interest in much. The basis
of (jur titles is not in religion, in force, in sentiment
or in wrong ; it is in the fact that long centuries of
experience have shown that the institution of jiri-
vate jn'ojierty is for the general welfare. The man
who has jirofits b_v his own, and the man who has
not jirotits by the jiossessions of his neighbors. It
is, for the ordinary citizen, easier to buy a dinner,
ready cooked, th;in to cook it, and besides, he jirob-
ably gets a better dinner. The man just entering
life is beter off, if he have a chance to earn a living
by working for others, than if he simjily had an un-
divided interest in uncultivated acres and full liberty
to work and labor tliereon to his utmost on his own
account. The real test to which all human institu-
tions must af last submit is : W^ould the world in
the ag'gregate be better off, with, or without, them?
Private jirojjerty will continue so long as it is use-
ful to humanity, and if the time ever comes when it
ceases to be useful, the institution of jirivate jiro-
jierty will cease.

How is jirojierty useful? What g'ood does it jier-
form? What sjihere in the world’s economy does it
occujiv? As we answer these (juestions we shall be
able to judge what kinds of jirojierty are likely to
continue longest, to be held in the hig'hest esteem
and to jiroduce the greatest jiroHt to the owner.

I see nothing in jirojierty but a universal, highly
evolved, automatic and generally just, system of re-
wards. Hwnershiji of jirojierty enables its jmssessor
to enjoy more of the blessings the world has to be-
stow and to get more out of life than he could with-
out it. So everybody wants jirojierty. The world
needs the work of its inhaliitants. To get jirojierty,
the citizen must be industrious, and so the world
benefits by his industry. The world needs the results
of accumulation and ac(ju isition. To accumulate
and ac(juire, one has to be frugal and saving, and so
the world jirohts by the individual's frugalitj'. The
world neecls great works of imjirovement, railroads,
steamshijis, factories, machinery, liuildings, jier-
manent structures and works of a luindred kinds.
The ownershiji of tliese is jirohtable and jiroduces a
revenue. Therefore jieojile invest the jiroceeds of
their labor and their accumulations in these works,
and the world jirohts thereby.

But what does the world need most? What is it
that has, within the last century, revolutionized the
face of the earth and changed the whole manner of
men's lives? What is it that makes the world a so
much lietter jilace to live in now than it was a cen-
turv ago? Mainly the work of its inventors and dis-
coverers— of such men as Huttenliurg', Awkrig'ht,
Watt, Stejihenson, Fulton, IMcCormick, Pullman,
Morse, Bell. Edison and hundreds and thousands of
others whose united work has made it jiossilile to
cross the continent now easier than you could go one
hundred miles in olden times ; enables us to steji
into a jialace, and after a few days of luxurious liv-
ing', arrive on the other side of the earth ; has made
food so cheaji that none need go hung^ry and cloth-
ing so easY to obtain that shoji-girls are dressed in
finer raiment than (jueens used to wear ; gives us the
brilliancY of noonday through the long winter even-
ings, at an insignificant cost, the morning' newsjia-
jiers for two cents, and books so cheaji that libraries
are getting' out of chite : and enables us to enjoy life
in all its jihases to an extent that our g^randfathers
never could have dreamed of.

And so, we jiay rewards to our inventors. We
didn’t ajijireciate at first what they were doing for
us, and we got their work too cheaji — so cheaji that
manv a man who has done more for humanity with
his brain than all the Rothchilds ever did with their
money has died in poverty, and even his memory
has had to wait fora more ajijireciative generation
to do it justice. But these thing's rig'ht themselves,
and mistakes and wrongs rarely survive the genera-
tions which commit them. We are honoring our in-
ventors now in a more substantial way ; we are
beginning to allow them to g'et rich. I expect to live
to see the time when Thomas A. Edison will be
wealthier than ain' of the Vanderbilts, and he ought
to be.

The world will need the services of the inventor
quite as much in the future as it ever has in the jiast.
We have only cajitured the outjiost of knowledge,
jiicked uji a few grains here and there on the border.
The whole vast country be3'ond is unexplored and
waits for the great benefactors of humanitj' to re-
cover it. In electrical science, for instance, we have
onlj' scratched the surface. The dejiths that have
3'et to be revealed, no man has ever sounded. We
have onh' learned the jirimer of the art of transjior-
tation. We still cling clumsih' to the earth and dare
not 3’et tread the free and waiting air. We dig deep
in the g'l'ound for dirtv coal, while the clean sun-
light goes to waste all around us ; and we still
laboriouslj' use the jilow and the hoe to raise food,
while we are waiting' for the .great chemist to come
who will Jiroduce it direct from earth and air, with-
out the intervention of veg'etable or animal life.
The jilanet we live on is good enough and there is
enoug'h of it to sujijiort ten times the population it
noiv has, in comjiarative ease, luxury and leisure,
instead of laborious and g^rinding toil, if we only
knew how to do it. It is the inventors and discover-
ers who are to lead the wa3'. For the great services

THE^ TNVKNTIVK AOl^.

137

which they have to render in tlie future, tlie world
must pay them g-reat rewards. It needs what they
are doing now much more than it needs the result
of patient, plodding industry, the savings of the pru-
dent or the investments of the wise, and as it needs
it more, it must and will ])a_v better for it.

As property in inventions is the way the world has
of paying ,a reward to the inventor, and as the world
needs the work of inventors more than it needs the
work of any other class of its citizens, we may fair-
ly conclude that property iti inventions will last
longer and be more desirable than anv other kind of
property. The talk of repealing our jiatent laws is
the veriest nonsense. They are not to be repealed ;
at least while other kinds of propertv than patents
continue. Sooner will the world abolish property' in
land, property in flocks, property in goods, propertv
in everything else. If there is t(j be a survival of the
fittest, it must be the fittest that survives, and pro-
perty in inventions must last longest and be most
honored, because it is most needed and produces the
best results. IVe have outgrown the old idea that
patents are monopolies, a survival of a little that is
good from the mass of the selfish, unrighteous
monopolies of the time of Oueen Elizabeth. What-
ever the theory originally was, and however the
right first grew into the sj'steni of the Common Law,
a patent is now nothing but a species of property', as
well recognized and understood as property in lands
or chattels. There is no more monopoly about it than
there is about the ownership of a house or a horse.
It is a monopoly in the same sense that all propertv
is a moiKjpoly, and in no other sense. If we go back
to first principles and discuss the Ciuestion of ethics,
we shall find quite as much reason for giving a man
property’ in the labor of his brain as in the labor of
his hands, quite as much to justifv ownership in
thoughts as in things. But it is not necessary to
discuss the question of abstract right and justice.
We have no need to ajjpeal to religion or moralitj'.
We really give the inventor a piajperty in his inven-
tion. not so much because he has earned it, not so
much because it is his due and right, as because we,
the rest of the world, advantage by his enjoyment of
his own profits, and because we want everv man.bv
seeing his prosperity, to be stimulated to do as he
has done, and bv the expectation of similar results
in his own case, to himself be moved to invent or
discover something that the world needs.

Our patent laws should be formulated in view of
this fact. Thej' should be so drawn as to give the
greatest stimulus to inventors, and at the same time
let the world in g-eneral get the greatest benefit at
the least cost. It isn’t necessaiw' that we should
pa_v too lavishlv in order to g'ive most munificent re-
wards to the men who render the crreatest service in
the way of invention. All that, is needed is to see
that what the world does pay the inventor gets.

The])roblem before us is to so pa^' a little that the
inventor may get much. What we have been doing"
is to pay much, so that the inventor might get a
little. Industries have been paralized by ])atents
while patentees have remained poor.

The objects of the modification of our patent s^’s-
teni which I propose is to enable the world to get
more benefit from the invention, while the inventor
gets more profit from the patent : to make property
in patents more valuable to the patentee and at the
same time less onerous to the public : to jninish our-
selv'es less and profit him more.

Our jiatent laws m^w require that the inv'ention
shall be absolutely new, and this re(]uirement is
most strictly and (as many of us practicing patent
lawyers sometimes think), oppressivelv enforced by
the courts. Tlie inventor may devote the best part
of a lifetime to the perfection of some improvement
he sees to be necessary in a vital machine or jirocess
emploj’ed in some important industry. He succeeds
in his efforts. He produces a better result at half
the previous cost. He introduces his improvement
into every factory in the land. The whole nation
profits by being able to g"et some important product
of human industry c")!' vital necessity of life at a
much lower price : and then the inventor is defeated,
either in the Patent (Iffice in his application for a
patent— or, more likely, in the courts in trying to
enfore it -by something" that was never reduced to
practice, was never brought to the attention of the
world, and never did anyone anv g"ood, but which
appeared in some obscure publication, published in
a foreign lang'"uag"e, perhaps little understood and
less read, at a ])eriod so remote that the present
generation knew nothing" of it : or perhaps it is by
some insignificant experiment, made by one utterly
ignorant of its importance, in some distant region,
never made known and entirely forgotten ; but the
enterprising" lawyer for the defendant spends his
clieut’s mone^- with a lavishness which, if the real,
meritorious inventor was the object, would enable
him to live on a bed of roses the rest of his
life, and succeeds in getting on the track of it, and
wrests the old evidence from the oblivion to which
it rightly belonged: and the life of a man, who has
devoted the hig"hesc of talent to the noblest of jjur-
poses, is a wreck and a ruin ; and on the other side,
the chance is that not even the infringing defen-
dant gets any good of all this, for when he has paid
the cost of the litigation, he most likely finds that it

exceeds the net proceeds of his piracy, and that he
had much better paid a fair license to the patentee
and been, himself, protected by the jiatent.

Any lawyer, who is familiar with the decisicjns of
the Supreme Court of the United .States for the past
twenty years, knows that I am not overdrawing" the
picture or stating an exce])tional case.

The result is tliat mothers are wont to warn their
children against the dev’elopment of the inventive
genius, as in olden times they did against the black
man in the closet ; bankers refuse to loan monev to
an inventor, and patentees and i)aupers are apt to
be classed in the same categtjry.

And this is the way the world, which needs more
than it needs anything" else the services of the in-
ventors, encourag"es invention.

There is no logic in the reiiuirement of technical
novelty. The man who actually invents a thing"
the world needs, and teaches the world to use it when
it did not use it l)efore. is an invent(jr who is entitled
to the world's g"ratitude and its best rewards, and
should not be defeated because some one else may
have ])reviously stumbled on the same thing with-
out knowing its value or putting the world actuallv
in possession of it.

An invention should be new enough for a patent,
if the inventor, actually and independently invent-
ing it, brings it for the first time to the world's
actual knowiedg"e.

I submit that section 48S6 of the Revised Statutes
should be amended so as to read like this :

‘"Anv person who has inveiUed or discovered any useful art,
machine, tnanufaclure, or composition t»f matter, or am" useful
improvement thereof, not theretofore generally known or used,
may, upon |)ayment of the fees required b\" law and other prt)-
ceedintrs had. obtain a patent therefor.'"

with appihjpriate amendments in the lang-uag"e of
the other sections tct conform.

The section, as it now stands, is substantial! v as
it stood in the statute of 1836, and is therefore some-
thing over half a century old. During" that half cen-
tury the number of jiatentsin the United States has
increased from a few paltry thousands to more than
half a million, and in other countries in a like ratio.
There were few scientific publications then, where
there are multitudes now. Thechanceof finding an
anticipation of a valuable inv’ention then was very
small compared to the strong" probabilitv of finding"
it now. It was not much of a hardship to require
absolute nov'elty in the invention then, but torecjuire
it now makes the inventor not only a gambler with
fortune, but a gambler playing ag'"ainst loaded dice.
The section as drawn in 1836 maj’ have been theem-
b(jdiment of wisdom, but now, in our totally chan,g"ed
conditions, it seems the embodiment of folly.

My second proposed modification relates to divid-
ing the profits of the invention, where bona fide,
independent inventors, independently reach the
same useful result, in ig"norance of one another.

In my own practice, I hap])en to have had a little
personal experience which seems tome to emphasize
the importance of this proposed reform.

Three honest, bona fide, meritorious inventors,
each in aljsolute ignorance of the work and even of
the existence of the others, undertook to make an
improvement, of such a nature that it was revolu-
ti(jnary in its effect, in a very important industry.
They all devoted long" years of labor, study and ex-
periment to the matter. They all passed a g"ood
share of a lifetime in p(">verty, devoting" their time,
their talents and their money to the work. They all
reached sul)stantially the same result in substan-
tially the same way. They all arrived at the
])oint of invention within, at the most, two
months of time. Within a year after that, the in-
vention was in use in every civilized country and
was an assured success and of almost incalculable
value to the world. There was no question as to the
honesty or merit of all the three inventors or the ali-
solute independence of their work, and of their
ignorance of each other, previous to their invention.

It cost a tolerably g"Ood sized fortune to litigate the
<luestion as to which of the three, within that little
space of two months, actually reached the stag'"e of
invention first. My client won. He won only by a
neck — but he won. After paying^" all the expenses
of the litigation, including" a fee to myself of which
I have no cause whatever to complain, he realized a
f<3rtune from his in vention within a few years. The
cost of the litigation to the other inventors left them
and their backers financial wrecks, and the nervous
strain during the ordeal, and despondency over the
result, completely broke them uj) so that they died,
poor and broken hearted.

The fate of these men is not such as to encourg-e
others to seek to benefit the world bv the exercise of
inventive g"enius.

Under the law as it exists to-dav, every man who
is trying" bj' inventii’in to solve a i)roblem, whose so-
lution will benefit humanity no matter how much,
is only tempting Providence, and although entirely
successful, he may lose all his rewards because he
comes only a day too late.

Let us change our laws so as to make the inven-
tor's life, if we can, a little less of a lottery and his
reward, if successful, a little more sure, and we will
have more and better inventors.

These changes I have been so far advocating are

apparently for the benefit of the ])."Ltentee. It i^ triu-.
nevertheless, that whatever benefits the in\"i"m'.]"
stimulates inventi'jii. and so. henrfit.'^ the public,
and I think it cannot he fairly sitid tliat theref.u"m>.
in anv' sense or in any wa^-, benefit the luiteiitee ."it
the expense of the jtublic. The jjublic can h.'irdlt"
be said to h;ive g"enerally g"ainecl when the court'
have decided, as the3’ so often have, that some other-
wise v."ilid and valuable p.'itent was void, becau-e
while the ])atentee was a botia fide and meritorious
inventor, he had been .'Lntici]tated by some obscure
and un.'Ljtpreciated experiment, made ;ind forg"otten
long" 3'ears before. Some infring"er m;iv have got oil
with a whole skin, when otherwise he wouhl h."ive
h;id to pay heavy damages, but it can hardlv lie
said that his fate, so far as his own fortune w:is con-
cerned, was a imitter of public concern. The jiub-
lic are not interested in seeing" one man ])rotit bv
pirating the g"enius of another.

If inventors were required to devide the rewards
of something which the3" all independently invented,
individuals might have to be content with lesser
fortunes, but the public would be quite as well
served.

The last two of the amendments I jjropose arc de-
cidedly and jiositivelv in the interests of the [niblic.
and of the public alone.

It is in the interest of the public that an inventor
should be required to reduce his invention to actual
practice, and bring it into puldic use. or give up
some ])ortion of his reward to the ])ractical man
wh<5 does this, and it is likewise in the g"eneral in-
terests that the inventor should be required to
manufacture the patented article ."ind t(j sup])lv
them to the public, so that the puldic deimind is
fulL' met. at fair rates — that is. at rates which g"ive
him a liberal reward as an inventor in addition to a
fair profit as a manufacturer — or that he should
give licenses on fair terms to others who will.

The inventor should not be allowed to pursue, as he
is sometimes inclined under the present law. a dog-
in-the-manger polic3'. He must either do something
himself or allow others to do it. He gets a valuable
grant from the public and a reward for a su])posed
public service. He must render his service or give
up the reward. The public, if they g"ive him his
patent ma3’ fairly see "to it that they g"et the fruits
of the invention.

There will be found. I think, no practical difficulty
in fixing the amount of a proper license fee or per-
centag"e for a fair division of profits. Such ques-
tions would not ordinariL' be as difficult as the
questions which come before the courts everv da3'
in patent cases under the i)resent law. and the
courts can easilv' devise some convenient and ex-
peditious wav of reaching a fair determination.

Such, gentlemen of this association, are 1113' rea-
sons f(")r advocating the pro])osed changes in our
])atent legislation. With the reforms adojited. the
agg"regate burden of the patent laws upon the in-
dustrial public and the general community would. I
think, be lessened rather than increased, while it
seems ver3' clear that pro])ertv in patents wcmld be
sulijected to much less hazard, .'ind therefore would
be much more desirable and valu.'ible : the security
of the inventor would be much increased and inven-
tion in every wa3' stimulated.

While the public would g"ive less, the inventor
would g"et more.

Deer Park on the Crest of the Alleghenies.

To th("ise contemplating" a trip to the mountains in
search of health and pleasure. Deer Park on the
crest of the Allegheny (Mountains, 3.000 feet above
the sea level, offers such varied attractions as a de-
lightful atmosphere during both day and nig"ht. jiure
water, smooth, winding roads through the mountains
and valle3"s, and the most ])icturesque scenery in the
Alleg"hen3' range. The hotel is equi])ped with all
adjuncts conducive t<,) the entert;iinment. ])leasure
and comfort of its g"Hest.s.

The surrounding grounds, .as well as the hotel, are
lig"hted with electricit3'. Six miles distant on the
same mountain summit is ( )akland, the twin resort
of Deer Park, and ecpiallv as well equipjied for the
entertainment and ."U'C(")mmodation of its p.'itrons.
Both hotels are upon the main line of the Baltimore
and (dhio Railroad, have the advantages of its s]fien-
did Vestibuled I.imited Express trains between the
East .and West. Season excursion tickets, g"ood
for return passage until October 31st. will be placed
on sale at greatly reduced rates at all 3>rinci])al
ticket offices throughout the countr3". ( )ne wav
tickets re.'iding ftom St. Louis. Louisville, Cincin-
nati, Columbus, Chicag"o. and anv point on the B. Cv
( ). system to Washington. Baltimore. Philadel].diia,
or New York. (U" vice versa, are g"ood to stop oti at
either Deer Park, Mountain Lake Park or ( lakland,
and the time limit will be extended by ag"ents at
either resort upon apjilication. to cover the period of
the holders visit.

The season at these popular resorts commences
June 23rd.

For full information as to hotel rates, rooms, etc.,
address Heorg"e 1). DeShields. Manag"er. Deer Park,
or Oakland, Garrett Count3‘. Maryland.

138

THE INVENTIVE AGE

WORLD’S FAIR AWARDS.

What the Diplomas will Contain and the Law
Governing the Use of Fac-Similes.

The Bureau of Awards of the World’s Columbian
Commission, which has been located in this city
since the first of last December, is rapidly nearing
the completio:i of its labors, some idea of the extent
of which can be gained from the statement that
65,000 exhibitors entered more than 300,000 articles
for examination for award by the thirteen different
international departmental committees of judges.
Approximately 20,01)0 of these exhibitors received
awards of medals, which will be iiccompanied by
several thousand nujre dij^lomas. Under the rule
an exhibitor is entitled to receive one medal in each
group in which he was granted an award and one
dijdoma in each class. In other words, an exhibitor
who was granted an award in g-rouj) 69, (which was
designated as the g'foup for the generation and
transmission of power), on engines will receive but
one diploma and one medal, even though he may
have had a number of engines on exhibition and
several of them recommended for award ; but if he
should have received an award on engines and boil-
ers as well, he will receive two diplomas and one
medal, as his entire exhibit was made in one group
l)ut in two classes ; and this system will prevail
throug'hout the entire distribution of awards. Thus
the successful exhibitor who was fortunate enough
to have exhibits in sev'eral groups and a number of
classes will receive medals and diplomas accord-
ingly.

The duties of the Bureau of Awards have been of
considerable mag-nitude, the details of collating- the
g-rouping-s and classifications, correcting the names
and addresses of exhibitors, copving, in duplicate
form, the languag-e of the individual judges, c'erti-
fving to foreign and domestic executive commission-
ers lists of successful exhibitors from their respect-
ive countries and states, checking'- these liack with
the original records, recording the duplicate copies
of the tinding-s of the judges and forwarding a copv
of same to the exhibitor, has required the close a-t-
tention of a corps of efficient people, who, uj) to
date, have sent forth more than 16,000 of these offi-
cial copies of awards and attended to all the corres-
pondence and detail work in connection therewith.

The copies of awards as now going- forth to exhib-
itors will constitute the language used on the reg-
ular diploma, and will form the points of excellence
or merit as determined by each judge and confirmed
b)’ the committee of judges of whicli he was a mem-
ber.' The dijdoma will, therefore, constitute the
valuable part of each award, as the medals will all
be of bronze and alike except as to the eng'-raved
name of the person or firm upon whom bestowed.
The medals and dijjlomas are being- prepared under
direction of the Secretary of the Treasury, and their
distribution will no doubt begin as fast as they come
from the Philadelphia Mint and the Bureau of Print-
ing and Engraving, respectively. A modified form
of the reverse side of the medal has been prepared
by Augustus St. Gaudens, the original desig'-ner,
and but for the shock caused to the senses o-f cer-
tain officials in the first design, this feature of the
work might have been completed before this date.
Yet it is thoug-ht, from the best information obtain-
able upon the subject, that the medals will be re.ady
some time in September. ( )ne side will be from the
orig'-inal St. Gaudens’ design, and the reverse from
a form submitted by an attache of the Phil:idel])hia
mint.

One artist has now been working nearly a full
year upon the diploma plate and will prob.ably com-
plete the engraving within the twelve months, after
which the duplicate plates will be made and World’s
Fair exhibitors beg-in to be supplied with one of the
finest, if not the most elaborate specimen of plate
printing ever j)roduced.

The act of Cong-ress which authorized the Secre-
tary of the Treasury' to jirepare these symbols of
recog'-nizad merit also carried with it an almost lit-
eral Copy of the counterfeit law, and <'is a conse-
quence exhibitors and others who have been using
desig-ns in similitude of either the medal or dijjloma
for commercial purposes have found themselves har-
rassed by officers of the secret service division of
the Treasur}' Deiaartment. All these designs and
the printed matter containing- them have been seized
by these officers, and successful exhibitors thrown
into consternation by being brought face to face
with a law which prescribes a heavy fine and im-
prisonment.

A large number of exhibitors, however, hav'e been
publishing the languag'-e used bj' the judges as cer-
tified to them by tlie Bureau of Awards, and it has
been generally presumed there was no law to pre-
vent this, althoug-h the act covering the duplication
of the design of the medal or diploma also specifies
the inscription thereon, as will be noted, the section

of the law referring to this subject reading as fol-
lows

And every person who, within the United States
or any territorv thereof, without lawful authority,
makes or willingly aids or assists in making, or causes
or procures to be made, any die, hub, plate or mold,
either in steel or in plaster, or in an}' other substance
whatsoever, in the likeness or similitude as to the
design, or inscription thereon, of any die, hub, plate,
or mold, designed for the striking- of the medals or
diplomas of awards for the Columbian Ex])osition,
as provided in section 3 of the act approved August
5, 1892, or conceals or shall have in his possession
any such die, hub, plate, or mold, hereinbefore men-
tioned. with the intent to fraudulently or unlawfully
use the same for counterfeiting the medals and di-
plomas hereinbefore mentioned, or who shall fraud-
ulently or unlawfully have in his possession or
cause to be circulated anv duiilicate or counterfeit
medal or diploma, not authorized by the Secretary
of the Treasur}', shall, upon conviction tliereof, be
-|ninished by a fine of not more than $5,000 and be
imprisoned at hard labor not more than ten years or
both, at the discretion of the court.”

Exhibitors who have been anticipating the use of
fac-similes of the medal and diploma for commer-
cial and other purposes will therefore know how to
govern themselves.

Brock’s Automatic Car Fender.

If it is true as asserted by Mr. Stead that Chicago
kills an average of one person a day for every day
in the year, on her g-rade crossing-s, it would seem
that the man who can produce a practical life saving
device in the shape of a car fender not only has a
fortune in sight, but is entitled to be considered some-
what in the light of a ])hilanthropist. In this cate-
gory comes Mr. W. H. Brock of Nos. 7 to 12 Sea-
briug St., South Brooklyn, N. Y. He has recently
given the world a device kmnvn as Brock’s Auto-
matic Fender for cable and electric cars. The
fender itself has a frame of light steel or wood, across
which is stretched a basket netting of rawhide or
rope. It is attached to the running- g-ear of the car
instead of to the body, and thereby all the usual jog-
gling or hojjping- up and down movement peculiar
to other fenders is obviated. The fender when in
position at either end of the car, attached to side
bars and directly underneath each platform, are

just the length of the car. It is made so as to run
out longitudinally with the car not more than two
inches above the ground and nothing- can get under
the wheels. It works automatically, and the grip-
man need never touch his lever. A lig-ht steel frame,
which the inventor calls the operating- rod, projects
beyond the front of the car, and when this strikes
an object with a resisting force of five pounds or
even less the fender runs out and the rod slips back
and up over it, out of the way.

The fender is also arranged so that it may be
worked by the gripman or motor man. In case an
object is seen on the track, the fender may be in-
stantl)’ ])rojected by a simple touch of a lever. Two
sidebars of hickory or some other hard wood run un-
derneath the car. These are three-quarters of an
inch thick and three inches deep. Gn this frame-
work are a top and bottom rack one-quarter of an
inch thick. A ])inion runs ah)ng this rack when the
mechanism has been set in motion. When the pinion
drops in a pocket, the fender is in place in front of

the car, jirojecting about six feet. When the fender
is underneath the platform, it is so close to the
ground that by no possibility could any one be drag^-
ged under the wheels.

The entire weig-ht of the invention including its
accompanying mechanism is less than 10b pounds,
and cars can be equipped with it complete at $30 per
car.

Experts who have examined Mr. Brock’s inven-
tion pronounce it far ahead of anything in its line.
It is certainly a device that has a large field of use-
fulness. Mr. J. W. Alexander of 247 West Fifty-
fifth Street, N. Y., is associated with Mr Brock and
is interested with him in bring'-ing the invention to
the attention of the public.

The New Danish Patent Law.

Danish patents, hitherto granted by ro3'al decree
under a set of administrative regulations, are here-
after to be granted under a law, of which some of the
more important provisions are as follows ;

Patents will be granted for all inventions deemed
of sufficient importance, not prejudicial to public or-
der or morals and not relating to articles of food,
drink or medicine, or the processes of making such
articles. Their term is fifteen (15) years from the
date of the delivery, without renewal or extension.
The patent is to be g-ranted only to the inventor or
his authorized representative.

The patentee is to pay an annual tax amounting
to 25 crowns for each year of the first three, for each
of the second three 50 crowns, each of the third 100,
each of the fourth 200, and each of the fifth 300. (A
Danish Crown is about twenty-six 8-10 cents).

Applications are to be made in the Danish lan-
guage to a Patent Commission of five members sit-
ting at Copenhagen, one of whom must be learned
in the law, the others in matters pertaining to the
arts. In case of necessity the assistance.of other e.x-
perts may be called in. The application must con-
tain a petition and a specification, both in duplicate,
a drawing- (also in duplicate) when necessary to the
description, and a model or specimen when required;
and must be accompanied by a fee of twent}' crowns
(about $5.40).

A foreigner must file with his application a de-
claration designating an attorney domiciled in Den-
mark who shall represent him in all matters concern-
ing the patent.

The Commission after satisfying themselves that
the application complies with all the requirements
of the law, that the invention is of such a character
as may be patented, and the applicant is the inven-
tor or his lawful representative, shall cause the ap-
plication to be published, after which a period of
eight weeks is allowed for opposition. During this
period the Commission mtiy seek from tiny source
advice or information bearing- on the propriety of
the grant. They shall make their decision within
sixteen weeks from the date of publication. From
a refusal there may be a demand for reconsidera-
tion, and provision is made for appeal to a special
Commission. After allowance there is a final fee
of 10 crowns.

The patent may become void through non-pa}'-
ment of the annual dues, and through failure
to exploit the invention within the realm for
three years from the g-rant, or if afterwards its
working shall be interrupted for more than one
year.

Persons having patents under the old sj'stem
ma}' exchange them for new ones at any time
before July 1, 1897.

This law was ajiproved by the King'- on the 13th of
April and was to g-o into effect two months from its
publication.

It will be observed that the whole cost of a patent
if maintained in force for its full term, exceeds
$550. F. A. SKiibY.

A New Electric Switch.

Messrs. C. F. Speed, E. W. Barker and C. P. Frank
of Duluth Minnesota have received, through their
attorneys, Messrs. Mason. Fenwick & Lawrence of
Washing'-ton, 1). C., a patent. No. 517,773, for a new
electric switch which is looked upon very favorably
by the trade and promises to bring good returns.
Most electric switches heretofore constructed are
what are known as ” two point ” switches, but the
present invention relates to what are called “ three
point ” switches, and the objects are to provide a
switch ca]iable of reg-ulating- two independent cir-
cuits and lieing so arranged that either one circuit
or the other can be broken, or if desired, both can
be broken or both maintained, and in breaking one
circuit and starting'- the other, there will be no in-
terval in which neither circuit will be in operation,
andthus the lig-hts or other devices controlled by the
one circuit, will not cease to operate until those of
the other circuit are started ; and second, to feed
two circuit wires connected to the switch from a sin-
' gle feed pole thereon, either both at the same time -
or either one separately. The invention will be
found jiarticularly useful in private dwellings
where it is desired to 0|)erate the lights of a chande-
lier from a suitable place on the wall, as by its use
any one or more or all of the lig-hts of a chandelier
can be jmt on or off without an intermediate jieriod
of darkness between the shifting of the current
from one circuit to another.

“ Tips to Inventors.”

This is one of the most instructive and useful
works for mechanics and inventors. Its author is
Robert Grimshaw, M. E., and the book, cloth bound,
retails for $1. The Inventive: Age: for one year
and “Tips to Inventors” will be sent to any address
for $1.50,

THB TNVENTIVB AGE.

139

ABOUT PATENT SHARKS.

Institutions that will Bear Looking into by In=
ventors and Others.

In our June issue we took occasion to give warn-
ing to inventors against the army of human vam-
pires who do business under the various aliases of
Patent Brokers, Patent Agencies, Patent Exchanges,
Patent Investment Companies and the like, and
whose initial methods consist of deluging patentees,
whose names are published each week in the U. S.
Official Oazette, with a flood of seductive and highly
colored literature singing the superlative praises of
the aforesaid vampires and offering special induce-
ments for the negotiation of “ sales” of patents upon
])ayment by the patentee of a small fee for prelimi-
nary adv^ertising,prej5aration of papers, etc. Among
others we referred to the so-called “ American Pat-
ent Exchange, publishers of The Inventive Age,”
with “headquarters at Chaffee, N. Y., George B.
Smith, manager,” and at the same time we lodged a
formal complaint with the Postmaster General and
requested that a U. S. inspector be detailed to inves-
tigate the methods of Mr. Smith.

Under date of June 6, 1894 we received a letter
from the “American Patent Exchange, Geo.B. Smith,
manager” disclaiming all intent to injure an3^ one
1)3' attempting to appropriate our name and g'ood
will, and continuing the letter further says :

We did not know that there was such a paper published as
your I.N VENTIVE Age, until about a week or ten days afro, and
we learned of it throuyh our correspondence. Since learning
this we have made arrangements to clianfj'e the name of our pub-
lication. * * w'e have not yet sent out any paper bearinff the

name of yours and shall not. * * We had triven our order
for 2,000 copies for the June edition, when we learned of the e.v-
istence of your publication. and we made arrantremeiits to chantre
the name of ou r publication before the said 2,000 copies should
be printed.

On May 25, 1894 Mr. Smith addressed a letter to Mr.
William H. Ford, a patentee of Shelton, Conn,, of-
fering* g'lowing’ inducements to sell the latter's inven-
tion. The letter was written on stationery of the
American Patent Exchang*e with “ head sales-house,
Butfalo, N. Y. Branches, New York, Chicag^o, New
Orleans, San Francisco," and conveyed to Mr. Ford
the following* priceless intellig*ence :

Here we publish a beautiful illustrated paper called the Inven-
tive Aye. VVehave a list of the most prominent monied men
throuyhout the country. To all such we send the Aye free. It
is a sheet that commands attention and is the medium throuyh
which capitalists and manufacturers know of the best i ti vent ions
of the day, sendiny out as we do each month a vast edition of the
Aye to the very class who * * * now stand ready to buy yood in-
ventions.

Mr. Smith’s astounding literary production fur-
ther asserts that “ no honest broker can sa3- exactU'”
what the patent is worth, but that such patents
usualH' bring from J!3,000 to $50,000, depending doubt-
less upon the gullibilit3^ of the seller or bu3’er ; and
then to cap the climax and as the yie plus ultra of
reasons wh3' the American Patent Exchange is the
g-reatest institution within the confines of the solar
system, it is confidentU' asserted that “ the powers
of Niagara are harnessed,” and “ Bufl'alo with its
superb location and 5,000 manufacturers is rapidly
attracting the combined capital of Europe and Amer-
ica.” But Mr. Smith true to the inherent character-
istics of his illustrious ancestor of Pocahontas fame,
who outwitted the wily red skins with a pocket com-
pass, and doubtless desirous of not being confounded
with ordinary ever3' da3’ Sm3'ths or Schmidts sa3’s, —
“ Please do not confound us with the man3' cheap
John patent ag'encies, which have become so numer-
ous.”

It is jjrobabh' not necessar3' to comment on the
ludicrous side of Mr. Smith’s enterprise and his
“ vast edition” of 2,000 copies which failed to mater-
ialize ; but there remains a serious phase to his ven-
ture which requires more than passing notice. It
seems that the letter to Mr. Ford did not induce that
gentlemen to ])ut $20 into Mr. Smith’s capacious cof-
fers. So we find that on June 2, 1894 some da3's
after Mr. Smith had actual knowledge of the exist-
ence of The Inventive Age, according to his admis-
sion in his letter to us, he again wrote to Mr. Ford
urging additional considerations upon him, and
claiming to be the manager of the American Patent
Exchange and publisher of the “Inventive Age.”
If Mr. Smith were impelled b3' honest motives he
could have written to us disclaiming ain' desire to
steal our name and business as early as Ma3’ 30, and
more than a week before he was called upon b3' a U.
S. Inspector. The facts ma3' therefore be epitomized
as follows :

1. Said Smilli wrongfully advertised to do business under the
name and title of the Inv'entive Age.

2. Said Smith claimed by his advertisements to be the pub-
lisher of a “vast ediiion” of the Inventive Age. and his own
admissions show that he never published any such paper at all
and ordered printed a measly edition of 2,dtK1 copies only.

3. Said Smith when he discovered that he was using our name
wrongfully and unlawful^- continued to use the same until he

was called upon for investigation by a U. S. Post Oflice Inspec-
tor, whereupon fearing that he had carried his game too far. he
hastened to save himself by writing his letter of J une htli before
referred to.

4. Said Smith’s methods of doing business are not of a char-
acter to entitle him to the con lulence of inventors, and we do not
hesitate to pronounce his alleged “Inventive Age” as a thing
that never had any existence except in his stupendous i magery.

ASSOCI.VTION .VMEKICAN INVENTORS.

In thi,s connection it will not be out of jilace to
refer to an in.stitiition pretending to do biisine.ss
under the title of the “ Association American In-
ventors, George H. Holgate, general manager, Phil-
adelphia.” This institution oilers to obtain patents
on the “installment jilan” and assumes to sit in
judgment and award diplomas to meritorious inven-
tors free of charge when the3' place their business
in its hands. Under dates of Dec. 11 and 14, 1893
this institution wrote Mr. Jas. A. Watson, aninv'en-
tor of Washington, I). C., urging him to place his
patent in its hands if he desired to realize large sums
of mone3' thereon, and solemnly announced that, —

After due consideration we have come to the conclusion that
we are in position tf) aid you very materially in the sale of 3-onr
patent * * We have lately neyofiated with the laryest com-

mercial ayenc.v in the United States for 47,(MM) names * * of
investors, presidents of banks, boards of trade and chambersof
commerce * * * Now that the Senate has repealed the silver bill
the business interests of the country will revive and investors
will be seeking investments for the mone.v they have ke])t locked
up * * *, and we will * ^ make a reduction in your case ami

take one-half of our fee in advance * * We wish to emphasize

one fact * * * and that is that your patent is not worth one cent
until \'ou have realized something- from it, or in other words,
when 3'ou hear the jingrie of the other matrs mone.v in vour
pocket, then vou are certain that .vour patent has value.

Jingle i.s ver3' good indeed. Jingle of other man’.s
11101163' in 3'our pocket is the life and sole of eveiw'
fakir from the countr3' fair soap vender to the sena-
torial “ leg-puller.” Mr. Holgate is something of a
humorist, and we sugg’est that he should change the
name of his institution to the Association of Amer-
ican Humorists. “ In the last few days,” sa3's Mr.
Holgate, we hav'e sold patents to the extent of over
$350,000, and “we have also just started on a half
million dollar compain' which we expect to raise in
a very short time.” A trifling matter of a half a
million or so is as nothing to Mr. Holgate whose
suberb talents are capable of raising an3'thing from
a wooden nutmeg to a device for salting down sun
beams for future use, in the darker regions. ’Tis
well that Col. Sellers is of the past. Were he alive
toda3' and allowed to gaze upon the vast possibilities
of the Association American Inventors, he would
pine awa3’ with env3’ into inocuous dessuetude and
die of a broken heart. (This name was doubtless
selected with a view of having it confused with that
of the “ American Association of Inventors and Man-
ufacturers,” a well known legitimate organization
composed of the leading inventors and promoters of
the countr3'.)

PAUE JAMES GREGORY.

Under date of June 11, 1894, we received a letter
from Mr. Horatio J. Brewer, general manager of the
Leclanche Battery Co., of New York, enclosing a
letter received b3' him from one “ Paul James
Gregory, patent broker, Marilla, N. Y., and Buffalo,
N. Y.” Mr. Gregory in his letter, which is under
date of March 14, 1894, places the small value of $70,-
000 on Mr. Leclanche’s invention, and offers to sell
the same on the usual terms and a trifling advance
fee of $20. He sa3's he has the addresses of 49,-
000 manufacturers “ who have actually bought pat-
ents”— just think of it — and who are tumbling all
over each other to bin’ more jiatents and especialG’
the $70,000 patent of Mr. Eeclanche, provided he
places the sale of it in Mr. Gregor3'’s hands and ad-
vertises it in a “ v’ast edition ” of Mr. Gregor3’’s
“ Patent Investors’ Bulletin.” He wants the sale of
the aforesaid valuable jiatent “at once or not at all,”
and forsooth the inventor may be caught napping
1)3’ other irresponsible agents, he is cautioned to be-
ware of swindling patent concerns that have sprung
up in the west and who slander their honest com-
petitors. “ He who cries stop thief,” sa3’s Mr.
Gregory, is the thief himself,” little thinking' doubt-
less when he penned that truism, that he was con-
victing himself bv crying stop thief loudest of all.

AN INTEKNATIONAE CONCERN.

Another institution that ma3' be referred to witli
])rofit here is the “ International Patent and Techni-
cal Bureau of Reichelt and Oltsch, South Bend, Ind.”
with offices in “ Uresden, Berlin, Bruxelles, Lon-
don, Mexico, Rio de Janero, Valparaiso, New
Zealand, Melbourne, Sydne3’, New South Wales,
Vienna, Paris, Milan, St. Petersburg, Stockholm,
and Madrid.” This institution 1)3’ neglecting to
establish offices in Saturn, Jupiter, Venus and Mars
and a few other straggling plannets allowed an im-
portant field of the solar s3’stem to fall into the
hands of “ disreputable ” competitors, and is there-
fore oblig'ed to confine its business to the sing-le and
solitar3’ plannet upon which we move and have our
being. This is to say the least unfortunate. But it

is refreshing to learn from a letter fr<jm the Inter-
national Patent and Technical Bureau. addr<-~.,ed t"
Mr. James A. Watson, of Washiiigb)!!. I). C.. that it
has si)ecial facilities for the .-.ale of his nateiit.
which it values as worth at least .■'Ih.oiiii. and that if
he is not in a condition to pa3' the small preliminari'
e.xpense, he shall try to secure a ])artner who will
pa3’ the costs and share the i)rofits, and advises the
inv’entor to make such i)rospective jiartner a fair
offer — “ sav 59 per cent from the sales." (Jf eoursi-
a little matter of 59 per cent would be a mere drop
in the bucket and nothing- to the inventor as com-
])ared with the imi)ortance of the tritling- fee that
would result therefrom to the Mundane I nternat ional
and would be Interplanetary Bureau of Patents and
Humbugs.

^ THE ADAMSON COMPANY.

Another institution that claims special facilities
for ])rocuring and selling- jiatents is tlie “ Adanison
Company” with its “Central E.xecutive ()hice”
at Muncie, Indiana and various braneh offices at
such small towns as Chicago, Washington, I). C..
and Boston, Mass. The inventor ])a3's a i)reliminar3'
fee of $29, and the Adamson Company does the rest.
As dela3-s are often dangerous, it writes an inventor
to wire lowest cash price for his ])atent, and follows
with another letter sa3’ing : “ We feel it our duty to

advise 3’ou that there is now a great improvement
in the market and demand for patent investment,
and the best of the season is at hand,” and that it is
emplo3’ed by a “ large number” of the leading
manufacturers who stand eagerly waiting- to snatch
up new and valuable inventions at fabulous prices.

P.ARESIAN INVENTOR’.S AC.ADEMY.

The old world i.s not behind the Occident in so-
called patent ag-encies of this character. Paris and
London, both have their share. In the former city the
“ Parisian Inventor’s Acadenn’, A. Pitra. general
secretar3',” professes to issue medals and diplomas
to deserving patentees and to confer honorary title.s.
etc. But, .sa3’s the letter of the secretary to an
American inventor, “this honorific title will be of no
expense for 3'ou, only if 3'ou would be desirous to re-
ceive the medals and diploma, you would have to
send us a mone3’ order of ten dollars, to cover ad-
mission, etcetera.” Here the “etcetera” seems to
be the chief desideratum, but just what multitude of
sins, the aforesaid etcetera is supposed to cover, is
doubtless be3’ond the capacit3’ of an3’ one save the
French secretary’ to find out. It is known hov-ever,
from the fact that A. Pitra himself hath said it,
that the ten dollar fee covers, the " Great Gilded
Medal.” Now the said "(ireat Gilded INIedal” isdoubt-
less something that no well regulated American
patentee can well afford to do without. Ain’one
who has tarried under the seductive influence of an
aboriginal pow wow within the sacred confines of
the noble red man’s teepee in the far west knows
what a talisman for good is the Great Horn Spoon.
We cannot assert with absolute authority, but
we have ever3’ reason for concluding that the
“ Great Gilded Medal,” of the aforesaid Parisian
Inventor’s Society is something closeL' akin to the
Great Horn Spoon, and that therefore, it is some-
thing-that ever3’ inventor should seek to possess him-
self of at the earliest possible date.

The foregoing suggests its own concusioiis. We
expect to have more to sa3' on this subject at another
time, and we invite our readers to send us any facts
or literature that ma3’ aid us in our investig'-ations
along this line.

Boring Under Pavement.

A recent Bufl'alo pa])er contains a description of
the new device for boring under the ])avement
through cla3’ or stone, invented 1)3' Walter E. Ever-
itt, of that cit3’. This invention obviates the neces-
sity of tearing up asphalt or otlier pavements for
the purpose of making gas and water connections.
It consists of a series of drills or augers. The base
of the machine is fitted with a track to the full
length of which, about four feet, the g-ears travel.
The aug-ers are two feet long-, and when one is in to
its full length, the shaft is released and the carriage
travels back, allowing the insertion of another au-
ger, of which 15 g'o with one machine. The exca-
vated earth, for the most part, travels l)ack in the
groove of the auger, after the manner of the carpen-
ter’s auger.

“ Two Tours to the North,” is the title of a little
liooklet issued bv the Penns3’lvania Railroad Com-
pan3', giving the itineraiw' of two personally con-
ducted tours, emliracing Watkins Glen, Niag-ara
Palls, Thousand Islands, Ivlontreal, Lake Cham-
plain. Saratoga and other interesting- points. The
first trip covers the period from JuU- 17th to 39th and
the second from Aug-ust 21st to Se])tember 3rd.
These tours are considered among the choicest of
the season and are quite inexpensive.

140

THE IXVEXTrVE AOE.

Paris Underground Electric Railway.

For twenty years ])rojects for an nndergromul
railway similar to the Metropolitan road of London,
have been under discussion in Pari>. but one after
the other thej- have been dropped, with a single ex-
ception. This latter enlcrjirise, which contemplates
the construction of an underground electric road
from Bois de Vincennes tf) the Bois de Boulogne,
was substituted to the T’arisian authorities by M.
Berber in 1887. It was examined by the municipal
council but for one reason and another no action
was taken until July 1801 when this body decided
to investigate its merits. A favorable report was
made despite the fact that objections to the jilan
were made by surface conpianies and by the ])ro-
moter of a rival jiroject. The Berber ]ilan com-
mended itself to the autluirities because its execu-
tion did not involve e.xcavations in the public streets

tion, placed midway between the rails and mounted
on glass insulators. The current is jncked up 1)y a
sliding shoe. The rails constitute the return path.

Passengers will be carried in single cars or in
trains of two or three cars in accordance with the
dem.'inds of the public. Each car will seat twenty five
])ersons. The speed of the tr.'iins will be about IJV
miles ])er hour ;ind the trip from terminus to termi-
nus. i. c. from the Hois de Vincennes to the Hois de
Pxiulogne. will occupy .17 H minutes including stops
;it st.'itioiis. There will be fifteen stations in ;ill at
each of wliich it is estimated twinity seconds will 1)6
lost in stcjpping. The length of the road will be
sbghtlv over seven miles. ()ver that portion fm
which the most of the ])assengers will enter and
leave the I'.ars trains for the greater i)art of the d;iy
will run evt'ry two minutes ; on the rest of the road
trains will run on a four minute schedule. It is

German Theft of American Genius.

German piracy of American inventions is a com-
mon complaint, and under the pecubart^' of the
German patent laws is possible to an exasperating
extent. The appreciation on the part of the shrewd
German of a good thing in the shape of an Ameri-
can invention, is ecpialled only b^' the alacrity with
which he proceeds to a])pro])riate to himself the
benefits of another's invention. A case in point is
reported to the State Department by J. C. Monaghan,
Ibiited States consul at Chemnitz. He say.s ;

Some time since a manufacturing com])any of the
Ibiited States wrote me relative to a Chemnitz man
who had liought six of their juimps, alleg'ing' a pur-
])ose to sell them here and asking an exclusive
agency, re<[uesting at the same time that the com-
]iany put his shield on the iimchines. He had seen
the pumps at Cliicago, liked them, and looked up
the comjiany on his way back. It is needless to say

GR^P

IdsAlX.

THE I'.tKIS UNDEKC.KOUNIi EEECTKIC K.VIEWAV.

and because it was pixiposed to ujierate the railway
by electricity.

The construction of the line will be jiractically
the same as that of the Citv iv South London rail-
way. As in that case the work will be conducted
on the Greathead system, the walls of the tunnel
being formed of steel tubing. The fact that in this
construction it is luit necessary to open uj) the street
for long distances is cfinsidered of the utmost impor-
tance, as the municipal council tlatly refuses to con-
sider any ]ilan the execution of which will interfere
with the Use of the public ways. In the ccuistruc-
tion of the stations, which will necessitate work on
the surface, plans similar t)) those followed when
streets are jiaved or re])aired will be ado])ted and
])edestrians and persons with vehicles will be sub-
jected to very slight inconvenience. The council
will not allow much use of the surf.'ice for stations
in the central part of the cit3’. A structure which
will serve as a shelter for the stairwav leading to
the platforms below will be all that will be permit-
ted. In the Berber svstem the current is carried
along the wa3’ bv a conductor rectangular in sec-

stated that two features will make the road su-
perior to the underground electric railwa3' in London.
Especial effort will be made to deaden the noise of
the trains, and with this end in view the rails will
be laid on wooden ties hurried in b.'illast. \’^entila-
tion will be effected bv me.'ins of i)ipes loading to
the surf.'ice. In the London tunnel, which is fpiite
short, there has seemed to bo no necessitv for.'idopt-
ing me.'Lns of ventilation.

The coaches will be divided into compartments
like the railroad co.'iches of Engl.'ind and the Conti-
nent, but whether the3' will be divided into first
class and second class is not definitelv decided.

The accompanitig illustration, furnished bv the
Street K’.'iilwav Gazette, Chic.'igo, indic.atos the gen-
eral features of the s3'stem.

Aluminum Bronze.

What is known ;is “ aluminum bronze " has ten
])er cent .'iluminum and ninetv i)er cent cop])er. ;ind
possesses a tensile strength of OO. ()()() pounds, an
elong.'ition of fifteen ])er cent, and will cast, forge,
roll, draw into wire, or work in a lathe about as
well as steel.

that the Chemnitzer is not an ag-ent, but a manu
facturer ; that his intention was to t.'ike the ma-
chines a])art, construct others like them, and get all
the g-ood out of such sales as he could before some-
bodv else should forestall him in his jmrpose. Upon
receipt of the letter I looked up the matter, found
uiv suspicions coniirmed. :ind :ifter some trouble got
and sent the coin]);ni3' the information, plus one of
tlie Chemnitzer’s own c.'italogues. The companv
wrote ag'ain asking whether the Chemnitzer was
making- the ])umj)s or not, and I le.arned upon in-
<piirv that he boasts about how he got his pumps,
and th.'it he intends to g-etiimre American machines
in the same w:i3' and cop3' them.

( )f the si.x bought of the compan3' in question he
sold four. These serve as excellent advertising-
l)um])s. The other two serve as models. He is
making fourteen, or was a week .ago.

I deem it m v diitv to tell all this to the department,
bec.'Luse so manv Americans neg^lect to take out for-
eig-n letters ])atent for their m.achines.

Tlie Chemnitzer of whom I have spoken savs he
can make his pumps. /. r., the American compan3-'s
tri]>lex pump, 2(> to 25 per cent cheaper than he can
get them from the companv, and that Germans pre-
fer to buv German made rather than foreig-n goods.
He savs further that he hoped to hold the home
market l)v keeping the compain-’s pump out of the
hands of his competitors in the empire.

THE IXVEXTIVE ^OE.

14T

S

CIENCE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.

Conducted by E. P. Lewis.

C

When one bod3" is tvariner than another we say
that its temperature is hig-her. Temperature tlien
measures intensitjy not quantity, of heat. Every-
one knows how ordinary temperatures are measured.
A g^lass bulb, with one end drawn out into a fine
tube, is filled with mercury or some other liquid to
a point in the tube, and the liquid is then boiled.
As soon as the air has been completelj' driven out
bj" the vapor, the end of the tube is sealed bj' melt-
ing’ the g-lass in a flame. The bulb is placed in
melting ice and a mark made on the stem where the
liquid comes. Then it is put iir the steam over
boiling water and another mark is made. The
sgace between is divided into 180 parts called de-
gress in a Fahrenheit thermometer, and 100 degrees
in a Centigrade thermometer, which is most used
for scientific purposes. Air makes a much more ac-
curate thermometer than any liquid, for heat ex-
pands it more.

It is not so general!}’ known how very’ small and
very great differences of temperature are measured,
and' perhaps you would like to learn something
about it. All the most delicate methods require the
help of electricity. The first ver}’ sensitive instru-
ment was the thermopile, which was used about
sixty years ago by Melloni. an Italian physicist.

Suppose you solder two cop-
per wires to the ends of a bent
piece of iron. A C B, and con-
nect these wires with a sensi-
tive galvanometer at G. If
you warm the junction A by’
holding your hand near it, a
feeble current of electricity
yvill floyv around the circui't,
yt \\ \\S and its magnetic effect as it

passes around the galy’ano-
meter coil yvill cause the needle to moy’e one yy’ay or
another. The more y’ou yvarm A the greater the
effect. Any’ ty\’o different metals may be used, some
pairs producing greater and some less effect. Each
pair is called a thermal couple or element. By’ us-
ing sey’eral couples a greater effect is produced.
The current is ahvays y’ery small, but galy’anometers
may easily be made yy’hich yvill show the ten-mil-
lionth part of the current that you can get from one
ordinary galy’anic cell, so that differences of tem-
perature betyveen A and B as small as one ten-tliou-
sandth of a degree may be measured. With a much
less sensitiy’e galy’anometer y’ery high temperatures
may be measured. Professor Carl Barus. lately of
our Geological Sury’ey, measured temperatures as
high as 1,700 degrees Centigrade yvith a couple made
of the metals platinum and iridium, yvhich melts at
a y’ery high temperature. This is about one-half
the temperature of the greatest artificial heat that
yve can produce — that of the electric arc. The tem-
perature of the arc has been estimated by knocking
a piece of the gloyving carbon into a vessel of yvater,
and from the final temperature of the yvater and the
yy’eight of the yvater and the carbon calculating hoyv
much heat has been giy’en to the yvater. The sun is
probably much hotter than the arc.

A still more sensitiy’e instrument is the balometer,
yvhich yvas invented about a dozen years ago by
Professor Langley, noyv the Secretary of the Smith-
sonian Institution. It has been found that if yve
connect the poles of a battery by yy’ires of different
kinds but of exactly the same size and shape, yy’e
yvill get currents of y’ery different strength. The
property yvhich causes this is called the electrical
resistance of the substance. We knoyv that yvater
yy’ill floyv faster through a smooth pipe than it yy’ill
through a rough one of the same size. The friction
acts as a resistance to the current. In just the same
yy’ay some metals offer a greater resistance to the
electric current than others. It has also been found
tliat the resistance of a yvire changes as its temper-
ature changes. This is the property that Professor
Langley has used in his balometer. Suppose a cur-
rent starts from a
battery B, branches
on tyvo yyires at A
yvhich meets again
at C and then floyy’s
back to B. The cur-
rent is pushed along
by yvhat is called
electromotiy’e force
or difference of po-
tential, just as yva-
ter currents are C

pushed along by pressure or difference of ley’el.
Xoyy suppose a current of yvater floyved doyvn hill
through tyvo pipes uniting again at C. If yve con-
nect tyvo points, I) and E. at the same ley’el by an-
other pipe it yy-ill fill yvith yvater, but no current yvill

.12

Ije

i

1

floyy’, so that a little yvater wheel placed in it yvill
remain at rest.

In just the same yvay. if the electric resistance of
the yvire AD is equal to that of AE, and DC to EC. or
if the proportion AD : AE : : DC : EC is true, then the
point 1) is at the same potential or electric ley’el as
the point E. and if yve connect these tyvo points by’ a
yvire passing through a galy’anometer yve yvill find
that no current jiasses through it. no matter hoyv
strong the current in the otlier yvires may be. This
arrangement is called a “Wlieatstone bridge,” and
is in constant practical use in comparing different
resistances. The balometer is a small Wheatstone
bridge, and is used yvitli a y’ery senatiy’e galy’ano-
meter.

If the yy’ires AD. AE and DC are yvell protected by
a screen and heat is alloyved to fall on EC. its resis-
tance increases. The electric current yvill be
” backed up ” at E, yvhich yvill noyv be at a higher
potential than 1). A current yvill at once floyy’
through the galvanometer from E to D. The arms of
the bridge, as the resistances are called, are usually’
made of y’ery small strips of platinum, about one
fiy’e-hundredth of an inch yvide and one fi\’e-thous-
andth of an inch thick, so that they yvill ansyver
quickly to temperature changes. This little instru-
ment yy’ill shoyv changes of one-millionth of a degree.
Professor Langley has used it to study’ the invisible
part of the spectrum of the sun, yvhich he has found
to extend over a space at least thirteen times as
great as the y’isible sjiectrum discoy’ed by Sir Isaac
Neyvton. The change of resistance by heat has also
been used to measure y’ery great ’temperatures —
that of a furnace. An instrument of this kind is
Callendar's '‘platinum thermometer,” yy’hich y’ou
may’ sometimes read about.

There is another instrument perhaps ey’en more
sensitive that the balometer. It yvas made by Prof.
C. V. Boys, of England, yvho called it a radiomicro-
meter. A thermal couple is made of tyvo metals in

the form of a loop,
yvhich is suspended by
a fine fiber betyveen
the poles of a strong
horse shoe magnet.
If heat is alloyved to
fall on the junction B
yvhile A is protected
by’ a screen, a current
yy’ill floyy’ around the
loop, and may be c^uite
large, as the loop is y’ery short and has a small re-
sistance. A loop or coil in yvhich a current is floyv-
ing a,cts like a magnet, so the loop is turned around
by the attraction of the poles of the horse shoe mag-
net just as a little compass needle perpendicular to
the plane of the loop yvould do. A little mirror on
the loop throyy’s a spot of light on a screen so that
its motion may’ be obsery’ed. What kind of fiber do
y’ou suppose is used to suspend the little couple ? It
is made from a quartz crystal. Professor Boys yvas
the first man to make these. The crystals are heated
in an oxyhydrogen flame until they get soft, one
end is then attached to an arroyv yvhile the other is
held by’ forceps. The arroyv is shot from a boyv and
drayvs the soft quartz in a long fine theard after it —
so fine that sometimes it can hardly’ be seen by a
poyy’erful microscope. Professor Boy’s used many
only one ten-thousandth of an inch thick, and some
hay’e been made yvhich yvere estimated to be about
one-millionth of an inch thick. The great ady’an-
tage in their use is that they twist easily, and are
much stronger than a steel yvire of the same size.
With this instrument Professor Boy’s detected the
heat from a candle tyvo miles ayy’ay, and measured
the heat from the moon. It yvill easily measure one-
millionth of a degree. One of the best forms of a
galy’anometer for practical use — the d'Arsony’al — is
made y’ery much like the radismicrometer, the cur-
rent to be measured passing throug’h a small coil
suspended betyy’een the poles of a liorse shoe mag-
net.

Other yvays hay’e been suggested for measuring’
y’ery small and y’er}’ great temperature, but no others
are of much y’alue.

American Shipping History.

Under this heading ” Seaboard.” one of the lead-
ing marine journals, publishes the folloyy’ing argu-
ment in fay’or of goy’ernment steamship subsidies
and protection to American ship oyvners :

American ships in 1789 carried but 23.8 per cent
of our foreig’ii commerce. The first Congress imme-
diately passed tyvo acts to benefit our shipping’ ; the
first imposing’ a higher duty on imports in foreig’ii
than American ships ; the other charging foreig’ii
ships a tonnage tax over eight times hig’her than
Anrerican ships paid. This increased our shipping’
from 123,893 to 346,254 tons the first year, our ships
carrying 40.5 per ce.nt of our foreign commerce. In
1794 our shipping’ in the foreign trade reached 438.-
863 tons and it carried 88.5 per cent of our foreign
commerce. That year Congress taxed imports'in
foreig’ii ships 10 per cent more than in American
ships, and in 1795 our shipping had increased to

529.471 tons and our ships carried 90 per cent of our
foreign commerce.

In 1826 American sliips carried 92.3 per cent of our
foreign commerce, while noyv yve carry 12.2 jier cent.
This loss is due to tlie re^ieal <ff' those jirotectix’e
layvs and to treaties that give foreign shi])-, tlie
same rights as ^Ymerican ships in American p>irt>.

Xoyv is the time to abrog’ate tliose treaties. Bv
again charg’ing’ imports in foreign sliijis ten ]jer
cent liiglier duty than in American ships. milli<,ns
of tons of sliips yvould be built in -Ymeric.’in shi]i-
yards. not a cent yvould be paid to any Americ.’in
shijioyvner or shipbuilder by our (4overnment. and
yve yvould ag’ain hay’e a g’reat foreig-n shipping’. This
plan has been tried successfully. Xo other has.
(9ur foreign commerce pay’s about .'^259.900. of id a year
to ships in freig’ht charg’es. The larg-er jiartof this
can be made ours if yve go back to first principles.

Women as Iny entors.

At the World's Columbian Exposition a serious
effort yvas made to collect the number of mechanical
iny’entions patented by yvomen. The result yvas not
encourag’ing’. In the Woman's Building- yvere g’ath-
erecl a great number of interesting- objects, taut I
hay’e heard many’ intellig-ent yvomen say that the
place had a melancholy effect on their minds from
the lack of originality. It is y’ery easy to say’ that
women hay’e had no chance, but that is not true..
Ey’ery industry of the yvorld involy’es the folloyving
actiy’ities.

1. Taking from the earth, yvaters and the air nat-
ural material.

2. Utilizing- the poyvers and principles of Xature
in manufacture.

3. The carrying- trade.

4. Commerce and exchange.

5. Consumption of the product finally or as start-
ing material for neyv sets of industries.

The yvork that each one is doing- belong-s some-
yy’here there. Xoyv. in primitiy-e life, the Indian
yy’omen of the District of Columbia took fish from the
yvaters, jilants from the land and the inhabitants of
the air. They also quarried siliceous stones, soap-
stone and paint. They yvere unacquainted yvith the
poyvers of yvind, yvater. hard bodies and steam, so
yvith their g-ood right arms they performed the yvork
of modifying'- Nature's g-ifts. They yvere cutters,
pot makers, paint makers, hary’esters, fishers, hunt-
ers, tanners, spinners, yy-eay-ers, each yvomen being
all of these. Of the carry-ing- trade they held the
monopoly. They yvere the beasts of burden. They-
could easily transport a hundred pounds to any’ dis-
tance. As for commerce and exchange, there yvas
not much of that. If you looked on the side of the
great bronze dooryvay of the Transportation Build-
ing- in Chicago you sayy’ as the genius loci a say’age-
yvoman yvith a burden on the back, and all along
oy’erhead on the side of the structure as the ideal
transportation beautiful yvomen. floating in the air
sustained and moy’ed by their ineffable loy’eliness.
Finally, the arts of consumption yvith this primitiy’e
folk, yvere entirely yvoman's yvork. She made all the
clotliing, houses, pottery, dishes, utensils, household
furniture. She iny’ented ceramics, cooking, the tex-
tile art, embroidery and leather yvork. The hearth,
the bed. the roof, all the refinements of life yvere
hers. Now. recall the Place of Honor in Cliicago.
Take your stand in imagination upon the peresty’le.
Upon y’our right yvere Liberal Arts, Electricity’ iSIin-
ing'-. Upon y’our left. Agriculture. IMachinerv. The
first continuous motion in the yvorld yvas that of the
spindle, say’ag-e yvoman's iny’ention. Women yvere
not excluded from the Machinery Hall, but jirecious
feyv entered. The first gleaners of food and textile
plants yvere yvomen solely. Therefore, the fig-ure of
Atlas on the Agricultural Building yvas yvrong. It
should hay’e been an Indian yvomen yvith a g^leaning
basket on her back. In the Manufactures Building-
the French yvere more subtle, for the grand facade
of their exhibit yvas borne up by yvomen, and aboy’e
the entire German space sat Germania, a loy’ely,
stalyvart Teuton yvoman. I have spoken of yy-omen
as being among'- the first miners and I need not tell
the readers of The iNy’iCNTivE Age the presiding
genius of frictional electricity is Hestia or Vesta.
While, tlierefore, the attempt to separate yvonian's-
yvork from man's at Chicago yvas a 'failure, the
blending of yvoman's yvork yvith man's yvas ey’ery-
yvhere complete. Why do not yvomen still play tiie
role of iny’entors ? Because the yvork of iny’ention
has g-otten beyond their instincts. There is no rea-
son in the yvorld yvhy. for instance, the piano, made
almost solely for yvomen, should not be improy’ed and
music composed for it by yvomen, except that they
do not yvant to take the trouble. So they hay’e
dropped out of the procession of inventors in arts.
yvhich their great grandmothers originated.

O. T. Masox.

Mr. Walter Weillmax. yvho expects to explore
the regions around the North pole during the com-
ing summer, has reached Tromsoe, Noryvay, and ex-
pects to leay’e that point for Spitzbergen earlier
than yvas expected yvhen he left America.

142

THE IXVEXTIVE AOE.

NEWS CONDENSED.

JcxE 1.^ — Sonierb^' and other Iron Hall officials were indicted

hy the jrraiid jurv at Philadelphia The Immijrration Bureau

notified the immigration authorities at all American ports to
look out for inimi^-rants enirajred to work in the Penns3'lvania

coke and coal reprions The fioods in the F razier river valley

caused g-reat loss and rendered manv families homeless.

Jl'ne 2. — Col. Breckenrid<re has lost his right to appeal bv

failure to conform to legal reciuirements Second Assistant

Postmaster General J. Lowry Bell resigned The Li”. S. war-

ship Baltimore was ordered to Corea to guard American inter-
ests Troops were ordered out in Indiana to prevent out-
breaks by striking miners The so-called tax in<iuisition

law of Ohio was declared unconstitutional by Circuit Judge

Ricks M. Casimir-Perier was elected president of the

French Chamber of Deputies.

June 3. — The car works at Laconia. X. II.. burned; loss 5100.-
(X)0 Ottumwa. Iowa, was visited by a 5225.000 fire Coun-

sel in the case of Pendergast, the assassin of Mayor Harrison.

agreed upon postponing tlie trial until fall Nir. (Hadstone

has nearly recovered from tlie operation on his eyes.

June 4. — Charles Xeilson, of Maryland, was nominated to be

Second Assistant Postmaster General vice Bell resigned

Fx-Governor C. C. Van Zandt. of Rhode Island, died (rreat

damage by fiocxls reported from Portland. Oregon Striking

miners in West Virginia and Ohio are burning bridges and do-
ing much damage The revolt in China is gaining headwav

At Boise. Idaho, a party of Coxeyites were sentenced to

three months* impri'^onment for train stealing In Indiana

and Illinois the militia was ordered out on account of striking
miners.

Junes. — Gov. Cleaves was renominated by the Republicans

of Maine In Oregon the Republicans carried the elections

by overwhelming majorities Coxev accepted the nomina-
tion for Congress in the eighteenth Ohio district The

separate coach law was declared unconstitutional bv Judge

Barr of the U. S. Circuit Court at Owensborough. Ky.' The

Italian ministry has resigned.

June 6.— The annual meeting of the American Association of
Mechanical I2ngineers met at ^Montreal Kansas Republi-

cans nominated Kx-Congressman K. M. Morrill for Governor

Charles L. Hawley was nominated f(.)r Governor bv the

Pennsylvania Prohibitionists Brazilian insurgents were

defeated b\’ the government troops.

June 7. — Prof. W. D. ’Whitney, the eminent philologist of

^ ale. died On her trial trij) the Idinneapolis was jiroven to

be the fastest cruiser in the world A band of 30i) Coxevites,

mostly foreigners, started for Washingt(m from Chicago*

Thousands of miners and their families are rei>orted to be in a

starving condition in Scicily In eastern Ohio the militia

•cleared the railroad tracks and <|uieted the strikers.

Junes.— In attempting to cross the Platte river in Colorado
fifteen Coxeyites were drowned The House Committee de-

cided to report a bill for the control and completion of the Xic-
aragua canal by the government.

J UNE *-). — In Montana nineteen common wealers were sentenced

to 9() days in jail Richard Croker, the Tamnianv leader.

sailed for Europe suddenly The coal strike in Iowa was

settled A fire in a lumber vard at Dubiniue, Iowa, destroved

property to the value of 5<>00,0(X) A proposal for inserting in

the vSwiss constitution a paragraph affirming the right of every
male citizen to be em])loyed. was defeated on the referendum

The French Chamber of Deputies voted francs to

protect the French frontier in Africa.

June 10.— The eight hour labor law of Xebraska has been de-
clared unconstitutionel Ckixev, Browne and Jones were re-
leased from jail at Washington.' Later reports show that

lo.(.H.)0 people were made homeless bv the fioods in the Frazier
river country.

Ji N I-- 11. The name of Col. AV. C. P. Breckenridge was drop-
ped from the honorary membership of the Union League Club,

Chicago Muley Hassan, Sultan of M(^rocco, is dead

The International Fire Congrress met at Berlin.

Jt Niv 12. — The trial of Erastus Wiman began in Xew York

Ex-trovernor (tco. Peabody Wetniore. Republican, was

elected by the Rhode Island leg'^islatu re to succeed Senator
E. (). Picking was nominated bv the Kansas Prohi-
bitionists for (iovernor A successful te'st of 17-inch armor

plate took place at Indian Head The deaths from the plague

at Hong Kong averag’^e KM) per day.

Junk 13. — Of the 110.000 Chinamen said to be in this counirv,

107,000 have registered The Kansas i^opulists renominated

(tov. Lewelling, and inserted a women's suffrag'e plank in their

platform A committee to investigate the Padrone system

was appointed by Secretary Carlisle.

Junk 14. At Los Angelos, Cal.. 170 Co.xevites were sentenced
to four months in jail for stealing (h-o. D. Epps was nom-
inated for (Governor by the Xew Hampshire Populists In

Delaware the Prohibitionists named Thomas J. Perrv for Gov-
ernor, and in tViscoiisiti J. (C Cleg'^horn was nominated

Lord Chief Justice Coleridge, of England, died.

Ji Ni. 15. — Erastus V iman was con\ icted of forgery in the
second deg'^ree The Coxt*v commonwealers make prepara-
tions to remain all sumnu*r at Bladensburg, Md The

British House of L‘>rds rejected the bill leg'^alizing- the marriage
with a deceased wife's sister bv a vote of 12') to 12i>.

JuNi. 10.— Ex-Congressman Thos. M. Bayne committed suicide
at W as^hington. D. C StrilGng- miners in eastern (Jhio and

est Virg'-inia decided to return to work The albattoir of

the Central Stock Yards and Transit Co., Jersey City, burned

with 0.000 sheep: loss 51.500. ooo Twenty-three Coxevites at

Fai r fie Id, Ills., were sentence*! to j ail for trai n steal i ng .V n

anarchist at Rome fired two shots at Premier Crispi. Over

b.(X)0 persons have tied from Hong Kongf on accanuit tif the
plag'ue.

June 17. — William Walter Phelps died at Engflewood, X. J,
...... It is estimated that the losses due U> the strike of the coal

miners will ag'^greg'^ate 52 ).t)00,0(M) The ccirner stone of the

new cathed ral in Berlin was laid by Emperor William.

Jt'NE IS.— Commander John W. Easley, U. S. X., retired, died

in Washing'-ton The woolen mill at Dolg»-eville, X. Y.. burned:

loss 5<)0,000 The State Department was informed that all was

quiet at Bluefields.

June lO. — At Leonard 121 Common wealers were fined 520to550
each, aiul sent to the vari(;us county jails The Ohio Su-

preme Court declared the law of semi-monthlv pavmeiit of wages

to employees unconstitutional The Xational Council of

Junior Order of American Mechanics, began its 20th annual
session at Ashville.

June 20. — U. A. Woodbury was unanimously nominated for

t)f Vermont, by the Kei)ublican State Convention

M. M. Lstee was nominated by the Republicans of California for

governor Proceedings to determine the sanitv of Pender-

^egun at Chicag^o The i'^tli annual convention of

■‘■^))terican Society- of Civil Enginees was begun at Xiag'^ara

Erastus^ ■\Viman. con victed of forg’ery in Xew York,

was sentenced to 5 years and 0 months in Sing- vSing Ex-

Senator Bishop W. Perkins, of Kansas, died suddenly in Wash-
ington An earth<iuake at Yokohama caused much damage.

’ -E — The American Railway Union at Chicag»‘o. endorsed

the People's party Xebraska Democrats organized a Free

Coinage League at (Jmaha The cruiser Montgomerv went

in commission.

J UNE 22. — The anti-cigarette law was declared constitutional by

the Ohio Supreme Court The American Railwa.v Union de-

cided to boycott the Pullman cars, unless the company consents

to arbitrate with its striking»- employees Texas Populists

nominated Judg»‘e T. L. Xug^ent for governor Mrs. Lizzie

Halliday, convicted of murder at Monticello. was sentenced to
be electrocuted in August.

June 23. — Adjutant Gen. Tarsne.v was tarred and feathered

by masked men at Colorado Springs. Colorado Thirteen

of the 43 coal miners arrested at Mt. Olive. 111., for holding up
a train, were sentenced to jail for 2<) to 00 da^-s.

Junk 24. — General F rye's Commonwealers to the number of
125 from California, joined the Coxey arnyv near Bladensburg,

Md By the sinking of a tug off Atlantic Hig>-hlands. Xew

York Cit3’. 20 persons were drowned President Carnot of

France was fatally stabbed by an anarchist in Lyons

Twent.v-five thousand Socialists in Vienna, declared in favor
of universal suffrag'‘e.

June 25. — Enijiloyees of the Pullman Car Co., struck at St.

Louis and other points The trouble with coke strikers near

Xew Haven. Pa., continues The British Court went into

mourning for a week out of respect to the memory of President
Carnot.

June 20. — Senator Cameron sent a letter to the Xational Repub-
lican League, urg'-ing the Republicans to favor free silver

Representative Springer was re-nominated A bo.vcolt on

Pullman cars was ordered by the Railway Union (rreat

disorder occured in the French Chamber of Deputies on the at-
teinj^t to elect a successor to President Carnot.

June 27. — The Pullman boycott extends among railway em-
ployees all over the west, and the trains on many roads out of

Chicag*-o are tied u]) Casimir-Perier was elected president

France Il]inoi> Democrats declared for F ranklin MaeVeag-h

for U. S. Senator Wm. M. Singerly was nominate*! for

governor of Pennsylvania by the Democrats The Republi-

can Leag^ue Convention at Denver, declared in favor of silver.

June 2^5.— The Pullman boycott is extended, and the greatest

strike ever known is promised The income tax feature <)f

the tariff bill, received an overwhelming majority in the Senate

A cyclone in western Minnesota and South Dakota killed

ten persons and in jured twenty more Admiral "VV in. Gren-

ville Temple died in Washington.

June 20.— The tariff bill was reported to the Senate, with in-
come tax feature and repeal of reciprocity incorporated

Col. Parsons, owner of Xatural Bridg'-e, Va., was shot dead by
Thos. A. Goodman, a conductor on tlie Chesapeake & Ohio Rail-

wa.v, for alleged defamation of character The grand jury

in Washington found true bills against Brokers Chapman and
Macartney, who refused t<> answer certain (juestions in relation
to the sugar trust before the Senate investigrating*- committee.

Books and Hagazines.

A revised and enlarged edition of "The Co-opera-
tive Commonwealth," by Kawrence Gronlund, the
Freiich exponent of Socialism, has just been issued
from the press of Lee & Shepard, publishers. New
York. The author, in his introductory, expresses
the belief that what Jules Simon was pleased to call
the " riddle of the niiveteenth centurv,” is likley to
be solved by Socialism during the last ten years of
the period. All that is needed is to convince tlie
masses that the anticipated change in the whole
social fabric of the world is God’s will. The
book is on the order of Bellamy's "Looking
Backward," from which the author seems to have
received much inspiration. It is a pretty picture of
ideal human existence and social equality, and not
lacking in forcible arguments against existing tend-
ences to arrogant aristocracy.

A new inonthK' journal has been started in Berlin
specially intended as the organ of the electro-chem-
ical and electro-metallurgical industries. The new
journal, which is entitled the •• Electrochemische
Zeitschrift," is edited by Dr. Neuburger. and is]nib-
lished by Dr. N. v<m Klobukow through Fischer's
Technologischer Verlag, Berlin. A long list of con-
tributors has already been prepared.

* * *

"The Limitations and (Jperation of the Constitu-
tion of the Utiited States as Affecting the Subject of
Trade Marks," is the name of an exhaustive i)aper
carefully pre])ared and read by Rowland Cox, the
well-known New York attorney at the World's Con-
gress Auxiliary of the Columbian Exposition. It
has just been issued in pamphlet form, and is an
im])i.)rtant and useful addition to trade mark litera-
ture.

The receipt of the 42d annual report of the trustees
of tlie Boston Public Library is acknowledg'ed. The
report shows that the library lias grown from 390,-
982 volumns in 1880 to 597,152 volumns in 1893.

A new work on electrically propelled boats is about
to issue from the jiress of C. C. Shelle3', New York
Citv. The author is Mr. Thos. Commerford Martin,
the well known author of several electrical books and
editor of the Electrical Engineer. This work will
probabL' be the most exhaustive ever published on
the subject treated and will also include some chap-
ters bv Josepli Sachs on the operation of canal boats
by electricitv.

With the compliments of " Public Opinion ” comes
Group No. 5, of the series of Albertype reproduc-
tions of the ])hotogra]}hs of fiftj' prominent contrib-
utors to magazine literature. This is the most in-
teresting of tlie whole series.

Elbert Hubbard utters a much needed, forceful
protest of common sense in the June Arena against
the villainous and bigoted insane movement of the

A. P. A., which is seeking to stir up hate in our
country- between our Catholic and Protestant breth-
ren. He calls his paper aptlv enough. "A New Dis-
ease,” and shows how it is parallel to other ner-
vous diseases which from time to time become epi-
demic in the communitj'.

Readers of the "Public Opinion” must have
noticed a change in the tone and general make up
of that paper of late. Under the new management
no radical changes have been effected, but new
blood has been infused b>' new contributors and
" Public Opinion," the busj^ man’s paper, stands
without a rival in its held.

Could all who contemplate a summer outing real-
ize the beauties of the National Yellowstone Park,
there would be no hesitanej’ about deciding where to
go. The little booklet issued bj- Chas. S. Fee, the
aesthetic general jiassenger agent of the Northern
Pacific railroad company', St. Paul, beautifullj- il-
lustrates and graphicalh' describes the magniffeient
scenerj' and interesting points of interest along this
great trans-continental line. The National Park is
the greatest of natural resorts — a veritable wonder-
land, the beauties of which even the pen of the ver-
satile Olin (J. Wheeler cannot exagerate.

* * *

That pitln' little weekH' publication “Progress,”
conducted bv Mr. W. A. Hungerford, in the interest
of advertisers and Washington business enterprises,
has found its efforts appreciated and eight pages
has been added to its size.

The Governorship of New York.

It is evident that following the overthrow of the
John Y. McKane political ring, and the shaking up
of TammainJsm bv the investigation now in pro-
gress in New Y^ork, an effort will be made to elect a
governor this fall who will be satisfactorv to the
business and reform element of the State. In New
Y’ork citj’ the business men are urging the candi-

daej' of Col. Alexander S. Bacon, whose portrait is
presented herewith. He is a resident of Brooklvn :
a Colonel of the National Guard ; a graduate of
West Point, and has been active in all religious and
benevolent works. He is represented as being a
lawver and an orator and in ever3' wav qualified for
the position of chief executive of the Empire State.

The New Chicago River Tunnel.

The Van Buren street tunnel under the Chicago
river has been completed after four 3'ears work.
The tunnel will be used for the West Chicago Street
Railwa3' onlv, and not for ordinaiW' traffic. It is
quite length3' and passes beneath a net work of
twent3'-one railwa3’ tracks and several large build-
ings as well as the river. It passes directU' be-
neath a seven-stor3' and basement brick building on
the west side and a six-stor3' building on the east
side of the river. In constructing the tunnel it was
found necessar3' to take down this seven-stor3'
building and afterward rebuild it. On the east side
the tunnel has a unifortn grade of 10 per cent for
499.1 feet. At the river the grade is flattened to 1.81
per cent each wa3' from the center, the distance be-
ing 210.86 feet. The west side of the tunnel, 487.44
feet, has a grade of 5.46 per cent, and the approach,
316.5 feet, a grade of 7.93 per cent.

Names of Patent Solicitors.

Xames and addresses of attorneys practicing* before the
United States Patent Office, carefully compiled b.v Virg'iiiia
Middleton, for sale by the Inventive Age; cloth 51.50; paper $1
Edition limited.

THE IXVEXTIVE AGE

143

PATENT DECISIONS.

GREENFIELD VS. PRENTICE.

This ^Yas an interference case in the Patent Office
and was published in vol. 67 O. G. pag'e 1189. Green-
field an electrician and inventor, had been attempt-
ing’ to construct a certain machine and failed, and
thereafter sought Prentice, an expert machinist and
inventor, -whom, he had been informed, had invented
a machine similar to the one with which he was in-
terested and Greenfield confirmed his information b3'
examing a model of Prentice’s invention. At the
same time Greenfield showed Prentice a rough
wooden model of the machine which he had con-
.structed. This machine of Greenfield was, how-
ever, impracticable and was entire!}’ unfit for the
purpose for which it was intended. Subsequent!}'
Greenfield agreed to furnish the labor and material
if Prentice would build a machine. The under-
standing was that if this machine was successful
Greenfield would pay a royalty on the product, to
which agreement Prentice consented, provided,
Greenfield would pay him mechanic’s wages for the
time during which he worked on the machine. Under
this agreement Greenfield engaged Prentice to
build the machine. These being the facts the Com-
missioner held, and it is thought correctly, that
Prentice was the prior, or rather the true inventor
of the machine. This ruling is based on a well es-
tablished principle of patent law. Where an inven-
tor has mapped out or invented the essential fea-
tures of an invention and employes a skilled me-
chanic to embody his ideas in a practically operative
machine, any suggestions or improvments which
the mechanic makes will accrue to the inventor’s
benefit, unless the suggestions or improvements
amount to a separate invention. Then, of course,
the production is due and belongs to the mechanic.
In the Greenfield vs. Prentice case the improve-
ments which the latter offered were construed to
amount to a separate invention, since Greenfield’s
machine was inoperative and therefore unpatent-
able, so that it necessarily followed that Prentice
was the inventor of any operative machine which
he produced. What interest or right Greenfield
would have to the invention is another matter and
the question did not arise in this case.

HUMPHERYS HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE CO. VS.

HILTON.

In this case, a suit involving the validity of a
trade mark and published in vol. 67 O. G. page 1194,
the United States Circuit Court for the Southern
District of New York decided that mere numerals are
not valid trade marks. This rule seems to be estab-

the chang-e of the principle a new machine is pro-
duced and consequently a patentable invention.
Gates had several patents: two were declared invalid
on tlie ground of prior use and sale of more than
two years before the application. It was proven
that one Brown built and used a machine similar
to Gates, more than two years before Gates’ appli-
cation which fact will invalidate Gates' patent. A.
third patent to Gates was declared invalid to the
extend of one claim on the ground of each of the in-
ventions. The invalid claim was for the use of a
soft metal bearing- box used with an ore crushing-
machine and since the use of such boxes was old in
other machines the change was held to be produc-
tive of no invention. This case was very similar
to the condition attending Rusk's patent, and the
ruling was based on well established principles of
patent law. The only way in which the new use
could have conferred patentability was by chang-
ing the principle of the machine, as explained
above. All of these patents were owned by the
Gates Iron Co., and were the basis of their suit.
Since they proved invalid, however, the suit of the
Gates Co. failed. This case was also the means of
deciding- or of re^affirming a point in assignment
law. One Brown invented an ore breaking machine
and orally promised to give the defendants in the
suit an interest therein, subsequently he assigned
to the Gates Co. It was held, however, that the
oral agreement was not good as against the executed
agreement with the Gates Co.

COLHOUX TS. HODGSOX.

This "U'as an interference case in the Patent Office, re-
ported in vol. 67, O. G. pag'e 1329. Colhoun filed a caveat on Oc-
tober 18, 1886. in which as the law requires in such cases, he
made oath that the invention was incomplete. In his testinion y
in the interference, however, he sat'S that in September 1886.
he used the invention publicly in his cannings establishment at
West River. Md. His testimony is weak in fixing’ dates, while
it mig-ht have been strong enough. The only evidence which
he has is his own statement and the testimony of one. Miller,
who was in his employment in 1886 and 1887, and who states
that he remembers the use. but who fixes no date, so that the
use might have been in 1887 as well as in 1886. These statements
could not be given much weight since they were merely of an
ordinary event dependent upon recollection onP* and not veri-
fied by any other testimony. Another fact which cast a
shadow upon Colhoun‘s testimony, was the fact that his appli-
cation was only filed after an interference between Hogson and
one Smith, in which Hogson received a favorable decision.
Subsequently Colhoun assigned to Smith, who now has Colhoun
file the present application and pays all the expense incident
thereto. On the other hand Hogson clearly proves to have con-
ceived the invention as early as December 1st 1886, and to have
reduced it to practice immediately afterwards. These being the
facts the Commissioner held that the dates which Colhoun
tries to establish were not proven and that the record shows a
date no earlier than the date of Hogson's reduction to practice.
Since Hogson used great diligence in perfecting his invention
he was awarded priority* over the negligence which character-
ized the actions of Colhoun.

SAUNDERS t't al vs. ALLEN.

The decision in this case was made by the U. S. Circuit Court
of Appeals for the Second District, and arose out of a suit by
Saunders et al for the infringement of re-issue patent Xo. 10021
by James P. Allen. The feature of the invention rested in the

lished b}' authority other than this decision, since
Browne in his work on trade marks lays down the rule
that numerals cannot be considered as trade marks
unless they are invested with some collateral char-
acteristics which g-ive them an arbitrary cast.
Trade marks must be arbitrary s^ymbols, devoid
both of deceptive and descriptive featvires. It was
determined that the numerals used as by the Hum-
pher3' Co. were descriptive. Probabh' a sing^le
numeral applied to an article of trade would make a
lawful trade mark and this view is not incompatible
with the decision, since Humphery had a series of
specihcs and marked them 1, 2, 3, etc. If now, he
had marked them all with a sing'le numeral using* it
in its arbitrary sense, as it certainly' would be used,
it is not seen that there could have been an^’ valid
objection ; but it is not competent for a person to
designate a series of articles hy separate numerals
and claim therefor the protection which the trade
mark law affords. He could, it would seem, claim
as a series trade marks the separate numbers which
are applied to the respective remedies, but he could
not claim the broad idea or system, as was attempted
in the above quoted case. While the court did not
go this far in its decision, it is thought that the rule
here given is in perfect accordance with those well-
settled principles which compose the trade mark
law.

GATES IROX WORKS VS. FRASER ef al.

This was a case which received adjudication b^'
the Supreme Court on appeal from the Circuit Court
of the U. S. for the Northern District of Illinois. The
decision was published in vol. 67 O. G. page 1065.
In this case the respective patents to John H. Rusk,
and P. W. Gates, were declared invalid. In the Rusk
patent the point involved was the use of the safety'
pin for receiving the undue strain in ore crushing
machines and saving the machine from the detri-
mental action thereof. Rusk used the same pin for
an ore crusher as others had used for different ma-
chines and the new use was held not to be patenta-
ble, This rule is well settled and has for its excep-
tion the case where the new use changes the princi-
ple or mode of operation of the machine. Herewith

use of an anti-friction roller to reduce the friction in a pipe
cutter and it was held that this construction did not
involve any invention over the common practice to use anti-
friction rollers to dispense with friction, and over the
showings of several prior patents which disclosed the idea,
though not the precise construction. It was argued that the
patent should be sustained because of the success which it met
with when placed on the market, but the court held that the
showing in this case was not sufficient, since there was no \ya.y
to determine whether the demand and success was due to trade
discounts and advertising or to actual merit. This view of the
case seems to be original with the Court, and while the applica-
tion of the rule might have been justified in this particular case,
it is thought that the rule should be applied with caution. i It has
been long since established that utilit.v and commercial success
are of great weight, in determining the question of patentability
when more positive evidence is not available, and an_v ruling
which departs from this principle may, it is thought, be ques-
tioned.

JOHNSON el. al. vs. JOHNSON.

This was a suit bv the owners of the patent to M. H. Watson,
for improvements in indexes, against the infrigers thereof, and
in their answer the defendant urged two defences, first that the
patent was not for patentable subject matter, and second, that
the index did not involve invention in view of the state of the
art. Both of the defences were held to be insufficient: and re-
garding the question of not the proper subject matter, it was
decided that an index came within the purview of the word
*• manufacture ” as used in the statute, and was. therefore, pat-
entable in subject matter. This decision is quite an important
one, since it has always been an open tiuestion. whether an in-
dex was the proper subject of a patent, and the decision was
the first authortive ruling on the point. Xo reason is seen whj-
this ruling should not always be adhered to, since the term
‘•manufacture'" embraces all produts of manufacturing industry’
which are not arts, machines, compositions of matter, and de-
signs, and since an index is clearly none of these, it must be a
manufacture, and as such is patentable. The second defence
was overruled and it was declared that the production of the de-
vice did involve invention, notwithstanding some references
which were near approaches to it. The doctrine as to commer-
cial utility was applied in this case, and the favorable decision
was probably due to its influence. It was held that because the
inventor had decided commerical advantages over all prior and
competing inventions, its production must have involved inven-
tion. This rule is applied very often in patent cases, and the
very frequency of its use and ratification establishes, it is
thought, its correctness. This case was reported in vol. 67 O.G.
page 1332.

AMERICAN CABLE RAILWAY CO.. THE MAYOR OF THE CITY OF
NEW YORK el. al.

This case was the means of deciding that a certified copy of
an assignment as recorded in the Patent Office, if objected to at
the proper time, is not competent evidence of title. In deciding
this point the court probably established a precedent, which
will prove of no little importance in patent matters. It has
been universally the custom to relj’ upon the certified copies

of the Patent Office records for the establishment oi tin.' .-’v)
ence of assiLrnmeiii'^. and if this dtfcisirjn -viands unquesij.>n«Mi
is not overruled, this practice will more than probabl;. ci-.-
It has been decided, and by what wa- alwa\ -• reirarded a-
petent authority, that certified c<qiie'' of tlie rec*)rd'- >>i' ilie l^at-
eiit Office are jirima facie evidence of the uenuiiient*-- iher.MU .
but the court maintained that tlie^e decisli>n'' wen* given in jiar-
ticular cases and were not of general apT>licat|*>n. On the oiber
hand they cited a deci'^i<m in which their view of the maiit-r wih
taken. This ca<e, however, treated the p<jitit only by <

Jirla and cannot be regarded a«^ authority. An appellate re-
view of the decision in the Cable C<t.. - v, Ma\f*r. etc., ca^e 1-
looked forward to with a great deal of intere'-i. '•ince it i< ihoughi
that some ma.v ij^ucstion its correctnes>. the weight of authoili/
being in another direction. The rule of the ca^e i> doubtle----
good in principle, but it may not be accepted on account of the
presence of decided and numerous authorities establishing a
negative rule.

EX PARTE GROVE,

This was a decision of the Assistant Commissioner of Patent-,
on a trade mark case brought before him on petitl<in from the
Primary Examiner. The question involved was the validity of
a registration of the word ’•Bromo-Ouinine." It was contended
hy the applicant that the word was arbitrar.v and non-descrip-
tive. and therefore a good trade mark, while the examiner
maintained that it was not arbitary and on the other hand wa^-
descriptive. This would make it an invalid trade mark. The
decision was to the effect that the word Bromo and Ouinine are
names of chemicals, and that the use of these words would ini-
plj- the existence of the chemicals in the compound to which
they are applied. Therefore, the conclusion that the trade mark
was descriptive. The applicant averred that the preparation
contained no Bromo, or any variation or species thereof, and
was not, for this reason, descriptive, to which the Commissioner
answered, that if this was the case the trade mark was deceptive.
Such an attribute makes a trade mark invalid ; and for these
reasons registration of the mark was refused, and the examin-
ers' decision consequents* affirmed.

SOCIAL REGISTER CO.. VS. HOWARD.

This was a bill in equitj* b.v the Register Co., asking an in-
junction restraining the publication of a plamphlet called How-
ard's Social Register, and addressed to the U, S. Circuit Court.
District of Xew Jersey. For nianj* years the complainant has
published in Xew York a register or directory of the names and
addresses of certain persons living in Xew York and vicinity,
calling the publication “The Social Register." The register
soon became well known, and proved to be of great value to the
persons interested in the social and personal standing of the res-
idents of Xew York. The defendant. Frank Howard, now
publishes a similar list, designating it ** Howard's Social Reg-
ister." for the restraint of which an injunction is asked bj* the
complainant. The court held, notwithstanding the adverse
contention of the defendant, that the words “ Social Register "
were the proper subject of a valid trade mark, and therefore
granted an injunction, ordering the discontinuance of How-
ard's register. This decision has not yet been reviewed by an
appellate tribunal, and its validitj* has not, therefore, been
questioned.

THE KNICKERBOCKER VS. ROGERS tl al.

This case was a suit at law and based on the several patents
to Orville Morse for improvements in dust collectors, and com-
plaining of their infringement. The defendants denied infringe-
ment and also the patentability of the invention. It seemed
that infringement was clear, if that is to be deduced from the
court's statement that “if claim two * * * is valid, the de-
fendants' devices are infringements thereof." The sole ques-
tion was. therefore, as to the validity of the patent or patents.
The invention in controversy* was a dust separator, or collector
as it is technically termed, while the devices urged as anticipa-
tions thereof were steam separators. The patents of Morse
were for devices for separating dust from atmosphere, while the
references were for separating steam from the residue or the
product of its condensation. The theory or principle of the in-
vention was dependent upon the centrifugal influence attending
the whirling dust and air, which, owing to the greater specific
gravity of the dust, threw the latter towards the sides of the
receptical and permitted it to escape through an opening pro-
vided therefor, while the pure air. affected to but a slight degree,
escaped by way of an opening in axial coincidence with the re-
ceptical. 'The steam separators were not originally adapted to
separating dust and air; but by some modifications might have
answered this purpose, and might have been substantially the
same as the Morse device. The court held, however, that this
did not constitute anticipation, and that where the novelty of
the invention resides in the particular form adopted, it is not
negatived by prior structures in another art. and which are not
capable of doing its work, though afterwards, in the light of
that invention, they can be modified to perform its function.

DURHAM I’.'. DENNISON MANUFACTURING COMPANY.

This was a bill in equity for the infringement of two patents:
one a reissue dated June 10. 1884. of a patent dated May 8. 1883,
for a combined tag and envelope, and the other an orginal pat-
ent dated Xovember 24. 1885, for an improved envelope. The
case came to the Supreme Court on appeal from the Circuit
Court of the United States for the Southern District of Xew
York. The original patent was summarily disposed of by de-
claring non-infringement as a question of fact. On the other
hand, the treatment of the reissue involved a question of law,
the settlement of which resulted in a declaration of the invalid-
ity of the patent.

FORGIE r’.''. OIL WELL SUPPLY CO.

This is a case coming before the U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals,
Third Circuit, on appeal from Circuit Court United States for
the 'Western District of Pennsylvania, and one in which F orgie.
the complainant below, sued the Well Supply Co. for infringe-
ment of letters patent Xo. 422.879 gi anted to him for an improve-
ment in oil well wrenches. The court held that Forgie's patent
was invalid. The rule of law upon which this decision is based
is, that of two persons interested the one who actually makes
the complete invention is entitled to the patent. It is not suffi-
cient that one suggest the ends and the means by which it can
probably be attained, for this does not constitute invention:
it is the means for attaining the end which form the invention,
and the producer thereof alone is entitled to the patent. The
.application of this rule to the facts of the case is easy, and re-
sults in the decision reached by the court. This case is re-
ported in vol. 67, O. G.. page 1573.

RecexT experiments in glass making-, in Ger-
many', have resulted in combination of ingredients
which will make g-lass that will transmit lig-ht. but
only’ a small per cent of heat. This gdass yvill be
especially' y'aluable for gas and lamp shades, and
for electric lights.

144

THE

AOE

nients of patents or partial interest in same, as
on record in the United States Patent Office for
the month endiiijr May 2^, where the consid-
eration was S2.0<X) and over.

John Blue inventor, to John M. McCormick
of Laurinbiir.v. N. C. Stalk Cutter. Exclusive
to make, use and vend throuirhont the U. S.,
except North and South Carolina. SlO.OOO.

■\Vm. L. Butts inventor, to the Standard
Ranire Co., of Evansville. Ind. Stove or Ranye.
All rights for U. S. So, 000.

Thomas Brett inventor, the Brett Piano Co..
assit»-nors to L. E. Mor</an and others of Gen-
eva, Ohio. All rijrhts. S5.00O.

■\Vm. L. Butts inventor, to the Standard Ranye
Co., of Evansville, Ind. Water Fire Pot. All
ri”’lits. $3,000.

Claude W. Bennett and Franklin Chapman
inventors, to Claude W. Bennett of Penn,
ZSIich. Wire Fence. All rijrts. $15,000.

Wm. H. Betts inventor. INIodel Mop Pail and
Wriiijrer Co.. assiLTiiors. to J. A. White of Clii-
caj^o. Mop Wrinyers. All rijfhts. $2.0n0.

Herman L. Boyle invetitor. to Dan J. Leathers.
Grand Rapids. Mich. Pneumatic Tires for
Wheeled Vehicles. An undivided half interest.
$2.(H)0.

Ambrose S, Baker inventor, to Etnnia L.
Hooker. Vermillion. South Dakota. Composi-
tion of Matter for Bricks. All riirhts. $2,500.

C. S. En^’lisli inventor, to Jude C. English,
Lowell. Mich. Electrical Governors for Water
Wheels. f)ne f<nirth of his ri.Lfht. $5,000.

A. G. Evans in ventor, to the National Switch
and Siirnal Co., Easton. Pa. Bearinj^s for Sig-
nal and Switch Rods. All riirhts. $2,500.

Geo. H. Spencer inventor, to Henry A. Muy-
lt*r of Chicago, 111. Grapples. All rights.
$2.0(X).

Zachary M. Lindley inventor. Thomas A.
Rover assijrnor, to .S. 0). Salisbury and J. E.
Campbell of Rapillon. Neb. WasliiiijU" Ma-
chine. All ri<^hts. $2,000.

L. L. Loomis inventor, to M. L. Ballon. In-
valid Beds. One fourth interest in said inven-
tif)!!. $2,000,

Janies Leple.v inventor, to Wni. L. Showers,
Lewisburtr, Pa. Buyyy Wrenches. An undi-
vided half of his interest. $2,5tM).

Horace C. Lyman inventor, to the Lyman
Wind Mill and Power Co. Wind Mills. All
rijrhts. $2(».000.

Wm. S. Laney inventor, to J. F. Rainer.
Washiii"* Machine. All riirlits for 15 states.
$15.0(K).

John A. E. Anderson in vtoitor, to W ni. C. and
Thos, Kern of Lebanon, Ind. Fence. All
ri^Gits. $2,000.

Matthew F. Connett. Jr., inventor, the Ten-
nessee Fence Co., assi^rnors, to C. F. Dilto of
Trcw, Ohio. Fence Machine. All rijrhts for
the states, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana.
$5,5o(>.

Janies K. 011111111111”“^ inventor, to C. R. Lynn
and C. F. Worley. Coffee Pt)t. All riyhts for
Ohio and Kentucky. $3,001).

Emil Dewerth inventor, to John Hairerdorii
of Detroit, Mich. Douirh Cuttiiijr Machine.
All ri”-ius. $2,000.

Asa B. Frame inventor, to the A. B. Frame
Water Wheel Co., of Muscatine. Iowa. Water
AVheel. All rights. $()0.ooo.

Edward A. Franklin inventor, Texas Inven-
tion C(.>., assij^nors. J. A. Brown of Austin,
Te.xas. Siphon Pumps for Oil Cans. All riyhts.

$2,500.

f>tis F. Goodwin inventor, to Alexander
Mack of Prelaski Co., Ga. Roller Cotton Gin.
One undivided half of all his rijrhts. $2,5lh).

Josiah C. (Toodiii”’ i 11 ventor. to Anna Reed and
others. Design Desk and Seat. All rights for
the State of Indiana. $15,000.

Joseph W. Henry inventor, to J. B. Scott of
Burton, Mo. Seed Cleaners. All rights for
the States of Illinois and Kansas. $5,000.

Thomas J. Hatfield inventor. J. C. Benson
assignor, to W. H. Howard and others of Ham-
ilton Co., Iowa. Fanning Mills and Grain
Cleaners. All rights for Minnesota and North
Dakota. $2.4<X).

August Ma^^er inventor, to S. W. Miller of
Chicago, 111. Automatic Flush Tanks. All
his rights. $2,500.

Daniel D. Merrill, Jr., in ventor, to the Tadella.
Pen Co., of West Virginia. Trade Mark for
Metalic Pens. E.xclusive right to manufacture
and sell. $10. 000.

G. de C. O'Gradt’ and J. R. Collins inventors,
to C. H. Trego of Chicago, 111. Coin Holders.
Exclusive right to manufacture and sell. $8,000.

Robert E. Poindexter inventor, Robert R.
Irving assignor, to John W. Mitchell of India-
nopolis, Ind. Fence I^ost Bases. All rights.
$2,700.

Wm. R. Park inventor. Park Manufacturing
Co., assignors, to Thos. H. Ellis of Whitman,
Mass. Jet apparatus. All rights. $15,000.

Geo. F. Ranson inventor, to the American
Watchman's Time Detecting Co., of Ohio.
Watchman's Time Detectors. Exclusive right.
$70,000.

Horace L, Freeman inventor, Baxter Shem-
well assignor, to J. C. Carpenter of Clifton
Forge, Va. Furniture Tightening Device. An

undivided five-twelfths of his rights for the U.
S., except 22 counties in Tennessee. 10 counties
in Texas and seven states. $32,000.

Seth D. Tripp inventor, to the Tripp Fruit
Wrapping Machine Co., of West Virginia.
Wrapping Machine. All rights. 249.500.

Janies W. Woodward inventor, to L. A. Wals-
worth of Harve.v. 111. Ice Cream Freezer. All
rights for the State of Michigan. $4,tX10.

Columbus E. Wilson inventor. Amos Duffy
assignor, to Frank H. Conaway AVood Co.. Ohio.
Fences. All rights for 28 counties in Ohio.
$2,000.

Lee Yancey inventor, to Geo. A. Baker and
Truman Barker. Attachment for Adjusting
AVindow Shades or CurtaitE. All rights for 30
Counties in New York. $3.»')b0

Electric Flashes.

AA'ork on the Chicago and St. Louis electric
r^lway is now well under way.

The Gray Telautagraph Exchange in Lex-
iiiglt)!!. Ky.. is pronounced a success.

Mr. Nikola Tesla has had the degree of L. L.
D.. conferred upon him by Columbia College.

Elect rical Review observe'- that God certainly
should ble'^s the man who fir->t conceived the
electric fan.

The net profits of the Montreal Street Rail-
way Company for the si.x winti*r months ending
March 31 are given at $59,000.

Electric wagons with pneumatic tires are
destined to take the place of Inn'se vehicles of
the ]>resent day in large cities.

A bill to allow cities to furnish electric cur-
rent for heating has been passed by the Massa-
chusetts House of Representatives.

Tile National School of Electricity has been
organized in Chicago, with Thos. A Edison as
dean. The president of the school is J. P.
Barrett.

Lizzie Halliday. a murderess, and the first
woman to be condemned to the electric chair,
will be electrocuted at the Auburn. N. Y., prison
during the week beginning August (».

A bicycle railway is projected between Spring-
field and Plolyoke, Routes between the two
places have been carefully viewed and ]>roperty
owners have been seen about the scheme.

Tlie authorities of St. Petersburg, Russia,
have notified United States inventors that the
tramway lines of that city are to be equipped
with the best Street railway mc>t<.)rs that can
be <)btained.

Bt>ston city authorities have ordered the AVest
End Street Railway Company to remove all
overhead wi res. Telegraph and telephone com-
panies have also been ordered to place their
wires underground.

C. C. AA^’ood and Chas. Berg, of Moorhead,
ivlinn.. have invented an incandescent electric
motor, which they call the “Ring" motor. It is
12 inches in diameter by 5 in dei)th, which is
enclosed in an air tight glass covered case.

The ex])erinient of carrying U. S. mails on
the trollt' v cars of Brooklyn, is to be tried. The
Atlantic avenue line will be used. A closed
trolley car, painted white, and marked “U. S.
mail." for distribution along the line, will be
run 1 roll! the3()th street station to Coney Island,

A Chinese engineer, educated in New Haven.
Conn., is about completing a telegraph line.
3.<in(> miles long, across the Gobi desert, from
Pekin to Kashgar, Chinese Turkestan. It has
been three years under construction, and jxjles
in places were hauled 609 miles. Branch lines
connect it with the Russian system.

It is ])robably not widely known says
trica/ Rcrirv:. that only 7 out of Hie 17 transat-
lantic cables are in use — 10 having given out
from various causes. Estimating the cost of
each cable at $3,000,000. here is an irreclaimable
investment of $30,000,000 safely buried beneath
the oci*an to a depth ranging from a few
fathoms to over five miles.

Col. Cody in the June C os^wopolUan Advance,
the theory that the noticeable change in the
cli matic conditi^ni of the western prairies, is due
largely to the building of wire fences and tele-
graph lines, tliat attract electrical currents,
and that this especially accounts for the dew,
an alnn>st unknown condition on the great
plains until within the last few years.

In the Massachusetts Legislatu re a substitute
for the bill to incorporate the Boston. Somer-
ville ct Lowell Street Railwa.v Company pro-
viding for the incori>oration by bloody

Boynton and others of the Boston Sz L‘>well
Bicycle Company . capital $3.(MH).0<M). to construct
and operate an elevated and surface road under
Boynton patents between Boston and Lowell
was passed.

The electric headlight is making its way in
railroad service. AA'here already in use it is a
demonstrated economical and practical success.
The old oil headlight has its limits and its dis-
advantages. The electric headlight throws its
rays from half to three-quarters of a mile in
front of the locomotive. Obstructions on the
road are plainly visible at that distance, some
engineers asserting that a switch disk can be
more readily made out b}' such a light at night
than in the day time.

Bay Ridge.

This is the name of a beautiful spot on the
Chesai)eake Bay, which is reached by the Bal-
timore & Ohio Railroad. Arundel-on-the-Ba}’
is the name of another summer resort*— a shady
prominence three miles south of Bay Ridge,
and connected therewith b\* an independent
railroad. These resorts are popular with
AA'ashingtonians because of their accessability
and the opening of the season was inaugurated
last month with an excursion from this city in
which a number of newspaper men were treated
right royalty by Mr. S. B. Hege, district pas-
senger agent for the B. Sz O. The facilities for
bathing at Bay Ridge are excellent, the cafe
and hotels are commodious and the manage-
ment and all the surroundings are in keeping
with a first-class resort.

Industrial Notes.

A $1,000,090 smelting plant is to be built at
Perth Amboy, N. J.

A fire in Dubuque, la., last month destroyed
22.000.000 feet of lumber.

The Page Tube AA'oiks, of AYarren, O., have
obtained fuel and have resumed with 350 men.

The Missouri Court of Api.)eals has decided
that a cable road in front of one's premises is
not a nuisance.

“Come off." is the ingenius trade mark
adopted by John C. Proctor of Rochester. N. Y..
for a corn remedy.

The North River Bridge Bill has finally re-
ceived the signature of the President, after
passing both branches of Congress.

During last month's coal famine, corn was
mixed with coal for fuel in Sioux City nianu-
facturies and the experiment was a success.

A company with a capital of $500,(-H)0 will be
organized at Bessemer, Ala., for the purpose of
erecting and operating a large steel plant at
that place.

An order fiir 30 passenger locomotives for the
Central Railroad of Brazil has been placed with
the Brooks Locomotive AA'orks of Dunkirk,

N. Y. The order amounts to nearly $750,000.

A i>atenl has been granted in Auckland, New
Zealand, for a net to catch whales. The mesh
is big enough for a calf to pass through, and it
is said to have been used already with great
success.

Reading, 'Pa'., capitalists have commenced
operating the graphite mines at Pughtown,
AA^est Chester County, Pa., which were discov-
ered and worked satisfactorily niarn' years ago,
but have been since abandoned.

The Canadian Pacific railway company is
considering the feasibility of utilizing the vast
water power along its Rockv Mountain division
for the purpose of generating electricity to run
the traiiH over the mountains.

The bill incorporating the Massachusetts
Ship Canal Company -with a capital stock of
$7.500,0tM} has passed the Massachusetts House
of Representatives. It is i^roposed to construct
a canal across Cape Cod from Nantucket Sound
to Cape Cod Bay.

One of the most inip<wtant inventions in the
way of farm machiiier.v is that of J. AA'. Spang-
ler of A^'ork, Pa., — a machine for distributing
paris green. The machine has the appearance
of a corn cultivator, the hoppers being so justi-
fied as to distribute the paris green on two rows
of potatoes at once.

All acre of land was carefully measured in
Chehalis county, AA'ash., by a timber cruiser,
and found to contain fourteen fir trees, the
smallest of which was 0 feet diameter and the
largest 10 feet. The average distance to tlie
first limb was 150 feet and on^ tree was 300 feet
long. That acre would yield more than 500,-
OlH) feet of lumber.

Hon. Chauncey M. Dupew, in his speech at
University’ of A’'irginia, June 11th said : Our
country is still comparatively unsettled, our re-
sources are only partially developed, and our
possibilities for industry, for happiness and
lor homes are incalculable. The Southern
States offer almost boundless opportunities of
agricultural and mineral wealth.

A Massillon. O.. dispatch says : The J. H. &
D. Lake Co., manufacturers of fricticni clutch
pulleys, were closed by the sheriff Friday. June
15. Proceedings in foreclosure were instituted
bv AA'. \A'. Fish, trustee, of Elmira, N. Y., to se-
cure a mortgage of $15't>00. and other obligations
will run the total up to $30,000. An effort backed
bv the Board of Trade, is being made to effect
a reorginazatioii and continue the business.

An Extraordinary Offer.

The Inventive Age has made arrange-
ments whereby it can furnish the complete^ set
of AA'orld's Fair views — 220 in all — at a nominal
figure. These views are not cheap wood cuts
but fine half-tone cuts covering every important
feature of the greatest of the world's expc^si-
tions. The In vi:ntive Age one year, and this
set of views will be sent to any address, postag-e
paid for $1.35.

Still another great offer is that of the Peo-
ple's' Atlas of the world — maps and statistics
corrected up to 1««-1 — 124 pages— maps of every
state and every nation — a complete Atlas, with
over 300 illustrations, usual price $3 to $5. We
will furnish The Inventive Age one year and
send the Allas to any address, postage paid for
$1.35. Reliable agents wanted in every county
in the United States. Send for terms to
The Inventive Age,

AA^ashington, D. C.

Who Has Back Numbers of Inventive Age?

The Inventive Age wants the following
back numbers and will be pleased to pay all ex-
pense of postage.

1889— Nos. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 22
and 24.

1890— Nos. 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40,
41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, and 50.

1891 — Nos. 51, 52, 54, 55, 59, 64, 72, 73, 76.

1892— Nos.— 67, 78,81, 88. 94.

1393 — January, May, June and July issues.

Advise us bv postiil in advance of what num-
bers you will send and we will forward stamps
for mailing.

The Inventive Age,

AA'ashington, 1). C.

Summer Vacation Tours.

The Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co., now has
on sale at all its offices east of the Ohio River a
full line of tourist excursion tickets to all the
lake, mountain and sea-shore resorts in the
Eastern and Northern States and in Canada.
These tickets are valid for return journey un-
til October 31st. Before deciding upon your
summer outing it would be well to consult the
B. & O. Book of “Routes and Rates for Sum-
mer Tours." All B. & O. Ticket Agents at
principal points have them, and they will be
sent post paid upon receipt of ten cents, by
Chas. O. Scull, General Passenger Agent, B. 6z

O. R. R. Baltimore, Md.

Advertisements inserted in this column for 20
cents a line (about 7 words) each insertion.
Every new subscriber sending $1.00 To The In-
ventive Age will be entitled to the Age one
vear and to five lines one time free. Ad-
ditional lines or insertions at regular rates.

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 486,944; Milk Stool.

* Has been thoroughly tested with good sat-
isfaction. AA’ill sell entire right or state rights.
For further particulars address, R. AA". Shaw,
box 575. Lapeer. Mich.

pOR 3ALE. — Door Lock. No. 506,792. Pat. Oct,
■ 17. 1893. AA’ill sell for a reasonable price,

either a state, royalty- or entire right. Chas.

P. Nixholm. Hecla, Beaverhead Co.. Mont.

pOR SALE. — Patent outright, or state or court-

* t3’ rights— patent granted Jan. 17, 1893, on
Rain (or Mudi Skirts ; sickness is reason for
selling. Address, Patent Rain Skirt Co., 828
A^liet St., Milwaukee, AA’is.

pOR SALE. — M3' patent No. 518.637 ; Improved
® Straw Stacker, to be attached to an3’
threshing machine. It is automatic ; a great
improvement over the old kind ; has been
thoroughl3’ tested. AA'rite for particulars. A,
A'an Houwling, Leighton. Iowa.

pOR SALE. — A good patent. An improved

* Fly Brush, patented Jan. 20. 1891. useful in
eveiw faniilv especiall3' in South and AA’’estern
States. No. 4-H-.903. AA'ill sell cheap for cash, or
entire patent or part. For price and particu-
lars address Mrs. J. Russell. Tabor, Iowa.

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 521,351. Automatic

* Boiler Feeder; iiatented June 12.1894. If
not sold this 3’ear, '94, will manufacture and
sell m3’self. Address Henr3' J. AA'eisser, 244
Chestnut St., Pottstown, Pa.

pOR SALE. — A ver3’ valuable Mining Machine
^ foi sale : Letters Patent 517,721. Address
J. A. A. care Inventive Age. AA’’ashington, D. C.

pOR SALE,— B3
^ for Si

-E. — Bv the jiatentee. recent patents
.... .-..ght Speed. Recording Speed. Record-
ng and Pressure Gagnes, Fire Sprinklers. Do-
nestic Creamer3', Electric Car Elevator and
elevator EMachines. Geo. T. McLauthlin, 120

BUSINESS SPECIALS.

Advertisements under this heading 20 cents a
line each insertion — seven words to the line.
Parties desiring to purchase valuable patents
or wanting to manufacture patented articles
will find this a valuable advertising medium.

W/” ANTED, — Correspondence with inventors
desiring

ig seamless articles made. On re-

ceipt of full description will submit estimate
and send sample of a new material. Address,
J. B. Kittredge, AA^estfield, Mass.

\^ANTED. — To correspond with some one
having a good patented article, small and
practical; with a view to manufacturing and
introducing same. Address, Lock Box 12,
Galhner, Nebraska.

^^ANTED. — Correspondence with capitalists
’ ^ seeking an investment in something prof-
table and permanent, having from $1,000 to
10. (WO to invest will do well to enquire. Ad-

X^ANTED— To purchase a good patent, some
small novelt3' of merit or monev saving
or labor saving device with price within reach
of all. to sell on ro3'aU3'. AA’’. H. Harmon, 2129^

Madison Ave.. Kansas Cit3', Mo.

\\/'ANTED.— To sell or place on ro3'alt3'.
Paper File ; holds anv number from 500
to 10,000. An3' paper can be removed and re-
placed without interfering with an3' other.
Best ever invented. Address A. Armstrong,
Box 141, Noblesville, Ind.

RANTED.- -Lakefield, Minnesota, offers an
^ excellent opportunit3’ for the establish-
ent of a woolen factor3’. No woolen mills in a
dius of KX) miles. I want to correspond with
meone who understands the business, with a
ew of establishing a factor3’. Address A. R.

TNVPNTnR^ experimentors can obtain

111 lull lUflO valuable assistance from us in

Iierfecting their ideas. Models and patterns a
specialty. Write us. win. Gardam & Son, 98
John St., New York.

pOR SALE.— M3' patent. No. 512.326: Reversi-
^ ble Toboggan Slides; can bemadel5or2d
feet long for children, nothing better for pleas-

ure and exercise. AA411 sell state rights or sell
the patent outright, AY rite for my prices. T. M.
Richards. Ebensburg, Pa., Cambria Co.

OUR $1.50 OFFER.

The Inventive Age one year and Robt.
Grimshaw's famous book ^"Tips to In-
ventors " 50

Address all communications to

THE INA^ENTIA'E AGE,
AA’ashington, D. C.

THE INVENTIVE AOE

M5

CLASSIFIED li
mostly iutere
^ seud, postpa'

( opies ;

list of Patents issued during tlie mouth appears in each issue of the iNVENTivii Age, which keeps inventors posted in the art in which IIk n arc-

interested. The full address of auj- patentee, and number of paicnt found below sent to any address on receipt of one 2-cent stamp. 'A’c will

postpaid, to any address, printed copies of any IT. S. patents, with specifications and drawings, upon receipt of 20 cents for one copy ; 35 cents for two
50 cents for three copies. (See premium offer elsewhere in this issue.) Address THE INVENTIVE AGE, 8tii axd H Sts., W.vshixg.ton. D. C.

LIST OF PATENTS

GK.VNTEI) for INVP:N'nONS,
MAY 29th, <894.

(See note at head of this list.]

Acid proof ctiiiipositioTi. .1 -t .lust.
Ad\'ertisi!is wagon. .1 N Kiis.sell.

Air compre.-.sor. .1 Birerand H Messing.^
Alnniina, making porous sulfate of. .1 Kne-
■ inist.

Ann rest for writing purposes, niovaOle. .p
\V. Shea. ,

Asphalt heating and mixing machine. K
Putclier.

Auger, l>oll'->\v. J ^ wani.

Awning attacliineiit. K. B"\\les.

Ax. J P Kellv.

Axle lubricutor. 0 W Pero.

Ballot box, registering. ^ L M Foster.

Banjo mute. 11 E Ije Valley.

Barrel by recoil of first, inertia piece re-
leasing secDinl. A Burgess.

Bars or rods, maeliiiE for drawing. P IM
Haas an.l C 8 Dutton.

Battery element, secondary. S A Tb>sentlial
and V C DoubbMlay.

Bearings, dust guard for iiedal. II 31 Pope.
Bed, invalid. J B Seearce.

Bed joint, folding. C Bostad.

Bed, sofa. A F C'onant.

Bedsteail. W Gooilliffe.

Belt tightener. 0 C Stuart.

Bei'th raising or lowering ineclianism. 11
Poor.

Bicycle. W A Courtland.

BiHiar<l games, apparatus for one ball. G
Gscliweiidtuer.

Boiler and furnace. K Muller.

Boiler front angle plate. f« l'f>x.

Book bolder. A A Ambler.

Bofik stajiling inacliine. E T GreeniieM.
Btfot or shoe nailing maclilne. F D Lo< ke.
Bomjiiet bolder. A Mente.

Box pile. A H 31oore.

Bracket. W D Gridley.

Braiding macldne spool holder. W 3Iiin«lt.
Branding iron. J L Torrey,

Brick presses, sectional mold fur. P L
Simpson.

Broom, corn. J L Stevenson.

Broom corn, machine for removing stems
from. 1* Ijamboy.

Brush. A E Magoris.

Brush, rleansing. (r Park.

Brush, tooth. O F Hager.

Buckle. 0 A Ci»nger.

Buff wheel. WT Heylmaii.

Buffing wheel. T J Cleary.

Building, fireproof. M F JIcCarthy.

Butter, preserving or renovating. >> N
Blakeman, Jr.

Button. C K Stowe.

Button riveting machine. F A Byno.
Calipers, watchmaker’s A F Brockway.
Cambering macliine. H C Uyding.

Camera shutter W J MeCoIloni.

Can tilling machine. J NV Kales.

Cane transferring device, sugar. C D Arnu-
8tr« mg.

Car buffer, J. 3V F Biebards.

(■ar coupling. E \\ Kelley.

('ar coupling. 3V S Miller.

Car fender, railway. J NV 3Tadden.^

Car lighting orbeating system. C B Ar-
nold.

Car standartl. A Johnson.

Carpet stretclier. W Hover.

Carriage. W M Ward.

Carriage, bahy. O Thielemann.

(.larriage top. J P JolinsDii.

Cash register and uidieatiir. L Ihlirlicli.
Cattle guanl, electric. D H W ilson.

Chuck, drill grimling machine. J S Ban-
croft.

Churn. J P BoMing.

Churn. 0 W Crabb,

Cluirn attachment. J M Hughes.

Cigar lighter, electric. D .Misell.

Cigar tii» cutter. A P Tliompson.

Cigarette making machine. U F 31 L«‘-
maire

Circuit closer. G W Hey.

Clii>. F C Atherton.

C/lock case. -V Hanatyne.

Clock, electrically illuminated. D 3Iisell.
Clock striking mechanism, electric. G D
Wai'uer.

Cloth cutting machine. P Howe.

Clotlies drier. E S Sutton.

Clutch. E Ij lones.

Clutch. 31 F Mc3Iahoa and T F Carver.
Glutch, rope. DW Greutt.

Coal separator. W H Herring.

Cock bo.K, stop. T J Kyan.

Coin fliseharging and delivering device. P
G Wagner.

Collar, horse. P K Coover.

Comb cleaner. H Fisher.

Comb cleaner. G W Biehardson.

Cooking device, steam. G Ving^r.

Cork compressor. S Wile and H La Casse
Cork cutting mackiue. F 0 Truslow.

Cork feeder. S Wile and H La Cicsse.

Cork shell cutting ma<ddne. A L 31itchell.
Crane, charging. T B Sr., ami W H 31or-
gau.

Crib, fuliling. S C Neal.

Cuff blank turning machine. G E Norris.
Cuff’ liohler. W \V Anilersmi,

Current motor, alternating. W Stanley, .Tr.
Curtain roil, adjustable. W Turner.
Curtains, A'c., adjustalde ra< k for stretching
lace. 0 L Kuehu.

Cut oft. rain water. W Hilliker.

(.'utter heads, pnwer attaihnieiit for side.
C C Stuart.

Cycle diiving mechanism. F L Eager.
Damper. W E Patchin.

Dating and stamp canceling machine. JJ
B McElrath.

Derrick, tloating. T 'I' H Harwood.

Desk ami seat, school. J Palmhi-rg.

Iiesk support and hinge, combined. F W
d’obey

Di.siiifccting apparatus. B A Boseiiblatt.
J'istilling water, metlind of and apparatus
fur. H F Hodges ami £) J Havtmstrite.
Door check. T Curley.

Door lock, sliding. A Dillenhack.

Dress giiods rack. 11 0 Parsons.

Eggs, compound for and method of preserv-
ing. F 31 I'nderwood.

Electric battery. S 11 lloggson.

Electric motors, operating. .T S I’ancri.ft,
Electrode, tlierajieutic. \V B Farrar.
Elevator. J H Clark.

Elevator. \V li. 3lcCoy.

Engine steering gear, tiaction. G W
K ramer.

Evaporating ajiparatns. A P Leist.
Excelsior machine. T 31 Sliaiik.

Eyelet. E L Pnpke.

Fats from animal or vegetable substances,
extracting. A Schweizer.

Feed rolls, device foi weighting. C C
Stuart.

Fence machine, wire and picket. G E Sim-
mons.

Fence post. F.T 3Ic0n]lough.

Fence wire, inailiinc for stretching or te-
inoviiig. W 31 Barger.

Filling deviee, automatic. A E IhiL'gs.

Fire alarm apj'aratus. F .1 Tliniihoi.st.
Firearm , recoil operated. A Ihugess.

Fire pail. F B ( 'oinins.

Fireproof strut tnre. 31 F 3IcCaithy
Fish line rc<‘l. C B (Jorbin.

Fish litie reel. N 11 Metdegor.

Floor, ceiling, \'C., fire proof. 31 F 310-
Cartiiy.

Floors, yc., construction of firepr'of. 31 F
3IcGartliy.

Fly [laper, stieky. o and W Tlitim.

Fi.iod for horses, prt'paring. H B Kaiser-
stein.

Food prodnct.s from cereals, machine for the
manufacture of. 11 D Perky.

Furnace. .1 W Wilkinson.

Furnace door. L Diittner.

Furnact's, wind Jacket for Mast. L B
Walker and J Murphy.

Garment fastener. E S Smith.

Gas burner. H Epprecht.

Gas furnace. G Axdorfer.

Gas making apparatus. W A Konoman.

Gas service pipes, comlenser ami <lrip for.

A 11 (iindele.

Gate. J H 3Iorrls.

Gate. J B Van Nada.
fiear, revetsing. G W King.

Grain bimler. A Stark.

Grain binder tension device. J Whitcomb
and A Wotring.

Grain cleanor. C J 3Iober.

(drain im ter. H P Dennis.

Grain separator. .1 II ( refer.

Grave or lot markers, machine for making.
M B and F J 3Iishler.

Grinding machine. E B Benham and II E
Bai lo w.

(dun, n'coil operated maga/.ine. A Ihirgess.
Hame link. J Stanley.

Hat tiotem-r. J .1 liionlan, Jr.

Hat rack. (J E Cochrane.

Hay rake ami loailer. J T Bell and A T
Stewai t.

Head rest. A Schwaab, .Tr.
lieat'M and table. E 31 Burrhanl.

Heators, cast iion Ctmduit for steam or hot
water. CJ Balthasar.

Healing apparatus, liot water. A T Hen-
derson.

Heel A P (d(.itham.

Hinge. J J Berry.

Hitching device, horse. JW 3lcllenry.
Hoisting macliine. L Ilamerly.

Holdback. W Bice.

Hook. J 31 Beid.

Horseshoes, naillc.ss. <J Bnrgstalh*r.
Humidify ing fibrous snlistances, means and
apparatus for. J T Pi ansou,

Insulator. C K Conover.

Insulator. H II Ijuscom]).

Insulator. L 3JcCHrtliy.
iron, apparatus for breaking pig. J S Ken-
nedy.

Kiln. F Ilalbeisen.

Kitchen eabinet. 31 S Thomas.

Knitting machine. L E Salisbury.

Knoll attachment. T E Wardwell.

Lainji shade. FE Knight and H S Smith.
Lamps, oil regulator fur continuously fed.
H S Pullman.

Lantern, bicycle signal 2. F Bhiml.
Leather scoring niachiiuL J B Scott.
Legged aiticles, Construction of. \V J Iliim-
]ihreys,

Li'iuid distributer, automatic. P Leoni.
Locomotive attai hmeiit. J 11 Butln-rford.
Loom for weaving bordered fabrics. S (doss
and W Valley,

Loom lease rods. A 3Iinnoy.

Lci'ini let oft mechanism. J H 3Iayer.
Matrix drying ajiparatus. B H Healey.
3Ieasm'ing machine, cloth. J 11 Vander-
hurg.

Meclianical ni'ivement S F Alberger.
3lilling machine. V W Mason, .Ir.

Mirror adjusting device. F W 'fobey and
D W Tower.

3Ioiising hook, self. C II Biggs.

31owing machine. .1 H Jones.

Mud and oil trai> "ater purifier. G F
Day and W Hunter.

Net frame, landing. G Kamp.

Nipple wrench. A Dudly.

Nut lock. J J Bentley.

Nut lock. H J Van N^st.

Gil can. CSl’iitun.

(jil or oils with another material, A'C., me-

chanically comiioiinding. J V N<'W«1I.

( (range sorting mai hine. EN Manll.
((remaster. ((\\ Davis, Jr.

Packing for rock drill pistons. II 31 (’»>-
boiai ,

Paper bags, inakim:. E E Clanssen.

1‘atern tracinii’ and cniting imu liine. CE

1.

l‘en fender. B FSrnitli.

Pencil sharpem-r ami eraser, combinetl. 11
Fisher.

I’liotogiaphy, reiirodncing objects in ndief
or intaglio by the aid of. 31 Uusso.
I’iaiioforte action. T (daliill.

Piano stringing machine. F W Hedgelaml.
Piitnre hanging device. II Iledmond
Ihns, holts and rivets, tool for making. P
J Conroy.

Pipe Coupling. A Bryant.

Pipe wrench, chain. N B Streeter and C P
Mosher.

Pistol, magazine. P Blai honand K 3Iiiiar<l.
Placer machine, drv. T L Walmslev and II
H Wright.

Trailing machine, adjustalde liearing for
upl'er feed mils of. J B Tliomas.

Planter, coin. B F Darby.

Planter, hami. J Cliad\\eli.

Plow, wlieeled. J H .fones
Pneurnatie tired vlieel. 3\' Turner.
Piieninatie transmitter or store servii'e. 0
( ) Vale and .1 1 1 .\m<‘S.
pocket hook lioMer. ]■' Hol/hauer.

Pocket book.s, iVc., corner or Irame f r. L B
I’rahar.

Polixliiiig or hnlling wheel. T .1 (.'loary.
I’ro|ieller. ( ) B Genty.

Pulping ainl grinding inaeliino. G llibhert.
Pulverizer ami planter, combined. 10
Sliowell.

Pump, liydraulie air. E H Weatlieiliead.
Pump motor, electric. .1 F Blak<*,

Pump rods, grip for polished. 31 Turtoii.
Bailway, cahle. (J W Hunt.

Bailway cliair. A F Naylor.

Bailway dang«‘r signal, py rote< hnic. F A
Fox and A P Yates.

Bailway fog signal afijiatatns. J (J Dixon.
Bailwav rail eliairs, making. .V J 3Ioxham.
Bail way rail Joint. 31 Hail ami W H Baker.
Jtail way siifety .system. 3V 11 Elkins.
Bailway >ignal, electric 2, 0 Sehlen and H

3’ Bii<'y.

Bailway track structure. J 11 Wliitc.
Bailway train gati*. J Waylaiul.

Bailway trolley, conduit. 3V Lawrenee.
Bailway turntable, electric. B 31 Hunter.
Bakes and loaders witli wagons, device for
connecting hay. 31 Mann.

Befrigerator, L B 3IcClanathan.
Befn'gerator car. C S 31iller and J E J(a
Bi lis.

Bevolnble screen. D E Pliillips
Bevolver lock njechaiji>m. D B Wesson.
Koek <lrill. J 11 Smith.

Kotary engine. A B Beiin.

Sad iron. 31 'I’nibe.

Sash fastener. F Burnieister.

Saw, drag. J Geselius.

Si alpel. J \\’ Jones.

Scarf jiin. C (’ Paitri'lge.

Scrajier, roatl 2. 31 (T Bniim ll.

Screw tlriver. J J Edwards.

Sear, safety, G A Home.

S<-maphuri‘. J W Davis
Si'wiiig machine. J Beece.

Sewing machine shuttle actual ing mochan-
i.-^m. H Mooi'n

Sliade brack, r, \viu<low. T 11 Klein ami H
(' French.

Shaft support, vehicle. J J Barker.

Shaping fieecy iiiassi's, machine for. E
Goldman.

Shingle marker. C Giiyer.

Slioe. inside. J II Fi.)ss.

Shoe>tring fastener. S E Blake.

Shutter bow er. H Zimmerman.

Smelting ami refining appal atus, copper.

(’ Bull.

Smooking cloth, clas]i for. F S Pinkham.
Smoke coiisuni'-r. F S Sejuoha.

SuKtking ap[iaratus, rnouthpieci' ami .stem
for. W (JThien.

Soldering caps on cans, machine for. 31 J
Hawkins.

Soldering tool. J>(r(')rrand CE Th -mas.
Spinning frame tension devici*. B .\Tlieiton.
S[iool making machine, ,I F Wardle.
SiirinkleiN sprinkling head for street. 3V
II 3Iiller.

Stamps, laln'ls, .\:c., apparatus for affixing.
E (! Philliiis.

Stand, table, or analogous article. SH Tlogg-

Soll.

Stapling machine. E T (ireonfu-M.
Starching nuu liine. A Coiikling.

Stay, dress. F W Lyon.

Steam boiler. W Saur.

Steam boiler, radial tube. E T Keniieily.
StcTUii engine. J L Gonrley.

Steam engine. B FSparr.

Steam sepanitiir. CJ Mellin.

Stone or Cement coinjiosition, artilical. (' A
Sliaiik.

Stove and lamp, oil. JF I'lace
Stov<* for drying matrices. F Schreiner.
Stove, (_Ias. C S I’pton.

Stove heartli and ash box, comhined. E L
Fl< lod.

Stove, lamp. C S Upton.

Stove, oil, J F Place.

Stove, oil Cook. C H Bocek.

Stove, vaiior lieating. B S Koll.

Surgical chair, adjustable. T .1 Shackel-
foi'il ami J F 31 iltoiilx'rger.

Suspender east ofl. C Bloomberg.

Switch. H P Ball.

Switchboanls, testing system for mnltiple.
( ' E Scribner,

Table for dlaft^men, lice. J W Bramwell.
Tables, blinds, desks, iVrc., fiexiMe cover for.
C S Homer.

Tag, marking. S Daiicyger.

Talking Inaril. M S< hinnaii,

Teli |»lion<\ magneto. K B •ardmaii.

Ti lejiliiiije >pea king attaehiueiit. \\' Wb liiUL

Tlira^liing iiiaeliine eoiji-ave and fei-il l-oaid,
I > 3\’ Bro.al' li .

'rinniiig mai'liiije. .1 fl iiNi hinann.

'file, pneurnatie. B I lofimaii.

'I’iro. jmeunialie. ,1 II Pd le- ami A .1 luek-
Soll.

To), ac. o, <•(,<»] ing chauiiel Ibr oi ileriiig. S 1*
iMayo.

d’obaeeo pipe. (( 31 Joiiassou.

Tongue sw iti'li . .3.1 3Io\liam.

Traim|)lanter. D DaiM I II Bernis.

Trolley w ire snpi'ort. B .1 .foue.-^.

Trolling -)Mir,n. .1 B Harlow.

Trunk. E r.yfonl.

Typ<‘. d. -vice for removing lea<ls fniiu. W
\\'earherby.

Tyjie writing machine, (i B We),)..

Uniiycle. B lb-n<lricii.

3 amps to upjM is, niaelilne f-<r pasting. II
Fis.-lier.

3’eliic!e spring and a.xle attaehment, 3V
Bi'ckerl.

3'e.s<el, senwv proiielle,]. C (1 Liimlb .rg.

3’oting macliine. J M' Tammany.

3Vagon. iliimpiiig, W S i'hillips.

3Vasli boiler. 1> .1 II Davis.

3\ ishing macliine. E G Brewer.

3Vati h Jewels, mechanism for loailing. G E
Hunter.

3Vat<li. xti'in wimling and setting. D 11
('liur'h.

3VaT(lics, j.late for stem winding. 3V 3V
Hastings.

3\ ater i losct llu.shing tardi. II 33'Kirchm‘r
ami V\ A Spears.

3Vealher hoanl gage. T E 3Vint.

3\ eather hoard gage ami ailjustcr. S H .\b-
sbier ami G F Eacke.

3Vlieel guard, liaml. .1 W ('amen.ii.

Whistle, steam chime H B Erishie.

3\inding (“otton wel', ^'c., macliine foi', E
( e 'Idinan.

3\ iinlow, <l.4or, or tlie like, Hoj j/nutally
sliding C Summermanu.

3\ ire maciiiiMg liarb. S Swanhum.

3\ ire tw i>ting machine. B Sedgwiclc.

3\'ood, vulcanizing. G Howard.

Wood, vulcanizing ami di ving. G IJowanl.

3Vrencli. T E Ghatten.

3\ reiii.ii. II Krebs.

3\ reuch, Jv A Klose.

Zither, guitar, f 3Ienzeiilianor.

PATENTS GRANTED JUNE 5, 'Qt.

A< id by means of hi‘ate<l gases, appai atus ftir
Concentrating sulfuric. J L Kessler.
Advertising apparatus. A Berliner.
Amalgamating machine, gold. I’ E (.'JaiTroii.
,\malgamator (J D' lage.

.\mmi‘ter. E B Know les.

\nimal tiap. C J Boberbs and J 3\' (.(won.
Annunciator. T J Tliomitsuii.

Annunciator, electrical. F 3V Ross.
Ai'paratus for siipporti iig child ren. J Kraut.
Armature for dynamo eh-ctric machine^. H
F T Erben.

Autographic register. II C Biette,

Axle box, T (.’ \'an Wyck.

Axle, sulky plow. 3\ li 3rorris,

Bails, niaebinofor furniing w ire. 11 S Bey-
noMs.

Bailing prt'ss. A E .\ndeison.

Itailing jiiess. il B .b rnigan.

Band cutter. 3V .) Hopper.

Barrel head. 3V G Blundell.

Basket, fruit. G 3'au D»*r Zee.

B'-d, folding. J P Ilayes.

Bell, non wimling dotir, 3V ,3 Barne.s.
Bicycle. I! D King,

Ihcycle. < ' li May lie.

Bicycle, a'piatic. J E Bunk.

J Bicycle attachment, 31 1) Blood.

Billianl <-oiinter. 3V S J lannaford.

Boat. (,' G I leinihaugh.

Boiler in vertical sections, J J Hogan.
Boib/r steam dome. JJ Hogan.

Bolt clippers. H K Porter.

Bolt head ami nut finishing machine. ( t ]c
Boherts.

Book or paper lianger. S F 3Iilliron.
Bottles. Ac., antifilliiig device for. E S Beed
and A J Stoo[is.

Bottles, Jars, Ac., device forclosing. .3 LaH< h.
Box I'h.icking machine. .1 llaiidele.
Braiding machine. .1 Drnek.

Brake .shma ft T Sclioeii.

Brick, tiles, 3c.. making en:\niele<l. .3 31
Sti usholm.

Broom liea'ls, means for attaching handle^
to. S Gremi,

Bru.sli, horse. H L Barney.

Buckle, suspender. J) L Durand,

Burglar alarm. N Hamlet.

Butler <‘\traclpr, centrifii.gal. A Ponten.
Biitt'-r nioM. E W' Eggeling.
hntton, J 3' I'ilcher.

Button. ( ' Badclitle.

Buitoii drilling macliiii' . G Garlylc.

Button macliine. (i ('ailyle.

Button i>arts, nD-cliaiiism for assembling. T
G Platt.

Camera. T 31 ( 'lark.

Gan fur paint, putty, lanl, A'C. 31 3Iar-
zyn.sk i.

( 'ar brak<‘. C 3\’ I’arler.

Car brake. J 3layer.

Car chair, reversible. P I>iltle.

(.’ar Coupling. (1 W Barthd-l.

< 'ar cunplin.g. 1( Boyer.

( 'ar conpji Mg. E D Broiim'r.

Car coupling. Ker.

Car cunplin.g. (.'A T<nver.

Gar femb r, railway. .1 E 3IcBriile.

('ar. tVeiglif, J .1 McCliimnit aiel P 3Iai ron.
Gar roof. G 31 Jennings.

Cur seat, P Little.

Cars, lumberjack for railway. C 1> Clarke.

Ca.-^li I'egi'ter iij<l iiidicalor. W l, ii)_.

( idliilo*.-, j.la'tic ?n|8.inid ..I. < 1 ('

i ; J B'-\ an anil ( ' Ib-adle.

( 'bain, dri vi , .1 .\ ppl.-li\ .

Glialkiiig cevici-, hue. .n R 3Iill.'i.

( Imekreio ^uppoi t. .1 i '.iri.-r.

Oberiw -.toiler, .1 \\ Rro\\M../r.

Gliuek, engraver'-. If (him. I
Gbm U. i-ngi.iver'.., 1 .>liiik.

( liille, coal, .1 •iciilly.

( igar liiihcliing nia< him-. F .1 ll.ij-eij.

( igar pa< l<age. s Philip-.. -n.

Gigaretl.- wrappr-r ImM.-r .J R IIei„;md. z.

( h-at. .1 G S|e<.li,|;(l,.

' b'ck ca8.-. i: P Bair.l.

Clo< K', elc( ti i<- alarm. .1 .< 3\'liiteb<Md.

('lod criidier ami pulv.Ti/.- r. I! .1
ami N 31 Xeil-eii.

Cloth cutting machine. N Ruben-t.-iu

( ‘lotlu-s pill. T .1 (h.i-iioii.

Glutcli. 31 Gampladl.

( 'liiti li. 1' .1 I'hoi p.

Coin contiolleil mecb.uii-m H .\ 31aid<-v.
Collar and ciitVi aM.. 1 raveb-r’s coinbiie-d. I.

I > 1 (o/ier. ( Reis-;u,.).

Collar or ciiff. R yi Uuiib-r.

Goilars. d.-\ ire f,,r -liaping folds llnmi. \
C Vail.

( 'oncentrator. A fl Ra]*)..

( 'ooler. \\ Einter.

Coriislalk sliockiiig im-clianism. .1 Wfmle.
(.’otfoii chopjier. (f \\ .Mnn-.ay.

(.’on..H o|)eiier ami stopping me'cliani^m tbme-
lor. \\ RiehunBoii ami .1 FMIer.

Curling iron 2. G E Snvder.

Cnrieii} motor, altmiiafing. o ((fiVeli.
Current motor, rnuitifiliase. I. B-di.

('urn-nt motors. uDhiioii (,f ami me.ins f.r
starting ulti-rnating. L Bell
( 'lirreiii--. economizing Die eiiergv of alter-
mitiii.g. (' F .‘^c.itt.

Gu'pidor, invaliiPs. .1 Ib-.-s.

I)c. Mrti( ;itii]g niiliic, *c.. Tiiacliiiie for. r A
F;ivier.

Dental i-liair 2. A W Browne.

Dental engine, ft G .•staiibroiigh.

Dental '•ngiiic'.s. «dectric motor for. W A
( ’row'lns.

Direct acDng engine. P ( 'liouteaii.

Disli eleaii'T. (' Palmleaf.

Display liox. N Scliroder.

Displaying cliain-*. tray for. 3V ^tiefelhafcn.
T(oor fimteiier. G F 3i< C-nibs.
l)ougli <*utting imn-hina. E Dewerth.

Dry kiln for pottery. .1 (J Titus.

Dust pan. .1 Reiiiker.

Dye, snbstantiv.- blue. If A P.ernthsen ami
P Julius.

Dye. subistantive vii.let. IT A Beriithseii ami
P .Iiilius.

Ear protector. C Jung.

Eaves trough. T C Keller.

Electric circuit ivgii ator. H F 3Vait.-.
Electrii' < ircnits, staml for controlling. E
R Know les ami E H Park.

Electric elevator. 3\' D Lutz.

I-dectric machine, dynamo. .3 B Herrick.
Electric in icliimcs, .'y.vtem of ciicnit coutnd
for. ( ' E Da\ is.

PJectric niaclii’D-ry. ilynam c C Si-IIers.
Electric meter. \3’ P> R<‘ed.

Klectrii- meter. E 'I’homson.

Electric motor. .3 ilinman.

Electric motor contr<'llcr. 3V .1 Hopkins
ami r .Stebbins.

Elect ri<' power stations, mi-ansfor preventing
an-iiig in. E Tb<imson
Elcctiic reciprocating motor. E Thomson.
Electric subway. .1 .1 E Pliilips.

IJ' i tric swir< h box. li R Kiiowb-s.

Electric wire coniiei tion. J V J*eMott.
Elcclriial ilistributioii l>y alternating cur-
rents, system of. G E Scott.

FJeitrical ilistribiitioij, sy.stem of. B G
I. ammo.

Electrotype blorlv. 3\‘ T Barnnin.

Kle\ator. R 3\' Hare.

Elevator <loor operating device. II Bown-
tre<‘.

Elevatoi safidy device. G E Dow.

Jhiil gati^ rods, ilie fop making wagon. T
\\ SmiDi and J ( I Price.

Excav.ating machim*. B Dalton.

Explosive and making same. 3V Evelyn
liiardet.

Fan, ventilating. IT Hobbs.

Fare n^gistcr. !•' (■ Boyd ami C E Gnrding.
Faucet, can. (J W Banker.

Fence post. C (fro-; and J F Thomas.

Ihu tili/cr distributer. G W Aliirrav.

Fish trap. W Seaton.

Flagstaff coupling. II 3Vctt.stein and G Rod-
maim.

Fruit carrier. T S Fitch.

Frying frame, culinary. C (ii Folaml.
Fiirnactg self feeding smokeless, (i Gulick-
son.

Fuse box. .3 Kkstrom.

Fuse, safety preenssion. II ("' Sedilou,

Ga> lighting ainl ext ingui-ihiiig apparatus.

automatic. N 11 and A B Sliaw.

(iear, elastic. (’ Eieh.

(i«-ar tiiiisliing machine. J L Knnz.

Gearing, mnitii'le. 3V H Hriglit.

Gin saw liling macliiiu*. R S Nlmiford.

Glass melting furnace. 31 Seilx-iling.

(Bass working api>aiatu.s. H 1) Bnruettand
S E D' 'ane.

Grain <lrill. A Carperit'T.

Guns, shifting mccliaiii.sm for cocking arm-
of lucakdown. E ,V 1 lollenbeck.

Gnus, tiiggei lor donbb* barreleil. W Fb-ni-

i"g-

Ilair crimping iron R Nicol, Jr.

Harp. .3 J (.fery anil R Dolge.

Harvester, corn. \ 31 Tenney and G 3V
Harrison .

Harvesting macliine, corn. C K Connor.
Ilatcliway, aiitomalic. .1 31 Elder.

Hay stacker. II E Short.

Heat regulator. .1 F 3b Elroy.

Heating apjiaratiis. EE .3sliley.

Heating apparatus, electiic. G D Burton.

146

THE INVENTIVE AGE

Heating apparatus steam. E Watts.

Heating system for cars. etc. .1 \V Bcacli.
Heel breast finisher. X Churchill an<i W C
Baxter.

Hoisting anil conveying apparatus. T S
liliiler.

Hose coupling. J M Cox.

Hub, antifriction wheel. E F Moore.
Hydrocarbon nintor. E I Nichols.

Ice cream freezer .1 B Butler.

Ingot charging apparatus. T R, Sr. and W
II ^Morgan.

Ingot mold. J Illingworlli.

Insulator, feed wire. (' .\ Lieb.

Insulator, section. H B Nichols and F 11
Lincoln.

Key instruments, .sound recording and re-
lirodiicing attachment for. C W Nystrorn
Knitting machine. I- N I) Williams.
Knitting machine. W 11 Zeller.

Knitting maehines, self acting f!l^hioning
ileviee for circular. E C Breaithwaite aial
.1 W Hepworth.

Lamp, electric arc. L E Howard.

Lamp, electric arc. L B Marks and (' Ran-
som.

Lamji, incandescent. 1> C Voss.

Lamp or lantern. L W Schefers.

Ijamp supports, expansihle ring hu*. L .T
Atwood.

Lath, gate. C Rohrhach.

I^atches, adjustable stop fi>r taper turning.
.1 Flather.

Leather skiving machine. J Barker,
ijeather skiving nmehine. J R S<-ott,
heather stripping macliine. .1 Ryan.
Ledger plate. B (’ Shipley.

Length indicator for fabrics. .T W Woods
and H I Barm-tt.

Lever controlling ilevice. A H .lohnson.
Xjightning arrester. J W (liiibnuey.

Liquid separator, centrifugal, J> J Havis.
Locks, electroprutective system for. 31 Mar-
tin.

Locomotive, electric. W H Knight.
Locomotive engine. C A Ball.

31ateh making machine. H A and W B La
('hicotte.

Match, safety. W Barnhurst.

Mechaiiical movement. R 3Iiehle.

3Ietal coiling apiiaiatus. .1 Stephenson, .Ti.
and (J J Ji.)hnson.

3Iilling and fulling maehine. B I’reston.
3Iovement, reversible traversing. L Koss,
Musical instrument keyboard. E A Fdgien.
Nunihering machine li. J H K'dnhardt.
Numbering macliine 2. E Sanders.
Numbering machine. F W Wiclit.

Nut, bolt. 31 Redlinger and C 31organ.

Uil huiner. J 31 Merritt.

Oil can. C W Hart.

Oil can. W C Winfudd.

Organ combination stoj) action, pijte. R W
Jackson.

Organ, pipe. R W Jackson.

Overshoe retainer. F T ( Juiher.

Backing and gland, metallic piston rod. C
11 Ensign.

Backing or holding case, J Crocker.

Baddle wheel meclianism foi' proiielling
boats. J < ' Thomas.

Bajierbags, making. E E Claussen.

Bajier boxes, making. A C Lutz,
i’aper folding machine. A JTadley.

Baper machines, wire gauze for. B Tour-
asse.

Baper roll tension device. W Black.

Bencil sharpener, grinder, protector and
eraser, comhiiiatioii. K B (Jiamhers.
Bemlulum escai»enient. C E Buckhee.
Bhotograiihic caiiieia shutter, A O Tisdell.
Bhotograjihs, method of and lens for making.

U Vaniler Weyde.

Biuno action. J Herrhurger.

Bicture exhibitor. .1 E Eklund.

Bipe coupilng. W 3Iai tin.

Bipe joint. N W Condict.

Bipc lengths, fitting fur connecting. 0 W
Harrington.

Bipe or nut wrencli. C Van He Water.

Bipes, machine for forming coiTugat»'d el-
bow. W (' Winfield and J F 3Ii Nntt.
Blacket fastener for garment skirts. J
Adrianson.

Blaiiter ‘J. G W 3IuiTay.

Blunter and fertilizer distributer, combined
cotton seed. G W 3Iuri'ay.

Blanter, clieck rowcorn. J W Barker.
I’ianter, combined cotton and corn. G Wit-
tich.

Bluster, wall. A Hobbs.

Blastic material for replacing wood, metal,
stone, Ac. L B Hemnier.

Blow. C Marsh,

Blow and suhsoiler, undercut. H B 3Iartiii.
Blow attachment. O T Jensen.

Blow or cultivator. H Forman.

Blow, wheel. J W Swickard.

Btistal card, return. J G Wallace.

Botato digger. A 8methm>t.

Botato digger. N Sturdy.

Bower transmitting mechanism. 1) C Era-
zeur.

Breserving articles or structures. E 31 Cafi-
all.

Brinting attachment, hicyeh-. E Ib dmond
Bropelling meclianism for canal iMuits. H
W Hildebrand.

Biilleys, compound for covering belt. AL
and W J Huston.

Jhilleys, shafts, Ac., slip collar for. C 3V
Shartle.

Bulp engine roll bar. J H Horne.
Pulverizing mill roll. E C Griffin,

Ihmch. W Hill.

Bunching machine, eyelet hole. H Wright.
1‘yrometer. E Brown.

Radiator, lieat. G I Dangler and H Uuii-
pel

Rail cambering apjiaratiis. H i' Uyding.
Rail or bar liender. 31 II Brown.

Railway IVog, II O'Shea.

Railway overhead switch, electric. 31 A
Smith and W (’lal>augli.

Railway rail chair. iTO’Shea.

Railway rail or tii- distributer. C € Gates.
Railway signals, pneumatic system of and
apparatus for handling. J W Tiiomas, Jr.
Railway switch. H B Buttel.

Railway switclies, pneumatic system of and
apparatus for handling. J W Thomas, Jr.

Railway system, conduit electric. J B
Brand.

Railway track structure. E Samuel.
Railways, closed conduit for electric. P
Blodeck, Sr.

Railways, couverti-r system for electric. G
Westinghouse, Jr., and C F Scott.

Razor strops, machine for grooving. F R.,
and o Kampfe.

Reaper. G W 3Inrray.

Receptacle for small articles. T H Ingram.
Record, multiple. K Feiin.

Reel and sprinkler, combination. W L Van
Horn.

R'-frigerating machine. J Levcv, 'P H
Butler and G \ MaeDouaM.

Rolling mill edging guide. T 3Iun'ison.
Seale beam. S .1 .\nstin.

Scarf j»in safety devi<-e. 31 Crtdin.

Seal, 4. E .1 Brooks.

Sewi ng apparatus, carpet streteher for car-
pet. E Ames.

Sewing carpet comers, apparatus for. F
Ame.-5.

Sewing machine, hemstitch. <’ 31 Aher-
iTomhie.

Sewing machine shuttles, thread coj) for II
A Bati-s.

Sewing machine tack imlliiig attaeliment.

A B Fowler and G E WaiTeii,

Sewing machine tension devici*. H W
Baker.

Shade roller. 31 E Reilly.

Shells for dynamite, apparatus for aiitomat-
leally manufacturing. H B Hall.

Sliiiigle gage. li Hann.

Showstand. L .) Haagen.

Sieve, grain cleaning and sej)arating. C
Closz.

Sifter, ash. ( ' Kasper.

Signal light fixture. W Carter, J W Daw-
sou, and .1 31eyrielv, .Ir.

Smoke arrester. W B Sliank
Snow or ice melting apparatus. (’ FSpring-
fels.

Snow plow. W Griiuow, Jr.

Sliced gearing. J H Pendleton.

Sfieed iiidicat>)r iieariug. W T Lintner.
Spinning ditfeient colored rovings into
thread or yarn, apparatus for. J Lnnii
Spinning machine sjiitidle. E J Feiidersoii.
S[)raying machitic. A Bryce,

Stam]) groove or rocess for shii'ping eases.
C F Goodwillio.

Stave Jointing machine. J Anthon.

Stay traveler. A K Evans.

Steam boiler. U .loy.

Steam boiler, 'P iMurphy.

Steam lioiler. F H Treat.

Steam engine. R B> Havis.

Steam generator. (.' W Yaiiderhurgli.

Steam separator for boiler tubes. J J Ho-
gan.

Stopper. 31 Ruhiti,

Stove or furnace. T Austin.

Stove, vapor. H Ruppei.

Sulky brake. L E Clawson and J A 3Ic
Kerroii.

Suspenders. tl E Adams.

Suspenders. J 31 Bohn.

Target a'nd indicator. 0 Schifienlocker.
'J'elephoiie receivers, ear pad lor. J W
Kiiiniluii gli.

Tenpin ball. C W Rodman.

Thill coupling. F Sehelp. Jr.

Time hall. 3V F Gardner.

Time check receiver. A J Henry.

Tire setting machine. JB \Ve>t.

Tiresliield, pneumatic, 2. S 31 Schindel.
Tire, wheel. ( > Seely.

'J'ranspl ntiug machine. A Willner.
Ti'icycle. A Leiningerand E Siireiner.
Trolley. E 31 Toiisley,

Trolley \\ire support L 3Ic('arthy.

Truck, electric motor. J C Henry.

Truck, stoVe. H 31 Butt.

Tub- AV Gwynn, Jr., and H Spencer.

Turn talile. J B Tinsley.

Type, method of and machine for justifying,
‘j L 31c3lillai!.

Tyjie writer case and table, eoml'ined. FC
‘Wood.

Type writing machines, ribbon reversing
mechanism for. F i’ Stiles.

Type writing machitjes, type (“leaning device
for. C A Joerisseu.

A'alve. F W Hess.

A'ulve. G Oliver.

Valve, automatic exhaust relief. (f de
Laval.

Valve, sluice. AV A Hohle.

A'ajior buriKU'. H Ituppel.

A’ehicle. J Johnston.

AThicle. H H Bi ice and R .1 Daniels.
N'ehicle luiiiiier attachment, wheeled. S <■
Schofield.

A'ehicle, two wheeled. .1 A John.son.
A^docipede wheel. E E Fay.

ATnding machine, coin actuated. F B
Cochran.

AAujtilating and furnace checking device.

J B AVatson aiidj R Hoiiglas.

A'entilation. house. J AlcCjeery.

A’oltmeier, 2 E R Knowles.

AVagoii brake. .1 .1 tcohs.

Wall finish eomponnd. RE Ibare.

AVa.shiiig maehine. J C., and \V’ Beiikema.
AVusliing machitic. H B Edgar.

AVutch how fastener. H H Almey.

AVater closets, automatic imll for. E D
Andruss.

AVater tube lioiler. J .1 Hogati.

AVater wheel governor, electrical. C S En-
glish.

AVheelharrow. 31 A' Garver.

AA’eeelliarrow tray. 31 A”^ Garver.

A\ liiffletree. J 11 Hobbs.

AVindlass, grain shovel. J H Finley.

AVire stripjier. J J Bettinger.

AVoinb liattery. J C Petit.

AAh'encli. A Bareis.

Wrench. A 3IeCaIlinn.

PATENTSGRANTED JUNE 12, 94.

Adding machine. J B Royal).

Advertising matcli box. JJ Ilarrison.
Ammoniti, process ot uiid apparatus for man-
ufacturiug uiiua. T Charlton and K 31
3Iitchell.

Animal trap. S L Loomis and A 31 Harris,

Axle box lid. N H Davis.

Axle box lid, car, 2. N H Davis.

Badge. B S AA'hitehead.

Bait bucket. 0 M Muneaster.

Baling piess feeil attachment. J S Tuttle.
Band cutter and feeder. E J A'raalstad.
Barrel, knockdown. G R Lund.

Barrel making machine. B Little.

Bearing, ball. 31 Wngan.

Bench pin, guide, and knife, combined car-
penter’s. J H Fredericks.

Bevel. J T Langiais.

Jhcycle. A II Bishop.

Binding and harvesting machines, sheaf
carrier for. .1 3IiUer.

Boating ballasting device. J B Bool.

Boiler feed, automatic. H J A\’eiss»‘r.

Boiler water alarm, steam. P A Klrchiu-r.
Boring hit. A A B 'urgeous.

B ix. 'r Drummond.

Box iimciiim*. < BSoiitliard.

Brace drill. E E Anthony.

Blake Icver. C A Anderson.

Brick iiui 'hine. H Stuckey.

Brick truck. D 31 AVaruer and (' I] Ham-
mond.

Brick.s, tiles, Ac., facing. A L B Van deu
Bergiten.

Broom head. J R Gilbert,

Buggy top support. T 31ac(Dashan.

Burglar alarm. LS Bulfington.

Burglar alarm. OR Hoopes.

Burner for the comhustioii of ^as or vapor
for heating purposes. 11 A and H A House,
Jr.

Button. J A' I'ilcher,

( andles, ajipM’atus for manufacturing hol-
low, L .1 B Fournier.

Car coujiling. H Deitz.

Car coupling. J D Gooley.

Car coupling. A La Bue.

Car coupling safety attachment. J A 3Iark-
ley.

Car door. B. T 3Iooney.

('ardoor. AV L Ransonle.

Car pilot ui' gu ird. R A Crawford.

Oar safety guard, street. SNoiton and AV
H Rice.

Car wheels, making. AV A IN'arsoii.

(kish register, 2. T tkirroll.

lush register and indicator. T Carroll,

Cash register, total adding. T Carroll.
('a-Nket lining. F S Biiikham.

Casket pedestal. E E Fisher.

Centering tool. F B Covel.

(.'burn. R E A'an Court.

Churn motor. F Elliott.

Clock winding mechanism, electric. A E
Vidal and G Hot vieii.

(dothes drier. E B Gildersleevi'.

Clover liuller feeder. 31 T Reev(‘s and J N
Kailor.

Coal cutting macliine. A Greenwood,
(’ohimu. N l‘oulson.

Composicion ot matter. J 3Iatthevvs.
ConijMisition of matter. AV' 31 Bopc.
Condenser. S AV Johnson.

Coop ami liawk trap, combined chicken. AV'
S Ii win.

Core attracting solenoid. AV U 3Iichl.

Cotton (‘levating apparatus, se(*d. F (lar
raiix.

Cr:ite, shipping, G A\’ AV'ordcii.

Cultivator. N AV Falor.

Cultivator. .1 Schauman.

Curtain .stretcher. R J Bartley.

Cut out, automatic electromagnetic. L T
Stanley.

I>ental chair, 2. A AV' Browin'.

Detaching hinck, G W 3Ioorc,

Disinfecting water closets, Ac., sanitary ar-
rangement for automatically. S A .lohnsoij.
Diving apparatus. J and G Day and J .Jen-
kins.

Doorcheck, pneumatic. J W King.
l)ooi hanger wheel. J A Trimble.

Drum snare device. E A Longee.

Duster. E Nation.

Ear jewels, attaeliment for holding. G II
Tilfordand A F Bennett
Eaves tioiigh hanger. F E Alliro.
Educational appliance. A Bcclnnaiin.
Electric battery. E Itiibero and I’ 3Iohr-
dieck.

Eleetrieal conductor bond. J Herr.
Electrical di.sti ibution, svst<‘m of. T J Fay.
Elevated carrier. G B Davis.

Elevator driving mechanism, electric. C E
Geiger.

Einliioidering macliine. R AV'eiss.

Engine. E.J VV'oolf.

Envelope. C 31 Carnahan.

Envelojie iiiarhiiie. L J and 31 J Church.
Eraser, blackboard. A J Creamer.
Evajiorating liijiiids in vacuo and apparatus
therefor, process of. M Eilli(*.

Explosive and making .same. 11 Kolf.

Feed water and gas supply regulator. HA
and H A House, ,lr.

F(‘ed waiter heater and purilier, F Di'dil.
V'cll.v, bicycle w head. A BSijiiires.

Felly whe(d. .1 T 3lo.sely.

Fence. G C Snyder.

Fence, wire. 3L Berdan.

Feiici', will'. S8 Vijung.

Ferrule. VV H Gaskill.

File, newspaper. J (Jruuinger.

Fire e.scape. F .J Fairchild.

Fire escape, C A Noack.

Floor cloths, machine for the inaiiufacturH
of solid Color, J S Farmer.

Flue cleaner, steam boiler. D VV’ Dart.

Fly trap. A Brltii-r.

Fuel, composition for artificial. J F
Furnaei'. T E Caddy.

Furnace door. C K Bickles.

Garment fastening. 31 3[oriui.

Garment supporter. F G Dayis.

Gas engine. S ]) Shepperd.

Gases, process of and apparatus for analyz-
ing. E A I 'elding.

Gear forging, making dies for. A T Dorter.
Gear w heels, process of ami apparatus for
making. A T Dorter.

Glass furnace breast wall. VV' 11 Barr.

Glue, process of and apparatus for making.
B C Hewitt.

Goyernor for lluids, pressure. AV' Iloll'man.
Gun, folding. A Burgess.

Guns, automatically operated breech me-
chanism for. J B G A Cauet.

Handle. B Dswald.

Harrow. N 0 Starks.

Harvester laindle carrier. J J Courtney'.
Hay press feeder. H Fette.

Hay rake, hor.se. 0 Richards,

Hay rak(‘, tedder, and loader, combined. J
H Riflings.

Heater. D .S Richardson.

Heating apparatu.s. E R Soh^au,

Heating apparatus, steam. 0 H Robinson.
Heating, illuminating, or culinary purposes,
appMance for. F E Browne.

Hinge, lock. AV’ T Bessonette.

Hook and eye. J F Schoeppl.

Ice cream freezer. VV' R Thatcher.

Index. J E Spears.

Infusions ami maintaining suiqdies of hot
water or litiuifl. apparatus used in mak-
ing. J (Jiiids and 0 J Jones.

Jalousies, band or cord self acti ng iiproller
on. S Stahl.

Knitting machine. L E Salisbury.

Knitting machine cam. G II Gilliert.
Knitting machine, circular. E AV Gourd.
Knitting maehine stop motion. E Titlany.
Knitting machines, fashioning device for
circular. .1 B Baxtou ami E I O’Neill.
Knitting machines, quarter saver for fiat rib.

E Tifiaiiy ami G E I*aiker.

Knitting maehines, stop motion forstraight.
J'l Tiflany.

Kiiockflown box. B L Gale.

Knockdown cliair. A K V'an Norman.

Ladfler. F B 3[idlory.

Lamp. AV' A f’hillips.

Lamp, automatic electric signal. .J R
Farme r.

Laiiiji, iluplex electric are. G F Edens and
•J B Brewer.

Lamp sockid, incandescent. L R Beck.
Laniiis witli oil, apiiaratus for automatically
filling. L S Ef'wis.

Lantern holder for wagons, Ac. G J Beeh-
ler.

Laiitein, signal. P Gray.

Lanterns, electric arc light for magic. 0
Beseler.

La.st. S Apjileton.

Lathing, metallic. G Hayes.

Leg, artificial. J McGuire.

Limekiln. .) (I'Connell and G Sniffin.

Lock. AV W Davi.-:.

Loconifitiv^ attachment. F J Smith.
Locomotive engine, cuiiipound. (.- A. Ball.
Locomotive shifting link motion. W B
War ren.

Loom warp stop motion, o Smith.

Bleasin iiig and recording electric eurrents,
apifaratiis for. AV Thomson.

31eeliaiiieal movement. R Sterling
31etals, making fi.^sinates of. F Ihrsehl.
31oist('ner for stamps, envelopes, etc. J G
AVillits.

3Ioi) wringer. E TI Noble ami J AV' W'ar'l.
31u^ic box flamping device. H Langfehier.
3lu-«ieal instrument, sti iiigt'd. C LG Bech.
31ii.-'ical instruments, flevice for tightening
strings fif. G Heredia.

Nails, machine ftir preparing and finishing.
.1 M Langhliii.

Nut finishing machine. G Dunham.

Nut wrench lubricator, eoml'ined. J S
Scarlmrougli.

Oil and water separator. E .Austin.

Oiling hearings, mechanism for. L> Gessner.
Baper boxes, machine for covering. E 11
Taylor.

Biivemeiit, I'fiad. (f R Bowen.

Bencil sharpener. J L Hall.

Bicture haiigf'r. B H Lynch.

Bile slifie. A Harris.

Biiie hetuling machine. J (J Urr,

Pipe coupling, coinhination soft and hard
nietal S M Friede.

Pipe flif's, screw dummy for sewer. A F
Foster.

Bipe hanger. It Boyd.

Pipe wrencli. AV' King.

Planer feed roll. J J) Sigler.

Plume fastener for helmets. L A Hayes.
Printing machine, ticket. AV B Gray ami
D F Bowen.

Brinting I'less couTiting attaeliment. II La
Fountain .

Printing jaess, rotary. J B Luhn.
Bropelling mechanism, h^>at. (' B Dieco.
Pulley, clutch. II Bunker.

Pulley, friction clutch. T E Kirkhride and
0 E Ourani.

Pulley turning machine. A AVtiod.
l*ulp engine. L A Tlnuuas.

Pulp screen. E 31 Hall ami F Bearse.

Bump regulator, hydraulic steam. T J
Davis.

Bump, vacuum. E I) Chaplin.

Bunch for checks or fither papers, figure. J
B Backus.

Railway carriages, ventilating. S Hughes.
Railway cross tie. F B Feiierhacher.
Railways, conduit supply system for electric.
H Alf'xamh'i-.

Rams, machine for maiiitainiiig air pres-
sure in chambers of hydraulic. II Ing-
ham.

Ra>i) making machine. J H Stokes.

Reel. 31 E' Knight.

Reel. ( • 0 Bartridgf*.

Rubber article, liollow. E L Porry.

Sash fasteiK'r. G C Gardner.

Saw, D Hazard.

Saw iiig machine. J Jilek.

Scale. S S Crompton.

Screwcutting machine. 31 D Luehrs.

Seal. E L Tor.sch.

Sejiarator anfl grader. I) .1 Davidson.

Sewing machine. C A Dahl.

Sewing machine, J Holroyfl. 0 B Hunt,
ami R. J Joli ns.

Sewing machine. C F Littlejohn.

Sewing machine. R \V' Thomson.

Sliades, Ac., device for adjusting window.
B Goldmann.

Shades, fixture for vertically adjusting wiii-
dfiwu N Bosmann.

Sliaft setting device. H B Campbell.

Sifter, cinder. A J Henderson.

Sink. B F Ford.

Skate. L AV' Kenney.

Skates, selfacting brake for roller. J Rie-
del.

Snap hook. J Pickett.

Spoke tenoning machine. J 0 Lade.

Spool and support thereof. A Kreidler.
Spring jack cleaner. 31 Seter.

Stapling machine. VV’ S Hamm.

Stamping device, hand. H S Ingersoll.
Station imlicator. A Baker.

Steam boiler. J A Caldwell.

Steam boiler, tubnlous. H A and H A
House, Jr.

Steam generator. D Birdsall.

Stone, artificial. L Grote.

Stone screen. J S Donovan.

Store service apparatus. J S Gooduo'v.
Stove, cooking. R H Hayes.

Stnrnj) extractor. AV R Wilkinson.

Stump puller or load lifter. 31 Allmon.
Supporter. DL Smith.

Suspensory. A H Barker.

Swing. AV E Crandall and 31 Smith.

Switch hoard, Busy test for multiple. J A
AV'ottoii.

'Banks, automatic shut oft' for roof. C F De
A rden.

Telegraph, printing. 0 L Kleber.

Telegraph system, police signal. C A Rolfe.
Telephone call recorder. AV' F Smith.
Telephone, electric. AV L Richhards.
Telejihfine, magneto. A Stromherg and A
Carlson.

Telephone switch. J B Smith.

Telephom* transmitter. J B Smith.

'Besting machine. L Schopper.

Thermo electric battery. E AV Jungner.
Thermometer. A A Keene.

Thread cutter tfiol holder. C R Rebuke.
Tire, bicycD. R B Scott.

Tire, pheumatic, A J Burns.

Tobacco pipe. AV' Demuth
Tobaccf) pipe. N 3Iacphail.

Tobacco pipe howls, cover for. T. 3[orton.
Tchacco tying machine. R Tell.

To]'. J U Barr. Jr.

Toy holder. F I> Arthnr.

Tiack circuit. L F Johnson.

Trfdley. Hand J B Scheele and H A Rust.
Trolley, contact. R AV' Haw'kesworth,
'Brtdiey wire finder. T E Gressle.

Truck, car. E Clitf.

Trunk strap fastener. AV J AV'ebb.

'Bubuhir boiler. J J Brown.

'Buhiihir holler. J P Serve.

Type levelingand aligning device. LPDiss.
Type writing machine, ribbon reversing
medianism for. C E Johnson.

I'lnluella, self opening. II AV' Schoft', B
Finkle, and F E Prohert,
lunhrellus, ffcc., ftexible support for. AV' J
Yapp.

Umlerwaist. C R DeBevoise.

T'jdiolstery pendant or ornament. G F
Hcnsel.

A'alve, ball cock, AV' A Turner.

Valve, engineer's. AV A Thacher.

Vehicle brake. C Sample.

Vegetable cutter. D 31 AVright.

AVatchcase. J Durrstein.

AA'ater elevator, steam vacuum, B Sattelkau
and H R AV'iokelmann.

AVater elevators, storage r€*servou- for steam
vacuum. B Sattelkau an<l H R AViukel-
maiiii.

AV'ater heater. J S Heaton.

AVater wheel. C A Chase.

AVater wheel, turbine. J 31 Barker.
AVeigliing, electric apparatus for automatic.
0 E Buzby.

AVell digger. A Odewahn and F Reichart.
AV'hist box, dulplicate. A II Woodw’urd.
AVindow. 0 Ajello.

AV'oodworking machine. C Seymour.

AV'oodw (liking machinery, anti vibratory
pressure bar for. A Breino.

AV rem h. AV' C Barr.

AV'rcnch and pipe and thread cutter, com-
bined. R Haberthiir.

AV'rench for pipe.'=, rods, Ac. C Hall.

AVritirig machine. AV' B VV'ait.

PATENTS GRANTED JUNE 19 ’94.

Air and steam engine and generator, mixed
H E Depp.

Album, photograph. G Koll.

Annunciator and spring-jack, combined. H
31 Fisk.

Arnuitiire for dynamo electric machine. E
AV’ Bice, Jr.

Axle lubricator. F P AV'hite.

Baling jiress dog or stop device, A Schulze.
Bi'ani flaming machine. R H Ireland.

Beil bottom, sjirlng. I> Leonard.

Bed.stead, cabinet or wardrobe. F VV Nye.
Beit, electric. E 31 3Iiles.

Billets, ingots, &c., apparatus fur handling.

11 Oliver and E Scott.

Boiler. A Jaeger.

Boiler. J II Reader.

Boiler feeders, automatfe controlling device
for. J Desmond.

Boiler furnace, steam. O D Orvis.

Book, check. R VV Morgan,

Book cover. II K Grehle.

Book l•(^st for hotel register. 0 A Thompson
O G Emshiveller.

Bottle. C Clark.

Bottle cajiping apparatus. N B Abbott and
1 1 Bail.

Bottle, nursing. AV 31 Docker.

Bottli* sealing ami stopper retaining device.
N B Ahliott.

Bottle stojiper. J 0 Grout.

Bottle stopper. G L 3Iathews.

Brick or terra cotta house. G K Hagerman.
Bricks, maniifacture of. C B Coxe.

Brooch pin safety attachment. A F Bock.
Brush machine. H Besson.

Burial case. J F ILjbson.

Caliinet, housekeeping. B S AVilkins.

Can opener. 31 Dallas.

Cans, Frame for carrying. P Scholten.
Cardie shade holder. K AV' 3Iorgan.

Car cou[)ling. E L Boiler.

Car coupling. VV’ Brooking.

Car conjiling. AV’ C Nelson.

Car coupling. A Root.

Car fender. J Tobin.

Car fender, safety. F H Reich.

Car fender, tram. S J Rosenfeld.

Car motor, electric railway. J C Henry,

THB INVENXIVK AQE

147

Car or locomotive fen'ier. J B Krause ami
R H Crosby.

Car safety appliance, stieet lailway. U R
Routli.

Car ventilating device. C 11 Ilntcliins.

Car wiieel. L J Hirt.

Carpel fastener P Ceovicli.

Cash register. J P Cleal.

Cash register. C G Smyth.

Cash register. R P Ti'onipson.

Casting sand molds. S .1 Adams.

Ceiling, metallic. K Armstrong.

Center board, adjustably weighted. F W
Brew’ster.

Chart, geocentric astronomical. A H Moles-
w'orth.

Cheese holder. LC Hiller an<i W K Mackay.
Cheese or orange holder. L (’ Hiller.

Chlorin gas, process of ami apparatus for
absorbing. P J Worsley, W Windus, and
B Bracey.

Cluite. ash. L Bufird ami J Blackman,
(’igarette making machine. .1 R ^Villiams.
Clamp. \V Kline.

Clutch, adjustable friction. G H Smith.
Coflee substitutes, making. R Ruhr.

Coin displayer. J P Cleal.

Condenser, surface. S W Johnson.

Cojiy liclder. J E Bucklin.

Cotton handling ui)paratns, governor for
seed. A Schulze.

Cotton press. W L Bessonette. (Reissue).
Cover for butter'receptacles, &v. H C Carter.
Crate, folding. A \V Coats.

Creamer, centrifugal. J Melotte and W
Reuther.

Cultivator, lister. S D Poole.

Cultivator shovels, device for attaching. S
£' Poole.

Cultivator, wheel. S D Poole.

Current regulator, alternating. 0 Oftrell.
Cycle canopy and sujiport. W T Jordan.
Damper. E Webster.

Door and hinge. W Vaughan, Jr.

Door check, pneumatic. J W Wetmore.
Dredger. L W Bates.

Dust collector. E R Draver.

Eaves trough hanger. H A Berger.

Electric meter. E Thumscm.

Electric power, meter for recording measure-
ments of. E Thomsoji.

Elevator safety attachment. F W Jaudell.
Engine cut off", steam. W Jackaway.

Engine expansion gear. 1\I H Robinson.
Engine expansion gear. 31 H P R Sankey.
Engine starting apparatus, gas. J W Ray-
mond.

Envelope. 31 J Cramer,

Evoporating apparatus, liquid. W J 3Iirrlees
and D Balliugall.

Excavating apparatus, ditch. G B Christie,
J Lowe, and G L Lederle.

Excavator. G P Andertou.

Fabric, machine for making looped. E
31urby,

Faucet, oil can. G W Arper,

Feed water heater. B Eyuon.

Fence P H Christie.

Fence, portable worm. C B Wilcox.

Ferrule. W H Gaskill.

Filter. C Hafner.

Filter. E P Lynn.

Filter press. II Beeg.

Firearm hammer guard. 31 L Campbell.
Firearm, magazine. P Sheckler.

Fire escape. J Eckley and J C Strickland.
Fishing rod line guide. S T Davis.

Float. D 31 Ireland.

Floor dressing or polishing machine. W W
Murray and T ‘NV Cromer.

Foot or baud power. J A Wilkin.

Gage brace. JF Alley.

Game board or apparatus. II AV C Smitli,
Garment supporter. C J Wliite.

Gas generating apparatus. H F D Schwalin.
Gas goverjor. S H 3Ioore
Gas meter. F C Viuoy.

Gliiss melting furnace. E H Everett and A
Samuelson.

Governor, centrifugal high speed. E W
Spacke.i

Grain binder. D 3IcPhcrson.

Grinding machine. R I)utt<»n.

Grinding twist drills, device for. E F Hoff-
manu.

Halter. T B Burnett.

Harvester, com, W K Liggett,

Harvester elevator. A Stark.

Harvester frictional eluth. H C Stone.
Harvesting machine, corn 3. J A Stone.
Harvesting machine, corn. J B and G T
Tuckerman.

Hat pin retainer. C P Thomas.

Hay press feeder, automatic. AV II H John-
son.

Hearse. C Edwards.

Heel trimming machine. C II Trask.

High speed engine. J Dow.

Hinge, concealed. A A Oat, Sr.

Hinge, self closing concealed. A A Oat, Sr.
Horse detacher. B Blake.

Horseshoe. AV F Downey.

Horaeshoe calk sharpener. A B Smith.
Horseshoe pad. A L Grant.

Insole grooving machine. G A Cole and E
II Taylor.

Invalid chair. 0 L Smith-Fraser.

Ladle, pouring. S J .\ilams.

Lamp for bicycles, electric. G 3Iayr.

Lamp lighter. A H Todd,

Lantern or lamp extinguisher. C AV Cottrell.
Lathe. AV’’ F Barnes.

Lathe for relieving tai'S. AV A Robertson.
Latliing, metallic 2. G Hayes.

Leather cutting machine. P Goldstein.
Lighter, magazine. F Golf and T H Joiner.
Locomotive coupling, electric. E D Priest.
Locomotives, oil cellar for driving boxes for.

F II Taylor and F Riley.

Loom. E G Johaiison.

Loom shuttle box operating mechanism 2.
G W Stafford.

Lozenge machine. 11 Lucas.

Lubricator. 0 Couse.

3Iail marking machine. 31 A' B Ethridge.
3Iail marking machine. 31 A' B Ethridge
and H E Waite.

3Iail matter, machine fur marking. F N
Ethridge.

3Ianhole cover. J P Roe.

3laiil>ole covers, yoke for. J P Roe.

3Ietals against corrosion, preparation for
protecting. A Buecher.

31ilk cooler and aerator. If AV Gazlay.
31illing maclnne. C H Trask.

31itering macliine. H A Rieraann.

3lold forming apparatus, S J Adam.s.

3Iortar making apparatus. T D 3IcClary.
31usic box, coin controlled. H l.angfelder.
3Iusic leaf turner. AV C Bo<‘ing and T P
Stork.

31n8icul instrument. B II Monnouse.

Nut and bolt lock. F P Jolinson.

Oiler for bicycles, &C L Ilirseh.

Oiler, locomotive. J H Turner.

Ore grimier and amalgamator. C X 3Ioore.
Oven W H Wilder.

Packing bt)X, rod or vah'e. D Spencer.
Paper cutter, self clamping. C L Smitli.
Paste, making dry adhesive. P A'anden-
burgli.

Peeling macliine, potato. D Grant.

Pencil iiolder ami sharpener. II A A'eazie.
Phonograjih erasing attachment. E 11 Amet.
Phunoscopic plates, producing I'ositive. G
Demeny.

I’liotograpli display cabinet. 11 AV' Pot-
teiger and W A Kolinmn.

Pipe coupling. W AV Gage.

Piston rods to cross heads, device for secur-
ing. E J Armstrong.

Plantei', hand seed. W Dnlin.

Plow and seed sowing attachment. G AV'
Jolinson.

Potash alum aud aluminii, making. J
Ileibling.

Power storage ajtparatus. A G Page.
Preserving food compounds. E F Anker.
Piinting macliine, stencil. AV (1 Fnerl!i.
Pump for drilled wells. D Lippy.

Pumping ajiparatus for gas, air, water, See.

G P Schneider.

Radiator. J .Tohnson.

Kail joint. 31 0 Perkins.

Railway, cable street. F Hoch.

Railway^ conduit electric. T .\rmat.
Railway rails, fish plate Siilice tor connect-
ing. W J Sheldon.

Railway signal, electiic. C R Als<q).
Railway signal, electiic. B Samuels.
Railway supply system, electric. T Harris.
Railway switch. L N Jagel, C G Smith, and
A B Pruden.

Railway switch. D F Vaughan.

Railway switch and signal. S S Heim.
Railway switch, automatic. L AVashington
and W n Roberts.

Refrigerator and filter combined. C L Sher-
wood.

Register for rotations of vehicle wlieels, Ac.

II I) Studabaker.

Riding habit. F Schafer.

Roll ludding camera. A Delug.

Roof fastening, metallic. J 0 Pew.

Rotary engine. H P Holland.

Row boat. 31 F Davis.

Rule, draftsman's. F A\' Altpeter.

Saddle girtli ring. I II Reed.

Safety b'>lt. P Burns.

Sand mold 7. S J Adams.

Sand molds, apparatus for forming. S J
Adams.

Sanding device. AV Grunow , Jr.

Sash fastener. C C Algeo.

Sawing knife handle blanks, machine for.
F C Feicker.

Sawmill di.g. J II 31iner.

Scale, Weighing. 11 Paddock.

Screen for half tone process. 31 Levy.
Screwcutting machine. I) J Jones aud AA'
L Clouse.

Scribbler or carding engine. E and AA' 31
Crowther.

Seal 2. E J Brocks.

Seal. F AV Brooks.

Search light. 0 G Cates, Jr.

Sectional boiler. G A AVatson.

Self closing can. I Sexbui.

Self opening gate. G L Duncan.

Separating machine, centrifugal. 0 nhlssoii.
Sharpener and hone stone holder, combined
knife. P Birch.

Shears. D H Hollingsworth.

Sheet metal pipe. C S Hamlin.

Slielving. A B AVagner aud E Liesenhoft'.
Shirt, il A Hagen.

Shoe fastening. T U AV'alter.

Signal device, safety switch. II 31 Aber-
nethy and J 31 Graliani.

Skate J L AV'lielpley.

Sleigh, tubular. J S Johns<in.

Slieer, vegetable. X aud T Heneault.

Smoke consuming furnace. J Graham.
Smoke consuming furnace. J 31 Williams.
Snow cleaning attachment for locomotive
engines. 31 F Maudeii.

Speed meclianism, variable. A Sequeira.
Spikes, making. J J O'Neill.

Spinning frame, ring. P P Craven.

Spool turning macliine. E Hubbard.
Spreader, animal. J E Perl.

Stair path 31 H 3Iarcus.

Stallion shield. J AV Fitzgerald.

Stamp canceling and postmarking machine 2.
31 V B Ethridge.

Stamp canceling machine. F X Etliridge.
Stamps to envelopes, Ac, Device for affixing
postage or otlier. J C Steelman.

Steam boiler. D Ahern.

Steam engine. P B Landgraf.

Steam separator. G AV Aulmann and AV R
Harris.

Steering apparatus, steam. E Heyde,

Stove, cooking. A B Clunies,

Stove lid lifter. A Shepard.

Stove, meat V*roiler gas. B S Koll.

Stovp, oil or lamp. H P AV'ildcr.

Stovepijie elbow*. C and A Lindemann.
Street sweeper. G 31(.)rrow.

SliHiip extractor. J C Sharp.

Sucker rods, adjustable socket clamp for, J
A Kidd and G AV' Hess.

Sulky. S Elliott.

Surgical instrument. A\^ Scheerer.
Telegraph, printing. E Pope.

Teleplione switch. A Stromberg and A
Carlson.

Tliiasliiug maehidg. J Hawk.

Tlirashiiig machine feed and band cutting
attaclimeut. M Schlatter.

Tire and rim for wheels, pneumatic. .1 AA'

Sniallman.

Tire, imeuniatic. P AV' Tillinghast and F
31allalieu.

Tire tighteniT. AV T 3Iackey.

Toothpick macliine. C F Seamniaii.
Tootlipicks, apparatus for liandling and
packing. (' F Scainman.

Toothpicks, apparatus for liandling and
packing. C F ScanmmD and H P Cliurchill.
Towage, canal. .1 I 3[orris.

Toy bank, ri'gisteriijg. A AV <'<.lhii.

Traction wheel. S AVbirnerand O E Cook.
Trolley pole catcher. <.) G Cates, Ji\

Truck, car. S Fox.

Trunk lock. E A Judil.

Tub roller and shaper AA' B Sylvester.

Tube cxiKinder. C AV Uniholtz.

Tng fastening, haiiie. AV I* Gelal'cnt.

Tuning devic<‘. D 31 AVliite.

Tunnels, centering f.*r. J 3IcXamara.
Turbine. G 31 Ibipkiu.'^.

Type* writing machine. J II Hiidsun.
Unicyele. H J SacKSte'ler.

Valve ftir expansion cylimlersof vapor com-
pression engine. E Riegelmanii.

Valve for water gages, ball. G II AV'all.
A'alve, slide. E Heyde.

A'alye, steam engine slide. F P 3Ial"ne.
A'apor Inirner, multiplex. R E and AV S ‘ >lds,
Veiiicle brake. .1 C F Hurst.

A'ehicle brake, side bar. T II Carter.

A'ehicle wheel. (’ L Ames.

A'elocijiede. G II I>ay.

A’elocijicde, ice. L (Tiieneiscn.

A'ciitilator. AV F Wolfe.

A'eterinary drenching bottle. P Schaefer.
A’ibrating pisbui < ngiue. AV' 10 Crist.

Vise, blaeksniith’s. A Lennon.

A'ises, means fur operating sectional nuts of.
J F Buegen.

Washing machine. J A Alengel.

AV'atch jewels, mechanism for loading. L X
Jackman aiul C A Smith.

AA'ater meter, rotary. P Ball.

AA'ater purifying apparatus. L Ar< hbiitt and
R 31 Deeley.

AVheeL J 31 3Ic3Iaster.

AVindow. G Giglio.

AVindow’ guaid and shade attachment. T
Euplirat.

AV indow, swinging. 31 F 3Iahoney.

Wire fabric tool. S S Casey.

AVreneli. F E Burgeviu.

PATENTS GRANTED JUNE 26/94

Accumulator plate. -C J Babrier.

Aildiiig machine. R Baumann.

Adding machine, electiically ojieruted. R
Bannianu.

Advertising ilevice. B D 3rilliken.
Adveilisiiig device. A A Root.

Advertising letter. T E Dean.

Animal trap. 31 B 3loiTis.

Anvil, jeweier'.s. 0 II Lutz.

Ash ejector. F E Kirby.

Axle box li<I. P X French.

Axle lubricator, car. D 3IcCartliy.

Baby carrier, S Kelileubeck.

Barrack. AV' A 3IcHarry.

Barrell, packing. E T 3Iasori.

Bath tub. A G AV'ard and AV C AVintieM.
Battery grids of forced leads, machine for
making storage. AV AV' Grisconi.

Battery plates, forming storage. C Sorley
and J K I’umpcdly.

Bearing, ball. .1 H 3Iyers.

Bedstead, waidrube. L Harris and 31 Jaiser.
Beeliive. F Danzenbaker.

Bicycle canopy. L Z Jenkins.

Bicycle saddle. F E AA'eaver.

Bicycle wheel. G AV Smiley and F AV Dim-
lap.

Boiler cleaner, automatic. A L Banhard.
Boiler furnace, steam. A J Hodgson.

Boiler furnace, steam. 0 I) Drvis.

Build'S, api)aratiis fur inserting, finishing,
and seem ing splits in. AV' S Shipe.

Book cover, adjustable locking. 31 \A' Cum-
mings and T F .Jordon.

Book, Duplicating cash or receipt. E E
Garrett.

Biokkeeping, system of. AV Ilimrod.

Boot tree. ,J 31acdunald.

Buttle closure. R Flanigan.

Bottle stopper. B Boley.

Brace and liit gage. C AVhitus, J AV AV'ilks,
and Is J AVhitus.

Brake beam, C T Schoeu.

Breech bolt. F J Penn and J Deeley, Sr.
Bridle. T Alarcum

Broom making machine. P B Doiialioe.
Brush, hath, (t W AV'oiden and II Huettig.
Building block and apparatus for niaiiu-
factuiiiig same, II Behrens.

Bullet mold. G P Riggs.

Burglar alarm, eleetric. A Stromberg.
(Reissue.)

Burnishing machine. T Gare.

Button drilling machine. J AVebb.

Button, sei)arable. T E Anderson.

Bu tons, apparatus for forming pearl. G
Carlyle.

Can crimping machine. J AV Roherts.

Call testing machine. J B Clot.

Can testing machine. AV B 3Iann.

Canal traction device. F A Pocoi k.

Car coupling. C H Andrus.

Car colliding. J 0 3Iitchell.

Car coupling. AV’ T Wilson.

Car door. H E and H E Iloko, Jr.

Car door. 1 V Kelly.

Car, dump. P Peterson.

Car fender. H G (.'hatain.

Car fender. 31 aud A' F Alaiilhof.

Car guard. G Boehm,

Car life guanl. J J Beals.

Car safety guar<l. J W Betz.

Car Safety guard. A Soft'rel.

Car soat, reversible. R H AVcatherly.

Car wheels, apparatus for manufacturing.
J Parkinson, Sr.

Car wheels, manufacturing. A J Fisher.
Cars, tb'xible belt fender for street raihvay.
R Bl’hambers.

Cars, means for suspending electric motors
from. R Luiulell.

Cars, safety appliance for street railway. F
AV Jenkins.

Cars, whecd fender and safety attachment for
street. F H ITornau.

< 'arriage, chilir.'. II I Iluiiit ln'ey.

Cash n-rcip1s recording apparatn-;. < ‘ Gnlts-
clialk.

Ca.di reg}>ter. B AI Hunter.

( 'a.sh regi^ter. B 1’ 'rii'uni'S'Ui.
f'liain wreiicli. .1 H A'inti'ii.

Chair iM»tt<>in. < ' Sing< r.

(’himiieys, appaiatii." f<*r tlie eoii.'tnu lixn nf.
JI C Bowi-ll.

Cliuin dash'-r. J W Bi' k- r.

Cigar luddi-r. K D Van Wii k<4.

Cigar pii'r er. -I ^V Alilb-r.

Cigarette seleel ing and lii»\iiig niu'diine. .1
X AV<;. (1.

( 'ircuil maker. I ► F Hall.

Cistern. T .1 Slicaii*r.

Clanq). AV' Veagerand B 1-^ W'e-tlin.

Cl n'k, <*Ie< ti ic alaim X F Whitney.

(.’f -ihes line fa't' iier. II Itetka.

Cocks aiitDiiialically. ma' liine tbr giindin.:.
0 31 Jarvis.

Cotlee drying appaiatiis. B 1’ H acking,
t'ommutator. J C lyvl'e.

Conceiitrat'ir. (! AVallac*’.

Concrete niomiment, nielliod of and ap-
paratus for making. X C Cameren.
Condenser. C S ( 'ox.

C'uinleiiser. Iv H Wardwell.

Coop, tblding ))outtiy. I T Caiter.

Cot, folding. T .''aiids.

Cotton stalk bieaking machine. Y Crim-
lam.l and .1 .1 Bingne«s.

^o^er, milk jar. (.'X Wilcox.

Curling iron holder. 31 A Sheldon.

Cnrient machines, coiit rull'-r fur alternating.
E B A' Seavern.s.

Curtain holding device. 0 Anderson.

Dental plate. T If Graham.

Display rack, wall pa]ter. C 31 and II B
Patterson.

Door check. .1 Suter.

Door securer. F .1 Smith.

I>ough raising appaiatus. .T Bomlry.

I>raft beam fa-teiiing. J A 3Iarkley.
Drilling swivel, liall bearing. W W Swan.
Dust jian. 31 Cote.

]>ye, blue 2. 31 3bM‘llev.

I>yeiug apparatus. J Jteffitt.

Electric lighting system, transformer. P
AVright.

Electric machine, ilyiiamo or magnetu. L
Paget.

Electric maehine, brush hoMer for dynamo.
R Fuller.

Electric motor. .1 Lee.

Electric wires, automatic safety joint fur. J
II Curry.

Electi ical disti ilaition, transformer system
of. 1’ Wiiglit

Electrieally ojieratt'd register. S J Glass.
Elevator and dump. W L Oakes.

Elevator controlling device. C A Ilarkiie.ss.
Emery wheel bearing^ 0 S AValker.

Engine indicator, steam. EJ Bea.

Envc-lojte letter sheet, circular, and casing,
combiueil. W A AVright.

Evaporating aiiparatiis, liquid. C AV Cooper.
Excavator and’elevator. H P Holland.
Extension table. J Bohr.

Extension table. 31 11 Young and .T 31
3Iathews.

Eyeglasses. AV F Koineniann.

Eyes, apparatus for testing. C 31 C Prentice.

Fan, ventilating. AV II 3IcConnell and F A
Ray.

Fastening device. J ZeiseramI FA Leemau.
Feed water heater and purifier, combined.
E G T Culle.s.

Fence machine. AV C Shoemaker.

Fence post. P C Cretclier and J K 31iller.
Fence tightening implement. G I) Lock-
wood.

Fiber drier. F G and A C Sargent.

File, ready reference. AV' L A'au Harlingen.
Filter. J A Bowden.

Fire alarm. P J Regan.

Fish line reel. X II 31c(Jregor.

Fishing apparatus. P S and A J Downio.
Fishing tluat. G H Bawlings.

Fla.x puller 2. F L Bonjaniiu.

Eloor aud ceiling construction, fire proof. J
Seipel.

Flushing ajiparatus for urinals, A'c., automa-
tic. AV Clark, A Cameron, and C Kirk.
Food products from cereals, maehim* for tlie
manufacture of. H D Perky.

Fruit can. C Schiflerly.

Game ai'paratus, coin controlled. AV 31
Keane.

Game counter. H C Phillips.

Game table. G Huii/.inger.

Garment supporter. G E Adams,

Garment supporter clasp. C W Stimsou.

Gas 1)111 net', illuminating. C A Shaw.

Gas generator and burner. C F Sanford.

Gas meter. E Haas.

Gas retort lid. C C AValker.

Gate. F S Gray.

Gate. E Nenliauser.

Glass, composition for imiuufacturing. A P
A) ling.

Glove, boxing. R X Carson aud A A 3Iar-
tin.

Glue into sheets, apparatus forming. C AA'
Cooper.

Glue making apjtaratus 2. C AA’ Coopor.
Glycerin and salt from spent snap lyo, re-
covering. E K ]Mittin<r.

Glycerin from glycerin foots, recovering. J
Vail Riiymbclie.

Glycerin from siient soap lye, apparatus for
recovering. .) A'aii Ruynibeke.

Glycerin, process of and apparatus for <lis-
tilling. .1 A'an Ruvmbeke.

Gold from its chlorid solutions, separating.
J \V' Sutton.

Gold or silver from ores, process of and ap-
paratus fur extraction of. J AV Sutton.
Grain meter. C L AVylic.

Crain storage building, metallic. E 0 Fallis.
"Grapple. D E Lyon.

Grave signal. 11 Deveau.

Grinding and polisliing machinery. E Ford.
Grinding machine. T B Dooley,

Gripping device. C AV’ Nason.

Gun, brei'cU loading. I N P Stokes.

Gun, rawhide wound. F Latiilip.

Ilame hook. A Thomson.

Harrow. J Porteous.

Harrow and scraper, combined. I Smith.
Harrow attachniont. B 31 Mills.

1 !.ir\ e-ter ami hn-k'-i. '■ml'inali'ai • laai. J
Drake.

HaivoM. r, e a-n. W F /i-ib r.

Hat pi n . A J .''I II liiean.

Day pi-e^-. 1; H Walton.

Has lar-k. G Han-mann.

Ib-af motor plant- K D Kinii'-y.

Ilileliiiig deviee, '«tock. > I ' lark.
Ib.i.osli.M'. .1 IF. .1 B . and W L MuitlF
1 1 1 fi- eart. F and I . >lia v.

JIo.,- reel. .1 D JInnt-,.'

Hot ail- regi>ff-r. B It Dii< i,l.-r.
llytiraiilic el.-vato]-. J Ib-j, Imiaiin.

Ilydi ocarhoii l•urn••^. < > laimond-.

b .. rre,.|,er. J K Bn— 11.

In.'iilator. J M .\ nd- r-on .

IioTiina board, .1 W ili- tt and '1 C Fob*.
•Jewel liipilig marliiljo. J) II ('burch.
K<*yln>;ird im-cliani-m It playing upon
"f riiig'-d iimtriniK-iitv. K .1 D'-\ laminck.

K <*yboard, mo\ a)«b*. F .1 .M DuNivlt-r.

K iiitting maelii !io nrr-dle act nating 'am. II
A Ibai'cman,

Knitting macliine, warji. C B Sand'-r,

Kiioi kdown caNe. .M .M Fleekb*y.

Lamp, eb-eti ic arc. W .1 Davy.

Famj', electric arc. > 1* J.-iin-i'.n.

Fam)i. electric arc. L I’. Marks.

Famp hanger, 'f llaneock.

Lamp hglit'-r. el'-eti ie. .1 I' Mi Laiigiilin.
Lamp, safetv. T J.owtiu*!-, II Toal. and B
Hay.

Lamps, adjustable earlier tor eb-ctiic. It
Faries.

I-arnyblack or call) >11 black machine. J F
James.

Lantern. G W .Jarmin.

Lantern. 31 G Stevens.

Fasting machine. K I'tlrandy.
laithes, meiiiis for Centering fac* jilales for.
E Beynolds.

Letterbox. TC Fhai'pcll.

Letter b(<x. G L Savage ami AV H Harrison.
Liglit support, J B Hughe'-.

Line fastener. B M Fhristensen.

Linotype machine. G Alergeiithaler.

Luck and latch, combined. E Kami J K
3Iix.

Locomotive sanding device. E T Clia-ie.
Fnt>ri<.ating device. JI and H A House. .Jr.
Lumber drier. AV L Biiitoii and II 3Ieyenl-
ing.

Alachine table. J E Bradley.

31agnetic sejiaratur. H Farmichael.

Mail marking machine. F X Ethridge.
31a>k. fire. G Pozilena and F Cliurau.

Match box. J P Wiight.

3Ieasnre case, tape. W L E Keuffel.
Meimure. steel tape. W L E Keuflel.

31eat cutting macliine. 31 Lytch.
31eclianical movement. JF Ihitler.

3letal bars, A’C., maehim* for cutting. AV F
Everett.

3[etal boring macliine. D Stevenson.

3Ietals electrically, lieating. F L Coffin.
3letallic bodie.s, means for making. H F
AVolle.

31 inc trap door. GJ Hertli and G IFuieii-
berger.

3Iiterbox, adjustable. J Luschor.

3Iodel stand. Sullivan.

31okling aj)paratus J. S J Adams.
3lonucycle. J AV Finch.

3Iotor or j)ump. F E Brown.

3Iusic leaf turner. F A Aleyer.

Nozzle, can. G .1 Becord.

Xut lock. D Boyi-r.

Nut luck. J F Bi'own.

Xut lock. W T Bicliardsoii.

Oarlock. J D Prescott,

Office door indicator. AV I* Lawrence and F
A Hopkins.

Oil can. G A Kaw huuser. ^

Oils, fats, and fatty acids, purifving fixed. F
L Dyer.

Oils, puiif'ying illuminating. AV’ B Priee.
(.hgaii pump. H and .1 Schwesinger.

C)\en, bake J 31i'ldleby.

(,)y»ter dredge. A D Post.

Package w ra[ipers, fa'-teiiing device for. AV
B Coulter.

Padlock. A\' E Sparks.

J’aiut, compositiwii for lemoving. ETessen.
Paper making machine, thickness gage for.
O AV T Am Ernie.

Paper sti ijts on pa>lcboard. apjiaratus for aj)-
jilyiug gummed ornamental. J Temler.
Piano'attaclinieiit. 0 Xalence.

Piano sounding boaid, E <t Schleicher.

Pipe coupling. J J Burke.

Pipe plug, soil or utlier. H G Tillinghast.
Planter, corn. C A Beeratecliwr.

Plow, sulky. C Aiideisoi).

Potato digger. B A Beynolds.

Pow ders, maimfactui iiig metallic 2. J Sachs
and E Huber.

Piinting indigo. A Blanchou and A Allegret.
Printing macliine, imilt.jtle color, W H R
Toye.

Printing machine printing plates, registering
attachment for. W II R Tove.

Pulley block. ()M3lowat.

Punciiing and forming machine. F 1*
II iggins.

Push button. J F AL Langhlin.

Radiator, .steam. TI AV Stone.

Bail, guard. 0 B Ames,

Railway carriages, ventilating. S Hughes.
Railway, conduit electric 2. F J Reed.
Railway cr()s^ing gate. L Harris.

Railway rail joint. 11 Bol.ieits.

Railway sw itch. II H 3latt.

Ranges, heaters, Ac., means for lighting
gas. C H Page, Jr.

Refrigerator. F .laeoby.

Refrigeraku' car. F E Camla.

K'*fiigerator cai-. T J Gilmaitiii.

Blieos-tat. B E Baker.

Rotary engine. F Brackemanii.

Rotary steam engine, C’ A' Divan, Fils.
Saddle, liariiess. <’3I Ijemke.

Safe lock. A O Burlon and DS Covert.

Safe lock. G F Damon.

Safe locking mechanism. C () Yale.

Sash cord fast(Mier. L H 3[ullikin.

Sash lock, lifler, and lioph.r. II Guy and O
E Reed.

Seaming machine, can 2. J A\’ Robeits.
Seat. 0 L Barrett.

148

rilE TXVEXXTVE AGE

Seeil, iiiaclii ne fur cleaning cotton ..r otlior.
M Moran.

Sewiicr niachiiie 2. T* Guliring.

Seu lni: machine for fringitig fahrics. G A
J iid.son.

S'wina: machine Hhntth-. II A Ihites.

Sliaih- lioldcr, w indow. .\ I> DunUle.

Shaft hoMcr, Vidiicle. P .1 Harrah.

Shell. \l A Ihulficld.

Shoe. H. \j (lodiiiif.

Shnt off d< vic<', piia*. .1 1’ N(d>on,

Sido liglit. ( ' A nd<*i‘son.

Siunal ojM-rating w iics, coliipem^ator for. .1
S l,Vti:im.

Si«;naliii,ir system and apparatus, electric
lime. \V A Purcell.

Skirt ami fr(msi‘rs. conihiiu'd. B Zelh'raiid
11 (’lager.

Sled. .1 llofer.

Shd'jh I miner alta( hineiit. II .1 Ilowanl.

Sniok'- •■'tai ks, tlevice toi' inci easi ni; draft in.
iMJanl.

So:i]i lye, n*('oveiing products from spent. .1
\’an liiiymheke.

Soldering iiiai hine, can. .1 W iP.herts.

Soldering tool, eiectrii-. .1 F Alcl-aughlin.
Sole cutting machine. .1.1 Ileys.

Soh* rounding mai liine. .1 N Moulton.
S.innd conducting apparatu.s, G A hcech.
Stamp, return po.^tage. 11 5 William.s.
Steam, apparatn.'! for preparing exi>antled
ami ndieated. F h Pyer.

Steam hoiler. II N Barth.

Steam hoiler. T Miller.

Steam hoiler. F Prox.

Steam luiiler, wafer tnhe. T> B Tiavi-.

Steam h(<iler, watc'r tnl<i\ .) W’ Van Pyke.
Steam engine for air ininips. II Kreiit/.,
Steam, preparing. .1 Van linymheke.

Steam tiup. (' W Nason.

Ste:im trap and feeder. P L hong.

Steel, mannfactnre of. B 'falhot.

Stilt. K Piepenhriiig.

Stitt h se[>arating and imleiiting machine. .1
B lladaway.

Sto\e. M .lahn.

Sto\ e, lieating oil. IC Randall.

Sto\ e or range .1 Spear.

Stovei»ipe attachment. .) II Ilnntre.^s.
Stovcpi|ie .joint. F II Bramaii.

Sfrai> fastener. F L ^loore.

Street sweep--!'. P B Poiialior).

Stringed instrument hritige. Gialnrn.
Suhniarine hoat. P d' Fi ecse and .1 P (Tawn.
Sulky. S Flli-'tt.

Sulky, niieimiatic G W Plarke
Switch ui'eratin.g tlcvice. W F Permoily.
Switi'h operating mechanism, anloiiiatic. C
P Bacheldei'.

d’tdliiJ iaii. G B Nichols.

'IVxtile machinery apron. .1 II hoiimer.
Thermal alarm. II P .Maxim.

Trashing macliiiiie grain carrier ami regula-
tor. A <i Green.

Tile for lloor and ceiliii.g Coiisli'iiction. .1
Seipel.

Tile pn-sses, automatic valve geiii' for. 11 E
Banker.

I’i liner's sin ai >. .\ I’ Parone.

'I’i I e. hh yt h-. K M Ballaiitiiie
'l ift* holt wn-m h. .1 I'j ('amptiell.

1 ire fahlic. hieycle. 0 Moore.

Tile heater. .1 A (’allaway.

'J’iie, 1 nhher. < ' K \\’eleh.

1'iie ti.ghti-ner. E Hays ami E A Thnston.

Toltacco pipe cover. .A A Percy.

’roho;rj_.;ni sili'le. Ed Monis.

Tool hamlle. d W S Neal,
d'oid handle. L II Schmitt.

'fool Inddei'. d I’i Smitli.

d'orpedo hoat, suhniarine. d P Holland.

Traetion engine. 0 pnast.

'i’ramniel. W ll Gates.

Tiaiisplaider, tree or llower. H BaMridge.
Trolley staml. E F A lleiustings.

Tndley wire hanger. d jMeTighe.
d’l'mk. railway v.iw N C Bassett.

Tinidi, hiircan, and writing talde, comhimi-
t ion. S '!’ A minis.

Trunk corner ami liiiigc piece. 0 F Pottle.
Ttiiiik, poi'finantcan, Ac. K Bixinsdon.
'I'niiiilar casings, macliine for making. E M
I Ian ingfoii.

'rnrhiiie, steam. CG P de Baval.

'rnycie. .I G llahelt.

Type w riling cal'im-t 2. L S Ilaye.s.

Type writing machine, cleaning attachment
for. (’ 'f Tliatchcr.

Umlirclla ril* locking device 2. F W T
.ledeck.

FnihrelJa, self closing, d II Sprague.
Vacuum pan. 0 W CAioper.

Valve, air hrake. .T F Voorhees.

A^Hve for water, steam, or other liquids or
gases. \V Thomson.

Ahilve mechanism. W B Mason.

Vehicle brake. W T Idnehack.

Vending machine, d A and W T Westhay.
Ahiltaic battery. II Timm.

AVatch, .stem winding. G S Klein.

\\ atei' closet how l ami seat. ( J F Gi eene.
AVater closet seat. UG dohnsoii.

Water heater or hoiler. (' T 'ronlniin.
Water heating apparatus 2. (Ml Page, dr.
Water ni-dor. A A Ranhold.

^^ater, purifying. BRemmers.

Wheel rim and makingsame. 0 F Gowdrey.
Wo(d, ap|>aratns for extracting oil from. F
N ’rnrney.

Wool wiLshing machine 2. B H Rice.

AWiol washing machine. F G Sargent.

Claimants
their At-
the Commissioner
at once write to

of

hear from
torneys or
Pensions should

L. C. WO(dI) cN CO.,

Peiiision Attornex^rt,

507 E St., N. W., Washington, D. C,

I’romiil atti-iilion and a vigorous prosecution
given every claim placeil with ns.

PATENTS.

CO

cc

<

LU

Q

<

DC

I-

R. N. STEVENS,

Attorney and Solicitor,

Procures Foreign and Domes-
tic Patents at Moderate Rates.
Advice and Book of Instruc-
tions Free.

Correspondence Solicitt-tl. All Tetters
Coiilidt-nlial.

□

m

U)

O

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CO

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gii F Street, N. W.,

WASH I .X( )X. 1 ). C.

A (IriKTiil Iiiiiikiini' Biisiiif.^s Ti'iiiisiirlfil.

< .VriT.\T

E. S. PAKKEK Pr,sid,-n(.

A. 1''. I'GX. .... - P rcsidnii .

A' Ij R E NP K C ( >K S( t N. . . . Cashit'r.

W. C. SHELLEY,

RTTORNEYand • - - • i r
^ I- • COONSELLORat LflW

KELLOGO BLILDINO.

WASHINCiTON, D. C.

General Court and Departmental
Practice.

PATENTS.

P'or elevtMl years I have devotetl ill v
lime exclusively 1<i llie ])re]iaralion
and prosecutiini <if aiijdicalioiis f«ir
PATENTS. TRADE-MARKS and
PG P A' R I < i H 'P S, 1 o 1 lie ma n agt-meii I
of i nlerfereiici-s. i<i remh-ri ng opin-
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lialeiiis. to making jireliminary
searches, and lo altetKling" to all
mat t el's i t-lalin g to patents or i n veii-
lioiis. li ig'liest references in all parts
ttf the country. St-iul for haiul-b<iok
on ]>att‘nts.

IGIPSA (i. DtiliOIS,

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Jetts. E. Skidmore,

Pnikhl St.'itcs and

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Designs, Trademarks and Copyrights.

I’.Uly.. \V,\SllIX('.'r(iX. I). C.

Mord: th.x.v 15 A’t-.ars Expkrip nlt..

R. M. BR(dWN,

Artists and
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S. AV. cor. 7lti A: N sts. X. \V..

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Pollock & riartln,

Wall Papers,
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Estimates clu*erf iilly fnrnislied. Gnr terms

are reasonable. All orders by mail will receive

jirumpt attention.

JOS. E. HODGSON,

Furnaces, Ranges and Latrobes,

ROOFING, GUTTERING and SPOUTING.

Jobbing- Promptly Altondcii to.

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Repairs furnished for all kinds of Stoves.

No. .PJ.V ICiglitli Sli’eel Southeast,
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Tj. c. wood,

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I)on‘t invent a story from i magi nal ion.

Don't ]>iit yonr mom-y in an old iriinlv ami
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lX\M-:s'r IT.

The fidelity Bdilding, Loan

\ N 1 1

Inuestrnent fiss’n

GFPKRS SPICCIAI. IXniTCEMKXTS TO
AXYOXIC hooKIXG FoK
A H S ( ) h AT r 1C H. 1C C LMi I T V.
nos ni4 G s'r. N. W.

HaKK'ISDN I)IN'<,M.\N.

Alonzo Twf.kdalil I’resi.lent.

Sec ret rv.

n. VALE,

PATENTS m TfiflOE iPKS.

Attorney and Counsellor at Law.

t la n 1 ic B u i Id i n g,

'ES E St. X. W. W'ASHIXP.TOX. D. C.

.1. SCIHU.'l'/l’.ACII,

Meclianician and Model Maker,

Models for Paluiits and KxperinieiUs.

TClectrical and NIeteor logical Instruments and
light machinery of every description made to
orde r.

713 nth St., X. W., Washing. tox, D. C.

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Latest Improved

Bookbinders’

Machinery.

The Largest Line of Machinery
of any House in the World.

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THOMSON JAY HUDSON,

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(Bi.T F Street, X. AV. \V A SHIN ( .T( iX. D. C.

Counsellor and Expert in J*alent
Causes. SeN'en \t*ars ex'jierlence as
J*rinci]>al Examiner in the i'aleiii
Oflict-.

PATENTS OBTAINED.

K. W. .WDHRSOX A CO.,

Counsellors at Law,

700 7th Street, WASHINGTON, D. C.

E.xam i nation!^ without cliarg'e.

Ill vent orM (iuitles fret*.

PATIXTS ion IXVIXTIOXS.

RICHARD P. EVANS CO.,

Counsellors at Law.

Attorneys in Solicitors of United
Patent States and Toreign

Causes. Patents.

464 La. A\e., Washington, [). C.

Write for onr 'mndc, ''PATEX'P EAW AND
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PATENTS AND PATENT CAUSES.

Bischoff Building, 610 F St., N. W.,
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Moderate terms. Befoi’e applying- for a patent
write US. All information and advice Erfe.

GLASCOCK & CO.

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Washington. D. C. .Vllaiila, Ga.

STOCKMAN 3T WELCH,
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Correspondence Solicited.

Onr clients will have the

])rivleg-eof ]>lacing- a model Washington, D. C.
of t liei r i 11 veniion on ex hi-
biiion in our section in the

Atlanta Exposition to be Atlanta, Ga.

held in IS05, \vi t hoiil cost
to them.

NEW r.OOK-Jl ST OUT.

How to Make and Use the Telephone.

I5y <4i:<)UGE II. CAKV, V. M.

Illustrated with working drawings; and
gives jiraclical directions for building and op-
erating telephone lines. Just the bfiok’ forany-
bi'dy inU-rested in this subject. It is the latest
booi\ published, and is up to date.

('oiitents: Chap. I. Tlie Telephone. II. The
Telephone T-^i lie. III. Howto make Receivers
of Simple Construction. IV. Batteries best
suited to Telephoiu* Work'. V. XIagneto Call
lh‘11s. VI. Switch-boards. VII. Telephone
Troubles and How to Remed.v Them.

I»i: I < IT, I'owt S^l.

Address, THE INVENTIVE ACiE,

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Scientific Illustrated Monthly for the
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Coiitai n i iifr descriiftitfiis of all l he new i ii veii-
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Washington, D. C. Interestliitr articles by
popular writers cm scientihc subjects written
in a way that the merest bt‘<.,''inner in science
can understand.

Price, Postpaid, 50 Cents a Year.

Sample Copy, Five Cents. Semi for it. Y{»u
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BUSIER PUBLISHING COMPANY,

l\ F. LIMvINS,

H O IJ S hZ V .V 1 TV V 1 rX (ri ,

And Interior Decorating,

Wall Paiutinc’', Kalsomiiiin^’ and Tiniinyr.
Jobbing a Specially.

140^ S Street X. AV. AVasliiiij;loii, 1>. C.

EDWARD (iORMAX,

PRACTICAL

Phirnber = and = Gas = Fitter,

IN ALL ITS JIKANCHIiS.
Reasonable, Durable and Prompt.
I‘i4 B St., N. K., W.\siuxc;to.v. 1). C.

II. KORl’EE,

"^Failor*,

718 nth STREET Northwest.

Spring and Suniiner Stack now on hand to
select from.

PRICES RE.\SONAI5EE. . .

AV. E. COLIil RX,

GENERAL CONTRACTOR.

Portland Cement Walks, Stops and Pave-
ments Laid, Lxcavatinjr. Paviiiu’, Soddiiii^
and Cement-Work a Sjiecialiy. Fstimates
Promptly (Cven.

Box 33, Builders Exchange.

Residence 7t>14th St.. N. E. Washington, D. C.

Joliii \V. Colliiits,

Tin Rooflng, Guttering and Spouting,

RANGES AND LATROBES.

Repairing a Specialty. Work done on
Short Notice.

“gl 11th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C.

The inventor offers stale and county
easy terms.

NOVF£L BARBER CHAIR.

Mr. Samuel Cloutier, of IvCwi.Ntow n .
Me., is the inventor of a verv ingenious
device in the shape of a barbers' chair,
that promises to sniiersede everything
in tlial line. It combines comfort and
ease in the occu])ant of the chair
with perfect and easy manipulation on
the jiart of the barber. The chair is al-
most automatic in its movements and
rises and lowers, and reclines and re-
volves on the application of llie slig-htest
power.

The invention has gweat merit and
])Ossesses vast jiossihilities in the hands
of an enterprising ])erson.
rights, or his entire interest, for sale on

STANTON’S STRAINING POT. ,

Pat. February 18, 1890. I

No. Patent 421 ,777.

This device combines a vessel into which litpiids
may be poured or drawn, the ojieration of straining-
and measuring being- accomjilished at the same time.

A cut of the receptacle g-ives a clear idea of the con-
struction. Tile body of the jiot is cylindrical in
shape, with ribs or rings jilaced at various distances
to afford means to measure the contents. A funnel
strainer is seated within the toji of the plot, so that
liquids are g'-uided as well as strained as they enter.

A lid closes over this to effectually keep) out dirt and dust should the contents be
left standing. A f unnel-shapied outlet at the topi of the plot provides means to
pour out the contents: a strainer pilaced witliin this outlet giving- the passing-
liquid a second straining-. xV cap attached to the side by a short chain is in
handv reach to close the sp)ont, thus keepiing all dust or insects from entering-.
This Straining- Pot shouhl find a place in families, drug stores, liquor dealers,
and all grocery stores. The whole piatent is oftku'ed for sale or will tie pilaced on
a rovaltv, or will be sold liy state or county as desired by purchaser. For in-
formation adilress, (tli(.)K(zE C. STxVNTl.lN, New Ibeki.-v, T-V.

Oiu' of the most i iitoresti ii t*- and uxrfiil
books for iiiviMitors iniblislu-d. Elo-
gaiuly bound. Price 50 cents.

I>=. Tlu' abovt- boidx and the In vi:n ri vi:
xlGE one Year, 31.35. Addn*ss

THE INVENTIVE AI.E.

Wasliingiori. I). C.

Joseph Leicester Mins,

TAVC) :s;icw ICOOKS.

JUST PUBLISHED.

I’iitriits mill I’jiti'iit riiiisi's,

Atlantic Building, WASHINGTON, D. C.

How to Build a 0ne=Fourth Horse=Power
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By A. E. WATSON.

I lliist i-af eel

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New aiol C’<kiI A'anl.

P. R. TAVENNER & BRO.,

Wood and Coal Dealers,

3323 M Street, W. Washington.

All kinds of of coal at lowest rales serv ed in
any (|uaiUity, and prompt deliveiA’ guaranteed.
Coal under cover.

C. E. FINCH,

STAIR BUILDER,

171-t l.“»Oi StrcM-t, X. W.

\V.t.SHl\r,TH\, II. c.

KS i .ABLlSincI) 1S57.

W. I. KIMBALL CO,

A1 A X U F A C T U iv* I •: K S ( > I-

PIANOS AND ORGANS,

Highest Honors World’s Fair.

60 Organs Daily. CHICAGO. 20 Pianos Daily

Oi-i-icE AND AVakekooms:

Wabash Avenue near Jackson Street.
Factokies: Corner 2o and Rockwell Streets.

Contractors

and Builders,

215 Twelfth Street, N. W.,
WxVSHINGTgN, 1>. C.

Estimates cheerfully furiiislied. Jobbiinr
deme <m slKii t notice. Orders by mail will
receive prompt attention.

WALLACE WOODWARD,

Furnaces, Ranges and Latrobes,

Set and ltei»aired.

Rooliii-r. ('iiuteriiig ami Spnuline'.
SiiKikey Chimnrvs Cured. Erick'
work npiaired. Roof {‘aiming. All
orders i)roiii])tly attendi'd to.

1404 T Street. X. AV., Wasiiixwtux. D. C.

EVERYBODY WANTS THE

LIVESTOCK JOURNAL

Andour AVOULD S FAlRTmic.
:&/v\lU/vV SPRiN(a CURRY COMB
1C IT lo Evorv S»il)seribei'.
$1.10 A YEAR.

Write fm- EKEE SAMPLE COPY.
Lilii-ral Casli Connnission to Agents.

Western Agricuiturist and Live StocL Journal,

334 Dearborn St., Cliicasu, 111., or
(QUINCY, ILLINOIS.

( i iLoih Ml Eurrci i.

Slate and Tile Roofer,

r|24 Killi Sirccl, near P St., \. \V.,
WA.SHINC.TON. D. C.

Ri-pairiug a xjiecialty. All work viiarauleeti.

PMCTICIL BBICSLIIEBS IN JtL BBINCBES.

Best of work done on shortest notice.
Estimates fiirnislied.

G34 I Street, N. JE., Wasuixgtox, D. C.

THE lEVEETIVE AGE

GOOD NEWS FOR INVENTORS.

Si, 000 Reward to every inventor who solves
correctly an inierestiny little problem we will
^»-ive him. For particulars and a (4 pa^e ex-
cellent hand-book for inventors enclose a ditne
or five 2-cent stamps, and address The Ameri-
can M.vkket. St. Paul, Minx.

Mention this pa])er. A. M. CARLSEN. Prop.

THE LINOTYPE,

Machine Composition.

Only Successful Machine in Use.

E. E. J.\CKSON. E. COLLIER.

THOS. NORWOOD.

E.E.Jackson&Co,

M. Losano & Son,

Importing Tailors,

818 F Street, Northwest,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

E. C, GILL, Manager,

Washington Lime and Cement Company,

WluilesaU' and Ridail Di-ali-rs in Lime. Pla---
U*r. .Anlit'lain and Pnrtland CmtuMit... Fliu*
Liniti^*" Slalt*. Wood and Coal. holo-

sale and Retail. Limn and AiUintam C'n-
menl furnisht-d in Carload lots. Lstimtitrs
Clienrfully I'nrnishnd. Telhchone li.T'C

Cor. Sill anil 15<>mi<lar.v Sts., Wash. I>. C.

ll. It. SIMMS,

Carpenter and Builder.

Shop in Rear of 920 M St. N. W.,

■Washington. D. C.

This machi ne. operati'd by finjrer keys like a typewriter, automatically produces and as-
sembles. ready for press or slerei)tyifin,!j table, type-metal bars or linotypes, each bearinjr, prop-
erly justit'u-d.'tlie type character to print an entire line. After usin*'- the type bars are re-melted
and cast into new bar.s.

Speed 3,600 to 7,500 ems per hour.

• • e

H.isily Oiteruted. Oiiickly Learned.
Single Operator.

No Loose Type. No Distrilnition.
New Face for Every Issue.

• • •

Used by 150 . .
Leading Dailies,

Address

The Mer^kiiithaler Linotype Company,

Tribune Building NEW YORK CITY,

PHIL. T. DODGE, President.

MANUFACTURERS OF

Lumber, Doors, Sash,

Blinds and Moulding.

Cor. 13th and Ohio Ave., N. W

AVASHINGTON, 1>. C.

SI^FX'tAUTIKS : Dressed Flooriiij^.

Makers of Alabama Edj^re-Grain Flooring’.
Mills located at Planlersville, Ala.

IT. BAI.LaVUF,
Practical Mechanician,

{Established 1855.)

Constructor of Light Machinery, Experimental
and Model Work.

All orders for Certified Duplicates of Patent
Office Models, and Models of any Foreign Pat-
ents from Drawings and Specifications, filed in
tlie Library of the Patent Office for law suits in
case of infringement; also. Original Models for
Inventors, and Models to complete aj^plication
for Patents, from Drawings and Specilications
filed in the Patent Office.

£x i4peci?ilty'.

Weather Strips. Window Screens.

tVM. W. M INFkEE,

Carpenter and guilder,

1411 F Street, N. W.

Estimates cheerfully ‘liven. Nmie excejit
best of workmen em]>lo\ed by im*.

Wm. MacKENZlE & CO.,

Contractors in Stone Work.

Estimates Cheerfully Furnished.

S. AV. Cor. N. J. Ave. and R Struct. X. W.
AA'ASinNtATOX, I). C.

AV. .V.

IHv.Vl.KR IN

Contractor’s • •

• • Supplies,

Smi* (H VNDFEKV AN!) T! A-
IHNE lIAnOWASIE,

Blocks, Cordage, Machinists' and En-
gineer's Supplies,

1 1 A Li N K S S .

220 Tenth St., Corner of C Street Northwest,

AA'ASHIXC.TON. I). C.

('lATCHEltrrOMPKIXvS,

Tailors and Importers,

418 12th STREET, N. W.,

\V ASlIIXtiTOX, J).

W. S. JONES,

Xo. 1103 Sixth Street. Northwest,

CONTRACTOR AND BUILDER.

Jobbing Promptly Attended to.

71) T
niiiJj

FHEMIll 01^

)

L

>1

liotographic Views
of the World s Fair.

Copies of $25 Worth of Superb Photographs.

The achievements in Mechanics, in Architecture, in Art and in Science of that great event, with
all it'> marvelous ICxhibits, Scenes and Surroundings, which produced tlie subli me spec-
tacle. has passed away, but thanks to pliotogra]>liy, it yet lives for the entertainment and
edification of the multitudes and for posterity in a realastic and

Magnificent Uanorania ,\'L World’s Fair,

Showing pictures of grand lUiildings. of glittering Domes. of massive Arches, of noble Statuarv.

ot jetting Fountain^, of beautiful Interior ICxliibits. of Venetian ('roiulolas. gliding over
the dee]) Lag'ooiis. of Pavilions, of Foreign Villages, of Cafes, of the Wooded Island, and
many otln*!' attractions of the Dream City and

The Famous Midway Plaisance, The Bazaar of Nations, or
The Side=show of the World’s Fair.

Those who went to
the Fair

Will livi‘ in these pictures and accomiiaii}'-
ing dc“scrii)tioiis, the delights they ex])er-
ienced on that memorable trij) to the Fair.
They are sure to exclaim. “ Why. it seems
as though I am right thiTe!”'’

( )nr Panorama of tlie AVorld's Fair consists
of OVER 200 SEPARATE and DISTINCT
AMEWS. It is issued in the form of Four
Art Portfolios, EACH PART CONTAINS
55 surprisingly BEAUTIFUL PHO-
TOGRAPHS. The four j)arts contain over

200 Magnificent Photograjjfis, making the
grandest and best collection of World's Fair
Views issued— worthy a jilace on the center
table of the most elegant mansion. Every-
one should have the entire collection of
Four Parts.

|-|QW TO GET THESE VIEWS.

All four of these Art Portfolios, 220 riagnificent Views sent postage
paid with the “INVENTIVE AgE” one year postage paid for $1.35.

Those who did not

SO

Will find in them a source of great delight
and education. With such pictures and de-
scriptions they' can yet visit the Fair in all
its glory. Parents should secure this
beautiful pictorial history for their chil-
d ren.

Estimates furnished on shortest notice.

731 7th Street. N. AV., AVashington, D. C.

C 1 1 AS. E. COGGSWELL.

Carpenter and Builder,

15th Street Extended, Mt. Pleasant.

WASHINGTOX, D. C.

Jobbing done in all its branches.

Estimates cheerfully furnished.

S25to$50P

per weclif
> Atfciit**
Ludh‘A or
hentleiiieii. u>iiis ur Hellint;
‘MMd Reliable I*Iuter.” Only
practical way to replale rusty aud
worn knives, forks, spoons, etc;
quickly done by dipping in melted
metal. No experi*'nce, polishing
or machinery. Thick plate at orio
operaiiori; lasts 5 to 10 years; fino
finish when taken from the plater.
Flvery family has plating to do.
Plater sells readily. Profits large.
W. P. Harrison & Columhns.O.

FREDERICK CARL,

Successor to E. H. Bradford.

Model Maker,

Expert ill Perfect Working Models,

Designing, Drafting and Perfect AVork-
ing Models for In ventors. Models made
from sketches. Patent Office drawings
or home-made models. Diii)licates made
of Patent Office models for law suits in
case of i nfriiigement. Paterns made
from wood and metal. Manufacturing
of Novelties.

711 G Street, opposite U, vS. Patent Office,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

WOOD COAL COKE

Dry well-seasoned Wood.
Free-Burning Coke.
First Grade Coal.

Sole Agent for the

Celebrated ARGYLL STEAMING COAL.

THOS. K. MARTIN,

Main Office: 920 20tli St. N. W.,

WASIIIXGTOX, D. C Telephone 1766.

P. S. MURPHY,

Practical Tinning and Heating,

steel Plate Furnaces. Rang-es and Latrobes.
Jobbing' done on short notice.

N. W. Corner 3rd and H Streets,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

THE 1XVEXTI\"E ^OE.

151

INSTRUCTION'‘MML

In Architecture,

Architecturai, Drawing,

Plumbing, Heating and Ventil.ation,
Bridge Engineering,

Railroad Engineering,

Surveying and Mapping,

Electrical Engineering,

Mechanical Drawing,

Mining,

English Branches, and

^XKCIIXTVieS.

Diplomas awarded. To beg’iti students
Tieed only known how to read and write. Send
for FREE Circular of Information statin.ir the
subiect vou think of studvin<r to THE COR-
RESPONDENCE vSCHOOL OF MECHANICS
AND INDUSTRIAL SCIENCE. Scranton. Pa.

4000 STUDENTS.

cLiiiis WHO

■ /\ hear from

^ their attor-
ne.v, or the
Com missioner
of Pensions
should at once
write to

Prompt attention and I L. C. WOOD & CO.,
a vigorous prosecu- Pension Attorneys,
lion driven every 1 5('7 E. st.. NW..

claim placed with us Washing-ton. D.C.

EDWARD P. THOnPSON M. E.,
SOLICITOR OF PATENTS.

Author “ How to Hake Inventions.”

3 to 9 Beekmaii St., New York.

Ten years’ experience in the intricate patent
laws of fifty foreig-n countries and the United
Stales. Not a sinirle dissatisfied client. Com-
plete and successful correspondence s^'stem
with out-of-town clients. Secrecy .guaranteed.

C. A. DORSET! & BRO.,

PItirnbers and TiDDers,

1115 I’AUK I'L VC1-: Noifheast,

Washington. D. C.

Furnance, Latrobe and Stove Repairing.

Orders solicited and promptly executed. Sat-
isfaction guaranteed. Orders b^' mail receive
prompt attention.

T'XCELSIOR EDITION

cs # 5T/fND/?Rh Poets.

Inlarpe 12mo Volumes, beautifully printed, bound
lu cloth. Price, * 5 1 Is. ciicli Postpaid.

This IS the cheap-
est gooa edition of
the foremost writ-
ers of “thoughts
that breathe and
words that burn”
in the English lang-
uage. Ivobody can
afford to be ignor-
ant of the work of
these great writers
when they are at-
tainable in the
above descriptive
dress at the price
named. The illus-
tration gives a fair
idea ot the shape
of this edition of
Standard Poets.

SH IK KSPE.lItE’S WOllKS COMPLETE
TE,\-\ VSO A’S POETIC AL AVOKKS.
.HOOK IPS POEHS.

Hll/rO\"S POE.HS,

G01,«S.lIITil’S M OIIKS.

B5 USS’S POIiHS.

OiVEN HEKICSin IPS POEHS.
SCOTT'S POET3C.lL. WORKS.

BV RON’S POEHS.

BROWNING’S POEHS. (?Ir8.)
ROBERT BROW NING.

INGEI.OW’S POEEHS.

PROCTOR’S POIEHS.

El < Il.E.

E' A.HILI AK Ql OT.iTIONS.

GEIIS I'KO.TI THE POETS.

SA( RED GEHS EKOH THE POETS.
EON G E E I. I.O W ’S POEHS.
WHITTIER’S POETICAL W ORKS.

Tile above illustration gives a fair idea of the
style of this elegant edition.

75 Cents per Volume Postpaid.

Any one of the above books and the
Inventive Age one 3-ear. for S1.35;
two books and Inventive Age one
3-ear. $1.75; three books and Inven-
Ti\-E Age oue rear. $’. Address

THE INVENTIVE AGE.

Washington, D. C.

S. H. HINES,

UNDERTAKER AND EnBALHER,

2203 and 2205 14th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

With sixteen years' experience offers himself to the public to do all kinds of funeral
work, and guarantee prompt attention and the very best of service at the hiwesi
prices. Metallic caskets furnished when so desired.

(>l)en Day and Night. Teleplione, 775. Chairs for Hire <n» all 0<*< asioiis,

Arrangements can be made with us for funerals in any city in the United States, or for
transfer of bodies from one city to another.

The Peoples Co-operative Burial Association,

All persons who may be called on to bury a member of their family or a friend are res-
pectfully invited to call at the office of the Co-operative Burial Associati'ui and
examine our ceriificates representing 350 and 5100 funerals. Cerlificaies when paid
up. draw 4 per cent interest, and are transferable to any one. Cash or install, as
prefered. All of ourfunerals will have prompt attention and the best of services
guaranteed. Examine and be con vinced of your interest in the matter. Open day
and iiiglii for funeral work. Telephone. 775.

S. II. IIIXKS. Pre$^i(leiit.

and !2*^0514th Street, N. AV.

I MORRISON PAPER COMPANY,

Dealers in 10(1 Striw Wrapping Paper, Flour Sacks, Paper Bags,

Twine, Shipping Tags, Straw Board, Ice Cream Boxes, Writing and

Printing Papers and Envelopes.

Agents for Holyoke Flat and Writing Papers, Collins' Printers’ and Photographers
Cards, Chas. Eneu Johnson & Co.’s Printers Ink.

No. loog Penn. Ave. N. W.,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

The Advertisers, Subscribers and Readers

Of the Inventive Age will secure neatness, dispatch and
moderate prices on all kinds of printing by calling on

The Ao'C Printing Cniiiiiany,

Corner 8th and H Streets, N. W.

Call us uj) by Tele])hoiie. 1516. and our representative
will visit. v»)U, give estinates and take orders.

ENGRAVING AND PRINTING.

M E K C X r I L E S T A 1 1 o N I-: K V .
C.\KD Boards.

Tags .and (it'M L-\bf.ls.
Invoice .and
Stuk Files.

Printing .vnd
Binding.

BLANK BOOKS MADE TO ORDER.

Easton & Rupp,

Dealers in

i

Blank Books, Ikiper and Envelopes,
Wrapping Paper, Twines, eU\

4^1 UleveiTtlT Street, N. W.,

T. H. Alexander.

Attormy and CouuseUor at Lav:

Est.ablished 185

Arthur K. Dowell,

Att'y at Laz:\ Mcctnuiical L-xpert.

alp:xandbr & do\vp:ll,

L.vAwni{!-<,

SiOmClTORS OK KA.T'EXT'Ss.

Kooiiis: 1. 'I ami 3, TIarble BuiUliiig, <>h7 7th St., X. W., AVashiiigtt>n,
Send lor our Book on Patents.

I). r.

Shoes to
measure, $5.

We will make lo our m»'a''Urv ;i
Russet or Black Shoe in any •-liajH*
or style yf)u may >.«-jc’Ct for 55. Wv
guarantee leather, workmanship and
fit. You cant buy it any chra]H*r
ready' made. Drop in tomorn»w and
Let us measure vour feet.

WILSON,

929 F Street.

ALSITE SOLDER

ALUMihuM.

D(!es not disinteurate. The Butt joint can be
rolled, hammered, or drawn. Full ]>articulars
on application. ALSITE ALUMINUM CO..
ll>6 Libertv St.. Netv York,

The Best Kind
of an Investment.

The price of large timber tracts in the South
has increased 2')<T per cent in the last six years.
Will increase more rapidly as tracts grow
scarcer.

The Interstate Land Bureau, room +), Nation-
al Union Building. Washington, D. C.. has for
sale over 1.59G.000 acres of limber land, in tracts
from lO.iXKT to 3<X).()00 acres, in Kentucky. North
Carolina. Florida. Alabama. Georgia. Limisiana
and Texas. Prices from 51 to $8 per acre.

Also land for colonies in Southern Maryland.
Virginia. Alabama and (Georgia, (iood unim-
proved farming land in Alabama and Georgia,
easy of access to markets, from 52to55peracre.

Also coal land in Tennessee, Kentucky and
West Virginia.

Also cheap farms in Virginia and Maryland,
and choice gold mining properties in Virginia,
Maryland. North Carolina and Georgia.

Also choice properties for large or small in-
A'estors ill and about Washington. The Bureau
has reliable agents in London and Amsterdam.

AV3I. EI)(i AK IhXiEliS,

Seo'v aii<l (ien'l 'Manager.

IT. 1^.

Attorney and Counsellor at Law,

Jiuihliiig, h(»S G St., N. A\

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Practices in the Supreme Court of the United
States, the Court of Claims and the several
Courts of the District of Columbia. Has had
eight years experience in the Argument of
Patent and other cases before the Courts, repre-
senting the Goiiervment.

NOW READY.

An Entirely New and Practical
Work on Patents.

PMTllFFK’EiLWBL

Including the Law and Practice of Cases
in the United States Patent Office
and the Courts Holding a Revisory
Relation Thereto. Also, an Appen-
dix of Copyright Decisions, Etc., by
GEORGE H. KNIGHT.

The Norris Peters Company,

Photo=Lithographers,

4;'><S-4<>0 Evim. Avenue, AVashingten, I). C.

I. The Patent Franchise.

II. Decisions Relating to Patents for Inven-
tions.

III. Decisions Relating to Patents for Designs.

IV. Decisions Relating to Trade-marks and
Labels.

APPENDIX A. Copyrights.

APPENDIX B. Foreign Patents.

Table of Cases.

One Vol. 8vo. Law Sheep. I’rice 85.00 net.

Special attention given to the reproduction and printing of copies on parchment, drawing-
paper. tracing-linen, and cardboard, of Patent Office drawings for attorneys to accompany appli-
cation for patents in foreign countries.

LITTLE, BROWN 5 COMPANY,

PUBLISHERS.

25+ TVASHINGTOX STREET, BOSTOX.

152

XPIE INV

AQE.

Magnolia rietal

IN USE BY

Ei,i(ht Leadinu' (iovcrnments.

Best Anti=Friction Hetal ^

for

9 9

S|mhm1 ICiiyinr, Dvikmiio, R( >11 i i 1 1, Siuaniship, RailroaiK Saw-Mill.

Col t( >11 i 1 1, I ’api'T- i 11 , W ooluii-^lill, Silk-^Iill. Julc'-^lill, Rul)bc'r-IMill.
Suj^ar-^l i 1 1, r'lour^r^Iill aiul all Mauliiiiury IJuariiitf''.

riagnolia Anti=Friction
rietal Company,

Owners and Sole Manufacturers.

T t C-Nn'l Iji ii«lt ]N' . N'.

London Office : 75 Queen Victoria St.

Chicago Office: 51 Traders Building.

Announcement.

1 desire to announce to all mv old friends and patrons
that the removal of the Standard Endraving Com-
pany, with which 1 have been connected, in n(') way
interferes w'ith business at the old stand. 1 have with-
drawn from the Standard, and will continue in the busi-
ness. 1 have put in an entire new plant, including all
the latest machinery and appliances for executing the
finest work known to the Engraver’s art.

HftLF TONE, /iNC IND COPPER EICRING flNO REEIEE LINE

All first-class and executed promptly at reasonable rates.

riaurice Joyce.

Remember I am at the old stand

II I 1 11 »■ > <■ II 1 li .‘-s t .

Little Shoe Chat.

Must Shoe Dealer^, treat cu:,-
toiiKT.s a,-. tliouc;h they never
exiK'cted to .see tlK-in ayain.
We do just the reverse. W'
are after your ])ennaneut trade.
Every ]jair of shoes tve sell
you must be “jt'st rie-hf in
size, shajte, fit, style and dura-
bilitv — in short the best jiairof
shoes its price is ca])able of
buvin.y anywhere in America.
Let us do your shoeine-. .fust
now we are offering a number
of verv extraordinarv "drives."

Moore’s

Shoe

Palace,

810 7th Street,

(Next to Kinir'^' I'alacu.) \VASUIA(/r< >N.

WASHINGTON LOAN and TRUST
COMPANY,

t>lli tiiid 1' tSt. N. \\'.

iyii)iie\' <)ii CJ( 1 1 U I teM*« » 1
Keol

Pays Iiilfi'u'st oil 1 )«‘]>o''i I v. Has Idr saU* Su-
t II rt‘(l I n vf-siiiifii 1 s.

CAPITAL, $1,000,000.

C.ill and sfu or wrilo lo iis.

H. H. WAKNKR. Hn-sidciit.

JN(), .HfV Kl>S(>X. Vi^ r-l‘ru''i(.l(.‘iit.
dX<). A. SWOPK. dd Viur-Hivs.
JN<). K. CAKM<>!)'S', Tn-asurur.

W. H. R()HIS()N. Sft Id ar V.
AXDKI'AV 1‘AKKI:K, Ass*i Suc'y.

Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence,

PATENT

LAWYERS,

Solicitors and Experts.

602 F St., Washington, B. C.

Fstablislied 1801.

KolVroiiuo.s : l)r. da^'. C. Widliiiif. HrusidcMit
L'ol u nibiaii Uni vursity , Waslii nj/loii. 1 ). C. ;
Hon. dolin . INToi LTaii. Hon. .John T'. Heard,
(ifii. W. S. Rosfcraiis and many olliurs.
ti-l i>ook

S. DtJKIDMGS.

I K.Y.XK. C. JT-ST

DOREMUS & JUST,

414 Eleventh St., Star Building,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Model Makers, Manufacturers of Patented

Novelties and Electric Supplies.

All kinds Screw macliinu work. I>icycU*s built lo order, repaired, iiickle plaled
and enameled willi baked eiiaiiud. Gold, Silver, Xickle, Cojtper and Jlronxe Plater.

Olitiinlolioi'is XI in llio J-.

Out of town work solicited.

Il3 ]Ar ()A^ AL.

Xbe 5landapd Engrauing Company

HAS REMOVED TO THE

Central Power Station,

Rooms 562, 564, 566, 568 and 570,

FIFTH FLOOR, Near Passenger Elevators.

Fine l.iiie ;iii(l Flalf Tone luigraving.

StereotviiiiigE Electrotvpinisb

All W'orli I >t‘ 1 i > o i‘o<l XV'lifii 1’i‘om .

The National Lithographing Co.,

461 and 463 C Street, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Photo-Lithographing,

Photo- Engraving

llAkl'-T()XE KTClllNG ON COPPER; MAPS and MECHANICAL
DRAWTNOS ENLARCdd) OR REDUCED.

lM^]]SrT l)ILvVWI]SPaS,

Printed on Linen, Parchment, Drawing Paper or Card Board for PATENT ATTOk
NEYS to Accompany Applications for Patents in Foreign Countries.

All Kinds of Commercial Lithography.

Tile Washington National Building and Loan Association,

Ohio National Bank Building, Washington, D. C.

Rnr value <>f sliaresSlOO, ami Ihe holder draws that iimount in cash at matu-
rity, estimated at seven to eight years time. Cost is (>0 cents monthly or
550 i 11 ad vaiice. < >ii the latter /y/.v// are ]>aid semi-annually, a/ b

pi-y rent pi-r ainiKni on the amount paid in. Either stock can be withdrawn
any time after three months with 0 pt‘r cent and after two years with 8 per
cent. U lU'xccUi d as a Jiirtl/od of sai'ino stna/l o?' large, sttins,

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.

NV. V. Johnson, Ge/Pi Manager.

IIoii. JosiLPii D. Taylor, 7b-rv/cfr;//.

]>Iaiiiifa(*turers of

kO

IVICI

Special Tools,
Small Hardware,
Machinery.

Tile Hlailes of every Knife manufactured under this brand are guaranteed free from cracks
and not soft. ' A iiy knife not gi \ i ng satisfaction throug^h either of the above faults, will be re-
placed by a new knife at the factory.

Cor. Kossuth &. Seymore Sts., Bridgeport, Conn.

WILLETT & RUOFF,

f furkierS

91)5 Penn. Ave
near 9th St

Knights Templar Regalia.

1>. O.

Sole Agents for Dunlap & Co.’s New York Hats.
Furs Received on Storage.

T. Ib. CABELT.,

Contractor and Builder,

Cabinet tVork a Specialty. Jobbing done
Prom])tly. Estimates for Iliiildingii Fur-
nished. AVurk Contracted for on the Best
Terms. Charges Moderate.

1131 1st Street, N. W.,

Washington, D. C

Fifth Year. I
No. 8. f

WASHINGTON, D. C., AUGUST, 1894.

J Single Copies lo Cents.
I $i Per Year.

THE CRUISER “niNNEAPOLIS.”

The New American “ Fighting Machine ” the
Speediest Warship Afloat.

The modern warship has been characterized bj'
George W. Melville, engineer-in-chief of the United
States Navy as a “ lighting jnachine.” The new

something- over $4(10,000. She steamed over the
course from Cape Ann to Cape Porpoise and return
a distance of about 90 miles, at an average speed of
23.05 knots an hour. During- the homeward run
she attained the remarkable maximum speed of 25.20
knots. Until the full report of the trial board is
published the exact speed of the ship between each

kind occured. The sliip was down to her reg-istered
displacement of 7.350 tons and drew 22.7 feet for-
ward, 23.4 feet aft and a mean draft of 22 feet 8'.
inches. The average steam pressure wii.-, 100
pounds, the total horse power 20.306 and averag-e
revolutions of the screws 149 jjer minute. The
principal features of the INIinneapolis are as fol-

U. S. CRUISER " MINNEAPOLIS," THE SPEEDIEST WARSHIP AFLOAT. AS SHE APPEARED ON HER TRIAL TRIP.

cruiser Minneapolis, on her trial trip July 14th
demonstrated the fact that not least among- her
fighting qualifications is that of speed— ability- to
escape punishment as well as to administer it. She
is the fastest warship afloat and her builders, the
Cramps, of Philadelphia, will receive as a premium

(Fi-uin Cui^yriglited Phutograrli li> Wm. II. Ran, I’liiladeljiliia, Pa., 1894.)

leg^ on the course will not be accuratel_v known, but
the tidal calculations made bj' the officials on the
stake boats will show an increase of speed, making
the official record 23.073 knots instead of 23.05 knots.

On the test trip the Minneapolis is said to
have behaved splendidly and no accident of any

lows : She is the second tripple-screw war vessel
built in the United States, and has three .sets of
triple expansion engines. Slie is 412 feet long- on
load line, 58 feet molded beam, mean draft of 22.65
feet ; 7,350 tons displacement, and 21,000 indicated
{Contimicd on page ijj.)

154

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at expiration of term.

• ' Correspondence with inventors, mechanics, manufacturers,
sciiMi lists and others is i n viled. The columns of this journal are
open for the discussion of such subjects as are of jTeiieral i merest
to its iTNiders.

Ti‘chnical matter is particnlarl\' desired. We want practical
information from practical men.

Nothin”’ will be published in the editorial columns for pay.

'J'he I N VKN’ 11 VI-: is lhorou”’hly inde])endent, and has no

alliance with any palmit attorney or patent bureau. It is the
friend of the inventor and tlu‘ American manufacturer.

Advi'i tisinjr rates made known on api)lica1 ion. Special facil-
ities f<ir furni'-hiti”’ cuts of any patented article to”’i‘lher with
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tion, 7 WfH’ds to t he li ne. No advertisement less than 50 cents.

Address all communications to Thh Inveniive At;!:, Wash-
iiij'^ton, I). C.

Kutciid <1/ the Po.'^tojjicc in WasJiinoton a.^ second -chins: matter.

WASniXGTON, U. C., AUGUST. 1894.

Thic season of 1804 lias been so dry throughout
the country that the umbrella trust has come to
j^rief. A receiver has been asked for by this novel
combine.

Till'; ( )hio letfislature passed an act jirovidiiyif for
the semi-monthly ])avment of wa.yes to employees
thimuyhout the state. The State Supreme Court
has declared the law unconstitutional, as an inter-
ference with the rif^ht of contract.

In Denmark nearly all the railroads are owned by
the j^overnment, and as an indication of their excel-
lent manaiL,''ement it is said that in the last 2,8 years
only one person has been killed or injured for each
.1,. 8(1(1, OIK) passenyers transported.

TiiP publication in the < iflicial Gazette, of the
rnited States Patent ( iftice. of the list of expired
])atents has been discontinued, owiny, it is said, to
the exhaustion of available funds. The jmblication
of this list is of no yreat imjiortance, and there will
be no yenoral demand for it, even when the funds
are available.

Uaw.s for the vestibuliny of street cars have been
enacted in several states, and in IMinnesota the con-
stitutionality has been decided by the courts. In
New York the board of health h;is taken up the sub-
ject of open yri]) cars .'ind it is not unlikely that
within a few years nuitormen and yriimien in all
Northern cities will be ])rotected from the blasts of
winter, to which they are now subjected bv the use
of open cars.

Tli !■; wi ii'k of renuiviny the Wi irld's Fair structures,
beyun by the Columbia Kxjxisition Salvaye Com-
]iany some time ayo, -was sim])litied somewhat by
the incendiary con llayration of the Sth ult., in which
the Terminal, the Administrati<.)n, Mines and Min-
iny, Flectricity, iSIachinery, i\yriculture and Manu-
facturers’ buildinys were either wholly or partially
destroA’od. The famous “Dream City," as some
were ])leased to call it. now ])resents the chaacr-
teris'tics of a yenuine “niyhtmare."

Gi^ipAT national ;md international expositions
have invariably stimulated invention and resulted
in the ]ierfection of some yreat enyineeriny feat or
the discovery of a solution to .some complex scien-
tific problem. The next yreat world’s exposition will
be held in Paris in IbOl), and already the exiiosition
commission is at Avork on a proyram. In the waj' of
encourayement to yenius M. Armenyand, Jr., sny-
,yests that in I'KIO sulistantial prizes be olTered for
three tbinys, viz: seeiny at a distance, photoyrapliA'
in colors on paper, and electric li.yht without heat.
Experiments are now beiny made alony each of
these lines, but to offer suitable reward for complete
and practical development before the fair of 1900

would be the means of enlistiny, thousands in the
Avork of discoA'ery and thus make the accomplish-
ment of these much desired results more speedj' and
certain.

Evkkv feAV daA's some member of Conyress intro-
duces a bill in relation to patents. Nine-tenths of'
them are so impractical and unreasonably antayon-
istic to the entire ]iatent system that the friends of
yenuine reform and improvement in the jiatent Fiaa's
are afraid, consideriny the present temperment of
Conyress, to advocate or push the jiassaye of any
bill, or consider any measure AvliateA^er. The latest
bill is that introduced in the House by IMr. DuboroAv,
of Illinois, by request, to declare letters patent null
.and A'oid Avhen used, operated, or controlled by any
trust, monopoly, corporation, combin<atif)n , or other
conspiracy in restraint of trade and commerce
•amony the scA'cral states or AA’ith forciyn n.ations.

Tine American consul at Tien Tsin, China, in his
l.'ist report to this yo\mrnment, calls attention to the
fact that the disappearance in 1.891 of the old firm
of Kussell A Co. maked the extinction in China of
the bast of the yreat representatic'e American firms
and that as a result xVmerican imports luacm de-
creased, much to the .adv'antaye of Enyland, France
and Germany. In this connection it is jirojier to
call attention to the fact that duriny the last three
years a Avonderful incre.ase of interest in modern
manufacturiny facilities has manifested itself in
China, and there are noAv beiny established in that
empire the laryest steel and cotton mills in the
Avorld. The cost of the iicaa’ steel plant is oA’er
$.8, Odd, (11)1). The daA' is not far distant Avhen China,
Avith cheap labor coupled Avith modern yenius and
modern machinerA' AA'ill make her conqietition felt
thronyhont the ci\filized Avorld. The yroAviny ten-
dency toAvards free tr.ade in this country Avill stimu-
late the iiiA'Cstment of capital in manufacturiny in
that ]iart of the Avorld Avhere labor and raAV materials
arc the cheajiest, and Avhere the conditions do not
jioint to the eleA'ation of labor to the jilane of the
American artisan.

A.s AA’ater finds its leA'el, just so sure will the enor-
mous expense incurred in the recent strike CAmnt-
ually be loA'ied and jiaid bv all the people of the
United States, no matter hoAV remote from the
scenes of liloodshed and laAvlessness. lynoriny
alt< )yether the case of the Pullman employees ayainst
their enqiloyer, or admittiny the justness of their
cause — takiny either end of the dilemma - there Avas
no justification for the yreat strike inauyurated by
President Debs of the American Kaihvay Union, and
no reason in thedemands. ( hily a misyuided reyard
for the Avelf.ire iif the lalx.u'iny man, Avonld in the
present depressed condition of manuf.'ictnriny and
business interests, faAmr enforced idleness upon men
Avho ha\'e no yrieA’ances, real or fancied. The boA’-
cott ayainst the use of Pullman cars Avas unreason-
able and inexcusable, if for no other reason than
that it could luiA'e no possible beariny njxm the real
cause espoused bj' the Pullman employees. It Avas
injudicious and A'oid of sense, because of the fact
that throuyh its operation innocent jiersons were
made to suffer Avithout contributiny in the least to
the settlement of the real trouble at Pullman. To
insist that the A'arious r.'iilroads shall not run Pull-
man cars, is to insist on the breakiny of contracts as
inA'iolable as anv contemplated bA' the CiAnstitution
and UaAvs of our land. The destruction of a Pull-
man car 1)A' l.aAvless strikers incurs no expense tci the
Pullman Company. The expense is finally taxed
ay.'iinst the communitAN and every tax-])aA’er must
pay his share of it. The laboriny classes Avill feel
the effects of the strike more keenly than the busi-
ness or financial Avorld, because less jirepared for it.
To force thousands of honest laboriny men, Avho
have no yrieA'ances, out of employment at this time,
Avhen, throuyh natural ayencies and uniA^ersal de-
pression thousands are unable to ])rocnre employ-
ment at any price, is a crime for Avhich Mr. Debs
cannot atone. In countiny up the expense of the
strike, it Avill be difficult to estimate the loss in
Avayes and Imsiness. The direct losses — destroj'ed
propertA', damayed merchandise, delays of transpor-

tation, etc., is estimated to exceed $5,0(X),000, and
there are no substantial benefits to offset unless it
be the experience of laboriny men, and tlieteachiny
of the lesson that the control of labor oryanizations
must be conserA'atiA’’e and just, and that mere exer-
cise of pOAver is not necessarily an CA'idence of Avis-
dom. PossiblA' another beneficial eff'ect of the strike
Avill be the strenytheniny of the sentiment in favor
of some leyislation lookiny to the encourayement of
arbitration in all disayreements between capital and
labor, Avhich under perfect .adjustment Avould do
aAvay Avith strikes altoyether.

Sadi Carnot the Scientist.

The .assassination of Sadi Carnot, the president of
the French republic, rec.alls the short but brilli.ant
life the uncle for Avhom he Avas named, and of
Avhose merits the Avorld knoAvs too little. Sadi Car-
not Avas the son of the General Carnot avIio Avon
fame both as a soldier and reA'olutionary leader .and
.as one of the creators of that most be.autiful and
useful branch of mathematics, ])rojectiA^e yeipnetry.
Dorn in 1796, he entered the Excole Polytechnique in
1812 and the enyineer corjis two 3"ears later. He
afterwards became a capt.ain in the staff corps, from
Avhich he resiyned in 1828 on account of bad health,
and in 1832 he died of cholera. The last few A'ears
of his life Avere deA'oted to scientific studies. In
1824 he published a short essay — “ Reffexions sur la
puissance motrice du fere” (Reffexions on the nioti\"e
poAver of heat), Avhich attracted a’Ci'a' little atten-
tion for niaiiA' A'ears. In this Avork he deA'elo])ed the
principles upon Avhich the modern science of thermo-
dvnamics rest. His perfect reversible enyine,
Avhile purelA' an imayinarj' machine, is the standard
to Avhich Ave must refer ev'erj' heat enyine, and the
studA’ of its theoi'A' is the necessacA' jireliminarA' to
that of the steam enyine. He shoAved one thiny
that some modern inA'entors miyht profit bj' — that,
so for as fuel consumption is concerned, all exjian-
siA'e materials are equ.allA' efficient in .a he.at enyine.
For example, .an enyine usiny ether AviAuld be no
more and no less efficient than one usiny Avater,
althouyh much less heat is reejuired to vaporize a
yiven quantitv of the ether than of the Avater. In
his essaA' C.arnot accepted the idea prevalent at that
time, as to the materi.al nature of he.at, but in 1848
Sir William Thompson (noAv Lord Kel\'in) pointed
out the A’alue of his Avork, and shoAved th.at all his
rcasoniny miyht, bj’ A'erv sliyht modification, be
made consistent Avith the idea that heat is a form of
cnery_A'. That Carnot himself had a decided leaniny
to the modern A'ieAv, and alsiA a foreshadoAviny of the
doctrine of the conservation of enery3', is clearlv
shoAvn b3' some manuscripts left by him and first
published b3' his brother. President Carnot’s father,
in 1JS71. Besides notiny seA’eral methods forobt.ain-
iny the mechanical equiA'alent of heat, Avhich Avere
aftei'Avards actualU' used 113' Joule, he Avrote the fol-
loAviny : “ Heat is simjilv inotiA'e poAver (enery3'), or
r.ather motion Avhich has chanyed its form. It is a
moA'ement of the particles of bodies. WheneA'er
there is destruction of motive poAver there is at the
same time a pr<Aductii;m of heat in quantitA' precise^'
]>roi)ortional to the amount of motive poAVer de-
stroved. Reciprocally, AvheneA'cr there is destruc-
tion of heat there is a production of motive pOAver.”
Thirt3' 3'e,ars later the Avorld accepted this vieAV.
UnaiApreciated b3' his OAvn ycnei ation, he is noAv
recoynized as one of the most profound andoriyinal
of scientific thinkers.

Need of Expert Testimony in Patent Cases.

We haA'e taken occ.asion before this to critcise one-
sided expert testimoin' in mechanical matters, es-
pecially Avhen it related to patent suits, our yround
lieiny that an expert retained (\r parte Avould tAvist
facts to favor his client. It seems to be just the
same in all other matters. As, for example, some
time last year, duriny the excitement of a political
campaiyn, it Avas claimed that an official Avas a de-
faulter to the county in quite a larye sum. An ex-
]iert accountant Avas set in the reyular Ava3' to exam-
ine the official’s accounts, and he pronounced them
ipiite correct. Not satisfied Avith this, one of the
])olitical parties put an accountant at the job, and
he found them all Avrony. Then the tAVO parties
selected each an expert to make the examination,
the result beiny that one found the accounts Avrony
and the other found them riyht. At lenyth the
matter Inaviny come before a judye, he put the ac-
counts into the hands of a firm of unprejudiced ac-
countants and eA'er3'thiny Avas found to be as it should
be. Noav, it has ahways been our contention that in
patent cases the court should put an expert at Avork
on the case instead of leaviny it to be misrepresented
in every possible Avay by opposiny experts, and the
case just cited seems to fortify our position. — Amer-
ican Alachinest,

THK

v^K AOE.

NOTES AND NEWS.

Powerful Light in the World. The

new electric light to be placed in the Fire Island
lighthouse, off New York, will have the power of
450,0(1(1,000 candles.

* * »

The Xew tlunhoats. — Work on the three new
gunboats at Newport News is progressing rapidly.
They will be named respective^' the ‘'Albatross."
the “Penguin" and the “Porpoise."

» -s -if

3Iahogany Pavement. — As an experiment gen-
uine Brazilian mahogany is being used for street
paving on a portion of Rue Lafayette, Paris. The

expense is about SIO per square 3'ard.

* * »

Largest Cut Stones in the Wni’hl. — The

largest cut stones in the world are in the Temple of
the Sun at Baalbec. Many are more than sixty feet
long, twenty feet broad and of unknown depth.

» * *

Aineriean liailway ^lileage. — It is shown bj'
the Sixth Annual Report of the Interstate Commerce
Commission that the railway' mileage in the United
States on June 30, 1894, was 176,461 miles, an in-
crease of 4,897 miles during the last year.

* * -S'

Fastest Tnri)ed<> Boat in the World. — The

record of 28 knots an hour, made b}' the “Hornet,"
has been eclipsed by the new English destroyer, the
“Daring," which has developed a speed of 29X
knots. This is the highest record ever made hy any
vessel.

•5f •X’

Tho Sun’s Heat . — Additional evidence on the
subject of the supposed heat from the sun's rays is
furnished by an experiment recenth' reported in
France. A balloon, witli registering instruments,
was sent up a distance of ten miles above the earth's
surface, where the temperature registered was found
to be 104 deg. Fahr.

» * *

I*ai>er Telegraj)!! P<des, — One of the latest
uses to which paper pulp is being put is that of
making telegraph poles. Borax, tallow and a few
other ingredients are mixed with the pulp and it is
cast in a mould with a core in the center. The ex-
periment is said to have been a complete success,
and it is believed that paper poles are destined to
take the place of wooden poles in districts far re-
moved from timber.

* * »

Farly Greek Water Works. The early Greeks
depended upon natural springs and cisterns hewn in
the rock, but the insufficiency of the supply led to
daring engineering works. As early as 625 B. C. a
tunnel, 4200 feet long, 8 feet broad and 8 feet high
was cut through a hill which stood between Samos
and a coveted supply of water. Fifty or sixty j-ears
later extensive works of a similar nature were con-
structed to bring water to Athens from the hills of
Hvmettus, Pentelicus and Fames. Some of the
ancient aqueducts continue to supply Athens at the
present time.

* -X- *

l>uel Bog Illations in Russia. According to
the new arm3' regulation in Russia, disputes between
officers are to be settled b3' duels, but not until a
Court of Honor shall have passed upon the question
whether a duel is unavoidable or not. Should the
decision be in the affirmative. an3' officer declining
to accept the challenge will be dismissed from the
service. A report upon duels between officers is in
future to be made to the Minister of War, who, in
concert with the Minister of Justice. ma3' appeal to
the Emperor to stop an3' legal proceedings resulting
from the hostile encounter.

Does Flectroeution Really Kill? — Dr. d'

Arsonval, in a communication to the Paris Academy
of Sciences, states that death from the electric cur-
rent is like that in drowning, and is often onU' ap-
parent ; in such cases the treatment should, there-
fore. be like in case of drowning : he believes that
the criminals executed electrically in New York are
realU’ alive, and die onH' in the absence of restora-
tives. He cites the case of a workman in St. Denis
who was subjected to 4,590 volts, and was restored
to consciousness in a short time, although he had
been left three-quarters of an hour under the sup-
position that he was dead. He was restored b3’ ar-
tificial respiration.

* * »

Krt'eot of Tea and Coffee on I>igestion. — A

German ph3'siologist, Schultz-Schultzenstein, sub-
jected chopped boiled eggs to artificial digestion

with hydrochloric acid, adding in ditferent cases
pure water, tea and coffee. The percentage of albu-
men digested by the pure acid was 94, with the wa-
ter 92, with the tea 66. and with the coffee 61. Thus
the addition of ])ure water affected the digestion lit-
tle, but the tea and coff ee lessened it ver3' material^'.
In this experiment the egg was chop])ed into milli-
meter cubes. In a previous trial, in which the egg
was not chopped so line, the presence of tea and
cofl'ee was even more unfavorable. — ZcitscJirift fur
physioloffischc Chem ic.

•Jr ■X’ *

AVild C anu'ls. — It has been maintained 63’ main'
that there* existed no specimens of the camel in the
wild state, but a St. Petersburg correspondent dis-
putes this and sa3's : “The Chief of the Expedition
of the Russian Geographical Societ3' to Central Asia,
under M. Kozloff. has telegraphed to the Natural
Histor3' Museum of St. Petersburg that on the route
between Lob Nor and Sa-je3' the wild camel was
met with in considerable numbers. !M. Kozloff con-
tented himself with shooting six specimens, and. be-
sides the skins and skulls, he is bringing with him
one complete skeleton. I believe that at present the
museums of London and St. Petersburg are the onH'
possessors of specimens of the wild camel, which,
except in the marshes of Southern Spain, where it
is mereU' a descendant of tame ones run wild, was
pretty generalU' considered as extinct as the bison.”

^ ^ ^

Center of Poi>ulatioii. — In 1790 the center of
population in the United States was at a point 23
miles east of Baltimore. During' the first ten 3'ear
period it moved 41 miles westward to a point 18
miles west of Baltimore. During' the next period it
moved 36 miles to a point 43 miles northwest bv west
of Washington. In 1820 it was 16 miles north of
Woodstock, Va., having moved westward 50 miles
in ten 3'ears. From 1820 to 1830, 39 miles, 19 miles
southwest of Moorefield. W. Va. From 1830 to 1840,
55 miles, 16 miles south of Clarksburg, W. Va.
From 1840 to 1850, 55 miles. 23 miles southeast of
I’arkersburg. AV. Va. From 1850 to 1860, 81 miles,
20 miles soutli of Chillicothe, Ohio. From 1860 to
1870, 42 miles. 48 miles east bv north of Cincinnati,
Ohio. From 1870 to 1880, 58 miles. 8 miles west b3'
south of Cincinnati. From 1880 to 1890, 48 miles, 20
miles east of Columbus. Ohio. It will be noticed
that the greatest western jump was the period fol-
lowing the war, when the rush began for new homes
in the great AVest under the homestead laws.

* * *

Tlie Ifiid.'Sou RiviM' Bridge. — This great un-
dertaking, according- to the terms of the bill recentU'
approved bv the President, must be completed
within 10 3'ears. The bridge will be a suspended
cantilever bridge, and will cost, including ap-
proaches, in the neighborhood of 540,000,000. Its
promoters say it probabU' will be completed in four
3'ears. At the center it will be 15 feet hig-her than
the BrookL'ii Bridg-e. The bridge will be purely a
railwa3' bridg-e, wi-th six tracks, for trains of all the
railroad S3’stems now terminating on the Jerse3'
shore. It has been reckoned that 790 trains can pass
over the bridg-e in a da3'. This project looks toward
the erection of a union station on the west side to
provide a terminus for all these railroads. Accord-
ing to the compan3''s plans, it is proposed to take
two cit3' blocks, each 200x800 feet, ami bounded b3'
Fort3'-second, Forty-third and Forty-seventh streets,
b3' Seventh avenue and Broadwa3' and Eighth ave-
nue. giving an area of nearU' four acres. The
bridg-e over the Hudson river will be connected
with the station at Broadway and Fort3'-second
street 113' a steel viaduct, the average height of
which will be 60 feet, and the total length about
10,680 feet.

That Patent Office Bar.

To the discussion now going on in respect to the
suggestion of the Commissioner of Patents that
those acting- as patentagents should be qualified to
practice in the Circuit Court, we hav'e but one remark
to ofi'er, sa3's “ Industr3',” and that is that the Com-
missioner of Patents has certainly not considered,
or taken into account, that among those admitted to
practice in the Federal Courts not one in ten is
trusted with tlie conduct of patent cases tried in
these courts. The draughting of specifications, and
dealing with references that ma3' arise in procedure,
ma3', in a sense, but onU’ in a limited sense, involve
problems of law, and these when required are ver3'
fully “ taken care of " bv the officers of the Bureau.
Procedure in patent soliciting- is a technical pursuit
that should be coupled with a control of lang-uage,
and understanding of the arts, and an acquaintance
with the brief and simple laws relating to letters
patent. Court procedure is quite another thing.
There is no objection to a patent ag-ent being a law-
3'er. but how he is to learn the law and also the much
wider field of construction and technical art is a
problem.

A mixer's inch of water is equal to 9 gallons per
minute.

Device for Throwing a “Curve” Ball.

The IxvKXTiVE Age, at the sug-g-estion of Mr. C.
S. Booth, of Camp Point, Ills., throws out the .iig-
gestion to some inventive genius, or ba.-,e bah
“ crank," of an automatic device for thriAving a
“curve" ball. It is simph' an idea that mig-ht be
elaborated and taken adv-antag-c of bv some one
through the Patent Office. The scheme is .-.hown in
the accompan3-ing illustration. I’ivot one end of a
lever, in the most convenient fashion, to the jilanet
so that the lev'er will be swung on the jiivot in a
horizontal plane b3' a strong sjiring, or jjos^iblv it
would be as well to make one end of a coil fast to a
base and then make one end of the lever fast to tin-
free end of the sjiring. Attach one end of a stra]). of
a width approximating- to the diameter <jf the ball,
adjustably to the lever at a point between the ends
of the lever. Beginning at the outer end of the
strap, wrap the ball in the strap and hold the ball in
the wrapped position 113- the ]iressure of a light
spring. Then draw back the lever ag'ain>t the driv-

ing spring and let fiv. The centrifugal force will
throw the ball from its set position to the outer end
of the lever, and the unrolling- of the ball from the
strap will give it a motion on its own axis — which
motion proiluces the curve. The traveling speed of
the ball will be that of the outer end of the lever.
Now if the strap is set to project be3'oiul the end of
the lev'er, the ball will leave the lever before it does
the strap, and the strap will make a goodb3'e pull on
the ball and give it an increased whirl on its axis,
but the ball will not be thrown so far as if the stra])
did not so project.

It is believed that a mechanism of this kind can be
perfected and adjusted so nicely that the operator
(the pitcher) can send a ball with unerring- uniform-
it3' in the direction he desires it to go and with a
curve and force such as he mav deem the situation
of the g-ame requires.

Unprecedented Hording of Hold.

A writer in the Pall Mall Gazette, of London, calls
attention to the enormous accumulation of gold in
that financial center, the total amount of gold now
in the Bank of England being nearU' 5200.0(10,000, a
sum unprecedented in the histro3' of that institution.
Referring to this fact this writer states that, as
after 1857 and 1866. the Bank of England "is once
more watching for the time when the mighty torrent
of gold will again burst the dam and cause a general
ami ra])id improvement in the value of securities."
People, sa3's he, must have something for their
mone3', and the question soon must be, who is going
to set the example for going in for the purchase of
second, third and fourth-rate investments? "In
times gone b3' the same process has alwa3-s been
gone through, and it must inevitably be gone
through again. At the jiresent time there are some
thousand million sterling of 11101103'. or 55.000,000.000.
U'iiig on deposit with the London banks, and hardU'
an3' of the depositors dare to move their portion into
securities that are not gilt-edged."

Dr. \ . Haki.Ey, b3' experiments upon himself, has
found that sugar is a great muscle food. AVhen
fasting I/J2 ounces increased his working power
from 61 to 76 per cent.

The new cit3' directory of Chicago gives an esti-
mated population of 1,700,000 to the AA'ind3' Cit3'.

156

THE^ IXVE^NTIVe:: AGE

The Gilliam Hypotenuse Railway Fender.

Mr. J. W. T. Gilliam, of Baltimore, is the inventor
of a car fender combining- man3- new and novel
features. Mr. Gilliam i.s a skillful mechanic and an
inventor of some note. In considering- the question
of suitable life or safety- g-uards for street cars Mr.
Gilliam first took into account all the conditions
likelv to surround their use. While he appreciated
the objections that mig-ht be raised to a projecting
fender, still he realized the fact that the onlv object
of a fender was to save life and limbs, and, there-
fore, must be automatic and unerring- in its opera-
tion. The Gilliam fender consists of a projecting-
framework. about three feet on the right side of the
car and iiv’e or six feet on the left side, making- an
angle on ln-])otenuse line 4,s° more or less as desired.
The fender is sujiported b^- wheel.s running- upon the
r;iils in front of the car and sustaining- the butler at
a uniform distance of two ;md a half inches above

THE ('.lEElAM CAR FENDER.

the track at all times. TTpon the front end of the
framework is placed ;i belt or sjirocket chain with
gum buffers, which rotates across the track .auto-
maticallv with the movement of the car. The belt
or s^-n-ocket chain can be made from 3'. to (> inches
wide and will lift from 700 to 3,500 jxmnds easilv.
'I'wo inches above :ind three inches to the rear of the
belt is fastened a net which hangs in convex sha])e.
The (j])eration of the fender is such that in striking
a ])erson it will lirst carrv his feet laterallv from
under him, thus obvi.-iting the liabilitv, as with the
majoritc' of fenders no-sT in nse, of the feet being
turned under the fender edge and the ankles being
sprained or br(.)ken. After being- tripped bv the re-
volving butfer the person struck falls into a net the
arrangement of which will cause him to lie shifted
to one side of the c;ir out of danger. It diflers from
other fenders in that it c;in instantlv be uncoupled
from one car and attached to another, which is done
bv C0U])ling ])in.

Mr. Gilliam enumerates manj’ f>bjections to the
jiresent car fenders that are overcome in his inven-
tion. First. All fenders that <-ire att.'iched to the car
])roper, either to the sides or trucks, will raise up in

front when going- down grade, in which jiosition
thev could not be dc])ended iqion. Second. When a
])erson haslieen knocked down b_v fenders in ]>resent
use his arm. leg or clothing- are liable to g-et caught
and serious results follow before- he could be extri-
cated. Third. It is claimed that the inventors of all
other fenders have failed to take into account the
severity of winter storms in northern cities and th;it
snow and ice would interfere with their successful
\vorking-. Another point is that a trip or spring
fender is not to be relied upon because when
going at rajhd sjieed the action is not quick enough
and not at all certain in its movements. Fourth.
The Gilliam fender can be speedih' detached from
one car and attached to another in the street if de-
sired, as all parts are made detachable and sinqile.

Manj' of the fenders recentlj- patented cannot be
attached to street cars now in use without remodel-

ing- the cars somewhat. It is claimed for the Gilliam
fender that it can be attached to an^' car now in use.
Another objection to fenders attached to the frame
of the car without independent support wheels is
that when no load is on the car the fender is elevated
too far from the track, and when a load is on the car
the fender is frecpientlv too low to pass over ordinary
street jiavement projections. It is claimed b^- the
inyentor that the Gilliam fender will hold its level at
all times ;ind under all circumstances.

An ideal fender is one that is ever readv, under all
circumstances, to perform the work for which it is
designed.

The Gilliam fender is designed for all kinds of
weather and all conditions of track. It is calculated
to alwa^-s maintain its position close to the track,
and not onU- save life but save limb as well. The
jierson struck In- it will either be pushed off the
-tr.'ick ortripiied into a net where he is out of danger.
It is a fender that can also be applied to steam loco-
motives.

The Austro=Hiingarian Patent Law.

This law, as jiublished in the Official Gazette of
Julv 3rd, was elaliorated with great care and adojited
bv the ]).-Lrliaments of both countries in view of a
moditication of their customs and commercial com-
liact. A statement of its substance was published
in La Priqiriete Industrielle, Januarv 1894, from
which I abridge as follows :

1. Patents heretofore applied for or granted shall
be v.-ilid in both countries for the remainder of their
term, excejit as they ma\' be allected b^- future leg-is-
lation.

Fxtensions and declarations of invaliditj- are to be
made bj' agreement between the Ministers of Com-
merce of the two countries, taxes and fees to be paid
remaining unchanged.

If the Minister of Commerce of one part of the
Fmpire shall not consent to an extension, the patent
shall be void as to th.'it part. The same shall be the
case regarding declarations of invalidit v. A yiatent
shall be invalid for that part of the Empire where it
is so pronounced, and ma\' remain in force in the
t)ther part.

All other (piestions .are to be considered in common
b_v the two Ministers of Commerce.

2. In ap])lications tiled after Januarv 1894, the
:Lp]ilicant iiuij' demand prt)tection either in Austria
alone, or in Ilung-arv alone, or in both, and shall de- ►
])osit his applications accordinglj' : to-wit, with the
Austrian Minister of Commerce, with the Hungarian
Minister of Commerce, or a separate apjilieation
with each.

Applications for p.atent sh.all be made under the
laws now in force until new legislation is enacted.

The invention must be worked in that part of the
Empire in which it is jirotected. If protected in both
jiarts then working- must take pl.ace in both.

When the inventor desires to protect his invention
in both ]iarts of the Emjiire, he is not re([uired to hie
his a]iplications simultaneousU' in both; but bv hl-
ing- in one acipiires :i right of priority in the other
for ninety da\'s from the date of deliverj- of the
jiatent.

-){■ * *

A digest of the existing laws of Austro-Hungar^'
was published in the Official Gazette, August 26,
1873, and re])ublished Janu.ary 16, 1883. IH- that law
the inventor was oblig-ed to take two jiatents, which
were, however, gr.'inted on a sing-le application. The
liresent scheme is in the line of administr.ative se]);i-
ration lietween the two parts of the Emjiire to which
the tendency has been manifest for half ;i Centura'.

It is therefore not to be regarded so much as .a new
Jiatent law .'is an international comjiact in reg.'ird to
jiatents. F. A. Seki.v.

Success of the British Yacht.

C<immenting>- on the defeat of the Vigilant, “ Se.a-
board ” s.-ia-s ; “ Six consecutive defeats of the Vigi-

lant bv the Britannia jiretty conclusively jiroves that
the latter is the better boat. We ma\' as well own
uji to this nciw, as :it .an_v other time. And we maj'
as well comjiliment the British on the imjirovements
in yacht construction that thej- have made in the
last forty years or so, however slow their growth has
been. This much has been learned bj- the Vigilant’s
defeat: Th:it to win in British water, American
yachts must be so built as to tack quicker, and thej'
must be able to g-ather their way' more sjieedily .after
tacking-. These <-ire the two jioints wherein the
Brit.'innia h.as so far shown her sujieriority'.

Progress of Railway Building in Australia.

A recent consul rejiort shows that Australia has
one mile of railway- to e.ach 344 inhabi cants as
.against 1,888 in Great Britain and 350 in the United
States. The r.ailway-s in all the colonies, with the
excejition of one or two lines, belong to the state,
and the manag-ement is said to be highly satisfac-
tory- to the people.

THE CRUISER “MINNEAPOLIS.”

(Continued from first page.)

horse power. Another feature of the Minneapolis,
different from her sister ship, the Columbia, is that
her coal cajiacity- is 2,200 tons, while that of the
Columbia is but 2,000. If the Columbia were pushed
to her utmost, for three consecutive day-s, she would
consume all the co.al in her bunkers, whereas the
Minneajiolis could keeji it up for almost five days.
The cruising sjieed of these vessels is ten knots an
hour, at which the Columbia’s coal would last her
for 103 day-s and the Minneapolis in jiroportion.
There are three manganese bronze screws, each
driven by a separate triple expansion engine,
desig^ned by- the Bureau of Steam Engineering.
The engines have cy-linders 42 inches, 59 inches
and 92 inches diameter, and 42 inches stroke,
and the maximum steam jiressure is designed
to be 165 pounds. Each engine is in a separate
water tight comjiartment and is absolutely- in-
dejiendent of the others. The side jiropellers are
15 feet in diameter and are three feet above and 14
feet forward of the middle jiropeller, which is
slig-htly- smaller than the twin screws. The diame-
ter of the middle screw is 14 feet. The jiitch of each
projieller is 21 feet. All are tliree bladed and are
of manganese bronze. There are eig-ht double
ended return tube boilers. These are 15^ feet in
diameter and 20 feet in length.

The coal used on the trial trijj of the Minneap-
olis had all been carefully picked over by- hand,
lumj) by lumj), and not a little of the success was
due to the exjiertness of the 63 firemen required to
feed the furnaces.

The vessel will now take on her armament which
while not heavy- will not lack in efficiency- to com-
b.at vessels of her ch'iss. Her unexcelled sjieed
makes her master of the situation. It exceeds that
of the swiftest ocean greyhound, and when out-
cl.'issed by- armored vessels she can easily- get beyond
their reach. Her armament will consist of two 6
inch rides, mounted forw.ard ; one 8 inch ride,
mounted on a jiivot carriage aft, and eight 4 inch
rajiid dre guns. In the secondary- battery- will be
12 6-jx)under rajiid dre cannon, four l-jiounders,
and four Gatlings. The vessel has also been dtted
with dve torjiedo tubes. There is one on each bow
and (juarter, and one fitted in the stern.

The success of the Minneajiolis following so
closely on that of her sister shiji, the Columbia,
is a jileasing- evidence of the skill of American shiji-
builders and the coming sujiremacy of the American
navy-.

The illustr.ations .accomji.anying this sketch are
made from jihotograjihs taken for The Inventive
Ac'.e; and cojiyrighted by William H. Kau, Phila-
deljihia.

The Right of an Inventor to a Patent.

“A Jiatent right. To charg-e eighteen times what
a thing is worth.”

Thus the term, “a ji.atent right,” is dedned by
Puck, and many- jieojile will smile over it and believe
it to be an accurate dednition, says American Ma-
chinest. But it is not accurate simjily- because no
one can be comjielled to jiay- anything whatever for
a jiatented article. Anyone who chooses can go
right on doing-- without the jiatened thing just as he
did before it was invented, and he will do so unless
convinced that the jiatented thing is worth more to
him than the jirice asked for it.

It should not be forg-otten that a real jiatent is
simjily- a rig-ht to the exclusive control for a limited
time of a thing actually created by the inventor — a
thing in the jiossession of which he should be just as
inucli Jirotected as in the possession of a table or of
a machine which he has made. A man by- working
two day-s jiroduces a table, and when it is done it
ought to be his to disjiose of as he likes. If he has
no use for it himself he may- want to sell it, and if he
does he has tlie jirivilege of charg-ing-- what he likes
for it, under jienalty- of having it left useless on his
hands if he cliarg-es more than it is worth. A man
who works a y-ear or more, perhajis, study-ing, ex-
jicrimenting-- and working, jiroduces a machine which
will accomjilish things not before possible of acconi-
jilishment. If these thing-s are not desirable to
others then nothing will be jiaid for their accomplish-
ment nor for the machine, and the inventor will be
unjiaid.

We are free to admit that some abuses have grown
UJI under the jiatent laws and it is well understood
among- jiatent lawyers that these abuses could be
jirevented by- amendments plainly- needed, and which
would jirobably be made were it not for the fact that
the friends of our jiatent system fear to bring up the
matter of a g'-eneral revision of the patent laws, be-
cause they- think that the prevalent and unreasoning
ojijiosition to all jiatents, bred by- the few monopolies
that abuse their jirivilege under them, will result in
injury- rather than imjirovement.

Two-thikds of the fruits of the world is grown on
irrigated land. — Irrigation Age,

THK INVHNTIVE ^OE.

157

4. Instinctive similarities are in the ^-eneral jilan
and function, but they do not resemble at all in the
minute of structure nor in the methods of function-
ing-.

5. Accidental similarities are still more general

in their character. These have always arrested the
attention of students who are affected by first im-
pressions and they have led to much confusion in
science. (J. T. Masox.

The New Monitor “Terror.”

The construction of the new coast defense war-
ship Terror, at the Brooklyn navj' yard, is ])rogress
ing so rapidly that it is now confidently expected
that she can be added to the active fighting- force of
the navy in about ninety da^'s. The Terr<jr, when
completed, can float amid the shots of the world's
greatest ironclads. Of much the same ty])e as the
Miantonomah, the Terror is much better jjrovided
with armor, and her heavy guns will keep any enemy
at a long distance from her. She is a double-turreted
monitor, 250 feet in length, 53 feet beam, 14 feet
draught, and 3,815 tons displacement. There will
be two 10-inch breech loading- rifled guns mounted
in each of the two turrets.

The turret equipments, which are now hi place, are
a noveltv in modern naval construction. Each

turret consists of five heavy armor ])lates. Four of
these are 11}< inches in thickness, while the fifth,
that throug-h which the muzzles of the guns t)i'o-
trude, is 12)4 inches thick. The plates are of Har-
vevized nickel-steel from the works of the Bethle-
hem Iron Company.

The plates are set to form a circular turret, hav'-
ing an inside diameter of 22 feet 5^ inches. The
height of each plate is () feet 3 inches. The roof of
each turret' will be a low. Hat-like cone, 7 feet 2
inches high in the center. The turrets rest upon cir-
cular base plates and revolve with their g-uns, so
that the latter can be brought to bear on an enemy
in any direction. The plates for the two turrets
weig^h 438,(1(10 pounds, or 219 tons, and cost the g-ov-
ernnient $170,000.

The Right of Indention.

A ])rominent American inventor who ha., been a
hmg- while producing a machine wliich should, if
completed, very successfully rival those non in the
market, and which h'ltter are making fortunes for
their manufacturer, wishes tej sell •"the rig-ht of in-
vention ■’ of his device. f<jr the varitms countries
in Euro])e, for a sum in cash.

I find it almost imp<jssible to eliminate from the
minds of inventors that capitalists, especiallv in
Europe, will not i)ut cash up against wind or prob-
al)ilities ; and this complaint of regarding an un-
linished and unknown invention as a merchantable
commodity which the great cajjitalists of the
moneyed centers of the world are lying- in wait to
grasp is as. wide-s])read as it is hard to cure. I want
to save the time lost bj' inventors and of capitalists
by calling the attention of the former to what the
latter demand when access to them has been had
and their interest enlisted in something which prom-
ises well.

In the first ])lace they want to know who 3-011 are
and who introduces or recommends 3-011. From elec-
trical sugar refining up and down, capitalists have

been taken in 113- plausible
inventors or self-st3-led in-
iJ/E-yry ventors, who are nothing-

but frauds and adventur-
ers. In Europe 3-ou can
hardlv stir a foot without
g-ood letters of introduc-
tion. People here are much
more suspicious than in
America.

In the second place, the
question arises: Is the in-
vention patented? If not,
is it comjileted and readv
b) patent? (Jr, putting it
the other wa3- — is it com-
pleted? If not, is it pat-
ented read3' to be devel-
oped mecha n i c a 1 1 v or
chemicallv? An idea that
is neither patented nor in
working- shape is not a
thing, it is a possibilit3',
and when 3-ou want to sell
a man an option 3-0U must
at least g-ive him that op-
tion on some definite thing.

Third. If completed, has
the invention been tested
bv competent persons of
known probit3', and re-
ported on favorablv bv
them? This done, the capi-
talist is usualp- desirous of
submitting the matter to
his own experts, for his
own personal imformation,
or of testing it himself, if
he is capable of judging.

Fourth. Is the jiatent
still valid? In main- Euro-
pean countries a patent
must be •'kept alive" bv
pavment of annual taxes,
and "exploited" within a
given time — else it is of no
"Exploitation” consists in adopting- and
reasonable and available means to
put the invention in practical shape within the time
specified and getting that fact certified to in detail
and the certificate properU- recorded.

Fifth. Has the patent been broken bv the
introduction into the countr3- of articles made under
it in another countrv with which there are no
special arrangements? Thus if a thing is patented
in France and the inventor introduces it from Ger-
man3-, the patent falls ; but English-made, or Bel-
gian-made samples, or commercial articles mav be
brought into France without breaking- the patent.
Brussels, June 30, 1894. R. Gki.mshaw.

value.

exhausting all

A No^el Illusion.

Similarities in Culture and Invention.

The Patent Examiner and attorne3' are ever busied
with and puzzled b3’ the word “similarities,” so is
the ethnologist— the former, in order that he ma3' re-
ject patents, the latter that he ma3' know who was
the real inventor. Indeed the ethonologists are to-
da3' divided into two camps on this issue. Some sa3-
that whenever 3-011 discover two implements or pro-
cesses alike on different continents or far removed,
natural causes account for the likeness. The other
camp sa3- similia siifiilidus causantiir — likeness in
effect means identit3' of cause. The truth is some
where between the extremes.

In this stud3' of similarities we nia3' be allowed to
look at definitions and motives. Things ma3- be
similar because :

1. Made b3' the same artisan at the same time ;
example, two arrows for the same quiver, two woven
pieces for the same set.

2. The same artisan at different times ; example,
two quivers of arrows or two pieces of potterv from
the same hand. Collections of the works of the same
distinguished artisan or artist are highlv prized.

3. Made by the same faniiE-, clan, guild or other
social group in the same period or different periods.

4. Made b3' the pupils of anv of the above men-
tioned in other parts of the world. Eng-lish or
French smiths working among the fur trading In-
dians.

5. Made bv people of different race from their
teachers at the home of the former. This teaching-
ma3' be in man3' ways, but Powell calls them all
“ acculturation.” The Eskimo and Indians engrav-
ing nativ-e patterns on native art objects with Euro-
pean tools are good examples.

6. The work of people having common ancestors,
but now widel3' separated one from the other. This
is a mooted question in ethnolog-3- and in competi-
tion with the next categor3'.

7. Things made b3- peoples of different blood under
stress of

1. A common hope and mental status.

2. A common dread and mental status.

3. Under similar external conditions of material
and resources.

4. And similar obstacles and drawbacks.

Now, we are working under the assumption that
the human species is one. All men are akin, all
tribes of men are akin. A faniilv tree of the tribes
and races of mankind might be formed b3- one suffi-
ciently informed. The question of similarities, there-
fore, resolves itself into one of degrees of consan-
guinit3- among the makers.

The Eskimo throwing stick and the Australian
throwing stick are the works of people who are realh-,
though verv remotelv, akin. If these kindred peo-
ples’ common ancestors had some kind of throwing
stick before the3- separated, then we have one wav
of accounting for the facts, and the theories nia3- be
thus set forth :

1. Traditional similarity. In this the peoples
have been onh- a little while separated and the nat
ural conditions are not varied.

2. Modified similarity. The peoples have tradi-
tional similarities, but the environments are
changed.

3. Accultiiral similarities. The sejiaration has
been sufficientlv long or the conditions so varied
that the recollection of an art has died out and has
been revived bv renewed contact with members [a)
of the race that did not forget the art, or [h) with
some race that preserves it thoug-h both of the older
ones have lost it.

4. Instructive similarities. Both peoples inherit-
ing the common traits, their ancestors having lived
tog-ether until these traits were set in certain lines
of functioning, it is to be expected that under simi-
lar exigencies the3' would effect the same result.

5. Accidental siynilarities. The number of combi-
nations in tools and tool working with material be-
ing limited on this earth, we may not be surprised if
in regions or times wide apart the same tool or pro-
cess or industrial product should be hit upon. But
with regard to such the axiom nia3- be laid down
that the greater the number of similar marks the
less the probabilit3' of accidental or independent
origin. The marimba is a musical instrument of
West Africa, but it is found under the same name
among the Indians of Central America. There is
no doubt that the negroes taught the Indians to
make them. For each of these there is a sejiarate
definition for the word siniilaritv.

1. A traditional siniilaritv amounts to identit3-.
The things will be alike often in spite of material or
motive.

2. Modified similarities are changes in structure
or function clearh- due to external pressure or ma-
terial.

3. Accultural similarities are onU- loans and are
usually detected b3- their association with foreign
methods of using or foreign fundamental principles
or parts.

The New Promised Land.

The accompanving map of Canaan and the Salt
Lake valle3- strikingly exliibits the topog-raphical
similarity between the Promised Land of the Bible
times and the Promised Land to which Brigham
Young led the Mormon pioneers of 1847. In both
localities a River Jordan connects a body of fresh
water with a Dead sea, and the surrounding moun-
tain landscape is almost the same in both cases.
How much this strange likeness may have appealed
to the imagination of the Eatter-da3- Saints it is not
eas3' to sav, but it is 113- no means difficult to under-
stand how even a sentiment might take ver3- firm hold
of a people's mind, especiallv a people having just
such an historical environment as the Mormons. —
Irrigation Age.

tJne of the amusing'- attractions at Atlantic Cit3'
this season is called the Mammoth Sce-vSaw. It is
the invention of Capt. Amariah Lake, of Pleasant-
ville, N. J., and consists of a room 17x28 feet, nicelv
decorated and provided with seats for seventy-five
persons. Guests seated within seem to be teetering-
up and down when in reality they do not move at all
but are perfectH- quiet. The movement of the Imild-
ing- is said to be a most interesting- and enjo3-able
illusion.

Edmond Jui.ien, the distinguished engineer and
founder of what is known in this coHntr3' and Eu-
ro])e as the Julien storag-e batter3' s3’stem, expired
at his home in Brussels on the 5th of last month.

THE

^GE

SCIENTIFIC IRRIGATION.

Its Wonderful Progress in America and its Bene=
fit to Mankind.

Pci'plewho live in the humid area of the Ignited
States where general and ])rotractcd ]ieriods of drouth

r

WOODEN I’ll’E LINE OF DEAR

are infreipient, do not realize what a vast portion of
the public domain in the United States lies in the
arid and suh-arid regions beyond the great Missis-
sippi valley. Take a imi]) of the United States and
draw a line beginning at a jxiint on the northern
boundary about one degree west of the eastern bor-
der of North I )akota and continue south ward tlirougli
South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Indian Territory
and Texas to the Kio (Irande and some idea of tlie
vastness of the great arid and sub-arid belt can be
gained. In nine-tenths of the area of this reg'ii.m ir-
rig'ation is necessary to successful agriculture and
horticulture. The cpiestion of artificial watiu' su])-
ply becomes, therefore, one of the g'reatest problems
id' the age.

In an article on “ American and Indian Irrig'ation
Works Comjiared,” published in a recent issue of the
■‘Irrigation Age.”— the leading exjionent in the
worhl of irrig'ation and its kindred industries— INIr.
II. AI. Wilson says:

"The development of the scientific jn'actice of irri-
gation engineering in tliis ci.mntry is a tiling of to-
day. It can scarcely be said that fourteen years ago
there existed a single irrig'ation work of mag'uitude
designed on sound eug'ineering jirincijiles. Tlie art
of American irrigation engineering lias only been
developed within the jiast decade, while most of tlie
more modern and creditable works are Init a])])roach-
ing' coiiqiletion.

Dike everything' which Americans undertake, now
that they have really beg'un the development of tlieir
irrig'ation resources, tliey are bringing' to bear iqion
it their proverbial push and energy, and the advance
made in the number and magnitude of works under
construction is oiiA’ keeping pace with the skill and
intelligence displayed by engineers in overcoming'
difficulties and developing the science of American
irrigation eug'ineering. The chang'es wrought in the
])ractice of 'this science in the ])ast few years are
astounding. There are under construction to-day
numerous irrigation works, both for the utilization
of the perennial flow of streams by direct diversion
and for saving'' the storm flow of iiitermitteiit streams
by means of storage. There are completed or under
construction a dozen canals with capacities varying
from one thousand to two thousand second feet, with

bed widths of from fifty to seventy' feet, and the
lengths of the main lines of which are from fifty to
one hundred miles, with as many more miles of later-
als and distributaries. Such canals will irrigate
from one hundred thousand to one hundred and fifty
thousand acres each, and will render habitable twice
that area, each affording' on an average of forty

VAEEEY IKKKlATHlN SYSTEM.

acres to a farm, homes and suipiort for fifteen thou-
sand jieople. ( )f storage reservoirs there are a lialf
dozen completed or under construction, which will
impound from one tlioiisand to tliree hundred tlioii-

DUIEDIND A FLUME ON DEAR

sand acre-feet each, or sufficient to irrigate and re-
claim more than half that many acres of land.

The irrigation works of the United States are
second in importance to those of no other country in
the world, and while not of such magnitude as those
of India, compare very favorably' with them in mode

of construction. The area of land commanded by
works completed or under construction is second
only to that in India, and, excepting the Cavour canal
in Italy, there is no work of this kind in Europe
which comjitires in size with our modern canals.

There are six essential points of difference between
the irrig'ation wjrks of this country and those of
India. The first relates to ownership and legisla-
tion ; tlie second to the character and mode of life
of the iieojile who inhabit the two countries ; the
third to the climatology ; the fourth to engineering;
the fifth construction ; and the sixth and last to
superintendence and maintenance.

Tlie first ]ioint of difference is dejiendent chielly
on the fact that in India all land and all water be-
lling to tlie government, and that the irrig'ation
works are designed, constructed and maintained bv
the g'overnment. In consequence of this the leg'al
questions involved are comparatively few and relate
cliielly to the amounts of water to be distributed to
consumers and the right of way through improved
land. Tlie question of profit is not always iiara-
mount, and wliile tlie direct money return is often
small, the indirect return to the government is
always larg'e in enhanced revenue from the rental
of land, in immunity from famine (and the conse-
quent heavy drain on the treasury for relief and
charity), and in the general benefit to the people
resulting' from increased resources and exports.
While the people of the United States or the general
government are benetitted as is the government of
India from the last cause, the owner of the irrig'a-
tion works is not directly, as he is invariably a pri-
vate individual or a corporation. As the irrigated
lands are all under jirivate ownershi]), and the wa-
ter the jiroperty of the ])ublic until ajipropriated, the
owners of irrig'ation works do not benefit 1.13’ en-
hanced land values unless the\' jiurchase and own
land. The prioritv of right to appriqiriate water
and the ownershi]) thereof give rise to some of the
most troublesome and exjiensive legal com])lications
with wliich the Western i)eo])le have to deal. In
this counti'}' the laws ralating to the ownership of
irrig'able lands and works, the rights of waj’ have
become so voluminous and differ so greatlj' in the
various states as to create one of the most serious
inqiediineuts to the ince])tion of irrigation enter-
])rises. Direct mone^' profit is essential to any irri-
gation ju'oject in this country, and in our most suc-
cessful works this ])rt)fit has as j-et been chiefly
realized from the sale and ownershij) of land, the
value of wliich has been increased bj' furnishing' it
with a water siqiiilv, rather than from the sale of
the water develo])ed by the ]>roject.”

The benefits of irrigation, even in the humid re-
gions of the East, is commented ujion by Mr. C. A.
(Tregory in an article in the same magazine. He
sa^'s :

“The most imiiortant, iiractical, scientific and

VALLEY IRRIUATION SYSTEM.

social industrj'of our time and country is irrig'atkm.

" In humid America the extent of its usefulness
is not much thougi'ht about. It is only lately that
the irrigation jiroblem has awakened interest, and I
reg'ard it as an evidence of the aroused interest in
this subject that conventions are being held in va-

TMIi inv^kntive: aoe

rioiis states, inviting- a discussion of this subject.
Such a tliin}^- was not possilile a few years aj^o. It
shows tliat the irrig-ation idea has at last penetrated
the public mind, tliat it has fastened itself on the
mind as a matter of importance, as a matter worthy
of consideration on the part of those who largely
direct public affairs, as well as those who jilace de-
pendence on the art for their support.

The cuts indilished in connection with this ai'ticle
are taken from photograjihs of the celebrated Hear
Valley irrigation system in Southern C'alifornia.
This system was jilanned and prosecuted to comple-
tion on a magnificent scale. It redeemed thousands
of acres of arid land and turned a desert into a veri-
table paradise. The Hear X^al-
ley Irrigation t'om]iany, how-
ever, failed in December last,
which forms the subject of an
interesting’ article on the in-
vestment feature of irriga-
tion enterprises by the editor
of “Irrigation Age.” He at-
tributes the failure of the
Hear Valley Company to the
under-development of its in-
dustrial opportunities and the
over-development of its stock-
jobbing possibilities. The
company, which obtained
something like j?3,b(iu,0b0 from
confiding capitalists in New
Kngland and Hurojic, is now
attem])ting' to reorg’anize on
a $4,b(lb,()b() basis, and it is
confidently e.xpected that it
may succeed. Certain it is.

The .Nicaragua Canal.

The gre.itcst undert. iking tliat ii'i',-. f.i' i'-th. l.ii

ness worhl is the con struct ioji ol the \ !■ .1 r.i • 1 1 .1
Canal. No other enti-rjirise, not e\ en tie ,1 t..,:,.,,-
ization schemes by which (ireat I'.ritiau e-.p-. i to
open up to the civilize d world th. Dark t -ipou
says Manufacturers' Kecoril. be;-;in.' to iiu-.i iti in
inlliience uiion the destim of the human rcee .iii.j
upon the World's trade the openin-e of .1 hie hw.i \ !,■
tween the .\tlantic and tin- I'.ieitic . Senator .Mere.in
has justly styled this “tin eroNcning ■•■lor\ o.f thi .
wonderful nineteenth centur\.'' It i, difli.nlt t'-
adeipiately porfrtiy. without being ai . u.e.j of tin
wildest enthusiasm, the mavelous ( hange that 1111: ^1
inevitably follow the construction of this' anal. No
other great coniinercial enterprise which ha . evr
been ]iut throng’ll in the histor n of the u orhi ha - h.id
a more far-reaching effect than the Nii aragu.i (. anal
will have when it shall ha\’e been conijiletci',. It
construction must revolutionize the carrying’ tra.de
of the world: it will unite in closer detelopment tin
Atlantic ami Paci lie I’oasts of our country and vast! ■,
stimuh’Lte interior deyelo])nient : it \yill giye to "ur
country more of the vast conimei’i'e of the lyast a
commerce that has enriched every nation that has
ever controlled it : it will open wider markets for the
Iiroducts of our factories and f.’Li’nis ; it will < reate
throughout the entire couiitrv a growth far sui’iiass-
iiyg in magnitude the wonderful change wrought by
the constructi< 111 of the first railroads across the con-
tinent from the s\tlantic to the Pacific.

Whatever may be the result of the work of the pres-
ent Congress, however, much business may be re-

SIPIION PIPE, BEAK VALLEY IKRILATION SYSTEM.

“ The farmers in the humid region would do wiselv
to consider the ag’g’regate gain to cajiital that could
be made by great attention to irrigation. ( )ur cli-
mate is changeable, sometimes too much rain, some-
times too little rain, and rain at a time when it is of
little use to the farm and orchard. It is not sug-
gested that great canals and irrigation works should
be established in this region, but it is insisted that
drouth loss can be minimized by use of water that
lies near at hand and now .goes to waste. It lies on
the i»urface in ponds and lakes, or runs in perennial
streams, or in the earth near enough to the surface
to be often availed of by some method of lift irrigi’a-
tion. Our long summer drouths occasion g-reat
losses. Farmers may largely avoid these by even
that partial and ine.xpensive irrigation which very
many' localities make practicable. The meadows,
the gardens and orchards may lu'otitably be irrigated
in the humid region. I mean the exjiense of jn'ovid-
ing’ irrig'-atii.m for such special uses will generally
be justified by the large increase of the amount of
crojis, as well as by the evadin.g'’ of drouth losses.
Five acres, or ten, well cultivated and su])j)lied with
abundant water, will yield, in the course of ten
years, as much profit as fifty or a hundred acres
e<iuallv well cultivated but without any jirovision
for the necessary moisture.”

A CEMENT DITCH, BE.VK VALLEY I K !>; 1 1 ; .\ '1' H IN SYSTIIM.

says the edit<.)r of "Irri-
g'’ation Ag’e,” that this fail-
ure will not be the cause of
])ermanent discouragement
of capital in like enter-
prises. The Hear Valley'
system stands to day and
yvill stand in the future, as
it yvas popularly believed
to have stood in the jiast,
the true type of American
irrigation enterprise at its
best. It delivers more valuable yvater to more valu-
able land than any other system on the continent.
Its yyorks are the product of the finest engineering
ability that money can command. Its lands are in
the heart of that portion of arid America yvhere the
cultivation of the soil brings the largest returns,
and yvhere the assurance of high and rapid develop-
ment in the making of communities is the most cer-
tain.

•stricted by unnecessary delay in the tarilT tight, and
whether wise or unwise be the final decision, the
.g’liod work of tliis Congress yvill counterbalance its
bad if it puts into effect the laws yvhich will make it
possible to be, gin the immedi.ite and active construc-
tion of this canal.

Names of All Patent Attorneys.

Tlicre has rcctMilly been compiled b\ Viruiiiia \V. MidiUotoii,
ilie well ktiitwii stpnoj.rra]>lipr, a li'sl *>1 all aUoriicys }irai'liv.iii”‘
before the l^niletl Slates raieiil < M'lice. 'I'liis liule volume of
Incalculable value to iiiveiiiors, attorneys aiul manufacturers.
The clotlnbindin;^'' costs S1.5d aiul paper cover ^fl. Semi to Tin-:
INVENTIVK Age, Washington, I>. C. Kdition limited.

i6o

THE IXVEHTIVE AOE

SCIENCE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.

• ••••••

Conducted by E. 1’. Lewis.

How does a g-alvanic battery produce an electric
current, and what is the difference between a
primary and a secondary or storag-e battery?

If YOU ])ut a piece of zinc Z and a piece of copper
C in a vessel of water containing" a few drops of any
acid, the needle of a g"alvanometer Cl placed in the
circuit will be deflected, showing" the existence of an
electric current. Tliis is the simplest form of a
g'"alvanic cell.

Volta, an Italian scientist, found at the beg"inning"
of this centur3' that different metals are alwajcs at
different electrical jjoientials or levels. B_v this is
meant that if j'ou join zinc and copper, for instance,
b3' a wire, a current will flow for an instant from
the zinc to the copjier, just as water will flow from
one vessel to another until it comes to tlie same level
in both. To keej) the water flowing we must pumji
it back from one vessel to the other. In the same

waj' to keep up the electric current we must find
some means of taking" electricity’ from the co])per
plate and carrying it back to the zinc, so that they’
may never come to the same potential. The chem-
ical actions that go on in the water do this.

Water is composed of the two g’ases oxy’g"en and
hy’drogen. Het us supjiose that the eg"g-shaped ob-
jects in the diagram are molecules of water, the
white part being o.xy’g"eu and the shaded jiart
hy’drogen. Chemists believe that tlie first of these
g’ases has in it a charge of neg"ative and the
latter a charge of positive electricity’ and tliat
which unites them in the molecule of water is
probably’ the attraction between tlie two kinds of
electricity. The toji row shows the 'molecules as
they’ are in ordinary’ water, pointing" in all direc-
tions. The middle row shows them pointing like
magnets all in the same direction. The attraction
of the positive zinc and the neg"ative copper has
done this. Next the acid beg’ins to dissolve the
zinc. The acid is a combination of some substance
(sulphur, for instance, in sulphuric acid), with
o-xygen and hydrogen, and when we sav that it dis-
solves the zinc we mean that the zinc has a stronger
attraction for suljihur and oxy’gen than the hy’dro-
gen and reiilaces it. We have g’ood reasons f<n" be-
lieving that in an acid solution the molecules of
water are continually’ breaking uji and combining
again, perhaps in different pairs, dancing’ around
and changing" partners, as it were. The free hydro-
gen atom grabs the first uncombined oxy’g’en atom
that it can find, and the other disjilaced hy’drog"en
atom moves over toward the attracting" copper jilate.
Finally the last hy’drog’en atom in the row attaches
itself to the cop]3er plate. Unless the plates are
joined bv a wire the jirocess stops here, and no more
zinc is dissolved, but if they are connected by’ a wire
the hydrogen gives up its positive electricity to the
copper Jilate, and it flows over to the zinc to replace
the electricity which has gone to neutralize the neg"-
atively’ charg"ed part of the acid. Thus there are
two ojiposite processions of atoms in the liejuid —
oxy’gen carrying" neg"ative electricity to the zinc and
hy’drogen carrying positive electricity to the cojiiier,
and in this way’ the current is kept up. The bottom
row in the figure shows this, an oxy’gen atom being
attached to the zinc plate and a hydrogen atom to
the copper.

* -»

If you watch the galvanometer needle you will
notice after a while that it beg’ins to move back.
The current is running" down. The reason is that
the copper plate becomes partly covered with a
lay’er of hy’drogen atoms. These not only hinder
other atoms from giving'" their electricity’ to the
plate, but since hydrog’cn is more positive than zinc.

there is a tendency for a current to flow in the op-
posite direction. This is called polarization, and it
prevents us from using the simple cell. There are
various way’s of preventing polarization. One of
the best is used in the Daniels cell. The copper
plate is placed in a porous clav cup filled with a so-
lution of bluestone (copper sulj’)hate), and this is
placed in a larger vessel filled with acidulated wa-
ter containing the zinc plate. The hy’drogen in
this battery’ never reaches the copper plate, for it
replaces the copper in the solution, which is then
deposited on the plate, so that there is no polariza-
tion.

-X- -X- -»

If you prepare a simple cell like that in the fig"ure,
but use two copper plates instead of zinc and cop-
per, you can make what is called a secondary’
or storage cell. Pass a curient from two or three
cells throug"!! the acidulated water. It will be de-
comiiosed, the oxy’g’en g’oing'" to one plate, the hydro-
gen to the other. Disconnect the wires from the
liatterv and join their ends. The galvanmeter needle
will move in the ojiposite direction. You liave now
a hydrogen-oxy’gei"! cell, and the current will flow
until the two g’ases recombine. If y’ou use two lead
plates, the oxygen will unite with, one, forming"
oxide of lead, and the current will last a long"er time.
The ordinary’ commercial storage cell is made by’
covering two lead plates with an oxide of lead. In
charging" them with a current the oxy’g’en deposited
on one plate combines with the o.xide, forming" what
is called a higher oxide. The hydrogen on the other
plate unites with the oxy’g'’en, reducing the oxide to
metalic lead. The result is that we have two en-
tirely different plates, which will act like an ordi-
nary primary’ battery when the circuit is closed. The
current then goes in the opjiosite direction, and
carries oxy’gf’en back to the metal until the two plates
come back to their first condition.

-X- ■X' ■K*

Now you must not think because of the name that
a storage cell really stores uj) electricity. First
there were two plates just alike. Tlie electricity’
made these two plates unlike, so that they’ would act
just as two different metals in a primary’ battery’.
The electricity’ causes a chemical chang'’e, and a
chemical change in the opposite direction produces
electricity, but no electricity’ is stored up in the
plates. The only’ way’ to store up electricity’ is in a
Ley’den jar or some other form of condenser made
by’ Coating a thin plate of a non-conductor, such as
glass, on both sides with tin foil or some other thin
metal. I’ositive electricity’ on one side will attract
and hold negative electricity’ on the other, until they’
are connected by a conductor and can neutralize
each other.

^

Science has taug’ht us how we may’ make use of
many’ things that we once threw away’ as useless.
Some time ago I wrote about some Of the many won-
derful thing’s that are now made of coal tar, which
was once considered valueless. Cotton has almost
as many’ uses. Some years ago cloth alone was
made from it. Then chemists found how they’ could
convert the innocent fiber into a deadly’ explosive.
Nearly all chemical compounds with nitrog'’en in
them are what the chemists call unstable — that is,
to sav they easily’ exjilode. Cunpowder is such a
compound, made bv mi.xing charcoal and suljihur
with saltpeter, which contains nitrogen. Guncotton
is made by’ treating the cott(.m with nitric acid. It
is about fifty’ times as jiowerful as the same weight
of g’uniKJwer. Next the chemists found that the
same guncotton might be made into a harmless and
useful substance. Celluloid, of which are made
cuffs, collars, buttons, billiard balls, jiiano keys and
innumberable other things, is simjily’ g"uncotton dis-
solved in camphor by heat and pressure, after grind-
ing" it in water to a fine jiulp. Collodion is another
useful substance made by’ dissolving" the guncotton
in alcohol and ether. It is used for making sensi-
tiv’e ]ihotog"raphic jilates and as a varnish to protect
wounds.

Cotton seed, too, have their uses. Ilv pressure an
oil is obtained from them whifh is used as a sulisti-
tute for olive oil, lard and butter. By a certain
chemical treatment artificial India rubber is also
made from it. The rest of the seed, called oil cake,
is a very’ good food for stock.

Fenders for Trailers as Well as Grip Cars.

The Illinois Sujireme Court has decided that street
railway’ companies must provide fenders around the
wheels of trailers as well as g’rip and motor cars.
The decision is based on the suit brought in favor
of a nine year old boy who was killed by' jumjiing
off an Evanston avenue horse car when the car was
in motion, one of the rear wheels passing over his
body’ and causing death. The court affirmed a ver-
dict of jf5,0(X). The same court also affirmed a ver-
dict of 3^10,000 in favor of a stenographer who was
injured in falling off a car owing to her dress being"
caught in the platform of the car from which she
was alighting. E.xecution was staved on the de-
fendant promising" to at once satisfy’ the judgment.

Effects of Electricity on Our Social System.

Long" ago there was a bronze or cojiper age, and
later an iron ag’e marked a more advanced stage of
civilization. The cy’cle of time has brought back
these two ages rolled into one — the iron-copper age,
for these are the materials which are indispensable
in all industrial applications of electricity’, the pre-
siding genius of our present civilization. Specula-
tion as to the future is an easy and generally’ a
hazardous and unprofitable thing, but a little indul-
g’ence may be excusable in considering some of the
more probably’ effects of electricity on our material
welfare. Besides the more obvious industrial
changes wrought by’ it, others, indirect, but not less
potent in their effects, may’ be anticipated. During
the jiast century, owing" to the introduction of steam
and the use of ponderous and costly machinery’, the
factory system has grown up, which, together with
many’ beneficial results in the wav of enlarg’ed and
cheajier production, has had some attendant evils,
such as the formation of powerful trade combina-
tions and placing the workingmen too much at the
mercy of their employ’ers. The great advantages
resulting" from the division of labor will probably
prevent the abolition of the factory’ system, but a
reaction sufficient to check some of its evils may’ re-
sult from the possibility of economically’ running
small manufacturing plants by electric power, which
may be furnished at cheap rates by’ competing cen-
tral stations. Another result more confidently to
be e.xpected is the effect on our agricultural com-
munities. Steam railroads are expensive alike to
their builders and to their jiatrons, so that, in spite
of their comparatively rapid extension, large reg"ions
of country are now and will be for many years to
come almost as isolated as they were in the days of
the stag’e coach. But electric railways are now be-
g’inning'" to radiate from all our larger cities, and
slowly’ but surely the backwoods will recede before
them, and may’ at last disappear. This result will
be hastened if our farmers will learn to use elec-
tricity not only’ in the heavier farm work which
enslaves themselves and their sons, but likewise as
a help in the household drudg’ery’ which makes the
lives of so many’ farmer's wives and daughters little
better than those of beasts of burden. If the farm-
ers were to show a prog"ressive tendency toward the
use of electricity for threshing", grinding, sawing,
churning, running sewing machines, lig"hting and
heating", central stations would soon dot the coun-
try’, connected by’ a network of electric railways.
(Jur Country peojile would then be within reach of
social and educational influences which many of
them now lack, and would have more leisure to en-
joy them. The increased attractiveness of country
life mig"lit stop the tide of discontented humanity
now surging" into our cities, jierhaps turning it the
other way’. Rapid and cheap transit will not only
make it possible for the more prosperous classes to
have country homes, but also for the present resi-
dents of our tenement houses to exchange the miser-
able surrounding’s which have disease and crime as
their inevitable lieritage for the purer atmosphere
of the country’. If these thing’s should ever come to
pass it will not be the least of the triumphs of science
and invention. E. P. Eewis,

Deer Park on the Crest of the Alleghenies.

To those contemjjlating a trip to the mountains in
search of health and pleasure. Deer Park on the
crest of the Alleg’henv Mountains, 3,000 feet above
the sea level, oftFrs such varied attractions as a de-
lig"htful atmosphere during" both day and night,
jmre water, smooth, winding" roads through the
mountains and valleys, and the most picturesque
scenery in the Alleg"heny’ range. The hotel is
equipped with all adjuncts conducive to the enter-
tainment, pleasure and comfort of its guests.

The surrounding ""rounds, as well as the hotel, are
lighted with electricity. Si.x miles distant on the
same mountain summit is Oakland, the twin resort
of Deer Park, and equally as well equipped for the
entertainment and accommodation of its patrons.
Both hotels are upon the main line of the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad, have the advantages of its splen-
did Vestibuled Eimited Express trains between the
East and West. Season excursion tickets, good for
return passage until October 31st, will be placed on
sale at greatly reduced rates at all principal ticket
offices "throughout the country. One way tickets
reading from St. Louis, Louisville, Cincinnati, Co-
lumbus, Chicago, and any point on the B. & O. sys-
tem to Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, or
New York, or vice versa, are good to stop off at
either Deer Park, Mountain Lake Park or Oakland,
and the time limit will be extended by’ agents at
either resort upon application, to cover the period
of the holders visit.

The season at these popular resorts commences
June 23rd.

For full information as to hotel rates, rooms, etc.,
address George I). DeShields. Manager, Deer Park,
or Oakland, Garrett county, Maryland.

THE IXVEXTIVE ^OE

i6i

THOSE PATENT SHARKS.

The “Inventive Age” Commended for Its Exposi-
tion of the Frauds.

Although The Inventive Age has but fairly be-
gun its investigations and exposures of those indi-
viduals with numerous aliases and companies with
countless branches organized for the purpose of de-
frauding inventors, already' four of these disrepu-
table concerns are in the toils of the government
authorities charged with fraudulently using the
mails of the United States. Others are being cov-
ered and further action is delayed for the purpose
only of accumulating evidence that will convict.
That the efforts of The Inventive Age are appre-
ciated by inventors generally' is evidenced bj' the
hundreds of congratulatorv letters already' received
accompanied b}' indisputable documentary- evidence
of the disreputability of nine out of ten of so-called
Patent Brokers, Patent Agencies. Patent Invest-
ment, Patent Development companies and the like,
that swoop down upon the unsuspecting, and in
many instances confiding, inventor immediatelv
following the issuance, each week, of the Official
Patent Office Gazette. The article in the July issue
of The Inventive Age has been extensively- copied
and fay-orably commented upon by the press of the
country, and reputable patent attorney-s, yvhose
clients hay-e been victimized, have complimented the
stand taken by the only magazine in the yvorld pub-
lished in the interest of inventors. The more the
matter is iny-estigated the greater the outrage ap-
pears, and that Federal interference is necessary
is ey-ident from the fact that depriy-ed of the right
to use the United States mails for their fraudulent
schemes the occupation of these human vampires
yvould be gone. There are humorous as yvell as pa-
thetic features about these transactions, yvherein
the inventor buys his experience to the tune of SIO
to $50. The ease yy-ith yvhich the Patent Broker
successfully entraps the iny-entor in some instances
is supremely ridiculous, equalled only by the disgust
and chagrin of the victim of misplaced confidence.

Out of the hundreds of letters received by The
Inventive Age from inventors and others in rela-
tion to the confidence game play-ed by a score or
more of so-called Patent Brokers in the United
States and other countries, a feyv have been selected
and are published herewith.

Nor are the Patent Brokers the only enemies the
inventor has to deal with. The fraudulent and un-
reliable patent attorney is abroad in the land, and
many inventors, after paying large fees for profes-
sional services, find themselves possessed of a pat-
ent that is a patent only- in name — one that yyill not
stand the light of investigation, and one that yvhen
contest conies is found to be yvholly yvorthless. Many-
irresponsible patent attorney-s have been disbarred
from practicing before the U. S. Patent Office for
y-arious unprofessional acts and many more ought
to be disbarred and yvill be disbarred just as soon as
sufficient ey-idence can be secured.

In its fight against frauds and outrages upon the
American inventor The Inventive Age begs the
co-operation of iny-entors, manufacturers and repu-
table patent solicitors ey-eryyvhere.

RENDERING INVENTORS GREAT SERVICE.

■Washington. D. C.. July IT. 1S94.

Dear Sir : I have observed your attack upon the Patent
Brokers. You will be rendering- inventors a grreat service if you
succeed in e.xposinjr the schemes of some of those fellows who
are constantly defrauding- inventors. If I receive information
that will aid you in your endeavors in this behalf I will be g-lad
to commnnicate with you. Yours vert* truly,

J. C. Dowell.

SAVED BY THE "‘INVENTIVE .AGE.’’

Tompkinsville. X. Y., July 17, 1894.

Sir : In your issue of July I notice your remarks on Patent
Sharks. I have had communication with O. J. Bailet*, Amer-
ican Patent Agency, Chicago: Paul James Gregrory, ’Marilla,
N. Y., Association of American Inventors and several others.

I have been afraid of all of them, but was about signing- con-
tract with the Association American Inventors, of Philadelphia,
as I have a patent and wish to do something with it, but thanks
to The Inventive Age, I am not roped in.

Respectfully* yours.

j. F. Traver.

A TIMELY ARTICLE.

Boston, July 4.

Gentlemen : Your valuable paper of June number was given
to me in Buffalo a few days ago just in time to save you the an-
noyance you would have been called upon to explain what rela-
tion G. B. Smith, of Chaffee, N. Y., was to your valuable paper,
as he represents he was connected with it. Your timely* article,
“A Warning to Inventors,*’ hit things just as they seem to ap‘
pear to others. This Paul Gregory has played his hand long

enough, and it is hoped the steps that have been taken in bring-
ing him into the U. S. Courts yvill accomplish yvhat is hoped
from those who yvish to see such frauds get their just dues.
The detectives as well as the officers of Buffalo have him yvell
covered. X. J. Busby.

didn't bite.

LocKyvoOD, X. Y.. July 17, 1894.
Dear Sir : Thanks for your paper, and clipping giving a list
of frauds. Holgate was first on hand. Wanted to do me great
favors, but yvanted ?J5.00 to begin yvith.

Yours,

J. H. Andre.

IN FAVOR OF EXPOSING “SHARKS.**

St. Paul. Minn.. July 11. 1894.

Gentlemen : I notice yvith pleasure that y*ou are exposing
the Patent Sharks. Respectfully,

A. M. Carlsen.

commends the “STRIKE FOR FREEDOM."

Washington. D. C.. July 3.

Dear Sir: Replying to y*our favor of May 7th. I am pleased
to note the fact that y'ou have made a strike for freedom, so that
your paper yvill have a proper condition of independence.

Yours very truly.

William Macomber.

SAMPLES OF “shark" LITERATURE.

Camp Point. III.. July- 12. 1894.

Gentlemen: I note in my July- A(iE y-ou say you e.xpect to
continue your inquisition of patent shark theives. and that you
request samples of shark literature. I mail hereyvith. as my-
contribution, a stack of communications [letters and circulars
from twenty different concerns] from various smart men. great
companies and learned societies. I doubt if you will take the
pains to mail all these papers back to me. and b.v the loss of
them my great grandchildren will be deprived of all this evi-
dence of hoyv big a man their grandpa yvas. But their loss may-
be the gain of some deserving inventor, and I let the papers go
in the cause of giving some hounds a bad name.

Yours truly.

’ C. S. Booth.

Pound. V.t., July- 13, 1894.

DE.tR Sir: I notice in your issue for July an article entitled
“Patent Sharks," in which vou ridicule or expose the methods
and dishonest purpose of those companies that call themselves
patent agencies. I obtained a patent for Gage Brace June 19,
1894. I immediately received a great many letters, etc., from
such agencies as the Adamson Co. and several others yvhich .vou
revieyved in your Jul.v issue, among them the American Patent
Agency-, of Cincinnati, O., O. J. Baile.v, Manager, of yvhich I en-
close some letters, circulars, etc. Mr. Baile.v claims to be pub-
lisher of the “World's Progress,” a periodical devoted to the in-
terests of manufacturers and patentees, etc. (1). Will you
kindl.v tell me through .vour columns if said compan.v is reliable.
(2). Are there an.v agencies or promotors yvho yvili safel.y* and
reliably* handle patents for patentees in the United States? I
am a constant reader of your interesting paper, and^doubtless
an answer to the above question would be of much value and
interest to many of your subscribers and readers.

Very trul.v .vours,

J. F. Allen.

Baltimore, Md., Jul.v 10. 1894.

Gentlemen: 1 read yesterday your last issue and yvas very-
much pleased at the yva.v .vou scored those patent sharks. I have
letters from all of them and I yvill admit that the Adamson
Compan.v yvorked me for '$10 dollars last vear, and have had the
gall to yvrite me sey-eral letters latel.y* about my* other patents.
That man George B. Smith came near trapping me but he
didn't quite do it. Yours trul.y-,

J. W. T. Gilliam.

Expressions of Approval.

BEEN duped by StVINDLING P.\TENT .\GENCIES.

Los Angeles, C.y.L., June 15. — I yvas pleased to see y*our arti-
cle con^'erning patent exchanges-, in the June number, yvhich is
just to hand. 'I could send .vou a half bushel of letters and cir-
culars which I have received from these institutions, but it will
perhaps be of especial interest to you to receive some commu-
nications of the American Patent Exchange of Chaffee, Xeyv
York, yvho claim to publish “ The Iny-entive Age."

As I have been duped b.y* one institution of this kind, not a
thousand miles from .vour citv, I am heartil.v glad to assist in
an.v effort to e.xpose similar frauds. Had I used the money
wliich I sent to this institution for legitimate advertising in
.vour excellent paper, it is ver.v probable that ni.v patent would,
by- this time, have been sold. Yours truly-,

Benjamin F. Field.

UNGROUNDED FEARS.

Washington. D. C. — A few months ago yvhen my partner,
James T. DuBois, retired from business life, and when I was
compelled bv pressing professional duties to dispose of m v inter-
est in The Inventive Age. I yvas afraid that the journal which
yve had founded might fall into the hands of those who would
not maintain itsdignit.v aHdtone. The recent numbers of The
Inventive Age show that my* forebodings were entirely* ground-
less, and I desire to compliment and thank .vou also for the su-
perb manner in yvhich the journal has been maintained. Your
success has far surpassed m.v fondest hopes. Each succeeding
number, yvith its beautiful illustrations, and first-class articles
seems to be an improvement on its predecessor, and if this im-
provement continues at the same ratio, it will be the finest
scientific journal in the land, and I yvill be still more proud of
the honor of having been one of its founders.

Yours truly-,

Rhesa G. DuBois.

MUCH PLEASED tVITH IT.

XEyv Iberia, La., May 16. — Enclosed find money order for 51
to reneyy- m.v subscription to the lNVENTiy*E Age. I am much
pleased with it. Kespectfullv,

George C, Stanton.

yVANTS AN EXTRA COPY.

Floyd, Texas, May 15. — I like your paper ver.v much, please
send me an extra copy. Y^ours,

S. J. Williams, S. & M. E.

Inventor’s Difficulties.

The Cycle Trade Journal very truly says :

Man.v and varied are the difficulties which beset the path of
the present da.v inventor. Onl.v too often, at the very com-
mencement of his inventive career, he is unfortunate enough to
fall into the hands of a certain class of patent agents, whose
object in life is to extract from the pockets of the oftimes excit-
able and pliable clients as many fees as the depth of their
pocket will alloyv.

it is with a view of warning- inventors of existing
pitfalls that The Inventive Age has undertaking
the exposition of “patent sharks” and irresponsible
“patent brokers.” And for this reason the Age
should have the hearty- and substantial co-operation
of American inv-entors and manufacturers.

Testing Smokeless Powder.

During the last month the government has been
conducting a series of tests of rapid firing and ma-
chine guns at Indian Head, and among other inven-
tors present was Dr. K. J. Gatling, inventor of the
wonderful weapon of destruction which bears liis
name. The tests are being- made with smokeless
powder and speaking- of the wonderful energy <jf
this powder Dr. Gatling- says : •• People are not edu-
cated to appreciate the enormous revolution in future
warfare caused bt' the invention of .simjkeless p.,w-
der. Already it has made obsolete between 3, Oou.uoq
and 4,000.000 of muskets in Europe that were built
to shoot black powder, not to speak of the millions
of cartridges, all of which the countries possessing-
would be willing- to sell for a song-. Here is a vast
sum of wasted capital, but it is the inevitable result
of progress. (Jur army g-uns in this country will
soon be in the obsolete categ-orj-, for to keep pace
with the rest of the world we will have to adopt
smokeless powder too. A gun loaded with it will
send a bullet just twice as far as the black powder
does. Again the new invention changes military'
tactics entirely, for in the battles of the future
troops will never display themselves en masse to the
enemy. Open fighting, as has been customary
throug-h all the ag-es. is a thing of the past, for it
would mean utter annihilation. If smokeless pow-
der had been in use during- the late civil strife the
war between the states wouldn't have lasted ninety
days.

A rapid firing- g-un doesn't begin to fire with the
rapidity of a machine g-un. The former is usually
of one barrel and is loaded with shells. It is a g^reat
g'-un for torpedo boats, but fifteen times to the min-
ute is pretty good work for one of them. A machine
gun of the Gatling type has from six to twelve bar-
rels and with three men to operate, practically never
ceases firing, one volley succeeding another at a
speed of 1,200 discharges per minute. These three
men can do more killing than a whole brigade
armed with old-fashioned muskets. It is the ma-
chine gun, along with the smokeless powder, that is
going to make war an impossibility,”

Electric Smelting and Casting.

A recent number of L’Electricite, the French elec-
trical journal, describes and speaks in favorable
terms of a process for the electrical smelting- and
casting of metals which has recently been patented
and tried-with success in German^-. It is especially
to be commended to mine owners in those parts of
the United States where water power is abundant
and fuel is scarce. The apparatus consists of a long
air-tight smelting chamber, lined with g-lazed fire-
bricks, which furnish insulation. IVhen used for
casting- the chamber is filled with metal, and a heavy-
current passed throug-h it. In a short time — 15 min-
utes in case of iron — the metal is melted and is run
through a central orifice into molds. The air and
other gases may- be exhausted during the process,
thus avoiding- oxidation. Castings weighing over
two hundred pounds and of unusually- high and uni-
form quality- have been made. On account of the
lower conductivity- of the ores, smaller quantities
must be used in smelting, and there is some trouble
in g-etting rid of the slag. Nevertheless, the process
has been successful, g'-iving very- fine iron, contain-
ing less then 3 per cent of carbon. It is estimated
that under favorable conditions, pig- iron may be
turned out at about $8 per ton. Even when steam
instead of water power was used, it was found that
the saving of fuel by- this process amounted to Iron:
30 to 50 per cent. At Copenhag-en works have been
erected to try the method on a large scale.

How often does the ii:ipatient user of the tele-
phone. annoy-ed at the seeming unnecessarv delay of
“central" to respond, give the bell of his telephone
an extra vigorous ring, as if to emphasize his dis-
gust by- creating great noise at the " other end " of
the line. But he doesn't create any disturbance
whatever at "central.” The call of "central'’
simply- causes a little brass drop to fall, which is all
the notice required by- the operator. Few patrons
seem to realize this and frequently devote much
time to the ring^ing of the bell that appeals only to
their own ears.

M. E. S. BrCKNEK, of Shelby ville. Ky.. has dis-
covered the process of manufacturing- a glazing for
covering the bottoms of ships, which the inventor
claims will prevent corrosion and fouling. It would
be difficult to over-estimate the value of such an in-
vention. It is desired by- the merchant marine as
well as by- war vessels and Great Britain, realizing
the benefits to accrue has, it is said, offered substan-
tial reward in the way- of encouragement to inven-
tions in this line.

The German Government has decided to paint
their torpedo boats bluish-gray-, this color being,
they consider, the least visible under the electric
light.

THE INVENTIVE AOE.

162

PATENT DECISIONS.

DAILY Z'S. JONES.

This was an interference in the Patent Office: and
the Commissioner of Patents decided that Elias
Jones was the prior inventor of the wire reel, which
was the subject thereof. The Examiner of Interfer-
ences, and the Examiners in Chief held that Charles
I. Dailj' was the prior inventor, but when the case
came to the Commissioner on appeal from the Ex-
aminers in Chief he reversed their decision and
awarded priority' to Jones. This ruling- was made
on the ground of negligence bj' Daily, who con-
ceived the invention before his opponent, but did
not follow the conception up with reduction to prac-
tice. On the other hand Jones conceived later, but
was diligent in his efforts to reduce the invention to
practice ; and on these grounds the decision was
made.

REECE BUTTON HOLE M.ACHINE CO. Z'S. GLOBE BUTTON

HOLE M.\CHINE COMP.\NY.

This case was a bill in equity brought by the
Reece Co., and charging- infringement of two pat-
ents. One was withdrawn, however, before the
hearing and the case decided as to the other. No.
240.546 issued to John Reece. Only claims 5, 11, 12,
13. and 18 were in question and the U. S. Court of
Appeals declared them to be valid and infringed.
The prayer of the bill was, therefore, granted and
an injunction and order of an account was issued.
The patent was for a button hole working machine
and the question of the case was one of fact as to
the infringement or non-infringement. In arriving
at the conclusion reached the court applied the
principle of law which gives the inventor benefit of
the doubt and that which rules that the fact that an
invention met with wide spread public favor should
have affirmative weight in deciding the question of
patentability. These rules are of common use, and
have been tlie means of winning manj' a suit at
patent law.

VON MUMM ef al vs. FRASH & CO.

This case was a suit in equitj' brought by G. H.
Mumm & Co. against Frash & Co., a part}' of Ameri-
can wine merchants who sell an asrated domestic
wine and dress it in a bottle very much the same
as the wine of Mumm & Co. They styled the wine
“Extra Dry Champagne,” and used labels for the
bottles which lacked only the name of Mumm & Co.,
to make them fac-similies of that company’s label.
Quite a volume of testimony was taken and this es-
tablished the fact that the trade accepted the words
“ Extra Dry ” as characteristic of the Mumm pro-
duction only, and did not regard it as a term common
to all champagne. These being the facts together
with the manifest intention on the part of the de-
fendents to counterfeit the wine of Mumm & Co.,
the court issued an order for a decree in favor of
the complainants.

COFFEE et al vs. guekrant.

This was an interference case in the Patent Office;
and it came to the Court of Appeals of the District
of Columbia on appeal from the decision of the
Commissioner of Patents, awarding priority of in-
vention to Guerrant. The invention in controversy
was a tobacco stemming machine and one of great
commercial value. In October 1883, John C. Guer-
rant filed an application for patent on the invention,
but died in March, 1884, and his application became
abandoned for want of prosecution. His w'idow,
Mary E. Guerrant, having been qualified as an ad-
ministratrix of his estate reviewed the application
which was again abandoned April 4, 1880 ; and on
March 29, 1890, she filed the last application upon
which a patent has been granted. R. W. Coffee
did not file his application until November 7, 1889,
but contended that the operation of John C. Guer-
rant and his widow were so characterized by negli-
gence as to defeat her right to the patent as against
Coffee. This view of the case was not adhered to
by the Commissioner or by the Court of Appeals for
both held that the circumstances attending the
Guerrant family were such as to justify the delay.
This exhausts the chances which Coffee had for the
grant of a patent standing out against that of
Guerrant’s.

M'KAY Si COPELAND LASTING MACHINE CO. VS. DIZER.

This case came before the U. S. Circuit Court of
Appeals, First Circuit, on appeal from the Circuit
Court for the District Court of Massachusetts, who
dismissed the bill in equity and refused an injunc-
tion restraining the defendents from the infring-
ment of letters patent No. 197,607, issued to Cope-
land, Woodword & Brock. The patent was for a
machine for aiding the workmen in stretching and
drawing the upper of a boot or shoe over the last ;

and the Court of Appeals held that the patent was
valid notwithstanding the adverse decision of the
court below and the fact that the invention when
once complete was simple and apparently obvious.
By means of the device in question a long standing
and serious difficulty was surmounted and the value
of the invention was very great. This fact was the
cause of the defendant’s infringment, and it was
urged in their behalf that no inventive skill at-
tended the production of the invention. Such a de-
fence did not prevail, however, and an injunction
and account was ordered.

SHAPLEIGH vs. CHESTER ELECTRIC LIGHT & POWER
CO. ef al.

This was a suit brought by M. S. Shapleigh upon
letters patent No. 433,187 granted to him for a safety
cut-off. The U. S. Circuit Court for the District of
Pennsylvania, before which the cause was tried, de-
clared that the device used by the defendents was
not within the scope of the claims of the patent and
dismissed the bill with costs. The case involved a
question of fact as to the scope of Shapleigh’s
claims and it was held that they were limited to
electrical terminals each provided with lateral sup-
ports. The Chester Company had no- such construc-
tion. Therefore, the above noted decision of the
court.

GROTH ef al vs. INTERNATION.^L POSTAL SUPPLY CO.

This case came before the U. S. Circuit Court of
Appeals. Second Circuit, on appeal from an interloc-
utory decree of the Circuit Court for the Southern
District of New York, which decreed in favor of the
complaint in a bill in equity to restrain the infringe-
ment of the second and third claims of letters patent
of the United States No. 341,380, and of the first and
third claims of letters patent No. 388,366 dated August
21, 1888. Each patent was for an improvement in
mail-stamping apparatus, and each w'as granted to
George W. Hey and Emil Eaass, assignors to the
complainant. After fully considering the case the
decree of the Circuit Court was reversed, and the
Court of Appeals declared that there was no in-
fringment of claims 1 and 3 of patent No. 341,380,
and of patent No. 388,366. The claims of these pat-
ents were limited to certain peculiar features of
construction, notwithstanding the pioneer nature
of the invention and for this reason the device of
the defendants was beyond their reach. It was ar-
gued by the complainants that the claims should
be given a broad construction because of the novel
character of the invention, but the court justly held
that this, while perhaps a hardship, would not
change the scope of the claims. The decision of
the court below, was, therefore, reversed.

KILMER manufacturing CO., VS. GRISWOLD, ef. al.

The complainant as the owner of two letters pat-
ent, granted to Irving A. Kilmer, for improvements
in adjustable bale ties brings this bill against the
defendants for infringement. The first of these
patents, was No. 282,991 ; the second No. 372,375.
As to the first. No. 282,991, it was held that in order
to be sustained at all most be restricted to the precise
arrangement shown. This restriction placed it out
of the reach of the defendant’s device and nothing
was obtained for the complainant on the patent.
With the second patent the complainants were more
successful. Claim two of such patent was held to be
valid and infringed by the defendant’s bale tie,
which was manufactured under the patent to J. W.
Griswold, No. 466,563. Accordingly a decree was
ordered upon the second claim of No. 372,375, for an
injunction and an accounting, but without costs.

SHELLABERGER vs. SOMMER, SOMNER AND SOMMER.

This was an interference case in the Patent Office,
and it came before the Commissioner of Patents on
appeal by Sommer, ef. al., from the decision of the
Examiners in Chief, awarding priority to Shella-
berger. The invention in controversy was a wire
fence. It seems to have been first conceived by Som-
mer, ef. al.. and in May 1889, they put a machine in
operation, making by it the kind of fence embraced
by the issue in the interference. Soon after they
built a second machine, making slight changes over
the original one, and upon the second machine fence
material was produced of the kind described in the
issue, and of the product about eighteen rods was
sold to one Haas in June 1890, and about eight rods
to Schmutz in April or May 1890. Shellaberger
claims to antedate Sommer, et. al., on conception
and reduction to practice. On or about July 10, 1891,
E. F. Shellaberger, under the direction of M. M.
Shellaberger, the Shellaberger of this interference,
began the construction of a machine for making the
fencing which was not completed until the spring of
1892. In addition to this, Shellaberger claims to
have made the fence by hand as far back as October
1887, but this contention is only supported by the
testimony of Shellaberger. These being the re-

spective dates of the parties, the Commissioner
awarded priority to Sommer, et. al., and reversed
the decision of the Examiners in Chief, on the ground
that Shellaberger did not sufficiently prove his
operations in 1887, and was therefore forced to take
the date of 1892, which was far behind that of Som-
mer, et. al.

PHILADELPHIA novelty MANUFACTURING CO., VS.

■WEEKS.

This was a suit by the Philadelphia Novelty Manu-
facturing Co., against Albertus A. Weeks for alleged
infringement of letters patent No. 226,402. dated
April 13, 1880, and 274,941, dated April 3, 1883, both
issued to Isaac W. Heysinger, and relating to what
are known as stapling machines, being small tools
for inserting and clinching wire staples near the edge
of superimposed sheets of paper. The case comes
to the U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Dis-
trict, on appeal from the Circuit Court of the U. S.
for the Southern District of N. Y., the court below
having dismissed the bill. In regard to patent No.
226,402, the court held that in view of the state of
the art, it was limited to the specific structure
claimed and was not infringed by a machine which
lacks a part of each device specified in the claims as
essential. As to the remaining patent, it being for
improvements in stapling machines, consisting in
altering the size of the guide-clips so as to permit
the staple driver to be inserted both cross wise and
length wise, and so as to give sufficient room to
drive a staple with a projecting eye, it was held to
be void for lack of invention. Accordingly the
decree of the court below was affirmed, with costs.

Accidental Inventions.

Some of the most successful and remarkable en-
gineering enterprises have been claimed to owe their
existence to circumstances which, when considered
in themselves, seem far to trivial to have produced
such important results. Though opinions be divided
as to the first transmission of power by electricity,
for example, it has been strenuously maintained in
some quarters that accident, pure and simple, was
the cause of the great discovery, and an interesting
story has been told for many years of the attending
circumstances. This is to the effect that at the In-
ternational Exhibition at Vienna, in 1873, the
Gramme Company exhibited two dynamo machines
for plating purposes. One of these machines was
in motion, and a workmen who noticed that some
cables were trailing on the ground thinking that
they belonged to the second machine, placed them
in its terminals. To the surprise of everybody this
second machine immediately began to turn, and it
was then discovered that the first dynamo was
driving the second. It would be strange, indeed, if
there were not other versions of this story, and, ac-
cordingly, we find several somewhat different ac-
counts, from all of which, howe ver, it would appear
that the development of any measurable power in a
machine taking its supply of electricity from a
primary dynamo was something wholly unexpected
and correspondingly startling.

Closely analogous is the narrative of the origin of
one of the most successful foundry blowers now in
use, according to which the inventor was attempt-
ing to construct a water motor which persistently
refused to go round when the water was turned on.
In the determination to learn what was wrong a
belt connection was made with a line shaft so that
the motion of the machine might be studied. By
the same means a reverse motion was given to it,
and the way in which it threw the water, and, after
the water had been exhausted, drove a current of
air, suggested an entire change of purpose, and the
machine was finished and put on the market as a
blower instead of as a water motor, and thousands
have been built since. The story, often told, with
various modifications of detail, serves as an addi-
tional illustration of the fact that inventors fre-
quently stumble upon success in entirely unexpected
directions. — Gassier' s Rlagazine.

Emerson’s Oklahoma Puzzle.

A new puzzle that promises to rival “Pigs in the
Clover” has made its appearance. It is the inven-
tion of Chas. A. Emerson, of Oshkosh, Wis., and is
called the Oklahoma Puzzle. It consists of sixteen
pieces, similar to chess pawns, which occupy six-
teen spaces arranged in two squares, connected by
the seventeenth space which is vacant. The puzzle
is to move eight dark pawns to the square occupied
by the eight white ones and vice versa. As there is
at no time but one vacant space on the board and as
the moves must be forward all the time; the puzzle
is quite difficult.

Under the direction of Charles B. Brush, engineer,
borings have been begun for the purpose of deter-
mining proper locations for the piers of the New
York and New Jersey bridge.

THB INVENTIVE AOE

163

NEWS CONDENSED.

July 1. Seven strike leaders were placed under arrest in

Chicag‘0, and nine were arrested at Hanimond, Ind The

Federal frovernnient appointed special counsel, and will take
active steps to enforce the carriajre of mails on railroads affected

by the strike in the west The funeral of President Carnot

at Paris was made an occasion of the trreatest display of its

kind ever seen in France 150 anarchists have been arrested

at Rome, and 50 at Paris.

July 2. — A sweeping" injunction ajrainst strikers was issued

b.v the U. S. Court in Chicag-o The State militia went into

active service in the State of Illinois on account of the strike.
Federal troops were ordered out in Colorado, to <juell min-
ing disturbances A war cloud hovers over Corea, between

China and Japan.

July 3. — The new mill of the Vermont Marble Company,

Proctor, Vt., was destro.ved by lire : loss, 5100,000 The jury

in the Prendergast case, having found the prisoner sane, the

murderer will be hanged July 13 Messrs. Edwards 6:

Schriver, W ashington newspaper correspondents, were indicted
by the Grand Jury for refusing to answer questions in relation
to the connection of certain congressmen with the Sugar Trust,

before the Senate Investigating Committee Nearly all the

railroads leading from Chicago are blocked b3’ the strike, and
the Federal troops have been ordered out.

July 4. — Richard Croker returned from abroad Ex-Gov-

ernor Edwin 11. Winans, of Michigan, died at Hamburg, Mich.

The Democrats of Kansas nominated David Overme^’er

for Governor, and adopted resolutions in favor of free silver

Hudson. Mass., was visited by a S350,<XX) h re A special

session of the U. S. Grand Jury was called at Chicago, with a

view of indicting strike leaders Russia protests against

Japanese interference in Corean affairs.

July 5. — Several men were killed in a riot at Butte, Mont., on

account of the displas'ing of an A. P. A. sign in a saloon

Michigan Populists nominated A. W. Nichols for governor

Sioux Cit\’ strikers stoned the militia, and in Chicago more
Federal troops were ordered out, and much railroad property*

was destroyed b.v the strikers The British government is

tr.ving to prevent a conflict between China and Japan M.

Aguste Burdeau was elected President of the French Chamber

of Deputies The Black Plague still rages at Hong Kong

The death of Sir Austin Henrv Layard the explorer and

archoeologist is announced in London.

July 6. — Several hundred cars were burned by the mobs in
Chicago, and the firemen prevented from extinguishing the

flames President Cleveland received a protest from Gov.

Altgelt against Federal interference in the labor troubles.

July 7. — The mob was fired on in Chicago by the State Mili-
tia, and a large number of persons were wounded An order

w’as issued b\’ (ien. Schofield, placing the Union Pacific and
Northern Pacific Railroads under control of the United States
troops Kell3’'s 350 Comnionwealers disbanded at Ports-
mouth, Ohio Congressman Marcus C. L.vle, of Kentucky',

died at Winchester, K3’ The Hawaiian Constitutional Con-

vention ordered that the Constitution of the Republic should be
proclaimed on July 4.

July 8. — Coxe3'ites to the number of 40() under Jeffrey* left Du-
luth on a scow, towed b3’ a tug for Buffalo In a pitched

battle between the regulars and mob at Hammond, Ind., one
man was killed and four persons injured The total num-

ber of deaths from the plague at Hong Kong is 24,634 . . . .Cholera
still continues in St. Petersburg, 141 new cases and 52 deaths
being leported for the past week.

July 6. — Federal troops were ordered to the Coeur d’Alene

mining regions A majorit3’ of the Chicago trades unions

resolved to strike Wednesda3’ unless the railroad strike is set-
tled before that date President Cleveland issued a procla-
mation of warning to rioters The Pullman Conipan3’ re-

fuse to arbitrate, maintaining that there is no (jnestion for
arbitration The Britannia beat the Vigilant the third time.

July 10. — The strike in the National Tube Works, at Mc-
Keesport, Pa., is ended, the men returning to work Debs,

Howard and other American Railwa3' Union leaders were in-
dicted and arrested for conspirac3* in Chicago, and released on

$10,000 bail each An order was issued b3’ Mr. Sovereign

to the Knights of Labor throughout the countrv to strike

U. S. Troops have been ordered to Sacramento, which has been

under mob rule for several da3's An improvement in the

railway service in Chicago is noticed The Britannia again

defeated the Vigilant in a race for the Corinthian cup on the
Cl3’de.

July 11.— The appeal to the Knights of Labor to strike does
not meet with general response, less than 15,060 members of

allied trades going on the strike in Chicago The strikers

at Sacramento wrecked a train, killing the engineer and three

soldiers, and seriously injuring" four others Knute Nelson

was renominated for Governor of Minnesota b3’ the Republi-
cans, and the Populists nominated S. M. Owen Gen. J. B.

F r3’e, U. S. A. retired, died at Newport R. I Earthquakes

in the vicinit3' of Constantinople are said to have caused the
loss of 200 lives The Britannia again defeated the Vigilant.

July 12.— Geo. H. Williams, Professor of Inorganic Geolog3’,
at Johns Hopkins Universit3’, Baltimore, Md., died at Utica,

N. Y The authorities take a hopeful view of the strike

The Britannia defeated the Vig^ilant for the sixth time.

July 13. — The proposition of Mr. Debs to declare the A. R.
U. strike off providing the general managers would take back
the strikers, was refused b3’ the (General Managers Association

D. C. Knowles, D. D.. was nominated for Governor by the

Prohibitionists of New Hampshire Two men were mortall3*

wounded b3' the regulars who fired into a mob at Sacramento

Patrick Engine Prendergast, was hanged at Chicago for

the murder of Ma3'or Harrison, Oct, 28, 1893 Erastus Winien

was released from the tombs in New York on $30,000 bail.

July 14. — The trial trip of the Crusier Minneapolis, proves

her to be the fastest war vessel afloat President Debs

sa3's he will continue the strike indefinitel3’.

July 15. — Indianapolis strikers wrecked a freight train of 30

cars Trains are running on the Southern Pacific again.

July 16. — B3* the explosion of the caisson of ammunition at
Chicago, four Federal Cavalr3 nien were killed, and eight

wounded Pullman strikers are said to be inclined to return

to work The Vigilant was again defeated b3' the Britannia.

July 17.— Debs and other A. R. JJ. leaders were arrested on
the charge of violating an injunction of the Federal Court July

2. Refusing to give bail the3- were sent to jail The bill to

permit Utah to hold a Constitutional Convention, and be ad-
mitted into the Union as a State, was signed bv the President

The election in New South Wales resulted in the defeat of

the government, and the return of 58 free trade, 39 protection

and 28 labor members The Vigilant defeated the Britannia

for the first time.

July 18. — Gen. Carey was nominated by the people’s party of
Mass. — .The Committee on Suffrage of the New York State

Constitutional Convention, voted against woman suffrage

Hawaii was proclaimed a Republic on Jul3’4 Since JuU’

1st there have been 1,500 cases of cholera in $t. Petersburg.

July 19. — Clifton R. Breckenridge, of Arkansas, was ap-
pointed Minister to Russia, vice. Andrew D. White, resigned

.North Dakota Republicans renominated Johnson, and

nominated Roger Allin for governor Indictments against

50 strike leaders were found 1^3* Federal Grand Juries at Chicago

and St. Paul The Federal troops were ordered withdrawn

from Chicago.

July 20. — Central Market block in Minneapolis burned : loss,
$500,000 The Britannia again defeats the Vigilant.

July 21. — Birmingham, Ala., was visited 1)3" a $50<),<XH) fire

The strike has been declared off indefinitely at Sacramento,
Little Rock and Butte In the tenth race the Vigilant de-

feated the Britannia.

July 22. — President Debs and other A. R. U. officials issued
an address to the ]>ublic asking that Pullman cars be bovcot-
ted Membersof the Industrial Armv in camp at Washing-

ton, who are detected in begging are being arrested.

July 23.- — The hearing in the A. R. U. cases at Chicago was
begun Gov. Tillman, «)f South Carolina has issued a pro-
clamation to open the State liciuordispensaries August 1st

Comnionwealers are being sent to jail at Washington for beg-
ging on the streets It is announced that the Kedive of

Eg3’pt is to marr3’ the daughter of the late Sultan of Turkev'.

July 24, — Fire destr4i3'ed the Knox express companv building,

Washington ; three firemen were killed bv falling walls A

caucus of Democratic senators failed to result in agreement 011

the tariff bill Senator Hill made anotlier speech stronglv

condemning the senate tariff bill.

July 25. — Gen. Coxe3' deserts the comnionwealers and sa3's he

has business at his home in Massillon Debs was let out on

bail and the case p()Stponed till September Senator Cul-

lom's friends won in the Springfield Republican Convention....
Jerre Simpson was renominated for Congress.

July 26. — Exciting scones in the U. S. Senate: the Democrats

lose Mr. Irbs', but gain Mr. vStewart on the tariff measure

Maj. Win. H. Upham was nominated for L’"overnor b3’ the Re-
publicans of Wisconsin The North Dakota Democrats de-

cided to fuse with the Populists on state ticket, with e.xception
of congressman, governor, attorne3'-general and judge of the

supreme court Hostile operations betv een Japan and

China ovei the Corean question were begun; the king of Corea
was taken prisoner bv the Japanese.

July 27. — News of the sinking of two Chinese transports by
the Japanese war vessels was received : about 1,2<X> Chinese
troops were drowned By the refusal of Senator Stew-

art to vote the tariff bill was saved from defeat on tie vote and

went back to conference The final splice of the Anglo-

American Telegraph Compan3"’s new cable was made The

Democrats of North Dakota nominated F. M. Kinter for (Gov-
ernor and N. G. Larimore for Congress ; Bud Reeve unani-
mousCv nominated for Congress first as a joke, will also run as

a straight Democrat The French chamber passed the anti-

anarchist bill.

July 28. — A locomotive in Chicago was shattered b3" a bomb

and two men seriousU' injured The case against President

Debs and others was appealed to the U. S. Circuit Court of Ap-
peals It is reported that the deaths from the Plague at

Hong-Koiig numbered 120,000 James Mulligan of '* Mulli-
gan Letters” fame died at Maynard, Mass Forest fires

rage in Wisconsin and manv lives were lost near Phillips

Troops are still recjuired to protect trainmen on the Coeur
d’Alene division of the Northern Pacific railwa3'.

July 29. — It is said England favors China in the present crisis

The report that the Wellman exploration part3' were lost

in denied...,^. ...The cause of the caisson exjilosion in Chicago

was defective shells The business portion of Belle Plain,

la., burned; loss $450,(XH).

July 30. — Fire in Minneapolis, Minn., destroyed 25,iXXl,0(X‘) feet

of lumber covering an area of 20 acres Senator Voorhees,

illness was pronounced more critical A meeting of the

conference committee on the tariff bill failed to agree and the
breech seemed wider than ever.

July 31. — Another naval battle between the Chinese and
Japanese fleets was fought yesterda3', Jul3' 30. After a fierce
fight the Chinese ironclad man-of-war Chen Yeun, the largest
and most recentl3' built ship in the Chinese navy, was sunk and
two cruisers built 1)3* the Armstrongs at Elsewick were captured

b3’ the Japanese NearU' 1,<XX) comnionwealers around

Washington are reported to be in a starving condition and
maiyv are leaving the camp; refusing to work, the citizens de-
cline to give alms to them and the police arrest them for beg-
ging; the rank and file now admit that the scheme of marching
to Washington was foolish and unfruitful.

Famous Mosque Destroyed by Fire.

The great nio.sqiie of Damascus that was destro3'ed
b^' tire a short time ago was one of the most noted
structures in the world. The great mosque stood
near the castle. It occupied a quadrangle 163 3'ards
long by 108 wide. Along the north side was an
open court surrounded by- cloisters resting on pillars
of granite, marble and limestone. The mosque
itself extended along the whole southern side, and
its interior dimensions were 431 bj- 125 feet. In
the center was a dome resting on four massive pil-
lars. Underneath was a cave in which tlje head of
John the Bajjtist was said to be preserved in a
g-olden casket. The mosque had three minarets,
one of which was 250 feet high, and upon it, accord-
ing to Moslem tradition, Jesus was to have descended
on the da^' of judgment. Round the mosque were
traces of a court 1,100 feet long b^- 800 wide, encom-
passed b}- colonnades similar to those of the Tem-
ple of Herod in Jerusalem and the Temple of the
Sun at Palm)a‘a. Authorities have thought it
highly- probably- that this was the site of the Tem-
ple of Rimmon, mentioned in Second King's, v, 18,
and that it became in after time the seat of the wor-
ship of Jupiter. In the fourth "century- it was con-
verted into a church and dedicated to John the
Baptist, and in the beg-inning of tne eighth century-
it was seized by- the followers of Mahomet.

Anotlier Bullet Proof Coat.— Rifle balls that
would have penetrated 20 inches of pine were suc-
cessfully- resisted by- the new bullet proof coat in-
vented by- W. F. Leonard, of Brookly-n. It is claimed
that the invention of Mr. Leonard is superior to that
of Herr Dowe, of (Germany, in that it is much lig-hter.
It is believed, however, that neither of tliese inven-
tions would be practical in actual warfare, because
of their cumbersomness.

The huge log's, of which the IVashington state
building at the IVorld’s Fair at Chicago, was built,
have been removed from those grounds. The logs
will be taken to France, where a building will be
erected in imitation of the one at Chicago.

Books and Hagazines.

ELI-XTKICIT V O.VE IICXIlKKI) YkAKS AOO ANI) 'r<.-I,AV. Willi

co])iims notes and extracts. Ily Edwin J. Houston. Ph. IJ.

Princeton . New Yorlr: 'I'he W. J. J(dinsi(,n Cornpant.

Ltd., 253 Ilroadwat'. Id') jjapes, illustrated. Price -rl."".

In tracing' the historv of electrical science from
practically- its birth to thepresent day, the authortif
this work has, wherever jjossible, crjiisulted original
sources of information, and he was fortunate to
liave at his disposal for this purpose the e.xcellent
library- of the Franklin Institute, which contains
perhajjs the most comjjlete collection of scientific
publications of the last century- to be found in tliis
country-.

As a result of these researches, several revisions
as to the date of discrjvery- of some important prin-
ciples in electrical science are made necessary. For
example, it is found that Sir Humphrey- Davy- was
anticipated in the discovery- of the electric arc by-
many others, and, in fact, did not claim to have
been the first to discover the brilliant effects of the
arc. l^roper credit is g-iven to Gilbert for his in-
ductive methods, and in an appendix several writers
are quoted to show that Bacon has been honored
above his merit in this respect.

tVhile, as the author states, the compass of the
book does not permit of any- other than a general
treatment of the subject, y-et numerous references
are g-iven in foot notes, which also, in many- cases,
quote the words in which a discovery- was first an-
nounced to the world, or g-ive more specific informa-
tion in regard to the subjects mentioned in the main
portion of the book. This feature will be found of
interest and value, for oftener a clearer idea may- be
obtained from the words of a discoverer of a phe-
nomena or principle than is possible through other
sources. The work is not a mere catalog-ue of sub-
jects and dates, nor is it couched in tecenical lan-
guage that only- appeals to a few ; on the contrary-,
one of the most admirable features is the agreeable
style in which the work is written, its philosophical
discussion as to the cause and effect of v-arious dis-
coveries and its personal references to g-reat names
in electrical science. Much information as to elec-
trical phenomena may- also be obtained from the
book, as the author is not satisfied to merely- give
the history- of a discov-ery- but also adds a concise
and clear explanation of it.

•» * -K-

The Electrical World, New York, has donned a new
dress — ty-pe very- similar to The Inventive Age —
and, of course, handsome.

* * *

The “Tradesman,” of July- 1st, published at Chat-
tanooga, Tenn., contains an interesting article on
“Cotton Seed and Its Productions,” illustrating the
various methods of reducing the cotton seed for
practical uses from the plantation to the gin. The
seed, which for eighty- y-ears was thoug-ht to be
practically- worthless, and was an incumbrance to
the cotton planter, is now known to be of g-reat and
of constantly- increasing- value. The business of
manufacturing its various products is adding an-
nually- more than $40,000,000 to the wealth of the
South, and only- a small part of the y-early- crop is
now used by- the mills.

* * *

The form of “Paper and Press,” published by-
Wm. M. Patton, Philadelphia, has been changed,
and it will hereafter appear on the news stands of
the country- each month as a current mag-azine of
printorial literature and art. The field of --Paper
and Press” has been broadened and the contents of
its July- issue indicate a determination on the part
of the publisher to invade the realm of illustrated,
art, literary- and technical magazinedom bey-ond
that limit suggested by- its name.

■Jf- /f -Jf

The Electrical World entered upon a new volume
with the July- issue, and the character af the matter
and the excellence of the illustrations is only- equal-
led by- the evident prosperity- of this well-known
technical magazine. The publishers, W. J. John-
ston Company-, New York, announce, as an induce-
ment to introduce the mag-azine in new fields, that
for fl the magazine will be sent to any- address un-
til December 1st next.

* *

“The New Science Review,” is the name given to
a magazine published at Philadelphia by- J. M. Stod-
dart. Its aims are set forth in the publisher's an-
nouncement: “While y-ielding to none in the scien-
tific value of its material, it strives to present it in a
popular sty-le. It does not assume that the reader
already- has an esoteric acquaintance with the matter
in hand and starts from that standpoint — it supplies
him with a standpoint : it explains before it demon-
strates. Thus it occupies a position midway- between
the ponderous scientific journals and the lighter
magazines.”

164

THE INVENTIVE AOE

Advertisements inserted in this column for 20
cents a line (about 7 words) each insertion.
Every new subscriber sending- $1.00 to The In-
ventive Age will be entitled to the Age one
year and to five lines one time free. Ad-
ditional lines or insertions at reg-ular rates.

pOR SALE.— My U. S. Patent No. 521,(»42, June
^ 10. 1SX4. Lantern or Lamp Extiiig-uisher.

A novelty in its line: manufactured at small
cost. C. W. Cottrell. Washaug-al, Wash.

pOR SALE. — A new patent for sale, 525.000, or
* 512.500 and Royalty: Inexpensive to manu-

facture: half a million to the rig-ht man if
placed on sale at once. Address. S. M. Flint.
Worcester, New York.

pOR SAl.E. — Patent No. 522,20(i, Rotary Steam
Eng-iiie; the most economical and powerful
eng’ine ever invented: perfect. sini])le and re-
liable. For full information. Address, J. A.
Johnson, Holmes City, Minn.

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 511.839, Driving- and
* Steering- Action for Cycles; motor can be
aj)]jlied to a two or three wheel conveyance, also
will serve as a brake on a trolle.v c.ar, or any
either car. and instead of destroying- power the
‘'momentum*' made by stopping- the car will
save nearly all of it by using- the brake. The
power can be used for a circular saw and in a
hundred other ways. The New York Tribune
illustrates and describes this ttovel invention
and expresses its belief in its practicability. It
is an ing-enius arraiig-ement for storing- power
when a vehicle is on a down grade that will be
available for use to assist in up grades. Mr.
Ford desires to interest some capitalist and
practical business man in the invention and to
that end invites investigation. Address, Wm.
H. Ford, Shelton, Conn.

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 520.4<.i0, issued May
29, 1894, Kitchen Cabinet; will sell entire
rig-ht U. 8.. by States or divisions, cheap for
cash or' satisfactory terms. Best household
article known: a novely: can be made cheap.
Address, Minnie S. Thomas, Waterville.Wash.

pOR SALE.— Outright or State rig-hts, pat-
ent granted Se]>teniber 2(), 1893. No. SOS.blO,
Improved Fruit Drier; thoroughly tested, good
testimonials. Address, A. Jones, Pratt and
President Sts.. Baltimore. Md. 8-10

merit: one that is practical. Address A. He-
lander. Sisters Hospital, Los Angeles,' Cal..
Box 438.

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 522,490-Ice-Cutter.
* The most complete and useful machine of
the kind ever invented. Correspondence wanted
with ice dealers. I have a mone^’-saver — a
thoroug-hly practical power cutter. Address,
.T. (L P. Putnam. Claremont, N. H.

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 51(>,393, Attachment
* for securing Storm Saslier, Storm Shutters
and the like to the outside of Window Frame.
(Cost to manufacture) 40 cent? per doz. J. D.
Johnston, Newport, K. I.

pOR SALE. — Allen Braced Wire Fence. New
■ patent using bridge princijiles. Strong
and simple, slate and county rig-hts. Circulars
on application. J. E. Allen, 53 Ross St. Wil-
liamsport, Pa. 8-9

pOR SALE. — I have invented a process for
* glazing the bottoms of ships thus making
them impervious to the action of the elements
that now c(wrade and foul vessels. Will sell
half interest. Write for terms. M.L.S. Buck-
ner. Shelbyville, Ky.

pOR SALE. — Or on ro.valty an A No. 1 Caliper
■ and Divider Adjustment. Address Arthur
Munch, 653 E. 5th St., St. Paul. Minn.

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 48(i.944; Milk Stool.
* Has been thoroughly tested with good sat-
isfaction. Will sell entire rig-ht or state rights.
For further particulars address, R. W. Sh:iw,
box 575. Lapeer. Mich.

pOR SALE. — Door Lock, No. 506,792. Pat. Oct.
* 17, 1893. Will sell for a reasonable price,

either a state, royalty or entire rig-ht. Chas.
P. Nixholm. Hecla. Beaverhead Co., Mont.

threshing machine. It is automatic : a great
improvement over the old kind ; has been
thoroughly tested. Write for particulars. A.
Van Houwling, Leig-hton, Iowa.

pOR SALE.— A good patent. An improved
^ Fl.v Brush, patented Jan. 20, 1891, useful in
every famiLv especiall.v in South and Western
States, No. 444,963. Will sell cheap for cash, or
entire patent or part. For price and particu-
lars address Mrs. J. Russell, Tabor, Iowa.

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 521,351. Automatic
^ Boiler Feeder; patented June 12,1894. If
not sold this 3’ear, '94, will manufacture and
sell myself. Address Henry J. Weisser, 244
Chestnut St., Pottstown, Pa.

pOR SALE. — By the patentee, recent patents
^ for Sight Speed, Recording Speed, Record-
ing and Pressure Gag-ues, Fire Sprinklers, Do-
mestic Creamer3*, Electric Car Elevator and
Elevator Machines. Geo. T. McLauthlin, 120
Fulton St., Boston, Mass.

BUSINESS SPECIALS.

Advertisements under this heading 20 cents a
line each insertion — seven words to the line.
Parlies desiring to purchase valuable patents
or wanting to manufacture patented articles
will find this a valuable advertising medium.

VV/^ANTEI). — Twent.v plants e’^tablished in the
^ ’ Eastern States, with $15,0CN').00() capital, to
manufacture and sell the California Metahc
Carriag-e Hubs or W’’heels. Send for description.
Wells H. While. 506 S. Main St., Los Angeles,
Cal.

ANTED. — Correspondence with inventors
desiring- seamless articles made. On re-
cei])t of full description will submit estimate
and send sample of a new material. Address,
J. B. Kittredge, Westfield, Mass.

VV/’ANTED. — To correspond with some one
^ ^ ^ having- a good patented article, small and

practical; with a view to manufacturing and
introducing- same. Address, Lock Box 12,
Galhner, Nebraska.

\\/'ANTEI>. -Correspondence with capitalists
seeking- an investment in sornethi ng- prof-
itable and pt*rmanent. having from 51.000 to
510.1HK) t(j invest will do well to en<|uire. Ad-
^r^ss, IL.^o. 212 Locust Street. St. Louis, M<n

■\\/ANTED— To purchase a g-ood patent, some
small novelty 4)f merit or m()tiev saving-
or labor saving- device with price within reach
of all, to sell on royalty. W, H. Harmon, 2129
IMadison Ave., Kansas Cit\-, Mo.

Y\/ANTED. — To sell or |)lace on royaltv.
Paper File : holds any number from 500
to 10,000. Anv paper can be reni()ved and re-
placed without interfering- with anv other.
Best ever invented. Address A. Armstrong,
Bo.x 141, Noblesville, Ind.

\\/’ARNIN(j.— Do not manufacture or use that
’ French Hand Cultivator .advertised in the
Philadelphia Rec(»rd IMa^' 24. It is an infringe-
mont on my patent, 444,366. ad vertised in Inven-
tive Age, March 22, 1892, and in American In-
ventive Prog-ress, Indianapolis, 1893. F. T.
Neilsch, Houston, Texas.

Electric Flashes.

The long- distance telephone line will shortly
connect New York with St. Louis.

The caihtal of the Western Electric Com-
pany, Chicago, has been increased to $3,500,000.

(las pipes down less than two weeks in a sec-
tion of St. Louis were found to be practically
ruined by electrolysis.

The bill granting a franchise for the Boyn-
ton Bicycle Kailroad between Boston and Low-
ell finally became a law.

A regulating socket has been devised and is
now in use, whereby an incandescent lamp can
be turned down like a gas burner.

About 100 miles of street railway now operated
by horses in the southern portion of Chicago,
are now to be eiiui])ped with the trolley system.

The town of Union, Mo., is lighted by elec-
city conducted from the Westinghouse station
ten miles distant. The loss in transmission is
estimated at less than S per cent.

The amount of light absorbed by the different
kinds of g-lobes used around arc lamps has
been found to be 3t!per cent with clear g-lass, 52,
per cent with g-round g'];iss,and h9 per cent with
opal glass.

The dam on the Colorado River, about three
miles above Austin, Te.xas, which is to furnish
1110,1X10 H. p. for electrical transmission to that
city, is completed. Bonds for $1,SU0.0(X) have
been issued to construct the dam and plant.

The 200,(XlO,O00 candle power searchlight lately
erected at Sandy Hook for coast defence pur-
poses was subjected to a number of tests b,v the
Ordnance Board, U. S. A., and proved satisfac-
tory as a means of Hash sig-nalling between
Sandy Hook and New York City, a distance of
over sixteen miles.

While in the United States about 60 per cent
of all the street railroads are worked electri-
cally. representing about 7,5(X) miles of roads
with about 17.0(X) cars in use, there are, at the
present time, in operation in Europe only about
360 miles of electric street railroad, with an
eciuipment of 720 cars.

Mr. W. H. Patton, of Chicago, is the inventor
of a new street car motor. He employs a gas
eng-ine to drive a generator, which’ in turn
charges a set of accumulators for supplving
current to the street car motor proper. ’The
inventor claims that he can operate cars under
his system at one-half the expense of maintain-
ing' an overhead trolley st'steni.

Articles for incorporation have been filed
with the New Jersey .Secretary of Stute for an
electrical railway corporation with a capital
stock' of $10,000,000. The scheme of the new
company is the establishment of a vast trolley
system connecting New York and Philadelphia
and absorbing all the existing trolley roads in
Central New Jersey. The corporation, which
will be known as the New York and Philadel-
phia Traction Company, will, it is said, control
quite 1.000 miles of track. The system will
carry both passengers and freight.

Who Has Back Numbers of Inventive Age?

The Inventive Age wants the following
back numbers and will be pleased to pay all e.x-
pense of postage.

1889— Nos. 1, 2. 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, IS, 17, 22
and 24.

1890— Nos. 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40,
41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, and 50.

1891— Nos. 51, 52, 54. SS. 59. 64, 72, 73, 76.

1892— Nos.— 67, 78,81, 88, 94.

1893 — Januar3-, May, June and July issues.

Advise us by postal in advance of what num-
bers you will send and we tvill forward stamps
for mailing.

The Inventive Age,

Washington, D. C.

AFTERHATH.

The Trenioiit and Suffolk mills at Lowell,
Mass., emplo.ving 2.000 men, will start up ag-aiu
on the 13th inst.

The Wag-ner Palace Car Company, on ac-
count of slack work, discharg-ed 238 men from
their Buffalo works.

At New Castle, Pa., the tin plate mill started
up Julv 1st with 300 hands. There has been
trouble in procuring- billets.

A NEW conipanv, with a capital of 60.000.000
francs, has been formed in Paris to cari^’ oh
the Work of the Panama Canal.

The Pose.v Underwood s.vndicate closed the
purchase for Hie Ibex mine in Millard count.v,
Utah, for 5135,000, and will erect a smelter at
Oasis, Utah.

WiLFORD II. Smith, of Greenville, Miss., and
Shipley Brashers, "Washing-ton, D. C., have
been disbarred from practice before the United
States Patent Office.

Thf Cramps, of Philadelphia, were so elated
over the success of the cruiser Min neapolis that
an order was issued g-iving- the 5,000 emjflo^'ees
a holiday' with full pa\'.

The bill providing- for the admission of Utah
as a state has been sig-ned b.v the President and
the Senate Committee lias also reported favor-
ably on Arizona and New Mexico.

And now there is a g-lue trust, all of the glue
interests of the United States having been con-
solidated under the name of the American Glue
Company, with a capital of $2,100,000.

The AVilliams Palace Car Compatyv, capital-
ized at $3,000,000, will immediately begin con-
structing cars in St. Joseph, Mo., to compete
with the Pullman and AVagner companies.

The House Committee on Judiciary has seen
fit, for reasons just a little obscure, to report
ag-ainst the bill granting a charter for an elec-
tric high speed railway between AA^ashington
and New York. The majority* hold the meas-
ure to be unconstitutional.

An order has been issued directing the exam-
iners to witlihold from issue the application of
the prevailing part.v in interference cases for
thirt\' daj's from the date of the final decision,
in order that an appeal may be taken to the
Circuit Court of Appeals for the District of Co-
lumbia if desired.

There is at present being constructed at Con-
stantinovka, in South Russia, a large iron and
steel works with a capital of $2,000,060 b,v the
Donetz Forges Co. The works will include a
large Bessemer steel making plant, a rail roll-
ing mill, foundr.v forge and an eng-ineering
shop. The plant will, it is expected, be but in
operation this year.

Notwithst2\nding the uncertaint.v and de-
lay of tariff legislation there has been, since
the end of the recent railroad strike, a general
resumption of business all over the countr\’.
Not on an extensive scale it is true, but a better
feeling- exists, more confidence is noticeable and
if Congress will speediU’ ad journ — even though
no tariff bill is passed — business will soon re-
sume a normal condition. Trade is iniijroving
and abetter feeling prevails all over the coun-
try.

The figures relating to railway bankruptcies
during the first half of 1894 are interesting-. In
the last six months receivers have been ap-
pointed for 23 companies, owning 2,988 miles of
road, and representing- bonded debt and capital
stock aggregating $260,101,000. This makes a
total in the last 18 months of 97 railwa.v com-
panies, owning- nearly 32.000 miles of road and
representing- more than $2,<XX),000.000 in bonds
and stock, which have g-one into the hands of
receivers. This number of roads, added to the
number in receivers' hands at the end of 1893,
makes a total of 152 railway companies now
operated by the courts.

The fate of the tariff bill is still in doubt.
The hostile attitude of the President to the Sen-
ate amendments to the House bill and the fail-
ure of the conferees to agree thus far, compli-
cates matters to such a degree that predictions
are not at all reliable. The Senate Finance
Committee, backed by a Democratic majority,
indig-nantl\' refused to accept the President’s
advice and the bill was sent back to the Confer-
ence Committee. The Senate aniendments
placing- one-eig-hth of a cent differential on
sug-ar at the behest of the sugar trust and tak-
ing- iron and coal out of the free list are the
amendments of the Senate most strenulously
opposed by the House and the President.

An Extraordinary Offer.

The Inventive Age has made arrange-
ments wherein" it can furnish the complete set
of AVorld's Fair views — 220 in all — at a nominal
figure. These views are not cheap wood cuts
but fine half-tone cuts covering- ever^v important
feature of the greatest of the world's exposi-
tions. The Inventive Age one j^ear, and this
set of views will be sent to any address, postage
paid for $1.35.

Still another great offer is that of the Peo-
ple’s Atlas of the world — maps and statistics
corrected up to 1884 — 124 pages — maps of ever^"
state and everj* nation — a complete Atlas, with
over 300 illustrations, usual price $3 to $5. AVe
will furnish The Inventive Age one year and
send the Atlas to any address, postage paid for
$1.35. Reliable agents wanted in every county
in the United States. Send for terms to
The Inventive Age,

AVashington, D. C.

INVENTIVE AGE BUILDING.

PREMiuns to subscribers.

Read the following- offers to new sub-
scribers:

OUR $1 OFFER.

The Inventive Age one year and two
copies of anv patent desired, or one

cop_v of any iwo patents $1 OO

The Inventive Age one year and a list
of SO firms who manufacture and sell
patented articles I OO

The Inventive Age one year and Allo-
graph map of the Cit_v of tVashington 1 OO

The Inventive Age one j-ear and a five
line (35 words), advertisement in our
“Patents For Sale,” or “Want” col-
umn, one time 1 (X>

For $1.

The Inventive Age and any one of the
following Scientific books:

How to Make Electric Batteries at
Home, fully illustrated, by Edward
Trevert.

Evert'body's Handbook of Electricitj-,
illustrated, by Trevert.

How to Make a D3 iiamo, by Trevert.
Practical Directions for Electric Bell
Fitting and Electric Gas Lighting,
bv Trevert.

Eliiiu Thompson’s W’hat is Electric-

OUR $1.35 OFFER.

The Inventive Age one .vear and Jo-
seph Allen Minturn’s famous book
“The Inventor's Friend," indorsed by
such high authorities, as Dr. Gatling,

Clem Studebaker and others, $1.35

Book alone 50 cents.

The Inventive Age one year and any
one of the popular and instructive
books as per offer in another column,
under heading of “ Popular Scientific
Books." $1.35

The Inventive Age one 3'ear and any
one of the "Excelsior Edition of Stan-
dard Poets," mentioned elsewhere in
this magazine. $1.35

The Inventive Age one year and a copy
of "Picturesque AVashington," 260 pp.,

136 illustrations, Stilson Hutchins’ fa-
mous book, former price $2, sent to

any address in the United States $1 35

(K5" See another column for other offers.

OUR $1.50 OFFER.

The Inventive Age one year and Robt.
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ventors " $1 50

Address all communications to

THE INVENTIVE AGE,
AVashington, D. C.

Low Rates to Denver, Col.

The Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Co. will sell
round trip excursion tickets to Denver, Col.^
from all points on its lines east of the Ohio
River, August 8th, 9th and 10th, valid for return
passage on trains leaving Denver August 19th,.
25th and September 13th.

The rate from Baltimore and AVashington
will be $47.40 and correspondingly low rates
from other pt)ints.

Passengers taking the B. & O, have a choice
of routes, going- via Pittsburg, Akron and
Chicago; via (irafton, Bellaire and Chicago, or
via Parkersburg-, Cincinnati and St. Louis;
double daily service of express trains, with
Pullman sleeping and dining cars on all routes*

Summer Vacation Tours.

The Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co., now has
on sale at all its offices east of the Ohio River a
full line of tourist excursion tickets to all the
lake, mountain and sea-shore resorts in the
Eastern and Northern States and in Canada*
These tickets are valid for return journey un-
til October 31st. Before deciding upon your
summer outing it would be well to consult the
B. & O. Book of "Routes and Rates for Sum-
mer Tours." All B. & O. Ticket Agents at
principal points have them, and they will be
sent post paid upon receipt of ten cents, by
Chas. O. Scull, General Passenger Agent, B. &
O. R. R. Baltimore, Md.

“Tips to Inventors.”

This is one of the most instructive and useful
tvorks for mechanics and inventors. Its author
is Robert Grimshaw, M. E., and the book, cloth
bound, retails for $1. The Inventive Age for
one year and " Tips to Inventors " will be sent
to any address for $1.50

THE TXVl

^OE

CLASSIFIED list of Patents issued during tlie mouth appears iu each issue of the InvEnTivB Ac.E, ■which keeps inventors posted in the art iu which they are

mostly interested. The full address of any patentee, and number of patent found below sent to any address on receipt of one 2-cent stain]). We will

send, postpaid, to any address, printed copies of any II. S. patents, with specifications and drawings, upon receipt of 20 cents for one cojiy ; 35 cents for t\s o
(opies; 50 cents for three copies. (See premium offer elsewhere iu this issue.) Address THE INVENTIVF) AGE, 8tii and H Sts., W.vsjiixgtox, D. C.

LIST OF PATENTS

GKANTED FOR INVENTIONS,

JULY 3, 1894.

[See note at head of this list.]’

Alnlominal supporter. B F Gitldin*;.
Abtloininal t^nyiporter. 31 A Woods.
Advertising device, aerostatic. N Burgess.
Alfalfa track cleaner. W 1’ Harris and W K
I> Allen.

Amalgamator. E .T I’owell.

Ammonia, apparatus for obtaining-. L
Sternberg.

Axle, vehicle. W H Bustin.

Baling ]'res.«! attachment, J J Hiser.

Ball and .socket joint. 31 Walker.

Band cutter and Ecder. C von Riesen.
Bearing for connecting rods or links, adjust-
able. W and F Brockliau.'ion.

Bearings with loose rollers, guitle for. .1 W
Hyatt.

Beil, liospital. A Ilelaiider.

Bed, p 'itablf folding. S C Wherry.

Bicycle. S White.

Bicycle gearing A I) Anthony.

Bicycle traveling case. E Andrews.

Billiard cue tip fastening. A Schneiiler.
Bimetallic plates, manufacture of. E Martin.
Blotter, ink. F S Budge and II E Huolittle.
Boiler feed. H J Weisser.

Boiler feeder. H C Lunge
Boiler fnrnance, smokeies.s. E Healey, B
Williams, and E Longmeyer.

Boiler furnace, smokeless. J 3Tyerscough.
Boiler beads, machine for making. I B
Davis.

Boiler setting, regenerative. G S Strong.
Boilers, oil iniector for steam. G J Nopper.
Bolt lock. H P Brown.

Bolts with threaded or gimlet ])oints, machine
for providing. W R Willmr.

Bookbinder, tempoiary. '1' 3Iaus.
Bookbinding strips, machim- for applying,
J I Knight.

Books and carbon .sheets, holder for mani-
told J S 3Icl)otiald.

Boots or shoes, means fur attaching imlia-
ruhher, Ac., to the soles of. 31 Menier.
Bottle stopper, valve. J H Gault and 0 F
Schrader.

Buttles, device to prevent fraudulent tilling
of. N W Crandall and E A Russell.

Box strap. A' chinelz.

Bracket. J U Barry
Braiilinj machine. J 3I(“rahey.

Bridle bit. AV C Wittmann.

Brush. .1 A Sunipsell.

Burglar alarm, window s]irii)g for. .1 Steiner.
Button. A J Sliipley and T R Hyde, Jr.
Cabinet, street vender’s. I) P Pinson.
Ca'endar holder. L (t Fnise.

Can body forming niacbine. F 31 Leavitt
and ,I G Hodgson.

Can beading niacbine. E Norton and J G
Hodgson.

Can «)pener. C and C W Hult.

Can testing machine. .1 G Hodgson.

Car coupling. F .Fobert.

(’ar coupling. G A Tlieobald.

Car fender. A L Clarke.

Car fender. AV' A' ( deary.

Car fender and brake. H M.iass.

Car fender, .safety, I> Hardiug and AV' L
Fit/Jiugh.

Car, hand. T Talbot.

Oar, trolley. H J Ijycett.

Carburetor. G H Burrows.

Carburetor. 31 AV Ile.s.

Carburetors, air supplying apparatus for. G
H Barrows.

Card frame or mount, .f P Odgers.

Car[>et sweeper. K H R;iym<>ud.

Carriage tops, lock proji joint for. L G
Mayer.

Carriage wheel. 31 A’ AVoncher.

Cartridge E D Bniinard.

Casli register and indicator. C Price.

Casks, machinery for manufacturing. T G
Stevens and J Baker.

Channeling maciiine. H C Sergeant.
Charring tool for ornamenting wood, Ac. J
F Krueger.

Cliisel. J .A Arthur.

Cliisel, mortising. J .V Arthur.

Churn, ceiitrifngai. K E Kvenden.

Chutes of coal or ore docks, couuteriialaucc
mechanism for. R W Ericson,

Circuit bri'aker, electric automatic. C AV
Larson.

Clock sash. A 31 Lane.

< ’loth napping maciiine. II S and T II Greene.
Cloth napping macliiiie, K SehweineHeisch.
Clutch Coupling. J B Allfreo.

Cock, self luliricatiiig stop. E 31 Dart.

^’othn lid hinge and fastener. AV 0 Laiigenau.
Coin holder. F F .Vrmitage.

Com sorting aud packaging device. F E
.\ rniitage.

Comhiistiuii of fuel, smokless. 31 31 Arm-
strong.

Cooker, steam. AV E Beveridge.

Cooling or coudeusing aiiparatus. G A Bar-
nard.

Coping. .1 D Davis.

Cotton press. W S Liddell.

Cranberry gatherer. J 31 and S B 3Iuody.
('rate, shipping. J Z Taylor.

Cream separator, centrifugal 2. G 31 .Ander-
son.

Current'motor, alternating. J F Kelly.
Current motor, alternating. AV Stanley* Jr.
Currents, producing continuous motiou by
alternating. ‘ J F Kelly.

Cutter sb'eve, rotary. 1131 Loonier aud C
G^Beliuer.

Damper. U 31 Hermance.

Decorating material. P 31 Ileerwagen.
Dental abrading or cutting tool. AV S How.
Dentarap[iaratus. AV AVriglit.

Dental articulator. G K Bugby.

liental bite jilale. AV S How.

Dental engine angle attaelimeiit. C II Davis.
]>ental engines, abjustable bracket for. A
W Browne.

Deoxidizing or oxidizing apparatus. A B
Kittson aud A B Browne.

Derailing block. M 3IitcbelL
Dish cleaner. G I 3IeCarteu and A R Dicka-
son.

Doubling frame stop motion. E Richards
ami R Lucas.

Drainage bin and cluite. T Cianey.

Drum or radiator, heating. J L Reid.
Electric circuits, distributing hoaid for. R
Herman.

Electric converter 2. G I) Burton and E E
Augell.

Electric machine, alternating current dy-
namo. h Thomson.

Electric machine, dyuanm. C E Scribner.
Electric maciiine or motor, dynamo. 0 S
Bradley.

Electric machine regulator, dynamo. C E
Scribner.

Electric switch. J A'an A'leck.

Electric wires, self lucking cleat for. E
Nashold.

Electrode, secondary battery. AV Alorrison.
Electrotypes or stereotypes for printing,
making curved. J H Ferguson.

Elevator guide sheave. N P Otis.

Elevator safety device. AV P Kidder.
Engines, starting appliance fur coini>ound. D
A AViglitnian.

Eraser, blackboard. J D Kious.

Expansible cutter. J H Calkins.

Fats, making edible. J H Filbert.

Fence, wire. L J Ives,

Feme, wire. J J Sbalvey.

Ferce. wire. F F Shallaberger.

Fertilizer, mineral E Gulick.

File case. I> Sexton.

Filter. S B Commino-s and 7) W Field.
Filter, water. A F Cook.

Fire alarm, automatic. C A Mann.

Fire alarm signal system, auxiliary. J
Sachs.

Fire apparatus, door opener for. 1) II
Burke.

Fire kiudler, automatic. H H Saiiiier.
Fireproof coustniction. W L Caldwell.
Kisherman's reel. F A'’ de Beni.

Fishing apparatus, electrical. E Poiipu-
witsch.

Fishing reel. J S Freeze.

Flanging or hemiug edges of tin plates, Ac.

Alaeluue for. J G Hodgson.

Floor aud floor block. T A Lee.

Floor construction, tirejiroof. T A Lee.
Fbuir bolt, rotary. L Ilertzler.

Flower holder for llourists’ use. S 31
Flint.

Fruit gatherer. H M Rahim.

Fumigator, poultry. B Coddington.
Furnace. A\' Freakley.

Furnace, A Jay.

Furnaces, automatic device for feeding me-
gass. AV P .Abell.

Furnace.s, furehearth for smelting. 31 W
lies.

Fuse, electric safety. J Sachs.

Gage. C B Bosworth.

Galvanic battery. F FuIIner.

Garbage receptacle. J I> Hoiiseinau. Jr.

Gas governor. AV 0 Ludovici.

Gas governor, automatic. JJ Myers.

<Ia.s making apjiaratu.s 2. J W Kenevel.
Gases with liijuids, apparatus for mixing.
C and F Bartelt.

Gate ami registering mechanism. S Brown,
t Jb'Ve fastener. W B H Dowse.

Gold and silver from their solutions iu
i'uta.ssium cyanides. Abstracting. A\' D
Johnson.

Governor, centrifugal. L O'Hara.

Grain, Ac., apparatus for cleaning, II
Jones.

Grain conveyor, pueumatic. F E Duckliam.
Grain conveyors, delivery ap[*aratus for
pneumatic. F E Buekhaiii.

Grate. 0 Brandt.

Gully catch pit and trap. J Phillips.

Gun, breech loading break down. A H
Fox.

Halter, rope. T Doble.

Hame attachment. .1 A Spain.

Harrow, lever adjusting. W E Smith.
Harrow, spring tooth. AV E Smith.
Harvester, corn 2. R Pedei-sou.

Hat box. J Weber.

Hates, veueering C A'ero.

Head rest. A A\’ Browne-
Head rest. W E Hunt.

Heater. H 0 Cowdrey.

Heating apparatus, but water. S N Mnr-
gittioyd.

Heel. (J L Schrader.

Hinge, awning blind. A Howes.

Hoist winding mechanism. AV H Liiuhay.
Hominy mill. R G Jeiickes.

Hook and eye, F AV Wall.

Huoji Haling and bending machine. J
Pleukharp aud T Schramm.

Hor.se blanket. A F Ransom, (reissue.)

Hot air furnace. G T Finley.

Hot air register. R S T Oissel, (reissue).

Hot air register. AV 31 Dyas.

Hot water heater. W Vanderiuan.

Hub band. J 31aris.

Ice cutter. J G P Putiiam.

Ice loweriug apparatus. C I Foster, (reis-
sue.

Impact tool. J F Clemeut.

Insect powder duster. T Nagide.

Insulating material, rnanufaidiuing. A F
Tinnerholm and 0 F Peterson.

Insulator. R 3Iace.

Jib sprit. G Hook.

Kitchen cabinet. AV H Phenice.

Knitting machine, circular. H A House-
man.

Knockdown table. S J Liu-ashevski.

Ladder, step. B A AVrigbt.

Lamp, eb-ctric arc. Earn! F W Heymaiin.
Lamp, electric arc. J F K ester.

Lamp, electric are. A Scliweitzer.

Lamp, electric arc. A AV' Smith,
hamplightor. F Ferguson.

Leatiier waxing maciiine. E Gnay.

Letters or otlier designs on card board,
feiniing. C 1> A'assiliades.

Liijiiid dispeii'^ing apparatus. \V' 31 Fowler.
Lock. J J Ridgway.

Locomotive ash pan. H R Walker.
Lucomotive draw I'ar. P l.eeds.

Log carrier. R E Terry.

Loom. A\’ G Connell
Lubricator. W II Hallock.

3Ianifoldiiig apparatus gage. L 31 Banuaii*
3Iaiiuel motor. 31 Johns<tn.

3Iarking tool. L Schaefer.

31attress and bed pan, combined. G C
Di'Ugherty.

3Ieat cutter. AV' Koenen.

31etallic powders, E Huber and J Sachs.
3roistening apparatus, centrifugal air. G
Joseidiy .

3Ioth proof bag. .1 AVeinludmer.

3Iotion, machine for converting. J P Buck-
ley.

31ower. T S Brown.

3Iiisic or other books, apparatus for turuiiig
over leaves of. VV' Coates.

Necktie bolder. E Staelin.

Negative retoucliing aiiparatus, C Ilorn-
berger.

Nut lock. II Henderson.

Oar, AV' W Fraker.

Oar, bow facing. I I> AVrigbt.

Ordnance tiring meclianism. J B G .V
Canet.

Oil can. J H Qnackeubu.di.

Ordnance recoil check. J B 0 .A Canet.
Ores, process of and meclianism fur smelting.
C 31 Allen.

Organ. R Hope Jones.

I’ackiiig. AV J Ellis.

Paper box covering niacliines, chuck for. I
Dreyfuss.

Paper, making transparent transfer. 31
Pfaffenzeller.

Pajter pulp boards in imitation of natural
Wood, making. AV N Carnell.

Parasol for baby carriages. VV' A 3Iari|ua.
Parcel liobler. AV A Crane.

Penholder. K P 3IeCullom.

Picture hanger. L Cliureli.

Pilot bar lifter. P G Cotter, L Ilolladay
and K J Duncan.

Pin. S Dancyger.

Pipe fitting, combination tool for. J Kohler.
Pipe holder. J B Davis.

I‘ipes, drainage trap for steam. E E Gold.
Planter and tobacco biller, combined. T L
Gray.

Planter, check row corn. (J R McGinnis.
Plow, swivel. A Gale and E Tremblay.
J’luiiger operating meclianism. 0 Whit-
field .

Pneumatic tubing. (' VV' S Turner.

Portable elevator. AV 31 S Garrison.
Printer’s quoin. D 0 Breed.

Printing niacbine. 31 VV’riglit.

Printing surface and making same. A Ten
AViukel.

Piinting surface, jirodiiciiig. A Ten AV'inkel.
Pulley, friction clutch. J 3IcCahey.

Pulley, shoave. F (Riiitber.

Pulp screen. J J Flanders.

Pulverizer and liarrow. A I) Powers.
Pulverizing mill. F J Judd.

Pump, rotary. S N Eisler,

Puzzle. C A Emerson.

Radiator, gas. L Strimban.

Rails, renewing old steel. E AV' 3IcKeiina.
Railway conduit, electric. A T Fay.
Railway, conduit electric. J 11 Tyrrell.
Railway crossings, electric alarm signal for.
J J Ross,

Railway frog. A L Stanford.

Kaihvay rail joint and bond, electric. J
3Ieyer.

Railway signaling apparatus. P Ribard.
Railway signaling, electric torpedo appara-
tus and system for. J AV Lattig.

Railway signaling, torpedo machine or ap-
paratus for. J AV' Lattig.

Railway supiily circuit, electric. R 31
H unter.

Railway switch. R E Terry.

Railway* switch. J I A'ernoii.

Railway switch aud trolley, electric. F S
Jerri u.

Railway track sandiug ai>paratus. 0 AV'
SherburiiiL (Reissue.)

Railways, wire support for overhead electric.
A AV' Junes.

Refrigerator. A Schuyler.

Refrigerator car. F E Cauda.

Register for baskets, Ac. A B Culver.
Revolver cylinder. J Lamm.

Rivets, studs, Ac., manufacturing, AV' S
AV'llson.

Roller press. S Tuttle.

Rolling pin and dough cutter, coiiibiued. 0
S Goodiiougb.

Roofing. J C H Si Uultz,

Rotary steam engine. J A Julinsoii.

Rubber, Ac., iirocess of and compo.sition for
manufacturiug substitutes for india. A A
Blaudy.

Sash w^eight. G S Sergeant.

Saw frame, buck. T C Knowles aud W J
Adams.

Saw handh^. E J Fulghtim.

Saw straightening device. M Covel.

Scaffold, adjustable. 31 King.

Scraping or digging ap[)aratus. C ATviaii.
Screw' cutting die stock. J J Harrison.

Screw' luai'liiue. C C Hill.

Screw threads, automatically opeuiug die for
cutting. J Hartness.

Scutching flax, hemp, Ac., machiue for. G

E Itonistlioriie and T Biirniw>.

Seaming maciiine, can. K P IImMch.

Seams of sliect metal cans. Jiiadiiiie Ibr roll-
ing or crimping end J G Hodgson.

Seams of sheet metal caii.s, machine for roll-
ing or erimpiug end. E Norton. J (I
Hodgson, and F 31 I.eavitt.

Sectional lx.iler. W Vaiidermaii.

Seeder. F It Pai kliarn.

Sewing maehine talile. VV M ( 'iithl'ert.
Shade tixtiire, window, U Parker.

Shade sliifter, a'ljii>table window. C I> Coi-
hin.

Sliade, window. II Parker.

Shaft snp[)ort, vehicle. VV Irving.
Sharpening device, knife or scissor'. T T
I hi. sack.

Sharpening machine, razor. C AVuideii.
Slieet metal handle. 31 Ber-ted.

Ship or boat, comiK'iindable. 11 3Iarlini.
Shoe, ankle supporting. J 31 Horn and 31
31ayer.

Skate. J Forbes.

SlLcer, vegetable. P L 3Iars.

Soldering machine, can 2. J G Hodgson.
Soldering machine, side seam. .1 G I b'dgaon.
Si»ooliiig frame yarn guide. (J K Maybew.
Sprinkling ajiparatiis. D 31 IMncknew.
Sprocket win-el for chains. AV A Leggo, Jr.
Stamp, rul'ber. R S Hall
Steam boiler. 31 H Plunkett.

Steam boiler, water tube. VV' Shearer.
Steam generator. P Diibiau.

Steam seiiarator. T J ( 'leaver.

Steam separator. 31 VV' lies
Steam trap. J 31cKellar.

Steam trap. J J Royle.

Sterilizing purposes, receptable for. () B VV
Sebier.

Stone polishing wheel. F B A'erger.

Sugar from sorghum, e.xtraeting. G 3Ion-
selise.

Switch closer, automatic. W I VV'ands.
Switch luck. D Lavery,

Tags, machine for the m uiufacture of ship-
jiing. (J F Danielson,

Teaching telegraphy, machine for. T 31
Crefiar.

Telegraph repeater, A D P W'euver.
Telephone transmitter. VV' R ('ule.
Telephony, multiple. 31 Hutin and 31
Leblanc,

Tent and siipjiort. P F Noonan.

Thimble. II White.

Tliraftlier aud separator, combined pea. J F
Rhodes.

Thrasliiag machines, automatic feeder fur.
R L ( 'ooley.

Tnne sheet liulder and guide, cuuibiued. F
(i'lemeiis, Ji.

Toe weight, divisiUe. J Clark.

T'uutli, artitieal. E Bowlus.

Tu.v, whistling. E .J Imuiley.

Track crossing. M VV lies.

Training atliletes, aiiparatus for. 31 L
Weiidling.

Trulb-y arine, eunduit for. A T Fay.

Trolley wheel. C E Bostwick.

Trolley wire siispensiun clip. AV F D Crame.
Truck, electric railway car. F (J Blackwell.
Truck, band. J Freuette.

Truck safety attaehiiient, car. L F Fisher.
Trunk. G S Eggemau.

Trunk, writing-desk. E vuti Pfeil.

Tunnel, subaqueous. E 11 Tmiikeu.

Type w riting machine. C H Boyutuii.

Type writing machine. G W N A'ost.

Type writing machine, pneumatic. VV Raab.
Valve meclianism. J Kelly,

A'alve meclianism 2. E Reynolds.

A'alv'- meclianism, blowing engine. K Rey-
ijmI.Is. ,

A'alve, cauk flushing. J J Berry.

A'ehiele gear. F J Buff.

A'eiitilator. P Goerlitz.

A'iulin bow holder. .1 H VV'hile.

A ise, bench. T J Welsh.

AVagon seat. R I’edersoii.

AV aslistaud, ])ortal>le. 31 H AViekiiian.
AV'atcUi-ase spring. J 11 Fleming.

AVateli lid or buck machiue. H 31 Cruwell.
AV’ater closet seat. J’ .1 Ualiili.

AVater tulie boib-r. 31 H Pliinki-tt.

Windmill power transmitter. WE Sliields.
AVindow guard. 0 Hicketliier aud J
Tlicemling.

AVine press. F Zwiganland R Scliwun-r.
AV’uod, preserving. J R Bat<‘.

AV'oodworking maciiine. \\' L.von.
AVeodwoiking machines, '-aniei- chain for
feeiling boads to. B LuDu-r.

AV'oven fabric 2. AV G Connell
AVrajiping machine, newspaper. LC Growcdl.
AVrapiiixig uewsxiapers, ui'-tliod of and ma-
chine for. L G Crowell.

PATENTS GRANTED JULY 10, '94.

Air luake. V L Clarlc.

Alkali, ajiparatus fur niaiiiifacluriug caustic.
1 L Roberts.

Ainalgaiiiator aud settler. G AV Strong.
Animal tra[i. A J Knai)p.

Asplialtnm I'ipe, maciiine for llie manufac-
ture of. J and I> J Sbnltis.

Awning frame, door. J Zerfas.

Bag frame. F AV' Heilinann.

Batteries, sectional cam for ore. 31 I Cort-
right.

Beam, girder, post, etc., metallic. A E
Krause.

Bearing, roller. F S Chureb.

Bearing, roller. J 1> 3Iatfison.

Bedstead fastening. AV F Be-iisteiii.
Beehive. R (.' Aikin and H Knight.

Belt, electric. AV' E J Lawlur.

Bicvcle, H AV Libbey.

Bicycle. T 3Iiller, Jr.

Binder, metalic. J P Krlscy.

Blind operator, window'. R E Hall.

Blind slat holder and fastnen-. A Harley.
Boiler. D Smith aud II P Guldrick.

Bolting iiia'-li iie-. b i' R.jnnot.
liottle i-oikiiig lim'-hiii* . .\ Tugl iabn*-.

Bottle* elevutiijg deviro. 1' AL l.aii-lilin.
Boiiqin t h<jld*'r. .V L 3J:ir-l*.n.

Box .'trap. J A Bowb-r.

Brak'-. I' D Verruii.

Bin^li lualdng, ne-tiiod of au'l mean- for
preparing bii'tl»'s for. .V S 31 ib--.

Biiekb- and trace .■^upl"*rt, liarii*---. VV
Brady.

Building coiistnietion. 'f ()'s||.-a.

Button hob; n-pair pab-Ii. \. B K b' .
t'ab-ine fiirnaia-. J Prud'hoiiiiiie.

( 'aleimiuing, maniifa' tni e of malarial for.
E Wat<on.

Cam* W'-aving macliim*. diagonal. H B and
E Alorris.

< 'ar nnti-os<-iIIating attacli ni'-nt, -t i'l-'-t . B F
('hollar.

(’ar braise. G VS' Ivranier.

Carcliair, rc-voIuble reclining. .V B Mack-
liii.

(’ar coupling. AV K Kight.

Car coupling. .1 31 Stark.

Car fender. L C Lamar.

Car jiilot. R \ Crawforrl.

Car wlieels, making coiiilKjsite. N VVa-h-
biirn.

Carbonating aiiparatus, tliiid. ]i W Ibitb-r
Carburetor. ( ) Vanonnaii. (R**is>ue.)
(’ailridge packet. J P 1-ee.

Cartridge packet bolder. J P Le*-.

Cash carrier. J Ii Pollock.

Cash register. (' J Carroll.

Caster. W U Tucker.

(.'atcli plate or striker. J K Clark.

Ciiair. T H Co.'tello.

Chart for hotels, rooms. A H Leacli.
Chocolate dip or coating tray, li F Gerbe-
renx. ^

Cigar case.poeket. F Cronenwett, Jr.

Cigar liglper, eb-etric. J J Eberliard and
C G Sebimkatt.

(!'igar lighter, electiic. C F Rejff and H
Munk.

Cigar mold. F C Aliller.

Cigarette niaebine. F G Hagen.

Cigarette machine. A P and E P Seaia-
nianga.

Circuit closing deviec. PJ AValsli, Jr.
Clamp. A 31 CoU*.

(Masp. E S Smith.

Clip. C Ball.

Clipping maebino. hair. (> ONen,

Clocks, clectrie synchronizer for. L von
(.trth.

(’loth napping and brushing roller. L
Clarenbach. Jr.

Clotlu-.-* 'bier 2. F J Bailey.

Clutch, frictional aud positive. AV' E Clial-
fant.

Coal diiinii. J Lane.

Coin carrying eiivekqie. PL Fisou and H
Illingsworth.

Coin holding and delivering device. C C
Earnist.

Coin pai-kage. W F Beasley.

Coin iiackage delivery device. C H AVood,
(Lllar, horse. N Cunningham.

C’onveving apparatus, traveling chain. ,V
L Radford.

Cooker, jelley. L G Hughes.

Cooking device for fruit canning. F 31 An
derson.

Corkscrew. C Puddefoot.

Corn shelb-r. G AV Packer.

(d'adle, cliild's sw inging. VV Tiewey.
fraiiherry I'icker. J M and S B Moody.
Crane, electrie. E IL-pkiuson.

Crane, oV(*rhead traveling. J R 3Iorgan.
(biltivatqr. garden. E Wood.

Current interrupter for high potential cir
cuits. E Tliouisoii.

Current motors, means for regulating alter-
nating. E 31 Beritley.

Current --separator. L F Johnson.
Ciinyconib. C H Bartlett.

Davit, Automatic boat. F Emli, H Fiigel
J L Cooke, and G F VV' .'-^chnlfze.

Tieiital i-bair. D Stuck.

Desk. T 3IcCai-t]iy.

I letergent. A Froidevaux.

Ide and making .same. .A J Bradley,
(‘isinfccting device. P de 31 urgiiiondo.
Disinfecting devii-e. Sand E Taussig.

Door opener, electric. H F Keil.

Donr ojieiier or closer, folding. I Engel.
T>oor plate. I> 31 Scott.

Drying machine. F E Burlingame.

Du.-^t arrester. C F A'errell.

Dust collector. AV P Thompson and P A'ai
Gelder.

Dust or soot collecting machine. P A'au
(ielder and AV' PTliom|)Son.

Dye, blue. VV llerz.herg and 0 AVi-ber.
l']gg heater, etc. AJ Saltsnian.

Elecirie distriluition box. (,) D and 31 J
Kleinsteuber.

Electric heater. H AV Leonard
Eleetric maeliine, dynamo. L Bell.

Electric meter. G A Selieeffer.

Electric motor cuiitroller. J B Blood.
Electric switch. J Mutcliiuson.

Electrolysis of -silts, apparatus for. 1 I
Roherts.

Electrolytic aiiparatus. I L Roberts.
Electrolytic decoiniiosition of salts. I L
Rolierts.

Electrolytic decomposition tank. I L RoL.
eits.

Electrolytic diaphragm. I L Roberts.
Eloctrulytieal a|ipaiatns. () KnuHer.
Engines, variable exhaust for. G L Tbiell.
Entomological specimens, device for mount -
ing. S F Iteiiton.

Exercising apparatus. E Graiiert.

Fagots or piles, apparatus fur Ibniiing. J
F Budke.

I’eed meclianism, autoniatie. J Roger.

Fence machine, wire. J P Hiatt.

F(*nce post, metallic. M H Baer.

Fencing w ire. J B f'leavelanil.

Forrulo niacliino. AV CanucU.

i66

THE INVENTIVE AOE

File or bill book. \V I) Slat‘^n.

Filter. C W W Ball and J L GonluD.

Fire escaiie. S K Brijrgs.

Fire escai>e. A (r White.

Fire (.■xtiuguislier, automatic. It L Cum-
nock.

Fire kiii'lk-r coiniiusitidii. J 1) Le Bel.
Folding gate. W K Pitt.

Food pmduct and aj»paratuc}. J W II
Campbell.

Frog, wrecking. C Courdette.

Fruit dritT. ‘ ’ B fdark.

Fruit Jar. F A Dixon.

Fruit pitting niatdiine F <’ Staiiitbrd,
Frying liatt<‘r, too! for. B F I\Ielcall'.
Galvanic l)attrry. I. F •lolinson.

Game apparatu-i. W 1'^ Gasttdow.

Gas, ajijiaratus I'ur maiiu laelui ing. F K
i’dlswortli

Ga.s cut otl device .-V K leiiiteldt.

Gas engine. F llirsch.

(ias engine, explosive. .1 Walratii.

Gas mains, siphon test box for. A Bouvior.
Gas retort charging a])paratus. .J C Gliami-
l<‘r.

Gases, jirocess of an apparatus for analyz-
ing. J'] .\ I'eldiugaiul A Steinbart.

Glass bottles, Ac., apparatus tor molding
and tdowiiig. .1 .1 Bower.

G Ini’, purity ing. BC llewilt.
tjold. ele., inirn t heir solutions, precipitating.
( ’ Moldeidiau' r.

Governor, electric. M B Scheiich.

Gt inding mill. '1' Band T .1 tuitevaiit.
Gun fore I'lul fastening. F A Ilollenher'k.
Gun, inaga/ine. A Lee.

Gun, magazine cane. F F Dyhall.

Gutter, roof. B IJoenk.

Hammer, power J M Aii'lerson.

Hammock su{)port. I 1^ Bahner.

Harvester clutcli devic<*. II G Stone.
HaVi‘ster, potato. M L Aten.

Hat culler's iron stand. W Shoyer.

Hatcliet, sliinglitJg. (.’.I Gooddl.

Hay rake and loader. B I\1 Thompson.

Hay lake and loadei', roiiibiiied side de-
livery. .1 W Harmon.

Heater. .1 McLouglilin

Hinge for school desk seats. L Noble
and L Buxton.

II iiige, spring. F Keil.

Hinge, spring. L Moiiat,.Jr.
line, garden. .1 II .\ndie.

1 lorse blanket fastening. .1 I'<‘ lioney.
Ilursesiioe, bar '.i. G W \\empl<‘.

Hors<‘shoe, elastic treaii. il 11 tlibljs.

Hot water heater. A G Grassl.

Ibmse construction. S Sanderson.

Icecream tree/er. F M Snook.

Iiisiilat(-d armature coil. .1 II Sliugg.
Insulating composition. .1 L Truslow. .Jr.
.loist hanger. H A tJoei/,.

Journal lubricator. P Knaiicr.

Ivettle and furnace, combined rendering. T
Cascadeii, .Ir.

Jviieader, dough or batter. I Lobiee.

Lamp, ele' tric arc. L F tJwynn.

Lami', eleidric arc. P Kirkegaard.

I.amp, eleeti ic arc. M S Gkiiii.

Lamp lianger, elcctrie. H (' Henley.

,Lani[) heater. 0 Heinje.

Lamp holder, electric. ]\1 B I\leyer-
Lampligliler, electric. .1 (J (,’hambers.

Lam[) shade. A Feigl.

Lamps, wick adjuster for central draft. J ( '
I\liller.

I-atlu*. W Lodge.

Liipiiil cooler. W ( ) Sa\age.

Locomotive, eleetrie llopkillSoll.

Locomotive engine. 10 L Ilaiison.

Loi oniotives, contact liar lor electric ‘J. J J
Green.

Loom, circular. (.) Sidiuler.

Ijoom, pile fabric. .1 ('oi/ilius.

Jjooin shuttle threading ilevicc. L A lloiir-
<iue.

Luliricatiug cutting edges ot tools, means
for. B ( dioiiteaii.

>Ldt grinding mill. J Bruner.
iMaiidrel, expanding. S W Twining ami L
U < Villins.

I\leasnring instriiineiit, electrical 'J, L Wes-
ton.

I\b-tals, apiiaratus for rediicing, allowing,
rermdting, and mixing. II F i>fccliwahu.
Id it<*r box. J .1 Green.

IMotor safi'ty device. A W K Bciiee.

Idiisieal instruments, stoji fur ^ledals of. L G
Wegefarfli.

I\lu///.le, animal. W 11 Sanborn.

Nut cracker. S INLjore.

Nut lock. .1 (• Brown.

Nut lock. .\ Foiigere.

Nut lock. J W ami A W Fnmcli.

Nut lock. .1 II Hebbb'thwaite.

Nut lock 2. ( ■ Lelimaii.

Nut lock. G Sieiigeiitlialcr.

Gil can. ( ' Sienii'i's.

Giler for journal tieariiigs, iiici hanieal. G
H < 'ole.

Ore feeder, automatic. A Garste»'s and !>
J McCormack.

Grgan actiiui, jiitio. W and E J King.

Gveti. A U Welch.

Packing. J Bcdie.

Paddle wheel, steainsliiii A CAioper.

Pattern, adjustalile garment. G Gss(*.

Pawd for niiuhinery, gri)). A S Wa.sliburn.
Pen, fountain. H G Hemarest.

Pen, fountain. H T Smitli.

Jdiotograjihic cam<‘ra, nnigaziiie. G P
Spooner

Piles in running water, ajii'aratus for driv-
ing. W Baptisli. {Reissue.)

IMpe wrench. J Lvtle.

Pocket book and cigar case, combined. E
Waldenberger.

Pocket bixik, coin. K Tuinf>kins.
pool lialls, constructing. V BHubbell.

Pool balls, manufacturing. V B Hiilibell.
Power shears. G Sears and W ll Under-
wood.

Preserving hams, etc., api)aratus for. A II
Hatch.

Pressure regulator, fluid. G 11 Walker.
Printing letters or other indications for in-
dexes of books, etc., ap!)aratus for use in.
E A Goddin.

Pi-intiug plates, preparing surface. J Mul-
laly. "

Pulley, expansible. B B Fai uhain.

Pulp couch'Tig and drying machine. 11
Fairbanks and II Parker.

I’ulverizing ai»paratus. J M Schultz.

Pump. (.• A Selloii.

Pumjj, foot. G L Burdick.

I’ump, saliva. A li Lawslie.

Pumping engine. A F Hall and B 0 Gage.
Railway, cable. 0 W Hunt.

Railway collisions, device for ineveiiting,
G Holtmanii ami N Sclimidt.

Railway crossing danger signal. I'l W Par-
rish.

Railway crossing gate. F W Id ills.

Railway motor gi'ur casing. N G Bassett.
Railway oil box jack. F A Moore.

Railway rail.s, selfacting cleaiior forgia.ioves
or liollows id’. D <' l.e Bras.

Railway rails, subslructure Rir biacing and
supporting. .1 I\I Bi iia*.

Railway signaling ajiparalns. W G S<-ott.
Railwiiy signaling pur[iuses, detonator tor.
H F Clark.

Railway soppily system, electric J J
Green.

Railway swifcli. I) M (Jiinrcli.

Railway switch :j. S F Clouser.

Railway switch, ts F Oloiisci and E 0 Sew-
ard.

Railway sv\iteli '1. f! Hillman.

Railway switcli. K (’ Sewanl.

Itailway switcli. street. W' E Iduira\ . H
and (,; W Hatliehl.

Railway tie plate. W H Wilson.

Railway trains, steam heating system for.
G II 'I'itcoinb.

Railway trolley, conduit, ,1 L Greveling.
Railways, dosed conduit for electiic. C I
Greer.

Range, gas cooking and water heating. B
S Koll.

Reduction apjiaratiis. 'I' Girvan.
liifrigerating li<]uid. IM Warner.

Rock drills, lotating d<‘vice for. H G Ser-
g<-ant.

Rolling brake slim* key Idaiiksinto sliapi.*,
maebi lie for. (Ml .Imly.

Rolling metal, T Mtu rison.

Jtolling mill honsiiu’’. S T Williams.

Rope clam|i. .1 Alleiison.

Rotary ilrier. H Itich.

Sail iron liandle. H A Slieflidd.
Sandpapering machine. 11 N Range.

Sash balance. E F Smitii.

Sash lock', litf and lialaiicc. G K thiidmu’.
Saw guard. F X G-ote and L Corhcilhx
Saw, haml. W II Bedell.

Sawhorse. G- I> Snell.

Saw set. F X Zahringer and J B Spaedy.
Scow, dumping. ^\’ Fallon.

Scra[)er, kettle. H F W Leiiike.

Sewing macliiiie. Earn! K (.'ornely.

Sewing madiiiie for stitching and barring
buttonholes F R Austin.

Shade holder. .1 Hutchinson.

Shaft snpiioi t and aiitirattler, comhined. W
(.'a\ ers.

Shears joint. A .1 Krank.

Shi|ipiiig can. T Lee.

Shoe suiipoi't. W L Barrell.

Shutter, lireiiroof. I Smith.

Signaling ainiaratus, electric. J B Coleman.
(Reissue.)

Slii’er and giatei', comhim'd vegetalde. E S
1 larpst-

Soldering machine. C M Brown.

Sole <-haiineliiig machine. J F Noonan.

Sole levtdiiig niacliine. W L Barrell,
S{»Iiiitaml splini fabric. F A Tracy.

Stamji motor, time. BG Giioiid.

Sti'.-im boiler. J) Ahern.

Steam tra]i. A F Nagle.

Steel ami the maiinfactiire of edge tools
tlierefi-om, converting cast iron Idanks
into. .1 lloopcr.

Ston* service a|)paratns. (J Smyth.

Stov epipe Kaiser,

Strainer for conductor pijics. E G Minne-
meyer.

Strap attaclimcnt. .1 Reed, (Reissue.)

Straw stacker. F B Landis.

Straw stacker discharge pipe. J’ F Landis.
Straw shn.dier, [iheiimatic F Lamlis.
Striiigi'd iiislriimeiit. H Ackeiuiann.

Sulky. J B Fahei'.

Sulky. S Toomey.
d'alde. W ( ' .Lines.

Tank idminned with thermomeler and gage.
.1 L Williams.

Tapping machine. M Grawl'ord. Jr.
'I’elaiitograph 'J. E Gray.

'J’elephoiie tiiciiit, "pdator's. T (' \Vales

.Ir.

Telepiioiiy. V K Colvin.

Tlieater eliairs, coin controlled attachment
for. .1 W’ I'attersoii.

'J’lierniometer attachment tbr hot watei- bags,
etc. 11 Weinliagen ami F King.
'J’lirasliing imudiine air blast altaclinient.

W L .lolinson and W L Hay.

Tile, riHifin-r. S Jv Gohen.

'I’ile, rooting. .1 L J tonaldsoii ami .! Atliei n.
'fill lock and alarm. G H 3Iorford.

Tiim* detector, wati-hmaii’s. .1 Matnscli.
'film* recorder, worliinan’s. ,1 Bey.

Time recorder, workman’s. I) 3Uller.

'J’ire, pneumatic. W B Jans.

'I'ire, pneumatic. G K Welch.

Tire, plieiimatic hii'vcle. J Mariani.

'I'ohacco pijie. E Barron.

Toy veliielc. M Scitaare.

Toy, wheeled. I* .1 lliudmursh.

Track clcanor and switch thrower. J W
Hevnt.

Trol ey ear. (.1 A Lieli.

'ri’olli-y pole A S McBean.

Trolley wheel. G .\ Lieli.

Trolley wires, combined banger and auto-
matic switcli for. K Schefbaiier.

'I’russ. R Naglcr.

Truss. F A Wheeler.

Turning machine, roll. Vine.

Tuyere, fon-cil draft. B I' Wliite,

Type setting apparatus J. L K Johnson
and A A Low.

Tyiie writing machine. L S Crandall
Ahicuum creating ai'iiaratus. W^F M Mc-
Carty.

Valve for water jiipe or mains, stoj). I N
and J H Glauber. (Reissue.)

Valve, tank supply. J J Berry,

Vehicle wheel. C li. Welch.

Vessel, marine. L N Tonus.

A'es.s(ds, construction of. E 1^ Stratton.

A'essels, line holder for. E <’ Akers.

Veterinary tooth cutter. J J Rohinson.

Wagon, dumping. S B Snyder.

Wall coating and making same, material for.
E Watson.

W'all decoration and making same, material
for. E ^Vatson.

Wall decoration, making material for. E
Watson.

Wasliing machine. T Bunker.

Washing machine. C A i'alimiuist.

Wiitclimaker's combined tweezers and screw'
diiver. L Wliite

\\’ateii movement jilates, machine for re-
cessing. H ii (Jiurcli,

Water closet iiuwls, couiiling for. (r F
Brown.

Water meter, rotary. H .1 Rolilf.

Water purifying apjiaratus. H Hesruniaux*

Walt meter. E Weston.

Wi'athm- striti. J Snydam.

W’ell cleaning device. G W Lee.

AVell heater, oil. J S Lncocli.

Welt ti immer. F A Hunhaui.

Wheel. G Lallhe.

Whillletree. A i^Iilchell

liistle and valve for opeiating same, elec-
trii ally controlled G L (Jngley.

Window screen. B .1 Wohe.

Window serecn, rolling. L Hastings.

Wood woiking machine. .1 S Graham and
.1 Kane.

Wrappers or labels around boxes, cakes, etc.
machinery for securing. A Stearns.

PATENTS GRANTED JUNE 17 ’')4.

Acid, imujiifacturing liy iiochlorous. G A
( 'aiuiot.

Addresser. .1 R. ^'aii Wormer.

Adjustable chair. J R Miller.

Advertising device*, token. W' ('nmmings.
Advertising machine, coin contiolled. Jl A
Manley.

Aerating watei' used in baths, process of
am! aii|iaratns for. W Lippm t.

Air compressor, compound liydiaulic. W A
Babcock.

Alaim signal, automatic. IIS Bodley and
A I’ St. idartiu.

Armature h;ir and making same. G Weber
and ( ’ W jMareley .

Armatures, means for ventilating. T G
Guy keiulall.

Bag holder. E Attaway.

Baking powder can and iiieasure. II R
Brow II.

Banjo. R Kiienstler.

Battery jilates, making. W L Silve.v.

Beer faucets and returning saini* to kegs un-
der gas pri'ssuie, ajijiaratus for collecting
drippings from. II Geiiovar.

Belt, cartridge and game. J R Randal.

Belt, metal driving. 11 Sewrey.

Bicycle. B Weber.

Bicycle saddle. A L Gai ford.

Bicycle, etc , variable speed gearing for. A
B Stelibins.

Blowi'r, steam jet. 1> .1 < 'rozier.

Boat seat, buoyant. G I’ei'kins.

Bone black kiln. .1 T Trory.

B ok, check or vouclicr. 1) A McIntyre.
Book, order. J P Brownlee.

Bootli, iiortable. J W Arnest.

Bottle corking machine. S B Suiallwood.
Bottle lining ai»{»aralns. S l> Smallwood.
Bottle lining machine •_!. S B Smallwood.
Bottle safety closing device. R B de Sen-

iK'Voy .

Blake shoe. 1) Sargent.

Brick. 11 Loftie.

Brick kiln B Gi mder.

Bitish. W Wallacli.

Bulling roll. II A Wi'hster.

Burner fur bni'iiing gaseous Inel. .1 F
Hewitl.

Button, covered. A M Loiig'‘ee.

Glall box, magnet. <1 E Scilliiiei'.

(lanister and measure. (.1 R Gonnally.

( 'ar I irake. I ' Kej tier.

( 'ar brake. B Li‘en.

Gar, eoiivertahle fruit. H E Barton.

Gar eoupliiig. W W Gnlhreath.

Gar I'onpliiig. ( ) Hood.

Gar door. I V Kelly.

Gar iloof o|ieiating mechanism. A I\l King.
Gar Ventilator, railway passenger. J Kreli-
i.ieh

G'aihiu'eting a{i!iai'atns, air. W (J Clark and
A B Giitlea.

Gariiage 2. C N Bennett.

Gan iage, transforinatile. J E W Schnricht.
Gash box. W (.1 Siniinons.

< 'ash register. ( GI Bassick.

Gash register and indicator 2. W E Broolvc.
(.lasli reuisler and iiidieator. .1 i‘ (Jleal.
Casting machine, tyjie J. G H Ziegler.
Chair. G Kollenliei'g,

Cliair fanning attaelimenf, rocking. U
Drake.

Chalk lines, .self chalking. J Wilson.
Glilorin nioiioxid, ai'paralus for the niann-
factiin* of. G A Cannot.

Churn, etc., automatically opi'iated. 31 S
Tlmijias.

(.Jiurii daslier. J L Finley.

Cliliper, lawn. E W McGiiin*.
t.Jotli sponging cyliuiler. R K Colson.
Clothi.’s drier. B .lodoin.

Co< k for air brake systems, stop. J C Mc-
Nahb.

Cotlee pot. W D Wells.

Collin lid fastening and hinge. L G Kregel.
('ollapsihle box. J Juwett.

Coinhustiou appirt'atus. E F Baddoii.
Commutator toi dynamo electric mucliincs.
E Thomson.

(Concentric clainii. J Riddell.

Cloiiveyer, screw'. F Briijz.

Conveying machinery. D C and T W Sae-
inan.

Cork tinisliing machinery. J Lowman.
Corks, inachine for making hollow. F C
Triislow’.

Corn from cobs, machine for cutting. W S
Plummer.

Crushing or grinding mill. R E Scbill.
(Cultivator. M W Beard.

Cultivator. N 31axtield, K F Grillin and tl

A Speer.

Carling irons, gas burner attaclimeut for
heating. W II Wellpot and O F Boelliier.
Currents, method of and apparatus for trans-
forming alteriiatiug into continuous. J F
Kelley,

Cutting tool for granite etc. W C Young.
Cyclometer. J Butcher.

Damper, stove. E C Cole.

Die. C Wagenfohr.

Dimethyljiiperazin tartrate, C Stoelir.
Ituugh fi'um cerc'als, process of and ajiparii-
tus Ihr tlie !iro<luction of. F 1 Gelinck.
Dust iiihiliit‘>r .1 L King.

Dye, black. It Vidal.

Dyeing aiiparatus. E Masurel.

Eaves tnmgli lianger. 1> Soames.

Electric distrilmtiuii and generation, system
of. Ill .1 Houston.

Electric light li laments, material for mak-
ing. G A ('annot.

El<-ctrie machine, magneto. E Tilniunu.
Electi ic mot u'. J F Denison.

Electiic switch. J F Kester.

Electrical conductor. G H Blakesley.
I’vleetrical couiu'ction cord, A H iM<'( 'ulloch.
Electrolytic cells, diapliagram for, G N
Waite.

Elec1ro))laling, ju'occss of and appaiatiis for.
(’ 31 Barber.

Elevator controlling device. A N Calkins.
hJevators, automatic stop device for liydi'aii-
lic, 1 1 R Smith.

Engine. K Moscieiki

Etliyl ehli.irid, etc , rei'eptaide tor. J Bengue.
Fxhihitiiig device. W G Fawkes
Explosive, smokeless. F G dll Pont,
liyelet for vehieles, curtain. C D Di<d\crson.
Feed roll, seetiunal. W S 3le(.'ay and L V
3Ioultoii.

Fifth wheel. D Wilco.x.

Fire alarm. J .1 (.)rvis.

Fire escape. P* Fo.\.

Fire escape. F Kopp.

Firei'lace front. J F Hewitt.

Flag holder and cane, eouihined. N Smitli.
Floor eonstrm tion, iiietallie. G B Frun.'is
and K P Itawley.

Floor jack. J L Kohler.

Fliiiils, apparatus for indicating tlie tlow of.
H S 3la\iiii.

Forging or hamniei ing metal, niachiue for.

L A I’arrock.

F uriiaei*. J .1 de K iiider.

Furnace, S 31 Tra[»p.

Furnace. J W llpson.

Fuse fur projectiles, percussion. WAl inin-
gan.

Galvanic battery. G Hewett.

Gartiage can. S Lebaeli.

Gaiineiit and belt, couildiied military. E
Rice.

Gas, a})paratus for man uhictiiring. F Mayer,
Gas, apjiaratus foi' tlie manufacture of. E
Jl Ellsworth.

Gas meter. G (' [hnlaii and L B FiiUon.
Gate. J F Ferris and 3\' M Thomas.

(ilass bi'ick and manufacture thereof. L
( >etti iiger and 31 Scliieiher.

Glass roiling apparatus, A D Biogan and A
M iMalloeh.

Glycei in ami salt from spetitsoap ly<‘, recov-
ering E K 3Iitting.

Governor and reversing gear, engine. H II
Ki'lley.

Grader attachment, road. W E Sullivan,
(train iliier. I (J Iloujier.

Grain drill cleaning attachment. E J Keni-
, 1

Giaiii scouring oi' polisliing machine. G W
3lead.

Grip Idock. G S Fonts.

( hiilar. L F 31alkemns.

Giiii, homh. F W Liiscomh.

Gun, water jiower niai'liini'. i*B Tyler.

Gii IIS, rjoctor tor hieakdow n. G A Sachs.
Ilaml rest, chirogra[)her’s. W'l'Smifh.
Hatchway guard, elevator. .1 \V Baldwin.
Hay carrit'r track and its connections. 31 G
Grosscuii.

Hay loader. CE Lindstrom,

Hay press. S W Biicker.

Hinge, fiirnitiiri*. R F (.'ollin.s.

Hoof weiglit. F D Scott,

I louj) hir hai'l'cls, etc. II S llonpei-.
lloise driver and governor. II A and (J S
A mold.

Icr culling niacliine. T Cutter.

Inhaler. .1 F Cliesehro.

Ink well, fountain. W S Uu.ssell.

Insulator, electric railway ci'ussing. II B
Nichols and F II Lincoln.

.Jar fastening, jireservc or fruit. F Wand P
(j A 1 lofman n.

Jar toil stiaigliteiier, fruit. J T Piniiell.
Joint and hearing. W (J Rarig.

Key ring. P L V Thiery.

Kitehen cabinet. W ilalaroii.

Knitting machine, circular. J L Eck.
Ladder. J Schade.

Lamp, electric arc. W E Frost.

Lamp, incandescent electric, .f E Origgal.
Lamji, incandescent electric. W E Forest.
Lamp support, electric. J J Renehaii.
Lamps, manufacture of incandescent elec-
tric. U D Burnett and S E Doane.
Lantern attachment. P G iMartiii,

Lantern globes, manufacture of. F W Stew-
art.

Latch. J G Lane.

Level. J Ilaliel.

Level u. .1 A Traut.

Liijiiid gage. A 11 Weleli,

Liipiid separator, centrifugal. C L Chap-
man.

Loading machine, dirt. E Fonrmaii.

Lug loading and turning mai hine. W E
Hill.

Logging syctem. R T>anib.

Loom for weaving narrow fabrics. J O
Fryer.

31eclianical movement. F W BIcArdle.
3Ietal wdieel, cast. J Yocum.

3f.ilk treating apjiaratus. R Larkey.

3Iold Cooler. II T Winters.

Mulder or former. F W 3JcArdle.

3IoIder’s tlask. L W Boutelle.

Mowing machine. W A Kuowltoii.

3Iiisic, ajijiaratus for turning leaves of.
E Richardson.

3Iusic leaf turner. 31 D Ferriu.

Nozzle, sjiraying. J Steel and J Buslia.

Nut lock. J R Crihbs.

Nut locK. W L Worlaud,

Nut lock w'usher. W B 3icMaster.

Gil can. F D Winkley.

Gre crusher. J R (Jordon.

Oven, bake. .T J JM'enninger.

Oven regulator. 31 A Wiliams.

Pyckiiig, piston. 31 D Kilmer.

Painting device, wire. J B Whalen.

Pajier box making inachine. H D Slone.
Paper box making machine. 11 D Stone and
C Thibodeau,

Pajier stock, jirocess of and machine for
making sj.iools or liollow articles from, il
Fairbanks and H I’arker.

Pmi, fountain. E G Peck ami F O’Meara.
I’encil tip jiin attachment. T E Ggram and
H L E Johnson.

Piaiiofurte. P Andersen.

I’ianoforte. J A Weser.

I ick', etc., Bliner’s. CCamm
Planter and cultivator, combination. J W
Moore.

Plow riding attachment. 3V E Stalford.
Blow, wlu'ci. S J) Bunle.

Bucket liook guard ur fastener. A Saripkin.
Bide and neck yuke connection for vehicles.
H L Kingsley.

Bol(*s and shafts, extension jiiece for com
hilled. H Brooim^.

Powder recejitucle. A P Thompson and W
B 31nrray.

Prei ious stones, tool fur grinding or polish-
ing. A Neydeck
Printing biofk '2. F I Getty.

Jhinting hluck, chromatic. F I (!Jetty.
Prinling device, clironiatic. F I Getty.

Pi inting press, jilateii. WH Brice Jr.

Bnlji sejiarator, wood. E F 31illard.

Ihimji. T Barker.

Bump, double acting. C Rodenbaugh.
Buncli, ticket. J i>udley and 11 E Gibson,
Puzzle, educational. S P Feriee.

Race bulletin and disjilaying device. J W
Fleming.

Rail. W T Manning.

Rail bond, electric. J ('J Hallas.

Railway bonding joint, electric. A L Jolins-

tnlJ.

Railway, conduit electric. J W Eisenliutli.
Railway, eonduit electiic G D Jemiey.
Railway, electric. Jl A Duty,

Railway guard rail, stieet. G F Stark-
wi'ather

Railway signal. H 31 Aberiietliy.

Railway suj'jdy system, electric. W A But-
ler.

Railway siipjdy system, electric. E H Joliii-
son and 11 Ijiindell.

Railway sujiply system, electric 2. E 11
Johnson and R Lnndeli.

Railw'ay switch Jioint, street. H S Smith.
Railway system, electric, K 31 Hunter.
Railway tie am bur, metal. R E Daniels.
Jieg' lierating furnace. S 31 Trajip.
Regulating device, anUunatic. J \V Upson.
Rein guard. C Allen.

Relay, (juadriiplex neutral. 0 1) Haskins.
Riveting machine. J J Unheljemh
Hulling mill rulis, attachment fur adjusting.
G Townsend.

Rojie or w ire iiubh*)'. 1^1 P Slcntz.

Rotary steam engine. J N Harizell.

Rotary steam engine, recijuocating. F \V
Reeves.

Ruler, jiaiallel. C H Beeler, Jr.

Sad iron. W J Platt.

Nusli fastener. .1 B 3iorgau.

Sash fastener. G Voil.

Saw gnhle, gang edger. 0 H Ujitoii.

Saw machine, drag. .1 W Galef.

Sawmill carriage. E J'i Thomas.

Sawinil! carnages, Jiislon rod coiiuecled for.
G 11 Ujitoii.

Saw mill, circular. US Sjustruml and 0 J
Amleison.

Saw mill feed. C Reiser.

Saw' rounder, circular. J 11 l^yuch.

Scale and screw jack, comhined sjulng. B
Lubee.

Scale, platform. 11 L Fislu*!'.

Seaming machine, can. W Wagner.
Scjiaraling and jiiuil’yiiig machine. J La
Gi'oix.

Seive)', refreshment. 31 Ganl.

Shade roller bracket. G F F Flos.

Shears ojierating meclianiMii. E A ('ocliian.
Sheet metal tubes, melliod of and niacliine
(or making. F A Jnergens.

Shield. T Kecly.

Shiji’s light and air port. 1 Utley.

Shoe jiatlerns from lasts, machine for des-
cribing. W 11 Baynard, Jr.

Shoe jiolisher. H Parsons,

Shutter ojierating device. 0 W Emjuist.
Signal box, eleetrie 2. W W Hibbard.
Signal system, ditlerentiatiiig apparatus for
electric. W W Hibbard.

Signaling ajijiaratus, electric 2. W W Hib-
bard.

Skate jilane. W B Lynch.

Sleigli and wagon, combined. A Czora, C
K Ernst, Jr., ami C J Dernbrack.

Smoke consuming ajijiaiaius. L Hallbauer.
Sn -w’ jiloy, railway. J Kallauner.

Sole leveling machine. E C Judd and F W
31 cArdle.

Sole rounding machines, knife holder for. L
E Eriesun.

Soot preventing composition, li Givens.
Sjieed gearing. J J 3laiin, J H Smith, and
11 G Read.

Sj'ike jiiiller. L 31 Sliattiick.

Sjiiiining and twisting frame ring. G 0
J)rajier.

Sjiiuning jenny. G H 31ar6li.

Sjiring motor. S B Wortmann.

Stave jointing machine. G 31ills.

Steam boiler. G II Drake.

Steam boiler, sectional. H 31 Norton.

Steam engine. E Gschwind.

Stool, folding. F L and F A Joy.

Stove, hydrocarbon. A Rosenzweig.

Stoves, vaporizer for gasoline. G W Billings.
Structural metal work. A Krause.

Stump extractor. C N blood.

Sultite liber separator. E F 31illard.

Tail board catcli for dumping vehicles. H B

31cKee.

TFTE INVENTIVE ^GE

1O7

pOPUI

rAR SCIENTIFIC ROOKS.

AV"c will send y<mr choice ol'aiiy one ol tlu* lollow-
iiig' valuable imhlicatioiis, to‘>(‘tli(M- w ith The
Inventive Ay;e oin? y(*ai', for 81. .‘>0.

The A B C of Electricity, by W. H. Meaclowcraft. Dynamo and hdectric Motors, illustrated, by Trevert. Practical Treatise on Electro-plating, by same. Practical
Treatise on the Incandescent Lamp, by Randall. Alternate Current Machinery, by Gilbert Kapp. vSteam Boiler Explosions, by Zerah Colburn. Ventilation of P.i.ild-
iugs, by \V. E. Butler; edited and enlarged by J. L. Grecnleaf. On the Designingand Construction ol' Storage Reservoirs, by Arthur Jacob, A. B. A Treatise on the Com-
pound Engine, by John Turnlmll, J r.; witli additions by Prof. S. W. Robinson. .Safety Valves, by Richard II . Buel, C. E. -A. Practical Treatise on the Teeth of Wheels, with
the Theory of the use of Robinson's Odontograph, by Prof. S. W. Robinson. On Transmission of Power by Wire Ropes, by Albert W. Stahl. Terrestrial .Magnetism of
Iron Ships, by Prof. I'airman Rogers. Cable Making for .Suspension Bridges, as exemplified in tlie construction of the liast River Bridge, liy Wilhelm Ilildenbrand, C. E.
A Hand-book of the Electro-magnetic Telegraph, by A. E. Loring, a Practical Telegrapher. Transmission of Power by Compressed .\ir, by Robert Zahner.M.IL 'J'ur
bine Wheels, by Prof. W. P. Trowbridge. The Telescope : its Construction, etc., by Thomas Nolan. Induction Coils : How Made and How I'sed. The Theory cjf Uie
Gas Engine, l,)y Dugald Clark. Electro-magnets, by Th. du Moncel. Dynamo-electric Machinery, by .S. P. Thompson. Dynamo Electricity, by John Ho]jkin.sou, j.'
A. Schoolbred and R. E. Day. Recent Progress in Dynamo-electric Machines, being a Supplement to Dynamo-IHectric M.achiuery, by Prof. Silvanus P. Thompson.
The .Steam Engine Indicator and its Use, by W. B. Levan. Hand-book of Mineralogy ; Determination and Description of Minerals found in the United .States, by
Prof, J, C. P'oye. Modern Gun Cotton : Its Manufacture, Properties and Analysis, by Lt. John P. Wisser, U. S, A. “The Inventor’s I'rieud,” by Joseph Allen Mintuin.

Ti'lc'ma|ili uperator’ti unler case. ,I .\ II »

X'll.

TVlci'lioiic tiausiiiittcr. T OilssiiigiT.

Tlifi ni'istutic jiKiiin. f' t’lUti iss.

Thill coH|tliu^. N I’cars'Hi.

iiiacliine hiiii'l cullfi' uii'l icedcr.
\V T’aylur.

TlirasiiiiJg niachiuc sioH Ifcdcr and bund cut-
ter. 1> llar[iei''

Thieatl package. 1» b ArmsUniig.

Tire, pneiiniatic. K 8 Anderson.

Tire, imenmatic .J B 8r. , and d B Duiiloj). Jr.
'Fire, pneumatic 'J. T B .letlery.

Tire iiii.settiiig nr shrinking luacliiiii-. d U
Little.

Tire, wheel. T B dettery.

Toaster or broiler, d .A Miller.

'I’ootli regulator. E II Angle.

Top, solai’. J Adams,

Trat'e trimmer ami finisher. B II Sclioon-
muker.

Tiolley. .1 Guzowski.

Trolley conductor, electrical. J \\ Ki.seiihutli.
Tr ousers strap. G B Adams.

Trtmseis stretclier. W L iubiii.

Tint k, I'oller lieai ing. G ^\ Bacon.

Truck, basket. U IM Sprague and .1 K Uuttei .
Truss. (’ II t haimian ami W 8 Goodhue.
Twine Ibi' binding grain. V \l Williams.
Twine for grain bimling haivesleis. F B
Williams.

'Fwiiie, making. F K Williams.

Type writing machine, d M Williams.

N aive mechanism fbr li'piid leceptaclc.s. F
G Wilson.

Valve, rotary. II ^ Loss.

Vai'iU' hui iier. G II ( hilds.

Vehicle gear, d *M Bromley.

A’chicle wheel. X rmoycr.

Vehicipedes, varialde speed and power gear-
ing Ibr. A B Stelibiiis.

Vise, pii'O. G F Haven.

W'agoii, dumping. L K .Johnson.

Waist, G A Burges-s.

^\*ashing machine. K ( ■ Burt.

Wasliiiig machine. .1 <1 (h'awford.

Watcli . stem w iiidiug ami setting. N T 31 i lbs.
W’atches, guard for slitlcs of repeating. G K
Humbert.

Water, apparatus for obtaining distilled and
sterilized, d Nagel.

Water lieatcr. A 11. F d, and H 8 Hunrplii-ey

Water' heutcraiid range, combined. 1 N Hall.

Water motor. E B Benham and 11 L Bui Iowl
Water nii'tor. .) J'i Lewis.

Weiglier-, gi'ain. G .Vmierson.

Wheel. W .\ Grrand B8 Ueynolds.

Wlieel rim clip. G8 Bikcman.

Wind motc»r .V Lancaster'.

Wind-..w'. cellar. L Tr- inmel.

A\ indow .screen, adjustalde. \\ La.-^ar .

W ire cro8s<*i. L 8 .Aiiui.-,

W ile tightmief. G H l>K;kin.son.

W'ood graining macliiiKL G I’elstriiig.
Wr'ap[iing table, liuiidle. G 8piro.

W I emdi < • Tiiiglot.

Wi eiich. G Trakoller.

PATENTS GRANTED JULY 24, '94.

Acid, sodium sulfate, iiiagnesinm sulfatc,<'tc.,
(.ibtaiuing carl'oiiic. ib W' Eneqnist.
A<ldressiiig env<dkipes ami w rappera, machine
for. G A Belknap.

Amalgamating machine water jet. A \\
Bobinson.

.Amalgamating maebines, amalgam tr'ough
and water sui)ply pipe lor. A W ilobin-

Sotl.

Amalgamating machines, tailings discharge
apparatus for. .V W Boldiisou.
Ainalgaiiiatoi'. .1 b Hay waid and A A\' Bob-
i us< >n.

Amalgamator screen bearing. A W Bobin-
So II .

Awning w'lii'ker. .! A Gilliii.

Axle spindle, vehicle. W .M Barnes.

Barrel heater. .1 B ami W' H Staniiope.
Bars, rails, etc., urachiiic for stiuightening.
II W ick. .Ir.

Ba>iii, hath, etc., wa.sh. F .\dee.

Bi-d, iMUich. W Bowie.

Bed. lounge. G NV Vogel.

Bed ol CM ib 31 K (’nllViTSe.

Bed, sofa, d H I’hillips and F (MGddman.
Beer I arbonating aj'paratiis. Bar ns,
Bitycle. 31 L Wilcox.

Bicycle saddle. B 'F Toi lcelson.

Ihcycle scat A L Giiaiil
Bicycle sjieed indicator'. F Boulier.

Billiai'd oi' pool register. (- W Goetze and A
Knopp.

Blower. G Iviimley.

I’oiler. G L 8eabuT\v.

Boilei' Hue cutter. F Bcmbei .

Boot or shoe attaclimeiit. d H .Johnson.

Boot ti'ec. II L Lee.

Bottle stopper'. GG Alilsti'om.

Bottle stopper ‘.i. Ij Kailsng.

Bottles or other gla.'-s ailh lcs, apparatus for
the niaiiutacture of. d B A'eiiiay.

Bottling machine. 11 Wuelliug.

Box fastener'. L Leber.

Brake mechanism. .1 T 3Iacdonald, dr.
Bridle I'it I'l FI Withey.

Buckle. I) F Haltoii.

Buckle. I> L Sniith.

BiiTliiig iiiachiiies, abrasive coVer for. A W
lb igei's.

Buihlings, construction of. d 31 Goniell.
Butter' mohliiig and cutting device. L L
M ivelaz.

Butter, ]a'uducing ster ilized. G 31uller.
Cableway. T 8 3Iiiler.

Gan feeding macliine. H B 8tickiiey.

(.Ian lining machine. M B 8tickney.

Cal brake sy>tem. X Lombanl.

Car coupling. LT Backus.

Car coujthiig. H L l>uiilap.

Car Coupling. .1 T. Lampp.

(’ar fender. ( ' K Hall.

Car tender. F 8 Hogg.

(.Nir fender. K d 8milh.

Car guard, street. G A Barrett.

(.'ar healing api'aratus. d F3b Fl«oy.

Gar, railway. H W Lihhey.

Gar replac(M'. B E Ale.\auder.

Car tiaiisom. 'J' (.1 8alvetei'.

Carhoiiating column, d B and H. Watson.
Carding machines, ruh motion mechanism
for condenser. K Ka>.

Cai'iiet beating machine, d L Leach.

(.’arpet sweeper. G H («eie.

Gash recorder and indicator-. K H 31uller.
Casli register. H A and W G31iles.

Cash register and indicator, d P (.'leal.

Cash register iiig machine, d d Wel'sTer.
Cement, manufacture of. B K Bigby.

Cliaiii bar saw ing machine. ( ► Jvlatte.

Chain link, drive. C Fllart.

Chain shaclvle or coupling. B .J Bae.
Chains, rolls for the niauufaeture of. G
Klatte.

Checkrein. A W Cox.

Cliiistma-^ t'ee Indder. K I’ruckner.

Cliiick. C M ('oiiradson.

Cigar boxes, match l>ox and cigar cutter at-
tachment for'. C3Iyhie.

Cigar hiincliing macliine. .1 !>»• la 3Iar.
Cloth folding machine, d F Windle.

( 'lothes pounder, d .J 8)iHeliy.

Coke oveii. T and d Cummings.

('okeoveii. .\ l» 8I1 1 i‘W shiny.

Collar and liaim'S, combiiK il F D Pelletii*r.

■ omhustihic material, I'l 8colt.

Cooking utensil. 8 31 Hoagland.

('i)okiiig veN^el. J F Pack.

Copying, tlamping ap{taiatus for press. W
8 M eiidcnhall .

Crane, Indraulic. W Ij 8eaife.

Crate, folding. W 1! H 3Iiilford.

Crilt, folding. Fd Ebert.

Cultivator tooth. A V Byder.
l)eaf mute instruction, aj»paratus for. G A
Leech.

Hesk ami form, school. A 3Iarsch.

Hish cleaner. F A Conch.

Hoor check. E Ic Punzelt.

Door controlling device. .1 d Kinsey.
Honbling wehs of fabric longitudinally,
mechanism for. E Taiel E H 3Iaible.
T>o\\ ndraft kiln, comhination. F W' Dennis.
Dry air closet, (f K 8cates.
liiist collet tor. A Heine.

Dyidiig. 31 F Whihlstein and A II Peter.
iG namos on cur trucks, mounting. W Bid-
‘dle.

Educator, i[Uestioii and answer. 3V* B
Feai'ii.

Eljecting apparatus. A Jxlinger.

Electric motor controlling mechanism. G
II Bichaidsoii.

Electric motors, starting and contiolling
<le\ icefor .1 W 31oore.

Electrical converter, li II ilassler.

Electricity coinir< r. F A Brooj.

I’devalor gate and door. G B donos.

I'.mhryotonM'. ( ' 1 1 imi od

lOmery wheel attachment. A\' fj 31c(»<Miiiis.

I'higiiie indicator, steam 11 A 8pi!!ci'.

Engines, eh‘< tiical igniting device foi' gas.
A .1 Painter.

Engines, gas luLiter for internal coiiji.Histion.
W S Elliott, dr.

Exhibitor, coin controlled sur face. V P Dc-
ivniglit.

Fan attachment foi swings, etc. C 31 8hei'er.

Fare register and recorder. (• 8 8crgcuiit
and L .1 Hiit.

Feeil water limter. H Blake.

Feed water heater and cinder consumer. G
F Hilt.

Feed water heater and purifier 2. E G T
Colles.

Feeder for animals, time, d A Michael.

Felly cutting machine, wagon, d P Walter.

Fence. NV H Hanson.

Fence stretcher, w ire. C F Corns and 8 W'
denks.

Fence, wire. D Hei’shey an<l H Buck.

FeiK'es, macliine Ibi' weaving cross wires in
wire. F W 8h(‘llabm'glier.

Filter discharging device. G II 3Ioi,)re.

Filter, imritierand grease traj', feed water.
W Keevi-s.

Fire ping casing, tool for cutting recesses on
the inside 11 Tliomson.

Flood gate, automatic, d W 3iilligan and .J
A Tomlinson.

Floor hoard set G A Stewart.

Flour I'loth, macliine for the manufacture of
nio.saic. F W'alton.

Flour mill air holt, d 8 Dodge.

f I nit cleaning machine. T 11 Bell

Fiiruace. E .Jolicard.

Furnace for burning refus<‘ matter. T P
ftlalion.

Find, composition of matter for artiliciul.
E Nieiistaedt.

(dage and linger guard, combined. A T
Snell.

Garment clasj*. (d Bradshaw.

Gas meter. (' W Hininaii.

Gas met(T, coin freed, d Hawkyaid.

(.las, method of and means foi' ( liarging and
combining fermented or unfermeiited li<i-
nids witli carbonic acid. E .Vdam and 31
(.1 Behfuss.

Gh»vi-, lioxing. (.) .\ Burton.

Glove t>r gai rneiit fastening. IC Bidgway.dr.

Grip slot closi'iL F \V GriMiiimds.

(.Inn, breakdown. F A Hollenbeck.

Gun carriage, disappearing. W B (ioidoii.

Hanger. W and BTrewhclIa, dr.

Harrow. G Burkhart

Harrow, di.^k. .J C Bauer and.! P Feyuiei-
seii.

Heater. B II Laird.

Heating forced draft, T 31 Byiner dunes.

Hydrant, street, 11 'J'liomson.

I llusory apiiaratus. .K Lake.

Ironing hoard, d H Kiiileyaiid W PShucy.

.Itiiiinal box lor dredging or like niachineiy.
A W Bobi ns<.in.

Kettle, d .1 Kuck.

Kiln for burning pottery, clay, etc. R Heil-
man n.

Kite. E E Thayer.

Lace fastener'. E A Pmnyea.

Lamp, eha tiie incamh scent. F 31 F Gazin.

Lamp holder, ailjustable im allde^cent. 8 E
Nutting.

Lam]), incamlesci’iit electric. 1' M F Gazin.

Lamp, multi|ilc tllaineiit. A L Clough.

Lamps, working aic W 8 Horry.

Lantern, dark. V (h'oom.

Lasting machine. C W King.

Lathe, tui'ret. C 31 Gonradson.

Launch, naphtha. G Gould.

Lifting machine. D Nelson.

Loom warp slackeniiig mechanism. G F
Hutchins.

Lumber handeling apiiaratus for ilrying
kilns. 11 G Wadley.

31ail marking machine. F X Ethridge.

31atcli box and ash receiver, coinl'lned. T
Schafer.

Meat mixing machine. J H Schaefer.

3letal heiidiug machine, d B and J .1
Sclineider.

31illstone. 31 Ams.

31iuuow hneket. L W and 3V H Hemp.

31oI*i plates. ]ii'ocess of and hath for hanlen-
ing. L B Brown.

31oMing ma'.hiiie. N\’ W Doolittle.

31osaic, viti'i'oiis. L E 'r- nrind.

31usic, tnriicr, sheet. BE Wallace.

Nail machine feeder. E .1 Smilli.

Needle, I it'holl. F Kohimailll.

Noll* indicator. P ii'Cui'roll.

Nnt lock. I'i P Kendall.

Nut lock. H S( }iwalbeand H G Sthnciiler.
N lit lode. .1 'I'll innes.

( )i I en.gi luL 1 1 ( 'am phell.

< irdnance, devi<-e for inser ting or i cinoving
tubes in. 31 GledhiH

Ordnance. )>iessuie gage for use on heavv.
A C 3Ieady.

Ore I'oasliti.g Inr iDu e. II C Budge.

( ) gall. E E Brock.

Organ, reed. A .1 Bi-yiiohls,

Panoramic camera. F F Dumke.

Pants guard. ,J 11 Collister.

Pasting machine, paper. T 0 lu-xter.
I’atteiTi, trousers, d G Niekump.

Peach screen, d P W ilson.

Pen, tbniitaiii. .) J.iiika.

1 'i-ncil holdei . B W Irwin, .Ir.
Perambulator, eleeliically pi'ojielletl. E E
Keller

Plioiiogiajih <'oin ojieiated ineehaiiism. G
I'i 'fewksbury .

Pliotograjdiy by artiticial light. B 31
(diiiediiist, dr.

I*)pe coupling, tiexihle. J A Tjym h.

Pipe ji.dnt, steam or water, .1 A J’aihydt.
Pi|>e wreuch- 8 Kreisher.

Plauter. G E P Hobart.

Planter, corn, d Selby.

I’lantiTs, anchor for check row , .1 Valen

tieii.

Plug, fusible. G G laidlow.

Plush, etc., means for preventing creasing
or foldeil. A I lox.

PiKMimatic dispalcli s.ystems, receiving and
dispatch I'ox for-, b (.1 Bostedi.).

Piieninatic dispatch tube. L G Bostedo.
PowTM', apparatus for regulating livdrauiic
B 11 Thrope.

Power transmittiM'. .1 .\ .loliiison.

Piescioiis stones, macliine tbr ' utting. G
A rmeny.

Piess for plastic material. E. Jordan.
Printing press color attacliimMit. G L Law-
rence.

Projectiles, im'alis for measuiing the peiie-
, ti alive force of H Brunswig.

Punching and riveting mai liinc, combined,
d Baum.

i’yrotecliiiic compound d .-\goslini.

Bail str aigliteiiing maclii ID'. II Wick,. Jr,

Ibiilwav ci'os^iiig gate tnlie. 3\ L Dodge.
Ballway sy.'-tem, » Iccti ic. A C Cndioie
Bailway tiai.ks, consti'iutiou of. T H Gib-
i)on.

Builways, apparatus for automatic fog sig-
naling on. 1 1 F ( 'lai k.

Bamit’ or like maleiial to film', reducing,
d PA Pdaye.

Ba/.or lioiiing macliine. W H Mather.
Befrigei atoi' ».ai . F 1'j (.'aiida.

Befi igcialor car. II B Plant.

BelVigei'utoi's, cooling. T Sclietllcr.

Boasting furnace. .) Boger.

Boot! ng, vcgetalile liber. G 3IcTear.

Bope laying deviciL E 31 Iveus.

Builder lock. 11 L Bowdoiu.

Sami molds, api'aratus for loimujg. 8 d
Adams.

Sash balance. L Huntington.

Sash fastener N dolinsoa.

Sasli lock and hurglar alarm, comhiiied. d
F Buschmanii.

Saw set. D A .Vt Hold,

Scales, self regi.ster tor weighing. ( > Baney.
Scales, weigh li"ppcr for plalKain. F W'
Bond.

Screen. G \V Cmss.

Screw driver. .1 Swan.

Seal. B .1 Sturlevant.

Secondary battery. A E Pey rii>.son.

Sewing niacliiiD'. .J Haas ami B Lintz.
Sewing macliine. J’' Liclitfeldt.

Sewing machim*. H F Nason.

Sewing macliine loop taker. P Hichl.
Sewing machine, oscillating houlc fbr 2. P
Diehl.

Shade fixture, adjustable window. F E
NVagner.

Shade hanger. A 31 Bergner.

Sh.-lf roll.-r, liook. P .1 Pauly. .Ir
Sliip. A Foi rst'-.

S ilt. G F Pool<'y .

Slioc fastening, C C Iciselilici-g.

Shoe. ! M I lied- NV 1 ioi dnn.

Signal .''Vstem, bloclj. (', L Tlioina-.

Siphon. B '1 ha\ er.

Sirup''. ;ipparalim foi' makiiig^. B II Hun-
stock .

Slate.s, putting coloreil lines on .s> hool, W'
A Sro< kiM'.

Slop jai' in‘'Ullipiecc. I. W Scoville and W
W’ l»i>i iiin.

Simw plow, elei-li ic. L .1 Hii t.

Spice I'i'ceptacle, T W’ Braillield.

Sj'iiiniiig frame sejiatat"!'. E Bho:ide>.
Spout lor vessels. L G Kinsey.

Sunare, steel. .1 G /nek.

Sijuai'i*, stoiie worlii-r's gage, d H G"i'man.
Steam engine. B ( bii'.'>taiig.

Sti am eiigi ID- revel'^ible. F Lester.

Stejim generator 2. T Ij and '1' .1 Sturte-
vunt.

Sloppei'. .T L 31iller.

Store Service. LG Bo.stedo
Stove top. \V G Price,

Stretching block. A Miillei' and L Sdnilz
Siringed lustnimaiit attachment. A Pietscli,
Surcingle. F .3 Le Gniint.

Sw ill'll oi'ei aling dc\ ice. li II 3!' Ke- .
Switih >laiid. C Partington.

Syringe, d Hardman, .Jr.

Tea kettle. C F Ehliiig.

Teapot, coffee pot etc. V llaiicock.

T( legia|d), signal. G V Buughtoii.
d'ideplioiie. S H Field.

'I'elephoiie sw itcli . d 0 Ziegler.

T'-sliiig machine, ceiitrilugal. F Hiigcr-
.•«iion.

d’hill coupling. 3N’ D riiriier.

Thrasliiiig macliine. W 11 Bowen.
Tll1'a^hiug inachiiD- self feeder and band
cutter. W F Hall.

Tile, rooliiig. .3 Kayser.

Till plate cleaning and iiolisliiiig in.'ichinc.
G .1 Becord.

Ting elastic metulic. (i M'alzel.

Tire, (Uieiiinatic. G C Moore.

Tiles, device for iiilhiting pneumatic B 11
Bice.

Tobacco and siuitf receptacle. (.’ P Geritz
and F II ( ’ Stamm.

'I'oolh cro^vus, forming. .1 (i HoHingsw ■ u th.
Tooth pick macliine. W’ F Hulchiiison.

Top. 11 K T Collin.

Toi'iiedois, liiacliim' for pUu ing tnu k. S
Myers.

Track clearer. (> Bethrock.

Traw 1 line. W' T W bite.

Tiicyle. E He.ri iiigloii.

Trolley cati'liei. Is .M Driimiiioiid.

I’roiisers clas]* oi‘ giiai d. (.J A Towel.

Ti lick. P. (.loblcij'ky.

Type writing niacliiiie line spacing de\ice.
W’ Goiey.

Val ises, etc. . attachment for. A H Allier
.shai'dt.

Valve for oil wells, check E f.Aaiis.

\ al\ e, >traiglit w ay . 1'^ H Lunkeii.

N’apor Imi ncr. f] Kdls.

V.'hide '.lake. D 1. .Miller.

Vidiicle warming device. .1 Bn del ick.
Vehicles, top Ihjx ol' rack atladiiiuMit lor.
li I! Hansen.

3’eloeipede j.edal and crank. N Buhili.steili.

< ' Cluley, and E Clarke.

Vending inidiiu*'. coin controlled 2. d I*
Tiriell and .1 W W'iilard.

Veneer cntiing machines, stripi'iiig atlach-
iikmiT for. W F 1 1 iiti'hinson.

ViMieers, mannfactiii ing. C Kosler.

Vessels deN’ice for the [Uotection ol. \\’ H
Baily, Sr.

AN'aisi, garment. L Cuatney.

Wall fastening. G l.eicht.

VN'aslilub. (,) Biiieck.

Washing machine. E (> 31 Hal'cracker.

W ashing macliine. fd) Merrow.

Water gage, saldv. F L Wolfe.

Wheel.'' HSGIicU.

W hillhtree. W !1 H Spradin.

Windmill G II Poe.

VN’indinill regulator, automatic. T L Beg-
ester.

Window frame and sasli, A P Nielsen,

Yoke center, neck. .J Thieleii.

Yoke, neck. G B Ilobiuii.

WILLETT & RUOFF,

ATTERS

AND

FURRIERO

'XI5 Penn. Ave..
near 9lh St.

Knights Templar Regalia,

!>• C\

Sole Agents for Dunlap Sc Co.*s New York Hats.
Furs Received on Storage.

T. E. CAEEEL,

Contractor and Builder,

Cabinet 3Vork a Specialty. Jobbing- done
Promptly. Estimates for Huildings Fur-
nished. Work Contracted for on the Hest
Terms. Charges NIoderate.

1131 1st Street, N. W., Washington, D. C

C. E. FINCH,

STAIR BUILDER,

1714 loth Street, N. AV.

WASIIIN'GTOX, I). C.

New AVootl aiitl Coal VartL

P R. TAVENNER & BRO.,

Wood and Coal Dealers

3323 M Street, W. Washington.

All kinds of of ctial at lowest rates served in
aiyv quantity', and prompt deli very' guaranteed.
Coal under cover.

i68

THE lEVEiSTTIVE AQE

WHO
CAN
NOT

hoar fro in
l li 0 i r altor-
iiov, or the
L'oinniissioiier
of I’eiisioiis
should at OTKr
writo to

I^ronipt altouiioii and I L. C. W 0 0 D & C O.,
a \'i;/«)roiis pro^o''^*" Pension Attorne}>'S,
lion yiviMi ovory j 5n7 K. st., X \V.,

' claim placed with us | Washinjj'‘loii. D.C.

PATENTS.

CO

cc

<

LU

Q

<

DC

H

R. N. STEVEN5,

Attorney and Solicitor,

Procures Foreign and Domes-
tic Patents at Moderate Rates.
Advice and Book of Instruc-
tions Free.

Correspoiitlfiicf Solicited. .Vll LcUers
Conlideritial.

D

m

O

z

CO

Inventive Age Bl dg. WASHINGTON, D. C.

gii F Street, N. W.,
WA^SH INCVTON, 13. C.

W. C. SHELLEY,

RTTORNEYand • • •
• COUNSELLOR at

Mllg lillSIllfSS

KELLOGG BLIILDI^G,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

t'A rn A L #1.10,000.

E. S. PARKER,

A. E. FOX.

CLARENCE CORSON,

. Piu'^idcut.
I V( I'- Pi'i sidi iil,

. Cashit'f.

General Court and Departmental
Practice.

PATENTS.

For tdeveii years I have (h‘Voled my
lime exclusively to the pn*]»aratioii
and proseciilioti <>1 ap])l icalion s for
PATENTS. TRADE-MARKS and
C'( > P R 1< I HTS. to tlu‘ manatriMiieii t
of interferences, to reiideriiiL'' opin-
ions as to scojH* and validity of
patents, to 111 ak illy i>relimiiiary
searches, and to atleiidiiiy to ail
matters ladatiiiy to pateiiis or inven-
tions. IIiylu‘st nd'iM'ences in all parts
of the country. Send for hand-book
on patents.

KIIESA <i. DuliOIS,

Inventive Aye Puildiny. Washinc.ti.ix. D. C

L. C. WOOD,

Atlonicv mill
Solicitor "i

and llorncstic Pi'ltCIltS.

('orr<‘S|>oiMl<‘iic«‘ Solicit<‘<l.

L. C. Wood Building,

507 E St. N. VV.,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

THOMSON JAY HUDSON,

Attorney at Law,

V Street, X. AV. WASHIN(;T0N, D. C.

Counsellor and Kxjiert in Patent
Causes. Seven years experience as
Princiiial Examiner in the Ikiteiit
Office. ■

PATENTS OBTAINED.

E. W. ANDERSON & CO.,

Counsellors at Law,

700 7thStreet, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Exam illations without charye.

In veil tor's (i 11 ides free.

C. J. STOCKMAN. F. E. WELCH.

021 Tth St., X. \V., 20 Kimball House,

Wasliinytoii, D. C. Atlanta, Ga.

STOCKMAN S WELCH,

EXPERTS IN PATENTS,

All work attended to jiromptly and faithfully

Correspondence Solicited.

Our clients will have the

privleye of ])laci ny a model Washington, D. C.

of their ill veniion on exhi-
bition in our section in the

Atlanta Exposition to be Atlanta, Ga.

held in 1805, without cost
to them.

AN UNEXCELLED
TIMEPIECE.

THE PREMIER WHTCH.

IXCIA J>IXG CHAIN AM) CHAH3I.

Ill'll^ k IVIL4ll(l,tl. A.JI\ tll4ll VII^IIV V

::aa:;:;'i-v,:; f,:;:.';: THE, CHEAPEST REEILE ITCH EIEH GIVEN TO THE PUBLIC,

This lUAv watch i# very similar to the Triumph which has yiven unbounded satisfaction and of
which wi* have yivni <tnt thousands <luriiiy the last six months, with a marked reduction in size
and many minor improvements in case. Eiiiish and mov*‘menl.

It is an Amorican w.itch that will ke«*p H<*ciirate fliiie, and will not yet out of order. Tliis
yiia ra 111 <*«• or nnmo v ref 11 nded . The man u factu rers ha vf concent rated t ludr en t i re effort on

and we

_^tionon

il and fully y ua r.iii tee i t . I'lie (,’ase is stronyly made and carelully titled i<» exclude <lust. It
is O pen I'’ae<* wi I h heavy jxilislied bevel crystal. Case is lieavi I v ])lated aiul handsomely (i nished
ill yiit t losely ri'sc in hi i 11 y yold hy a special process known only to the makers. Weiyht of watch
coinjilete 4'.' oz. 'Dm* Alovi'ineiit combines many patent devices, iiicliidiny American Lever,
Lantern Pinion, I’alent Esc.iiHoneiit, Patmit Wi ndi iiy Attachment. Four or live turns of wind-
in y allachmeiil wind for 24 to 3(i hours. The cut, which falls far short of doiny it justice, exactly
rein'esimls I he w.itch three-fourths size,

A FEW TESTIMONIALS.

Jfi«. Tv. SlcidiTTore,
Uiiitol States and
Eoreiyii I’ateiits.

Designs, Trademarks and Copyrights.

.Miami, lll.lg.. W.VSHIXGTi )X, D.C.
Mori-. th.\n 15 N'i:.\ks Expi-.Kii-.Ncr..

R. M. BROWN,

Artists and
Painters Supplies.
American and French
Window Glass.

S. W. . Iir. Till iV N -.Is. X. \V.,

w.Tsiiixi.'nix. 1). c.

Whitaker & Prevost,

Attorneys and
Counsellors at Law,

PATENTS AND PATENT CAUSES.

Bischoff Building, 610 F St., N. W.,
W.XSIIIXGTOX. D. C.

Don't pay any atUmtion to i‘vil n-ports.

Don't lie too quick to coildemil.

Don't repicit what your neiyhbors say, they
may ln‘ misiaken.

Don't invent a story from itnayination.

Don't j>ut your nioiiev in an old trunk and
expect to lind it there after tin* liousi^ is
hii rued.

INVEST IT.

The Fidelity Building, Loan

\ .\ I '

Inuestrnent flss’n

OFFERS SI'FCFM. IXUrCFMEXTS TO
.\.\VoXF I.ooKIXi, FOR

A. 1 J ss < ) e L" 'I' ic ss 1; c L’ 1 r v.

■XW 'J14 Or ST. X. W.

H A K K ISI.l.N 1 ) I X( . M A .V .
Twi'.iAiAi.i-,. I’r.'siiU'iil.

Si'crt'l ;ir,v.

PATENTS.

Caveats, Trade Marks,
Designs, Etc.

Report as to patentability of invention
Fki-.f: of L'iiahgf:. Uiisuri>assed facilities.
Moderate terms. Before apply iny for a patent
write us. All information tind advice Fkek.

GLASCOCK & CO.

OoO F Street, N'. \\ Washingtun, 1). C.

The watch I ri*ceivetl from yon ki*e])S admirable
time and coni pares wit h one cost! ny $5D.

'I'lios. M.\KriN, Hartford, Conn,

I am niiich phrased with tin* watch vou sent
me. It ki‘f])s riyht upon lime with the reyula-
lor. It has in»l variod a minute in two weeks.

Dk. A.ndi-.kson, Webb City, INlo.

I havt* rect‘ivt*d watch ami am pleased to say
that _\ tnir praiso of its real worth was not over-

drawn in any ])articular. It has kept ])erfect
time and tlie price paid for it surprises every
one.

B. F. Hardman, Wiiitsbury, Wash.

The watch I received of you is keeping first-
rate time; runtiiiiy with an e.xjiensi ve one with-
out variation. Tlie wonder is, how they can be
made for the price.

J. S. Grannis, Cleveland, Ohio.

J . n . VALE

PITENTS m TRADE MURKS,

Attorney and Counsellor at Law.

Atlantic Bnildiny,

D28 F St. X. W. WASHINt'rTON, 1). C.

PATENTS I Oli INVENTIONS.

RICHARD P. EVANS & CO.,

Counsellors at Law.

Attorneys in Solicitors of United
Patent States and Foreign

Causes. Patents.

464 La. Ave., Washington, D. C.

Write for our book, “I’ATFNT LAW AND
PRACTICE," .sent free ujkui request.

11. IL SIAIMS,

Carpenter and Builder.

Shop in Rear of 920 M St. N.W.,

Washington, D. C.

Weather Strips. Window Screens.

and Labels registered. Twenty-five years ex-
perience. We report whether patent, can bo
secured or not, freet»fch.'irye. Onrfee notdue
until patent is Allowed. 3«i»aye Hook Free*

H. B. WILLSON A. CO., Attorneys at Law,
0pp. u.s. Lut.omce. WASHINGTON, D. C,

THE

Railroad Car Journal

IS THE ONLY

publication in (he world devoted
exclusively to the construction,
maintenance and iiiterchanye of
Railroad CarEijuipmenl. A Jour-
nal for Siiperi ntendent of Car De-
partmeiil. Foreman, Inspector
and Repairer; and especially for
inventors of car appliances.
Subscription ONE DOLLAR per
year. Sample Copy Gratis.

617 Vanderbilt Building, NEW YORK

JoItit C. HoNsrland,

ATTOPNFY AT I AW

OOMESTIG AND EOREIGN PATENTS SECUREO.

(Late Principal Examiner of the
General Land Office.)

Special Attention to Laud, Patent,
and Corporation Cases.

15 AVarder Bld’y, Washington, D C,

HOW TO OFT IT Wo win send this AVatcIi, which we fully yuaramee, includiny chain
1 11/ TT 1 \/ \1L 1 I 1 • jiud <*hariii, l’ia*p as a premium to any one sendiny us a club of only S
yearly subscribers to Tin-. I n vi nti \'i-: A<.k. Or to such as wish to purchase oiitriyht we will
seiidil for only $1. 50, or wi t h Til 1-: I N V i-.NTi VE A(7 K one year for $2.25. Postaye paid by us in
each case. We can furnish watch with Roman dial or Arabic, which style we show in cut.

Address all orders to THE INVENTIVE AGE. 8th and H Sts., Washington, D. C.

The Norris Peters Company?

Photo=Litho^raphers,

4;>.S-4()0 1*01111. Avoiiuo, Wasliinytoii, 1). C.

Special atteiitiou yiven to the reiiroduction and printing of copies on ijarcliiiient, drawiiig-
pajier, traciny-lineii, and cardboard, of Patent Office drawings for attorneys to accompany' appli-
cation for patents in foreign countries.

the: tnve:ntive aoe.

C. B. Church, Pres't. W. H. Yerkes, Supt.

"Wholesale and Retail Dealers in

ItKlVJVi: IS KO IC K.

A Constant Supply Guaranteed Through-
out the Season.

Prices as Low a.s any Responsible Conipaiyv in
the District.

OKKICE; 910 P*eiaja. A.-s-eiiiie,
WASHINGTON. D. C.

Depots: 9th St. Wharf. 3108 Water St.

Wm. MacKENZIE & CO.,

Contractors in Stone Work.

Estimates Cheerfully Furnished.

S. W. Cor. N. J. Ave. and R Street, N. W,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

W.

DEALER IN’

Contractor’s • •

• • Supplies,

SHIP CHANDLERY AND 3rA-
RINE HARDIVAltE,

Blocks, Cordage, Machinists' and En*
gineer's Supplies,

3 1 A It X II S S ,

220 Tenth St., Corner of C Street Northwest,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

ir. KorPBL,
^Ttist TailoT,

718 Nth STREET Northwest.

Spring and Suniiner Stock now on hand to
select from.

PRICES RE.tSONABLE. . .

The inventor ofl'er.s state and county
easy terms.

NOVEL BARBER CHAIR.

Mr. Samuel Cloutier, of IvCwiston.
Me., is the inventor of a very ingenious,
device in the shape of a barbers' chair,
that promises to supersede everything
in that line. It combines comfort ;ind
ease in the occupant of the chair
with perfect and easy manipulation on
the ])art of the barber. The chair is al-
most automatic in its movements and
rises and lowers, and reclines and re-
volves on the application of the slightest
power.

The invention has great merit and
possesses vast possibilities in the hands
of an enterprising person,
rights, or his entire interest, for sale on

STANTON’S STRAINING POT.

Pat. February 18, 1890.

No. Patent 421,777.

This device combines a vessel into which liquids
maj' be poured or drawn, the operation of straining
and measuring- being- accomplished at the same time.
A cut of the receptacle gives a clear idea of the con-
struction. The bodj' of the pot is ctdiudrical in
shape, with ribs or riiig-s placed at various distances
to afford means to measure the contents. A funnel
strainer is seated within the top of the pot, so that
liquids are guided as well as strained as tliev enter,
A liti cu.i.e.'. ovei tins to etfectuallj- keep out dirt and dust should the contents be
left standing, A funnel-shaped outlet at the top of the pot provides means to
pour out the contents: a strainer placed within this outlet g-iving- the passing-
liquid a second straining-, A cap attached to the side bj' a short chain is in
handy reach to close the spout, thus keeping all dust or insects from entering-.
This Straining- Pot should find a place in families, drug stores, liquor dealers,
and all grocery stores. The whole patent is offered for sale or will be placed on
a roj-alty, or will be sold bj' state or county as desired by purchaser. For in-
formation address, GEOKCfE C, STANToX, New Ikekia, La.

TAVO jSTEW books.

JUST PUBLISHED.

How to Build a One=Fourth Horse=Power
Motor or Dynamo.

Montague & Fuller,

Latest Improved

Bookbinders’

Machinery.

The Largest Line of Machinery
of any House in the World.

2.8 Reade St.. NEW YORK.

345 Dearborn St., CHICAGO

By A. E. WATSON.

1 lliis^tpated Avitli full Avorlvingf tlrawiiigs^.

rUTC E, rAPEU, 25 CTS. (TOTH, 50 CTS.

HouJ to Btiild a One-Half fforse-Pouler
Motor or Dynamo.

By A. E. WATSON.

Illustrated with full working drawings.

WALLACE WOODWARD,

Furnaces, Ranges and Latrobes,

Set an<l ItepaireO.

Roofiiiof, Gutteriiiir and Spoutitijr.
Smokey Chimneys Cured. Brick
work repaired. Roof Paintiny. AU
orders promptly aileiided to.

143)4 T Street, N. W., "W.vshixgton. D. C.

ELECTRIC TELEPHONE

Sold ontright, no rent, no royalty. Adapted
to City, Village or Country. Needed in every
home, shop, store and office. Greatest conven-
ience and best peller on earth.

A|pentA make from ^5 to ^0 per day.

One in a residence means a sale to all the
neighbors. Fine instruments, no toys, works
anywhere, any distance. C/omplete, ready for
use when shipped. Can be put up by any one,
never out of order, no repairing, lasts a life
time. Warranted. A money maker. Write

W. P, Harrison L Co., Clerk 10, Columbus, 0.

JOS E. HODGSON.

Fuanaces, Ranges and Latrobes,

ROOFING, GUTTERING and SPOUTING..

Jobbiiiff Promptly Attended to.

All Work Guaranteed.

Repairs furnished for all kind of Stoves.

435 Eiglith Street, .Southeast.
WASHINGTON, D. C.

Both books give complete directions for building- and winding for different outputs for .Arc.
Incandescent Lighting, Electro-Plating or Motor Power.

Fricc, paiicr, 25 cts. - ChUh, 5D els*

INYENTIA E A<iE lTT»L!SIIIN(i C03irAN V,

8th and H Sts., WASHINGTON, D. C.

Hatch & Holmes Alaiiiifactiiriiig Co.,

3Iaiinf‘aeturors

Special Tools,
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W IlJE A\ OKTCIJXCi

I’ocket Ciillery to (be Wurlil Under "The llatidi Cutlery Co.”

The Blades of every Knife manufactured under this brand are yuaraiiteed free from cracks
and not soft. Any knife not giving* satisfaction through either of the above faults, will be re-
placed by a new knife at the factory.

Cor. Kossuth & Seymore Sts., Bridgeport, Conn.
EDAV AED G ( )EMANr,

PRACTICAL

PUirnbep = and = Gas = Fitter,

IN ALL ITS BRANCHES.

Reasonable, Durable and Prompt.

124 B St,, N, E. Washington. D. C,

J\ F. LTXKTX S,

I I o TJ s y: r* I X r i x ci ,

And Interior Decorating,

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One of the most interesii lur and ust*ful
book's for inventors published. Kht-
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The above book and the In vkntiv]-:

Age one rear. SI. 35. Address

THE INVENTIVE AGE.

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Patents iiiiil Patent Paii.sev

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Estimates cheerfully furnislu>d. Our terms
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.1. set lum'zr. veil.

Mechanician and Modei Maker,

Models lor Patents and F\i»eriinents.

Electrical and Meteorlouical Illstrumenl*^ and
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NEW BOOK-.irST OE T.

How to Make and Use the Telephone.

I!y GKDr.GK H. ( VltV, V. 41.

Ill list ral.Ml ^vith worK-ing drawings: and
givrs pr:u-lical directions for building :ind o])-
erating teleplione lines. Just tlie book for an v-
body interested in this subioct. It is the latest
book iniblislied. and is up to date.

Coiilcnts: Chap. I. The Teleplione. II. The
Telephone Line. III. How to make Receivers
of Simple Construction. IV. Batteries best
suited to Telephone AVork. V. Mag-neto Call
Bells. 4 I. Switch-boards. VII. Telephone
Troubles and How to Retiiedt- Them.

pa itl, SI.

Address, THE INVENTIVE AGE,
Washington, D, C,

THK INVENTIVE AOE

170

MECHANICS

Diplomas Awakdkd. Courses in other
tradi's. all incliulinjj' Ihoroiiyli instruction in
Mallienialics and Physics. Send for KRKIC
Circular statin^' >^uhject yoiigwish to study, to

The < 'oriM'S)>oii<h'ii<‘e S<'h<»ol ot ]VIe<'li;mies,
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EDWARD P. THOmVON M. E.,
SOLICITOR OF PATENTS.

Author " How to Hake Inventions.”

3 to 0 Tioekiiian St.. Now York.

Ton years' oxperioiici* in the intricate patent
laws of tifty foreign countries anil the ITnited
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with ont-of-'.owit clients. .Secrec.v t.'‘n;ir;uiteed.

WOOD COAL

Dry well-seasoned Wood.
Free-Burning Coke.
First Grade Coal.

* Sole Ag'enl for the •

Celebrated ARGYLL STEAMING COAL.

TIIOS. IL MARTIN,

AI.mn Oi'-fiCK; 03d 2dtli St. N. W.,

WASHINGTON. 1). C Telephone ITt.i..

1>. S. AIUUPilY,

Practical Tinninj? and Heatiiys;,

Steel Plate Furnaces, Kaiigt's and Lat robes.

.1 ()l)l)i ng* done on short notice.

N. W. CoKNivK 3rd and H Stkickts,
WASHINGTON, I). C.

WM. DUFFY,

REGISTERED

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lino N. ( .MMTOI. ST.,

WASinx(,T().N\ D. C.

riM A I'LlKNIiSI II£I )

Orders by mail will receive prompt
alteiilioii.

FREDERICK CARL,

Successor to IC. H. I’>K.\i>i'ni\'i>.

Model Maker,

Expert in Perfect Workiiiii; Models,

S. H. HINES,

UNDERTAKER AND EHSALHER,

2203 and 2205 14th St., N. W., Washington, D. C.

With si.xleen rears* experience offers himself to the public to do all Icinds of funeral
work, and guarantee prompt attention and the very best of service at the lowest
I)rici“s. INh'tallic caskets furnished when so d(‘sired.

Ojn'ii Day and Night. T<*h*phoiH‘, Cliairs for Hire on all Oc-oaslons.

Arrangements can be made with us for funerals in any city in the United States, or for
transfer of bodies from one city to another.

Ttie Peoples Co-operative Burial Association,

All ])ersnns whi) may be calk'd on to bury a member of thuir family or a friend are res-
pi'Ctfullv inviU'd to call at the office of the Co-operative Burial Association and
I'xamiiie our certificates representing S50 and SlOO funerals. Cerlificales when paid
up. draw 4 per cent inteiT'st. and are transferabU' to any one. Cash or install, as
‘prefered. A 11 of on r f u lU'rals wi 11 ha ve prom pt att eii 1 ion and the Ih'SI of services
guar.inti'ed. Examine and be' con vinced of xour interest i 11 the matter. Open day
and night h>r funeral work. Teli'iihone, 775.

S. T I. I I I X IgS. m'('si(Icut,

iiiiii ij'jo,-. 1 Till sti-iM i, N. w.

Shoes to
measure, $5.

We wiil make to vour measure a
Russet or ]>lack Shoe in any shape
or stx'le yon may select fevr S5. We
g’uarantee leather, wvn'kmanship and
tit. You can't buy it any cheaper
ready made. Drop in at once and
let us measure vour feet.

WIL50N,

929 F Street.

E MORRISON PAPER fOMPflNY,

Dealers in Wrapping Paper, Flour Sacks, Paper Bags,

Twine, Shipping Tags, Straw Board, Ice Cream Boxes, Writing and
Printing Papers and Envelopes

Agents for Holyoke Flat and Writing Papers, Collins’ Printers’ and Photographers
Cards, Chas. Eneu Johnson & Co.’s Printers Ink.

No. 1009 Penn. Ave. N. W., WASHINGTON, I). C.

The Advertisers, Subscribers and Readers

(H the Inventive Age will secure m'aliu'ss, dispatch and
moderate prices on all kinds of printing by calling* on

The Aii'e l*riiitin}j; Company,

Corner 8th and H Streets, N. W.

Call ns u]) by Telephone, 1510, and our representative
will visit yon, givt' estiiiates and take orders.

ALSITE SOLDER

I'OIi

ALUMINUM.

Does not disi iitt'gTale. Tlie Butt joint can be
rolled, hammered, or drawn. Full ]>articulars
on ajiplication. ABSITE ABUMINUM CO.,
!()(» Liberty St., New V(U*k.

The Best Kind
of an Investment.

Tlic])rice of large timber tracts in the South
has increased 200 ])er cent in the last six y'ears.
Will increase more rapidly as tracts grow
scarcer.

The Interstate Land Bureau, room 40, Nation-
al Union Building. Washington, D. C., has for
sale over 1.500. 000 acres of timber land, in tracts
from 10.000 to 300, ()00 acres, in Kentucky, North
Carolina, Florida, Alabama. Georgia. Louisiana
and Texas. Prices from SI to S8 per acre.

Also land for colonies in Soulheni Maryland,
Virginia, Alabama and Georgia. Good unim-
proved farming* land in Alabama and Georgia,
easv of access to markets, from $2 loS3 per acre.

Also coal land in Tennessee, Kentucky and
West Virginia.

Also cheap farms in Virginia and Maryland,
and choice g’old mi ii i ng properties in Virg*inia,
Maryland, North Carolina and Georg*ia.

A Iso choice jiroiiert ies for large or small in-
vestors in and about Washington. TheBureau
has ri'liable agfents in London and Amsterdam.

A\ iM. EDd Alt ROGERS,

aiul Gen’l iManager.

T. H. Ali-:x.\ni>i:k.

Attin jii-y (Hiii ('tuoisiUor at Lav'.

EsT.XDi.isirEi) 1S57.

Aktht'r E. Dowici.l,

n/ Lav. Mt't hamcal Exfu'yt.

AHKXANDKR & DOWKHH,

SOLICITORS OF PATENTS.

UotHiis : I , 't ami fl, Alarlth- I hiihling, <>07 71 h St X. AV., AA’^a shin "Ton, D.

Send tor our Book on Patents.

1^. i>x:wii:ES,

Attorney and Counsellor at Law,

iMvGill l^uil.lillK. IMl.S O St., N. AV.,

WASHINGTON, I). C.

i’r.'iclici'S ill the SiipreiiK' Court of the United
Stules, the Court of Claims and the .several
Courts of the District of Columbia. Has had
eii.'-ht 3'ears experience in the Artrumeiit of
Dateul and other cases befoi'e the Courts, repre-
senting- the Gonervment.

The National Lithographing Co.,

461 and 463 C Street, WASHINGTON, D. C.

NOW READY.

An Entirely New and Practical
Work on Patents.

Di"'^lgiiing*. Drafting and Perfect AVorlc-
ing Models for Inventors. iShxk'ls made
from '^ketches. Patent Offici* drawings
or honu'-made models. Dipdicates made
of Patt'iit Offici' niodi'ls for law suits in
casi' of infriiig*enieiit. Patents made
from wood and metal. Manufacturing*
of Novt'lties.

711 O Street, opposite U. S. Patent Ltffice,
WASHINGTON. D. C.

E s T A p. la s 1 1 !•: T) 1 S57 .

W. W. KIMBALL CO.

MANUF.'W'TUKKKS OF

PIANOS AND ORGANS,

Highest Honors World’s Fair.

60 Organs Daily. CHICAGO. 20 Pianos Daily

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rv abash Avenue near Jackson Street.
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I. The Patent •Franchise.

II. Pocisions Relating to Patents for Inven-
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III. Decisions Relal inn to Patents for Desig-ns.

IV. Decisions Relating- to Trade-marks and
Labels.

APPENDIX A. Copyrights.

APPENDIX 15. Foreign Patents.

Table of Cases.

One A'ol. 8vo. Law Sheep. Price #5.00 net.

LITTLE, BROWN 5 COMPANY,

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254 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON.

THE

AOE

171

$1,000 REWARD

To every inventor takinjr out a patent
throug*!! our office. For particulars and a 7(i
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Mention this paper. A. M. CARLSEN. Prop.

M. Losano & Son,

Importing Tailors,

818 F Street, Northwest,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

E. C. GILL, Manager,

Washington Lime and Cement Company,

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Lime, Plas-
ter, Antietam and Portland Cements. Flue
Lininy Slate, Feed, Wood and Coal, Whole-
sale and Retail. Lime and Antietam Ce-
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Cheerfully Furnished. Tklephonb 167').

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GATCHEI& TOMPKINS,

Tailors and Importers,

418 12th STREET, N. W.,

WASHINOTON, l>. C.

Moore’s Shoe Palace

have shoes to suit
everyliody t)oth as
regards price, tit
and quality'. We
want 3'onr permi-
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pair of shoes g-i,ar-
anteed, and a ticket
to tlie purchaser of
slioes from 98 cents
and up, 20 of these
entitles the holder
to a pair of onr best
S'!. 50 shoes.

Moore’s

Shoe

Palace,

810 7th Street,

(Next to Kiiig-’s P.olace.) tV.\SHIX(iTON.

ETTINGER & SMITH,

Contractors

and Builders,

THE LINOTYPE,

Machine Composition.

Only Successful Machine in Use.

This machine, operated by finirer keys like a I vpewriltM*. anloniat ically jirodnco'' and a
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• • •

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Address

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)

1.

Photographic Views

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The achievomeiils in Mechanics, in Arcliitoclure, in Art and in Science of that irreat event, with
all its marvelous Exhibits. Scenes and Surronnding-s, which produced the subHnu* spec-
tacle. has passed away, but thanks to photography, it yet lives for the enterlainment and
editicatioii of the muUitudes and for posterity in a realaslic and

Magnificent Panorama .‘.’i World’s Fair,

Showing- ])ictnres of g-rand Dnildiiig-s, of g-liltcring- Domes, of massive Arches. of noble Slalnary,
of jelling- Fountains, of beautiful Interior Exhibit"., of Venetian (.Tondolas. g-lidiiig’ ovyr
the deep Lagfoons, of Pavilions, of Foreig^n Villag-es. of Cafes, of the Wooded Island, and
many otlier attractions of the Dream City and

The Famous Midway Plaisance, The Bazaar of Nations, or
The Side=show of the World’s Fair.

Those who went to
the Fair

Will live in these i^iclnres and accompany-
ing- descriiilions, the delig^hts they exper-
ienced on that memorable trip to the Fair.
They are sure to exclaim. “Why, it SD(*ms
as ihoug-li I am rig-lit there I”

Gnr Panornma of the World's Fair consists
of OVER 200 SEPARATE and DISTINCT
VIEWS. It is issued in the form of Fonr
Art Portfolios. EACH PART CONTAINS
55 STTKPRISINGLY DEAUTIFUL PHO-
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200 Mag-nificent Pliotog-raplis, making- the
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Views issued — worthy a place on the center
table of the most eleg-ant mansion. Every-
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Four Parts.

Those who did not

go

Will find in iheiii a source <»f .great delig-lit
and education. With such jiii-tiires .and de-
scriptions they can yet visit llu* Fair in all
its g-lory. Parents slionld secure this
beautiful ])ictorial history f(^r tlieir chil-
d re 11.

HOW TO GET THESE VIEWS.

All four of these Art Portfolios, 220 riagnificent Views sent postage
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I ). IJ.M J

Practical Mechanician,

Constructor of Light Machinery. Experimental
and Model Work.

All orchT- ffir CiTtilii'd l)n]»licali‘" '-f I'aiHiit
6) ffu-t* M I >(h*K. and Nb-dcl- of an \ I ' O’ ’/n I'al-
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cast* <n i n f ri iigTiiu*!! t : .ab-o. ( i ri g-i ii al M oiUds fi »r
1 11 vi*nt(n's, and Moih-Is to comjfivti- application
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751 7lh Street. N. W.. WAsinXf. iox. I). C.

CM AS. K. (jocu tsw I ;i a

Carpenlfr and Builder,

15th Street Extended, Mt. Pleasant.

w.\snix(,Tox. I), c.

Jobbing- done in all its brandies.

Estimates cheerfully- furnishefl.

irxCELSiOR EDITION

-or-

o 5TdNDdRD Poets.

In large 12mo Volumes, beautifully printed, bound
in cloth. Price, 7 5 <'t«, cucli Postpaid.

This is the cheap-
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the foremost vTit-
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tainable in the
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named. The illus-
tration gives a fair
idea ot the shape
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Utandard Poets.

SH.AKKSPEAIIE’S Al'OKKS COMPLETE
TEXiN VSOX’S POETICAL \VOKK.S.
.IKiOISE’S POE,7IS.

MII/rON’S POE-tlS.
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BI’KNS’S POEitlS.

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Pilot TOR’S POE.MS.

IT CILE.

F.VM1L1.4R QI OT.ATIOIVS.

GEMS FROM THE POETS.

S.ACRED GEMS FROM THE POETS,
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AVHITTSER’S POETICAL AAORKS.

The above illustration gives a fair idea of the
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75 Cents per A^olume Postpaid.

I, lie of the .above books and the
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TUP IXVPXTTVK AGE.

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AV. E. COLIil KN,

GENERAL CONTRACTOR.

Portland Cement Walks. Steps and Pave-
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Box 33, Builders Exchange.

Residence 7004th St., N. E. W.\sinx(;TON, D. C.

K OIU T E J ' HIT C H .

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1424 Kith Street, near P St., ,\. W.,
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Repairing a specialt5‘. All work guaranteed.

172

TtiE INVENTIVE ^0:^.

Magnolia fletal

IN USE BY

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riagnolia Anti=Friction
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Owners and Sole Manufacturers.

T t (LNn’tluiKl 1 . "V'.

London Office : 75 Queen Victoria St.

Chicago Office: 51 Traders Building.

Announcement.

1 desire to announce to all my old friends and patrons
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interferes with business at the old stand. 1 have with-
dniw’u from the Standard, and will continue in the busi-
ness. 1 have put in an entire new plant, including' all
the latest machinery and appliances for executing' the
linest work known to the Engraver’s art.

.F TONE, Zi

COPPER EICRi

REUEE LINE

All first-class and executed promptly at reasonable rates.

Remember I am at the old stand

1 1 I «‘M til .

riaurice Joyce.

Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence,

PATENT

LAWYERS,

Solicitors and E.xperts.

602 F St., Washington, 1). C.

Established 1S6I.

KeO'reiiees : Dr. Jas. C. Wflliii”’. PrusidtMit
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Hon. .lolin T. Morg-aii, Hon. Jolni T. Hoard,
(ien. \V. S. Rosecrans and nianv others.

^4 1*515^0 liook T’ree,

JoDia W. ColliiiH,

Tin Roofing, Guttering and Spouting,

RANGES AND LATROBES.

T-^epairi ng a Sjiecially. Wtirk dont‘ on
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r n K

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CAPITAL, $1,000,000.

Call and set‘ or write to it's.

D. H. WARNEdK. President.

J N< E .1 n 'i' ICDS( >N. Vice-P resident.
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dN<>. R. t.'ARM()DV. T reasurer.

P. KM>II1S()N. St‘cretar\.
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W. S. JONES,

No. IIO.*; Sixili street. N'orUi wrst ,

COXTKACTOk X\\) BUILDER.

.lol,bin*r 1 ( (‘iiilf,! t,t.

Fstiniati'S funiislird on srhotrst nolico.

ENGRAVING AND PRINTING.

M !■: K c X T ii, !■; St .t t i c i x" e k v .
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T.\r,S .TXI) ('.EM F.^llELS.
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Diplomas,

BilDHeads,

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Letter=

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Checks,

Cards,

Drafts,

Notes,

Certificates
of Stock, 6:c,

0 All kinds of Commercial and 0
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Photo=Lithographing

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of Maps, Plats and
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1230 Pennsylvania Avenue,

Washington, D. C.

Id P] AT O W .

Jbe Standard Engrauing Cornpany

HAS REMOVED TO THE

Central Power Station,

• Rooms 562, 564, 566, 568 and 570,

FIFTH FLOOR, Near Passenger Elevators.

Fine Line and Half Tone Fhigraving.

Stereotyping. Eleetrotvping.

.VII VV'oi'lv I>t‘ 1 i \’e ro<l VV'Ikmi I’l-oni

The Washington National Building and Loan Association,

Ohio National Bank Building, Washington, D. C.

Par value of .'^hares?lD0. and the holder draws that amount In cash at matu-
rity, estimated at seven to uiR'ht years time. Cost is 60 cents niotUlily or
SlOO in adA aiice. On the latter cn.s7/ (f/r'/tAv/i/.v are 'paid semi-annuallx;, a/ 0
pt-r ( I'.nl per (Ddiiou on the amount paid in tlu‘ first two 3'ears and S per cent
l)er annum lliereafter. Stock can be wlthdraM'ii any time after three and
six months \vith 0 per cent and after two 3'ears with ^ i>er cent.
as a >iit'thod of sa~'i)to small or ini'csthi^ larar sums.

correspondence" solicited.

Hon. Joseph D. Taveor, President.

W. F. JOHXSOX, Gen'i JPana^er.

(,i:u. S. DOKEMUS.

FKAXK C. JUST

DOREMUS & JUST,

414 Eleventh St., Star Building,

WASHINGTON. D. C.

Model Makers, Manufacturers of Patented

Novelties and Electric Supplies.

All kinds Screxv machine work. Bicycles built to order, repaired, nickle plated
and enameled with baked enamel. Gold. Silver. Nickle, Copper and Bronze Plater.

liefiiiiwliotl in tlie Liitest Stales.
Out of town work solicited.

Fifth Year. I
No. g, i

WASHINGTON, D. C., SEPTEMBER, 1894.

1 Single Copies lo Cents.
'/ $1 Per Year.

Departed Qlory of the World’s Fair.

It will be with feeling's akin to sadness that visi-
tors to the World’s Fair, will look upon the four
views presented herewith. Those upon whose minds
was indelibly photographed the pleasing ensemble
of the great “ White City ” by Lake Michigan, will
regret to have that picture marred by a realization
of the present condition. Nothing now remains but
a shapeless mass of blackened ruins, a maze of
twisted iron and broken columns, a ])ictureof desola-
tion and departed glory. On the evening following

nificent tower and sculptures, as if unable to bear
the sight of destruction, leaped inwardly upon the
fiery mass, falling in twelve minutes after igniting.
The Mining and Electricity buildings and the Ma-
chinery Hall b}' this time were seething masses of
flames, followed bj’ the Liberal Arts, and before the
material gave out all that was left of the White City
were the Government, Fine Arts and Transportation
buildings. The fire department was powerless and
could only devote its attention to saving the Art
building, now the Field Columbian IMuseum. While

the government building at the Chic.ago World’s
Fair, worth S4()0,h0i); :?50,000 to move it and put it up,
and 8150,000 for the exhibit itself, making S600,0O<)
benefit, besides the stamp of the nation on the enter-
prise, which secures foreign co-operation and guar-
antees the success of the big' movement.

The Problem of Large Qun Construction.

Getting high muzzle velocity without destructive
chamber pressure is the problem in the construction
of large guns, says American Machinest, The skill

M.'iclniiery Hall, Lookiiifr East.

Liberal Arts, Lookiiiy' North (Government liuilding' in Distance).

Liberal Arts, Lookirijr Southe.ast (Hide and Leather in Distance).
Affi'icultural Hnildinv (Colonade in Ilackg'ronnd)

THE WHITE CITY ; A TRANSFORMATION SCENE.

the general pyrotechnic display of July 4th last, the
torch of the incendiary was again applied, as it had
been on several occasions previous, to the vulnerable
portions of the deserted palaces and in a few moments
the most brilliant, the most stupendous and the most
extravagant transformation scene ever presented
lighted up the heavens of the city by the inland sea.
The most enthusastic pen has failed to describe the
awful scene with befitting reality.

The fire originated in the terminal station and
spread to the Administration building, whose mag-

all mourn the loss of these relics, none can feel other
than that the end, though awful in its grandeur, was
far more fitting and appropriate than the work of
vandal wreckers.

The Atlanta Exposition.

President Cleveland’s approval of the national ex-
hibit for the Atlanta Cotton States and International
Exposition puts that great project scpiarely on its
feet, and makes it an American affair in the fullest
sense of the word. Congress gives the exposition

of the mechanician has been taxed to about the ut-
most to provide strength for the gun. Now the
skill of the chemist is taxed to devise a powder that
shall burn just right to accomplish the end aimed at.
The starting of the enormously heavy modern pro-
jectile without danger to the gun, and the gradual
increase of velocity up to the muzzle, all the time
avoiding danger, is the problem, the solution of
which is being ardentlj- sought at the present time.
Glory, and money, too, lies in the direction of the
successful effort to more easily destroy human
life.

174

THE INVENTIVE AGE.

I-C«tol:>lis1iecl 18.S9.

INVENTIVE AGE PUBLISHING CO.,

8th ainl H Sts.

,, '\Vashiiii;(«>ii, I).

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The Inventive: Age is sent, po.staye prepaid, to any address
in the United Stales, Canada or IMexico for ^1 a year: to any
Ollier cfjuntry. postaife prejiaid, $1.50. All subscriptions sloi>i)ed
at e.xpiration of term.

Correspondence with inventors, meciiaiiics, inannfaclnrers,
scientists and others is in vited. Tlie coin inns of this journal are
o])en for the discussion of such subjects as are of j^eiieral i nterest
to its readers.

Technical matter is particularly desired. We want practical
information from ]n'actical men.

Nothinjr will be published In tlie editorial columns for pay.

The Inventive Age is thorouirhly i mU'pmulent, and has no
alliance with any patent att<)riiey or jiateiil bureau. It is the
friend of the inventor and the American manufacturer.

Advertisinir rates made known on aiijilication. Special facil-
ities for furnishiii},’' cuts of any patented article to^''etlu*r with
descriptive article. Kusiness spi>cials 25 cents a line each iiistT-
tion, 7 Wf>rds to the line. No acl vertisenu*n t h*ss t han 50 cents.

Address all communications to The, Invjgntive Age, Wash-
inj^ton, 1>. C.

Kntert'd at the Poslojjlcc in W'o.shiiigtou as st'coiid-class niatto.

WASHINGTON, I). C., SUPTCMITK, 1894.

In iiiiotlier cnhimn is publishetl ;in interesting'
article nn the ])iracv nf patents in various countries
from the pen of Georg'e G. Turri, one of the leading'
patent attorneys of Melbourne.

IlKKK Otto Lii.ii'xthai,, the German engineer
who ])erfected a flying machine on the ])rinciple of
the wing's of a bird, evidently didn't fall U]Jon the
rig'ht idea, for it is reported that at a distauceof IbO
feet from the g'round the “flying' man" lost control
of his wings and fell to the ground with such force
as to discourage, on his ]iart, any immediate inten-
tion of further atteni])ts at mechanical llight.

It ha.s been figured out by experts that eleven
years is the life of the averag-e steel rail and that
renewals should amount to something' like l,700,()()(i
tons yearly. For several years the economy of rail-
road managements has n(.)t sanctioned renewals to
anything' like the natural requirement, and it is
therefore anticipated that marked activity in the
steel rail industry will be inaugurated this fall.

A coMP.VNV of American ])rospectors recently
opened up an iron ore mine at Belle Isle, Conception
Bay, Newfoundland. It is repi.u'ted that they are
working in the interests of the Whitney syndicate,
which is operating the Cape Breton coal mines, and
that its chief encourag'ement was in the i)(.)sition of
President Cleveland in favor of free iron (_)re and
the belief that the Wilson, instead of the Gorman
tariff bill, would be enacted into law.

Thk July and Aug'ust wheat e.xi)orts were disajj-
pointing' and unless September shows an inqn'ove-
ment in this res])ect the American wheat grower will
not profit much by this year’s croj). The exjjorts
for July, this year, flour included, was 11,631,0,57
bushels, against 19,124,963 bushels for the same
month last j'ear. The movement from the western
farms is large, nearlj' double that of last seas(jn,
and something' like 40,000,000 bushels are now in
store in Uulutli and other lake jxirts, Tlie outlook
for “good prices for wheat” is not good.

Tiik final adoption of a tariff measure bj^ Con-
g'ress is a great relief to the business world. The
new law is far from satisfactory to the industrial
and manufacturing interests of the countrj' ; but
there is an inclination to look upon the brig^ht side
of its prospective effect and make the best of it.
The relief from a long period of uncertainity will
compensate in a measure for the inconsistent and
unwise irrovisions of the new law, and the enforced
idleness of hundreds of manufactories will be at an
end. The abridg'ement of the jirotective features
will have the tendency to reduce the wag'es of mill
operatives commensurate with any reduction in
price of manufactured products that niaj' be neces-

sary on account of foreign competition which will
show as an object lesson to those who incline to the
belief that free trade in practice will be as satisfac-
tory as free trade in theory.

KEI’OKT.S from the test at Sandy Hook of the rapid
bring' pneumatic guns of the Pneumatic Torpedo
and Construction Company make, indicate g'reater
success than had been anticipated. From the 15-
inch gun in a ])eriod of fifteen minutes ten shots
were fired and the action of the fuse and the aim
were astonishingly accurate. Three dummies were
first fired at to obtain the rang'c, and afterward eight
loaded lO-inch ])rojectiles, each containing 290 ])ounds
of nitro-g'elatine, were fired from the 15-inch gun,
and all struck the water apiiarently in tlie same spot.
The rang'e was 3,5b0yards. Two-second timefuses
were used, and they acted jierfectly, e.xploding
every shell.

Report of Commissioner of Patents.

finder date (d' Aug'ust 22d, the Commissioner of
Patents sidnnits <'i re])ort of the Intsiness of the
Patent (Iffice for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1894. Brielly it shows the following :

Af'f'lit'ations and Caveats yeecived,

A pplicatiniis for U-tttM*b patent 35.‘>52

Applications for desiyii patents l,<)5d

A])plicatioiis for reissue patents HW

A])plications for reiri'^t ration of trade-marks 1,720

Applications for reyistratinn of labels 3(tS

Applicatioii.s for iTT'-istration of iirints S

Caveats 2,103

Total 41,300

Patents gritnted and Tyade-Mavks, haheJs, and Prints ) eaistered.
Letter.s jiatent granted (includinjr reissues and desijjfns).. 22,540

Trade-mark'S reiristered 1,(>5(>

Labels re^>-istered

T>..: ♦ 1

Total 24,204

Patents vjifhhehi and Patents expired.

Letters patent withheld for non-])a.vuieut of final fee 4.5(t0

Letters patent e.xjiired 13.1<»7

Receipts and Expenditures.

Net receipts from all sources $1.1X3,523 18

Net e.xpenditnres (inclndinjr printilE'- and bindinj.'-,
stationery, and contirijrent expenses) I,053,0(i2 3X

Surplus 120,5()0 X()

Ra/anee in the Treasury of the United States on account of the Pat-
ent fund.

June 30. 1S03 $4,270,805 04

June 30, 1804 120,5(»0 SO

Total 4,400,30() 74

Applications a-''aitin<r action.

Number of ajiplications awaitiiii^ action 011 the part of the
Office on Julyl,lS04 7,07o

Com pa rat he Statement.

Receipts. Expenditures.

June30, ISOO $1,347,203 21 $1,0S1.173 5()

I line 30. 1801 1.302,704 50 1.145.502 00

June 30. 1S')2 1.208.727 35 1.114.134 23

June 30. 1803 1,2S8.80'M)7 1.111.444 22

June 30, 1804 1,183,523 18 l,053,O(,2 38

Applications for Patents^ includingReissues. Designs, Trade-Marks^
Labels and Prints.

June 30, 1800 43,810

June 30, 1801 43 010

June 30. 1802 43’544

June 30. 1803 Jj'sso

June 30, 1804 30.20{)

Applications azvaiting action on the part of the Office.

June 30, 1800 (,,5S5

J line 30. 180] 8.011

J u lie 30. 1802 0,447

J 11 lie 30, 1803 8'283

June 30, 1894 73)70

Summarizing the tables showing the number of
])ateiits issued prior to July 1894, it is shown that
there were received in the fiscal year ending June
3(), 1894, 35,952 applications for patents: 1,950 ai)pli-
cations for designs ; 108 apj)lications for reissues ;
2,193 caveats; 1,729 a])plications for trade-marks,
and 368 ajjplications for labels. Tliere were 22,546
IKitents granted, including reissues and designs ;
1,656 trade-marks reg'istered, and two prints reg-is-
tered. The number of patents which expired was
13,167. The number of allowed a])plications which
were by ojieration of law forfeited for non-payment
of the final fees was 4,566. The total expenditures
were $1.053,962.38 ; the receipts over expenditures
were $129,569.80, and the total receipts over expen-
ditures to the credit of the Patent Office in the Treas-
ury' of the United States amounts to $4,409,366.74.

Patents in France during i893.

In France there were made during the year 1893,
8,627 applications for patent, and 1,535 for certificates
of addition, in all 10,162 apjdications. There were
g^ranted 8,356 patents and 1,501 certificates of addition.

The greatest number of inventions in any one art
was in velocipedes, in which 771 patents and 152 cer-
tificates were granted.

World’s Fair Notes.

The Bureau of Awards has about completed the
work of preparing the language of diplomas and
sending official copies of same to fortunate exhibitors.
Some 24,000 copies of these have been made in dupli-
cate form. The orig^inal is forwarded to the ex-
hibitor and the duplicate retained by the Bureau for
use of the printer when inserting the fmdingsof the
individual judge and jury in the diploma form. The
large force of clerks required to do this work has
b( en reduced to about ten, and other reductions will
follow as fast as the vtirious departments close up
their duties.

The ])lan of sending advance copies of what e;ich
diploma would contain was to enable exhibitors to
know the languag'e of their awards and give them an
o^jportunity to have their names and addresses cor-
rect.

Exhil)itors lyy this time should be C[uite familiar
with the plan of bestowing awards. Exhibits at the
fair were arr.anged by groups and classes. If anex-
hibit<jr received an award in any grroup the award
carried with it one medal and one diploma. If he
received two awards in <_ine g^'rouj). but one medal is
given with two diplomas, provided the awards are in
separate classes : but if the awards are in only one
class, one medal and one diploma cov'ers the entire
award. In other words, each successful exhibitor is
entitled to a medal and di])loma in each group, and
if he received awards in more than one class in any
one grroup, .additional di])lomas will be given for each
separate class, provided there be more than the
original one.

Following' is a copy of a circular card that is being
sent in answer to inquiries of exhibitors as to what
will constitute their awards, and when they may ex-
pect to receive the medals and diplomas :

“Each cxhibitcii' receiving an award is entitled to a medal and
a dii.hnna. If the exhibitor receives more than one awtird he is
entitled to a medal and diploma for each .septirate g'rt)up and a
diploma for each separate class.

“The prejiaration of the meilal ajul diploma is in the hands of
the Ilonoralile the .Secretary of the Treasury and this Bureau
has no responsibility in the matter until they are ready for dis-
tribution. when they will be sent out at the earliest possible
moment."

Note for Inventors.

finder the :ibove caption “The Practical Farmer,”
one of the leading and most reliable ag'ricultural
papers in the country, saj's :

The great and increasing' interest in the southern
cow pea in more northern sections, and the great
increase of the use of the dry jteas as a g'round food
for dairy cows are both operating to increase the
culture of this crop for the seed in the south. So
long as the culture was confined at home and there
was little demand for the seed, farmers could afford
to gather and thresh by hand what thej' needed for
seed. But now conditions are .altered. Northern
farmers are experimenting' with the plant, and are
writiugc south for the seed, and if the interest con-
tinues to increase all the seedmen will be compelled
to keep this seed in stock. Said a southern farmer
a few days ag^o : “I have 809 bushels of one variety
of peas growing under contract for seedmen, and
unfortunately it is one of the latest and hardest to
thresh. Now, can you not stir up some of our in-
genious men north to invent machines for h.arvest-
ing and threshing our field peas. This is just what
the southern farmer now needs, and American in-
genuity ougcht to overcome the difficulty. When
once the immense value of these ground peas is
fully understood by northern dair3’nien, the demand
for the cow pea will grow a])ace. With the difficul-
ties of harvestings and threshing overcome, the
southern farmers can grow them at figures which
will compel their use as dairy food. With the present
slow and expensive hand work the price must keep
up to make it paj'. The machinerj' used for beans
north would hardlj' answer for these peas without
great chang''es. Here is room for profitable inven-
tion, and the man who first produces iin effective
pea harvester and cleaner will reap a large profit.

It is a very sig'nificant statement of the fact that
farmers full\' appreciate the value of inventions and
are perfectly willing to p.'iy inventors fair profits
for their labors, and is additional proof that the
alleged hostilit)' of agricultur.alists to the patent
sj'stem is due to the incessent clamor of scheming
politicians in their attempts to secure the votes of
farmers. The southern farmer’s appeal to the “in-
genious men of the north” to invent a new thresh-
ing machine is cjuite natural in view of the fact
that the proportion of patented inventions made by
citizens of the northern and southern states is ten
to one ; but if the south will include the develop-
ment of its inventive ingenuit3' in its great advance
in prosporit3' the remarkable disproportion will be
greatly lessened.

THE IXTEXTIVE AOE

^75

NOTES AND NEWS.

Ancient A(|ne«lncts. — The Turkish g-overmnent
is about to rebuild Solomon's water conduits, at
Jerusalem, at a cost of 8400,000.

•5f w •>r

A Monster Stone Slab. — There was recently
quarried near tVest Hurley, N. Y., a slab of 9 inches
thick and 20x24 feet in size. This is said to be the
larg'est stone ever broug'ht to tide water.

Xiaj*hra’s PoAter for Canada.— The power
plant on the Canadian side of Niag-ara Falls has
been beg’un by the Canadian Niag’ara Falls Power
Company. It will be similar to that on the Ameri-
can side and have three turbines, with provisions
for three more.

' — *

Tlie 31axiin Flyinj*' Alacliine. — iMr. Hiram S.
Maxim, commenting- on some remarks that have
been made in connection with his recent experi-
ments, says : “It is known now to be possible to
make a machine that will actually fly at a very hig-h
velocitj' ; so nothing- remains to be done except to
mameuver it.”

* *

Laryekt Sailing- Vessel in the World. — A

contract for what is said to be the largest sailing,
vessel in the world has been recently g-iven by a
Hamburg firm to J. C. Tecklenborg. a Bremerhaven
shipbuilder. The vessel will be constructed of iron
and will have five masts. Her dimensions are to be
as follows : Length, 365 feet ; breadth, 50 feet, and
depth, 3lX feet.

Painting- the (treat Forth Bridge. — The

painting of the Forth Bridge, which is certainlv no
light undertaking, is again in progress. So vast is
the structure that it takes somewhere about fiftj-
tons of paint to give it one coat, the area that has
to be dealt with being something like 12(i acres. It
is said that about 200 trains pass over the bridg^e
everj- twentj'-four hours.

•Jr tC ■sf

The Transatlantie Keeord Bndven. — The

greyhound Campania has reduced the transatlantic
record on the westward run to five days, nine hours
and twenty-nine minutes, covering 2,783 knots at
an average speed of 21.49 knots an hour, a record
that is three hours and eig-hteen minutes better than
that of the Lucania, her sister ship, which was the
queen of the seas until the Campania wrested from
her that proud title.

* * *

AVoiiders of Kein'oductioii. — Many species of
bacteria are capable of doubling their number everj'
hour. In this case, in the short space of 24 hours a
sing-le bacterium would increase to a number but
little short of 17,000.000 — to be exacc, in 48 hours the
oft'springs of this minute germ — which is not more
than 1-15,000 of an inch in length — have increeised
to the surprising- number of 281.500,000,000, their
bulk being sufficient to fill a pint measure.

Favg-est Saw 31ill in the AVorld. — It has been
g-enerallj' supposed that the largest lumber mills in
the world were located on Puget sound in this coun-
trj', but such is not the fact. The larg-est mill, so
far as known, is in Christiana, Xorwaj', where one
million feet is produced dailj-. There are about
thirtj' gang saws and six planing and matching
:nachines, the latter of the massive Xorwegian de-
sign which feed at the rate of 80 to a 100 feet per
minute. The consumption of timber in Great
Britain alone is 3,700,01)0.000 feet a j-ear, and the
forests of Norwaj' are estimated as good for 500
j-ears to come.

■Jf ■Jr 4r

First Iiiientor of the Electric Fan. — Mr.

Schuj'ler S. Wheeler, of the Crocker-Wheeler Com-
panj', claims to be the inventor of what London
Public Opinion is pleased to call "this handj- toj'.”
Earlj' in 1886 he suggested turning a small sewing
machine motor upside down, replacing the j'oke of
the mag-nets with a piece shaped like a tripod stand,
and attaching- a sort of propeller to the armature
shaft. A specimen was made and shown, and orders
at once came in for others like it. It is estimated
that there are now nearlv a quarter of a million of
these little room ventilators in use in America, but
verj- few have j'et found favor in Europe.

The New Atlantic Liners. — The steamers “St.
Louis” and “St. Paul," now building bj' the Cramps
for the International Navigation Companv. are the
largest vessels ever constructed in America, their
dimensions being : Length over all, 554 feet ; length

on load water line, 536 feet; extreme breadth. 63
feet; molded depth, 42 feet; tonnage, 11, fil'd- Eacli
boat will be propelled bj- twin screws, eacli driven
bj' a quadruple expansion eng-ine having evlinders
36, 50, 71 and Ififi inches in diameter and stroke of
60 inches. Thev will develop about 10,000 indicated
horse power each. A speed of 20 knots an hour is
expected.

* * *

AVhat Paper is >ra<le Of. — Paper is one of-the
most lavishlj' used articles of modern times. The
materials of which it can be made are almost as
numerous and common as the uses to which the fin-
ished article is put. There are something over two
thousand patents covering the making of ])aper.
It maj' be manufactured, under some one of tliem,
from the leaves of trees ; from hop ])lants, bean
stalks, pea vines ; from the trunks and stems of
Indian corn and everj- varietj' of grain ; from moss,
clover and timothj- haj-, and more than one hundred
kinds of grasses ; from straw and cocoanut fibre ;
from fresh-water weeds and sea weeds ; from saw-
dust, shavings and asbestos ; from thistles and
thistle down ; from banana skins, tobacco stalks
and tan bark : from hair wool, fur, old sacking- or
bag-ging-, and from almost anv other imaginable
refuse. — Kate Field's Washington.

^

To Prevent SuH'ocatioii in Alines. — Prof. J.
S. Haldane recentlv read a paper to the British As-
sociation on “The Causes and Prevention of Suffo-
cation in Mines.” The professor argued that most
of the men killed in explosions were not killed at
once bj' the explosion, but that an interval elapsed
during which means could be adopted for preserva-
tion. He exhibited a small apparatus he had con-
structed, which could be enclosed in a small tin box,
which would keep a miner alive for three hours if
he remained in a sitting posture, and for one if he
walked about. This would enable anj-one to pene-
trate the laj'er of after-damp and reach the open
air. It consisted of a cj'linder containing com-
pressed oxj'gen and a laj-er of material for absorb-
ing- the carbonic acid g-iven out bj- the breath, and
could be turned on bj- a tap, the miner breathing
through a tube into a bag. Still another method of
preventing- fire-damp disasters has been proposed
bj' a Frenchman. He proposes to ignite the gases
bj' electricitj' before the miners enter the shaft.

Aliuniiiuiii nil (llask. — LTndustrie states that
M. Charles jMargot of the Universitj- of Geneva has
found that bj- rubbing- on g-lass with an aluminum
point we obtain clear metalic lines, which cannot
be removed bv washing, no matter how often re-
peated. This projjertj' which aluminum possesses,
of adhering closelj' to glass, or in g-eneral to aiij-
substance having silica as a base, is most plainlj'
shown when the surface is dampened or covered
with a verj' lig-ht coat of moisture, as. for instance,
when a man breathes upon the surface of the glass.
An indespensable condition is that the glass and the
aluminum point shall be clean. It is known that
magnesium, cadmium and zinc have similar proper-
ties. and that thej- will leave visible traces on glass.
None of these metals, however, possesses this prop-
ertj' to the same extent as aluminum. On the other
hand, besides the fact that aluminum oxidizes verj-
quicklj'. the traces which it leaves on glass vanish
quicklj', and therefore the metal can be used for this
purpose onlj' under special circumstances. Manj-
applications can be suggested for aluminum in this
direction. It can be used instead of the engraver's
tool in cutting designs on glass. With the aluminum
pencil diamonds can be distinguished from imitation,
since it will make no mark on a diamond.

Americans Settling in Mexico.

Consular advices received at the Department of
State warn Americans against emigrating- to^Mexico
with a view to permanent settlement with insutficient
means, or without informing- themselves, in a reliable
waj', as to the prospects for earning livelihoods.
While there are undoubtedlj' good opportunities in
iSIexico for enterprise, frugalitj-, and thrift, it is,
like other countries, a land of varj-ing conditions,
and it often happens that disappointment is the re-
sult of emig-ration undertaken upon insutficient or
misleading- information, or without resources, which
are alwaj-s necessarj- to success in a new countrj'.
Manj' Americans have been induced bj- alluring-
statements as to the cheapness of coffee raising, etc.,
to emigrate to Mexico within the past j-ear, and some
have lost their all bj- so doing. For these reasons,
consuls desire to caution Americans ag-ainst the rep-
resentations of s])eculators, who are always on the
watch for the unwarj-.

The Helander Hospital Bed.

Mr. Alexander Helander, of Los-Vngelc>. Cal., ha>
secured letters patent for the improved liospital bed
shown in the illustration. While technicallj- known
as a “fracture bed'' it is so constructed as to be
readilj- adjustable to g-eneral hospital uses. Ar-
rang-ed between the front and rear leg-s of the bed
are side bars two to a side, one above the other with
turn buckles for varj-ing the length of the bed.

The bed posts are also connected bj- cross bars on
which a series of small sleeves or rollers are placed,
and on the ends of these cross bars are hooks carrv-
ing chains. Journaled in suitable bearing-s in the
upper ends of the bed posts are two parallel shafts
one above the other. On the upper shaft is secured
a cogwheel which meshes with a similar wheel slid-
inglj' secured on the lower shaft bj- means of a
spline. Located on the upper shaft, a short distance
from the cogwheel is a ratchet wheel with which a
pawl eng-ag-es. A canvas belting-, having- one end
attached to the lower shaft, passes under the lower
cross bar of the head board, thence to the footboard
around the under and upper cross bars thereof,
thence to a frame, attached bj' suitable means to the
side bars of the bed frame, and thence to the upj>er
shaft on the bed post.

This belt is firmlv secured to the side Vjars of the
frame bj' lacing-, and about its center has an open-
ing- for inserting- a vessel.

In operation, where it is desired to raise the head
of the invalid the chains are adjusted to engage the
proper link with the hooks of the movable frame :
the handle is then adjusted to the upper shaft which
is then rotated winding- the canvas thereon, elevat-
ing the forward end of the movable frame until the

chains are drawn tight, the cliains retaining the
movable frame in a fixed position against lateral
movement. While the shaft is being rotated the
cogwheel is moved out of engag-ement with the cog-
wheel so that the lower shaft is held from moving-.
If it is desired to place the movable frame on a level
plane the handle is adjusted to the lower shaft and
the canvas is wound thereon until the rear end of the
movable frame reaches its proper position. The
movable frame will now be held throughout in an
elevated position above the mattress, and is locked
in this position bv forcing the upper cog'-wheel into
engag-ement with the teeth of the lower cogwheel
and allowing the detent to engag-e the teeth of the
ratchet wheel. While the patient is held in the ele-
vated position on the movable frame the mattress
maj' be moved and the necessarj- receptacle placed
below the opening in the canvas. The bottle maj-
also be removed while the frame is in its elevated
position for the purposes of fumigating or cleansing.

Suitable means are provided for supporting the
coverings of the bed and to prevent them from
coming in contact with the patient. A simple device
also provides means wherebj- the patient maj' exer-
cise.

A pullej' having a suitable shank on its support
which is adapted to pass through apertures in the
cross bar is provided.

To this a suitable cord is adapted to pass over the
pullej' and carrv a weig-ht at its lower end, its op-
posite end being'- attached to the injured member of
the invalid for the purpose of resetting- dislocated
joints.

The bed has been tested in the hos^^ital and has
meet with unqualified success.

The patent was obtained through Crosbj' & Dorian,
patent attornej-s, of Washing-tou. D. C.

Patents in Great Britian for i893.

The annual report of the Comptroller-General of
the British Patent Office shows that during the j-ear
1893 there were deposited 25.12fi applications for pat-
ent againt 24.171 in 1892. The report sliows that the
practice of filing- applications accompanied bj- com-
plete specifications is on the increase, while everj-
J-ear shows an increased number of those with pro-
visional specification abandoned for the lack of the
complete specification within the legal period. It is
expected that the new building- which is to constitute
the south wing of the Patent Olfice will be completed
during-- the j-ear 1894.

176

THK TXVENTTIVE AOE.

The Simonds Steam Wagon.

The new steam wagon, lately invented and pat-
ented bj' Mr. C. L. Simonds, of Lj-nn, Mass., is un-
doubetedly the first really practical steam wagon
ever invented although hundreds of thousands'of
dollars have been invested in failures.

The carriage weighs 437 lbs., being constructed
of iron and steel mostly, with bic3'cle wheels 36 and
48 inches in diametea, with solid rubber tires, mak-
running- perfectlv noiseless. The boiler is of the
porcupine t^'pe with 28 square feet of heating
surface. Engine is verti-
cal with link motion and
two cj-linders with the
cranks set at 90 deg-rees
the power being carried to
rear driving'-wheel b3’
chain and spocket. There
are two pumps : one for
feeding the boiler with
water from tank holding-
ten g-allons. and one for
su])plying the naptha tank
with- air; na])tha being
used for fuel through live
larg'-e burners, which can
be used singlv if desired.

This tank holds five gallons
of naptha, about what
would be required for 100
miles run. The exhaust
steam passes through a
feed water heater to a per-
forated coil of pipe in the
combustion chamber into
the naptha flame, destrov-
ing all noise and increas-
the heat. The wag-on is
hung on three eliptic
spring-.s, makes steam in
five minutes, and faster
than can be used, climbs
hills easy with two people,
runs ten miles an hour on
ordinary roads, has steam
gauge water g-lass, safety
valve, clock, whistle,
scarceE' an3' smoke from-
stack, carries 100 lbs. steam, steers bv wheel in
front of seat, is ])erfectlv safe and any person cati
handle it at first sig-ht.

A Simple, Low Priced Time Recorder.

The New National Time Recorder Co’, of Mil-
waukee, Wis., has put on the market, in addition to
the “ llolte Automatic” and Autog-raphic Recorders^
its latest st3'le recorder, which the firm has called
” The American.”

empl03'er or an3' one interested, that No. 2 is fifteen
minutes late. No. 9, ten minutes late, and No.- 10 is
absent, not being registered.

P3' a novel arrangement, the numbers come con-
secutively on the record dial and the ke3', or check,
(fig-, 3) will enter onA' the hole for which it is intend-
ed. A slight pressure on the ke3' will ring the bell
and indicate that registration has been made. The
arrival of emplo3'ees is indicated b3' the numbers
appearing- in red and the departure in blue. This
is accomplished bv moving a small lever above the
ke3' holes at the front of the clock, either to in or OUT,
This lever shifts the record ribbon through which
the registrations are made.

The recorder referred to above, will registe- 10)
emjdoyees ; however, b3' using a number of record-
ers, which is generally preferable in large establish-
ments, as many as loOO can reg-ister, the numbers
coming consecutivel3'.

Something New in Electricity.

A novel electrical device lias been perfected bv a
M ashing-ton inventor. It consists of a window open-
ing and closing device, by means of which the win-

sexton may at any time operate any or all of the
sashes to regulate the admission of air, without dis-
turbing the speaker, the mechanism being almost
noiseless.

Besides this, a thermostat, properly connected in
circuit with the device, may be employed to open or
close the upper sash to regulate the temperature of
the apartment. The sashes are always locked when
stationar3', in ever3' position, so that a window partly
open for the admission of air cannot be raised for
entrance b3' unauthorized persons on the outside.
This locking device also serves as a safe guard
against accidents from breakage of the sash cords.

The invention is readiA' applied to any windows
without refitting the frames and the current nec-
essary to operate the mechanism is only slightly in
excess of that used on the g-as lighting circuits now
in common use.

One of the important points of the invention is
that the cosf of manufacture will be low enough to
put the apparatus within the reach of all of ordinary
means.

With slig-ht changes the apparatus may be em-
plo3'ed to operate fans, lights or transoms.

Gas Motors for Street Cars.

The original German inventor having died, an
English S3'ndicate recentl3" acquired the patents on
the Euhrig model of gas motor for street cars and
such marked improvements have been made, that
the United States Consul-General at Frankfort calls
the attention of this country to the fact. A car of
this improved t3'pe is now worked regularly on the
lines of a tramway compan3' at Croydon, near Lon-
don, and has attracted expert attention from all parts
of Great Britain, where the problem of street-rail-
way equipment and management is quite as compli-
cated and difficult as in an3' portion of the United
States. Ordinar3" illuminating gas is used, con-
densed to a pressure of 10 atmospheres, and the res-
ervoirs under the floor of the car, which can be filled
through a flexible pipe within the time required to
change horses, carr3- gas enough for a run of 8 or 10
miles. The editor of Engineering thus speaks of it:

“ The car is not noticeabL" different from a horse
car. It runs quietly and easily, emitting neither
smoke nor steam, and is quite under control. Inside
passengers can hear a slight rumble of machinery
and perceive a trifling vibration; but, after a minute
or two, these are unheeded, and practically, there is
nothing to detract frotn their comfort. Neither they
nor the bystanders in the street car perceive any ma-
chiner3- whatever, for the engine and gearing are
entirely enclosed, the motor l3'ing under one seat and
the wheels and clutches under the floor of the car.
* * * It caries twenty-eight passengers in all and

makes a very fair speed, the limit allowed by the
board of trade being Smiles per hour. With the slow
gear in action, it will readily mount an incline of
l-in-23, with a short piece of l-in-16, and in coming
down, it can be stopped by the brake in its own

THE SI.MONDS .STEAM WA(;ON.

'4

I//

4

V

i ■ /'/

i

m

FIG. 1.

Cut No. 1 shows the complete recorder, which will
take a 21 inch record dial. Cut No. 2 shows a por-
tion of the record dial after a day’s registrations
have been made. The heavy lines are hour lines
and the lig-hferones five minute lines. Thus, it may
be seen at a glance an3' time during the day, by the

dows of a building
ma3' be operated
from any conven-
ient point b3' a
switch. The-wiu- W
dow frame is also '
supplied with a \
pair of switch |

ke3's, one of the (

keys opening and
closing the top
sash, while the .
other kev similar-
ly operates the
lower sash. A
child can manipu-
late tlie ke3's if
necessar3- a n d
thus open or close
either sash, while

FIG. 3.

at the same time, in case of sudden storms all the
windows of a building may be rapidly closed from
the lower floor, or an3' other convenient point, with-
out the usual visit to each window.

Moreover, the apparatus is specialA' adapted for
use in larg-e halls or churches, where the janitor or

FIG. 2.

length. It also goes round a curve of 35 feet radius
on a l-in-27 grade. Its weight, when filled with pas-
sengers, is tons. For gas, it costs 2 cents per
mile, against 7 cents per mile for fodder and bedding
for horses ; so that the gas motor car starts with an
advantage of 5 cents per mile. The performance of
the car is quite satisfactory.”

A New Atmospheric Gas.

A cable dispatch states that Lord Rayleigh and
Prof. Ramsay have announced the discovery by
them of a new element in the atmosphere. It is a
dense and remarkably inert gas twenty-one times
heavier than h3'drogen and 50 per cent heavier than
nitrogen. The spectrum is new, showing a single
blue line much more intense than the corresponding
line in the nitrogen spectrum. It constitutes about
one per cent of the atmosphere.

THB IXVEXTIVB AOE

177

Electric Pioneers.

It has been no great leng'tli of time since the
adaptation of the electric lig'ht to modern uses was
made perfect by Edison, and the economic utility of
the motor established beyond question. Yet the
evolution of electricity in its various forms began
its triumphant march toward future perfection,
nearly three hundred 3’ears ago. Electromagnetism
was known to the ancients as early as the fourth
century ; for we learn that in 413 a bishop, named
Elmerus made experiments in magnetism, and in
370, we have a striking illustration of the adaptation
of the magnetic influence of metals. The following
curious account is from Maimbourg’s History de el’
Arianisme, (Paris, 1686): — “Whilst Valens, the
Roman emperor, was at Antioch in his third consul-
ship in the year 370, several pagans of distinction,
with the philosophers who were in so great reputa-
tion under Julian, not being' able to bear that the
empire should continue in the hands of the Christians,
consulted privately the demons by means of con-
juration in order to know the destiny of the emperor,
and who should be his successor, persuading them-
selves that the oracles would name a person who
should restore the worship of the gods. For
this purpose they made a three-footed stool of
laurel in imitation of the tripos at Delphos, upon
which, having laid a basin of divers metals, they
placed the twenty-four letters of the alphabet round
it ; then one of these philosophers, who was a magi-
cian, being wrapped up in a large mantle, and his
head covered, holding in one hand vervain and in
the other a ring which hung at the end of a small
thread, pronounced some execrable conjurations, in
order to invoke the devils ; at which the three-footed
stool turning round and the ring moving of itself
and turning from one side to the other over the let-
ters, it caused them to fall upon the table and place
themselves near each other, whilst th? persons who
were present set down the numbers in their table-
books, till the answer was delivered in heroic verse,
which foretold them that their criminal inquiry
would cost them their lives, and that the Furies
were waiting for the emperor at Mimas, where he
was to die of a horrible kind of death, (he was sub-
sequently burned aliv'e by the Goths): after which the
enchanted ring turning about over the letters in
order to express the name of him who should suc-
ceed the emperor, formed first of all these four
characters, T-h-e-o; then having added a “d” to form
Theod, the ring stopped and was tiot seen to move
any more ; at which one of the assistants cried out in
a transport of joy. ‘ We must not doubt any longer
of it ; Theodorus is the person whom the g'ods ap-
point for our emperor.’ ’’

Although the manner of conducting this prophetic
deception is not clearh" demonstrated, it was un-
doubtedly accomplished by the means of electro-
magnatism.

Down the long stretch of time from 1600 came the
makers of electrical history, of whom were Gilbert,
of Colchester, who invented the word electricity,
from the Greek word electron, amber ; Otto von
Guericke the inventor of the sulphur globe : Hawks-
bee, inventor of the glass cylinder: Grej' and Weller,
who were the first to transmit electricitj' from one
point to another ; Dutray who first discovered the
two kinds of electricity and the fundamental prin-
ciples of their action ; Boze who used a globe of glass
for his machine and furnished it with a prime con-
ductor, and Winkle who was the first to use a fixed
cushion in that machine.

One year after the Leyden jar was discovered,
(1746) 'Benjamin Franklin showed its electric condi-
tions, and five years latter proved by his kite the
similarity between electricity and lightning. While
Canton, Wilke, and Aepinus were examining the
nature of induction, and Ramsden was constructing
the first plate machine, Franklin was deep in his
scientific work ; and in 1772-3, while in London, in-
vented an electric light which he could read by, 1hus
giving to his country a scientific honor so niagnifi-
ciently perpetuated by Edison a hundred years later.

The principle of Franklin’s ancient machine
(which was brought to light in. London some months
ago) is that of the arc light without carbon points.
Light was produced in a glass cylinder, which had
at one end a metal point and at the other a ball.
Each end of the cylinder was connected with the
positive and negative poles of the generating ma-
chine, and light was made by the intercepted current
leaping from ball to point. The generating appa-
ratus was one of the most powerful of its time and
consisted of a large glass cylinder turned b}’ a crank
and rubbed by silk-covered brushes which collected
the electric fluid and conveyed it to the conductors,
which were sustained by heavy glass columns.
Though not up to the present mark of finish and

beauty, it is said tliis old vcter:in lig'hlniug maker i.s
capable of doing the u (jrk of modern machines, as
far as power is concerned. ( )nly a few years ago the
generating machine was used at South Kensington
to illustrate lectures, and for many years after
Franklin had ceased to benefit mankind by his work,
it was used. But the old relic has been used sxu'ir-
ingly by its xsresent possessor - and it should be, for
around it cling the memories of a statesman, jjhilos-
opher and g-enius of the first order.

Nairn with his two fluid C3'linder machine, Volta
with his electrophorns and condenser. Galvani.Con-
lomb. Sir Humphrj' Dav3^ Faradaj' and Armstrong,
stand out in their resi^ective lights as ])ioneer dis-
coverers, to whom the world owes much. But the
jirogressive American mind loves to think of the
man who drew the lig-htning from the clouds, and of
whom a writer has said : “ His hvxrothesis of a sin-
gle electric fluid subsisting- in positive and neg-ative
states, marked a turning point toward the modern
science, and his demonstration of the identitj' of
lightning- and electricitj- outranks in jrojmlar and
scientific interest everv exjjeriment before or after,
jrrior to the discover3' of current electricit3' by Volta
and Galvani fift3' 3'ears later.”

Priesth' sa3's of Franklin's theoretical works: —
“ His principles bid fair to be handed down to pos-
terit3' as equalU- expressive of the true principle of
electricit3' with the Newtonian Philosophy of the
true s3’stem of nature in g-eneral.”

Down the ag-es the m3’sterious throb of nature’s
most jjotent force has come knocking- at the intel-
lectual doors of man, flashing from mind to mind,
gathering new impetus at each step of its journe3y
until the world beholds the spirit of active nature
harnessed to the wheels of progress. It will be
king- of the earth and the sea, and the unstable
bosom of the atmosphere will 3-ield a support in
obedience to its touch.

As the earth and the liuman bod3’ move b3' elec-
tric force, so will man make this force his universal
servant, Jampcs E.^-STfS Price.

Women as Inventors.

By Edw.\rd P. Thompson, M. E,

Below are g'-iven a few opinions of noted writers
who, fortunatep- and certainp' are speaking- of jiast
g'-enerations, rather tiian the jiresent, Goncourt
sa3-s, “ There are no women of genius — the women
of genius are men,” Prof, Lombroso, of Itap', and
author of “The Man of Genius” modifies this
slig-htp' b3" asserting; “In the histor3' of g^enius,
women have a small place.” Hamerton, in his “ In-
tellectual Life” comjiares the scarcit3' of women in-
ventors to the rarit3' of bearded women, but wisep'
jiraises the former and deplores the existence of the
latter. None of these writers could possibp- have
investigated the Patent Gffice records of the jiast
few 3'ears, nor have watched the rajiidly increasing'-
number of patents g-ranted to women during- suc-
ceeding 3'ears, B3' counting- up the number of iiat-
ents granted to women in the United States alone
since the birthda3' of Abraham Lincoln, the records
show the astounding total of three thousand and
three hundred women jiatantees,

Hon, John 3V, Daniels, Doctor of Laws, because
thoroughp' versed in the matter of patented inven-
tions, has naturally a much higher oiiinion of wom-
an’s cajiacit3' for inventing, for he said, at the Pat-
ent Centennial Celebration : ” Woman's intuitions
are jiroverbial : and when she turns them to mechan-
ical invention, the possibilit3' of genius surpasses
the scojie of prox3hec3',” As long'- ago as 10(10 B, C,
her power to overcome difticulties (and this is invent-
ing) was recognized b3' Solomon, when he said :
“ She looketh well to the wa3's of her household,”
The successful housewife is continualp' called upon
to plan and invent useful and original wa3's and
means for saving time and mone3',

Ommitting the notion of mere the g'-enius

of woman is equal to that of man in quality, and it
is therefore deserving- of high honor. The woman
who stands at the head in quantity is Lavinia H.
F03' of Worcester, Mass,, to whom have been
granted ten jiatents from 1863 to 1878. To Elizabeth
S. Weldon of New York Cit3' were issued five jiat-
ents all on the same da3' in 1876, and a few more
later,

Mary Kies is the queen of American inventors,
for her’s is the first name in the patent record ; un-
less Agdalena S. Goodman of Florida deserves the
honor because the first American born woman to g-et
a patent a few 3'ears later. The former obtained a
patent in 1809 upon the jirocess of weaving straw with
silk or thread. She lived in Killing-p' in Connecti-
cut. The records of her patent at the Patent Office
were destro3'ed by the great fire of 1836, and have
never been restored. From one of her descendants.
Marietta Kies, the author learns that Mrs. iSIadison,
wife of the President of the United States at about
that time expressed her gratification b3' a compli-
mentary note to Mrs. Kies because of her genius

sh iwii liv the graceful fabri '.'iti .n which .-h.e aihhal
to the otlier industries of New Eng-land.

A decend.'int of Mr.-,. Kie.s n<nv live.-, in Soutli
Killing-lv, Conn. His name i-. George W. Pike and
he furnishes the following- interesting- remini-cence:
“Her maiden name was Mar3- Dixon and she -was
born in Killing-lv about 17,39. My fatlier was lier
oldest son. tumn in 1771. Mrs. Kies outliving- lier
first husband, married again and had been married
about thirt3' years when she received lier jiatent. It
was a patent for weaving straw, which was an c.x-
tensive industry in the Killingl v section at that time.

The first patent granted to a woman, the records
of which have been restored was issued to Emma
Steinhauer in 1831 for a cook stove.

Agdalena S. Goodman's invention was unique.
In Florida, and other jiarts of the South, brooms
were ver3' ex^iensive, and this woman directed her
attention to the possibilit3' of using'- some of the
Iilants or grasses of the trojiics. At last, she suc-
ceeded in appp ing'- to this iiurjiose. the branches of
that class of the jialmetto, called the cabbag-e palm-
etto tree. She constructed the brooms in such a
manner that the trunk or one of the branches of the
tree became the handle of the broom.

An instance of foreig-n women inventors is that of
Marie Louise Roucout. of Paris, who in 18.33 was the
first to provide grate bars of furnaces with airholes
in order to obtain the more complete combustion of
the coal, and g'-reater economy.

At the beginning- of this century, Elizabeth Met-
calf of IMassachusetts invented a straw hat without
any knowledg'-e of the state of the art in Great Brit-
ain. and instructed operators how to manufacture
the hat in larg-e quantities. The3' sold well in sur-
rounding- towns. The records show no patent
g-ranted to her. She originated the idea of weaving-
the hat from straw and of bleaching- it with the vapor
of burning'-suljihur. The Rhode Island ” Societ3'for
the Encourag-enient of Domestic Manufactures” has
preserved an exact fac-simile of the hat of IMrs.
Baker (her married name). In this same line, and
shortp' after, Sojihia IVoodhouse, later !Mrs. Wells of
Connecticut, invented a hat made of ticklemoth. a
meadow grass. She sent samples to the Societ3' of
Arts, in Eng-land. The London Merchants pro-
nounced the bonnets far sujjerior to the best grades
of Leghorn, and recommended the importation and
cultivation of the g-rass for the pur^iose of adequateP'
suiijjp'ing the market. The societ3' awarded her a
silver medal and twent3' guineas in return for some
of the seed and a descriiition of her girocess for treat-
ing the grass. The jiatent records show that she
received letters patent to jirotect her invention. It
was the fourth woman’s American j)atent.

Luc3' Burnap at about the same time, 1823, found
a suitable g-rass and invented an especial treatment
and obtained a jiatent. The3' were in such demand
that one sold at 8^50 in Boston at an auction.

B3' the older readers of this iieriodical. it nia3' be
remembered that tlie letters a, b, c, d, etc., were once
used as musical notes instead of the jiresent jiear
sha])ed characters. The use of letters was the in-
vention of a woman, nameP' Abb3- S. Smith, of
Rochester, New York, who obtained a jiatent in 1856.

American and German Inventors Compared.

“ The Jiatent laws of the United States are tlie
best in the world, just as the inventive genius of
Americans is ahead of that of all other nations,”
declares Mr. M. J. Hahlo, a patent law3'er of inter-
national reputation, a German b3' birth, but a natur-
alized citizen of this countr3'.

“Comparing the United States and Germany.”
said he, “ it is much cheaper to g-et out a j')atent here.
Then there are taxes to I3a3' over there every 3'ear
on jiatented articles, which are not taxed in this
country. Besides if an invention is not operated or
utilized within two 3'ears after a jiatent is granted
in German3' the rights of the owner lapse. This
feature works such a hardship that a great many
American inventors refuse to take out jiatents in
German3'.

"There is another thing, too, that must be said
in favor of Americans. The3' are always inventing
something useful and jiractical. The bent of Amer-
ican inventive talent is all that direction. ( )ur
German inventors, on the other han'd, are more or
less dream3' and impractical, trying- all the time to
jiroduce some wonderful concern, which, if worked
out according to the inventor's ideas, would scarcely
ever have an3' commercial value. The graphojihone
is an excellent illustration of Yankee ing-enuitv and
utilitarian habit. In Europe it is still looked on as
something of a to3', and the3' have no idea of the
daip' business use it is put to over he’'e. I am going
to take back a few of them when I cross the Atlantic
this time and show the Berliners how slow the3'
are.”

The steamship war has finalp' resulted in a SIO
steerage rate between New York and leading Eu-
rojiean jiorts. The result is that the emigration new
about equals the immigration.

178

THK INVKNTIVK AQK

The Culture and Manufacture of Ramie.

The question of the cultivation of ramie in this
country is not a new one, but the increased demand
for fabrics of all kinds made from its fiber adds ad-
ditional interest to the matter at this time. In all
the stores of the land the manufactured products of
ramie are placed along- side of the products of linen,
wool and silk — sold for silk-worm silk and only
an expert can detect the difference — while jute and
hemp are sold for ramie. The fiber jjroduced from
the ramie plant is the strong-est in the world, being-
three times stronger even than Russian hemp. It is
about as fine as silk and will make either the strong-
est cordag-e and coarse g-oods, or the finest and most
beautiful cloths, hang-ing-s, table linen, ta]iestries,
clothing, etc. It readily mixes with wool or silk
and can be woven with all other libers. It takes the
most beautiful dyes, and is more lasting and dura-
ble than the strongest linens or finest silks.

But three thing-s are necessary to the development
of the ramie industry' in this country — and the won-
derful jiossibilities and prosjiective benefits to the
ag-ricultural interests to accrue therefrom must soon
overcome all obstacles : Governmental encourag-e-
ment, investment of capital in manufacturing jilants
and the apjilication of inventive genius in the iier-
fection of machinery' (in the work, not before it),
for the treatment of the fiber, are tlie imiiortant re-
quisites of success. If this industrv can be devel-
oped the manufacture of this liber in the United
States will be a source (-)f wealth to the farmers of
the country greater than any one of their present
])roducts.

Mr. S. H. Slaught, of San Francisco, who is now
in Washington endeavoring- to interest Congress and
capital in the subject, is one of the most enthus-
iastic ])romotors of the enter])rise in this country and
has devoted several years to the study of the value
<.)f ramie, the various uses to which it can be put and
also its cultivation, pre])aration and manufacture
into goods. He declares th.'it ramie will grow lux-
uriantlv anywhere on the Pacific coast or from the
warm, drj' soil of New Jersey to the Gulf, It will
])roduce crops that are simply enorim.uis. From
IS, ()()() to 20,000 pounds per :icre are possible on
sf)ils where two or more cuts are made. Where
irrigation is used and long seas(ms jirevail three to
four cuts per year are possible. It is easily grown
and handled, needs very little cultivati(.)n, and does
not exhaust the s<.)il. The machinery for reducing-
it to a condition suitable for delivery to the factory
is simple and inexpensive, and, I\Ir. Slaug-ht main-
tains, that a few farmers could readily club tog-ether
to purchase machinerj', or a ]ilant, capable of work-
ing uj) their joint crops, or a coiiqiany can purchase
machinery and run it for them, :ind they would be
employed several months of the year hy judicious
arrangement of the cutting.

The whole world has loug had a deep interest in
the manufacture of ramie fiber, and numberless
efforts have been made to sim]>lif3' its ]rre])aration,
s(,) as to bring- alrout its more general use. So far
the most of its production and manufacture has
been in China and India bj- hand labor, and in Fu-
rope their jrroduct has in late j^ears lieen largely
used in adulteration of silk, where lalxjr is so cheap
that it can be handled successfullv. In Furojre
strenuoirs efforts have been made to inti'oduce ma-
chiner3' intir its prejiaration, with more or less suc-
cess, and the same is true of this coimtr3'.

It is estimated that some .Scf ),()()( ),()()() worth of
worsted and much more wool and woolen g-oods, as
well as Si'), 0(10, 000 worth of silk, is imjiorted into
the United States annuallv. Ramie fiber, tliat can
be grown in this countr3', can take the jilace mostlv
of this, and larg-ely with our own ])roduct of wool
and silk, equal or excel much of it in durabilit3' and
finish. There is no end or limit to tlie jxjssibilities,
apparenth", of the uses to which it can be ]3ut.

Ramie is now grown in China, Jajian, India, Mex-
ico, Cuba, Hawaii, Saiiuja, West Indies, Guatamala,
Columbia, and Brazil, and (in the United States), in
Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Te.xas, Cali-
fornia, and Washington in small quantities. It is
also grown in South France, ItaL' and Hungar3’.
It is worth in China to SHI) per ton, cleaned 1)3'
hand. This is done there b3' scrapiipg- the pellicle
off the outside of the stalk, cut g-reen, then ])eelin,g
the bark, and with a bamboo stick rubbing- out the
mucilaginous g'-'umm3' matter over a log, and re-
peated boiling, washing, and dr3'ing on scaffolds or
roofs of their houses. For export it is onlv jiartialU'
ungummed. For tlieir hand weaving- they striji this
IjartialU’ ung-ummed fiber into threads as long as
possible, containing, of course, thousands of fibers
held tog'-ether b3' gum (saving- the operation of comb-
ing and spinning), which .the3' fasten, stick or tie
together end to end, making long threads in imita-
tion of silk, which the3' weave into goods 113' hand,
then boil and bleach out and color in the piece.

Tliis primitive wa3' of working, which can onl3'
be done with the cheapest of labor, has deceived
most of our experimenters into the belief that the
fibers were long as the stalk, like flax and hemp,
when in fact the3' are hollow ribbons or veins, run-
ning- between the leaves, of different lengths, ac-
cording to growth of stalk, from two to six, or three
to nine inches, and run from the bark to the wood
all the wav up. making it such an enormous grower.
Want of knowledge of this, of course, prevented
success in the making of machiner3' to prepare it for
manufacture.

Mr. Slaught argues, and with apparent force, that
before the farmer can be induced to eng-ag-e in the
cultivation of ramie he mu.st be assured of a market
for his ])roduct, and to that end factories for its
manufacture must be provided. Caj)ital is timid
and with reluctance finds its wav into new and un-
tried channels. For this reason governmental en-
couragement of a substantial nature is urg'-ed. The
exact cost, feasibilit3' and practibilitv of manufac-

chine t3'pe. It has a notched drum fixed on the axel
that revolves when the machine is in motion. Two
rows of teeth, one in front and the other in the rear
of the drum, are lifted b3' the notches on the drum
and are allowed to fall b3' the force of gravit3'. The
front row of teeth represent a man with a hoe and
the rear row of teeth exactU’ immitate the motion
used with a rake. It can be used for a harrow, or a
section ma3' l)e removed from the center and it can
be used as a cultivator for 3'oung plants.

Cruisers Not to Be Electroplated.

It is said that the United States will not permit an3'
of the new steel cruisers to be electroplated with cop-
per in order to render the vessels’ bottoms less liable
to fouling-, as has been stated was their intention.
The patented process spoken of was thorough^' ex-
amined 1)3' naval constructors some time ago, and
condemned in an official re])ort to the Secretar3' of
the Nav3'. The rei)ort declares that instead of im-

A TOP OF STARK OF

uring the product must be demonstrated before ca])-
ital can be enlisted or the raw material ])roduced.

In his efforts to interest the people of the Sotith
and Pacific coast in the g-rowing- of ramie and as
well as in his endeavor to interest capital in the
establishment of factories for its treatment, Mr.
Slaught has been reasonabU* successful. He has
been offered substantial aid to start the enterprise
at Alexandria, and he believes the ])resent effort is
but the f)eginning of the develo])ment of one of the
country’s gf-reatest industries.

In the Tradesman of August IS, an article on the
ramie ])lant is ])ul)lished, in which it is claimed that
Capt. S. B. Allison, near New (Orleans, has grown
nearly 1,S()() ])ounds of decorticated ribbon per acre.
Mr. Allison also claims to have invented a machine
that successfull3' decorticates ramie.

The cut published herewith represents a top of a
stalk of ramie in full leaf.

New Pulverizer and Harrow.

Among'- the patents recenth' issued was one to
Albert I). Powers, of Owensborough, K3'., on a
Pulverizer and Harrow. All harrows heretofore in-
vented drag or cut the g-round. In the Powers har-
row the ])rinciple is entireh' new for a horse power
implement. The pulverizer chops and digs the
ground just as a man would with a hoe, with g^reat
rapidit3'. It is desig-ned to be drawn by two horses,
and is supported on two wheels of the mowing ma-

RAMTE IN FtTRR REAF.

proving'- the condition of a vessel so treated the treat-
ment would be ])ositivel3' destructive, as the moment
the thin skin of copper was broken, as it certainl3'
would be 1)3' contact with an3’ obstruction, galvanic
action between the copper :ind steel plating would
ensue and the steel would be rapidly destro3'ed b3'
the action of salt water.

The Buffingtoii=Crozier dun Carriage.

The Buffington Crozier disa])pearing gun carriage
for Id-inch rifles was recently tested at Sandy Hook
with veiw' satisfactory results. Ten sliots were fired
according to official time given out, in 14 minutes 41
9-10 seconds, to which should be added 7 minutes and
and 35 seconds for delay caused b3' the gun and not
chargeable to the carriag-e. The projectile weighed
575 pounds and the power charge 240 pounds. The
carriage is of American design, and was built at the
Southwark foundr3', Philadelphia, Maj. A. H. Ar-
nold, of the engineeritig corps, witnessed the trial,
which was conducted b3' Capt. Frank Heath, in
charg-e ol proving g-rounds.

“ Tips to Inventors.”

This is one of the most instructive and useful
works for mechanics and inventors. Its author is
Robert Grimshaw, M. F., and the book, cloth bound,
retails for $1. The Inventive Age for one 3'ear
and “Tips to Inventors” will be sent to an3' address
for $1.50.

TMB INV1£XTTV1£ AOP:.

179

AUTOHATiC PAPER FEEDING HACHINE.

Something: About the Importance of the Novel
Device to the Commercial Printing: World.

Modern eqiii])ment is the order of the dav' in the
printing- and l)ookbinding- e.stai)lishnients of tlie
country. Tlie institution that is not abreast witli
the march of advancement in this line simply can-
not compete. It is said of a well known book-bind-
ing- institution located at the g-reat inland city by
the hike that it can afford to jiay freight both ways
from coast cities and yet make a larg-er jirotit than
its competitors, simply because it is thorong-hly
equipped with modern devices and machinery for
folding and binding- all classes of j)rinted matter.

The introduction of efficient linecasting typeset-
ting machinery has materially reduced the cost of
publications, but it is not alone the advance in this
branch of the art that has made it p(5ssible for the
public to be supplied with books and standard pub-
lications at about one-third former prices. The de-
velopment of paper-making- machery and rapid print-
ing- presses have added their jjortion to the labor-
saving meth(-)ds in the art of jirinting-. The great
newspaper perfecting- machine, which automatically
takes the p.'qjer from
the continuous roll and
produces the papers
printed, folded and
counted in packag-es of
any desired number,
at a speed varving- from
ten to fifty thousand per
hour, according- to the
style of ])ress used,
really has made no en-
croachment upon helds
of that class of printing-
appliances wliich are
required to produce the
millions of cojiies of
printed matter that
come under the head of
commercial jirinting- or
tliat must pass throug-f
the book-binding- estab
lishment before reach-
ing- the eyes of tlu
reader. Tliis class o
printing is done alnios-
exclusively ujion wha'
is known as cylindei
presses, and inventiw
g-enius has been ben< -
ing- its efforts particu
larly for the last hah
decade, to jiroduci
])resses of this tvpi
which would have a
speed of operation com-
mensurate with that
already attained in
other branches of print-
ing-, and especially
with those machines
which s(-i rapidly and
automatically f o 1 d ,
trim, sew or stich and
bind printed forms. It

is not an e.xag-g-eration to state that builders of this
style of printing- presses are now turning out ma-
chines possessed of a speed almost if notentirelv be-
yond the power of human hands to feed the sheets
of jiaper continously or for any reasonable length of
time to any fixed g-age for register and keep pace
with the demand of the press. But with the intro-
duction and adoption of these speeds- cylinder presses
has come an invention which at once fits an open
nitch in the great printing and bookbinding- estab-
lishments of the countrv and one which is meeting
with marked favor and rapid adoption. It is the
Automatic Paper Feeding IMachine. This machine
is ai)])licable alike to all styles of cylinder printing
])resses, drop roll folding machines and ruling and
calendaring machines. Some idea of the rapid rec-
og-nition of the merited etiiciency of this machine
may be gleaned from the fact that over three hun-
dred of them have been put into practical o-i)eration
within a very .short period of time. It simplv feeds
the sheets of paper into the ])rinting press to any
fixed g-age of register and never g-ets tired. The
paper is piled upon the feeding- Ixjard as for use by
the old hand method of feeding-, the machine is set
for operation, and it not only automatically feeds the
sheets into the ]iress and also automaticllY adjusts
the heig-ht of the pile of pajier as it is reduced, but
keeps in perfect harmony with the varying condi-
tions of speed that nui}- be taken on by the press
through uneven distribution of motive power, a fea-
ture alone that tries the patience and demands exact-
ing vigilence on the part of press feeders — because it

receives its momentum from direct connection witli
the main action of the press itself. In operation it
performs the functions of the hand feeder with un-
varying- accuracy, by reason of the nov'el method by
which it buckles up the back corners of the top sheet
and releases it from the underlying- ones and ijuick-
h' passes it down to the reg-ister gag-e. This is jier-
formed by a set of mechanical rubber rollers which,
when raisings the back corners of the top sheet and
in passing it down to the g-age, are held sationary
but run loose in their bearing- over the ])ile of paper
on their return for another sheet. During- the opera-
tion of passing the top sheet down to the feed reg-is-
ter a clamp holds all the remaining- paper in a firm
position, while a verj- simple device, similar in ac-
tion t(.) the governor of an eng-ine, automatically
raises the pile of paper to the required height to se-
cure perfect result.s.so that all the sheet.s, whether be-
longing to the top, middle or bottom of the pile of
paper, are fed into the press from the same plane of
elevation. One who has watched the movements of a
press feeder will understand the operation of this
machine. The hand feeder usually g-ives the to]) sheet
of pa])er a forward movement with the feeding h<uie
and then lifts the sheet with his hand and passes it
down to the gage. He does this t<j break the sup-
posed electrical connection of one sheet with another.
The practice of many jiersons of turning the pages
of a book with moistened fing-er ti])s will also ex-
plain the operation of this feeding machine. If the
same method was applied to a pile of paper by mciist-

in construction and cppcratioii. It is buiit up..n mod-
ern methods of interchangealde ]);irts. .-ind with the
oridinary care usually accorded ]irintiug- house m.-i-
chinery should have extended life.

brcjug^ht before Congres

.\UTOMATIC PAPER FEEDINl, MACHIMl.

ening- the tips of a finger of each hand and the back
corners of the top sheet were pushed toward the cen-
ter of the pile and the sheet lifted up and moved
aw.ay to the front the positive and unvary ing- action
of the Automatic Feeding IMachine would lie well
demonstrated.

In practical operation these machines are doing-
for this branch of the printing- business what re-
cently invented devices have done in other divisions,
reducing- the number of persons necessary to the work
and g'-reatly increasing the amount of product frcnn
each press. In the ajiplication of this feeding machine
to folding- and ruling- machines, the results are even
more satisfactory, showing- a marked saving- in cost
of operation and a g-reater accuracv of work. When
attached to a reg-ular book cylinder ju'ess this ma-
chine makes a saving- of about twenty ]')er cent,
while its ajiplication to what is styled a “ jmnv ”
printing- press the amount of product is even projior-
tionateH' very much larger.

It was f<3rmerly known as the Burrell feeder, but
has recentlv become the jiroperty of the Kconomic
Machine Co., headquarters at 2S Reade street. New
York. The well known firm of Messrs. Montag-ue A
Fuller, with houses both in New York and Chicag-o,
are the ag-ents for the company. They are of the
decided opinion, from the results obtained from the
three hundred and over, of these machines now in
practical operation, that no live printer can afl'ord to
ignore them. They believe this feeding- machine
will pa^' for itself in wages saved and in increased
product in one year. The machine is very simple both

Opposed to the Deborow Bill.

lyos A.\-(-,);i,i;.s. Cai,.. Ai-('.. 20.
DiEyR Sir: he .\ug-u>t number of the Fw-j-.n'-

1 [\ ]'. i^^ at hand, and after reading (>ver the

many sensible and v.-iluable article.^ set forth on its
finely illustrated pag-es, I feel it due you. as pub-
lisher. to acknowledg-e my apiu'eciation of it. Being-
an inventor. I assure you. th.-it your write-ujis of the
maiq- ‘'Fatent Sharks, are e.xceedi ngl \- .-ijipropriate
and eminently jiroiier. If some of the older journals,
so long- patronized by inventors, had been more in
touch with their re.aders, inventors would h.ave been
saved from these smooth-mouthed villiaus, who for
a small consideration of from Sis to S2.s. are sure of
finding- a purchaser or cajiit.-il. to push one's jxitent
on the market at once. --Just sig-u the inchised con-
tract and remit at once," is their cry ; all. of ci>ur.se,
working exclusively for the interest and welfare of
the inventor: Most of the in ventors have to run the
g-auntlet in front of these miserable fr.uids. I wish
to say something'- about th, -it bill concerning- j'atents,

lately b_i,- 2vlr. Deborow, of
Illinoi.s, “by request,"
to "declare letters pat-
ent null and void, when
used, operated, or con-
trolled by .-iny trust,
mono])! ily , cc ill! bination
or other conspiracy
in restraint of trade,
etc." I look upon this
as an impracticle and
unjust ])roposition. I
would ask tlie said Con-
gressman. if he had
brains enou,g-h tog-et up
or invent a really val-
uable machine, and one
the advantag-es of
which to the whole
world would induce
capital to develop it —
whether it was a com-
bination of capital of
several persons, or of
one ]ierson —would it
make any difference to
him. so that he was re-
munerated for his long
labor and hard study
in inventing- said ma-
chine? Would he think
it just to annul his pat-
ent because some com-
])anv or capital, should
supply the demand for
h.is machine? Would
he lie encouraged to
test his brains a second
time? Would others be

encouraged to invent

"f “ " " " “ _ anything- of utility and

necessity, by such a
course? Would Con-
g r e s s c o m m a n d
res])ect of the brains
of the country In- listening- to such imbecile petitions
from its members? Does the world no long-er need
the use of ]irog-ressi ve minds for the use and benefit
of the human race? Must we all crystalize, ossify or
carlx.inize?

Take away our inventors, and where would we. or
the world of humanity be? Monopolies in the full
sense of the term, are a curse to the country and
trusts are only monopolies intensified. This is quite
admissible, when only evil to the masses is produced
and where competition is shut ofl. and the people are
robbed of something they cannot do without. But
in the case of a patented article, all can manufacture
and use it by p.-iyin.g the patentee his royalty for it —
the same as we would i>ay f<ir the use of land, or a
house, a horse, etc. It is the result of both brain and
])hysical exertion and he is entitled to pay just as
much as is the farmer for a bushel of corn or the
artist for a fine jiainting-.

But. iSIr. Editor, I yet hope that this and all suc-
ceedin.g Congresses will have more sense than for a
moment, to entertain such an absurd, unwise and
unjust pr(3position as here noted.

Wki.es N. White.

Names of All Patent Attorneys.

There has reoeiiU.v been cemuiled b.\- Virginia W. Middleton,
the well known stenograpliei-. a list of all attornevs praetieing
before the United States Patent Utliee. This little volnnie is of
inctilcnlable value lo inventors, attorne.vs and nKuinfactnrers.
The cloth binding- ci>sls $1. 511 ami paper cover Sf. Send lo Tut;
iNVEN-nvE Age, Washington, D. C. Edition limited.

i8o

THK IXVENTIVK AOE

SCIENCE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.

Conducted b.v E. P. Lewis.

In one of hi.s fascinating scientific romances Jules
Verne describes a trip to the moon made by several
brave and venture some individuals in a hollow pro-
jectile shot from a huge gun. Among the incidents
of this thrilling voyage was the casting adrift of a
small dog, which at once began to revolve as a satel-
lite around the projectile. A trip such as this would
have certain unpleasant features, such as the jirob-
abilityof running short on food and water, or of mis-
ing aim and wandering around the universe forever:
yet, as in all Verne's romances, there is an element
of possibility about thestorj". It is very easy to cal-
culate— almost every college student has done it as a
problem in elementary astronomy or mechanics —
just how fast a body must be projected so that it
will never return to the earth. It is simply a <pies-
tion as to which is the greater, the force of projection
or the force of gravity. If a projectile is shot u])-
ward with a velocity of seven miles or more a second,
it will never return to earth. If the velocit_v in a
horizontal direction is exactlv four and nine-tenths
miles a second, the body will continue to revolve
around the earth in a circular orbit in a period of
one hour twenty-four and seven-tenths minutes. At
least this would be the case if we sujipose that the air
offers no resistance. Actually a greater velocity
would be necessarv on this account, but as we know
very little as to the resistance offered to bodies mov-
ing very rapidly the exact speed necessary cannot be
calculated. So 3'ou see that it is quite possible to be
shot to the moon, if a strong enough ex])losive could
be made, and if any one brave enoug'h to make the
attempt could be found. Unfortunately, if the triji
could be safelj' made there would be no way to get
back.

* * li-

lt is a fact not generally know' that the air in the
neighborhood of waterfalls is strongly charged with
electricity. After observ’ing that this w'as the case
at the foot of several wniterfalls in the Alps, I’hilip
Lenard, a German physicist, made some laboratory
experiments and show'ed that when a jet of w'ater
falls into <an insulated vessel the water becomes
charged w'ith positive and the surrounding air w'ith
negative electricity. In some cases the potential, or
intensity , became so great that sparks could be drawn
f romdhe vessel. He showed that it is not the friction
of the water against the air that developed tlie
charge, because it is ahvays produced at the foot (jf
the fall immediately over the rocks. There has been
some dispute as the cause of this efl'ect, and tlie mat-
ter is still unsettled.

* -Sf- -x-

Pure w'rought iron is soft, may easily be bent, and
does not retain magnetism. Steel is tougli, hard to
bend, and w'ill remain iiermanently miignetized.
Tliis wonderful difference is all caused by mixing a
very small amount of carbon with the jiure metal.
When the iron is first separated from its ore bj'
roasting' w’ith coke and limestone it is called cast or
pig iron, and contains four or five ])er cent of car-
bon, which makes it verj’ h.ird and brittle. This
pig iron is then converted into wrought iron bj-
“ puddling,” that is, it is melted ;ind air is blowm
throng'll it. The o.xyg'en in the air combines with
the carbon and carries most of it off — the less re-
mains behind, the softer the iron. Another w’a_v is
to melt the cast iron with iron ores containing
oxygen, the o.xides of iron, these having- the same ef-
fect. To make steel from the w’rought iron, some
carbon must be put back, but not so much as there
W'as in the ])ig dron. There is g-enerally about one
to two ])er cent of carbon in steel. It is made in
several ways. One is to pack pow’dered charcoal
around the iron and heat it until enoug'h carbon has
been absorbed. This is called cementation. The
principal method now’ used is the Bessemer process.
The cast iron is melted in a vessel called a converter,
and the carbon is removed by an air blast through it.
Then enough cast iron is added togiveitjust the
right amount of carbon.

-x- -x- »

One of the sinijilest evidences that heat is due to
motion — to the vibrations of the molecules of matter
— is that we can jiroduce an_v amount of heat by
mere mechanical motion, such as friction, (ff
course if heat w'ere a substance it w’ould be im])os-
sible to get an .endless amount of it out of any one
body by simply rubbing it. It is very fortunate for
nations in w’hich the use of matches is unknown that
heat can be produced b_v mechanical means, for this
is the only w’ay they have to light their fires. It lias
not been so verj’ long since even civilized nations
used a flint and steel for that purpose. Some South
Sea and East Indian nations make fires by rubbing a

small stick of bamboo in a notch in a larger piece of
the same wood, or b_v saw’ing- one piece across anoth-
er, until the dust rubbed off catches fire. The Eski-
mos use a similar method, but tw’irl the piece of w’ood
betw’een the palmns of their hands like a drill, or
they rotate |it by w’inding a cord . once around
it and pulling the cord back and forth like a bow’
drill. Some savage tribes use a more ingenious de-
vice like what is called a pump drill. The accom-
panving diagram shows how’ this w’orks. A strip of
wood several inches long has a round hole in the
middle, through w’hich jiasses around pointed stick.
Tw’o cords run from the to]) of the stick to the ends
of the strip of wood. < )n coiling these cords around
the stick until the strip is raised to its top. putting'

rapidly, and by a little practice it may be made to
turn around so much as to w’ind the cords around it
in the opposite direction. If this is kept up long'-
enoug'h the board may be set on fire. By this method
it is quite easy to light afire, but the clumsier w’ays
mentioned require a good deal of patience, and some-
times do not succeed at all. After finding out
how’ much w’ork they reipiire w’e can appreciate the
blessing of matches. We w’ill be still more thank-
ful w’hen imitches are no longer necessary, and all
that we have to do for light and fire is to press an
electric button.

Machine for Sprinkling Paris Green.

Mr. D. M. Pinckney, of S('>uth ( inandago, N. Y.,
has invented a Paris Green Sprinkler w’hich promises
to meet with favor among' potato grow’ers every-
where. A cart is constructed w’ith an extension axel
W’hich can be Icng-thened or shortened to accommo-
date the various width in row’s.

The hose and sjirinklers are arranged and con-
trolled by levers in such a manner as to be instantly
adjusted to the different w’idth or irregular row’s at
the will of the ojierator. It is claimed that it will
w’ork on the hill side going lengthw’ise of the hill
W’ith the same perfection as upon the level.

Compliments for “ Inventive Age.”

Tin-; iNVRXTivi-; A1.1-; of Washington. D. C. is a larye 20 paire
montlilv illnslrated journal of 'inanufacturinu' indusiry and
soitMiiilio ]>r(»L’'res'^, niculy printed <>ii heavy paper, 10 cents a
c<)])y or a year. The hrst jiajre of the Au”-u.st number is

devoted to an i 1 hisl ration and sketch f)f the new cruiser Minne-
a]>olis, followed with illustrations on scientific irritration and
other matters of interest. This paper ranks amoiifjr the leadin;^
publications of the country. It illustrates and describes new
inventions, which is one of its leading'’ features. It ^'•ives a
choice of two iiremiums to its subscribers, which alone are
worth tlie prici* of subscrijition — World's Fair Views, four books
each containiii;r 55 photographs — the Atlas of the world, 123
larj.re ])a<ires of maps; illust rations and valuable information. —
jVoi-th llarvcy Herald.

Thi-: InvjvNtivi-: A<.i:, a journal devoted to manufacturintr
industry and scientilic pro^»-ress, ranks liifjrh amony the leadintr
publications of its class. IJesides illustrating^ and describi nj,>‘
new inventions, it presents each month a paf^e of familiar
science for youii”' people, written without technicalities so that
all can understand. This is a notable feature and will be ap-
])reciated by a larire J Ionic and Mart .

Names of Patent Solicitors.

Names and addresses of attorneys practicinjr before the
United States Patent Office, carefully compiled by Virtrinia W.
Middleton, for sale by the Inventiv’E Age; cloth $1.50; paper $1
Edition limited,

Books and flagazines.

In no W’ay i.s the w’onderful development of elec-
tricitj’ more strikingly illustrated than in the re-
m.arkable increase in the publication of electrical
books and mag'azines. So numerous have electrical
1,erms become and so necessaiw’ their use in the
every day affairs of the business and scientific
w’orld that an encj'clopedic dictionary has become
an indispensable adjunct to the library and work
shop of the practical engineer and electrician as
'well as to the amatuer. The “Standard Electrical
Dictionary” is the name of a w’ork of this nature,
by Prof. T. G. Sloane, w’hich gives evidence of much
stud}’ and thoroughness. It is a book of 624 pages,
W’ith 350 illustrations, audits definitions of electrical
terms are so clear and concise that the w’ork becomes
of v’alue to the non-professional as w’ell as profes-
sional student. In the discussion of electrical mat-
ters in the scientific, and even in the daily and weekly
jiress the larg-e number of electrical terms used are
absolutely unintelig'ible to the average reader and
as the terms used have “come to stay” and increase
as advancement is made in electrical science it is
important that their true meaning be understood.
This work fills the field. We are just entering on
electrical age and to know’ just w’hat is meant by
ohms, ampheres, volts, gram, mil, and like terms is
necessary to a comjdete understanding of even the
fundamental jirinciples of electrical science. It is
jniblished by Norman W. Henley & Co., 132 Nassau
street. New’ York. Price $3. For sale by Inventive
Ac.E, Washing'ton, I). C.

-;{■ -X- -X

Mr. J. P. Barrett, city electrician of Chicago, and
the Electrical Commissioner of the World’s Fair, an-
nounces as ready for publication his book entitled
“Electricity at the World’s Columbian Exposition.”
In the prepar.ation of this beautiful and interesting
volume. Mr. Barrett has had the invaluable assis-
tance of Dr. Hornsby, through whose hands all the
matter has jiassed. The book is not only full of
data — historical, technical, etc. — but is richly em-
bellished W’ith hundreds of choice engravings. It is
also handsomely bound in decorative cloth covers.
The price of the volume is only ®2.50, and it could
not be sold for that sum had not many of the exhib-
itors in Electricity building- g-uaranteed in a meas-
ure the cost of its production. It is likely soon to
run out of jirint. All orders should be addressed
direct to J. P. Barrett, City Hall, Chicago.

TV ‘Jr

In an article entitled “The Auxiliary Machinery
of an ( )ccan Greyhound,” in the September number
of Cassier’s Magazine, Mr. H. E. Ebsen draws an
interesting' picture of the maze of machinery, besides
the main engines and boilers, w’hich helps to make
up the equipment of one of the modern transatlantic
liners. To the traveler abroad w’ho rarely, if ever,
ventures into the w’orking- dejiths of his temporary
floating- home, the article ought to be perhaps
specially interesting, telling of many things which
are little dreamed of and yet w’orth knowing.

X X -x-

Judge Walter Clark, the Associate Justice of the
Supreme Court of North Carolina, writes in the
September Arena on “The Election of Senators and
the President by Popular Vote, and the Veto.”
Judg-e Clark is in favor of the election of Senators
by popular vote, but is o]iposed to the extension of
the principle to Presidential elections, as he believes
it w’ould imperil the republic. But he considers the
pow’ers of jiatronage and the veto vested in the
President anomalous and dang-erous, and would
have them curtailed.

^ X X

The Aug-ust issue of the Street Railway and Elec-
trical News, Minneapolis, w-as given up to a verbatim
report of the recent midsummer convention of the
Northw’estern Electrical Association, held in that
city. The number contains numerous illustrations
and cuts of the more prominent members of the as-
sociation.

XXX

The paper on “Male and Female Attire in Various
Nations and Ages,” by Mrs. Ellen Battelle Dietrick
in the August Arena, doubtless received a wide
reading-. It is an historical examination of the fas-
cinating- subject of costume, w’hich meets the argu-
ments of those opposed to modern dress reform
movements on the grounds of custom and historical
precedent by show’ing that women were the original
inventors and w’earers of tromsers, and that their
early use by men -ivas deprecated as effeminate.
Strabo, a Greek historian, about 450 B. C., remarks
this peculiar feminine costume w’hich the Persians
adopted after conquering the Medes from the van-
quished. The Greeks and Romans, Thracians,
Cicilians, etc., then all w’ore skirts, men and women
alike.

THK IN

^TIVE AOE

Countries Where Piracy of Inventions is Legalized.

By George (i. Turri, Melbourne.

A thousand writers have harped upon the wondrous
nature of the inventive facult}". They realize that
man is a creator, and that capital and labor alike
are, and will alwaj's be, impotent without machinery
and processes — that is, invention. tVhat Bacon has
said is echoed bj' them all, “The introduction of new
inventions seemeth to be the verj' chiefestof liunian
actions. The benefits of new inventions may extend
to all mankind — they make all men happy without
injurY' to ariYb”

xV few remarks from me inaY’ not be amiss, dealing
with some of those features of the Patent Laws
which control the use of new inventions, intluence
the development of inventive genius, and markedh'
affect human happiness and progress.

Clearly put, popularlj' available comparisons of
the chief patent laws of the world are .seldom, if
ever, seen ; but scrappy newspaper references to the
subject are numerous. Frequentlj' the latter make
some side issue prominent, and by failing to give
weight to fundamental principles, have the effect of
misleading the reader. Thus we have this anomah'
that all admit that industrial progress goes hand in
hand with a good patent law, and the latter subject
is one few understand.

In Australia vigorous efforts are made to stimulate
local industries, but where are the skilled attemps to
improve the patent law?

A good patent system is essential if inventors are
to be given an incentive to the hard, persistent labor
which is required to evolve industrial improvements.
In countries where patents are issued, but where in-
ventions and industries languish, we are .driv'en to
the conclusion that the patent laws must be bad.

“If men,” says the Hon. Charles Mitchell, of 'Wash-
ington, Yvho is one of the highest of authorities,
“were not induced by the rcYvards of a patent system
to cling to their ideas through all vicissitudes, their
hands would drop in discouragement." At the same
time to some extent Mr. Mitchell is wrong. When
Shakespeare wrote of “the brightest heaven of in-
vention” nothing worthy the name of patent law ex-
isted, and yet his phrase indicated the happy results
possible without it.

Let me now point out what patents are, and who
are entitled to these temporary monopolies. Just as
a tyrant or autocrat may be a g-ood ruler, so a mo-
nopolj' iiiaY' sometimes be publicly beneficial. If
once the public adopts the patent the inr-entor has a
power of taxing- 'everY' consumer. It is for his and
their benefit jointly. This power has enabled some
patentees to amass millions and for a time keep up
prices. Anyone knoYvs cases Yvhere the cost of ma-
terial and labor on patent articles are Y’astlv loYver
than the selling price. For example, an article I
patented for an inventor last Yveek costs 18s to make
locally, Y'et he sells it for L3, and his Y^ery first order
Yvas for a sufficient number to enable him to paY' the
charg-e for obtaining- his patent and haY-e a itirge
balance of profit.

But in most cases patentees do not make large for-
tunes ; CY^en if successful, the profit made is im-
mensely less than the benefit they confer on the pub-
lic by their g-enius.

In the United States, no one but the actual inven-
tor or his assignee is g'-ranted a jjatent. All iiiY'en-
tion of any Ymlue sooner or later become knoYvn and
used in that countrY’.'but monopolies are not alloYved
except to actual iiiY'entors or their assigns.

In England it is otherwise. Supposing'- Mr.Wolse-
ley Yvhen he inY'ented his famous sheepshear could
not afford to apply, or through illness postponed ap-
plying, for an Eng-lish patent. The English laYV is
that any man could secure the patent for himself bY’
obtaining a copy of Wolseley’s specification and
draYving (available for a feYv shillings at an Austral-
ian Patent Office) and sending- the same to England
Yvith suitable instructions before any other copY- got
there. Had someone else done this Wolseley Yvould
not liaY'e been able to g-et a valid English patent, nor
even have had the right to make his machines there
to send to Australia. This poYver to secure patents
for other people’s iiiY-entions has been used repeat-
edly. The piratical patentee is officiallY' classed as
a benefactor to England.

In 1891 Sir Richard Webster, O. C., the Attorney-
General, g-ave this matter anxious thought. He de-
clared the law to be that “an importer YY-a.s the true
and first inventor.” It mattered not whether he has
“ stolen the invention or learned it from some third
person, he Yvas regarded as meritorious in the sense
of being the true and first iiiY'entor, that the true
and first inY-entor. if resident in England, Yvas re-
garded as meritorious.” This decision YvasgiY'en in
faY'or of a Melbourne client of my oyy'ii YY'ho (YY-liether

truthfully or not) posed as the iiiY'entor. By the
siime mail steamer that took his application, seY'eral
gentlemen yy-Iio declared my client had stolen the in-
Y'ention from them also traY'elled to England at
great expense expressly to jiatent the same thing-.
They Yvere three days later than my client in filing-
their application., and the result of a long and
expensive legal battle was the decision that CY-en if
they had been defrauded, there Yvas no remedy.

xVt the World’s Congress on Patents at Chicago,
Mr. W. Lloyd Wise, J. P., a jjatent agent of hig-h
character, made public his opinion that it is proper
to giY-e the patent to the first introducer or importer
of the inY-ention, Yvhether he is the inventor or not.
Some assert that it is good for the countrY' to haY-e
knoYvledge brought into it of iiiY-entions. Therefore.
YvhoeY-er introduces that knoYvledg^e first should be
rcYvarded, eY-en if he steals it frcYin the iiiY-entor him-
self. I doubt it. I deny it. That laYV sinks Eng--
land to the leY-el of a buyer of stolen property. If
another nation be jjlundered, she Yvill pay YvhoeY-er
bring-s the spoil to her. The difference of a feYv
days or months does not YY-arrant her in thrusting
aside the real iiiY-entor. The real first itiY-entor
might be some Engli5>h ckizen YY’ho after years of
toil makes his application a day or tYvo after a for-
eigner of anti-Eng^lish interests, and because that
Englishman is a day late he is ruined. The British
system does not make fair alloYvance for the miracles
of thoug-ht, of labor, of patience, of genius and of
abneg-ation iiiY-entors perform. In deg'-raded Africa
he YY’ho steals the cattle of some other tribe is feasted
as a public benefactor. But Yvhat Briton Yvould up-
hold that?

Before patent law. patents Yvere issued in Eng-land
by royal faY’or. The priY’ilege was abused — court
faY’orites and others Yvere alloYY-ed in the most reck-
less YvaY’ to disturb trade bY’ monopolizing the sales
of eY-ery day articles — not neYv iiiY-ention — such as
iron, coal and salt. The Royal object in issuing-
these oppressiY’e monopolies Yvas often sordid. These
patents so incensed Parliament that it interfered in
1623 Yvith a Statute declaring that no monopolY-
thereafter could be granted bY’ the king'-, except to
the iiiY’entors of iicyy’ manufactures.

Eng-land YY-as not a manufacturing country then:
education Yvas in a shockingly backward state; neYvs
spread sloYvly: books and neYvspapers hardly existed:
they Yvere dear and inaccessible to the masses : in-
credible numbers could not read. Parliament, to
stimulate trade, decided to alloYV this kind of mono-
■I)ol_Y’ to exist. When an English traY-eller returned
from a distant land, bearing the knoYvledg'-e of some
important iiiY-ention, and intending to set up a man-
ufactory in England, we can Yvell understand his
being'- faY'ored. Enterprise Yvas rare, and the faY’or
Yvas not much after all, for the expense of patents in
fees YY’as em^rmous.

In the year 1650 men’s Yvits Yvere dull : no patents
YY’ere issued. In 1700, two only : in 1750. seY-en : in
1800, about 100 : 1850, about 600. Up to the neYv laYv
of 1883 the number increased Y’ery sloYvly. In the
first 150 years of the patent hiYY- not much OY’er 1000
patents issued.

It Yvas in 1691 that the court held that it Yvas the
same thing YY’hether a man claimed bY’ Y’irtue of
brain pOYver or by Yvhat he had learned in his traY-els,
he YY-as ecpially "the true and first itiY’entor.” But it
should be Y'ery different in the present day YY-hen a
copy of CY-ei’Y’ patent is issued in xVmerica and some
other countries is, as matter of routine, sent to Eng-
land bY’ post free of cost, and becomes accessible to
all British citizens. Except for a feYV per cent of
these on YY'hich patents are secured by the iiiY-entors
or by “introducers,” all these iiiY-entions can be used
by manufacturers, for no monojjolY' exists.

One Eng'-lish judge has ventured to doubt Yvhether
the natural common sense definition of first iiiY’entor
cannot be adopted in English laYV. (Kurtz y’. Spence.)

Fortunately for Australia, the legral authorities in
Y-arious colonies haY-e adopted the commf)n sense in-
terpretation. Let us noYv enquire whether it does
g-ood to the countrY’ to giY-e the introducer a patent?
Conditions haY’e so changed in the last 100 years that
YY’hat Yvas a benefit may be one no longer. Suppos-
ing- these patents preY-ent Yvidespread manufactur-
ing? Thej’ are not noYv a means for securing Y’alu-
able knoYvledge otherYvise unobtainable. IVhether
the introducer applies or not, England gets the
knoYvledge ; hence the consideration the introducer
offers is a sham. It YY’ould not be so if evei'Y’ intro-
ducer agreed to manufacture the inY-ention in Eng-
land, but no such condition exists.

The Eng'-lish laYv on this point preY-ails in New
South Wales according to the official practice, but
the latter, I belieY-e, is due to an erroneous and
hitherto unchalleng'-ed interpretation (by a CroYvn
laYv officer). The act does not name “ the true and
first iiiY’entor,” but “ authors or designers” as en-
titled to patents.

In Queensland and Western Australia the practice
is to treat the Eng-lish interpretation of the Yvords
“true and first inY-entor” as incorrect. Yvhilst in Tas-
mania and South Australia the English system is
(perhaps not Yvilling'-lj-) treated as prevailing : the
Yvords “ the true and first iiiY-entor ” are used in the
xVcts of all the four colonies last named. xVs to YY’hat
these YY’ords mean I belieY’e the court has never in

an_Y’ of these fic-e colonies been referred to for decis-
ion. In Victoria and Ncyv Zealand the ^Vinerican
interpretation is ha])pil3’ and unmi.-.takablY' tlie law.
The Acts state that no “ unauthcjrized importer"
maY’ ajiplY’. Tlie foIloYving is a com])lete list o,juit-
ting countries of under a million (jojuilation. e.xcejff
Austrahisia) showing how the world is divided on this
point. In countries where ])iracY- is not leg.’ilized. if
the foreign inY'ent<ir Yvants no patent, these coun-
tries soon enough get the knoYY-ledge of the inven-
tion YY’ithout aiiY' “introducer’s" aid, and instead
of one man oiiIy" liaY’ing the right to jn-olit b_Y’ these
iiiY-entions, eY-er_vone is free to do so.

PiracY’ is legalized in Great Britain. C;ipe CoIohy’,
Cej’lon, South Australia. T;ismani;i. Rus-ia. Sjjain.
TurkeY', Denmark. Columbia. Ecuador. lloliY’ia. No
British land except South ^Vustralia, but all the
others in this list require the invention to be actmillj’
Yvorked in the counti’Y’, otherYvise the patent becomes
Y'oid.

In the colonies the laws giY’e patents to the ” true
and first inventor,” Yvhich Yvords hat'e been perY’erted
from the natural meaning the Parliaments probablY’
intended them to haY'e to the meaning- preY'alent in
Eng'-land. This perY’ersion is usuallv due to the
Crown officials, but the court mat- Y’et decide that
these YY’ords do not leg-alize ])iracY'.

PiracY’ is not leg'-alized in Canda.NeYv South Wales,
Victoria. Western Australia, India. Fiji. Queensland.
United States, -\ustria. Belgium, Portug-al. Ger-
inanY’, France, Switzerland. XorYvaY'. Sweden. Italj-,
Finland, Brazil, Chili, Argentine. UruguaY-. Liberia,
Venezuela, Guatemala and Mexico.

In some of the above British countries the patent
is to “ the true and first iiiY’entor,” but the authori-
ties YY’ill not recognize the British interj^retation of
these Yvords.

In these and other countries others than the inven-
tors ma_Y’ become patentees, but their title is unsafe
unless theY’ hold the actual inY’entor’s authoritY’.

There are some countries that allow a patent to-
aiiY’one holding a patent elseYvhere for the same in-
Y-ention, but the condition that the iiiY-ention must be
Yvorked locallj- is in force also.

Technical Training.

In the formatiY-e ireriod of a science great pro-
progress maj’ often be made YY’ithout much training,
b}' close obsei’Y’ation, aided b_Y’ judg-ement and imag-i-
nation. but after it has reached a higher stage <-if
deY-elo])ment technical education becomes more and
more essential. Not oiiIy’ is it necessarY’ for the dis-
coverer or iiiY-entor to knoYY- Yvhat has alreadY’ been
done but the simpler applications haY-ing’ been first
developed, there remain onlv those that are more
complex, and YY-hich for this reason dem;ind not onlj'
Y-astlY’ more thought, but also in most cases require
the assistance of collateral branches of knoYvledg-e.
YY’hich must also be studied. As an instance, those
metals Yvhich either exist in the natiY-e state or maY"
be easilY' separated from their ores, such as g-old,
silY-er, iron, copper and lead. Yvere knoYvn to the an-
cients. Others, Yvhich are not so plentiful, but not
difficult to separate, such an bismuth and antimonY’.
Yvere discoY-ered later. To make further adY'ances
the methods of chemical sejiaration Yvere necessarY’.
and no progress could be made Yvithout the develoj)-
ment of that science. Later still the discoY’ei’Y’ of
the electric current and its electrolY’tic poYY’er g-aY-e
us sodium, potassium, aluminium and other sub-
stances. Yvhich without the adY'ance of electrical
knOYY’ledge Yvotild probabh- haY-e remained undiscoY’-
ered. Finallj’ the still more recent art of spectrum
analY’sis has enabled us to find seY-eral new and Y’al-
uable metals. MaiiY’ instances such as this might
be brought forward to shoYv the interdependence of
arts and sciences, and to emphasize the Y-alue of a
broad scientific training, as the basis of eY-erY-
technical profession. Edison. Yvhile not a g^raduate
of an_Y- scientific school or college, has eY-identh' been
impressed Yvith this idea. He is said to luiY’e one of
the finest general scientific libraries in the countrv.
and from the number and Y’arietY’ of his iiiY-entions
Yve maY’ safel_Y- infer that his mind has ahvaY's been
read_Y’ to receiY-e hints from an_v source. The great
Y-alue of a broad education does not, as some seem
to think, consist in the accumulation of facts that
must be soon forg'-otten : the benefit comes from
practice in proper methods of thoug'-ht :ind accpiiring
familiaritY- YY’ith the sources of knoYvledge. Some
men like Edison have natiY-e force sufficient to en-
able them to do this for themselY'es. but there are
feYY- that can do this. For some time there has been
a discussion among educators and practical engin-
eers on the subject of technical training, and the al-
most unanimous opinion seems to be that it is bet-
ter not to attempt too much practical work in the
schools. Most of this can be learned far better and
more economicallY’ in practical life, and it is better
for the student to laY’ as thorough a foundation of
theoretical knoYvledg'-e as possible, taking- onl_Y' enough
shop YY’ork to train his eves, hands and judgment.
Such students, if theY’ haY-e a fair amount of com-
mon sense. Yvill alYvaY’s knoYY’ Yvhat things are possi-
ble and Yvhat impossible. It is a sig^nificant fact
that fcYV of the perpetual motion and other “ some-
thing out of nothing- ” cranks are graduates of col-
leges and scientific schools. E. P. Leyy’i.s.

1&2

THE

AOE

PATENT DECISIONS.

Bt'RR c’S. FORD & FERGUSON.

This case was an interfei'ence in the Patent Office
between the patent of Ford & Ferg-uson and the ap-
plication of Burr, the invention being a hoop coup-
ling. The case came before the Commissioner of
Patents on appeal from the decision of the Exam-
iners in Chief of the Patent Office, who awarded pri-
orit}' of invention to Ford & Ferguson, Burr being,
of course, the appellant. Burr claimed a date of con-
ception much earlier than that established by his
apponents, but his testimoti}' was not of sufficient
strength to invalidate the alreadv issued patent of
Ford & Ferguson, so that the decision of the Flxam-
iners in Chief was affirmed, and priority awarded
to the patentees.

SOI.I'V vs. HEBBAKD.

The case of Soley c's. Hebbard was an interference
proceeding' in the Patent Office, and involved the
question as to who. of two claimants, was the first
inventor of a certain target making machine. The
Examiners in Chief decided that Soley was the in-
ventor of a portion of the machine, giving Hebbard
credit for the remainder. From this decision Heb-
bard appealed to the Commissioner. After exhaus-
tively considering the testimony ;ind the facts of the
case, the decision of the Examiners in Chief was re-
versed and Hebbard was adjudg-ed to be the first in-
ventor of the entire machine.

IllliX Z’S. I'UNG.S.

Hien z’S. Pungs was also a case involving the ques-
tion of priority of invention of a brakebeam. It was
an interference case in the Patent r>ffice and was
adjudicated b_v the Commissioner of Patents, who
considered it on ajipeal fr( mi the Examiners in Chief.
That tribunal, the Examiners in Chief, awarded
priority to Piing-s, who liad been g'ranted a patent
upon the invention and who had established dates
of reduction to practice earlier than those of Hien.
This decision the Commissioner affirmed. Hien at-
tempted to Use in the jiroof of reduction to practice
a prior and abandoned application made by liim,
but the Commissioner ruled, that this abandoned ap-
plication could not be used for such a purjiose.

SCHN’ABlil, I’S. SHEI.I,ABP:KGliK.

This case was a Patent Office interference, and
the subject matter involved was a form of wire
band for fences. The case was decided by the Com-
missioner of Patents: and he held, affirming- the Ex-
aminers in Chief, that Sellalierger was the jirior in-
ventor and therefore entitled to the patent. In this
case it seemed that Schnabel was the originator of
one form of the band and Shellaberg-er the origi-
nator of a second form ; and the question .arose
whether separate patents should be issued or a
single patent covering each be issued to one inven-
tor. It was decided, however, that the two forms,
being of no patentable difference, should be the sub-
ject of but a sing-le patent, and that this should
be g'ranted to Sliellaberger, since he invented the
form credited to him before the conception, by his
ojiponent, of the remaining form.

FARMI.V I’S. HOCHHArSP;N'.

Parmly I’s. Hoclihausen was also a Patent ( )ffice
interference, and had for its subject an arc lig-ht,
which is said to be of A'ast commercial value and
therefore the cause of a vigorous and protracted con-
test. The case was decided in favor of Parmlj' by
the Commissioner of Patents, to whom it came on
aiqieal from the Examiners in Chief. It was held
1)3' the Commissioner, affirming the Pdxaminers in
Chief, that the record showed that Parmlv reduced
the invention to practice before conceived bv Hoch-
liausen.

AIltRKITT vs MIDDI.KTOX c’f (?/.

This was <a suit at law bv Samuel F. Merritt
against John I). Middleton and Reuben S. Middleton
for alleged infringement of U. S. Letters Patent
No. 175,821 for improvements in ev-e-g-lass holders
issued April 11, 1876 to I. Neal Clawson, and as-
signed to complainant. The Circuit Court dismissed
the bill and the complainant appealed to U. S. Cir-
cuit Court of Appeals, Second District. The ]KLt-
entee's device was made of a single piece of wire
and bent to form two parts, a safet}' pin for attach-
ing- to the users clothes, and an upward!}' ju'ojecting
hook for receiving- the e3'e g-lass. The answer of
the defendant was that the device was devoid of pat-
entable novelty in view of the domestic patent to
Merritt No. 58.867 and the English patent to Mont-
hart and Tent, No. 1788 of 1863. These jjatents
were for similar devices and the court held, affirm-
ing the court below, that the defendant’s contention
was a good one and that the patent in suit was void.

The decree of the court below was, therefore, af-
firmed with costs.

H. E. JGDD & CO., vs. FOWUEK ct al.

This case came before the U. S. Circuit Court of
Appeals, Second District on appeal from the Circuit
Court of U. S. for the Southern District of N. Y. ;
and was a suit b}' Henr}- A. Fowler, John H. Ling-
le}' and Samuel Fowler against H. L. Judd & Co., a
corporation, for infringement of patent No. 466,940,
dated Januarv 12. ’92 and g'ranted to the Fowlers.
The defendants contended tliat the invention had no
noveltv': that it was invented b}- one John H. Ben-
nett; and that the}', the defendants, did not infringe.
It was held, however, b}' the court appealed to aud
bv the court below, that this contention was bad and
that the patent w.'is not onl}' valid, but that it was
entitled -to .a construction broad enoug-h to include
everv variation of the invention. The decree of the
Circuit Court was, therefore, affirmed and costs im
posed upon the defendants.

COKXEEb vs. BATAII.r.K.

This was a suit begun in the Circuit Court of the
U. S. for the Southern District of N. Y., and ap-
pealed therefrom to the U. S. Circuit Court of Ap-
peals, Second District. It was broiyg-ht b}' John M.
C(jrnell ag-aiust Achille Bataille. for the infringe-
ment of the first claim of Letters Patents No. 213,-
119 issued March 11, ’79 to Maddox Humjihries, for
improvements in folding g-ates ; aiid the bill was
dismissed bv the court of original jurisdiction. The
Court of A-])]ieals held, following- the first decision,
that the patent was not. in view of the state t>f the
art, entitled to that construction which would place
the defendant's device within its scope, and there-
fore, that there was no infringement, wliich decisicjn
was an affirmation of the decision of the court be-
low. The subject matter of the patent in suit was a
geite for use in hallwav's and similar places: and it
was shown in evidence that the principle, that of a
lateral!}' contracting- or folding gate, was old and
well known, which made it necessary to construe the
patent so n:irrowerly.

EEHCTKIC KAII.WAA- CO., OF TIIK V. S., Z’S. JAMICA AXD
KROOKI.VX RAII.KOAD CO.

This case involved a bill inecjuity for the infringe-
ment of Letters Patent No. 407,188 issued July 16,
1889 t(j vStei)hen D. Field, for an electric railway, and
was orig-inally entertained l)y the U. S. Circuit
Court, Eastern District of N. Y. Tlie suit involved
a patent which was commercially of g-reat value, aud
which was granted to Field cmly after a jjrotracted
interference in the Patent (Iffice. The defendants
contended that the patent was not infringed: that
the invention was anticipated by pri(-)r jiatents,
printed publications and prior inventions, that the
specification of the ])atent was insufficient, that the
invention lacked novelty; and that it was abandoned
by its inventor. After exhaustively considering the
voluminous testimony and a thorougli reviewal of
the law the c<.mrt declared claitn 1 of the patent in
suit to be invalid and dismissed the bill of C(jmplaint.
The decision was of vast importance for reasons
both technical and pecuniary. It involved larg-e
sums of m(.)ney, and the patent was being watched
by persons interested in electric railroads because
of tlie value of its subject matter. Whether the de-
cision will be appealed from cannot be now determ-
ined, but it is probable that every resource will be
exhausted by the complainants in their efforts to
uphold the ])atent and attain a favorable decision.

FUEI.FtR & JOirNS(.)X AIAXUFACTURINI', CO., cL al. vs.

STlvYEXS ci. al.

This is an equity action for the infring'-ement of
three patents Nos. 423,733, 423,734 and 486,26(1, all
owned and controlled by the plaintiff's. The case
came before the U. S. Circuit Court, Northern Dis-
trict of New York, as a court of original jurisdiction
and that court after examining- the patents in view
of the state of the art declared ch'iims 5 to 8 inclu-
sive of No. 486.260, to be valid, and claims 3, 4 and 6
of No. 423,724, and claim 5, of No. 423,723 to be valid.
The remaining claims of the several patents were
not involved ;Lnd were not, therefore, adjudicated.
This l)eing the decision of the court and it being
conceded that the claims were infringed, a decree
for an injunction atid accounting was issued on the
claims in question, but without costs.

IX RE EX PARTE GKAYSOX & CKECEEU'S.

This case was an ex parte application in the Pat-
ent Office and was filed April 26, 1893. It involved
quite an interesting and exceeding-ly valuable sub-
ject, namely, a bicycle frame constructed of an in-
tegral casting of alluminum alloy; and if such a de-
vice could be made the subject of a patent monopoly
vast profits would be netted to the inventor. Pri-
marily the case was favorably acted on and passed
to allowance, when, coming- under the Commission-
er’s observation, it was withdrawn from issue and

the applicants were served with an “order to show
cause.” or were required to appear before the Com-
missioner and show reason why the patent should
be issued. They appeared by their attorney and
the case was exhaustively and ably presented, but
the Commissioner held, that, aside from the ques-
tion of novelty, about which there was some doubt,
the invention was not patentable since it involved
merely the substitution of one material for another,
which would not lend patentability to any device.
The case was therefore rejected, leaving the appli-
cants’ only remedy to be an appeal to the Supreme
Court of the District of Columbia. Whether this
will be taken now cannot be definitely determined.

Warner and Hammond’s Brick Truck.

Brickmakers will be interested in the novel truck
shown in the accompanying illustration. By the
use of this truck the brick may be wheeled directly
from the machine to the drying kiln without other
handling-, thereby preventing checking, chipping
and the usual injuries incident to manipulating them
by hand in the old way. The truck consists of a
triangular frame provided with an inclined table
and a pair of supporting'- arms adapted to receive
the pallet upon which the bricks are deposited as
they come from the machine. The table and sup-
porting arms are placed at right angles to each
other so that when the truck if tipped forward the

arms will assume a horizontal ])osition and can be
moved beneath the pallet. As the arms are lowered
they will lift the pallet from its sup])ort and the
bricks will lean back against the table so that they
can be wheeled without injury to the horizontal
beams ])laced at the right height for the reception
of the table and its load in the drying kiln. It will
be observed that a space is left between the lower
edg-e of the table and the to])s of the arms for the
reception of the edg'-e of the tablet in order to bring
the surface of the table against the ends of the brick,
so that when the handles of the truck are lowered
the brick will not slip back endwise and become
jarred and injured. In addition to the safety with
which the tirick can be transported the operation
of handling the brick is greatly facilitated and
much time and labor saved. This invention is the
result of the ingenuity of Messrs. Dwight M. War-
ner and Charles E. Hammond, brick manufacturers,
residing at Sparta, Mich., where the invention has
been and is now in practical operation.

The Ixvkxtive Age has received from Reichelt
& ()ltsch, “International Patent and Technical Bu-
reau,” South Bend, Ind., a letter stating that they
have foreign ag-ents and carry on business as adver-
tised and in proof thereof send copies of their letter
headings and a couple of letters of endorsement
from parties who have done business with them.

The Adamson Company, Muncie, Ind., also claim
to do all they represent and say they are as anxious
as anyone -to have exposed all “Real Estate & Ex-
change Bureaus.” soliciting'- Foreig-n Patents, “Gold
Medals,” “I’atent Bulletins,” etc. We have asked
these firms to assist us in that line, and as to exper-
iences with Jand opinions of, these and other firms
The IxvicxTn'ic Age has called upon its readers —
the inventors of the country to testify. The method
of selling- patents, not the procuring- of them, is the
question at issue. What has been your experience?

The New York Bridge.

Tbe commission appointed by the president to in-
vestigate and recommend what length of span, not
less than 2.060 feet, would he safe and practicable
for a railroad bridg'-e to be constructed over the
Hudson River, between New York and Jersey City,
finds that a 2,660 foot span cantilever bridge, with
a pier in the center of -the river, would be safe and
practicable, and that its cost, including viaduct,
would be $26,723,000. The cost of the center pier is
estimated at $9,710,000. The depth of rock founda-
tion within the limits of the bridg'-e location is 260
feet nearly 100 feet deeper than any existing foun-
dation. A 3,100 foot clear span cantilever from
shore to shore is found to be possible, but impracti-
cable, on account of Its expense — $51,128,000. The
board reports that investigation satisfies it that a
six-track, 3,100 foot, single-span suspension bridge
would be safe and practicable, and would, if certain
constructions were adopted, cost $35,367,671. Such
a bridge would carry six maximum freight trains
moving side by side at full speed.

THK INVENTIVE AOE

i«3

Patent Agencies.

As stated in previous issues The Inventive Age
has instituted an investigation into the manner of
doing business and the legitimacy of the numerous
so-falled Patent Agents and Patent Brokers who
advertise their respective superior advantages for
the sale of patents and the organization of compan-
ies for the manufacture of patented articles. The
July issue contained a chapter on this subject, de-
tailing at length the questionable methods pursued
by a couple of Patent Brokers — Smith of Chaffee,
and Gregor^" of Marilla, N. Y. — which had aroused
the suspicions of the U. S. Postoftice authorites and
resulted in an action against them for using the U.
S. mails for fraudulent purposes.

In connection with these institutions, under the
caption of “About Patent Sharks” we took occasion
to allude to what seemed to us to be the extravagant
claims made by other concerns organized for the
purpose of obtaining and selling patents.

Upon such eminent authority as that ot Dr. Gat-
ling, president of the American Association of In-
ventors and Manufacturers, and upon an investi-
gation of the efforts put forth to dispose of patents
we are convinced that the appellation of “Patent
Sharks,” upon the information to hand, should have
been confined to those individuals only against
whom the government had instituted proceedings.
So far as investigations have been conducted it is
evident that the efforts to dispose of patents by the
“Association American Inventors, Philadelphia,
Geo. H. Holgate, Manager,” are thorough, leg'iti-
mate and in accord with good business sagacity.
Dr. Gatling writes as follows :

“BeiiijfT very busy in attendins' to my ^run business and not
having’ the time to attend to the sale of a patent granted me for
improvement in bicycles, I did, some months ag’o. place the sale
of said patent in the hands <d' the above mentioned Association.
But before I did so I took occasion to liiul out their standing- for
honesty and fair dealing-, etc. I first looked in Bradstreef.s
Commercial Record and found that the said Association Ameri-
can Inventors were rated as of g-ood commercial standing-. I
then wrote a fiiend rif mine in Philadelphia (and who is an ex-
perienced business man retjuestingr that he make imiuiries as
to the standingr of th e Association, lie did so and wrote me
that they were all rig-ht and considered to be honorable men.
Such being- the case I placed my bicycle patent in their hands
for sale. They claimed, or demanded, from me no money con-
sideration for their services, but ag-reed in the event they sold
the patent they should have ten per cent commission out of the
proceeds of the sale, which I considered reasonable. From the
dealing-s and information I have I do not think they should be
classed as Patent Sharks."

Dr. Gatling is a man in whose judgment Thp; In-
VPINTIVE Age has great faith and as we do not de-
sire intentionally to injure or misrepresent the
Association American Inventors, or any one, in jus-
tice to all concerned the above facts are set forth.

The Worm and Science.

The Senate bill to establish experimental stations
for silk culture, revives again that important ques-
tion— the possibilit3' of growing and reeling silk in
this countrv in comjietition with the foreign pro-
ducer.

In the various branches of human industrv, the
machine has in nearh' everv instance demonstrated
its abilitv to “ knock out ” the antiquated efforts of
hand labor. But there are certain kinds of labor
against which the machine drives the force of its
scientific impetus in vain. And this is no better il-
lustrated than in the fact, that with the most im-
proved machinery' for silk reeling, with wages of
operatives at about $1.25 per da_v, and home-grown
material, this countrv could not compete with the
manufacturers of Europe or China. Thousands of
dollars were spent in arriving at this conclusion,
and the oulj' excuse given was that raw silk should
not be upon the free list.

In Europe the silk reeler works for less than fift^-
cents a daj', pa^-s rent and lives (?) In China wages
are at a minimum : but evervthing edible is utilized
and. the apparatus with which silk is reeled, is of
the most primitive character. A Chinese woman
sits at a small furnace, about two feet square, upon
which is a pan containing- the cocoons which are
boiled until their filaments are loosened b^- the hot
water. She then deftlj- catches the ends of four or
five of the stickj- filaments, twists them together and
passes the thread thus formed through a glass or
metal eye in the reeling- machine. This machine is
of wood, with a small reel turned bj- a pullv geared
to a twelve inch wheel by a cord. ’ Two short, up-
right sticks in an inclined board hold a transverse
rod bent at one end to form the eye for the thread,
which is wound on the reel and becomes the raw
material of commerce while the Chinese stirs the co-
coon with one hand and turns the crank with the
other.

The infinite patience and care of these ^Mongolians
in silk reeling is in hug-e contrast to the hurrj- of
western operatives and the ceaseless whir of per-

fected machinery. And this is better understood
when we learn that it takes the product of 1,600
worms to make a pound of silk, and that the fila-
ments required for this quantitv of reeled thread,
would make a continuous line over 150 miles long.

Keeling silk b_v improved methods is considerabh-
on the lines followed b}- the Chinese and Japanese,
with the advantage of accurac3', speed and utiliza-
tion of much material that was at one time thrown
awa3'. In the improved process, the cocoons are
soaked in larg-e, deejj pans to soften the g-luten
which covers them ; after this thev are beaten with
a brush, which removes the outer laver of filaments
that is used for inferior fabrics. Another soaking
loosens the ends of the filaments and thev areread3'
for the operatives, who take five cocoons at a time,
place them in pans of hot water, which sit near the
winding machine, and gathering the ends of the fil-
aments pass them through an e3’e where the3' are
formed into a sing-le thread and swifth- wound.

When a cocoon is in g-ood condition it will 3'ield
300 3'ards of filament which unwinds easilv, seldom
breaking-, although it is so small that it is almost
invisible, and jerks the floating- cocoon about, as a
fisherman would his drifting cork. While the wind-
ing is g-oing on the operative stands watchfulh- b3-,
and as soon as a cocoon is divested of its silken cov-
ering— which is told b3’ its ceasing- to move — another
is put in its place and the new filament joined to the
others without causing an3- dela3'. When a filament
breaks, the end is quickh- caught .and 1)3’- its natural
adhesiveness joined to moving main line.

Besides loosening the filaments, the hot water
bath to which the cocoon is subjected, kills the pupa
that, without this boiling, would, when fulU' devel-
oped, bite through the shell and destro3' the silk
which enwraps it. Tliat is ])art of the business of
the silk-worm. It is hatched from a little dotted
slate-colored egg, casts its skin four times, lives on
mulberr3' leaves a few weeks, and then from its head
draws the filament, winding it about its bod3' until
the worm is seen no more. The weaver is silent in
the glistening cocoon which swings to the winds in
the swaying branch to which it is attached, until
m3'steri<jus nature completes the metanior])hosis in
bringing- forth the moth to sport a field, or man un-
winds the silken chamber for costly tribute to 1113-
ladv's vanit3'.

Nature's laws move on inpatient fulfillment of the
destin3' of her decrees, g-iving to man that which his
necessit3' calls for, revealing- wonders in her divine
processes that speak of the Master inspiration which
directs her forces. But of .all those subtile move-
ments that the divine spark has given power, the
mind of man stands pre-eminent in its psychic grand-
eur. Necessit3' called for invention, and the wheel
thus started rolled on and on until the world is be-
wildered, astonished, delighted with the revel.ations
of g-enius. If a natural product becomes too expen-
sive, g-enius meets it with a substitute, if an obstacle
is to be overcome, invention ste])s in and applies the
power. Even the worm, whicli from remote ages
put forth from his spinarets the wherewithal! to
clothe the human splendidD-, has his rival in De
Chardonnet who has a record in the Patent Office of
his experiments in producing artificial silk from vis-
cous liquids. Although the worm is still doing busi-
ness successfulU', a look into the inventor's method
may be of interest. He says:

“ The liquid that I emplo3- is a non structural
p3-rox3’line compound, being a kind of collodion, ob-
tained b3' disolving in a mixture of alcohol and ether
a quantit3- of p3-rox3'line, a metallic proto-chloride
reducing- ag-ent and a small quantitv of an oxidiz-
able organic base. The ]3vrox3-line is obtained b3'
subjecting purified cellulose, obtained from the
chemical treatment of wood, straw, cotton, rags or
unsized paper or other similar materials to the action
of nitric acid, etc.” AVhen the liquid from which the
artificial filament is produced, is made, it is spun b3"
making it flow out through a minute orifice, so that
the liquid filament as it comes forth enters into cold
water and solidifies on its exterior, leaving the in-
side in a plastic condition. The filament is then
drawn from the water and allowed to complete its
solidification in the air, or facilitated in drying- b3- a
hot air chamber in which it is reeled.

Since taking out his first patents, De Chardonnet
has been endeavoring to improve his invention.
Thanks to an enlightened civilization, the trials of
(M. Jacquard and other famous inventors who suf-
fered through the malignant ignorance and super-
stition of their fellowmen, can no longer hamper the
efforts of genius in pushings the great wheel of pro-
gress. If a man has an idea, the world looks and
waits for him to work it out. If he fails, “it was not
a g-ood idea.” If he succeeds, “long live the king.”

When it is proven that silk can be reeled in this
countr3' profitabh'. a great field of industr3- will be
0])en. We have ever3- natural requisite for domestic
sericulture, and the work is so simple that the spare
time of farmers, wives .and children can be utilized
at a profit in growing- cocoons and preparing- them
for market. The time will undoubtedly come when
all the branches of the silk industr3’ will be carried
on in the United States, giving'- emplo3-ment to many
thousands and bringing in much government rev-
enue.

NEWS CONDENSED.

Aufi. 1 — War on China wa^v formally declared by Japan.

Ai'fi. 2 — The trial of Caserio, the murderer of Pre^.ldeiit Car-
not, bey-ijis at Lyons. France Tliree hundred men resume

work in Pullman.

Aco. 3 — Caserif) was found ;/uiUy and sentenced to the truilb.*-
tine.

Art,. -t--Tlie Viirilant wins the match at Cowe's r>ver the Jiri

tanniaby four minutes and twenty-nine sectmd". Cincin-

nati railroad strikers petition for their old job'' without suc-
cess.

At’G. 5— Patti Rosa, the actress, dies in New York The

National })awn shop in I'aris burned : low 2, 'hhj franco.

At’ii. 0 — The Ylirilant atrain defeat'^ the Britannia ami tlie

Satanita Chicago switchmen declare the strike off

Ex-doveriior Austin Blair. Michitran's war L'’overnor. dies at
Jackson, ae’ed To.

Arc;. 7 — The troojis at Chicajro and Pullman are ord»*red
home, thus endiiiLf the strike service of the Illinoi" Stalt;
militia.

At'c,. 8 — The Cralvin and Thomas divisions of Comnionwi-aler"

are sent back to their homes by Washinj/ton authf>ritii*''

(Treat Britain 2ind Russia are unable tf> effect a settlement *>1
the Japan and C hi na trouble.

Aug. 9 — President Cleveland finally sends a letter to Pre-«i-

deni Dole, rec(^ynizinji the new Republic of Hawaii Twetity-

ei^'’ht houses are wrecked at Scranton, Pa., by a cave-iii mine.

At'Cx. 10 — Thirteen persons were killed in a railroad wreck on

the Rock I.sland, near Lincoln, Neb B(»tli Jaiian and

China are hurrying,'' trofips in lar^e numbers into Corea.

Ai'g. 11 — An action i>x brou^rhl by the Attorney (ieneral of

Illinois to decree void the charter of the Ihillman Comi>any

Bt' order of Governor O'Ferrall, the 274 Common wealers camped
at Rosylyn. Va., were driven out of the State into tin* District
of Columbia, from whence tlie.v were ticketed back to their
former homes.

At'g. 12 — The relay bicycle riders reached Denver, havins"
made the distance from 3Vashiii<rton. 2.037 miles, in six days.

10 hours and 17 minutes Cholera is reported on tlu* increase

at St. Petersbur}r.

Aug. 13 — About l.SOO striking" Pullman employees have ap-
plied for their old positions The House, after the duci-'ion

of the Democratic House caucus, passed the Senate tariff bill
without chancre, also i^assed "pop-irun “ bills placing'’ sug'ar.
iron, coal and barb wire on the free list.

Ai'g. 1-1 — The President ap^iroved the bill to subject to State
taxation National bank notes and United States Treasurt'

notes Representative Clifton R. Breckinrid;re.of Arkan.sas,

qualified as United States Minister to Russia.

At’g. 15— The tariff bill is presented to the President An

anarchist plot to assassinate Premier Crispi is discovered at
Rome.

Aug. 1G— The centennial anniver'-ar.v of the birth of William

Cullen Bryant was celebrated at Cumming-ton. Mass Ca-

serio, the assassin of Ih'esident Carnot is gruillotined, at Lyon^.
France.

Aug. 17 — China secures a war loan of S5.00(),000 in Germany

Alix trotted the fastest three miles on record at the Terre

Haute racing- track Charles Robinson, the first Governor

of Kansas, died at Lawrence, ag-ed 7o years.

Aug. 18 — The Senate passes a resolution ag-ainst any further
leg’islation in contested matters, which eiKU the tariff fig-lit
this session — The ri ver and harbor bill becomes a law without

the President's sig-nalure The Hawly silk mills at Port

Jervis, N. Y.. burned : loss $500,000.

Aug. 10 — The Japanese g-overnnient decides on the issuance of
a domestic loan of S50.000,000.

Aug. 20 — ^At Bedford. Mass.. 11.000 textile mil] workers struck

ag-ainst the reduction of wag-es An iiivesiig-ation by the

Memphis g-rand jury shows that the State .and county have
been defrauded out of nearlt' 82.000,000 in revenue during- the
past eig’lit ,vears.

Aug. 21 — There was a 8400. ()tX) fire at Memphis A big-

Four freig-ht dejxit and about 20 sleeping- and chair cars at Cin-
cinnati burned; loss 8285.000 Dis]>atches from Shang-hai

say that the Chinese drove the Jaiianese forces from Ping- Yang-
after a long battle, with heav^' losses, and later also drove
them from Chuiig-Ho.

Aug. 22— Representative Paschal. Texas, who voted for free
wool, was defeated for renomination in his district by a candi-
date who is not an advocate of free wool.

Aug. 23 — It is charged at Oakland. Cal., that the Southern
Pacific Railroad has blacklisted the men who recently struck

Twenty-five tlnnisand mill operatives at F^all River. Mass..

have been locked out.

Ae'G. 24 — The g-eneral deficiency bill was sig-ned by the Presi-
dent A fire in a mine near Seattle, Wash., imprisoned all

the men at work : 37 bodies have been recovered Two men

were killed and 11 badly hunt in a mine explosion at Ashland,

Pa Four men were killed by the burning of a shaft house

of a mine at Creede. Col.

Aug. 25— In the battle of Ping- Yang-, the Japanese are re-
ported to have lost 1.300 Ex-Speaker Reed opened tlu* cam-

paign in Maine by a speech at (Old Orchard, on the tariff bill

The Populists of the Fii st Florida Congressional Dist rict,

in convention at Dade City, denounced President Cleveland

** for quelling the Chicago riots The Junior Order U nited

American 2ileclianics will carry into politics their oppo'.ition
to nuns teaching in public schools.

Aug. 2d — IMrs, Henry Ward Beecher celebrated her S3rd birth-
day Ex-Vice-President Morltm returned from Eurojie

John Newell, president of the Lalce Shore Railroad, died from
l)araly>>Is at Youngstown. Ohio.

Au(i. 27 — The Tariff bill became a law at midnight without

the signature f)f the President Secretarv Carlisle decided

that goods now in bond will bo entitled to the jirovi'.ions of the

free list of the new Tariff' act Mi'.s Mary Desh.a. a •'.isler

of Colonel W. C. P. Breckinridge's laie wife, issued a vigorous
appeal urging the defeat of Colonel Breclvinridge The En-

campment of the Knights of Pythias began al Washington.

Aug. 28 — Both houses of Congress ad jou rued The Supreme

Lodge. Knights of Pythias, convened in Wa-'liington The

Czar is said to be suffering trom kidney troubles.

Aug. 2‘1 — President Cleveland left Washington for (iray

Gables to be g-one a month or more Coiig-ressmaii AVilson.

of West Virginia, was renominated The Secretary of the

Treasury decided that under the new Tariff law ]>aymenis of
sug-ar bounties on claims already filed cannot be legally made

The veteran railroad cifficial. John C. Gaull, died at Chi-

cag-() Its reported the Japanese have met with several dis-

astrous defeats in Korea lately.

Aug. 30 — Several hundred Commonwealers on their way West
are stalled in Omaha unable to secure transportation : the

count}- has refused further food A convention to promote

Southern development was held at Washing-ton. D.C Anti-

vaccination mobs overpowered the health authorities in the
smallpox stricken section of Milwaukee.

Aug. 31 — Ex-Vice-President Morton addressed a letter to the
Reiniblicans of New York State, announcing- his readiness to

run f(^r Governor or not, as theyilesired The(Trand Juryat

New Orleans adjourned after indicting 11 Couiicilmen and the

City Engineer for "boodling” Robert J.. C. J. Hamlin's

pacer, went a mile at Fort Wayne. Ind.. in 2.03\j.. the greatest

record in the history of harness racing Over l.ilOh lives were

lost by a lire on the llower boats in the Canton river.

i84

THE

AQE.

Nature and Policy of Letters Patent for Inv entions.

Althoug'h an inventor has no property in his in-
vention independentlj' of positive laws, it was early
admitted that he has peculiarly a just title to the ad-
vantag-es of his invention, and the public, in order
to induce him to exert his g-enius, employ his time
and expend his money in the production of some-
thing new and useful to the community', recognized
that some legal provision to secure to him the fruits
of his toil and genius was necessarv'. It is contrarv
to everv day human nature to sow where i* can not
ho])e to reap. But the question, “What kind of in-
ducement is the most proper to be offered to the in-
ventor?" has given rise to much discussion. Pre-
miums, state rewards and purchase of the invention
outright b_v the state, each has had its advocates.
That letters patent conferring a limited monopoly
is the most equitalile and conformable to the inter-
est of the people at large and to the inventor indi-
vidually. appears to have been the prevailing opin-
ion of all writers who have dealt exhaustively and
impartially with -the subject. The inventor is not
singled out from among all the people and rewarded
simply because he is an inventor. He is reimbursed
for the practical activity of his labor and genius be-
cause as an inventor he promotes the progress of
the sciences and useful arts and therebv accelerates
and develo])es the comforts, conveniences and lu.x-
uries of the public. It is the benefit to itself that the
public first considers, and if the day ever comes
when the public receives from the inventor less than
it pays him. the patent system, doubtless, will be
abolished. It seems but just, however, aside from
the actual gain to the ])ublic. that he who gives it a
new method of increasing the material happi-
ness, should in recompense therefor, himself gather
the first fruits of his labor and ingenuity. Hence is
found one of the favors in which letters patent, as
the means for conferring this recompense upon the
inventor, have been held both by him and the peo-
ple. for letters patent g-ive a strictly equitable and
ordinarily early remunerati<_m to the patentee with-
out any risk of loss to the public at large, such as
premiums or rewards or state purchases involve.
And in piajportion as the invention is valuable to
the people so will the amount of the patentee's own
profits accrue. John Stuart Mill, in his ” Principles
of Political Hconomy." says: “The condemnation
of monopolies ought not to extend to letters jiatent
for inventions, by which the originator of an im-
jjroved process is allowed to enjoy for a limited per-
iod the exclusive privilege of using his own im-
provement. This is not making the commodity dear
for his benefit, but merely post])oning a part of the
increased cheapness, which tlie ]>ublic owe to the
inventor, in order to compensate and reward him-for
the service," and. further, that the grant of a patent
is the (jnly method of securing- a reward to inventors
according to the merit of their inventions, "be-
cause," as Mr. Mill says. " it leaves nothing to anv
one's discretion and the g-reater the usefulness the
g-reater the reward, and because it is paid by the
verj' i)ersons to whom the service is rendered."
The clearest insight into the character of patent
privileges, says a jjrcfound writer on the subject,
is obtained from considering'- them as the result of a
contract entered int(.) by the state, as representative
of the public, with the patentee. A contract is based
upon a consideration, not a custom, prescription <jr
mere sentiment. The idea that a patent is issued as
a gratuity, as one would g-ive alms to worthy but
unfortunate persons or to keep up a church, is
wholly incorrect. Patents are g-ranted as pay for
services rendered tl-ie public, and, doubtless, if it
were ])ossible for the g-overnment, the agent of the
public, correctly to estimate the money value <jf the
invention, the peojde would just as lief pay the in-
ventor in spot cash as to pa^' him b3- a patent. The
parties meet on the understanding that the one has
a useful invention to communicate, the other to pa^-
for it in return for the communication to it t>f such
invention. The conditions required of the patentee
are that he realh' has an invention and honestlj-
communicates it.

As earh' as the j'ear 1800 the English judges laid
down the correct principle that patents are to be
judged as bargains between the inventors and the
public, to be judged of on principles of g-ood faith, and
to be construed as other barg-ains. It is in this light,
then, that a patent sj-stem is to be successfullj- up-
held. To estimate fullj- the real nature of patent
privileges, writes another authority on patent law,
we should view them in connection with the class of

interests to which the\’ belong, viz., those created
for the self-remuneration of public benefactors.
The kindred privileges are those of the capitalist
and the author, incorporated companies, on the
score of large capital or extreme risk on the one
hand, and copj-right, including the protection of
designs, for pureH' intellectual skill, upon the other.
Each, from its mode of cre^ltion and the subject it
comprises, possesses distinctive features of its own,
3'et thus far the^' have a similaritj- in principles of
natural justice and public polic3', and as being the
means of rewarding with the first fruits of their
own efforts those whose industrv, enterprise and
skill the commerce, manufactures and arts of a
countr3' originate and improve. In each case the
field of adventure must be new : public rights, there-
fore, can be hardH' said to exist, while the prospect-
ive advantages to the public from the discover3' are
such as reconcile them to the temporary abstinence
imposed. An3' misunderstanding with reference to
the rights of patents is mainU’ referable to the in-
sufficient attention paid to the relation which the
patentee bears to the communit3' at large. The
general principles on which the relation stands ma3'
be accepted however, as sound, since the3- have
been adopted 113- almost every state of modern times
of an3- considerable advancement in the industrial
arts. The law under this head must be regarded as
a compromise, so far as natural right is concerned ;
the application of a law of nature or a jiropert3' of
nature, a philosophical or an abstract principle, is
cajiable of exclusive appropriation onH- so long as
the secret of such application is retained within the
inventor's breast, (dnce jiassed. any observer of it
ma3' make the same ajiplication of it. in other words,
it becomes the propert3- of all mankind, and noth-
ing but principles of justice and public polic3' can
be permitted to restrain the instructive desire of all
men to adopt manifest improvements. Whatever,
therefore, the abstract rig-ht of the inventor in and
to his invention is in order that such proi)ert3' ma3'
be of value to him commensurate with his part in
having orig-inated it, societ3' must interfere b3' im-
p(.)sing jienalties and affixing- prohibitions on its in-
fringement. But of the objects propc'sedto itself in
fixing these prohibitions, that of procuring the sat-
isfaction of public wants must and do take prece-
dence of society's desire to reward ingenuity and
.skill.

This fact is strongly broug-ht out and emphasized
bv that feature in the patent laws of all countries,
which requires that the invention must be useful,
that is to sa3', it must be beneficial to societ3'. Eor
example an invented!' ma3' displa3' marvelous inven-
tive ability in contriving a gambling- device, de-
signed and intended solely to be used as such, and
3-et societ3' would refuse to g-ranthim a patent there-
for notwithstanding he was none the less an inven-
tor. Such invention would not j^romote the ju'e^-
g-ress of science and useful arts. The invention
must also be useful in the sense that it is capable of
producing- the result it is desig-ned to produce. For
a long time inventors were seeking to C(mtrive a
threshing- machine. FinalH- one part3- evolved the
C3-linder. with teeth in its emter peripher3', rotating
in a concave that had no teeth, the combination was
useless to thresh wheat, but the ver3- foundation
idea which led to the practical evolution of a thresh-
ing machine was there and s(.)me less ingenious man,
perhaps, bv adding teeth in the concave produced
the thresher. The first man was an inventor of the
highest order but he could obtain no patent
because he had stopped short of giving to society
a practical device. So it is with men of
science who mereU- discover natural laws and
physical truths. They mav be a Newton, or a
Farad V or a Henry and 3-et. because they do not
apply their discoveries practically societ3' gf-ives
them no patents. A pigm3- in intellectual abstrac-
tioji having a Newton to exj)lain him the laws of
g-ravitation might be ingenious enoug-h to apjilv
them in a useful wa3- to fulfill the needs of society
aiid society would contract with himbv a patent for
the ])urchase of this practical way : 3’et as between
the two men Newton had the g-reater mind, but the
pigm3' in abstract thought g-ave societ3- the ma-
terial, concrete results of Newton's knowledge and
the3- are what societ3- can bargain for and give a
patent in pa3'ment for.

The duration of the e.xclusive right of the inven-
tor to his property has been reduced to a term of
3-ears, as the course most beneficent to public in-
terests.

The value of property of this kind in a countrv
where capital is abundant and fiows freeh' into ne\v
channels, can hardU' be ■ overrated. In some cases
an industr3' could not be established but b3- its
means ; others are but partialh- affected b3' it :
while in those cases in which there is a limited
market for consumption or a limited area of suppl3',
it hardh' enters as an element at all. It ma3- be
remarked, that the circumstances determining the
legalit3'of such g-rants have never been expressed in
a form more accurately applicable to the subject at
the present da3' than in the words of Eord Coke in
the case of Darcy vs. Allen : — “ Now, therefore, I
will show 3-0U how the judges have heretofore al-

lowed of monopoly patents, which is, that where
an3' man b3- his own charge and industry, or by his
own wit and invention, doth bring any new trade
into the realm, or an3- engine tending to the further-
ance of a trade that never was used before ; and
that for the good of the realm, that in such cases
the King raa3' grant to him a monopoH- patent for
some reasonable time until the subjects ma3' learn
the same, in consideration of the good that he doth
bring- b3' his invention to the Commonwealth, other-
wise not." To doubt the justice and wisdom of se-
curing- the inventors the first fruits of their produc-
tions would seem to involve a doubt of the desira-
bilit3' and advantages of improvements in the
sciences and arts. Without invention there can be
no progress in material things, and if the com-
munit3- is to be allowed to avail itself of the inge-
nuit3- of the inventor withoiit having to share the
labor and expense he incurred in bringing his ideas
into a practical shape, such expense and labor
would be undergone bv nobody except he were a
philanthropist, and also wealth3- enough to afford
to devote his g-enius to the advancement of his fel-
low man. Even as it is, with the pa3' afforded by a
grant of letters patent, the meritorious inventor
rareH' reaps a pecuniar3- harvest at all commensu-
rate with the splendid seed of his g-enius and its
patient cultivation. Can any one correctly calcu-
Itite the value to Eng-land of the inventions of Har-
g-reaves, Arkwright and Watt and a host of others ?
A3'e, more than this, how much indeed does not the
whole world owe them ? Can 3-ou b3' searching find
out a single name in the histor3- of civilization that
can at all compare with that of James Watt ? With-
out anv disparagement of the transcendent fame of
statesmen, law-givers and militar3- heroes. One
must recognize the evanescent glow of the good
the3- did for their da3' and generation and posterity
too as compared with the permanent value of the
work of the great inventor. No one can read history,
nor. in fact, observe the daiU- advancement of man-
kind without being impressed with a profound sense
of the invaluable services of the inventor and that
he should be jiaid for the material results of his toil
and genius, and all things considered, can anyone
successfulU' suggest a bettter mode of pa3'ing him
than bv prohibiting others for a definite number of
3-ears from imitating- his invention without his con-
sent ? Levin H. C.vmpbeee.

A Spanish Bull Fight.

Dr. H. R. Porter, in Bismarck (N. Dak.). Tribune,
writes from Madrid, g-iving- the following account
of the great Spanish national sport :

I witnessed a bull fight at the Plaza de Toros,
which is a vast amphitheatre, calculated to hold 20,-
000 people. Every seat was taken. The first bull
that was let into the ring came with head and tail
high in the air — a noble brute certainU-. He looked
at the vast audience as he came proudH- in, and
then at the gaily clad bull-fitrhters (Banderilleros),
and, quicker than a Hash, he plunged for one and
then another, and another. oni3', of course, to miss
them and to hit the red cloth held before him. The
bull looked surprised and became furious, pawed
the ground and lashed his tail, and started for a man
on horseback. The man did not falter, but rode
toward the bull and charg-ed him with a spear. The
bull was equal to the occasion, and rushed on horse
and rider with the speed of lightning and the force
of a battering ram. Down went horse and man.
The bull turned immediatel3- in pursuit of more
g-ame, which he found in another horse and rider and
another and another, until in thirt3--five minutes he
had actually killed seven horses. The first poor
animal was completeU- torn open so that portions of
his intestines came out and dragged on the ground.
Still the rider urged him on and rode him around
the ring- until he fell down dead.

And this the3- call sport. It is one of the most
cruel, barbarous and clisg-usting sights I have ever
witnessed, and I never want to see another one. In
the meantime the bull was charging- around from
one man to another with his tongue out, his sides
panting, blood-shot eyes, and his sides covered with
blood, and dripping to the ground, from sharp arrow
shaped instruments which were thrust into his flesh,
and barbed so as to tear and cut his flesh and thus
madden him more. This sort of thing lasted
until the suffering bull could not stand it much
longer from loss of strength and blood. A trumpet
was sounded, which was the signal for the finishing
stroke, and one of the fighters (Matador), rushed up
on the bull and tlirust a long sword into his shoulder
up to the hilt. The blood rushed from his nose and
mouth. He stood still a few seconds, quivered and
fell down dead upon the bod3- of one of the seven
dead horses, and the3- were dragged out, during the
uproar of 20,000 voices, b3- gail3' decked mules, and
the thing was over in less time than I've been tell-
ing- 3-0U. This, however, was onH- one-sixth of the
fight, as they- had five more bulls left to go through
the same performance. One was enough for me,
and I left sorrowful and disgusted.

THH INVENTIVB AOB

1^5

Advertisements inserted in this column for 20
cents a line (about 7 words) each inserlioiu
Every new subscriber sendint^ to The In-
ventive Age will be entitled to the Age one
year and to live lines one time free. Ad-
ditional lines or insertions at rej^ular rates.

POR SALE.— Patent No. 524,270, Rockin^r

■ Chair. Enables occupant, throug-h easy
push on the rocking- foot or arm rest, to swing-
and rock combined. Adjustable parts. State
and county rig-hts for sale. Address J ohn Kolt-
mann, Leaunette, Pa.

pOR SALE.— Cheap if patent is sold at once,
^ patent No. 524,206. The g-reatest thing- on
the market; oil or li«juid measure and filler;
does away with measures and funnels. A for-
tune in it; unlimited sales. W. Keepers, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 500, (.73; Step or Ex-

■ tension Ladder; sells on sig-ht; chang-e
made in a moment; strong-, lig-ht and durable.
No ropes to wear out, nor spring’s to loosen.
Town, county or state rights for sale. Exclu-
sive territorj*^ given. Address the inventor,
W. J. Osborne, Sonora, Steubeii' Co., New York.

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 522,202; Hand Truck;
^ a pivoted toe-section connected thereto and
means for operating it. The best hand truck
ever invented. Will send copy of patent^ and
specifications to any one desiring to investigate
a good thing with a view to investment. Will
sell patent on g-ood terms. Address, Joseph
Frenette, Chippewa Falls, Wis.

pOR SALE.— My patent,
^ for check-row olanter.
tine, Aplington, Iowa.

No. 523,388, anchor
Address, J. Valen-

POR SALE.— Mv patent. No. 522,605, dated
July 10, 18‘M;'Buggy or Bottle Washer, to
connect with water hose. Will revolve a brush
in applying water. Kindly give me an offer.
Address C. A. Palmquist, 1725 1st avenue, W.,
Spokane, Wash.

pORSALEor royalty, patented May 2*), 1804,
^ No. 520,612 Unique Thill Strnp Hook or

Holdback Fastener.
Pa

Write Wm. Rice, Rome,
0-11

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 503,781, dated Aug-ust
^ 22, 1803; Novel Coal Elevator for Transfer-
ring Coal from Boats. Great saving in power.
For further particulars address patentee, W.
F. Austin, 328 Second street, Albany, N. Y.

pop SALE. — Allen Braced Wire Fence, New
^ patent using bridge principles. Strong
and simple, state and county rights. Circulars
on application. J. E. Allen, 53 Ross St. Wil-
liamsport, Pa. 8-0

pop SALE. — Patent No. 524,358; Improved

* Doubletree. Will sell or place on royalty.

Geo. H. Talbot, Lansing, Mich.

pOR SALE. — A broad patent for an improved

* lumber drying S3’Stem of g-reat simplicity.

Dries lumber without checking- at a greatly re-
duced cost of heat, time and labor. Absolute
safety from fire. Highest testimonials as to
efficiency by those who have g-iven it a trial.
Address the owner and patentee, Lafayette
Moore, Cordela, Ga.

pop SALE. — Patent post-hole digger. AVill
^ dig any size post-hole wanted with less la-
bor than any other. Will place on royalty.
H. Paulson, Sumner, Washington.

pop SALE.— Patent No. 520,4()0, issued May
^ 29, 18*14, Kitchen Cabinet; will sell entire

right U, S., by States or divisions, cheap for
cash or satisfactory terms. Best household
article known; a novely; can be made cheap.
Address, Minnie S. Thomas, Waterville,Wash.

pOR SALE. — One of the most practical inven-
^ tions out — Dust and Fire-Pr<jof Ash Sifter.
Being dust proof it is especialU' adapted lor
kitchen use in sifting ashes. A g-reat fuel and
time saver. Can be cheaply made. Something
every housekeeper will want. Slate and connt\'
rights for sale. Address R. Davis, 636 H street,
S. W., Washington, D. C.

pOR SALE.— Outright or State rights, pat-
^ ent granted September 2t), 1893. No.5<)5,0l0,
Improved Fruit Drier; thoroughly tested, good
testimonials. Address, A. Jones, Pratt and
President Sts., Baltimore, Md. 8-10

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 522,342, Hospital Bed.
^ dated July 3, 1894. An invention that has
merit; one that is practical. Address A. He-
lander. Sisters Hospital, Los Angeles, Cal.,
Box 438.

“Tips to Inventors.”

This is one of the most instructive and useful
works for mechanics and inventors. Its author
is Robert Grimshaw, M. E., and the book, cloth
bound, retails for $1. The Inventive Age for
one year and “ Tips to Inventors ” will be sent
to any address for $1.50

BUSINESS SPECIALS.

AFTERMATH.

Advertisements under this heading 20 cents a
line each insertion — seven words to the line.
Parties desiring to purchase valuable patents
or wanting to manufacture patented articles
will find this a valuable advertising medium.

\^ANTED. A partner with ,

a new patent Excelsior Machine.
There's merit in it. Address James Worth,
Union Citv, Ind.

\\/ANTED. -An agency for Philadelphia or
New Yt)rk, of one or more articles of
merit. Can furnish some capital and have
plent.v of energ-y to push the sale of anything
having merit. Address, g-iving-full particulars,
** S. A. P." care of Inventive Ag-e, Washing-ton,
D. C.

The American Tin Plate Co., Elwood, Iml.,
have nine mills in operation and employ 6i)0
hands.

Tm:oi)ORE T. Dorman, of Upper Montclair,
N. J., lias been ajqjointed a fourth assistant ex-
aminer in the Patent Office, at a salary of 51, 2o<*.

On the. 27th ult. the sheriff Icvii^l executions
ag-g-regating- $115,000 on the works of the Dia-
mond Drill Company, at Birdsboro, ICi.

It is said that the Wag-ner car sh(H)S at East
Buffalo will close down owing to business de-
pression and the absence of demand fi»r cars.
Over 1,000 men will be thrown out of work.

VVANTED.—

patenlin

— A partner to furnish means for

patenting an immensely profitable in-

vention, a SU)t Machine for Retailing Cigars.
Machine receives all coins from a penny to a
dollar, g-ives correct chang-e, and produces ci-
g'-ars from box. For further ])articulars address
David R. Huston, Hubbard, Minn.

It is officialh’ announced that hereafter an
uncertified copy of every decision or action bA’
any tribunal in the I*atent Office will be furn-
ished by such tribunal teethe interested partly
or parties without charg-e.

W/ANTED.-T

Paper Fil

-To sell or place on royalty,
’aper File ; holds any number from 5<M.)
to 10,000. Any paper can be removetl and re-
t>laced without interfering- with any other.
Best ever invented. Address A. Armstrong-,
Box 141, Noblesville, Ind.

The Electrical World reviews the business
situation and concludes that “ we are once more
on the hig-h road to prosperit.v and that each
succeeding- month will add to the impetus, even
now so strongl.v apparent.”

\V^ARNING.~Do

▼ ▼ French Hand

not matiufacture or use that
id Cultivator advertised in the
Philadelphia Record Ma_v 24. It is an infring-e-
mont on my patent, 444. 36(), ad vertised in Inven-
tive Age, March 22, 1892, and in American In-
ventive Prog-ress, Indianapolis, 1893. F. T.
Neilscli, Houston, Texas.

ANTED. — A partner who will loan me $100
for one 3’ear and take one-third*inlerest
in valuable and inexpensive invention. For
further information address E. W. Barton,
Windsor, N. Y. O-IO

\^ANTED. — To correspond with inventors
with a view of selling- State rights. In-
vention must be practicle and useful. Address
J. S. Busselle, care of Inventive Age.

Electric Flashes.

The Portland, (Ore.) Cable Railway* Compan.v
will adopt electric motive power.

Fifteen years ago there was not a tele]dione
exchang-e in the United States. Today there
are l,4tM) employing 10,000 persons and furnish-
ing service to nearly 250,000 subscribers.

A lilipulian electric lig-lit has been invented
for the benefit of newspaper reporters. It is
fastened tt) the end of a pencil, so that the re-
porter may carry his own light with him and
be able to make his notes even in the darkness.

The estimated saving to the Metropolitan
Elevator railway, of Chicag-o, by the substitu-
tion of electricity in place of steam locomotives
is $300,(XK1 per year ; $2M1,0<)0 of this is the sav-
ing in fuel due to using bituminous coal in
stationary boilers in place of the anthracite
necessary with the locomotives. The remain-
ing $100, represents the saving- in the wages
of the locomotive eng-ineers and other smaller
economies.

Of the possibilities of electricity the jirospec-
tus of proposed “National School of Electricity”
to be established at Chicago under the auspices
of Edison and a number of other eminent elec-
tricians, says : “More than $8l)0,000,(X)0 is em-
ployed in electrical pursuits toda.v, and these
figures are being increased at the rate of $HX),
000,000 annually. Within a decade nine-tenths
of the steaniboating, railroading, canal haul-
ing, illumination, domestic lig-liting, heating,
cooking, factory operation, mining- and machin-
ery will be done by electricity. There are also
many applications of electricity 3'et in an un-
developed state. Electricity’ is the most prom-
ising field in civilization today.”

The Manufacturers' Record announces the
close of a big- deal which promises to have an
important bearing upon electric operations in
this country. The Wuiistrum Company of
Baltimore, which has a capital stock of $1.()<X'),-
CM)0, has sold out to the Ft. Wayne Company, of
Ft. Wayne, Ind. This deal putstheFt. Wayne
Company in control of patents which, it is said,
are being- infringed by other electric manufac-
turers and the Ft. Wayne Company will, it is
said, immediately beg-in and active fig-ht upon
all who are reported as infringing upon its
patents.

Personal.

Edward P. Thompson, the well known New
York patent attorney, announces that he has
associated with himself Ih'ofessor Wm. A. An-
thony, who was for fifteen years prior t() 1888,
Professor of Physics at Cornell University, and
for a long- time in charg-e of the department o-f
electrical engineering. He is past president
and member of the American Institute of Pllec-
trical Eng-ineers, and author of many scientific
articles and text books.

Hon. George B. Shaw, who died at his home
in Eau Claire on the 27th, was well known to a
great many’ electrical men, having had charge
of the AnsoniaCompany's World's Fair Bureau
last y’ear. He was a successfully' politician,
and left a wide circle of friends. He was Su-
preme Chancellor of the Order of the Knights
of Pythias from 1890 to 1892.

Disbarred.

The following attorney’s have recently’ been
disbarred from further practice before the Pat-
ent Office:

L. W. Scheuermann, Hudson, Wis, ; Vincent
Anderson, Quincy’, 111.; Samuel M. Cecil, Trav-
eller's Rest, Ky. ; J . S. Armstrong, Xenia, Ohio;
A. F. Posey, Vicksburg-, Miss.; Thos. Caldwell,
Chetopa, Kansas; B. F. Brown, Pittsburg-, Pa.;
Wm. H. Kerr, Salineville, Ohio.

The forty'-third meeti ng^ of' the A merican As-
sociation for the Advancement of Science beg-an
in the Polytechnic Institute and the Academy'
of Music, Brooklyn. N. Y.. on Aug-ust 15. and
continued until Augu.-'.t 23. The attendance was
fair and the papers interesting-.

: Only four out of the 42 Fall River textile
mills are in operation. The owners and opera-
tives remain widely apait on the wag-es (lues-
tion. The situation at New Bedford is said to
be impr«)ving but still less than one-third the
total capacity’ is in operation.

c The Pennsylvania Steel Company at Harris-
burg-, Pa., will shortly’ eng-age 1,000 workmen,
in addition to the 3,500 men now employed. The
increase in force has been made necessary by’
the receipt of a number of orders which will
keep the ^yorks busy for six months or longer.

vSoMETiiiNG new in Mexico is a jute mill cost-
ing $500, (-K)O, which is being erected at Orizaba,
by* an English company, with the most im-
proved machinery’ and electric power. The
electricity is conveyed a mile and a half to the
mill from a waterfall 115 feet high, g-iving-, it is
reported, 11,000 horse-power.

A mortgage on one of the largest machinery'
plants in the United States was recorded at
Milwaukee, recently'. It was executed by the
Edward P. Allis Co., to the Northwestern Mu-
tual Life Insurance Co., of Milwaukee. The
amount is $340,000. It covers all the lots and
buildings of the corporation, and is due in five
y’ears from July 30, 1894.

The latest railway* company to decide upon
the e<iuipnient of its line with cable power is the
Columbia Railway’ Company, of Washington,
D. C. This company owns six miles of track
which extends from the Treasury, 15th Street
and New York Avenue, along^ New York
Avenue, Massachusetts Avenue and H Street
to the boundary N. E. The officers are ; Pres-
ident, R. T. Baker; vice-i>resident, E. G. Davis:
secretary and treasurer, Janies B. Adams: su-
perintendent, Wni. C. Bateler.

This is a great country’, with boundless re-
sources and wonderful opportunities, and now
that the tariff question is settled and Cong-ress
is alxmt ready’ to ad journ it is not reasonable to
suppose that these hard times can continue
much long-er without amelioration. Prices can
not advance to the old figures of a few years
ago; labor cannot receive its old wages; but the
demand for all products must now increase;
there is plenty’ of money' to pay for them; and
with this increased demand must come better
times for capital and labor. — Bulletin of the
Anicriean Iron and Steel Association.

Summer Vacation Tours.

The Baltimore and Ghio R. R. Co., now has
on sale at all its offices east of the Ohio River a
full line of tourist excursion tickets to all the
lake, mountain and sea-shore resorts in the
Eastern and Northern States and in Canada.
These tickets are valid for return journey un-
til October 31st. Before deciding upon y’our
summer outing it would be well to consult the
B. & O. Book of “Routes and Rates for Sum-
mer Tours.” All B. & O. Ticket Ag-ents at
principal points have them, and they will be
sent post paid upon receipt of ten cents, by’
Chas. O. Scull, General Passenger Agent, B. Sz
O. R. R. Baltimore, Md.

Who Has Back Numbers of Inventive Age?

The Inventive Age wants the following
back numbers and will be pleased to pay’ all ex-
pense of postage.

1889— Nos. 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 22
and 24.

18%— Nos. 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, Jf), 37, 3,8, 40,
41, 43, 44. 45. 47, 48, and 50.

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1893 — January', May', June and July* issues.

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The Inventive Age,

Washington, D. C.

INVENTIVE AGE BUILDING.

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“Patents For Sale,” or “Want” col-
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For $ I .

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following Scientific books:

How to Make Electric Batteries at
Home, fully’ illustrated, by Edward
T revert.

Every body’'s Handbook of Electricity,
illustrated, by' Trevert.

How to iMake a Dynamo, by’ Trevert.
Practical Directions for Electric Bell
Fitting and Electric Gas Lighting-,
by Trevert.

Eliliu Thompson's What is Electric-

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The Baltimore A <9hio R. R. Co. will sell
round trip excursion tickets to Denver, Col.,
from all points on its lines east of the Ohio
River, August 8ih, 9th and lOtli. valid for return
passage on trains leaving- Denver August 19th,
25th and September 13th.

The rate from Baltimore and Washington
will be $47.49 and correspondiiigl.v low rates
from other points.

Passengers taking the B. 2: O. have a choice
of routes, going- via Pittsburg, Akron and
Chicago: via (rraftoii, Bellaire and Chicago, or
via Parkersburg-, Cincinnati and St. Louis;
double daily’ service of e.xpress trains, with
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i86

THE IXVEXTIVE AGE

CLASSII' lED list of Patents issued during the mouth appears in each issue of the Invkntivk Age, which keeps inventors posted iu the art in which they are

mostly interested. The full address of any patentee, and number of parent found below sent to any address on receipt of one 2-cent stamp. We will

send, postpaid, to any address, printed copies of anv- IT. S. patents, with specifications and drawings, upon receipt of 20 cents for one copy; 35 cents for two
copies ; 50 cents for three copies. (See premium offer elsewhere in this issue.) Address THE INVENTIVE AGE, Sxh And H Sts., Washington, D. C.

LIST OF PATENTS

GKANTKI> for inventions,

JULY 3i, 1894.

AccoKlion, zitlHT. T J I^Inller.

Air coiniirc'ssor, iloiihle acting liyilruulic. J
II Oliani]).

Aniiiiniiiii, in;iUin<r. L Stenil>erg.

Arc nij)tiiring ilcvicc. O T YuDiiicc.T:,
Armature tnr flynaiiio electric niacliines II
y Marshall.

Armature f>'r ilynanio l■^■ctric madiines. II
G Kei.st.

Awning, window. T> Jon<*s.

Falins: jiress. I'l (’Ni.xon.

Rar fixture. iM Reiisinger.

Itattery plates, iiiakintr secoiiilary. W L
Si Ivey.

Battery ]ilat<‘S. making stifl'ened connectors
for sf'Coiidary. W L Silvey.

Beam straiglitening apparatus. J F Lun-
tlahl.

Bed, folding Ti I» Shelton and N Gtuitrv.
Bell. W B Mackay.

Bell, duor. B S Cowh-s,

B(dt, sword. S X Ihckerstaff.

Beverage ves.se|. .1 M N an Fleet.

Ih'Verages, apparatus for charging and
<lrawing cari>onat(‘d. E Stahl.

Bicycle 2. F II l‘e< k
Bicycle seat post. A peikins.

Bicycle .supporting attach cent II \V Wood-
ward.

Bicycle wheel. L II ('hinnock.

Bicycles, et<‘., driving ni'-rhani.-ni for. W P
.leiicks.

Bit anil mouth opener l omltined. B N llar-
ri.s.

Blower, centrifugal. W II Harrison.

Boiler. .1 J Long.

Boiler furnace. W W Tii'an.

Boiler furnace. Z E Boon.

Boilei- furnaiv, st(*ain. K T White and W S
Forestell.

Boiler turnace, steam. H \\’ilms.

Boiler- tube eh'a^ior. R ']’ Brooke.

P>i<ili*r, water- circnhiti ng, feeding and dis-
charging a[iparatus for steam. P H Bur-
rison.

Bone cutting machine. F N\’ I\Iann.

If.ttle. II A P.ierley

P>ottle neck. L pells and I> Steiner.

Bottl(‘ jiacking case. W P lowrie, U Barr,
and G Seott.

Botlle, si]'hon J Wm-sereaii.

Bottle stopper. F W Palmer.

Bri-ad in ovens, means for deodori/iipg and
sweetening B Zoi-ller.

Bricks, tiles, ete.. mai-liino for jir<*.ssing. .1
Le.mliardt.

Buggy s('at G Giissidt.

t'ahinet, r<*<-oril, l>iogia|'hii-al. and memorial.
.1 F Whalen,

Gan <-Ieaning mai-hine. J K Rowlands.

Gar l)iake. .) T hull
Gai- brake. ]\I B(-Niilly.

Gar Coupling. J P Kiik.

< ’ar feiid.-r. K 'I’homas.

Gar life guanl, >treet. G A Parmeiiter and
G S Gooiling.

C'ariliiig macljino, (-omlenser or linisher. .1
(h'oinii*.

Gartridge holder. 1\I 11 Burst.

(.'aster. F iMann and II 11 .\kei-s.

Ga.-^ter. furniture. .1 T V,.i.jaiil.

( 'atei pillar traji. '1' B Xoom*.

Ghain, dri\'e. E P»aldwin.

< 'hair. Ij i ’ La/ear,

( 'hloi iils, making liipiid. A Sommer-.

('buck, emery wheel. J 1’ GiMin.

Glinte for loading ve.ssels, cars, etc. J M
Bodge.

Gigar jiien-cr. G Horn.

Gircuit closer, automatic. .T W White,
(’lotlies line l•l•(d. A \V' Foster.

('hitch, frietion. T ,\ Western.

' ollee boiler. J W Oarpenter.

Goinh. .1 W Howh-tt.

Gonih for fiber feeding machines, revidving.
J ( ' potter.

('ommntator for dynamo ehs-tric machines.
J lIoiTinan.

Gompositioii of matter and making same. A
P iMcKean.

(^)py holder. J Rush.

Corset L H I'ov.

( 'on V(*yor. K M iclialoiiskj.

Got, <-hair, G (’ BcPhee and T E Brock.
Crane. A Grafton.

Creamer, centrifugal. B J Bavis.

Grushiiig and grinding machine. M' H
I low land.

Cultivator, sulky. FG IToffheiiis.

Cupboard fo|- toilet ntoiisils. C li Wendt,
(kirreiit generator, alternating. E W Pice,
.Ir.

Cutter i-yliiuler for feed cutters. G S and B
G Anderson.

Bisinfe. ting a]>paratns. WB Ih iiikerhoff.
Bitcliing machine, traction. .1 B Hill.

Boor, hinged sliding. A Sim lair.

Boor operating devi(-e 2. .1 Bawle.

Brawing instrument. E L Sanderson.
Bn*dg<‘r. S P Hedges.

Bredgi-r, steam vacuum. L TIus.sey.
Dredging apjiaratus li. E (.’h.n|Uelte.
Dri'dging apparatus, rotary pumj) for. E
(Miaijiiette.

Diilling ajiparatus. J Conner.

Dyeing. C Buisherg and P Ott.

Ejector and fl ing pin oj)erated by main-
spring. C \ V"ungaml S H Barton.
Electric circuit testing device. G A (.PNeill.
Electric coiiveiter. J A Gal.ot.

Electric machine dynamo. E Thompson.
Electric machine ur motor, dynamo. W II
Kuigt t.

Electric meter. T Duncan.

Electric meter. E Hartman.

Electric swicli. G E Linton.

Electro expansion device. E Thompson,
Electrotyjies, makirig. A W Han ison.
Engines with water or other cooling li'iuid-<,
apparatus for supidying jackets of gas. E
Hirsch.

Fan. A T Cwerdinski.

Fare register. L Ehrlich.

Far - register, stieet car. E H Duchemin.
Fence post. M lilmades and C L Fluck.
Fenci-s, metallic post ami fastener for wire.
E F Saxton.

Fertilizer distributer. F G Hoflheins.

File and jire.Ns cojiy hook, combined letter.
B E Stejiheusiin.

Filtering apparatus, protector against tube
breaking, and .seif actve cU»sing apparatus,
water. B K rix.

Fii ger uail trimmer H La Casse.

Firearm sight. L Favre.

Fire escape. P .) Buuhall.
l ire extinguishejs, valvi* for automatic. S
S AilUius.

Fire extinguishing system. <) Pierce
Fire hose splay iio/./.le. 31 II Hart.

Fruit drier. D E Sami'sun.

Fuse, shell. 1 1 ( 'oiiekin.

Galvanic battery. G E Buell,

(Jalvanie element. A Heil.

Game aj-paiatus. .1 R Rowlands.

Gai hage fiiriian-. .) B Wayt.

Gas motor engine, reactionary. W A Shaw,
(iate. G (.' Aikman.

(iates automatically, device for opening or
closing farm 1' B 'rrihhett.

Giiudiiig nia -|iiiie, drill. J .1 Kenyon,
(huts, movable ( iK-king sboulder for hreak-
liowii. F A Hollenbeck.

Hair ]iiu. f. ( iiisey.

Harne.ss. W E Pipher.

I farvester. P 1 laiison.

Hat pai-kiiig rings, machine for automati-
cally making paste board strips fur. E R
F(-rry.

Hay eucker. E B Keith.

Heating apparatus, steam R B liixon.
Hook and eye. H S W edmoie.

Ilorseslioe. J Filter-.

Hot water boiler. !» IMwijson.

Kytlraiilic ei)mpre.-.-v. W W Pderce and A
'riiomlin.son.

Hytlraiilic c<impre>'!, steam. W W Bierrc.
Mydrocai lK.in gas lihu k mai-hiiie. 1* F Rer-
<lon.

Ire cream freezer. L and .1 D Wallace.

Ice elevator ])lane. -I P Smith.

I ndicating niaeliine. .^I H Tompkins.
Injector. R G Brooki-.

I Ilk. lb Nleu^taedt.

1 liking ilevice fur duplicating manuscripts.
.1(11 leckei t.

Insulating block, H I’ Ibill.

Iron ami alluiniiii, making compounds of,

( ) Srhmiedetierg.

Kuilting machine, straight. .) <; iNiwi-H.
Knitting mm-hiiie. .^tlaight. H Stoll /ind F
Baerckliij.

Kuittine machines, extra thread feeding <le.
vice for. .1 (J I’owell.

Ladder extension ami shelf, >tep. G J
l-eaih.

I. adder- lock. (J P Buslinell.

Ladder-, wooden. .1 'I' Knox.

Lamp, electrie ai'e. .1 B iALcKeow n. ( Rc-
i>siie. )

Lamps hushing for electri' arc. T .1

I louck.

Lasting machine. S Ladd.

Latlie.' W T Wood.

Level. H Hughes.

Lifting jack. A .\ Smith.

Lining jack. K R Stilwell.

Line discharger, automatic. .1 F (ianduxer.
Lo(-k. (! W Brown.

Lock'. JC(.'a/.in.

Loom jiile wire. G Segschiieider.

I\lap <-ase. 3\’ P Hussey.

Beasnring deviee, wi.-avei’s. F X Garoii.
I\le(-liaiiical movi-menf. J Linton.

3letal, comhimitioii tool for nurliug, milling,
screw cutting, turning ami grooving. P
A H Frederick ami .1 31 Riedel.

3lilk, condensing and jneserving, B F 3Tc-
I nty re.

3Iop head and wringer, combined. J H
-lew ett.

Bo\ser, lawn. A G K<-ut.

3Iower, lawn. L (.' Star k.

Ne.st, hi'ii’s. .1 \\ Kastej-.

Newspaper stand. B Foi'st.

Nipple holder. OB Hall and(; II Graves.
Nut lock. E .1 Bickell.

Oil hill [ling Jipitaratus. J W 3Iori is.

Oil extracting ajiiiaratii.s. W o Rohluiis.
oil tank retailing attaciinient. FW 3laley
and .1 H 3Iartiiidale,

Oil.s, desulfurizing mineral. A Sommer.
Oiling loose wheels or pulleys, means fur.
B Leiteh.

Oidnam-e, hr-eech loading. W (Ji-oss am.1 (.1
Puhlit.

Ore coiK-eiitiatui'. TC 3IcGleer\-.

Ore sampler. G L Hooper.

(Jre sampling inachiiier}'. G D Potter.

(.)re, winning im-tals from magnetic iron. E
Nieiistaedt.

Organ player, automatic. J .3 Biodin.

Over seam fur fahries. 11 H Fefel.

Packing, pi.'.ton iihI, E F Lewi.s.

Padille will'd and rudder, stern. .1 31 3Iitch-

d.

Paper (-utter, n-versalde. F Peters.

Paper delivering machine, coin coiitr'olled,
G A Hastings.

Pen <»r pencil case. F J Hille.

Phuiiograph, ctiin i-ontrolled. T H 31h(--
dunald.

Pill machine. 31 R Ghristier ami H 31
Sniitli.

Pipe wreucli. C Hull.

Pipe wi’ench. D P Stanton.

Planter, potato. D W Baldwin.

Plastering retarder and making same. W
31 Dawson.

potato cutter, seed. II C Odell.

Press E 0 Williams.

Pressure regulator', fluid G H Veeder and
K D Pried.

Printing jue.ss, embossed. J V Johnston
and B F Bergh.

Propelling mechanism for cai'oiisels, etc. C
Braaf.

Pump. 0 H (Jhandler.

Pump, electromagnetic recii'rocuting. C J
Van Itepoele.

Ihiiiip, portable barrel. 31 B Brooks.

Pump regulator. W B 31asoii.

Rail Joint, suspended. O II Lang.

Railway cheek ami indicator. J Lord and
T R Li-ason.

Railway gate. A Barre and E Currier.

Railway guard, street. W T 3'ose.

Rail way rail joint. B Herman.

Railwav signal. F E Kiri'inaii.

Railway signal, eh-ctrie. (• A Hammond.

Bailwav trains, electric signaling apparatus
for. 'W II Baker.

Bange flnding, method of and aitparatiis for.
B A Fiske.

Beading case, 'f W 3lcGrath.

Bi'in holder. D D Horton.

Rivet setting machine. K M Pope.

Rotary steam engine. W B Byrd.

Jtuler, blacklioanl. B W Ahiie.

Saddle. W 11 Hall.

Saddle, harness. .1 L Kock.

Safe, hank. D 31 Botlieiihi-rger.

Sagger. H Biuiit.

Sand iilast machine. J A Shoi-maker.

Saw dressing machine 31 Govd.

Saw filing and setting mai hiiiei J 3Ic.31is-
ter.

Saw, mehil. GC Newton.

Saw shai'iiening macliim-. M. (.kivel.
Sawing luarhim*. J S Loomis.

.‘■^'-ow, (inmping. .3 Williams.

Sealed can, hermetically. 3V' II ICdmuiids.
Seaming and colling sheet metal, mechanism
for-. F T 'I'hoiupson.

Seaming sectional sheet metal pipes, ma-
chine for. A G Sclierer.

Seed hulls and separa.ing lint and hulls, art
(.if and niai-ltiiie for (letacbiug lint from
Cl tton. J P Biiriilixm.

Self closing switch. G N and H P Leiihart.
S(‘W’er jiipf' connection. .) P Bales.

Sew ing machiue. H H Fcfel.

Sewing niaeliim- ln-d ['late. L Muther.

Sew ing machine jiresser foot attachment.
F B Almy.

Sew ing machine trimmer. H II Fefel.
>liarpeiiitig maciiiue, shears. G N Sly.
Shearing or cliii[iiug animals, niai bine for
( I and H Burgriu.

Slu'ars. ( ' 1'hoiniisoti.

Shi'i't metal box. .I !> Ellis

Shelf extension, li II Be Lciiatliaii.

Siciial I'oxes, means fortesling I'lectiic .I
F Mchreii.

Siphon. II l-'b-im-r.

Spi mile heari Mg. E .I Garioll.

S|iindle retainer. E .1 Carroll.

Spinning rings, manufacturing.

Spiajer and nozzle, comhined.

and .-3 Rayriioiid,

Stamp, canceli iig. 31 Peabody.

Stai^ip. ruliiier. (i A Pickup.

Stand hoib-r for hi-ating water,
can.

Station indicator. GW Robert, -^oii.

Steam engine. W N and (M*' ( Ti istophi-r.
Steam generator. W E Kelly.

Steam generator. G 11 and VV A Preston.
Steam si'parater. W B Culver.

Stove. F Jones.

Stovepipe attaclimi-nt. G A K'ur tis.

Stove, poitat'ie. J Simlair.
fclo\ e, straw lull niiig. FA Galahan.
Strainer for coftce p(jts, etc. T R FiM-hcr.
{sus[K‘mlcr W(‘h fastening. F A Biirnam.
Switeh detector bar. J H Bovlett.

31 D Marev.
F S North

W F Ihin-

Telephotie, niagnetie. F H Brown.

'I'eniiis ajiparatu.s, law n. W B Hopkins.
'I'hermoineti-r, (-ook stov(‘. A 1’ Knowles.
Tire, |mcninatic whe(d. F II Seddon.
Tohai-co easing macbiiie. D R Fraley.
Toliaceo pipe. \V Nax.

'fool, coinhiriathm. E Cavanaugh.

'l'o\ pi.-tol. <'G Smith and 'J' B Slone.

'1‘iace fastener. F D Stalfonl.

'I’ramway, aerial. L Johnson.

'frail 'planter, tol)acc(). | I higei’.

'frnss. W S Rii-e.

'frii.ss. .J 3\' Snead.

'I'ype sotting apiiaiatu.s 2. L K .Johnson,
'fyjie setting ajipai atus -1. L K .lolinson and
.3 A Town

Type setting machines, perforating strips
for, 'f B Caswell.

'fy|)c writing maeliine. l) Gohn.

'f> pe writing machine. H F (iitford.

'I'ype writing ma<-hine. H L Wagm-r.
Uinhrellas etc., holder for. A If Alher-
shardt,

Fnloadiiig apparatus. .3 BcDougall.

Valve. .1 Frye.

Valve. T II Williams and N R 3Iarviii.
Valve, automatic l»rake. .3 P .Bassey,

Valve, engineer’s InaUe. L F Howard.
Vapor huinrr. P .1 Fitzgeiald.

Vending inaehiiie. G P Young,

Wasliing machine. W F Day and J A
Pier<-e.

Watch dial fastening. G E Hunter.

Watch, stem winding and setting. (> (.)
3Iai-tinell.

Water eleviitor and can ier. .T H Hodges.
Water lieati r. .A Pinney.

Wave motor. E (ieilacii
Welding or brazing mechanism, electric.
G 1) Burton.

Wlieels, apparatus for clamping peripheral

bands on. F P Pflegbar.

AViridmill. L W Noyes.

Wimlmill tank tower. L W Noyes.

Wind wheel. L W Noyes.

Wool drier. W White.

PATENTS GRANTED AUG. 7, '94.

Aeid, pbenylrosiiidulin sulfo. C. Scliraube
and E Romig.

Addressing machines, stencil card for. C A
Belknap.

Air brake. J D PSchenck.

Airbrake, car. J F Voorhees.

Animal trai'. C B Trnmhie.

A jiiunciator. P Weber.

Anns and hammers, shifting means for ci.K-k-
ing. F A Hollenbeck

Asphalt, etc., from petroleum, manufacture
of. F X Byerley.

Autographic register. S Slioup.

Automatic gate. W Lagamiassa.

Awning for vessels, portable. 31 Enright.
A.xle box, ear. J F Gallagher.

Axle making ma'-hiiie. 0 31<‘rcaJer.

Axle jiile. J B Baugh.

Bag holder. AV D Harmon ami E G Kel-
ouge.

Band cutter and feeder. J W Begier.

Bed, folding. 8 Hawver.

Beer glass counter or game register. B
(piietzsch and G- R Glass.

Bell, sleigh. J Fisher.

Belt, conductor’s mom-y. J T Doherty,
Bicycle. A II Clark.

Bicycle saddle. A P Morrow-,

Billiard time register, (i J Waiiiwright.
Boiler furnace. W K Parks.

Boiler furnace, steam . (J E Belmor,

Boiler furnace, steam, H D Orvis.

Boot (.ir sln»e sole cutting maeliine. H B
Steele.

Boi ing machine. A Frazer.

Bottle fll ling apparatus. G W Glayton.
Bottle niouth.s, stopper or cover for. T B
Birnhanm.

Bottle stopper. C B SchiKUiinehl.

Buttle stopper ami vent comhiued. 31 L
Bergman.

Bottle washer. F E .Anderson
Bottle wiaiiper. T F W Seliiiiidt.

Box [landing implement. J K Burkholder.
Boxes, etc., ailjiistahie partition fur packing.
J V (Jolemaii.

Brn.sii and comb, ('umhinalion. G D Hoag-
laml.

Biiish, fountain. T I> (Vinstaiit.

Brush, fountain cleansing. G W I’ark.
Bucket, clevat i ng. 'f L Alarvcl.

Ihifter l.iox lining. G W W’liitc.

Butter mold, adjuslahle. 11 S Baltliv.

Button (ir stud, collar or culf. 'f W Jones,

< 'ake nmclii lie. P B I lart n.

Camera sliuttei. J G llegeb-iii.

( 'anniiig apparatii.s, fruit. E 31 AVillislou.
Gai’ hiiflj'T-. \\ F Rii hauls.

( Ur coU|iliiig. 0 Ij Beck.

( 'ar coiipling. J IjSlu.uigii.

Gar fender. A Kidd.

Gar fender or guard, street or railway. E
Keninitz.

Gar fender, tram. W Biydeii,

Gar life saver F 31 chapman.

Gars, adjustable gat(3 for street. L U God-
win.

Carriages, rocker attachment for hahy. F
AValker.

Gai tridge sto)i, rimle.ss. 31 II Burst.

Casting machine, type. \N’ H Welsh,
('(-nn-nt mill. .1 A Alheitson and J H
Fisiier.

fniain Coupling. (’ F Noble.

( Jiurn. R E A'an Cour t.

Ghui n, rolaiy. A BcMnllan.

( 'lamp. A .1 Courtney.

Glipl'iiig macliines, jiower transmitter for.
J K Ihiest.

Glotlies line I’eel. A S Fonda.

Coffee (U* lea pot, steam. G Laube.
Gomjiasses. M Bradley.

Condenser, exhaust steam. W Webster.
(.Untections, macliim* for molding. J ('
Walier.

Cooji, folding cliit-keii. Ij 3Iatthews.

( 'ork puller. 31 L White.

('orn silker. R P 8cott.

(’ottoii gin. B Haynes.

Gro.ss over tip, aiitomatii-. J 31 Philliji.s, J
.1 Fleming and F Browning.

Giiltivator, wheel. F CStroker.

Curtain ]iole snpjiort, adjustable. G Barber.
Gut oft, rain water. A Kroll.

Demijohn ci'ale. C B ])ann.

Dii-e thrower. J H Nellis.

Dispatc h tube system. H G Umlerwooil.
Drawer extension. H ('Smith.

Drying apparatus. JJ., W., and B S Foster.
Dye, az(3. B I 'li ich and .1 Bammann.

Dye, l)liie. ( > Bally.

Dye, blue. R Knietseh.

D^e, blue tetrazo, 2. (• (') 3Inller.

Dye, orange. (.' L 3Iulh‘r.

Dye, orange disazo. (J L 3Iuller.

Dy(.*, safraiiin a/o naphthol. P JuliUvS.

Dye, substantive blue. (• Sebraul»e.

Dye, violet led. 0 Schiaube and E Bomig.
Eaves trough hanger. G I>umm.

Eaves trough liatigei*. 8 Silberstein.
Electric heater. J F Kester.

Electric light wires, rosette for. C N
Ilanmiomi.

EIectri(- machine, dynamo. R Eickemeyer.
Electric machine, dynamo. G Rennerfelt.
Electric machine, dynamo. W B Sayers.
Electi'ic machine regulat(»r, dynamo, 'f .3
Edison.

Electric motor. F C Whitmore.

Electric signal for steamboats. R H Grus-
chow.

Electric transformer. J J Wood.

Electrical motor. H B Por ter.
Electrotherajieutic apparatus, circuit breaker
for. L W Downes.

Elevating aiip-iratus, hydraulic. G H Rey-
nolds.

Engine cross head. A T Snodgrass.

Engine reversing gear. D H Grant and H
31iller.

Envelope making and printing machine. 0
A Teal.

Exhil.iting iridicatoi'S, etc. 3Iec-hanism for.
E llavies.

Feed water heater and lunifiei'. W Web-
ster.

Fence, hedge. E A Terhuiie.

Fence machine. G A Dentelbeck.

Fence post. H J Coe.

Fences, end post for wii'e. J M Phelps.
Fencing tool, wire. J 31 Barclay.

Filter. 1> C and J E NN’ilUamson.

Filter and connectioii witli faucet^ or water
supidy. II A''ellenovveth.

Fii'e engine, gas. D Keglei-.

Fire escajie. E Dunning.

Fish hook. B 8 3Iartin.

Floorcloth. A Hagele.

Floor', fireproof. H B I*rice.

Flour bolting reel. S D Barr.

Flour Jiacking bit. C B Bonaldson.

Form, dress. D Brown.

Furnace bottom. A Beyer.

Game ajuiaiatus. R J Kolfson.

Garment supporter and underwaist. C F
Richmond.

Gas ajijiaratus, steam snjiply and circulating
system for water. (J N Guldlin.

Gaa, coin fVe(.‘d ajinaratus for the automatic
saB and delivery of. .1 Gow'.

(Jjis liglitiiig attachment. F 31 Brooks.
Globes of electric lights or lamjis, gu ird for.
J C ( ialster.

(trading streets or roadbeds, means tor, .1
J McMahon.

Grater-. .1 (j Baker.

Guns, shifting means for cocking arm.s of
breakdown. F A Hollenbeck.

Halter sipiare or comer clasji. T K 31ar-
tiu.

Harness 1> 31 Forsyth.

Harness or- otlier strap. W W Pays.

Harrow'. S H Berriilith.

Heating systems, device for removing air
from steam. L Hussey and E 3Ic(’ann.
Heels, apjiaiatus for forming spring. J P
BusfU'ld.

Hoisting tackle. F I'l A'oiing.

IIoldl)a(-k, vehicle. 8 F Robbins.

Horse blanket safety device. W D Adams.
Horse detacher. L 31 Bowers.

Horseshoe. 0 E Brown.

Horseshoe hurnishiiig machine. W Alasou.
Hut air furnace. H .1 Noyes.

Huh jiojnt hand, vehicle. J 3Iaris.

Ice liook. 31 B Wesson.

Insulated electric conductor, w’aterjioof. l>
3ia(-failan.

Insnlaliiig t»oliey win* siijijiort. F 31
Ziinmei man.

Insulator for electric wires, sujijiorting. L
S Beardsley.

Ironing table. E Hayward.

Journal hearing. D I Lyhe.

.lug, (i W Spiitig and G W Priiitz.

Kettle. G \\ and .1 .1 Gis(-o, .Jr,

Ixiieading machiue. .1 Ij(*('.

Ladder, extension steje R Denjrel.

L.idder- ti lick, {‘.xteiisioii. A Riitheiih(*rg.
Lamp chimney rack. A E Snell.

Lamji, electric arc. W S I’endletmi.

Liiiuji, electric arc. G (i Stout.

Limp, wiclvh'ss. A Niemezik.

Lath machine. G F Daniell and L Ko.ss.
Ijiftiiig jack, Compound lever. N Weiler.
Linotyjie machine. <) V Sigurdsson.

Ijock .1 Roclie,

liocoiiiotive hufter. W F Richards.
Lubricator, i’ H and J G Knijiper.

3Iassage, electric hand apjiliaiice for. A J
Sjx/aro.

3Iatch making machine. J C Donnelly.
31at(-h sjilint assembling machine. .1 C
Donnelly.

31easuring vessel. W F Keepers.

3Ietal Working, electric. H Leniji and W 8
NIoody .

3Iining imn-hine. H B DierdortT.

3liniiig niai-liirie. B A Legg.

31Uten. A P Smith.

31olds for jilaster casts, making. A W
3Ioiiroe.

Bolds, maeliine for drojijiing liejuid malerial
into. R 8 31urray ainl F VV Eames.
Bolding. G H Geyer.

Mule traj). \V A Reddick.

3Ioiti>ing machine. W Hand W' J Glark.
Mortising machines, jirotector for endless
chain cutter. 0 S Bosele^'.

3luwer, lawn. W G Wnioii.

31 usic .stand. (I II 31c0all

3Bi»ical instrument, strimred. J H Parker.,

Nut lock. P W Dillon.

Nut lock. G Gibson.

Nut lock. T 0 SwofTord.

Nut h.ck. .1 A Wells.

Nut locks, master key for. J C Brown.
Olitiinder, tliermo electric volatilizing. C B
Bficliiiiaii.

()il burner. It W'alteii and T Rees.

(Jil burner, fuel. It L Bnderwood.

Oil can. B II Chameroy.

(’acking. N B Miller.

Backing, sheet. A B Coelirane.

Baper box. W .J Walker.

Bapar nuu-iiine drier. F X Black.

Ben, hog. M C and Z 8 Randleman.
Bhoto^iaphic camera. J C Hegelein.

Bipe connection. AWJ Walker*.

Bi.-<ton roils to cross heads, device for secui'-
iijg. 0 G Turner.

Blaiits, ajiparatus for growing. W Oliver.
Bool register. G J VV'aiiiright.

Preserving citrous fruits. I> A Walker, Jr.
Pi'essure accumulator. C C Worthington.
Primary battery. W Walker, Jr., F R VViD

XHK INVEXXIVB .VOE.

187

kins ainl Lum'S.

Printing niadiino. C A Teal.

Printing jn'css^. 'V B Lawrence, (reissue.)
1‘ulley Mock. W Loiulen.

Pulverizing mill, roller. E H Huri-y.

Pump. J F I’almer.

Pumj), electric. F W ^^Nlerritt and A R Roe.
Pump, force. II Bender.

Puzzle. C B Macneal.

Puzzle. L L Porter.

Railway brake. R H Bulloch and J W
Mallard.

Railway, conduit electric. R M Hunter.
Railway pole ratchet, electric. T J BIc-
Tighe.

Rai wav rail joints, splice or support for. R
H Woidley.

Railway signaling device. W Daves.

Kailway switch, automatic. F W Wittkow-
ski.

Railway work, motor suspension for. E
Rice, .Ir.

Rake. 0 C Quigley.

Rasp. S D Hedge

Kecept protector. A Steiner.

Reciprocating parts ot machines way for. 7,

G Shoh's.

Reeling device. ■! Iladfield.

Retiecti>r for electric or other lamps. E
Tilmann.

Retlector for lamps. E Tilmann.
Refrigerating machine. F B Hill.
Refrigerator car ventilator. G F Brown,
•Ir., and G P Hill.

Rendering lard by hot air, apparatus for.

A Wild.

Revolulde screen. 1> E Phillips.

Ribbons, machine for reeling, measuring
and severing tv]H‘ writer or other. R <.»
Hopkins.

Rocking chair. .7 Kottmann.

Rowlock. .7 T Ish.

Rust from iron or steel, composition for re-
moving. Biiecher.

Sad iron seam pressing attachment. N G
Davis.

Safranin aze na]>hth(d, dimethyl P Julius.
Safranin azo naphtliol lake P Julius.
Safranin nzo naphthid, soluble P Jjilins.

Sash balance, electric. W C Ho<lgkius.

Sash listener. J H Hottes.

Saw filing machine. W B Allen.

Saw guide. .\ Pinco.

Sawmill. C Edgar.

Scaftold, adjustable portable. T H im-
busb.

Scale, computing weighing. J Cronan.
Scale, plathum. M Winslow.

Scales, check rod for platba ui. H Paildock.
Screw forging apparatus. C Fairbairn and
Wei is.

Self waiting table. W R Cummings.
Separator frame and support G (> 1‘raper.
Sewing carjiet corners, meclianism for. t
Ames

Sewing machine. K S Klogel.

Sewing machine cabinet. T Kundtz.

Shades, bidding mechanism for spring act-
uated. H H Sr., H H Jr., and W H For-
syth.

Shaft coupling, W II Ilarfield.

Sheai's. Z \> Hayden.

Sheet lielivering machine. U F Barnez and
J G Smitlj

Sheet metal perforatinn machine. I) Hen-
dei’son.

Shoe polishing machine. J Friedlander.
Show and advertising stand, revolving. G
Fuchs.

> butter opener, automatic. C Buerling.
Shutter worker and fa.stener. G Aiidreeu.
Sliuttle tlireailer. A Bonlay.

Signaling, snlmuiriiie. L I IRake.

Skate blade and manufacturing sanie. T
W Bryant.

Slate cleanor and dtier. R B Berk.

Sole cutting machine feeding attachment.
M E Knight.

Spike puller. P J Bjork.

Spinning machines, top roll saddle for. E
Dixon.

Stage appliance. 0 B Jefferson.

Steam boiler. C E Parker.

Steam boiler, sectional H M Norton.

Stoker, coal. W II Hannan.

Stone grinding or i»olisliing machine. J
Lavers.

Stopper puller. A W Buttei field.

Stove, beating. J S Harkins.

Switch. R B Yerhy.

Switch safety device, jioint. L Dunn.
Telegraph instrument, printing. J H Rog-
ers.

Telephone annunciator and call bell. F G
Warrell.

Telepiiones, variable resistance medium for
‘2. W W Jacipies.

Tent pole attachment. H Giessen.
Thrashing machine band cutter and feeder.
D C Ruth.

Time alarm. CoMajoi.

Time recorder, workman’s. J Dey.

Tire, bicycle. J D Beebi'.

Tire, jineumatic. H .1 Duuirhty.

Tire, pneumatic bicycle. P KnimscbeM.
Tire setting machine. J B We.st.

Tongue support. D Ward.

Trigger operating two locks alternately,
single. F D Granger.

Trolley, electric car. GC Bonrdereanx.
Trolley wire circuit breaker. T J McTighe
and S W Childs.

Trolley wire sujiport. L Yakel.

Truck. F Peter.

Tunneling machine. R Stanley.

Type writer macliines, machine for inking
ribbons for. R G Hopkins.

Typo writing machines. A T Vigneron.
T'rinal. J Tucker.

Valve. F L Dcrarie.

Valve and muHler, pop safety. E B Kunkle.
Valve, balanced. J \ Bourgeat.

^’alve, clieck 2. L Sclintte.

Valve, engineer's. W 0 Whitacre.

Valve mechanism, engine. G I Rockwood.
Valve, slide. F H Morel.

Vehicle wheel. W T>oig.

Vehicles, transvei'se seat fur foot power. G
0 Draper.

Velocipede. J Desmond.

Velocipede, marine. H B Ogden.

Vessels, raising sunken. 0 A Bnlette.
Voltiac battery. j>rimary. W Walker, Jr.,
and F R Wilkins.

Wagon, duminng. A IM and H V Chafle.
Washing machine 2. J Hesselwood.

Water closet. M Garland.

Water closet valve, flush. J Liming.

Water or grease proof material. B

Howe.

Water purifying or liquor aging api»aratus.
R C Turner.

Welding machine, electric. H Lemp.

Wells, machinery fur opemting oil. W F
Burr.

Wlieel. A Sharp.

Wire sidicing device. A Kile.

Wood cutting machine. D R Edwards,

PATENTS GRANTED AUG. 14, '94.

Ammonia purifler, anhydrous. U G Sneath.
Animal trap. J W Collins.

Animal trap. S 1> Morton.

Axle lubricator, car. J E Gill.

Baling i>rcss. .A C Miller.

Barrel machine. F G Hoopes.

Barrel wu.sher. A and B Danner.

Basin clamp. J W Biddle.

Bearing, roller. F Purduii, H E Walters,
and W II ^Voodcock.

Beating engine for rags, etc. P Dillon.

Belt, electric. F A Brewster.

Belt fastener. J F Williams.

Bevel and square, combined. T Fahey.
Beveling shears for cardboard. A Krah.
Bicycle. II La Casse.

Bicycle. F Ri>inger.

Bicycle brake. K J Rea.

Bicycle seat guard. F F Martin and F V
De Bern.

Bicycle sleigh attacliment. J B Putrow.
Binder, temporary. W H Benson.

Blackboard. W T Slaughter.

Boats, etc , removable center and bilge keel-
son for metallic life. L H Raymond.

Boiler or steam generator. C D IMosber.
Bolster spring. V H Weber.

Bo^t or shoe. E A Thurston.

Bout, quarter. T Morgan.

Boring tool. C E Blue.

Bottle. W Von Bukern.

Bottle closing device. W W Dixon.

Bra'zing or smelting aiiparatus. M S Thomp-
son.

Brick kiln. C F Kaul.

Brick mai bine. C II Horton.

Bridge, suspension. 1> B McHenry.

Brusli. J Ij Shiite.

Brush, fountain or hydraulic. W H ]Miller.
Bucket cover, siip. D S Sperry and U
Hannum.

Buckle. G AI Aylswortli.

Buckle. I> F Stay man.

Building construction. E R Storm.

Bumping post. A Ewaldt.

Burning city refuse. E L Ransome.

Bus bar switch for central stations. A B
Herrick.

Button or .stud, cuff, C C Cliampenois.
Calipers and dividers. R A Saddler.

Cane, walking. M Eorst.

Car brake operating mechanism. T F Ken-
ney.

Car Coupling. S G Wilber.

Car, dumi»ing. R C Davison.

Car elevator, railway. GT 2^rcLautl>liu, M
W E Brunkhorst, and M B McLanthlin.

Car fender. J T Dutf,

Car fender. J F McDonough.

Carjack. W Jewell.

Car, railway. C A Smith.

Cars, switch for electric railway. T A Rem-
sen.

Carding engines, means for fastening card
clothing to flats of. W Senior, I Wood,

E Huglies, and W Heiningway-
Cardiiig machine ring doffer cylinder. J K
Proctor.

Carpet rag looper. J Gerard.

Casting, meams for. W II Drake and J C
Green.

Check perforator. S Windecker.

Cliromium, making green oxid of. F L
Slocnin.

Cigar bunch machine. A Schwelir.

Circuit breaker, automatic. A C Carles.
Clothes pounder. N D Lewis.

Clutch, friction. W D Ewait.

Clutch, reciprocating. L Porter.

(Aial screen, revolving. G W Cross.

Conduit cleaning device. C 0 Ehlert.
Confectionery machine. T Robertson.
Cooking utensil. J B Skeyen.

Cotton, beater for use in macliines for open-
ing. J C Potter.

Cotton, feeding mechanism for machinery
for opening and preparing. J C Potter.
Crane or derrick. J N Sturm.

Crank, extension. T F Bourne.

Cultivator. J Porteous.

Current motor, alternate. W Stanley, Jr.
Cylinder lock. J T Pedersen.

Decorticating machine. JH Boekeu.

Ih'ntal mouth mirror. A E Gray.

Disli cleaner. R A Sanderson and J C
Earl

Dish cleaner. J N Tinklepaugh.
l)ish cleaner. A A Wright.

Door lianger. W A Hance.

Door hanger. T C Prouty,

Dough dividing machine. F II Van ITuuten.
Diain testing apparatus. T Grace.

Dry plates, apparatus for exposing, develop-
ing and washing. L Nievsky.

Drying kiln. L Moore.

Dye, black disazo. C Bullow.

Dye, blue. E Elsaesser.
l)ye, blue, 2. B Heymanu.

Electric circuits, battery changer for. C
Bernliardt.

Electric heater. C H Newbury.

Electric machine or motor, dynamo. .A B
See and W L Tyler.

Electric machinery, regulation of dynamo.
E M Bentley.

Electric motor, W L Silvey.

Electric motor controller. J H Jenkins.
Electric motor controller. W B Potter.
Electric search light. E R Knowles.
Electrical conductor, E B McCracken.
Electrical distribution, system of. T A Edi-

son.

Electromagnetic motor. N Tesla.
Fabrics, compound for renovating.
Andersen.

Feed water beater. W L Harv'y.
Fence. W M lirisham.

Fence machine, wire. H II Van Orrner,
Fence pickets, machine for wiling.
Salzman.

Fence wire stretclier. B D"U(1.
Fertilizer distributer. D M Averitt.
Filter, water. B F Field.

Firearm recoil check. B Blake.

Fire escape. C M Fowler.

Fire escape. F T Stacy.

Fire extinguisher, portal)lo clieinical.
Carr.

Fire tower. W F Austin.

Fishing reel. F W 3Ioog.

Floors or other surfaces, machini* for

Motor 8li'‘:ilian. 'l;iiil;l>

Slower. .1 Stephani. T--l<-;ir.«

Mn>’corhook leafhotd<*r. H <‘\\ard. 'f'di-j-li'

M u.'stache curler. W SCoiqi'-r. 'J'd-q'li

Needle case. J J Monison.

Nut luck. B F Sweet.

(.)ils, etc., and making sane-. s<dution ot

I- r. 11 Ua> III o
I i'- ti aii-mitt'T.
.-Msit-li. HI’

0- tr;tii'mito I :t

1 1

.I'.l-:.-

I L

i lor.

the

Oetz-

E

manufacture of coverin
mann.

Flue register- A .T Cohen.

Fly gate for attachment to
ilayden.

Fruit box. G C Ricards.

Fruit carrier. E E Wade.

Fruit carrier. I B WoUard.

Fruit holder. W McAuslaud.

Fuel feeding device. J Davies.

Fuel, garbage and sawdust. J D Uligny.
Furnace. F W Ingram and E E Carr.
Furnace. D J McKenzie and W iMartin.
Furnace fuel feeding device. J W Wetmore
Furnace grate bar. G II Randolph.
Furnaces, preparing charges for and charg-
ing metallurgical. W B Huglies.

Game apparatus. C E Wheeland.

(iarment clasi', 2. S Schwarz

(bis jet shade attachment. V I Copland.

Gas ligliting device. C W Mu' hall.

Gas making apparatus. E K Ellsworth.
Ga.ses, method of and apparatus for detect-
inlhimmable. H C

■lame.

sweet carbainid in. .\ Soiunier.

( dls, etc., solution of sweet carl>ami
Sommer.

(,)re conceiit'ating and g< ' '
tns. C M Fitch.

Die co^^ceiitrator, 2. <■ TI

Dven door. F II Van H
I’aekage and l ash carrier
Woodard.

Packing case. hand. S .\ Duif'
Packing, steam. H W .bdin.-^.
Paper fastener. K M I’ancoa.-t
Paper liolder and cutter, roll,
good.

iiig material iti'-i <
'I'fl-'iihoiiic -t- nj.
'I'llill e.,ii|,|ili;^ alj'l
.1 B N-we|I.
'I'liIM'hin-* Til.e hili'-

1 U

i-t;iii^

* ■‘\\ ill.

H .\ •
aiiti

iiii-in* d.

b.llld < lltt*'l .il) ! !•

rl'amid- in. .A
waving appara-

.opei-.

Uteil.

belt line. A N

I tiiiK

J B.

chaiii-m. 11

dill-

-iiig.

' hn -

C il Ilaie

ing and measurin
Tilghman, Jr.

Globe bidder. R J Ashworth.

Gold and silver from ores, extracting. J C
ISlontgonierie, 2.

Gold or silver ores, treating. ED Kendall.
Gore cutting machine. N .7 Ivendall.

(Jraiii binder. H F Crandall.

Grease tiap. E II Douaboe.

(Grinding wheel. F W Beckert.

Gun carriage recoil press. A Noble and 11
T Brankstoii.

Gutter leader and stainer. W H Hawkins.
Hammer, claw. W 11 and P A Burgess,
Ilamnier, drop. W A Cornbrooks.

Hand bag, satchel or valise. M Lowy,
Harvester, corn. W K Liggett.

Hay press. S Etchison.

Hay rake and shocker. J T Hough.

Headers or tubes, inacbine for spreading
ends of. C P Higgins.

Heater. Z H Bools.

Heater. M Readj'.

Heating furnace. L P D Yost.

Hinge pintle and making stime, blind. 0 E
Hart.

Hinge, spring. Redlinger.

Hoi^t. D E Rowland.

Hoisting and conveying apparatus. T F
Moore.

Hoisting apparatus. J V BeeUman.

Hoisting apparatus. CO Kinsman.

Hoof tiimming and paring device. D IM
button.

Hook and eye. II Davidson.

Hop picking machine. E D Mills ami L
Emdin.

Horse cliin check. T Raymond.

Horseshoe. J E James.

IIoi*seslioe ma< bine. J A Burden.

Hose coupling. A Hitt,
lint air furnace. M Rudert.

Induction coil. 0 L Jaeger.

Injector. W R I’ark.

Injector burner. W B Wright.

Insect guard for doors. II L Long.

I nsulating turnbuckle. H II Lnscumb.
Insulating tnrnbuckle. L iMcCarthy.
Insulator. G II Winslow.

Irrigator, grave mound or flower bed. 11 R
Du mm.

Kiln for firing pottery, etc. L Lav ton.

Lace hrsteiier. G P and G G Klterich.
Ladder, extensible step. W A Sidzer.

Ladder, tire. W E Walker.

Ladder, roofing. E A Austin.

Lamp. J <!loiser.

Lamji, arc. R l>rysdale.

Lamp burner. J Kampf.

Lamp carrier for miners’ caps. (.’ II Hub-
son.

Lamp, electric arc. 0 II Swoboda.

Lamp heater attachment. A HCnwan.

Lamp post, arc. K U Bnwker.

Land roller. J F Yontz.

Lantern slide mat. P S Benedict.

Lasting machine, •!. N Lombard.

Lasting machine. E Patten.

Latch. A Iske.

Letter box. H L Johnson.

Lobster trap. A P Lewis.

Lock, 2. F W Mix.

Locking box. A R Bingham.

Log rolling iiook. GS Kaime andO Sten-
eison.

Loom jacquard mechanism. P. H (Jb dhill.
Loom pattern mechanism. R Beainmuit
and G Washington.

Loom shuttle jiicking mechanism. IM T
Bavtelt, C Golle and Stein.

Loom temple. F A Garnsey.

Lubricator. W A Downes.

Lumber binder. T A Barber.

Lunch l>ox. E Haskell.

Meat tenderer. DJHake.

Mechanical movement. T Beach.

!Metal articles, apparatus for forming, 2. J
Robertson.

IMetal articles, forming. J Robertson.
l^Ietal articles, inetliod of and apparatus fur
forming 2. J Robertson.

3Ietal tubes, rods, etc., apjiaratus firr the
manufacture of, 2. J Robertson.

]\Iolding machine. W B Steirit.

Mole trap. H I> Nichols.

Mortar mill. S B Ladd.

IVIotor. S C Pettegrew.

Motor generators, componndiiig. J Burke.

Pajiei inalviiig mai hincs. >ui ti‘'n box mech-
anism for. J W and .1 (i Bclale.

Parasol fur cliildren‘> cari iuLT' S. (i I’ Stidn-

bach.

Pa.rccd and cash carrier ajiparatns, tilting.
A N Wtiodard.

Peeling patatues, etc., ma< liine Ibr. E .lae-
ger.

Pencil sharpener, slate. (' and W II
Ogle.

Pipe hanger. W yicllvriil.

Pipe joint, flexible. A .1 Sargent.

Pipe joint reducing ajqiaratns. (J 0 Rin-
man.

IManter, corn. G G Weli/en.

Planter, seed, A Waile.

Pneumatic controller 2. E II Dewsoii, .Ir.
pole tip, vehicle. K Baib-y-
Power distribution and regulation, system
of. J W (iibboney.

P'lWer transmitting devieo. W Schofiedd.
Printing wads on both 'ide-''. macltine tor.
C B Richards.

Propeller. D II Welch and J L Lovcdl.
Propeller, screw. S-t.i Hinds,

Pruiielling mechaniMii, boat. A II Bacon.
Pulley, grip. A E Brown.

Pulp, jiress fur making .q»oo1s from fibrous.
E Hubbard.

I'nnching and cutting tool. DG Oqnhart.
Punching machine. R Wal.sh.

Punching machine, metal. J B IdcLaiie.
Race course. V' Hailoclv.

Railway frog. B Blake.

Railway frog. W Rowland-:.

Railwav gate automatic. J Baade.

Railway signaling device. ^\ H Allen.
Railway switch J F Barrett.

Railway switcli. D Mcl’heison.

Railway switch. J F <»iic-r.

Railway switche.s, device f.r uperating
street. C E R (’liri>tensen.

Railway system, electric 2. T B and I! Wil-
cox.

Railway sy>tems, electromagnetic contact
making device for electric. T B and II
AVilcox.

Railway tie, metallic 2. L Taylor.

Raisin grader. J I’orteous.

Ratchet wrench, adjustaido. (' II Bern-
heiiii.

llefn.se, means for treating eity. E L Run-
some.

Resiliometi.-r. OE Hadley.

Rheostat. A B IL riick
King gage, finger. E Gruebol.

Riveting macViine 2. <’ P Higgins.

Road roller, steam. E T Wriglit.

Rolling machine, metal, (i L Hart.

Sad iron. AV Blankner.

Sample case. AV 11 Parisen.

Sasli fastener. .1 II Foote.

Sasli holder. T Cliop<*.

Saw setting tool. J A Miiigei'.

Sawing machine, metal. G <■ Newton.
Sawing machine povtalde. .1 A AIorreB.
Scattold. J Jones.

Scraper operating apparatus. H (J Butler.

( Reissue.)

Seal 3. E J Brooks.

Seaming sheet metal tuhi-s, machine for lap.
F B Lotze.

Sewing machine 2. J (Ht.

Sewing machine, shoe 2. FA Mills.

Sewing machine tension device, shoe. F A
Alills.

Sewing machines, looii forming mechanism
for shoe. F A Mills.

Sewing machines, wax thread lieating de-
vice for. F A jMills.

Sewing machines, waxing and heating de-
vice fur shoe. F A Alills.

Sewing machines, work ^llpporlillg and
feeding device fur shoe. F A MiUs.

Sliade attachment, window. <; P> N Dow.
Shaft hanger. A\' liiehel.

Shaft hanger. E A Hill.

Shears. E Bailey.

Sheet feeder. G R (’larke.

Shingle package. J Carkeek.

Shoe polisher. AI (-’hri>tenson.

Shutter, iris diaphragm. P Rudolph and G
Nather.

Signal operating rods, adjusting device for.
G A AVeber.

Signaling device, automatic electric. E A
Hermann.

Slate frame. J H Rudolph.

Sli( ing inacbine, vegetable. .A Took.
Smoke consuming furnace. H KiiLod.

Snap switch, donlde throw. E AI Hewlett.
Spark arrester. R F Douglierty.

Sprocket wheel, combination. (.4 W Kort-
right.

Stan.-li containing sedntions fur use in brew'-
ing, distilling, etc., making, S Pratt.
Starching maciiine. C O White.

Station indicator A Lambert.

Stave machine. N Burr.

Steam condensing ajiitaratus. AV Webster.
Sterilizing milk, etc. G Popp and J H
Becker.

Storage battery, eb-ctrical. P> C A'an Einon.
Stove, foot. -V Ivilldlcy.

Stove, sheet metal. C T ALT 'arroll.

Straw stacker, pneumatic. N Newsom.
Street sweeper. J II Reynolds.

Structure, supporting. H Petterson
Surveying instrument. AV Ilintoii.

Tack, thumb. A .V Woodward.

Tile .,1 brick cnttiii:: ma
Timej.iece w iiiding me
macb* r.

Time r- c'-r'ler idee trie. H '1 .p,

T<d)acc(< ‘Utter. G 1\ Vtalkc-r.

Top. -pinning. (' Diem.

Traiisi'lanter, tri-e. .1 Santmier.

'riicvrlf. figure. (' \ Be-t.

d'rolby wlieel and support D K Th aniLH.

'I’rolley wiie^wifcli. .1 .M And«T.-<.n.

Tiolling -I ooii. I ! d Tli.i> er.

'I’nick. ladialcar. AS’ Robin-ou.

Tug, ^liafr. l. -gaii.

Tunnel. A S Dainliidgo.

'I’wiiie making maelurj.-^, antuiiali* f.-*'der
for. (i .\ L'Avry.

Type di-;tribnliiig niachin- . F lb .lunegg-r.
Type holdvi . .1 ‘ (’••rbetf.

Type -■netting macljine. F Pran le gg'-r.
Typewriter '.ibiii<t. < .'Iorii-'<<»ii.

'I’vpe writer word regi-i'-r. .1 E AViilirow.
Tvjte writing machine (' W Walk--r.
I’ml'rella .-ticks, machine f'r -lotting. M
(iaiis.

A’alvi' for steam en-giii'i-. \aeinimor hand
actuated ]>y pass, .1 M >eaile.

A’alve for water gage-., automatii- safety. G
S Neely.

A'alve gear, steam engine. AV F Brown
A'elucipede brake. G F ILiIl.

A'ending apparatus, cojn controlled. .7 F
Sawer and .1 L Purves.

A'em er prc'S. (' Fianci-<.

Adolin fingerboard. W W Waring.

A’ise, pil»e. J Lane.

AS'agoii shoveling lio.aid. <’ W Needles.

AVall cleaning com|ioijijd. J < Hoclihuns.
AVall tie. J Previ-ott.

AVaslil'ench. D B AS*a-hburii.

AVater closet. J H Stevens. .Ir.

AVater closet. F U Trciber
AVater clu.set ■'•eat attachment. J II Steven.-:,
.h-.

Water meter. J E .V Bel.

Wave motor. •! Singer and J AS ood.
AVeatliwr strip. D E Vaiivactor.

Well attachment, artesian. F Gavallaro.
AVheel. AV E Aleyer, t Al Young and .V A'
Bovi'','.

A\ hitlltree. G II Talbot.

AA'liiflletree hook. A\ liewey.

AVindlass. .1 F Barrett.

AA’indmill. (’ H I’a-e t.

AVindow screen. B ii l‘aikerand 0 .A Free-
man.

•Wire stretcher. L Roadhouse.

AVire stretching >pOol carrier,
lia in.s.

AVoven fabric. II Hardwick.

Wrench. L Cues.

T P Wil

PATFNTS GRANTED AUG 21, '94.

Advertising device. E AAalker.

Aerating and carl)onating water, ai'paratiis.

T (,’raney.

Ail- brake. * ' R James.

Antispattering guard. (.’ Swayze.
Apotliecary’> graduate. T E ogram.
Atomizer. .A AI Sliurllefl.

Awning. E A' Gandin.

Axle box for wlieels. F (’ A\ Rorer.

Axle, veliicb-. W L Alasseiigale,

Bag lock. AA' Buemer.

B lujo attachment. A\' II Needham.

Baiiier's ' hair. AV G Ihillhor.'t.

Barrel heads, etc., machine fur packing. N
Peters and Al Matliey.

Battery plate sejiarater. A\ L Silvey.
Bearing, roller and ball. G L (’line.

Bearing, universal adjustable. E J Aluller.
Beating engine. J P ('oriiett.

Bed. Adding. J D Alorarity.

Bedstead, metallii-. J B Ryan.

Beer, ale, pcirter, etc., proce.-ss of and appa-
ratus for the manufacture of. L AA'agiier,

J Alarr and II Campbell.

Bevel. AV II Coomb>.

Bicycle adju-ting device. .A Perkins.

Bicycle bell clamp. E D Rockwell.

Bicycle wheel luake. K D Boclvwell.
Bicycles, back support for. K A Boyd.
Billiard cue. L K Sinagiie and F AA' Bajns.
Boiler setting. A AVoi tbingtoii.

Boilers of locomotive tyj>e, fire box At
steam. AA' Alalain.

Book bolder for reading stands. F J An-
de. on and AA' AI Trick.

Boot or shoe. A A Collins.

Boring bit. E C Bhillip>.

Bottle sealing 'levice. JS I'etrick.

Bottle .>topper. C G Nieiidurtl.

Box fastmer. D K .1 A\‘.-llhuener.

Brick mold. D J C Arnold.

Burial casket. Al Al Hoflmann.

Can labeling macbiiie. !•' Tardif and AV
AA'cthered.

Cans, liquid emptying devi<e At. A F
Chal.de.

Car controller, electric. Al B Alonroe,

Car coupling. S IVmiingtoii.

Car coupling. J AA' Tolar and B D Langs-
ton.

Car coupling hook blanks, making. II AA’
AA’yman and L F (Jordon.

Car coupling books, 'lie fur forging. H AA’
AA'yman and L F (Jordon.

Car, electric railw ay. .1 ( ' Henry.

Car fender. J Rnmrell.

(.'ar fender. R Tliompson.

Car fender, street. 'P (’ Rice.

Car fender, trolley or other. E Btickman
and J K Hagan.'

Car sanding deviee. II F Rooney.

Cars, draft rigging for jdatform. CC Bor-
ton.

Carriage Jack. O AA’ Bowen.

Carriage spring. C Bidilen.

Cart operating device, tip. P McClana-
tliaii.

Case. II Peake.

i88

THB INVEtNTiVB

0{ish register aud indicator. A Pfaft'.

Cash register and indicator. C W Shibeley.

Cash register, indicator ami check printer.
C W Weiss.

Ceiling, etc., sheet metal paneling for. F G
Caldwell.

Chain clasp, watcli. T Mason.

Chain links, machine for couj)ling drive. N
B Fassett.

Chain, machine for making predetermined
lengths of. C F Smith.

Chamfering machine. T Ci'aney.

Check rein attachment. G W Taylor.

Clear tip cutter and mlvertising device, com-
hined. C H Gould.

Circuit controller. K .T McEvtty.

(’ircuits, safety switch for higli p<itenlial. S
Harris.

Clothes drier. II II Sheets.

Clutcli. C -\ Weller.

Coal scuttle. J W Krieger.

Cotllu liaiidle. C F Mosinan.

Coin contndled machine. II A Manley.

Comhination luck. J il Wittington.

Commutattir cylimler. A J Sliaw.

Commutator for dynamo electric machines.
G F Card.

Conduit for electrical condmtors, under-
ground. .T F Comrnings.

Conveyer. C S Schem k.

Cork board, mctliod ot and apparatus for
manufacturing '1. '1’ A Weber.

Corset busk stay. H G Stiebel, .Jr.

Cott -n »>peners, evening mechanism for. J
C Potter.

Crane. F B Gritlith.

Cultivator. W W Cox.

Curtain stretcher rod and guide attachment
iiooK, car. A Schulte.

Cuspidor, statimiary. (> W Smith.

Decorticating cliina glass, etc , machine for.
J A Lac<*te.

Dental vulcani/er. J II Beeln'o.

Dfurick, hay elevating. D Ogilvie.

Distillation, apiiaratus for continuous. R A
Chesebrough.

Door opener and closer. G Ri.schmuller.

Door operating device. G lliscbuinu Her.

Draft equalizer. N II Roberts.

Dynanlo regulator, automatic. II D
Symmes.

Kdger, bevel. S II Raiulall.

Kgg case, folding. O W McNeiU.

Elastic washer. W lleiser.

Electric currents into altermiting currents.
aj)]iaratus f<ir transforming continuous. F
S F Schneitler.

Electric heater. T W Young.

Hectric light supjHjrt. W II ('oiinell.

Electric meter. GD Raab.

Electri<‘ wire coui»ling. (’ K Hall and W B

Liliard.

Electrical distribution, system of. G West-
inghouse, Jr.

Electrical testing switch. 11 Smith.
Electricity for light an«l jHiwer purposes, ap-
paratus for supplying. M Kohn
Electrodes, producing. 1) G Fit/ Gerald.
Electrolytic purposes, tank or cell for. F E
and A S PJmore.

Electrotyping, inacliine for making wax
forms for. C M Eetz.

Elevator safety appliance. M CFulleulove.
Elevators, swivel spout for. D Robinson.
End gate, wagon. F F Varing.

Exercising machine. R II Bath.

Explo.sive comiiouml. G .1 Buecliert.
Eyeglasses. G W Beiinum.

Farm gate. A Gano.

Fenc<‘, farm. G Russell.

Fence ratchet, wire. J E Betz.

Fertilizers, making. C Weigelt.

Fiber from agaves, etc., maciiiue for extract-
ing. E Sami)er.

Filter. H Eisner.

Filter. D Jones and C Test.

I'^ilter. G W Rafter.

Filtering aj'jiaratus. W Oliphant.

Fire alarm system. J W White.

Fishing jig. J K Bacon.

Fohling box. G H Savac-ool.

Funiigator. E G Horne.

Furniture cover holiiing <levice. P J IMay-
ent.

Game apj)aratus. C F Burtis.

Game or puzzle, combination. W T Carter.
Garment pattern, a<ljustiblo. H M Lam-
bright.

Garment siijiporter. W A Stephen.

Giis burner safety attachment. 11 Esch-
weiler.

Gas meter, dry. E IMcGrady.

Ghi>s for skyiiglits, etc. J II Croskey and
J Locke.

Glass structure. EW Cuuningliam.

<ilove fastener. F F Raynnind, 'Jd.
Granulating mill. TA Weber.

Grate bar. E W Selinaiitz.

Grinder, knife or si«dvle. H G Deane.

Gun, folding magazine. A Burgess.

Gun, magazine. ,T M Browning.

Harvester, corn. W K Ligg(*tt.

Harvester sheaf carrier and duniiior. S D
Locke, .Jr.

Hay press. J A Stokeley.

Hod. A G Brandt aixi F M Spencer.
Hoistingand conveying aiiiiarafns, bucket.
T F Moore.

Horse i iiecking tlevicc. J Davie.

Horses from vdiicles in motion, safety tie-
vice for detaching. I Briggs.

Hydrocarbon motor, J II Knight.
Hydrometer II S Keating.

Insulator. C N Hauimoml.

Iron, carburizing. J Meyer.

Journal bearing, antifriction. T Voegtli.
Kimb attachment. C F Doebler.

Knob attarliment. H M Newington.

Lace clipping machine. C II Wilcox and J
Range.

Ladder, extension. 1\I B Monroe.

Lanqi, electric arc. R H Jahr.

Laniji hoMer, electric. F 0 Farwoll.

Lamp shade. II Ilohenstein.

Latch and lock combined. N II Cidwell.
Laundry iroii,bt)X. G W Potter and J C
Hewitt.

Leather splitting machine. SlI Ramlall.
Locomotive boiler. E C Jordon.

Looms, Jacquartl apparatus for. T Halton.
Lumber gage. H H Britt.

L\nig power tester and develoiier. J R
Hanlon.

Magazine camera. A A E\)ircd.

Magazine camera. J F Parsons.

Mailing tube, G V McIntyre.

IMantal, sheet metal. J Graves.

]\Iarhle, manufacture of artiticia!. L Nathan.
Pleasuring <levice, cloth. W E Clarke.
Measuring tank. G .Tames.

Pletal sheets, apparatus for coating. G Rus-
sell.

Milking machines, teat enp for. A Shiels.
Model, folding or Cidlaj'sihle. F i’ Krantz.
Motor generator. J C llenry.

Needle threader. (■ 8 Goldman.

Net, landing. A Holmes.

Nipple bolder. J Canuey.

Non conducting handle. V G B’arwell.

Nut lock. W M Duane and E A l*eck.

Nut luck. D M Bbilton.

Nut lock. B Porter.

Nut lock, rail brace and ti«‘ plate, comhiuod.
C \V and (.) P Page.

Organ sheath, mouth. H C Boetticher.
Packing, piston rod 2. J Lister.

Paper cases for enclosing cigarettes, ai)pa.
ratus for making. R I)aUon and H II
Wills.

Paving roller, heated. W B] Dennison.
Pencil lead. J A Cook,

Plumograph return carriage. H Ihieschen.
Plmnograplis, coin released actuating me-
chanism tor. G T Wahlron.

Phonograph mounts, device for cutting
car<ls with beveled eilges for. B McHugli.
Piano fortes, keyboard attachment for. P
Sohlik.

Pick o. J Z G<.)blens.

Pitchforks, manufacture of. E’ S Kretsinger.
Planter, cotton. J Harper and E^ Clingfast.
Plow, double stock. J T Barber.

Pole attachment, vehicle. B' Queiszer.

Pole, carriage. N L Holmes.

Pressure brake mechanism, automatic tluid.
11 Guels.

Pressure regulator. B^ V Matton.

Purse frame. S Nathan.

Ratliator. L II Prentice and G Mehring.
Radiator coupling. T C Joy.

Railway, cable. N D Polites.

Railway motor, street. W H II Stinenian.
Railway signal, electrical. L Dornberger.
Railway supply system. J F (’ommings.
Railway su|)ply system, electric. M Wheless.
Railway switch. 8 H Crampton.

Railway switch, automatically operated. G
W CariK?nter.

Railway tie plate, D S<*rvis.

Railway track sander. W G Miildleton.
Railw'ays, electric danger signal for. A B
lilurray.

Razor strop. F R and 0 Kampfe.

Reclining chair. A Hackman.

Regenerative furnace. W Swindell.

Retort, inclined. KM Mitchell.

Retorts, bench for inclined. K M Mitchell.
Retorts, device for removing can hoMing
crates from. W W Abbott and J Gn*en.
Revolver, double barreled. C vun Pecker*
Rock drill. W II Dixon.

Rolling mill coujding device. 8 M Giiss.
Rotary engine. K Billing.

Rotary steam engine, R N Ink.

Safe. G J II Goehler.

Sash fastener. I' H Balcom.

Sash fastener. L (J I\liller.

Sash lift and ventilator. T A Blanchard.
Saw mill carriages, automatic ollset meclian-
ism for. G BBvidge.

Screw' driver, auger and countersink, comhi-
nation. A McDougall.

Scrubbing machine. A An.

Seal . Bj j Brooks.

Seal, snap. E J Biooks.

Scats, protector for exposed. G H S Fai rant.
Sewin < machine attachment. W S Sonle.
Sewing machine, shoe. 10 10 Boan.

Sewing machine sliuttle. G BO Wilkinson,
Shade atljuster, window. BO W Smith and E
II Miller.

Shade fixture, window'. W T lOstherg.

Sheet metal vessels, attaching luindles to.

G W Knap}>.

Shoe. L Kregel.

Sickle sections, method of and machine f*»r
serrating. M Gindorfi.

SiftiT. C P lOichler.

Sign. E Bohm.

Sofa and bed, combined. B T Lawton.
Spinning and doubling cops of cotton. T
and J Seed.

Spring motor. J F Seiberling.

Sprocket w heel. W A Leggo. Jr.

Stave jointing machine. I A Kerr.

Steam boiler, sectional. A Worthington.
Steam generator section. T L and 'J J
Sturtevant.

Street sweeper. C Fisher.

Street sweeper. W L Tobey.

Stretcher. S N Hiser,

Striking hag. C A B\)r8herg,

Stump extracter. A J Smith.

Subway system, electrical. J C Reilly.
Surgical chair. W M Lottridge.

Syringe. CJTagliabue.

Tablet, writing. J Kostner.

Telegraph, printing. R A Fowden.
Telephone apparatus, coin contixdled. B C
WolvertoD.

Thill coupling. C M Stevens.

Thrashing machine. F W Robinson.
Tongue support. L Blven and J T Crowe.
Toy cannon. 0 M Van Bureu.

Tmce carrier. Bi D Melancon.

Trench machine. J L Potter.

Trestle. T F Moore.

'I'nick, glass carrying. K M Roberts.

Type writing machine. J Keirany Bolado.
Type w riting machine. W Sears.

Ihiibrella lock. N B Whitfield.

Valve. J Walsh, Jr.

Valve, liydranlic. T H Lee.

Valve mechanism for lavatory apparatus. J
W Hale.

Valve motion, li' Lamplough.

Wagons, device for attaching hay loaders to.

M B' Standtmuller.

Washboard. W H Osmer.

Water heater. B] C Hall.

Water heater and stove, combined portable.

W C Dickerson.

Water, j)urifying. T Craney.

Water return system. G A Jencks and G
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STANTON’S STRAINING POT.

Pat. February 18, 1890.

No. Patent 421,777.

Thi.s device combines a vessel into which liquids
may be poured or drawn, the operation of .straining
and measuring being accompli.shed at the same time.
A cut <.>f the receptacle g'ives a clear idea of the con-
structi(.m. The body of the pot is cylindrical in
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to afford means to measure the contents. A funnel
strainer is seated within the toj) of the pot, so that
licpiids are guided as well as strained as they enter.
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handy reach t(j close the spout, thus keeping all dust or itisects from entering.
This Straining Pot should find a place in families, drug stores, liquor dealers,
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REGISTERED

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KSXIM^TKS KU1^XIHHKI3

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attention.

FREDERICK CARL,

Successor to E. II. Hkadfokd.

Model Maker,

Expert in Perfect Working Models,

Designing-, DrafliiiL’' and Perfect Work-
ing Models for Inventors. Models made
from sketches. Patent Office drawings
or home-made models. Duplicates made
of Patent Office models for law suits in
case of infringement. Paterns made
from wood and metal. Manufacturing
of Novelties.

711 0 Street, opposite XJ. S. Patent Office,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

estadeisiied 1x57.

W. W. KIMBALL CO.

manufacturers of

PIANOS AND ORGANS,

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60 Organs Daily. CHICAGO. 20 Pianos Daily

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The Largest Line of Machinery
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(Established 1855.)

Constructor of Light Machinery, Experimental
and Model Work.

All orders for Certified Duplicates of Patent
Office Models, and Models of any Foreig-n Pat-
ents from Drawings and Specilicatioiis. filed in
the Library of the Patent Office for law suits in
case of infringement: also. Original Modelsfor
Inventors, and Models to complete aiiplication
for Patents, from Drawings and Specilicatioiis
tiled in the Patent Office.

731 7tli Street, N. W., AVashington, D. C.

Wm. MacKENZIE &. CO.,

Contractors in Stone Work.

Estimates Cheerfully Furnished.

S. W. Cor. N. J. Ave. and R Street, N. AA'.
AAUVSHINGTON, D. C.

(lATCHEL&TOMPKIXS,

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418 12th STREET, N. W.,

\vashix<;t«»x, 1). c.

(J UOHGE: FMILTGl f.

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1424 loth Street, iie;ir P St., X.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Repairing- a specialty. All work guaranteed.

Shoes to
measure, $5.

Wr wiil mal<<- l<* . <»ur nie.i-ur<- a
K’U''xei or Hlack Shnr in anv •'liajve
or slylr yon may 'Srk-cl for~.‘. Wi-
guara iitee lt*al her. worlv ma iH h i ]» a ml
til. A'ou can't buy it any 4 livap*-r
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WILSON,

929 F Street.

ALSITE SOLDER

i'< >1?

ALUMINUM.

I)oes not tlisinteL’‘ratu. The IJult j<jint can he
rolled, hammered, or drawn. I'lill particulars
on a]>i>lication. ALSITE ALUMINUM CD.,
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The Best Kind
of an Investment.

The]>riceof large ti iiiber tracts in the Stnilh
has increased ^oo per cent in the last six years..
Will increase more rapidly as tracts grow
scarcer.

The I nterstale Land Dureaii, room 4i). Nation-
al Union Huikliiig. Washington, D. C.. has for
sale over 1,5<X>.i1dd acres of timber land, in tracts
from ID.OUD to 3riG,000 acres, in Kentucky. North
Carolina. Florida. Alabama. Georgia, Louisiana
and Texas. Prices from 51 to per acre.

Also land for colonies in Southern Maryland,
A'irginia, Alabama and (reorgia. Good unini-
prov4*d farming land in Alabama and treorgia.
easy of access to markets, from 52to53peracre.

Also coal land in Tennessee, Kentucky and
West A'irginia.

A1s4i cheap farms in A’irginia and ^Maryland,
and choice gold mining properties in A’irginia,
Maryland. North Carolina and Georgia.

Also choice properties for large or small in-
vestors in and about WashiiiLfb'n. Thv Bureau
has reliable agents in London and Anisierdam.

AV3I. EIXiAli IHXJEKS,

See’y and (xeii’I Alunager.

Attorney and Counsellor at Law,

.Alc<;ill liuildiiig, IXbS St., N. AV.,

WASHINtUJ'ON. D. C.

Practices in the Supreme Cimrt of the United
States, the Court of Claims am! the several
Courts of the District of Columbia. Has had
eight years experience in the Argument of
J’ateiit and other cases before the Courts, repro-
seiiiing the Gonervment.

NOW READY.

An Entirely Ne'w and Practical
Work on Patents.

Including the Law and Practice of Cases
in the United States Patent Office
and the Courts Holding a Revisory
Relation Thereto. Also, an Appen-
dix of Copyright Decisions, Etc., by
GEORGE H. KNIGHT.

I. Thu Patent Franchise.

II. DecisidUs Relating to Patents for Inveu-
lions.

III. Decisions Relating to Patents for Ik'signs.
lA’'. Decisions Relating to Trade-marks and

Labels.

A P 1 ’ IC N D I X A . Copyrights.

AP1*ENDTX B. Foreign Patents.

Table of Cases,

One A'ol. 8vo. Ltivv Slu*ep. Pri<*e s^.A.OO net.

LITTLE, BROWN 31 COMPtiNY,

PUBLISHERS.

254 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON.

THE INVENTIVE AQE

192

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Eight Leading Governments.

Best Anti=Friction fletal

• 9

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Suo-ar-Mill, Flour-Mill and all Machinery Bearin'/^

Magnolia . . . .
ETAL COMPANY.

Owners and Sole Manufacturers.

Ooi’lljiinlt St., ]V. V.

London Office : 75 Queen Victoria St.

Chicago Office: 51 Traders Building.

Announcement.

I desire to announce to all niy old friends and patrons
that the removal of the Standard Engraving Com-
RANY, with which 1 have been connected, in no way
interferes with business at the old stand. 1 have with-
drawn from the Standard, and will continue in the busi-
ness. 1 have put in an entire new plant, includins^' all
the latest machinery and appliances for executiipy the
tinest work known to the Engraver’s art.

HALF T0N[, im AND COPPER ETCHING ANO RELIEF LINE WORK.

All first-class and executed promptly at reasonable rates.

tV"" naurice Joyce.

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PATENT

LAWYERS,

Solicitors and Experts.

602 F St., Washington, I). C.

Established 1861.

Keferences ; Dr. Jas. C. WdlliiLr, Prusiduiit
Columbian Uiiiversiiy, Wa'-liiiiirlon. D. C.;
Roll. Johti T. Morj^’aii, Hon. John T. Heard,
tien. W. S. Kosecrans and many others.

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E. C. GILL, Manager,

Washington Lime and Cement Company,

Wholesale and Retail Healers in Linu*. l^las-
ter, Anlietani and I*orlland Cemenlv, Flue
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sale and Retail. Lime and Antietam Ce-
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Pays Interest t>u Heposits. Has for sale Sc-
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CAPITAL, $1,000,000.

Cull uiul s,'r nr write." In US.

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JNO. A. SWOJ’Ii. Jd Vici"-Pn"s.
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ENGRAVING AND PRINTING.

BLANK BOOKS MADE TO ORDER.

MlCKCANTir.E Stationekv.
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T.ags and Gum Babels.
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Photo=Lithographing

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Ohio National Bank Building, Washington, D. C.

Par value of shares$10(), and the luflder draw.s that amount in cash at matu-
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in advance. (.)n the latter r(Ls7/ if/z'/Jr/Zi/s are semi-annually, a/ ()

fu'r coit per amuini on the amount paid in the tirst t\v() years and 8 per cent
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si.x months with 0 per cent and after two years with 8 per cent. Uncxceiled
us a mei/iod of saving small or in^'csting large sums.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.

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GEO. S. nOKEMUS. FRANK C. JUST

DOREMUS & JUST,

414 Eleventh St., Star Building,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Model Makers, Manufacturers of Patented

Novelties and Electric Supplies.

All kinds Screw machine work. Bicycles built to order, repaired, nickle plated
and enameled wdth baked enamel. Gold, Silver, Nickle, Copper and Bronze Plater.

Oliaiitleliox's Rcl'iiiisliocl in tlic T-.fitcst Styles.

Out of town work solicited.

% ^mw\3A!v^

^2::::i:yfljQUH^f^

AND SCI^_

mw

Fifth Year. I
No. lo. \

WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER, 1894.

j Single Copies lo Cents.
I $i Per Year.

THE POWER OF NIAGARA.

Interesting Data Regarding the Great Work of the
Niagara Falls Power Company.

Throug"!! the kindness of the Van'Denhergh Labor-
atorj' of Chemical Industry, Buff alo, Th?; Invkntive
Age is enabled to present herewith the most com-
prehensive illustration of the great work of obtain-
ing and ulitizing' power from the falls of Niag-ara
that has yet been published.

For the data concerning Niagara Falls, we are in-

of the river would be continued at its present rate
for 100 3’ears — if^ie lakes could be g'radually drained.
Such is the never failing reservoir from which the
Niagara Falls Power Company proposes to draw
its supply.

The Companv has acquired 1600 acres of land
stretching to a point five miles easterlj' and three
miles northerly from the Falls. Of this 1071 acres
are intended to be devoted to mill-sites for manufac-
tories.

The Niag-ara Development C<jmpany — a sub-Com-
pany to provide homes for the operatives has jmr-
chased 340 acres of land, 83 acres of which are al-

penstocks to the turbines and is discharged into a
channel at the bottom of the wheel-])it, from which
it flows into the main tunnel and is returned to Niag-
ara River at the portal just below .the ujjper suspen-
sion bridge.

The wheel-pit (cut into the solid rock) is 178 feet
deep, 21 feet wide and at jjresent is 140 feet long-,
When it is continued to its full length as jjlanned,
it will provide for ten inlets and be about 400 feet
long.

The work of construction was commenced by
Kog-ers N Clement, of New York, the contractors,
October 4, 1890, The tunnel is lined throug-hout with

bIRbS-EYE VIEW OF NIAGARA FALLS, SHOWING THE WORK OF THE CATARACT CONSTRUCTION COMPANY.

debted to William A. Brackenridg-e, resident engi-
neer, Cateract Construction Company ;

The water surface of the great lakes, (excepting
Lake Ontario) is 84,000 square miles. Water-shed of
same, 240,000 square miles — more than twice the
area of Great Britain and Ireland, Length of shore-
line, 5,000 miles. Volume of water, 6000 cubic miles
— of which Lake Superior contains a little less than
one half. Rate of out-ffow at Buffalo, 217,000 to
275,000 cubic feet per second, Niagara Falls is 23
miles below Lake Erie and 14)4 miles above Lake
Ontario, Fall, 165 feet — depth of water just below
Falls, 189 feet (plus)

The volume of water in the lakes is such that it
has been estimated that, even if no rain fell, the flow

read3’ improved bj^ houses, stores, a school-house,
streets, water, and a double svstem of sewers lead-
ing to the sewage disposal works.

Total water power of the Falls, 7,000,000 horse-
power.

Amount to be used, 125,000 horse-power.

The canal ; “The main canal is protected against
floating- ice bj" having its entrance directed down-
stream, and bj' a floating boom fastened to iron piers
at its mouth.

The canal is 1,300 feet long, 100 to 130 feet wide,
and the depth of water will average 12 feet. The
greatest velocity' of flow in the canal wfill be 4,17
feet per second, when a sufficient amount is being
fed to the turbines to produce 100,000 horse-power.
From this inlet canal the water is led through steel

vitrified brick— a total of over 13,000,000 being used
in the construction.

The mills of the Niagara Falls Paper Company
(the larg'-est in the world) are being- operated by hy-
draulic power from the inlet, and a concrete subway*
five feet six inches by three feet ten inches is ready
for the wires, which are to suppL' 6,000 electrical
horse-power to the Pittsburgh Reduction "Works,
and thence bj' poles to Buffalo. ,

Three turbines of 5,000 horse-power each are al-
readj' in position, and the djmamos are nearl\' read\'
to be placed.

The tunnel is 7,250 feet long, 14 to 18 feet wide and
21 feet high. The grade is 36 feet to the mile, and
the tunnel passes 200 feet under the city of Niagara
Falls — as indicated in the illustration.

194

THE INVENTIVE AQE

Establisliecl 1889.

INVENTIVE AGE PUBLISHING CO.,

8tl» and ll Sts., Washington, 1).

Alex. S. Capehart. Marshall H. Jewell.

The Inventive Age is sent, postajre prepaid, to any address
in the United States, Canada or Mexico for $1 a .rear; to any
other countrt', postai*’e prepaid, $1.50. All subscriptions stopped
at expiration of term.

Correspondence with inventors, nieclianics. manufacturers,
scientists and others is invited. The columns of this journal are
open for the discussion of such subjects as are of j>‘oneral interest
to its readers.

Technical matter is particular^’ desired. We want practical
information from practical men.

Nothinjr will be published in the editorial columns for pa}’.

The Inventive Age is thorouerhi.v independent, and has no
alliance with any patent attorney’ or ]>atent bureau. It is the
friend of the inventor and the American manufacturer.

Adverti^ine* rates made known on application. Special facil-
ities for furnishiiif,'- cuts of any ])atented article together with
descriptive article. Ilusiness specials 25 cents a line each inser-
tion, 7 w<n'ds to the line. No advertisement less than 50 cents.

Address all coniniunicatioiis to The Inventive Age, Wash-
ing-ton, D. C.

Entered at the Postoffice in Washington as second-class matter.

WASHINGTON, D. C., OCTOBER, 1894.

Fukthkk tests have clemotistrated the inipracti-
cabilitj' of the Dowe bullet-proof coat. In the first
place the ^-reat weig-ht would make the soldier not
only clumsy, but fatigued, and in the second place it
has been demonstrated that the material is not en-
tirely bullet-proof.

That great monopoly, the Standard Oil Trusty
having monopolized the oil trade in America recent-
I3' neg-otiated with the Russian authorities looking-
to a division of the world’s suppU^ of oil. It is now
reported that the Russian Minister of Finance has
arbitrarilj' ordered all negotiations off.

From the latest ligures obtainable it is discovered
that the average freig-ht rate in the United States is
less than in anj' other country. The average per ton
per mile in Europe is 2-02 cents, while in the United
States it is but 1-22 cents, Switzerland presents the
highest rate, 3-36, followed bj' Norway" with a rate of
3 cents.

The: thirteenth annual meeting of the American
Street Railway Association at Atlanta, Ga., October
17-20, promises to be the most interesting- conven-
tion the Association has ever held. A large number
of manufacturers and dealers in street car appliances
will make an exhibit in Machinery Hall and a g-reat
deal of interest is being taken in the enterprise.

At present prices, under the new reduced tariff, it
is possible for England made steel rails to be laid
down at Gulf points for $2,5. As this is the present
price of steel rails in Chicago and the freig-ht rates
about $5 per ton to the seaboard, the Iron Age arg'-ues
that “ something must g-ive way,” if the southern
rail trade is to be retained by American manufac-
turers. Lower wag-es and smaller profits is the log-ical
sequence to the new tariff schedule.

The; g'-overnment revenues are now largel_v in ex-
cess of the expenditures and wlnit is true of the gov-
ernment is also, for the fir.st time in many months,
true of thousands of manufacturing'- concerns and
business enterprises. There are unmistakable signs
of improved business activity and it is believed that
no matter what the result of the elections in Novem-
ber may be the “ hard times ” cry will have lost its
terror before the holiday's.

The recent meeting- of the Southern Development
Association wasiiroductiveof at least one act possess-
ing- more than passing- merit. A resolution was
passed endorsing'the.bill, iiending- in Cong-ress, look-
ing'- to the erection of a building'- in Washing-ton for
a permanent exhibition of all the states of the
union. It is a well known fact that a nation is judg-ed
larg-ely by the character of its Capital, and that
cit3' should therefore, not onl}' present the hig'-hest
type of civilization ; should not only be the art.

music and literary center, but here should be ex-
hibited the result of the most enlightened inventive
genius and mechanical and industrial enterprise.

Ai^rangemenT.S have been completed with the
Correspondence School of Mechanics at Scranton,
Pa., to furnish instruction to members of the National
Association of Stationarj' Engineers in all the math-
ematics necessary' for an engineer, i. e., complete
arithmetic, the handling of formuhe, logarithms,
calculation of areas, etc., for $3. This is a special
course prepared for the N. A. S. E., onlj', broug'-ht
about through the efforts of a committee appointed
b3' the Association about a 3'ear ago.

“ The trade prospects are a little brighter,” is the
essence of the numerous replies to a question put
by the Tradesman to a large number of southern
manufacturers in relation to fall business. The
enforced and voluntary idleness of hundreds of
thousands of laboring men during the greater por-
tion of the season finds them on the threshold of
winter long- on hope and short in means. In his
hopefulness for the future the laborer is no less con-
cerned than the owner of idle machiner3'.

The western farmer who is casting around for a
reasoti for the continued low price of wheat will
find it in the fact that the surplus, according to the
most conservative estimates is 75,000,000 bushels
more than the world’s markets demand. No mat-
ter what the political tramp in his perambutations
about the countr3' precincts this fall may say — no
matter what reasoning he ma3' indulg-e in — the
farmer has but to contemplate the fact that more
wheat is being rtiised than the human beings of the
world consume. In this fact lies the cause of 35 to
SO cent wheat in the g-reat wheat ])roducing states
of the northwest.

The thoroughness of the investigation of the
management of the Northern Pacific railway — or-
dered by Judge Jenkins on petition of President
Ives — is only excelled b3' the sweeping vindication
of Thomas F. Oakes, manag'-er and receiver of the
company, in the report recently filed in Milwaukee
b3' Master in Chancer3’ A. L. Care3'. The friends of
Mr. Oakes and of the Northern Pacific S3'stem have
reason to be pleased with these findings, as it justi-
fies and streng-thens their confidence in one of the
most remarkabU' successful and popular railway
officials in the countr3'.. The temporary embarrass-
ment of this great trans-continental railway was
broug'-ht about by causes ante-dating- Mr. Oakes’ con-
nection with the road and entirely beyond his power,
as an official of the road to prevent. In the sagacity
of Mr. Oakes the bondholders of the Northern Pa-
cific have great faith, and the events of the past
two months justif3' the expectation that under his
controlling intluence the stocks of this g-reat rail-
way corporation will, as soon as the industrial con-
ditions of the whole country shall have resumed
their normal position, ag-ain occupy a prominent
position in the list of American securities.

Mekarski Motors in Paris.

The Mekarski system for street railways by means
of compressed air has been adopted on three lines
operated by the General Omnibus Company, of Paris,
according to Engineering. The lines in question
are amongst the most important of the whole Paris
S3'stem, and one, that from the Eouvre to Sevres and
Versailles, has a length of about twelve miles. The
two other lines are 6.3 and 5.7 miles long respective^'.
Trains of three cars, setiting fifty-one persons eacli,
and drawn by a compressed air locomotive, will be
used. The locomotives will be supported on six
wheels, all coupled. They will weigh eig-hteen tons
each, considerable adhesion being required to mount
an incline of 1 in 23, which occurs on the Sevres line,
when towing- three cars, each of which, in the loaded
condition, weighs eight tons. Twenty three of these
locomotives are to be built, of which six will be kept
in reserve. The air pressure to be carried in the
reservoirs will be 1,138 lbs. per square inch, and a
sufficient quantity of air will be carried to enable the
locomotives to run twelve miles without recharging.

The longest reach of railway without a curve is
claimed b3' travelers to be that of the new Argentine
Pacific Railway, from Buenos Ayres to the foot of
the Andes. For 211 miles it is without a curve, and
has no cutting or embankment deeper than 2 or 3 ft.

The “ Foreign Patent ” Humbug.

In an article reviewing our Patent System and set-
ting forth its advantages over that of other coun-
tries Mr. Emil Starek, in the “ Age of Steel,” calls
particular attention to the feature of protection and
comparative validity of patents granted. The pre-
liminar3' step in this countr3' requires that the in-
ventor submit “ a written description” of his inven-
tion or discovery, called a specification, and the
same must describe “the manner and process of
making-, constructing, compounding and using,”
an invention or discovery and must be “ in such
full, clear, concise atid exact terms as to enable any
person skilled in the art or science to which it ap-
pertains, or with which it is most nearl3' connected,
to make, construct, compound and use the same ;
and in case of machine he shall explain the princi-
ple thereof, and the best mode in which he has con-
templated applying that principle, so as to distin-
guish it from other inventions ; and he shall partic-
ularly point out and distinctly claim the part, ini-
pro-<^ement or combination which he claims as his
invention or discov'er3'. The specification and the
claim shall be signed b3' the inventor and attested
b3' two witnesses.” These are the provisions of
section 4888 R. S.

Mr. Starek theti calls attention to the fact that in
this country the merits of an invention may be sub-
mitted to four different tribunals. First the speci-
fications are examined by “ examiners ” and if their
decision be adverse to the applicant he may appeal
to a board known as “Examiners in-Chief.” From
this l)oard the case can be taken to the Commis-
sioner of Patents and finally to the Supreme Court
of the District of Columbia. “Under the English
system,” continues the writer, “ there is no such
system of examination. Patents are granted for
ever3'thing that is applied for (that is, after comply-
ing with the necessary statutory provisions), and
the value thereof is subsequently ascertained by liti-
gation in the courts. The German system is anal-
ogous to ours in that there is a preliminary exami-
nation. In France the patents are delivered “with-
out previous examination, at the risk and peril of
the ajjplicants, and without guarantee either as to
the realit3', novelty or merit of the invention, or the
accuracy or exactness of the specification.” Again,
under our system, we have no such statutory condi-
tions imposed on our inventors, nor burdened with
heavy fees and annual tax as are practiced in other
countries.”

The September number of The Inventive Age
contained an excellent article from the pen of George
G. Turri, the well known Australian patent attor-
ney, in which the writer called the attention of in-
ventors to the “ legalized piracy ” recognized by
English laws and in substance warning them of the
danger of delay in taking out patents in that coun-
try after the publication of their patent grant in
the United States.

In the lig-ht of these warnings it is not surprising
that inventors everywhere are inquiring how it is
that alleged Patent Attorneys and Patent Brokers
are advertising- to obtain, for various considerations
— frequently for a fee much less than is considered
legitimate and proper by the profession generally —
valid patents in Great Britain, Germany, France
and other countries, after publication in this country.

Is the inventor being humbugged ? Is he being
asked to pa3' for patents of doubtful validity ? Are
these Patent Brokers reall3' working in his behalf,
or are they obtaining “ advance fees ” under false
representations ? These are (juestions the wise in-
ventor will not only propound before he bites at the
baits offered, but will see that satisfactory and con-
clusive answers are obtained.

Many inventors are being- misled by the seductive
literature sent out by Patent Brokers, who first gain
the confidence of the inventor by impressing him
with the value of his invention and then hold out to
him the glaring possibility of effecting a sale —
through them, of course — in foreign countries, if he
will at once procure “provisional protection” —
through them, of course — for fees represented as in-
sig-nificant, but which the inventor finds, in due
time were quite ample for the benefits secured.

THK INVENTIVE A.OE.

195

NOTES AND NEWS.

Steam Power of the AVorkl.— It is said the
world’s steam eng-ines aggregate more than 26,000,-
000 horse-power, etpiivalent approximatel3’ to the
work of 1,000,000,000 men.

* * *

Branding' Cattle by Electricity.— In Australia
horses and cattle are now being branded bj' electri-
city from storage batteries. The temperature is uni-
form and the brand safe and artistic.

* »

Paper Tires for Bicycles. — It is said a bicycle
tire made of paper, stuffed with hair, is now being
made that excels the rubber or pneumatic tire in
every respect. While the life of a rubber tire is
onU' two seasons it is said the new paper tires will
last four seasons.

* * »

Largest Steel Plate Ever Boiled. — A press
dispatch states that the Wellman Iron and Steel
Works, Chester, Pa., turned out on September 6th,
the largest steel plate ever rolled. It is a rudder
plate for one of the new American L,ine steamers
being built at Cramps, and is 450 inches long, 130
inches wide, inches thick.

* * *

Kapid Cable Laying. — The first Atlantic tele-
graph cable took some twelve j'ears for its success-
ful laying. The last cable, which was laid in July
last took just fourteen daj's for the work, and it was
a 50 per cent heavier cable than the original cable.
This last one makes twelve cables in the North At-
lantic now in operation.

*

Electrical Mirage. — A French Academy' paper
by Mr. Berger, published in “L’Elec.,” September
8th, describes and discusses a lightning discharge
of great magnitude noticed recently in Prague ; he
mentions a photograph, which, however, is not re-
produced ; there were six distinct bolts which struck
four buildings simultaneouslj’ ; a curious phenomena
shown on the photograph is that the shadow of the
cupola of a building was projected on the sk_v.

* * *

Electricity’s Possibilities.— Of the possibilities
and probabilities of electricitj', the prospectus of a
proposed “ national school of electricitj',” to be es-
tablished at Chicago under the auspices of Edison
and a number of other eminent electricians, saj’s :
“ More than $800, 000,000 is emploj’ed in electrical
pursuits todaj', and these figures are 'being increased
at the rate of §100,000,000 annuallv. Within a de-
cade nine-tenths of the steamboating, railroading,
canal hauling, illumination, domestic lighting, heat-
ing, cooking, factory operation, mining and ma-
chinery' will be done by electricity. There are also
many applications of electricity' y'et in an unde-
veloped state. Electricity' is the most promising
field in civilization today.”

X * *

Sbip Kailway on tlic Columbia Kiver. — An

appropriation of §150,000 has been made by' Congress
for the preliminary' work on a ship railway' to be
constructed through the Dalles, on the Columbia
River, in Oregon. The car that will be used will be
40 to 50 ft. in breadth, and long enough to carry' ves-
vels that can steam up the river, which in the spring
mouths, when the water is high, will allow a draft
of about 14 ft. The car will be sunk under water
and the vessel floated over it ; the car will then be
raised b v a hy'draulic lift some 70 ft. above the water
level to the height of the land track and the car run
upon it. This land trick will consist of four or five
railway tracks of standard gauges, and there will be
no curves sharper than 2°.

X * *

To Generate Natural Gas. — Some time ago a
theory' was evolved by William Heckert, of Findlay',
Ohio, which if the test about to be made in the
“abandoned gas wells region” is successful will
work a revolution in that section. Mr. Heckert’s
scheme is to force air, by' powerful pumps, down into
the gas-bearing rocks, which it will permeate, and
thereby' become infused with the active properties of
the gas itself. It is contended that as now burned
for fuel, the natural gas requires an admixture of
nine parts of air to one part of gas, and that this
mixing can as well be done in the earth as in the
stove or in the furnace where it is burned. The
great trouble in the gas region is not so much the de-
crease in the volume of gas as the decrease in the
pressure. This has fallen off in a large portion of
the Ohio field, from 400 lbs., at which it started, to
40 to 80 lbs., and this is found to be insufficient to
convey the gas from the wells through the sy'stem of
pipes to the point of consumption. The friction takes
up all the initial pressure. By' Heckert’s process

this lost pressure will be re-established. His air
pumps, constantly' at work, will force enough air
down one hole to create a pressure sufficient to force
the remaining gas, mixed with the air, out of several
other holes, and give it a strong initial pressure in
the pipes. The gas thus formed or charged with air
will be ready' for burning with little additional mix-
ture of air at the point of combustion. It is also
claimed by' Heckert that air thus pumped down into
the rock and passing over and through the pools of
oil which are now almost univ'ersal in the Trenton
rock in this section will take up the volatile gas of
the oil and force it up the convenient wells ready'
for use.

To Divide an Angle in Three Equal Parts.

Construction: Eet a b c he. the given angle. De-
scribe a circle with b as a center. Draw b d as a
prolongation of ab. Bisect abc and cbd and pro-
duce the bisector of a b c till more than twice the
radius over the vertex. Mark on a straight line the

X

Sijifii: h = Aiig'le.

])oints o Jy q in distances equal to radius. Take the
line through point c, point q to fall in the line be,
point p in the arc /d, point o in the prolongation of

abc

the bisector. Take f a Lo=La—Lc=

3

Proof: Take and bp=op=ba=bni (equal
to radius), bin op is a rhombus and abpo is an
isosceles trapezoid; each base makes equal angles
.uith the legs, consq. La=Lo. Same thing can be
done on the opposite side, gives : La=Lo=Lc.
a b g is an exterior angle to triangle a b o ; an exter-
ior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of the
two opposite interior angles, consq. abg=bao-\-boa ;
but go is the bisector of Lb and Lo, consq:

Lb ■ Lo

L a b g= and Lb o a= and now

s o

b Lo ^ Lo ^

L — = 1- La = Le -\

Lb — La -|- 1^0 4- Lc ; but La — I^o = I^c, consq :
abc

La = Lo = J..C—

3

Good crat dcinonstrandiuin.

Emu, CHKI.STIANI.

Books and flagazines.

The Inventive Age is pleased to note the fact
that “Science,” the New York magazine that found
it necessary' to suspend publication in March last,
has perfected arrangements for starting up again,
under a plan of co-operation with the American As-
sociation for the Advancement of Science.

X ^ X

The Photographic Times, is the name of a New
York publication devoted to the art, science and ad-
vancement of photography'. Its illustrations are of
the highest order and the ty'pographical appearance
is unexcelled.

XXX

“ The Untempered Wind,” a novel by Joanna E.
Wood, a y'oung Canadian author, is now ready' for
publication by' J. Selwin Tait & Sons. This is Miss
Wood’s first book and competent critics declare it to
be fully' entitled to rank with the masterpieces of
the century — with, for instance, Charlotte Bronte's
first work and with the “Scarlet Letter” of Haw-
thorne. This book, however, is unique in itself and
in its subtle analy'sis of village life and its vivid and
accurate portray'al of character and also of the depths
of cruelty' to which the gentle sex will on emergency'
descend, it is unequalled in modern fiction.

The .New American Liners.

Some of the details of the construction of the new
ships, St. Louis and St. I’aul, building for the
American line, at the shipyard of the Wm. Cramp A:
Sons’ Ship and Engine Building Company', together
with copious extracts from the paper read by' Mr.
Charles H. Cramp Ijefore the American Society of
Naval Architects and Marine Engineers at its first
session in November last, together with a side view
of the St. Louis, appeared in the New York Times,
recently, occupy'ing three full columns. The
statement is there made that the St. Louis will prob-
ably' launch about October 19th, the St. Paul follow-
ing about two months later, and that both will go
into commission next spring in time for the summer
travel of next season. The following are interesting
facts regarding these two v'essels :

They' are each more than one-tenth of a mile long.
That is to say, if one of them were placed upon any'
of our avenues it would extend bey'ond two blocks,
including the intervening streets. Twenty y'ears
ago a three thousand-ton ship was an exceptionally'
large vessel. Between these two monsters, as they'
stand today', there is upon the stocks a three thous-
and-ton ship which in comparison seems no larger
than an ordinary' tug boat. Twelve six foot men
standing upon one another's heads would not reach
from the ground to the main deck. The stairway's
erected for climbing up their sides have 140 steps be-
tween the earth and the level of the main deck.
Standing upon the forecastle the observer finds him-
self considerably' above the roof of a six-story' build-
ing ; while to look down over the side produces the
dizzy' sensation of peering over a precipice. Con-
templated from over the taft'rail, the cruiser Minne-
apolis and the battle shijis Indiana and Massachusetts
ly'ing in the adjacent docks, large vessels all of them,
shrink into comparatively insignificant proportions.
□ Accommodations will be provided for about 1,500
passengers, of which 350 will be first cabin, 200 sec-
ond cabin, and 900 steerage. The arrangements of
berths and saloons and the fittings and decorations
will be the embodiment of American ideas as to com-
fort and attraction, and will differ in material re-
spects from the prevailing sty'le of European built
steamships.

The advent of these ships will enable the Ameri-
can line to fulfill its contract with our government,
under the Mail Subsidy' Act of 1892, whereby' each
ship will receive something more than twelve thous-
and dollars for each trip, upon a basis of four
dollars per mile for each mile covered on the
outward voy'age. This is the highest class subsidy'
provided for under that act, and requires an average
sjieed of twenty knots an hour to be made under the
test provided for bv the government. The Paris
and New York will also carry' the mails under this
law, so that the company' will receive about fifty'
thousand dollars per month for their mail service, or
at an average of six hundred thousand dollars an-
nually' for a weekly service of twenty' knot ships.

In this connection the following extract from Mr.
Cramp’s paper read last November will be read with
interest :

“The conditions of the mail contract between the
Government and the International Navigation Com-
pany' place at the disposal of the navy' seven great
ships, almost instantly' convertible into commerce
destroy'ers, averaging greater performance than the
Columbia and Minneapolis. This practically rein-
forces the navy' by' §21,0(10,000 worth of ships and that
not only' without cost of building, but also without
the expense of maintenance and commission in time
of peace. From this point of view, the policy' of the
International Navigation Company', of which these
ships are the result, appeals to the best and loftiest
public sense. It is more than a mere commercial en-
terprise. It is as bold a stroke of national ambition
and patriotic aspirations as was ever made. It aims
at achievements, the beneficial results of which will
be felt in everv household throughout our broad
land.”

Unsuccessful “ Self=Electrocution.”

Charles C. Hoffman, a Chicago tinsmith, has been
out of employ'inent for some time, and to add to his
misery', he said he was jilted by' Kate Gallagher.
He wanted to die. He chose the arc light in front of
No. 59 Halstead street and dragging several empty'
boxes from a neighboring store and piling them one
on the other, he erected a platform from which he
could reach the carbons of the lamp. He did so
and was thrown a distance of fifteen feet, tipping
the boxes to one side as he fell in a heap on the pave-
ment. Two police officers who witnessed the act
called a patrol wagon and Hoffmati was convey'ed to
the county' hospital. After dressing his seared hand,
the phy'sicians discharged him, and he will probably'
be in a condition to repeat the attempt in a few day's.

196

THE INVENTIVE AQE.

PATENT BROKERS AND AGENTS.

Some Explanations Made Necessary on Account of
Queries from Inventors.

The g-ullibility of the av^erage inv'entor is probablj'
no greater than that of the average citizen who has
never exhibited a particular penchant for invention,
but certain it is that no class of people are beset by
a larger horde of fakirs and humbugs than the3’.
Indeed, so large is the arniv' of “Patent Brokers,”
“Dev'elopment Companies,” “Patent Agents,” and
the like it would seem that the chief patrons, the
majoritv' of the subscriljers of the Official Gazette
of the United States Patent Office, were from among
this class. The issuance of the Gazette each Tues-
dav', giving the name and address of each person to
whom a patent has been granted, is followed on
'\Vednesda3' b3" the mailing of as fine an arra3' and
as complete an assortment of “fake” and mislead-
ing literature as it is possible for the most v'ivid
imagination to conjecture. So bold and fraudulent
have some of these schemers become that it is nec-
essar3% in order to ev'ade the vngilance of the United
States authorities, to frequentl3' change, not only
their postoffice address, but the name under which
the3' carr3' on their business as well.

The Invp;xtive Ac.K has taken occasion to refer to
this matter in previous issues and the accumulation
of damaging evidence against man3' of the so-called
“Patent Agents,” and “Patent Brokers,” justifies us
in continuing and repeating the warning to inven-
tors.

As The Inventive Age has heretofore stated
it does not desire to do an injustice to an3’ person or
association and in the last issue took occasion to
franklv' admit that upon the information to hand
some of the concerns mentioned in a previous issue
under the head of “ Patent Sharks,” should not
have been so classed. Among these was the Phila-
delphia concern, “Association American Inv’entors,”
of which Geo. H. Holgate is President and General
Manager. An investigation of 1 he business meth-
ods of this concern b3" a special representative of The
Inventive Age demonstrated the strange anomoly
that while apparent good faith was exhibited and
sagacious means adopted looking to the disposition
of patents after the contracts had been received
properly signed and accompanied b3' the requisite fee,
representations made to business were often

misleading and inconsistent. It was upon
the means used for obtaining business and not the
methods adopted, or the treatment of the client af-
ter he entrusted his business to these Patent Brokers
that The Inventive Age based its conclusions.
The prosecution of our investigations has led the
managers of some of these institutions to frankly
admit that “ even if the3' did humbug- the inventor
to obtain his business, after obtaining it the3' treated
him squarely and fairh' and worked in his interest.”
Ignorance of these modern business ethics as ap-
])lied to inventors and Patent Brokers was the onl3"
excuse for mentioning- some of these Patent Brokers
under the heading of “.About Patent Sliarks.” As
soon as The Inventive Ag.e discovered an appar-
ent exemplification of tlie claim that it was possible
to obtain business' through misrepresentations and
then fairl3% honestly and sagacioush" conduct it,
we did nut hesitate to admit our previous, and upon
this hypothesis, unjustifiable conclusions.

Readers of the September number of The Inven-
tive Age, however, have been more than ordi-
narih' inquisitive, and while the letter of Dr. Gatling
endorsing the “ Association American Inventors,”
had much weight with The Inventivf; Age, some
inventors are skeptical and want “further informa-
tion.” One inventor writes us calling attention to
the fact that Dr. Gatling says in his letter that
“ the3', (Association American Inventors) claimed or
demanded, from me no money consideration for their
services, but agreed in the event they sold my pat-
ent they should have ten per cent,” etc. “ They
must have made an exception in Dr. Gatling’s case,”
sa3^s the writer, “for they did propose to charge me
and I’ve got to get a circular from the first one yet
that didn’t want an advance fee,” etc. Several
readers of The Inventive Age have called atten-

tion to this feature of Dr. Gatling’s letter, but we
do not see that it is of a ver3' serious nature. The
rule being to charge an advance fee of $20, sa3', it is
likeU' that an exception was made in Dr. Gatling’s
case because of the prominence of the inventor and
the fact that his name for advertising purposes
would be worth man3' times the amount charged the
ordinar3' inventor.

Another reader wonders upon what information
impressions of The Inventive Age were
based — wants to know wherein from their circulars
we figure out misleading claims and statements.
This can best be explained by the publication of
the substance of letters addressed to Mr. Jas. A.
Watson, a Washington inventor, under dates of De-
cember 11 and 14, 1893. In these letters Mr. Holgate
sa3's :

In looking- o%'er the Patent Office Gazette we find that vonr
claims have been allowed and a patent issued to you, and after
going over the claims embodied in the patent we think there is
considerable merit in it, and we are willing to undertake the
sale of the same if you will entrust your business in our hands.
* * * We have lately negotiated with the largest commercial
agency in the United States for 47,000 names 'j= * * of itives-
tors, presidents of banks, boards of trade and chambers of
commerce * * * Now that the Senate has repealed the silver
bill the business interests of the country will revive .and inves-
tors will be seeking- investments for the money they have kept
locked up, * * * and we will * * * make a reduction in
your case and take one-half of our fee in advance * * * We
wish to emphasize one fact * * * and that is that your pat-
ent is not worth one cent until you have realized something
from it, or in other words, when you hear the jingle of the other
man's money in your pocket, then you are certain that your
patent has value. * * * /« ///t’ /n-sl /i-Tt' i/nr.t we have closed the
following trades; Three Electric Patenis, SIS.OIX) ; Fire Hy-
drant, SIJ.OOO ; Grain Scouring Machine, SIOO.CMX) ; Pouring
Tra_v, $8,0tX) ; Pen Holder, on a royalty of $500 a 5-e,ar : Ice
Cream Freezer, $10,000 ; Improved Sink Trap, ^5,000 ; Gas Ma-
chine, $150,000; Door Check, $8,000; Check Punch, $16,000, and
have several good trades just on the point of being consuniated.
We have also just started on a half million dollar company
which we expect to raise in a verv short time.

Tlie letters contained a great deal more in this
strain, but for the ptirposes.desired the above s3'nop-
sis is sufficient. The dates of these letters were
December 11th and 14th, 1893, respectively. Prior
to this — to be more precise — on August 24, 1893, Mr.
Holgate sent a letter to Mr. R. Davis, of Washing-
ton, D. C., in which he claimed, among other things:

In the last few days we have closed the following sales: * * *
Electric Patents, $1S,(H)0; Fire Hydrant, $12,IK)0; Grain Scouring
Machine, $1(X),0(10, and have several good trades just 011 the point
of being consuniated.

It seemed to The Inventive Age a strange coin-
cidence that on dates four months apart “in the last
few days we have closed sales” of precisely the same
items for precisely' the same amounts.

But this was not all. Under date of June 6, 1894,
eight months later, Mr. Holgate wrote to Mr. Chas.
Schifferdecker, Fort Assinaboine, Montana, saying,
among other things :

In the last few days we have closed the following sales: Ice
Cream Freezer. $1(1,000; Check Punch, $16, (XK); Gas Machine,
$170,000; Door Check, $8,(XK1; Coin Case on royalty, and have
several good trades that will be closed up before tlie end of the
week.

And then again, under date of July 7, 1894, Mr.
Holgate wrote to Mr. Chas. A. Fmerson, of Oshkosh,
Wis., that :

In the last few days we have closed the following sales; Ice
Cream Freezer, $10,000; Check Punch, $16,000; Gas Machine,
$170,0(X); Door Check, $8,(X10; Puzzle, $12,51X1; Reversing Gear,
$7,5(X): Coin Case on royalty, and have several good trades that
will be closed up before ni.any days.

Under date of July 25, 1894, the same wording is
used in a letter to Susan M. Hoagland,of Hulberton,
N. Y. — the same as a letter to Mr. S. E. White, of
Watertown, N. Y., dated March 28th, four months
previous. Even as late as September 5th last, Mr.
Holgate was still making sales in the “last few
days” of Ice Cream Freezers, Check Punches, Gas
Machines, and the like — for the same sums as herein
enumerated — for he so writes to several inventors.

Now what would be the impression of an inven-
tor, or an3' other intelligent person, after comparing
these statements? Would he not have been im-
pressed with the remarkable coincidence of so many
sales, on so many different dates for such similar
amounts?

The above quotations are produced simply to let
those of our readers who have made inquiries about
the matter know what has influenced The Inven-
tive Age in its statements and conclusions. We
thought it most remarkable that every “few days”
prior to every Tuesday in the 3'ear it was possible
for a patent agency to make such sales for precisely
the same amounts. Upon the belief that the state-
ments made to inventors were misleading and false
we took occasion to humorously allude to the claims of
Mr. Holgate in an article more particularly aimed at

patent sharks in Buffalo and Manilla, New York.

As before stated a further investigation disclosed
the fact that, after obtaining the business, Mr. Hol-
gate puts forth reasonably energetic and intelligent
efforts to dispose of the patent in order that he may
obtain the percentage agreed upon. We vouch only
for what appearances indicate. What has been the ex-
perience of inventors? Have they sold 3'our patents?

The Inventive Age mistakes the judgment of
its readers, the inventors of America, if they en-
dorse this code of moral ethics. There exists no
good reason why Patent Brokers should misrepre-
sent the facts in order to obtain the agency
for the sale of patents unless there be logic in
the claim of the famous showman, P. T. Barnum,
that “ the people love to be humbugged.” There is
no reason wh3' a patent agency cannot be conducted
on strictly legitimate and business-like methods
throughout.

How Inventors are Swindled.

There ought to be and must be a reform in the
manner of doing business on the part of patent
agents claiming to be legitimate. The inventors of
America have long enough been the prey of unscrup-
ulous and designing XNitent sharks, whom an in-
dulgent government allows the use of the mails for
fraudulent purposes. It is a fact that will not be
denied b3' an3’ intelligent investigator of their busi-
ness methods that four-fifths of the so-called patent
agencies and patent brokers are frauds. Only the
co-operation of reputable attorneys of the country
and their clients, the inventors for whom they have
obtained patents, is necessar3' to drive scores of
these vamjiires out of their nefarious business.

The Inventive Age will do its share, will the in-
ventors and the reputable jiatent attorneys assist ?

Many of the circulars and propositions received
by inventors are an insult to their intelligence and
an assumption of their cupidity.

This iiatent humbug business has its pathetic as
well as humorous features. An inventor in a Massa-
chusetts town, upon the representations made by
one, Darnall, claiming to be editor of an educational
journal in Eexington, K3'., parted with his model
and drawings which cost him $10. Now the inven-
tor writes The Inventive Age as follows : “ Can’t
get a peep out of Darnall, editor and manager of the
Educational Herald. I have had so many letters
from frauds that it seems to me as if creation was
one vast hotbed of lying and satan, and all his sub-
jects were in a conspiracy to cheat a poor old man
who is almost to the end of life’s short journey.”

A very innocent, honest apjiearing and carelessly
concerned sort of a chap is the real estate fakir.
He wants to know if the inventor desires to sell his
patent. Of course he does, and in reply to his ad-
mission to this effect the shark advises him that it
is difficult to find a cash customer, but he has a
party on the string who will “give him a few, say
five, choice lots in lake shore addition to the stock
yards, worth $550 each, for his patent and $500.”
Now what impression does the fakir intend to convey?
The average inventor believes he is to receive $500
in cash and the five lots worth §550 each. But that
is where he is wrong. Another communication, in
rejily to a letter of acceptance on the part of the in-
ventor, advises him that he has not understood the
proposition. He, the inventor, is to pay $500 in cash
and throw in his patent for these “valuable lots.”
But the proposition varies. Some of the lot sharks
write back, after the offer has been accepted by the
inventor, and advise him of the fact that he has the
papers all made out, but the parties with whom he is
negotiating first want the scope and validity of the
patent examined to satisfy themselves that no liti-
gation will follow, which requires “a small fee” to
be paid b3' the inventor, of course. It is needless to
add that the “fee” is all the shark is laying for.
Still another change is worked on the land scheme.
The inventor is asked to trade even. Some corres-
pondence is had in which the broker appears to take
more interest in the inventor than in the investor.
Finally after a fee has been jiaid to look up the title
still another fee is wanted to “clear off a slight en-
cumbrance.” As transparent a fraud as this scheme
is, one of the most prominent inventors and manu-

THE INVENTIVE AGE

T97

facturers of the country' wascaug'ht by it only a few
weeks since.

So annoying' have some of these Patent Ag'ent
fakirs become with their circulars and specially “dic-
tated ” and “personal” letters to inventors that
some reputable patent attorneys find it advisable to
warn their clients of the prev'aling pitfalls that have
been dug for them — a late circular reading as fol-
lows :

We have been made aware of so many attempts by so-called
Novelty Companies. Sale Agents. Protective Unions, etc., to
swindle our own clients, that we have determined to prepare a
circular, warning unwarv inventors against swindlers. Old
inventors, those who have gotten their second or twenty-second
patent, do not need warning. Some of them have been educated
in the “ school of e-xperience ” and this advice is not for them,
but they know how much it is needed by the average inventor,
who has iust received his first patent, had his name and address
published in the U. S. Patent Office (iazette, and is receiving
tempting circulars from a horde of swindlers who look upon a
frexh inventor as their particular prey.

So-called Novelty Companies do not want to buy your patent,
and when they or others want you to pav for a scope and valid-
ity examination, they are simply inviting yon to pay them, or
their pals and partners, for services which they are incompe-
tent to render and which vou do not now need.

Inventors seem to be regarded b_v the swindling world as pe-
culiarly green and gullible, and as soon as their names are pub-
lished in the U. S. Patent Office Gazette, a whole horde of beasts
of prey swoop down upon them. We have long been sending a
printed letter of warning to our own clients just before the pub-
lication of their names in the Gazette, and while we cannot get
at the names of other inventors until after the weekly issue of
the Gazette, we hope we may be in time to save some from the
clutches of swindlers.

THE LAND TITEE SCHEME.

Antotig the dispatches in the daily press of Janu-
ary 5th last, appeared the following :

Sigournev, Iowa, Jan. Sth. — Post Office Inspector Merceryes-
terday arrested B. H. Wills and William A. Bell, both promi-
nent citizens, and managers of State patent investment com-
panies. The arrest caused a sensation, as both men have been
for years transacting a big business. The plan of the concern
was to watch the dail v papers and get a list of patents granted.
The victim was informed that he could trade his right for a
farm, but it would cost $411 to look up the title. The money was
sent, and then, in due time, the victim was advised not to make
the trade, as the land was heavily encumbered.

Regarding this transaction and similar fakes
George B. Grant, a correspondent of the American
Machinest, comments as follows :

The only remedj' is to teach the possible victims
that there is not one chance in a thousand that an
offer from a patent-selling concern is anything
whatever but an introduction to a “mean swindle,”
as mean as or meaner than the above.

The crop of patents issued each week is about five
hundred, and not half of them are for genuine in-
ventions. The bulk are for mere contrivances of
lawyers, amateurs, farmers, ladies, boj^s, and unnie-
chanical people of all sorts, and are not worth a cop-
per each.

Take a sample case, not an imaginary but a real
and frequent case, and follow it through. A brake-
man invents a car coupler, but, as every brakenian
in the country has inv^ented a car coupler, the sub-
ject is worn thin and there is nothing new to be had
in that line. It is easy enough to contriv^e some new
quirk, to add a dingus above or a wingwang under-
neath, but not one patent a year shows an item of
the smallest value. Of course, the brakenian applies
for a patent, and, of course, he employs one of the
“no patent, no pay” solicitors, whose business it is
to forge gimcraks into such formal shape that some
sort of a patent can be worked over each case. He
gets some sort of a patent on the car coupler, good or
bad, but it has a red seal and a blue ribbon, and it is
all the same to the brakenian. The shyster — and I
use that term with care — cannot fail to get a patent
on anything presented, he secures his share of the
booty, drops the matter, and things are ripe and ready
for the third partner — the patent-selling shark.

The shark has various methods, changing his
game as fast as found out ; and this title-examining
dodge is as good as an3G It is thoroughly hidden,
very simple, apparently very honest, and quite safe.
The shark sends out his circulars, and the brakenian,
after writing a dozen unanswered letters to railroads
and car manufacturing companies, is tempted to see
what he can do through him. A little correspondence
follows, and he receives a statement that the patent
can be exchanged for a certain farm. Brakenian is
not at all astonished at the offer of a farm for his in-
vention, had expected more than that, and tells the
shark to go ahead. Shark then writes the brakenian
that it is wise to have the title of the land examined,
at an advance fee of forty dollars, and the trick often
works and yields the shark a “big' business.”

The government has beat the brakenian $35, the
solicitor $50, the shark $40 ; all shake hands and
proceed to do up the next inventor.

It is not the intention to cover the whole realm of
patent humbugs in this article : in fact, the mere
synopsis of the most casual reading of the literature
of these concerns already gathered by The Inven-
tive Age would till many pages of this magazine.
More extended mention of them will be made in
successive numbers.

The Inventive Age for one whole 3’ear, sent to
anj' address for $1.

Patent Right Sellers.

The following communication from a subscriber of
The Inventive Age opens up another feature —
another branch of the patent brokerage business —
not heretofore touched upon, viz : the validity of
foreign patents which nearly everj' Patent Right
Seller is anxious to obtain for the American inventor
just as soon as the mails can reach him after the
issuance of the Patent Office Gazette each week ;

Editor Inventive Age : — The brave, kind and important
work that your most excellent journal has been doing" the past
few months for inventors and patentees, by an exposure of un-
scrupulous Patent Rig’ht Selling" Ag'ents, called by some
“Sharks,'”' is very commendable; and while in your last issue —
September, you show a proper disposition to make “The Amende
Honorable" in any case that wrong- may have unwittingrly been
done to any honest Patent Rig-ht Seller, or association, I re-
spectfully say that I deem ityoui sacred duty, under the circum-
stances, as a watchman on tile walls, to demand of dealers or
sellers of patent rig-hts, an explanation of such things as ap-
pear in their circulars, which, unexplained, seem impossible of
performance, na^' more, do not have the appearance of being
beneficial to inventors and patentees of the United States, in
view of the foreign laws relating to patents taken out in foreign
countries, after the issue of patents in the United States.

I observed in a circular addressed to a patentee whose appli-
cation had been filed in the United States Patent Office over a
year, and on which application his patent was recently granted,
an offer to take provisional protection, “ Gebrauchsmuster ; "
and patents in certain countries named in the circular, for the
sum of ^245, and, in view of this offer, I hold that it is incumbent
on those making it, and who receive such a large sum of money,
to give the United Slates patentee something ox real value in
exchange therefor.

I desire to know what benefit would accrue to a person who
has already had his patent issued in this country upon an ap-
plication filed over a year ago or even seven months prior to the
issue of his patent, by taking provisional protection in Great
Brltian, “ Gebrauchsniuster " in Germany, and patents in
France, Belgium, Austria, Hungary, vSwitzerland, Italy and
Sicily? Would he not be paying out $245 for provisional pro-
tection, and patents, that would be pronounced useless, and in-
valid in view of the fact of the inventions therefor having been
patented and published in the United States and thereby’ pub-
licly made known in foreign countries.

Explanations are in order, in view of the letter of the vener-
able, honorable and highly esteemed Dr. Gatling, referred to in
3'our September issue.

A Subscriber.

Important Events of the Month.

Sept. 1 — Great forest fires rag'ed in Northern Minnesota.
Several small towns were burned and in their efforts to escape

over 301) persons were burned to death By floods in Texas

many lives were lost Samuel J. Kirkwood, Iowa’s war gov-

ernor, died at Des Moines, ag-ed SI.

Sept. 3 — The loss of life by forest fires is found to be greater

than at first reported Fire destroyed the building and a

large part of the stock of the Trenton, (N. J.,) Potteries Corn-

pan v Spain canceled the reciprocitj' treaty between the

ITiiited States and Cuba.

Sept. 4 — The republicans carry Vermont by 27,000

James Clark Welling, LL. D., I’resident of the Columbia Uni-
versitv, Washington, died at Hartford, Conn., aged 69.

Sept. 5— Dr. Cook’s Greenland expedition arrives at North

.Sidney, Cape Breton Over 1,000 refugees from the forest

fire district are being cared for at Duluth.

SepT' 6 — The Sugar Planters’ Convention at New Orleans,
declared in favor of an alliance with the republican party on

national issues The Pullman strike was officially declared

off Robt. J. {lowered the world's pacing record at Indianap-

olis, to 2,02}i.

Sept. 8 — The rage of the forest fires was checked by rain
The Count of Paris, died at his English residence.

Sept. 9 — The Chinese Admiral Ting has been degraded for
cowardice.

Sept. 10 — The republicans carry Maine by over 38,000

The annual encampment G. A. R., began at Pittsburg The

American Society of Irrigation Engineers held its second an-
nual convention at Denver Dalton, Ohio, has a $250,000

fire.

Sept. 14 — Robert J. paced a mile in 2.0114 at Terre Haute

Two important battles are reported to have been fought in
Korea in which the Japs were victorious.

Sept. IS — Congressman Breckinridge was defeated for renom-
ination bt- Owens Fire at Scranton destrov'S $250,000 worth

of property.

Sept. 10 — In the battle at Ping-yang the Japanese routed the
Chinese force of 20,000, killing and taking prisoners 17,000 of
them.

Sept. 17 — In a naval conflict off the mouth of the Yalu river,
four Chinese vessels are sunk bv the Japanese fleet.

Sept. 19 — At Galesburg, 111., Alix trots a mile in 2.0331, lower-
pig the world’s record a quarter of a second.

Sept. 21 — Desha Breckinridge, son of Congressman Breckin-
ridge, stabbed J. D. Livingston and attacked Judg'e G. B.
Kinkead, at Le.xington, Ky.; the affair grew out of the late
Democratic primary.

Sept. 22 — Seventy-five persons are killed in the path of a tor-
nado that srveeps over Central Iowa and Southern Minnesota.

Sept. 23 — St. Martas College, Oakland, Cal., was partly de-
stroyed bv fire; loss, $200,000 — Gen. Willard Slocum died at Ash-
land, Ohio, aged 74 years.

Sept. 25 — The President appointed Gen. William Ward Duf-
field, of Detroit, Mich., superintendent of the Coast and Geo-
detic Survey, vice Prof. T. C. Mendehall. resigned Si.x A.

R. U. leaders were sentenced at Butte, Mont., to fine and im-
prisonment for contempt of court and interference with the

mails during the recent strike Two A. R. U. strikers were

sentenced at Los Angeles to fine and imprisonment for intimi-
dating railway employes Gen. Thomas Seir Cumming's, the

artist, died at Hackensack, N. J.

Sept. 27 — Capt. Henry W. Howgate, fornierl.v chief e.xecutive
officer of the JVeather Bureau at Washington, who is charged
with having stolen over $300,000 from the Government, after be-
ing a fugitive for thirteen years, was arrested in New York
City, where he was keeping a second-hand bookstore under an
assumed name.

Sept. 28 — The New York Constitutional Convention ratified
its work by a vote of 95 to 45, three Republicans voting with the
Democrats in the negative.

Sept. 29— The Federal grand jury at San Francisco returned
40 indictments against strikers for alleged interference with the
mails and with interstate commerce.

So M.4.NY of the inventors of the countrj’ are mak-
ing inquiries for the namcand address of manufact-
urers of novelties, The Inventive Age has decided

to iniblisli the addre.ssof .sucli reliable manufacturers
as desire to reach the inventors and owner.s of pat-
ented novelties.

The New French War V essel.

The Carnot, a new armored vessel for the French
navj’, has just been launched at Toulon. The .ship
was built on the jilaiis of M. de Saglio, director of
naval construction, and the late President Carnot
fastened the first bolt. It was to have been called
the Lazare Carnot, after his great grandfather.

The hull of the Carnot is composed of two par.'illel
walls, dovetailed into each other without a break as
far up as the armored plate. The double hull is di-
vided lengthwise bj' seven partitions ; it has five
longitudinal bulkheads and eighteen transverse
bulkheads.

There are three decks, the armored deck, the gun
deck, and the main deck. The armored hurricane

deck is constructed of a double thickness of sheet
iron 4-10 of an inch thick, and covered with armor 3
inches thick. The leng'th of the vessel between per-
pendiculars is 364 feet : its breadth 66.

The armament of the Carnot will consist of two
twelve inch guns in the forward and central turrets
of the vessel, two turrets for the ten and a half inch
guns, eight turrets, four on either side, for the five

and a half inch long range guns, and six rapid fire
gviins on the upper decks. The turrets are protected
bj’ armor sixteen inches thick. The exterior armor
will rest on a backing of teak eleven inches thick
and will be seventeen inches thick.

She is expected to make seventeen knots an hour.
She will have two vertical triple-expansion engines,
with a maximum of 15.001) horse power, constructed
according to the plans of DI. Gamier, Sub-director of
Naval Construction at Toulon. Steam will be gen-
erated bj’ 24 cj'lindrical boilers, with double grates,
on the Lagrafel and d'Allest sj'stem. registering 33
pounds. The total cost of the vessel will be a little
over 21,000,000 francs. — A'. I’. Sun.'

The Cultivation of Rice in Siam.

The cultivation of rice in Siam — one of the great-
est rice producing countries in the world — is carried
on in the most primative manner : indeed — sat's
Robt. M. Boj'd, V^ice-Consul-General, at Bangkok
in a recent communication to the State Department
— no progress has been made in the past hundred
3'ears in tliis line. Bet'ond the use of the crudest of
bull tongue plows and the machinery- in the rice-
cleaning mills in this citj', no implements or ma-
chinery of anj' kind is emjiloved.

VV'ithout the buffalo the Siamese rice cultivator
would be without his most important aid. Thi.s
large beast is used as the motive power in front of
the bull tongue. He draws the rice in from the
fields after it is cut. and^he is also used for thrash-
ing, being driven backwards and forwards over
piles of rice heads. After tramping in this wav
some hundreds of miles, he succeeds in separating,
in the course of two or three months, about as much
grain from the husk as a mill run b_v an electric
hand batterj' would turn out in twentv-four hours.

The Siamese, as a rule, are not prejudiced against
the introduction of western ideas : indeed, the con-
trolling element is rapidlj’ adopting them. The
palaces and public buildings are built on modern
plans ; the armj' and navt’. as well as the customs,
are run under western rules. On the streets can be
seen carriages of the latest designs, and electric
tramwat's -from the United States, paying large
dividends, are running through the crowded thor-
oughfares. Railroads are being constructed into the
rice-producing districts to take the place of the row-
boat in delivering products on the market, and
mant’ other marks of progress help to convince one
that American agricultural implements, especially'
those suitable to the cultivation of rice, could be in-
troduced here with profit to all concerned if our
seemingl)’ dormant manufacturers would undertake
in some waj' to place their goods upon these markets.

198

THB INVBNTIVE^ AGE^

The New “AlNSubmarine Cable.”

The various troubles incident to the maintenance
of shore line connections between New York and
the Nova Scotian coasts, made the Commercial
Cable Company" resolve to bring- their new cable
direct by sea into New York City ; and the feat was
accomplished on Sunday, September 2. Among- the
troubles rendering- this plan preferable, despite the
dangers that lurk for a cable on the floor of busy
New York Bay, are the breakage of land
lines in storms, the difficulties of winter
repairs, the destruction of cables in long
subways by gases, and more lately the in-
terruption and distortion of signals by the
current from} trolle}' lines in Brooklyn,
which parallel'the old Commercial Cables
from their landing at Conej' Island up to
the Brooklyn Bridge.

At noon on Sunday. September 2d, the
laying of the Commercial All-Submarine
Cable to New York City from Europe was
com])leted, and the sig-ht of the trim
cable shi]) ‘•Mackav-Bennetf actually at
work in New York harbor created cpiite a
sensation if one can judge from the nois}'
salutations received from all manner t)f
craft as she slowly but carefully continued
her work u]i to the Batter^'. There is no
necessity to describe the apparatus on
board the ‘‘Mackay-Bennett,” as nearly
everyone cotinected with electrical indus-
tries is now generally familiar with it.

<)ne little thing- your representative saw
which may not have been noticed by some
people was the Thompson sounding tubes.

These tubes are of g-lass two feet long
by about one-eighth inch outside diameter.

They are orange colored on the inside
with some secret pig-ment and one end is
sealed. This tube is inserted in a metal
case secured open end downward. The
ordinarj' sounding drum is all right for
say 200 fathoms, but as the wire runs off
the diameters g-et shorter and the revolu-
tions do not register accurately ; with
this tube it is simply a matter of density
of the water. The lower the tube drops, the higher
the water is forced uj) it, compressing- the air and
discoloring- the orange tint to a dark g'-rey. Upon
recovery, the height of the discoloration is meas-
ured on an ordinary foot rule and the depth
worked out from a corresponding- coefficient. These
coefficients are placed along-side the rule for con-
venience, so the de])th is ascertained at once. In
running- out the sinker the officer has his right hand
on the brake of the drum and in his left holds a skid
with which he jmts a slig-ht tension on the running-
wire : b}' the sense of touch he is able to tell at (nice
when the sinker strikes bottom. By this means it is
possible to sound to 3,01)0 fathoms in about 15 min-
utes— a slight difference from the 1 ‘2 hours to 2 hours
in the old days, not counting the distance the ship
had drifted in that time. — Electrical Engineer.

The ITaxim Flying Machine.

A few additional facts of interest in regard to
Hiram S. Maxim’s lE'ing machine were brought out
at the recent meeting- of the British Association fc.ir
the Advancement of Science. Although living-
abroad because he believed himself ill-treated b3' the
United States g-overnment in connection with his
ra])id-fire gun patents, this gifted inventor is an
American, and any glor3' which ma3' be conferred bv
his success in aeri.al navig-ation belongs to this coun-
try.

(.)ne of the most remarkable features C)f the trial
airship is the lightness of its motor. The engine
proper weighs onU' 644 pounds, and the boiler (con-
taining 20 ])ounds of water) 1,200. As the latter fig-
ures also include various appurtenances of the
boiler, and as 362 horse-power were actualh" devel-
oped, we have onl3' five pounds of engine and boiler
to a horse-power, Mr. Maxim himself believes that
he can g-et 500 horse-power out of that same eng-ine.

In ])assing it may be well to recall that an ordi-
nar3^ locomotive weighs about 100 or 150 jjounds for
ever3- horse-power it develops ; marine engines in
big steamships, from 200 to 500, and even engines
for fast, light 3'achts of larg-e size, seldom less than
100, A good draug-ht horse weighs about 1,500 to
2,000 pounds to a horse-power ; but a bird in flight
onl3' 20 or 25 pounds, Eng-ineering- experts have
computed that in order to make aerial navigation a
success the motive apparatus emplo3'ed must weigh
less than this. In a few exceptional instances small
eng-ines, not including the boiler, have been built
which reduced tlie proportion to between 7 and 15
pounds. Mr. Maxim’s achievement, therefore, is
utterly without precedent, though Prof. Eang-le3" is
said to have come prett3' close to it with a ratio of
1 to 6.

Over 300 pounds of steam have been carried in

some of the trials, and the inventor sa3^s that he
can run the pressure up from 200 to 300 pounds in-
side of a minute. Naphtha is the fuel used, of
which 200 pounds are carried. There are also 400
pounds of water in reserve, F rame-work, aeroplanes,
pro])ellers and human freight bring the total weight
u]j to tliree and one-half or four tons, A lifting
power of about 10,000 pounds is developed when
full S])eed is attained — that is, from thirt3'-five to
fort3’ miles an hour. About 375 revolutions of each
of the huge two-bladed propellers a minute has been

the maximum thus far. The aeroplanes, which
look like a fiat roof and a pair of huge horizontal
wing-s outstretched therefrom, have a lat-
eral spread of more than 120 feet and an
ag^gregate area (_)f 4,000 square feet. These
juirts of the machine are made of thin
and very strong- steel tubes and wires,
covered on the under side with balloon
cloth. It was found impossible to keep
this latter from bagging-, no matter how
tightU' stretched. The upper surface,
therefore, was irregular, and afforded
much resistance to the air. The inventor
has consecpientlv covered the top as well
as the bottom of the frame with cloth,
and the upper cloth is held down with
lines running- fore and aft. This double-
skin aeroplane overcomes a hitherto aj)-
])arentl3- insuperable difticult3' — the buck-
ling- of the cloth surface.

Lord Ka3'leig'-h declared that Mr. Maxim
had solved three out of the five chief prob-
lems involved in aerial navigation, and
he had confidence that the inventor’s g'-reat
ingenuity would enable him to solve the
otliers. Available reports of Lord Ray-
leigh’s remarks do not quote him as speci-
f3'ing- what these two remaining difficul-
ties are, but they are probabh' balancing'-
and steering the craft in free air. Abil-
ity to lift and propel it has now been full3'
demonstrated. Prof, Langle3’ of Wash-
ington, who, bv the vva3’, took occasion
to declare that he has not 3'et gotten up
an3' airsliip of his own, expressed admir-
ation of Mr. Maxim’s work, and ex])ressed
a belief that the world would see practical
airshii)s in use before the close of the
century. Lord Kelviu also commended
our fellow-countryman’s efforts, though
he was inclined to think that a platform
with four vertically working- proiiellers
at the corners would afford a better plan
of o])eration. Some doubt was expressed
bv others whether Mr. Maxim estimates
hig'-hU- enoug'-h the skin resistance or fric-
tion of his aeroplanes. On the whole,
though, both inventor and invention were treated
in a hlghU' encouraging manner. The leading
British exjjerts in mechanical science were present
— men of world-wide reimtations, and not given to
toleration of cranks, especialU' if foreigners. Such
a recognition of the merit of Mr. Maxim’s work is
not wi-fhout significance. — N. Y. Tribune.

Names of Patent Solicitors.

Names and addresses of attorneys practicing’* before the
United States Patent Office, carefully compiled hy Virtfinia W.
Middleton, for sale by the Inventive Age; cloth*$l,50; paper $1
Edition limited.

The Magnolia rtetal’s Important Connections.

The Magnolia Metal Compan3' has just received
an order from Messrs. J. I. Thorneycroft &Co., Ad-
miralt3' Machiner3' Contractors, of Chiawick, to be
used in the Torpedo Destro3'ers they are building
for the British nav3'. The following is a list of
vessels in the British navqy in the bearings of which
the Mag-nolia Metal is used : “ Fervent,” “ Ar-
dent,” “ Zepher,” “Hood,” “Hawke,” “Crescent,”
“Boxer,” “Bruiser,” “Edgar.”

The following testimonials given b3' some of the
most eminent marine institutions of this countr3',
which are builders of the war vessels of the United
States government, and for steamers of private
corporations, show that the Magnolia Metal is used
in the hig-hest class of marine work, and is more
meritorious and successful than ain' other anti-
friction metal for that kind of work.

Baltimoke, Mi>., June 8th, 1894.
.Magioh'a .'Sfi'tal Co.. J4 Cortlandt St.. Nezv I'ork.

('.ENTi.EMEN ; 111 reply t o v DU r i II <| u ' ry ( >f (it li i iistaul, we take
pleasure in statiutr that Maa-nolia Metal was used in the eti trine
liearintrs of Cruisers Nos. 9 and 10 “ Montg-oniery ” and "De-
troit," wherever anti-friction metal was reiiuired.

Very resiiectfnllv.

The Columbian Iron Works and Dry Dock Co.,

IVm. T. Mai.stek,
President.

Bath, Maine, June 4th, 1894.

Magnolia Metal Co..

(Ienti.emen ; In answer to yours of June 1st, we used Mag*-
nolia Metal on the U. S. (lunboats. No, S, Macliias, and No. 6
Castine and Harbor Defense Ram, No. 1 Katahdin. This metal
was used exclusively in the above vessels.

Yours truly,

Bath Iron Works, (Limited},
Edwaki) W. Hyde,
Treasurer.

Ne:w York, June 25th, 1894.
.^faguoha Metal Company. 77 Cortlandt St.. W. }'. City.

(lENTLEMEN : 111 reply to vou r imjuirj-, we take pleasure in
stating that we have used the Mag-nolia Metal on different oc-
casions and so far as we know, it has universally given satis-
faction.

Very trulv yours.

Geo. E. Weed,
President.

Hoboken, N. J., Aug. 30th, 1894. 1
Anti-Friction Magnolia Metal Co.. 77 Cortlandt .St.. N. P. City.

Gentlemen : We have used Magnolia Metal more or less for

many years and have always found it good, and can recom-
mend it for general use.

Respectfullj-,

E. R. Mead,

Have this day given order for one (1) ton Magnolia Metal.

W. & A. Fletcher, Co.,

H. W. Fletcher.

All marine engineers should use Magnolia Metal
in the bearings of their steamers, as it lasts longer
and giv'es less heat than any other metal.

Magnolia Metal is in use by eight leading gov-
ernments, and is the best anti-friction metal for
all machiner3' bearings.

L.VYING THE LAST SECTION OF THE ALL-SUBMARINE CABLE.

LANDING THE CABLE AT NEW YORK CITY.

TH'E INVE^NTIVK AGE

IQ9

Southern Burial Ovens.

Of all the unusual uses to which brick is adapted
and employed, probablj" none attracts the g'aze of a
northern man more than a visit to the cemeteries of
the south. In New Orleans, especialh", is tliis strik-
ing- utilization of brick in the construction of vaults
for burial purposes. As is well known, the extreme
amount of moisture in the soil of that part of the
state, amounting- frequently to com-
plete saturation, 'renders impossible
the method of burial most com-
monly employed, as a grave could
not be excavated to anything like
the necessary depth, even with the
aid of a pump to remove the water
which pours in.

The cemeteries are laid out with
exquisite taste and at great expense
and are the pride of all classes of
society. The wealthy employ deli-
catelj' tinted and expensive marbles,
the vaults being constructed to con-
tain from two to ten occupants,
while relig-ious, civic and secret
societies often club together and
erect brick structures, sometimes
with marble fronts, with a sufficient
number of compartments to accom-
modate as high asTOO bodies.

For the poorer classes, however,
who cannot afford so expensive re-
cepticles in which to rest their
bones, provision is made as shown
in our illustration. On one or more
sides of the cemetery, in some in-
stances, fully a half mile in length,
are built brick walls of three or four
tiers of compartments, or ovens, as
the3' are called, into which, in reg-u-
lar order are placed the caskets
containing- the bodjq which the
opening is barelj- sufficient in width,
height and length to receive. The
front is then tilled in with brick
and cement, thus hermeticalU- seal-
ing the oven, while the front is
finally faced with a cheap marble
or metal slab, bearing the inscriptoins placed upon
a tombstone.

The First Honopoly Patent.

The absence of reliable information concerning
the history of patents for invention under the com-
mon law has been noted with regret bj' several
writers. The Statute of Monopolies in 1624- is known
to have been based on the law declared in the case
of Darcy v. Allin in 1602, but as this case in its turn
appeals to decisions of a still earlier date, no defi-
nite conclusion can be drawn therefrom as to the
period in which the first monopoh- grants were made.
The alchemical patent of Edward III., quoted b\-
Hindmarch, proves on exatnination to be either a
warrant for the arrest of two alchemists, or one of
a series of dispens.ations from the law of Henrj- IV.
bj' which the practice of multiplication was forbid-
den. The Commission appointed b\' Henrj' VI. to
inquire into the feasibilitj- of the philosopher’s stone
issued no report, and the alum patent cited bj- Farcy
before the Parliamentarj- Committee of 1829 resolves
itself into a permission to an Italian merchant to
import a fixed quantitj' of that commoditj'. In de-
fault of facts, therefore, English and American
writers have been driven to accept as genuine the
theory' of Collier, who, in his essa)-- on “The Law of
Patents,’’ published in 1803, traced the orig-in of
patent law to the charters of the Trading- Compan-
ies and Cit\- Guilds. But these charters, which gave
legal recognition to certain voluntarj- associations
on the ground that thej^ had existed from time im-
memorial, conferred no new rights. The patent, on
the other hand, creates a right not otherwise recog-
nized bj' law, the validitj' of which is practicall}' de-
cided on, the question of the noveltj- of the manu-
facture therein claimed. The assumed connection,
therefore, rests on no historical basis, and no apol-
ogy' will be made for an attempt to substitute a
theory-, the truth or falsitj" of which, at anj" rate,
can be easilj' tested bj' the records themsehves.

As the result of a search, believed to be exhaust-
ive, through the voluminous patent rolls of Eliz-
abeth, it ma^’ be stated, with some degree of confi-
dence, that the practice of granting monopolj’ pat-
ents was inaugurated in 1561 with the issue of the
grant which is here reproduced. The momentous

and unforeseen chang-es which this novel departure
was destined to produce, have tended to obscure the
fact that the policy’ underh-ing- these monopolj-
grants was one which had been pursued witli a varj--
ing measure of success from a verj- earlv period. A
few instances out of manj- will serve to show that
the germ, out of which the latter sj-stem was devel-
oped, is to be found in grants of a much earlier date.
In 1331 letters of ju'otection were granted to John
Kempe, authorizing- him to settle in England with

his apprentices to introduce the manufacture of
woolens and to teach it to the English, and in 1337
a statute confirming this patent was passed, which
declares that “ all cloth-workers of strange lands
ma^- come and settle where they choose under the
special protection of the King, who will grant them
franchises, as many and such as may suffice them.’’
Similar privileg-es were issued in 1368 to three clock-
makers of Delft, and in 1440 John of Shiedame was
invited to bring 60 workmen with him to instruct the
Eng-lish in the new art of salt-making- recentlj- in-
vented in the low countries. According to this
theorj' of patent law, the policj’ which dictated these
grants was due to a sense of the industrial iuferi-
oritj' of this countrj-, as compared with that of for-
eign countries, and at first did not contemplate the
recognition of the right of an inventor to the exclu-
siv'e use of his own invention. The theor}- at once
explains whj', under the Statute of Monojsolies, the
importer alwaj-s occupied the same position as the
“ true and first inventor,” the fact, of course, being-
that under the common law the inventor had no
claim to a special privilege except as the introducer
of a new industry-. A perusal of the earlv monop-
oly grants of Elizabeth proves that most, if not all,
of these were issued either to foreigners or to na-
tives associated with a foreig-ner, or to native
importers of foreign manufactures. In the re-
cital of a grant to Georg-e Cobham, who had intro-
duced certain new dredging machines from abroad,
the Queen declares her liope that the favorable treat-
ment of this patentee “will give courage to her sub-
jects to studj' and seek for the knowledg-e of like
new engines and devices.” thus corroborating- the
view that the rig-hts of the native inventor were de-
riv'ed from those previouslj' enjoj-ed bj' the foreig-n
importer. The circumstances which led to the in-
sertion of the monopolj- clauses in these instru-
ments can here receive but brief notice. It is prob-
able 'that the sug-gestion was made at the itistance
of the foreign experts who were brought over earlj"
in this reig-n, and that the policj' was adopted bj- the
Queen as the onl_v alternative to starting the new in-
dustries under State supervision and at State ex-
pense. The latter assumption is justified by the
close connection which existed between the Crown
and the earlj- monopolists of saltpetre, alum, cop-
per, brass, and other manufactures which were suc-
cessfullv established under the new s^-stem. On
the former point direct evidence exists in a petition
addressed to the Queen in 1559 bj- one Acontius, an
Italian inventor, who therein urg-es the value of a
general prohibition as a means of rewarding the in-
ventor. Acontius was undoubtedlj- acquainted with
the existence of similar monopolies on the Conti-

nent, traces of which are to be found in the
monopoly of alum, and the exclu.'-i ve and herc-ditar;,
privileges of the French g-la?,.'-maker'.. Thi.-. letter
was re])rinted in full bj- the .Ititiquary of lss5. in ;i
series of articles on “Early Eng-lish Inventions.”
The statement that no ])atent was g-ranted on this
a])])lication is erroneous. f(jr in the seventh 3-e;ir- of
the reign, when the policy- of the jjatent st-stem had
been definitelj’ adopted, Acontius received a privi-
lege of 26 3-ears.

Turning now to the first patent of monopolv.
Stow informs us that soap making was first estab-
lished in London about 1542 63- John Lame, of
Grace church street, “ before which time the Citv
was served of white soap in hard cakes called Ca.s-
tell and other, and of g-re3- soap speckled with white,
very sweet and good, from Bristol.”, The latter aj)-
parentl3' was a soft potash soap, for we are informed
fr(jm other sources that at this period the ” soda of
England was not good.” The foreig-n soap, on the
other hand, was made with the alkali obtained frenn
the ash of barilla, a marine herb g'-rowing- near
Alicante, and larg-elv emplo3'ed in the Spani.sh and
Italian g-lass industries. In the absence of any di-
rect tradition respecting- this grant, coupled with
the fact that the process was repatented in 1622. we
must conclude that the attemjjt to introduce thi.-, in-
dustry resulted in failure.

Dc licencia pro Sttphano Groyett et Antonio le LruriLr.

Elizabeth b.v the Grace of (iod, etc. To all gut Justice^i. ofii-
cers Ministers and subjects whatsoever j/n'atinir. Knowe ye
that we for dvverse wei^'^htie causes vs niovin«r of our special!
ffrace and of certen knowledj^e and mere niocyon Iiave treven
and by thes presentes frraunted vnto Stephen (iroyett and An-
thony le Leur^'er full priviledy'e and auctoriiie that tlu-y and
ever\’’ of them and the survivor of tliem and not any otlu*r by
themselves and there servauntes whereof tow at the least shalbe
of our leg’es and subjectes borne within ourRealnie t)f Eiiirlond
for the space of tenne yeares next ensuyiiir the date hereof in
place and places convenient within this our realme of Eiiirland
not bein^^e within our Citie of London nor nere to anie thi*
places or mansion houses of vs ou* heires and successors or of
any our nobilitie or Councell at thes present builded to the anoy-
ance of the same shall and may worke and make within this
our realme of En<rland white harde sope as well in ffreate as in
small cakes to be like of yoodnes fy nes and puritie as the sope is
which is made in the sope house of Trianaor SyviU* in Ande-
lizoi. And therefore we do by these presentes siraijrhtl.v chari/e
and coniaunde and also prohibitte all other our subjectes a>.
well denizens as not denizens at theis presentes not v^inir within
this our Realme the makitifre of the saide whitie harde sope that
they nor any of them during the said terme of tenne yearD> ^hall
within this our realme make or attempte to make any white
harde sope upon payne of imprisonment and forfeiture of all
suche sope as shalbe made by them or anv of them contrar.v ttj
the tenor hereof. The one moitie of whiche forfeiture shalbe to
the vse of vs our heires and successors. And the other moitie
thereof to the partie that will seaze the same or sue for the
same in an3’ our Courtes of recorde b.v informacon writte bill
pla.vnte or otherwise. Provided alwayes and our pleasure is
that all suche sope as hy vertue of this our graunte or privilege
shalbe made within three Miles of our Citie of London shall and
may be viewed and tried from t^vme to tvme b\' the order and
appointement of the Ma^'or and Aldermen of London for the
T.vme being And that all suche sope as by vertue hereof shalbe
made in aiyy other place of this our Realme more theiithri'e
mvles distaunt from the said Citie of London shall and mat* be
viewed and tr\'ed from tvme to t^'ine b.v the order and appointe-
ment of suche as the L<u'de Chau ncellor or keper of the grete
scale of this our realme for the t.vme being shall assigne and
appointe. And if ain* of the said sope made and offered to sale
shalbe founde defect.vve vntruU’ or deceitfull.v made or wrought
contrarv to the extent of these presentes that then and from
thencefurth this our graunte and ])rivilege shall furwith cease
determine and be voide anie thinge before mencioned to the
contrar.v hereof in anie wise not withstanding. Wherefore we
will am! straightl.v charge all our said justices officers Minis-
ters and subjects to be ayding and asisting for tin* due obser-
uacion of this our graunte and privilege in all things according
to the tenor of the same. In witness whereof etc. Witnes the
<iuene at Westm the third dav of Januarle.

per breve de private sigillo etc.

Patent Roll. 3 Eliz., p. 13. memb. 34.

An Early Inventor.

The following petition, found among’ the iSIassa-
chusetts Archives (CXXVIII. 60) at the State House,
and published in the Boston Journal, sug-g-ests a -wide
rang'e for the ima^-’ination. It bears no date, but as
Andros was de])osed on April 20. 1689, it must have
been written before that time. Hid iSIr. Talbot, thg
writer, have in mind the apjdication of steam to ma-
chinery ? Or was it electricity that propelled his
“ engine ?"

To Sr Edmond Andros^ Kuiipt Captain Gmcrall U' Governor in
Chief over this; his Majesty s Territorys of Xeve: E.

The humble petition of Christoi>lier T albot Turner in r>oston

Humbl.v slieweth

That whereas .vour iietitioner with great pain"; A’ expence
hath found out an Engine usefull for divers trades men as turn-
ers ropemakers smiths A: all sorts of mills for corn sider saw-
mills A: almost an v thing that is to be done bv wheels with sails
A: also hath discouered to make a b«*at sail agaiii’^t the wind A:
tide A: sundrv other things with more ease A: expedition then
hath bin discovered hitherto either in Europe or America. A:
whereas his Majest.v A: his rovall Predicessors haue at all times
been pleas'd graciousl.v to Encourage all undertakings of this
nature yt whosoever finds out anv new engine or invention pro-
fitable for .ve common good to grant their letters patent for the
sole use therof.

Therefore yr petitioner is humbly bold A: beggs .vt .vr Excel-
enc.v will be pleas'd to grant him .vr letlm's pattents for .ve sole
use A: improvement of the said Engine in these his ^Majesties
territories of Mew : E. for 14 .vears (as is accostomed) A: .vt no
other ])erson shall make use <>f the same or an v such like with-
out 3'r petitioners consent.

wiio is in dut3’ bound Ac shall for ever pra.v.

CiiRiSToniEK Talbot.

A trade journal with a thousand subscribers of-
ten has a greater number of readers of the sort the
advertiser wishes to ajjpeal to than the daily paper
circulating- a hundred thousand copies. — Printers'

Ink.

BRICK BURIAL OVENS.

200

THfi; INVKNTIVE;

SCIENCE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.

• ••••••

Conducted by E. P. Lewis.

Archimedes was a matliaiiiatician and plivsicist
who lived at Syracuse, in Sicily, more than two
thousand years ago. Once Hiero, the king of Syra-
cuse, ordered a goldsmith to make him a new crown
of pure gold. When it was finished he suspected
that the goldsmith had kept some of the gold, mak-
ing u]) the proper weight with some baser metal.
To Archimedes the king gave the task of discovering
the cheat. For a long time tlie philosopher thought
in vain on the problem. Chemical analysis was not
known in those daj's, and there seemed no iiossible
way of discovering the guilt of the goldsmith. But
one day as Archimedes jumiied into his bath some of
the water overtlow’ed, and it suddenly Hashed across
his mind that gold, being so much heavier than any
other substance then known, would if placed in a
vessel filled with yvater cause less to overHow than
any other metal of the same weitrht. He was so
overjoyed at this discovery that he did not wait to
dress, but rushed home through the streets as he
was, to try the experiment. He actually found that
the crown displaced more water than an equal weight
of pure gold, and so the goldsmith was convicted of
fraud. This lead to the discovery of the law, known
as Archimedes’ principle, that a body immer.sed in
a fluid lo.ses in weight by an amount equal to the
weight of the displaced water, and this principle has
been one of the greatest practical use. It is of the
greatest importance in ship-building, and it is also
used in obtaining what is called the specific gravity'
of a substance, which is equal to the weight of a
piece of that substance divided by the weight of an
equal volume of water. It is usually obtained by
weighing the substance first in air and then in water.
The former divided by the loss of weight due to tlie
buoyant effect of the water (which liy Archimedes’
jiriiiciple is equal to the weight of the disiilaced
water) gives the specific gravity. This is often a
useful way of identifying a substance, as we may
see from the experience of Archimedes, for every
substance has its own definite specific gravity.

* -X-

It is remarkable what results may sometimes be
obtained bv very simple means. As an example of
this fact may be mentioned a very good method of
determining specific gravity with no instruments
except a stick, a stone, a tape measure or rule, and
some thread. Siqipose j’ou were travelling in some
lonely place — prosiiecting for gold, perhaps— and
should see a lump of something resembliu.g the iire-
cious metal. Since gold is sucli a heav_v substance,
3'ou could tell from the specific gravity of the lump
whether it was gold or not ; but how would 3'ou go
obout finding the specific gravitv without balances
and weights ? This is the way to do it. vSuspend a
straight stick b_v a thread so tliat it is exactly bal-
anced. Suspend the suspected gold (I by another
thread from one end and counterbalance it with a
stone S near the other end. Measure the distances
AC and BC (see the diag-ram). Then place a vessel
of water under the lump G. The buo3'ant effect of
the water will lighten it 113' the weig-ht of the water
displaced by it. In order to restore the balance it

will be necessaiq' to move the stone S to the dotted
position nearer C. Now b3' appHdng the law of the
lever, that balance is oVitained when the two bodies
are at distances from the point of suspension C in-
versel3" proportional to their weig^hts, it is easy to
calculate by the simjile methods of arithmetical pro-
portion that the specific gravity of G is equal to the
distance BC divided b3' the distance BD, so that,
though we know the weight of neither G or S, we can
determine the specific gravit3' of G.

-X- * *

Whenever electricity is produced in an3' wa3’ there
are alwa3's equal quantities of opposite kinds sepa-
rated, which have the property that two bodies
charged with the same kind attract and two bodies
charged with opposite kinds repel each other. In
most cases there is no difference in the conduct of
these two electricities, called positive and negative,
except such as is shown 153' their action on each
other, but there are a few strange exceptions. One
of the most remarkable of these is seen in the action

of light, especialH' violet-colored light, on charged
bodies. A negative charge will in a short time be
com])letely dissipated by the light, while a positive
charge is not affected. A piece of metal placed in
the sunlig-ht will become charged with positive elec-
tricity. This is due to the fact that the negativ'e
electricity which neutralized the positive is dis-
charg-ed bv the light, leaving" the positive electricity
free. There is also a difference in the appearance of
the discharg'es from the two electrodes of an elec-
trical machine, especialH^ when the discharge takes
place throug-h a tube with a rarefied gas in it. In
the latter case the effect is ver3" beautiful, the dis-
charges var3'ing in color with the gas used, and be-
ing" composed of alternate layers of light and dark-
ness, the cause of which has never been explained.
Glass tubes containing rarefied gases called geissler
or vacuum tubes, have sometimes been used for
illuminations, but so far no one has succeeded in
g"etting" a very brilliant lig"ht from them. For g"ar-
den parties and other occasions where a soft moon-
light effect is desired, they would be very attractive.

Popular Scientific Errors.

Even those who have only an ordinary g-eneral
acquaintance with scientific matters must often be
astounded at the extraordinary statements which
make the rounds of our newsjiapers. In nearH"
ever3^ case a little common sense, backed by the con-
sultation of some recognized authorit3', would pre-
vent these mistakes. One recent paragraph is to
the effect that the Johns Hopkins Universit3" pos-
sesses the most expensive thermometer ever made,
costing $10,()()0. As a matter of fact, a thermometer
costing" $10 is considered a rather expensive instru-
ment, and it would be impossible to make one as
costly as the one mentioned without encrusting it
in diamonds, and this sensational statement, com-
ing from no one knows where, cqused much amuse-
ment at the universit3’" which was said to own the
treasure. Recently a daily jiaper (and a ver3' g^ood
one, too) had an editorial concerning" some pretended
discoveries as to the nature of gravitation. In a su-
perior sort of Wa3' it asserted that Sir Isaac Neu-
ton was supposed to have discovered all about that
subject hmg" ago. The truth is that no one has the
slig"htest idea of the cause of gravitation, though
Sir Isaac succeeded in establishing" its laws. In the
same article Eord Kelvin (Sir William Thomson)
was referred to in a wa3’ which implied ignorance,
that only von Helmholtz can contest with him the
honor of being" the g"reatest living" ph3’sician. It is
also incidentally stated that the law of fallingi" bod-
ies is that the velocity is as the square of the S])ace
fallen through, whereas the reverse is true. And
all this in one article !

Of course a literary or news editor cannot be an
authority on every subject, nor can ever3' paper
em])loy a scientific editor, but ever3’ pajier can iit
least refuse to publish as a fact ever3" stra3' jiara-
gi-raph that floats around on the flims3' authority of
“an eminent scientist,’’ a “German professor,’’ or
“an electrical expert.” Let the name of the au-
thorit3" be given in every case, and when an editor
wants to write an editorial on an3" scientific subject
let him rely more on standard text-books and en-
cyclopedias and less on his imagination.

This seems a good place to put in a plea for that
much over-worked word “ force.” We hear and
read constantly of electricity, magnetism, and heat
as forces, of the force of machines, and of the con-
servation of force. An educational journal, which
ought to know better, recenth' published an edi-
torial paragraph on “the conservation of force.”
Fift3' 3'ears ago, before our ideas on some subjects
had cr3"stalized sufflcientH' to permit of accuriite
scientific definitions, such an expression would have
been allowable, and was actualE^ used b3' such men
as Farada3" and Tyndall, but always with a clear
statement of the idea that they attached to the word.
With our accepted definitions this use of the word
force is g'-rossly inaccurate, for force is that which
moves or tends to move matter, and since action is
always ecjual to reaction the algebraic sum of the
forces of the universe is zero. There is then noth-
ing to conserve. Those who make use of the ex-
pression mean to speak of the conservation of en-
ergy, or the capability of doing work, which de-
pends upon both motion and force. It is likewise
meaningless to speak of tlie force of a machine,
those who do so ""enerally' meaning power, or the
rate of doing work. For example, a machine is of
one horse power when it can do 33,000 foot pounds
of work every minute.

Some scientists are likewise to be blamed for en-
courag'"ing" erroneous ideas 1)3' yielding to the temp-
tation to sacrifice accuracy for scenic effect. All
such men deserve a rebuke like that lately admin-
istered b3' Professor Holden to certain astronomers
who 1)3" their public utterances would lead people to
believe that there is a scientific basis for all the
drivel that appears about the probabilit3' that the
planet Mars is inhabited. We nia3’ know something
about this some day, but we certainly do not at the
present time, and we are too willing to accept fan-

ciful speculations as sound theories — and it is just
this that has brought the word theory into such un-
deserved contempt. A sound theory can rest only
on demonstrated facts. It is really a part, and a
ver3' essential part, of our practical knowledge.
Can a man be considered practically educated unless
he has learned to use his brains as well as his hands?

E. P. LEtvis.

Primative Inventions.

The Patent Office and the students of primitive
invention have been brought into interesting asso-
ciation 1)3' a series of specimens in the U. S. National
Museum. These specimens come from the Pueblo
Indian tribes of New Mexico, from Ancient Mexico,
from Lapland and from the old collection of colo-
nial apparatus made in Brooklyn. It is curious to
find the same invention in so main' places so widely
separated, not only in distances but in the grades of
their culture. The specimens referred to are a kind
of harness or heddle used in weaving narrow belts
or strips of cloth. The a])paratus consists of a series
of rods, twigs, reeds, bits of bamboo placed in a row
near together and fastened to a transverse rod along
the top and to a narrow transverse rod along the
bottom. These vertical twig"S have each a small
hole burned through the center. In the Lapland
specimen a block of wood like a thin board is cut
out so as to leave the u])per margin C3'lindrical and
the remaining" portion or t3'mpanum is pierced with
longitudinal saw cuts leaving a series of vertical
slats not over a quarter of an inch wide and each
one of these series has a hole burned through the
middle. In the old colonial specimen this Lapland
ap])aratus is attached to a long stem fastened to a
block of wood serving as a basis.

In specification No. 334,320 in the United States
Patent (ifflce there is a drawing" of a simple ma-
chine of this kind in which perforated wires take
the place of the vertical slats. Except in the detail
of raw material and the method of putting the thing
together, the operation of all of these different in-
ventions is exactly the same. The warp threads
are passed through and between the horizontal se-
ries. One end of the warp is fastened either to a
thread or to a stick held between the weaver’s feet
or to some other oliject ; the other end of the warp
is tied around a cylindrical block of wood which is
attached to a lielt passing" around the body of the
weaver, so that at a slight motion of the bod3' for-
ward or backward the warp can be tightened or
loosened. The weaving is performed by lifting the
heddle frame with the left hand. This brings one
half of the warp threads above the other, acting
like the harness of a loom. An3' kind of a shuttle
ma3' be used to pass the weft between the warp
threads and a flat stick like a jiaper cutter or a sail-
or’s weaving" sword will be used to beat the weft
thread home. Then the heddle is pushed downward
with the left hand which crosses the warp thread in
another direction and the weft is broug"ht back
and beaten home. By this process ver3' jiretty pat-
terns in belts ma3' be made.

Now, the question at once arises “ how did the
Mexicans and all the Puelilo tribes of Indians learn
to make this apparatus ? ” How does it happen
that we find it also among the Lapps, who are Finno-
tatar stock and in BrookL'ti, to whose population it
would not do for me to say that they belong to any
savag"e tribe whatever? Finally, the apparatus has
found its way into the patent office of Germany and
the author has been able to secure for himself a pat-
ent upon a machine whose operations ma3' be seen
anv da3' in the Mexican codices or among the Zuni
Indians, or in use by the dark eyed peoples of Hels-
ing"fors. There are those who account for all simi-
larities of this kind by saying that similar environ-
ments, opportunities and wants result in similar in-
ventions and this is true in a general way but it is
also indisputable that the more similar inventions
are found to be in different parts of the world the
g"reater is the evidence of contiguit3' among the
people who possess these inventions. They have
either been taug"ht by the same people to practice
the art or those who possess it are the descendants
of a common ancestor from whom they have re-
ceived it.

My pur])ose in sending this brief note to the In-
ventive Age is to ask ever3'one interested in tex-
tile matters to call my attention to this peculiar
form of heddle or harness in any part of the world
where the3' ma3' have come across it. By associat-
ing" the results of all studies it will then be possible
to make a map, showing the distribution in time and
places and to derive from this study some results
with reference to solving the question whether each
individual people has invented the apparatus inde-
pendently or whether there has been some sort of
contact between those who use it.

Otis T. Mason.

Inventors will find information in The Inventive
Age, from time to time, worth nian3' times the sub-
scription price, $1 a year, postage paid.

THB INVENTIVH AGE:

201

Advertisements inserted in this column for 20
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Every new subscriber seiidinjr $1.00 to The In-
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pOR SALE. — Street Car Motor; Patent No.
* 524,%1, issued August 21. 1H04. Correspon-

dence solicited. Address, W. H. H. Stineman,
Hicks Mill, Md., or Edward 1. Clark, 110 St.
Paul street, Baltimore, Md.

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 500,551; Combination
Tool; 6 tools in one; has been thoroughly
tested. Will sell entire right or let on royalty.
For further particulars address James I).
Barnett, Jenkins, Barry Co., Mo.

pOR

1 CM

SALE. — Or trade. Patent No. 524,1165, is-
sued August 7, 1S')4, oil Journal Ilearinu-,
being- a simple mecliaiiisni comprising an
upper and lower member, the latter being pro-
vided with recesses for retaining balls, vield-
inglv supported therein for the shaft to rest
upon. Undoubtedly the best iournal bearing
ever devised. A good opportunity for some
one; sale or trade. Address, Daniel I. Lybe,
Sidney, la.

pOR

■ Vi

SALE. — My patent,
veyer. For particulars
Michalouski, Pulaski, Wis.

No. 523,074; Con-
address Kaietan

ture; hundreds sold in Ohio at $10.00 each. Coj)-
ies of recommendations furnished prospective
purchasers. Address, T. W. McDougal, 50
Hamilton Ave., Chicaeo, 111.

SALE. — Patent outright, or state or coun-
ty" rights — patent granted Jan. 17, 1893, on
n’(or"Mud) Skirts; sickness is reason for
ing. Address, Patent Rain Skirt Co., 828

Rai
selling
Vilet St., Milwaukee Wis.

10-1 1

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 489,554; A Milk Can
• which under air pressure prevents the
milk from churning while in transit. Milk
dealers should have this milk can. Address,
James Cantwell, P. O. Box No. 409 Washington,
1). C. 10-12

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 483,8‘)9; Improved
r Rice Huller; delivers the grain in separate
bins according to size of grain, etc.; has many
other improvements in hulling rice. Address,
James Cantwell, P. O. Box No. 409, Washington,
I). C. 10-12

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 524,279, Rocking
^ Chair. Enables occupant, through easy
push on the rocking foot or arm rest, to swing
and rock combined. Adjustable parts. State
and count3" rights for sale. Address John Kolt-
mann, Leaunette, Pa.

pOR SALE. — Cheap if patent is sold at once,
” patent No. 524,2tX). The greatest thing on
the market; oil or li(juid measure and filler;
does awaj’ with measures and funnels. A for-
tune in it; unlimited sales. W. Keepers, Phila-
delphia. Pa.

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 509,673; Step or Ex-
^ tension Ladder; sells on sight; change
made in a moment; strong, light and durable.
No ropes to wear out, nor springs to loosen.
Town, countj’ or state rights for sale. Exclu-
sive territory given. Address the inventor,
W. J. Osborne, Sonora, Steuben- Co., New York.

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 522,202: Hand Truck;
* a pivoted toe-section connected thereto and
means for operating it. The best hand truck
ever invented. Will send cop.v of patent and
specifications to any one desiring to investigate
a good thing with a view to investment. Will
sell patent on good terms. Address, Joseph
Frenette, Chippewa Falls, Wis.

pOR SALE. — M3' patent. No. 523,388, anchor

■ for check-row olanter. Address, J. Valen-
ti ne^Aj^lingtomlowa^

pOR SALE. — M3' patent. No. 522,695, dated

■ Jul3' 10, 1894; Buggy or Bottle Washer, to
connect with water hose. Will revolve a brush
ill applying water. Kindl3' give me an offer.
Address C. A. Palni«iuist, 1725 1st avenue, W.,
Spokane, Wash.

..SALE or ro3'aUy. ptitented Ma3' 29,1894,
No. 520,612 Unique Thill Strap Hook or

Holdbac Fastener. Write Wni. Rice, Rome,
9-11

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 503,781, dated August

* 22, 1893; Novel Coal Elevator for Transfer-
ring Coal from Boats. Great saving in power.
For further particulars address patentee, W.
F. Austin, 328 Second street, Albany, N. Y.

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 524,358; Improved

* Doubletree. Will sell or place on ro3'alty

Geo. H. Talbot, Lansing, Mich.

pOR SALE. — Allen Braced Wire Fence. New
^ patent using bridge principles. Strong
and simple, state and count3' rights. Circulars
on api)lication. J. E. Allen, 53 Ross St. Wil-
li ajnsporcFiu ^

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 520,460, issued May
^ 29, 1894, Kitchen Cabinet; will sell entire

right U. S., b3' States or divisions, chea]^ for
cash or satisfactor3' terms. Best houseliold
article known; a novely; can be made cheap.
Address, Minnie S. Thomas, Waterville,Wash.

C "2 000 " bu3'85 counties of the state of

Ohio, which the purchaser can
make$15,000 b3' selling the counties. The pat-
ent is a Churn Dasher for the old up and down
churn that sell fen* * $1; each patentodjlast Feb-
ruar3'. Win. A. McMechan, St. Clairsville,
Ohio.

pOR SALE. — Outright or State rights, pat-
^ out granted September 26, 1893. No. 505, (»10,
Improved Fruit Drier; thoroughly tested, good
testimonials. Address, A. Jones, Pratt and
President Sts., Baltimore, Md. 8-10

BUSINESS SPECIALS.

Advertisements under this heading 20 cents a
line each insertion — seven words to the line.
Parlies desiring to purchase valuable patents
or wanting to manufacture patented articles
will find this a valuable advertising medium.

\)^ANTED. — A patent on a Game'Apparatus ;

will give half interest for some one to
furnish the mone3' to get patent, etc. If 3 0U
want an interest in a good tiling, write to J. W.
Wright. Buffalo Gap, Ta3’lor Co., Texas.

VVANTED.— An agenc3' for Philadelphia or
New York, of one or more articles of
merit. Can furnish some capital and have
plent3' of energ3' to push the sale of ain’tliing
having merit. Address, giving full particulars,
“ S. A. P.” care of Inventive Age, Washington,
D. C.

patenting

..t U I 1 1 1 1 1 1 to

vention, a Slot Machine for Retailing Cigars.
Machine receives all coins from a penny to a
dollar, gives correct change, and produces ci-
gars from box. For further particulars address
David R. Huston, Hubbard, Minn.

"V^ANTED. — To sell or place on ro3'alty.
Paper File; holds aipv number from 500
to 10,000. Any paper can be removed and re-
])laced without interfering with aipv other,
llest ever invented. Address A. Armstrong,
Box 141, Noblesville, Ind.

\)^ARNING.— Do not manufacture or use that
VT French Hand Cultivator advertised in the
Philadelphia Record Ma3’ 24. It is an infringe-
mont on m\' patent, 444.366, advertised in Inven-
tive Age. March 22, 1892, and in American In-
ventive Progress, Indianapolis, 1893, F. T.
Neilsch, Houston. Texas.

■V^ANTED.— A partner who will loan me $100
for one t'ear and take one-third interest
in valuable and ine.xpensive invention. For
further information address E. AV. Barton,
Windsor, N. Y. 9-10

Y\/ANTED.— 9 L'o correspond with inventors
with a view of selling State rights. In-
vention must be practicle and useful. Address
J. S. Busselle, care of Inventive Age.

Practical Suggestion for Irrigation.

To THE Editor: Allow me, through 3'our
columns, to draw attention to a plan of irriga-
tion suggested b.v me in the nionthlv report of
the Agricultural Bureau a dozen or more 3'ears
ago. The plan is not to divert the water from
tlie rivers and spread it over the country, but
to store it up, where it falls, upon the hills. Of
course this scheme has no application to the
arid regions of the west; but to the hill sides of
the Atlantic states, and especiall3' to the up-
lands of those states.

The plan is simply to make adequately large
canals, or ditches, horizontalbv around the hill
sides, and to give them no outlet. The3' should
be large and deep enough to hold the water that
falls during the heaviest rains. The3' should
be, perhaps, 150 to 2<K1 feet apart. The water
thus stored would gradually percolate through
the earth in dr3’ seasons and nourish vegetation
instead of washing awa3' the soil and overllow-
ing the streams as is now the case.

If the plan was adopted all along the banks
of a stream, a further good effect would be to
save the crops in the low grounds from ruin by
the floods that now almost annuall3’ deluge
them. A planter now considers himseif in luck
if the labor of the 3’ear upon his best lands is
not destro3'ed in a night b3' an xA.ugust freshet.
This is particularlv’ true of the south Atlantic
states and the Gulf states as well. But it is
true of ever3’ part of the hill country of the
United States which is not embraced in the
desert regions of the west.

Under present circumstances the rule has
been, especially in the south, to clear a forest,
cultivate it at most for two generations, and
then abandon the uplands, which have been
denuded of the soil b3' heav3' rains which have
plowed their wa3’ to the creeks and rivers in
deep gullies. The torrents, not content with
leaving desolation behind them, cause the
streams to overflow and flood the low ground.

Another incidental good would result from
the plan I propose — in saving the mills from
being washed awa3' b3’ the freshets, while the
ponds would receive a steadv supply of abun-
dant water to keep the mill-wheel running, a
consideration which the people of ever3' neigh-
borhood in the uplands will appreciate.

The plan of irrigation I propose would cost
money or labor; but the problem is worth con-
sidering. How maipy poor hill-side crops and
how main' drowned crops on the lowlands if
substituted b3' good crops would pay for the
ditches? Daniel R. Goodloe.

“Tips to Inventors.”

This is one of the most instructive and useful
works for mechanics and inventors. Its author
is Robert Grinishaw, M. E., and the book, cloth
bound, retails for$I. The Inventive Age for
one year and “ Tips to Inventors ” will be sent
to any address for $1,50

AFTERMATH.

The Homestead works of the Carnegie Com-
patpv have resumed operations in all depart-
ments.

The Leliigh Valley Railroad did the heav-
iest business in its history during the month
of August.

The Oresth Window Glass Factor\’ at An-
derson, Ind., has started up after an idlmess
of eight months.

The next meeting of the National Electric
Light Association, will be held in Cleveland,
February 19-21, 1895.

Experiments are to be made by the Arms'
Ordnance Department with smokeless powder
in the 8-inch, lO-inch and 12-inch guns,

ViTRiFEi) brick for street ])aving purposes,
has been pronounced a failure in Cincinnati,
where a thorough trial has been made.

Since the jiassage of the tariff bill the im-
ports have been so heav3' at I’hiladelphia, the
wharves have been fair^v choked up with
goods.

Hir.am Maxim, the inventor, declares that if
given $25i),00d to build a practical air shijj on
his plans he will undertake to cross the Eng-
lish cliannel before August 31, 1895.

The Erie Car Works at Erie, Pa., burned
September 24. Tlie loss i:> put at $2IX),(MM) ; in-
surance, $(j0,(M)q. The works had not been
operated for two 3’ears, owing to litigation.

The Essie Printer is being brought forward
again, this time at Cleveland. It is an ingen-
ious machine which sends and receives mes-
sages in typewriter form, on a regular sheet.

A German, named Chas. E. Wemheefer, was
arrested in Washington on the 30th inst., and
examined as to sanit3'. He claims to be the in-
ventor of a medicine that will electrlf3' the
■world.

Inventors are pitching in again sa3’s Elec-
trical Review. The hard times of the past 18
months suppressed a great deal of inventive
genius. But it only slumbered and is now
awake again.

The Inventive Age is indebted to Eustace
AV. Hopkins, of the patent firm of Hopkins &
Leuz, Berlin, for a translation of the new Ger-
man Law for the protection of trade marks,
dated May 12, 1894.

The largest tin plate factor3’ in the United
States, has been located at Anderson, Ind. A
bonus of $20,060 was paid. The plant is to be
what is known as a 12-mill concern and will
eniplo3' 800 skilled workmen.

The tin plate works of Saunders, Fielding
& Bond, in Jerse3' Cit3' have been closed. Their
roofing plates will hereafter be imported from
AVales. Hughes & Patterson, a Philadelphia
concern, has also closed down.

The naval experts of the world are intentH'
watching the great naval battles now in pro-
gress in the far east. Japan, though no match
for her antagonist, China, in iiuniberof men, is
her superior in ever3' other respect. Upon sea
or upon land, where the forces engage in bat-
tle,-the one story is borne to the watchers of
Japan’s victories, China’s huniilation and de-
feat.

Col. C. W. Taladee, of Freeport, 111., an in-
ventor of national reputation died from an
overdose of morphine administered 63- his own
hand on the 6lh ult. During his life Taladee
was granted over two hundred patents, nian3'
of them ver3' valuable, among them being tlie
Eclipse spring used extensiveCv on buggies.
He edited the first carriage trade journal ever
published in this country. He leaves a widow
who resides at Galveston, Te.x.

Prof. Hermann von Helmoltz, the cele-
brated German scientist who was recentU'
stricken with paraU’sis for the second time,
died at Berlin, (renuaipy, on September 8.
Professor Helmholtz came to the United States
as the Imperial German Delegate to the
AVorld's Congress of Electricians, and was
made Honorar3’ President of the Congress. At
the close of the Congress Professor Helmholtz
visited New York and Boston, where lie was
made the lion of the hour.

Detectives Needed Here.

Superintendent Chas. x\.inge, of the National
Detective Bureau, Indianapolis, Ind., announces
that two or three capable and trustworth3' men
are needed in this countv' to act as private detec-
tives under his instructions. E.xperience in the
work is not necessary to success. He edits a
large criminal paper and will send it with full
particulars, which will explain how 3'ou mav-
enter the profession b3' addressing him at In-
dianapolis, Ind.

Disbarred.

Samuel J, Brown, Philadelphia, Pa., has
been disbarred from practice before the U. S.
Patent Office.

The Commissioner of Patents gives notice
that all solicitors, agents or attorne3*s who re-
fer to him or an3' official in the Patent Office,
for evidence of their official standing do so
without authoritN'.

“Bubier’s Popular Electrician" is tlie
name of a nionthlv publication which contains
a vast amount of valuable information on all
electrical subjects. Its department of “Ques-
tions and Answers" will be appreciated b\'
students and amateurs desiring information oV
instruction on any problem that may arise.

Till. In\ i:nti\'e A(/J-. lia'^ mad* -]j»-i ia’ arrang*--
nu-nt wlifFt-bs' wi- can su]jjd3' lliat jjopular
dollar journal and Tin; Inventi\ i. A(.i. boili
publicati<jns oiu* \'rar— for 51. 5o.

E£lectric IMashes.

Pliiladflphia lias 4.m2ii mIi-ci ric sinM-i ligh*-.
while Ni‘\v A’«>rk boasis <>f bui 1.3<hi.

An eh'ctric litu- from PiUshurgli to CliiLag<j,
is otie of till* m-w sclii*nu‘s ** talKa-il “ «jf.

An eh'Ctric wi-i-d-lcilli tig di-vict* i- tin* latest
success on the Illinois Cetiiral railway.

Mancliester and \A’incln-sier. iwt> Oliiociue-
25 miles ajjart. are to be connected bv an elec-
tric railwa3'.

Mr. K. J. Duiisian was elected pre-Mlent of
the Canadian Electrical .VsNociation at its re-
cent meeting in Mmilreal.

Queen Victtjria will 11 si- elect ricit\’ fot coo ki rig
purposes. The neci-ssary aijjjaratus ha'- been
installed at Osborne, in the Nle of Wight.

For carelessly handling a motorcar. Michuel
Lewis, niotormaii. of Newark, lias been sm-
senienced to one Near in the peiiileiuiarN' for
manslaughter.

The new tunnel of the Baltimore lic Ohio Rail-
way in Baltimore is about completed and ar-
rangements for running the trains by eU^clric
locomotives have lu‘en perfected.

A quilt has beeti devised with wires woven
througlioiit it so that an electrii. curn*ni can be
passed through tiie wires to heat them, thus
diffusingja gentle heat throughrjut the quilt.
This new (]uiU is called the thermogen.

It is said that Page, of AVashington. in l.'Cl,
succeeded in obtaining a spee<l of nineteen mih-s
per hour with a car carr3 ing a number of per-
sons and driven l)v a si.xleen horse-power elec-
tric motor. This result is practicall3’ the same
as that obtained- from the nnist 'improved trnl-
le\' cars of toda3'. both in s]>eedand power.

The United States Circuit Court of Appeals
at Pliiladephia. having di'clari-d void the
“Feeder and Main** patents of tlii- Edison Com-
pan\’. Electrical Review takes occasion to ob-
serve that the decision should not be taken as a
blow at patents, but rather it should be consid-
ered as favoring accurate patents that do not
claim too much.

A new electric fountain has been erected at
Ifittsburg excelling in size and beaut3' the
great fountains that delighted s<> many people
at the AA'orld's Fair. The cost was about $25,-
<K)0. The basin of the fountain is 126 feet in
diameter and the height of the central jet of
water is 200 feet, fift3' feet higher than that at
the AA^orld's Fair.

Newspaper Reporters Wanted.

AA'e are informed that the Modern Press As-
sociation wants one or two newspaper cor
respondents in this countv. The work is light
and can be performed bv either UuU* or gentle-
man. Previous e.xperience is not necessars',
and some of our voung men and women and
even old men would do well to secure such a
position, as we understand it takes only about
one-fourth of vour time. For further particu-
lars address Modern Press Association, Chi-
cago, in.

PREMIUnS TO SUBSCRIBERS.

Read the following offers to new sub-

scribers:

OUR $1 OFFER.

The Inventive Age one 3 ear and two
copies of anv patent desired, or one

cop3' of any two patents $1 00

The Inventive Age one year and a list
of 50 firms who manufacture and sell
patented articles 1 00

The Inventive Age one 3'ear and x\lto-

graph map of the Cit3* of AA’ashington 1 00
The Inventive Age one year and a five
line (35 words), advertisement in our
"Patents For Sale," or “Want" col-
umn, one time 1 00

For $1 .

The Inventive Age and ain- one of the
following Scientific books:

How to iMake Electric Batteries at
Home, full3’ illustrated, b.v Edward
Trevert.

Every bod3'*s Handbook of Electricit3',
illustrated, b3' Trevert.

How to Make a T)3'nanio, b}’ Trevert.
Practical Directions for Electric Bell
Fitting and Electric Gas Lighting,
b.v Trevert.

Eliiiu Thompson’s AA'hat is Electric-
ity?

OUR $1.35 OFFER.

The Inventive Age one year and Jo-
seph Allen Minturn's famous book
“The Inventor's Friend." indorsed b3'
such high aiithorilies, as Dr. Gatling,

Clem vStudebaker and others, $1.35

Book alone 50 cents.

The Inventive Age one .vear and any
one of the popular and instructive
books as per offer in another column,
under heading of “ Popular Scientific

Books." $1.35

e Inventive Age one 3'ear and ain'
one of the “Excelsior Edition of vStan-
dard Poets," mentioned elsewhere in

this magazine $1.35

E Inventive Age one 3'ear and a copy
of “Picturesque AVashington," 260 pp.,

136 illustrations, Stilson Hutchins’ fa-
mous book, former price $2, sent to
anv address in the United States $1 35

See another column ft>r other offers.

OUR $1.50 OFFER.

The Inventive Age one year and Robt.
Grinisliaw's famous book "Tips to In-
ventors ” $1 50

Address all communications to

THE INVENTIVE AGE,

Washington, D. C,

THK INVENTIVE^ AGE

%

CLASSIFIED list of Patents issued during the month appears in each issue of the InvBnTive Age, which keeps inventors posted in the art in which they are

mostly interested. The full address of anj- patentee, and number of parent found below sent to any address on receipt of one 2-cent stamp. We will

send, postpaid, to any address, printed copies of any U. S. patents, with specifications and drawings, upon receipt of 20 cents for one copy ; 35 cents for two
(opies; 50 cents for three copies. (See premium offer elsewhere in this issue.) Address THE INVENTIVE AGE, 8th And H Sts., Washington, D. C

LIST OF PATENTS

GKANTKI) FOR INVENTIONS,
AUGUST 28, 1894.

Adjustable chair. C H Knight, L A Olii
Chester ainl D S Ilelyea.

Advertising cabinet. A Bourlier.

Alaini luck, electric. .T Slater.

Andiron. .1 K (Irogan.

Animal trap. G A Dumbeck.

Antumatic brake. V P Wigley.

Axle, vehicle. C Burns.

Baling pre.ss. R II t^ray.

Barometer, aneroid. D Logan.

Bearing, lubricating. S Straker.

Bed brace. W li Mothtt.

Bell, electric, li Valley. Jr.

Bell, eiectruinagnetic call. J J Geary.

Belt busteners, die for bending teeth of blieet
metal. W O Talcott.

Belt fasteners, machine for making
metal. W < ) Talcott.

Bicycle iiamlle, adjustai'le. K C W hayue.
Bicycle .saddle. L 31 I>evore.

Bicycle signal. P K Mattlies.

Blocks, manufacture of hollow, J B Gran-
jon and 0 Bellon.

Boiler. T A 3Iyei\s.

Boiler tubes, apparatus for removing in-
crustation from. I> P .Vnllmiiy.

Boom for holding and towing logs or timber.
W F 8teven.s.

Boring tool. F II Biclianls.

Bottle ‘Z. F K Blaisdell.

Bottle corking machine. A A Piinlstofte.
Bottle stop[)er. .1 llosenfeld ami 8 W 31ackey.
Bottle washer. 31 K Ponally.

Bowling alley. W II Wiggins and T II
Vamlerhoef.

Bracket or rest for w*.ik benches, etc. A
Griesemer.

Breast 3Upport<‘r. 31 Tucek.

Brick press. L F Gerding and E 0 Harri-
son.

Broodf'f. I) 0 Brunner.

Bru.sh, fountain marking. A G Garling,
Blitter package c«iver. O W Stm ns.

Button clast, collar. J B Wolgeinuth and
G 8 Fugle.

Buttons o garments, machine for attaching.
1» A Carpenter.

Bnttoner, combined shoe and glove. I E
3Iushette.

Cakes, etc., with icing, macliine for coating.
J 11 31itchell.

Can heading machine. J Gould, Jr.

Can washer. 31 Letson and F Burpee.

Car coupling. It Bennett.

Oar coupling. T 8eyfiTed.

Cur coupling. (• T Tliomas.

Car Coupling. A J Walker.

(.'ar fender. W F 8 Uohinsoii.

Car femier. C E 8truck.

Car fender and brake, comhliied. II W
Evans

Car loading machine. T Beck.

Car lock. C E Buckley.

Car safety guard, street. W II Itice.

Car, stock. J 31 Burton.

Car, strewt. W F 8 Kohinsoii.

Car switch o[ierating device, railway. B B
Breed.

Cars, etc., device for preventing acci<Ieuts on
street. A McKerlie.

Cars, safety fender for tram, electric or cable.
II S Rohiii-S

Carbon filaments, manufacture of. T A Ed-
ison

Carding machines, feed alarm for. W W
Gonloii and T F (’ye.

Cards, pocket recej)tacle for. R 8enni‘r.

Cai [)et holding and hewing apparatus. E B
Allen.

Casli register and indicator with electric
alarm attachment. J B Xeslut.

Cement walks, forming. W J Haddock.
Chain, drive. Jn Brown.

Cliair. A Burkholder.

Cdiimuey guard. C N Partlow^

Cliurn. J A. Howard.

Cigarette machine. A P and E P Scara-
manga.

Circuit breaker. C Chosney.

Circuit clo.''ing device. .1 J Geary.

Clock, chiming. 8 Willcock.

Clothes clamp. B P Reilly.

Coagulant. J Van lUiynibeke.

Coal drill. J (.’oilier.

Compensating device. C Cade.

Cooker, steam. J E Hill.

Clift holder. J J Hnket.

Cultivator shovel. J W Bartlett.

Cultivator, sulky. K V Dorsey.

Cultivator, wheel. D Mott.

Cultivator, wheel. A Plagman.

Curling iron, il Smith.

Currents, method of ami api)aratus for
clianging period and phrase of alternating.
C S Bradley.

Cuitain hanger. 31 Gair.

Cycles, device for aiternatiug speed of. R
Schweers and C Fuchs.

Decapping or recapi)iDg implement. W A
Wright.

Dental or surgical chair. E P Stiles.

I)ental tool guard. A E Peck.

Desk or talile, writing. C and L Bonn.

Dry battery. J I Solomon.

Dumping device. T S 3IilhT.

Dye, black azo. A Weinberg.

Dynamite. H A Callahan.

Ear trumpet. J Prince.

Egg case or shipping crate, folding. C B
Proctor.

Elastic ftuid under pressure, apparatus for
generating. E Laugen.

Elastic or plastic composition. J Pattigler,
Electric light wires, rosette for. D J Cart-
wright.

Electric machines, means for mounting and
driving dynamo. A L Hiker.

Electric motor. A V 3leserole.

Electric switch, tbiid oiterated. J JP Clariot.
End gate. F Setciiiger.

gate and scoop board fastening device.
J H 3loore.

Expansible bolt. W 31 Levering.

Fabric, machine for making slat and wire.
K F Guess.

I'arm gate. J D Pine.

Fence [lost. R B Robbins.

Filter and traji, .saml. J Blnmer.

Fire alaun apparatus, electrical. E W Jung-
ner.

Firearm handle. J H Wesson.

Firephu e heater, open F Hinds.

Fi,sh|)i)le holder. P Bmki*.

Flnsliing apparatus, automatic F WaUier.
Foot warmer portai'le. I P.oyd and B Ilard-
e.sty.

Fo»eeps. E Whisson,

Fruit lia.-ikel and erute. R E Morey.

Emit or lard press. (,' F 3leyer.

Fnrnaee grate. 8 F Huhliins.

Furnaces, Idast feeding apparatus for. E
( ’artwright.

Gai barge reeej)tacle. 11 A Heidsiock.

Gas, |)rocess of and a])paratu.s for making.
3\’ !•’ Brown.

Ga.s I'urifying apparatus. G E Gilliaiis and
J Richter.

Gate. R <) 8 Bosworth.

Gate. A D Xeft.

Gale. T B Taylor.

Grain sejiaiator. H Bailey and W L Gilson.
Grate. E C 8coville.

Giin, gas operated. W 3Iason.

Handle. L 31 Devtire.

Harrow disk sliaipener. 31 A Cameron and
G T I>awson.

Hooi» mill atta' hineut. F L Clark.

Hyilraiit. C Hayes.

Hydraulic motor. J II Bo\il.

Ice making apparatus. J Pi ice and 31 C
Bannister.

Ice severing devi<-p. L Pnsey.

Ice sliaver. I L Egner.

Tee tongs. J Hertner and E Disher.

Insulator, L W Bradb'y.

Iron into steel, converting east. W X Tag-
gart.

Key fastener. F E Allen.

Knit fal'i ic ami metlioil of an apparatus for
pi oducing same. W R Cartledge.

Knit gifods, seam for cut. 8 Borton.
launp, central draft. F Rhiml. (Reissue)-
Lump cut out, incandeseent electric. W F
8niith.

Lamp, edectric arc 2. E Tliompsun.

Last. J Howard.

Lathe, Ctioper's. H Schmidt.

Leatlier cutting ey Under. E T 3Iarhle.
Lifting jack T 3Iaxon.

Lifting jack. F Wiser.

Ltick. B 8 3Iiles.

Locks, guard forl)olts of spring. J W Gray.
Locomotive. < ' I lagans.

Low {uessnre alarm. G Heftaer.

Lubricator G Binder.

Lumber register. W H Emerson,

3Iacerator for fruit, etc, 0 E Itavidson.
Magazine camera J Tascher.

3Ianhole cover. TPGieger.

31aible, making aitificial PA 3Iorean.
3lalcli. P Loien/aml R Wuj>pcrmann.
3I''a>ure and funnel, comidned, B (J Ree.se
and 1 1 B Cade.

BleaMiring and drafting apparatus, garment.
31 Iloni.

3Ieat tendering machine. J Ilehsdorfer.
31iddlings iimifier. E B Wliitmore.

31illing machine, nut. J 11 Brown aud H.
W 8mith.

31iiring machines, nuiveisal head for. F
Kenipsmilh.

3Iitt‘r box. K L Hyller.

31olding, dry sand. W C Wood.

3loukey wreiieli, compouml actijii. 8 31
Friede.

3Ionnment. W Oliaver.

31otion, ineclianisin for converting pedal.
T Baker.

3Ioweis, platform raking attachment for,
A B Miller.

3Iowing machines. Knowlton.

3[owing machine cutter bar. F. I Peaslec.
Nailing macliine, duplex. G A Ambler.
Name plate attaclinieiit. C W Ruth.

Oar, bow facing. B F Kimsey.

(►arlock. G Carton.

Oil hurner attachment. B Cross.

Oyster dredge, D E Powers.

Package or barrel, knockdown. C Richard-
son.

Packing box. E Noloii.

Packing, idston. "W Goo<hnan.

Packing, steam. J II Weitmyer.

Paper hanger's roller. W Jones.

Peeling table, fruit. F 31 Anderson.

Pencil >harpener. W P 3Iayes.

I’erfeeting press, ftat bed. J L Cox.
Permutation lock. W B Ward and J II 3Ior-
ris.

Photographic camera. J Tasclier.

Piano action, ujuight. K V Barnekov.

Pipe fastener. T (’ BeMing
Pipe or nut wrench. H 31 Glines.

Pipes, manufacture of, G W Fox,

Planter and cultivator, combined potato. J
31 Blake.

Pole coupling, carriage. 3V J Kauffman.
Pole, vehicle. J B 8truble.

Powdered materials, ajiparatus for agitating
and blending. J 8 Detwiler.

Powdered materials, apparatus for blending.

J S Detwiler.

Printing press. J L Cox.

Pulley, guide. G H Geyer.

Pumps, means for operating. J \ Hogan

and D 3IcGrath.

Railway signal, electrical. W F Seymour.

Rail way switcli. W l>ouglas.

Railway switch stand. E 31 Robinson.

Railway tie N Benjamin.

Railway track liner. 1> Richardson.

Railway trains, water service system for.
J 3IcNaug]iton.

Railways, electric time signal for. R D
Patterson.

Razor sharpening machine. C L Thornton.

Refiigeratins: nuichiues, lubricating. S S
and C W 31iles.

Refrigerator. F Koehler, Jr.

Reverberatory furnace. 31 J Murdoch.

Ring frame spindle. E Gessner.

Rock or ore breaker. R D Gates.

Rolling mill. J Fawell ami J Hemphill.

Rolling mill. J Hemphill, J F Wilcox aud
J Fa well.

Rolling mill appliance. J M Price,

Roofing [)late, metal. R Fricdel.

Ko[>e d'iving api'aratus. J H H<iadley.

Rotary steam engine. S C Shepard.

Rule, plumb. F Holt.

Safety lock. G Bergevin.

Sandpapering macliiues, j)olishing cylinder
for. F E Sclimitt.

Sasli balance. 8 B Sutton.

Saw, shop 2. W W Holmes.

Screw, archimedeaii. J Dyson and R H
Williamson.

Seaicli lights, tilting device for. P J Daugli-
erty and W F Litteii.

Seesaw. 31 3Iayer.

Sewing macliine. E B Allen.

Sewing machine. S Barton.

Sewing macliine. Z T French and W C
31y<‘r.

Sewing machine. E 3Tiirpliy.

Sewing machino needle tlireader. T R
Fischer.

Sewing macliine thread cutter. S Borton.

Sewing machines, guide for carpet. E B
Allen,

Sewing machines, guiding and pile control-
ling device for carpet. E B Allen

Shaft siipiiort. vehicle. J A NVheatlcy and
S 31 Worthington.

Slialting, straightening machine for. W
Gopley and H E Hogsuii.

Slie»‘t metal I'ipe. J Schmidt and J Weitzel.

Shells, ejector mechanism for explodeil. D
31 l.<etever

Shingles ami headings, machine for cutting.
.\ B Ireland.

Shipping cases, knockdown rack fur sup-
porting. J II Bowley.

Shoe. li A Jewelsky.

Shoe upi)ers, seam hammering device for.

I Sciimiedl.

Skate, wlieel or roller. J G A Kitchen.

Smoke consumer. II F Ray and A Dewey.

Sni>w I'low. 31 L Stewart.

Soap pressing or stamping machine. E El-
bert.

Sole clianiieling knife. W H Illsley and J
(J( ».>k.

Sjiaik arrestor. J 3IcMurrin.

Specific gravities, separating materials of
diftereiit. N W Holt.

^ l)inrier, organize. J Duffy.

Split link center i>in liook. W Hodge and
J Pearson.

Spooling or wimling macliine. J 31 Parker.

Springs, means for limiting tension of driv-
ing. P Wendelboe.

Squirrel exterminator. T R Barney.

Stacker, pneumatic. G A Raasch and II
Falii meier.

Stairway. J Fullerton.

Stamp, Combined luinting and cutting. B
B Hill.

Stamps, etc., device for protecting and pre-
venting re-use of revenue. D 0 Harrison.

Station indicator. A C Allyn.

Steam or hot water boiler. W 31 3Iackey.

Steam sep;irator. P Goan.

Stone sawing apparatus. 31 L Ritchie.

Stone structures, filling for joints, fractures,
etc., of. C H Slicer.

Storage battery 2 H K Hess.

Stove, gas. C H 3Iiller.

Stove, hut air. H J Wattles.

Stove, liot air heating. 0 S Dean.

Street sweeper. W A (’Ireen.

Stml, lacing. A 3rathison.

Stinl->, making lacing. F B 3Ianville.

Sulky. F S Stoddard.

Surgical splint. L A Deiither.

Switch operating mechanism. W H Zerhe,

Syringe. S F Yount.

Target trap. W Donaldson.

Telephone transmitter. J aud H 31 Good-
man.

Telephones, coin controlled lock for. P
Cooke and J L Harley.

Thill or pule support, vehicle. J Bairet.

Tile construction for wooden buildings, fire-
proof. J A Flint.

Timepiece, repeating. C Ilalilweg.

Tiie, wlieel. R 31 Keating.

Torpedo boat, submarine 2. G C Baker.

Tower, observation. 31 F Smith.

Toy building block. E von Leistnor.

Toy cannon 2. C A Bailey.

Train roblier alarm. 31 Z Levy.

Trolley. N W Haskins.

Trolley wire switch aud crossing. N W
Haskins.

Trousers stretcher. II A Saltsman.

Truck. C W Scliwartz, Jr.

Truck, farm. J L H Baker.

Truck, stove. A Thiele and C F Fox.

Tubular boiler. C Alfonso.

Turbine, steam. N G K Husberg.

Valve, safety check. J 31 Foster,

T^alves of steam engines, actuating. A De-
coinbe and P Lamena.

Vane, electrically operated wind. L Brad-
ley.

Vapor burner, W H Wilder, E A Thissell,
J A Launert and W^ R Jeavons.

Vine fastener. E J Fuller.

Vise, hand. C E Billings.

Adse jaw. T W 3’are.

Wdigon body, milk. G B 3Iarx.

Wdushing machine. F D Harding.

W'atches. mainspring barrel for. A N
Gauthier.

Watches, roller jewel protector for. A N
Gaiitliier.

Walter closet for railway cars. S S Herrick.
W ater elevator, momentum. J M Allen and
A J Wekker.

Water luirifier. H Cassard.

W'ater purifier 3. II NVoods.

Water wheel. PS Buckminster.

Weigliing machine, grain. I G Jones.
3V)i(>el. ^ Garwooil.

W’heels to shaft, means for fastening. J C
Fiestcr.

Window. S 0 Taylor.

3Vindow attachment. J and C Dietz.
Window or door button. S 0 Black.

Wdndow screen J W Glark.

Wooden shovel- I Lemieiix.

W'tench. J A lieyiiolds.

PATENTS GRANTED SEPT. 4, '94.

A<lvei tisemiuits, apparatus for displaying.
II E Turpin.

Air brake meciianism. J B Knndsen.
Amalgamaling apparatus. S L Prie^tone
Amalgamator. A (.’ McDonahl.

Autographic register. J W Dick.
Autograpljic register. (.) (’ Reeves.

Bearing for gyrating shafts for stone-break-
ers or otlier macliiues. 1’ W Gates.
Bearing for gyratory >hafts or otli<‘r ana-
logous mechanism. 0 L Carman.

Bei], sofa. H Wliiteside.

Bertlis. construction of. W 3V 31 W’illiams.
Bicycle sn{)port. FO Ilalhach.

Bit shank and chuck. 31 L .Yndrew.
Blinters, poultices, etc., protector for. 1 31
Hemsteger.

Boilers, meehanism for Hanging manlioles
of. W H Smith.

Bottle. H A Hayden.

Bottle. J Walton.

Bottle, self-sealing. H P Roberts.

Bottle stopper. J Ilogginger.

Bottles, jars, etc., stopper for. JJ 3’arley.
Bottles, macliine fiu' wasliing and removing
labels from. H W Wills.

Buckle. H W Iloeft.

Buddie. J Radermacher.

Buggy top rest. J Heilrath.

Burglar alarm. P Byrne.

Button and fastening tlierefor. J Bernstein
and 31. Kohn.

Calendering machine. P Dillon.

Camera sliutter. J E Blaclimore.
(Aiontchone mixing mill. G Watkinson.

Car brake. Ei’litf.

Car brake, electrtiinagnetic. R T 3Iurrav
and C M Allen.

Car coupling. L 0 Beehee.

Car coupling. E Buckley.

Car coupling. JC Hurley.

Cur coupling. F Kerlin.

Car coupling. A Seidel.

(Air fender. H W Eaton.

Car fender. T Ross.

(Air, safety exitress. B J Tegethoff.

Car signal. F Xicliolson.

(Airs, controlling device for electric railway.
S\" H Conrad.

Carjiet sweeper. 3V Newhigging.

Cart, dumping. W T W'ood.

Caster S Hamm.

Cji.sting journal boxes, apparatus for, P W
Gates.

Cellulose, apparatus for tlie manufaeture of.
C W Flodquist.

Chamfering and crozing machine. U ()l-
sen.

Cheese press. J L Ilelmer.

Chuek. Z B Coes.

Clnirn and huttrr worker, combined. A 31
Bingham.

Cigar lighter, electric. A C .Uhertsen,
Clain[) device. J R Hiiiie, Sr., and W B
(.)oX.

Cleat or belaying pin, releiusing. A V T
Sabroe.

Cloth cutting machine. A Long.

(.'omb cleaner. J Cooper.

Combing macliiues, dabbing brush appara-
tus for wool, I Rnshwortli.

Concealed battery. L C Deinain.

Conduit, underground. A Segade and D .J
(.) Regan.

Corn pc]qiing apparatus. A Lafrance.
Cotton sejiarator aud distributer, combined.
H .V Paine.

Cream separator, centrifugal. A 3Ialmros.
(Reissue).

Current motor, alternating. 0 Dahl.

Cut out, electrical. A RuckolT.
l)ental plates, making. J Spyer.

Dijtper. E C Baughman.

Disinfecting apparatus. C T Cox.
Disinfecting device. F L Dulbeare and A
E Keating.

Door securer. 0 B Hoft'man.

Door spring and check, combined. R
Adams.

Draft e<iualizer, 31 and A Sattley.

Drill rope xnotector. J H Koch.

Dust separator or sjiark arrester. T Lee.
Duster or pi'lisliitig cloth, woven. 1) Scott.
Dye, azo, 2. P Julius.

Dye, blue. C Duisberg.

Dye, blue basic. J Schmid and J Bachclut.
Dye, blue black disazo. J Selimid.

Dyeing machine. J 31 Collins.

Dynamo, steam turbine. J F 3IcElroy.
Electric battery. L Drescher.

Electric light wires, rosette for. C N Ham-
mond.

Electric lighting system and apparatus. E
Thomsoa.

Electric lock. F Apitz.

Electric machine, dynamo. J F 3IcElroy.
Electric machines, system and apiiaratus for
control of. E A Sporry.

Electric switch. G F Card.

Electrical current director. J F 3IcElroy.
Electrical distribution, system of, 2. T C
Coykeinlall.

Eleetrolytical decomposition, apparatus for.
A Sinding- Larsen.

Electromagnetic tractile device. C 31 Allen.
Ele\ator safety device, 3. W' P Kidder.
Elliptic spiing. WH Hansell.

End gate, wagon. G K and R Stewart.
Envelope machine. J and E R Corbett.
Evajiorating jian. T Craney.

Excavating macliine. C H I’arker.
Expansible bit. E Ford.

Fabric and forming same. G Laveissiere
and G Chamont
Farm gate. .1 Woods.

Faucet. F If Burrill.

Faucet. 3V l> King.

Feed water lieater, 2. H G Keasby.

Feed water regulator. H Bnwman.

Feeder to i)reveut scale, automatic. J V
3Iuttei'.

Fence machine. 31 Gleason.

F'-nce post. F G Thompson and C Wain.
Fence, wire G 31 Dejiew.

Filing block. E A Brtisli.

Flat iron heater. A J 3Iyers.

Flooring clamp. J W Smith and F J Per-
kins.

Fluid fuel lim ner. W E Veriinii.

Fodder tying clevicc. I H Henley.
Fnniigator. 11 Hofthian.

Furnace. R 11 Y'eomaii
Furnace pipe. H 3Ic3Iillin.

Garment hook. J J Ziegler, Jr.

Gas, apparatus for manufacturing hydrogen.

1’ Y’arrington.

Gas engine. W W Grant.

Gas engine. F C Olin.

Gear, variable sjieeil. K Pv Wolf.

Gin Saw shariiening machine. J A Rogers
ami D C Bin ns.

Grain l>inder kiiutter. W N 3Vhiteley and
Bayley.

Grinding mill. J J Seeman.

Grooving tool. W (' Bloomer.

Gun carriage, disavipeariiig. A Onthbert.
Gyrating <-iusher. C L Carman, E E
Hanna, and P W Gates.

Gyrating crnslier. A J Gatos-
Gyrating crusher. P W Gates.

Gyrating screens, etc., sealing, lubricating,
and bearing support for. P W Gates.
Hame hook. W W 3[iller.

Harrow. .1 (.’ Fieeman
Harrow, donhlo disk. H Tallman.

Harve.ster hnmlie carrier. 31 A Keller.
Harvester, corn. G W I’acker.

Harvester, corn. 31 8o»‘enson.

Harvester, corn. II Weller.

Harvesting macliine cord knotter. 31 A
Keller.

Hatch. E 31 Giiristian
Hay carrier. W Louden.

Head rutting machine. W Nier.

Headlight reflector. 31. O Ainslie.

Hides, etc , macliine for dressing. W
Evans.

Hides or skins, aiqiaratus for treating. I
Vaughn.

Hinge, blind. A C Siekman,

Hinge, spring, G A Payson.

Hitcliing strap. J H Vallean.

Hoisting apjiaratus. H A Pedrick.

Hoisting or lifting ajiparatus brake. A
Bol/ani.

Hoop for boxes, etc. J S Dinkel.

Hose coujiliijg. N 3V Williams and E B
Seely.

Hub, wheel. S Johuson.

Ice cream freezer. F H Fisk.

Ice cream tVeozer. C Gooch.

Iiicnhators, heat rogu'ator for. H R Davis.
Intestine cleaner. W F Duncker.

Invalid's table and desk, combined. P"' G
Koelilcr ami H G Hartmann,

Joint for articles of wood. W E Gage.
Journal bearing. I Cornelinssen.

Key fastener. J P^ Varrell.

Knitting macliine, circular. Z Lecaisne.
Lamjis. handjiiece for portable electric. A
Kockoft.

Latch for sliding gates. T N Fisher.

Lawn sprinkler. C Widrig.

Ta^veler, road. X S 3Iouroe,

Life saving garment, U Hanson.

Lock. A 0’ Keefe.

Locomotive, 2. B F Taylor. (Reissue).
Locomotive ash pan ventilator. PI H Mar-
shall.

Loom shuttle, carpet. 3V P Kirkpatrick.
Loom temple. T Sykes.

Blail box, 0 P .lohnstou.

3lan(irel, expanding. II Berner.

3Ieat tenderer. J W Francke.

3Iill. C Bonnefond.

Blolding apjiliance. J B Neff.

Money recording and receipting machine.
C Fisher.

3ronkey and pipe ratchet wrench, com-
bined. S 31 Friede.

3I(>tor controller, electric or other. E A
Sperry.

3Iower, lawn. S P Graham.

Net landing. F A Pearsons.

Nozzle, spray. II F Neumeyer.

Nozzle, universal. W K Crawford.

Nut lock. P' R Bodley.

Odometer register. A 0 Shields.

(.)il extracting apparatus. J 3Ieikle, Jr.
Organs, tubular key and pneumatic valve ac-
tion for P Baggstrom.

Oven, bake. J J Pfenninger. (Reissue).
Package carrier. S W Babbitt.

Packing for piston rods, steam. J J Walker.

THE; INVENTIVE AEE

20T>

Packing, rod. E A Bryant.

Padlock, master key. J Roche.

Pan making machine. J S Birt.

Paper box, 2. R P Brown.

Paper box. J \Vitte, Jr.

Paper, etc., holder for, T Bodley,

Paper roll hoMer. W H Clarke,

Paper weight and letter file, combined, G
L Collins and M Keegan, Sr.

Parasol runner. A G Snell.

Pen nick. H D Pierce.

Photograph mount. I> R Ilanawalt.
Photographic paper, sensitized. W 11 Prest-
wich.

Photographic print mounter. II A Lesure
and D I) Dunklee.

Photographic view finder J J Hicks.

Piano action, hammer rail for. R II Com-
stock.

Pill machine. A Colton.

Pipe corrugating and seam grooving ma-
chine, sheet metal. TC Belding.

Pipe drilling device. J E Feely.

Pilie, ratchet, and monkey wrench, com-
bineil. S M Friede.

Planetarium, coin oj>erated. J M Sullivan.
Planing and boring machine, comtined. J
P Burnham.

Plant holder S W Babbitt.

Planter, corn. G \V Packer.

Plow, wheeled. II Liiidestrom.

Pneumatic dispatch system G Konigslow.
Pneumatic dispatch ’uhes, receiving box for.

L G Bostedo and E A Fordyce.

Pneumatic dispatch lubes, receiving box for.
E A Fordyce.

Poison distributer, F Splittstoser.

Polishing machines, cylinder adjusting me-
chanism for. F E Schmitt.

Potato digger. G W Phipps.

Press, 2. V 1) Anderson.

Press. JEDelarue. ‘

Propeller, screw. ,1 D Muller.

Pump, plumber's suction an<l force. J II
Lawless.

Pumps, etc., power meclianism for. J Wag-
ner.

Pumps, puppet valve for pistons ofairorgas.
W F Garrison.

Punch, belt cutter and pliers, combined belt.
J A House.

Railway signaling by means of detonating
or explosive signals. H Brocklehurst.
Railway switch. J L La Itriere and S I
Stone.

Railway signal. F G Smith.

Railway system, conduit electric. 0 A En-
holm.

Railway system, electric. F B Badt.

Raisin seeding machine. C L Spencer.
Reading stand. U Nelson.

Reamer. C D Mai^sh ami A I> Hermance,
Refrigerator fioat. F Sclmberth.

Riding, amusement, and instructing device.

W J and F E Gordon.

Ripjnng knife. E Van Valkenburg.
hoof templet. H W Nichols.

Rope grip. C N Blood.

Rotary engine, 2. F M Mackey.

Rotary motor. A Clement.

Robiry steam engine, compound. W G
Florence and J H Bennett.

Roving frames, adjusting means for belt
shifting mechanism of. M Campbell-
Sad iron. H B F Barker.

Sanitary closet. II H Kendrick.

Sash fastener. W S Grinidy.

Sash fastener. N W Mottingor.

Saw, frame. N H Shaw.

Sawmill guard. J C Horstmeier.

Sawing machine. W H Geisler.

Sawing machine. E and L Hedderick.
Scale, beam. F M Smiley.

Screens, making ornamental. I E Foltz.
Scrubbing machine. H M Patterson.

Seal, spring box. BEJ Welihocner.

Seam for metal troughs or tanks. II N
Hill.

Seaming machines, liiixing attachment for.
H Schaake.

Separator. G 0 Draper.

Shaping machine with milling attachment.
F J Thomas.

Sharpener, scissors or knife. W E Ginn.
Sharpening device, tool. W H Simmons.
Sheet metal vessels, socket for. C L Wa-
gandt.

Ships, etc , constniction of. L M Lincoln.
Shoulder brace. W Greeiishields.

Sight testing apparatus, coin opeiated. B
Green.

Snap hook. T Lacey.

Soap drying apparatus. M Andrac.

Soap press. M J Palmer.

Soldering iron, self heating. T W Evers<de.
Soldering machine, can. C M Syinonds.
Sounding apparatus, submarine. W INI
Prather.

Sower, force feed broadcast seed. G !M Ditto.
Spike. A Assorati.

Spindle bearing adjusting device. G 0
Draper.

Spinning and twisting frames, thread re-
ceiver for. G W Knight.

Spinning and twisting spindles, load equali-
zer for. J H Noitlirop,

Spinning spindles, sleeve whirl and load
eipializer for. G U Draper.

Spring bending machine. W and W J Bauer.
Stadia rod. E 0 Stout.

Staple driving implement. J Blakey.

Stave cutting machine. W Nier.

Slave frame. F U Havener.

Steak tenderer. J II Nickles, Jr., and G F
Shirley.

Steam boiler. H G Keasbey.

Steam boiler. A Normaud.

Steam trap. V D Anderson.

Stencil sheets, manufacture of. JBrodrick.
Stone breaker, gyratory. P W Gates.

Stone breakers, inclined diaphragm of gy-
ratory. P W Gates.

Stone crusher. J J Brewis. .

Stone crusher. C L Carman.

Stone crusher. P W Gates.

Stone crusher lieads to shafts, method of
and means for securing. P W Gates.
Stone crusher, portable. C L Carman.

Stone crushers, frame and hopper for gyra-
tory. A E Hoyt,

Stone, molding box for artificial. R Avena-
rius.

Stone or ore crushers, concave for. I M Van
Wag ner.

Stove for burning gas. D McDonald.
Stovepipe fastening device. C A Parks ami
A Goodell.

Stovepipe shelf. C N Johnson.

Street clearing apparatus. A E Trevithick.
Switcli lock attaehmeut. L Dedel.

Switch stand. B F Driever and J W Mixon.
Target traji. W A Wildliack.

Telegraph call, district. W H Garven.
Telephone i)ay stations, automatic toll box
for. H C Root.

Thill coupling. W B Clark.

Thill coupling. C L Halstead.

Thill coupling. J A Kettring.

Tickets, machine for making jiin. T ^loore.
Tinning iron castings. A Schaag,

Tire, bicycle, p] R Thatcher.

Tobacco jiipe. J F Malliuckro«lt.
Transplanting plants, apparatus for. L Huin-
barger.

Tray rocking machine. J Hess.

Trolley wires, overhead switch for. H M
Greenwood.

Trousers supporter. E I Pyle.

Truck, sweet car, I' p] Cauda.

Trunk. G Crouch.

Tubes. ap])aratus for wiping galvanized. T
L Thomas and J B llillmau.

Tubes, manufacture of solder lined seamless.
L Tj Rurdoii,

Tug, thill. A I Brundage.

Type writing machine. A H Hutli.
I'mhrellas, identification attachment for. H
1> Hamilton.

Valve. R i\I Dixon.

Valve, automatic relief. P" Schreidt.

Valve drain cup. W K Coimess.

Valve, piston. S 0 Jones.

Valve reseating machine. W Bruner.

Valve, thermostatic. A 31 Bntz.

Vapor hurner. M ECampany.

Vapor burning apparatus. A J Limlemann.
Vault, garbage. W < ►stermeyer.

Vegetalde cutter. 31 Josephsou.

Vise, box making. W 0 Kaauer and A V
Tyler.

Wagon body clamp. A L White ami S J
Dean.

Wagon brake. B F Pascoe.

Wagon, dumping. J 31cBride.

Wasliboanl. C 0 Hartung.

Washboard. J G Schneider.

Watch protector. A Saniinailk.

Water alarm, frozen. W Ilumberstone.
Water closet. A 31 King.

Water closet seat attachments, bearing for.
J H Stevens, Jr.

Water wheel. V M Briokwalter and W W
Tyler.

Water wlieel. A F Sparks.

Weather hoarding. P' H Burrows.

AVeather strip. R 31 Wilson.

Well boring apparatus. A Weil.

AVheel washing device. 31 Arbuckle.
Wheels, machine for counting teeth of cog.
P' C Stamm.

Windmill towers, brace lock for. 31 J Alt-
house.

Window screen. S Abbott.

Wire drawing machine. G B Lamb,

Wire stretcher and splicer. G 3IarshaU.
Work box. S P" B O'Leary.

Wrench, A Assorati.

Wrench. 31 Wenger.

PATENTS GRANTED SEP. 11/94.

Aci<l, etc., apparatus for condensing nitric.
E Hart.

Advertising <levice. R D Knight.

Air brake for cars. J P’ Voorhees.

Album, cabinet. J 31 Ray.

Alcoliolic liquors, preparing aud making
fermented. J Takamine.

Amalgamator. J Jett.

Ammonia, ajiparaius for making anhydrous.
P J 3Ic31a]ion,

Annunciator, electric. H C Thompson.

Arm rest, self adjusting. AV A Kirby.
Armature for dynomo electric machines. R
Puckemeyer.

Armatures in dynamo machines, winding
for drum. R Eickemeyer.

Autographic register. AV Assheton.
Balancing rotating parts, device for. G AV
Rymes.

Baliug press. G AV and G A Davis.

Bearing, ball. J AV Howard.

Bearing for clothes wringers. A R Santera.
Bedstead, adjustable. T A 3Iaitiu.
Bedstead, invalid. G E Gorham.

Beehive. J F Sheffield.

Beer dispensing apparatus. D Leacock.

Bell, bicycle. A A Page.

Belt fastener. A 3Iills.

Bicycle. E W Scott.

Bicycle gearing. V Cruser.

Bicycle lock. S 0 Hone.

Bicycle, self supporting attachment for. F
11 Kinder.

Blind hanger and guide. N Saltmarsh.
Blotter holder. A Weiuaiidy.

Blowers, packing box for rotaiy. AA’ AA’
AVain Wright.

Bcdy shield. AV' F Keogh.

Bniler furnace. E Buileau.

Boiler or steam generator. C D 3Iosher.
Boiler setting. C A^ Kerr.

Boiler tube attachment. C AA’ AVhitney.
Boot or shoe. H Briggs and C Dancel.

Boot tree. AV’ J Yapp.

Borings at bottom of deep waters and in tide-
ways, means for making. A VV Palmer.
Bottle stopper. CN Brisco.

Battling machine. P] Stahl.

Box lifter. H PMdishaw.

Box top. L 3Iiller.

Buckle, trace. L L Booth.

Buggy top support. VV' W Krutsch.
Buildings, constructing. II Klein and E
Kowenhageu.

Bung. J Baennile.

Button attaching machine. AV' E Elliott.
Cabinet, copy book. R E Ashbrook and 31
H Ingram.

Calcimine. G S Adams.

Capsule. R P Hobbs,

Capsule pia and capsule, R P Hobbs.

Car attacljinent, express. P' VV’ Koehler aud
P' \V’ 3Iarten.

Car cuui)ling. E N and J J Byers.

Car coupling. A S Pkley,

Car coupling. J Reed.

Car C()iij)liiig. L Shuwalter.

Car, dumping. G 'I 3Iorri8.

Car, <liimpiiig. PI A Trapp.

Car fender. S A Darrach.

Car fVmler, street railway. A J Hollings-
worth and J A Weaver.

Car, hand. J 3Ic3Iurrin.

Cars by electricity, system of lighting and
heating. 31 3Ioskowit/.

Cars, conibined brake and electric switcli for
street railway. G Brown.

('arhons for electric lamjis, manufacture of.
T A PPlison.

Card teeth, method of and means for manu-
facturing. J Platt.

Carpet sweeper. II VV’ Ru Ton.

Carriage body, convertible C Klauberg.
Carriages, runner attachment for children’s.
G ^adeau.

Cart, child’s. F C Hannalis.

Ciish register and in<licator. C L Lilb berg.
Casket fastener. J C Pldward.

Caster. L B Deiittui,

Cattle guard. L Hills.

Chop grading machine. J A 3IcAnulty.
Churn. E II Baiigli.

Churn. S D P’ry and J R Hamilton.

Cliiirn. J II Rouse and 0 AtSchoiihoff.
Clip|>er, hair. M G Gillette.

Clock, electric. F L Gregory.

Clock synchronizing mechanism, electric. E
Ayres.

Cock, ball. J N Stevens, Jr,

Cold storage bnfidiiig. A I Dexter.
Composition of matter. J PI Summeis.
Oomlensing apparatus, steam. AV AV'ebster.
Cooking utensil. K 31 Shafler.

Cojtper, process of and furnace for smelting.
A O A’icuna.

Cotton pirker. A Levedahl.

Crate cover, etc., sliipping. 31 Backstroin.
Culinary vessel. C Wood.

Cultivator. II 31 Burdick.

Dam. P’ H Bainbri<lge.

Delivery apparatus, coiu freed. L Cecchi.
I>ental ajiparatiis. P’ 31 Osborn.

Dental pellet. G B Richmond,
llental pellet macliine. G B Richmond.
Dental plugger. A A Noucl, Jr.

Diastatic enzyme, making. J Takamine.
Dissolving, leaching and filtering. 3lethod
of and apparatus for. J Storer and B T
Lacy.

Doll, mechanical. D S 3IcElroy.

Door closing device, automatic, C AA’inckl-
hofer.

Dose cui) and bottle, combined. 31 0 Turner.
Doubletree, vehicle. S J 3tcDonald.

Draft equalizer. E L Thomas.

Draw bar guide. II AA' P’ Jaeger.

Drawer aud shipping box, cembiued. J G
AValsb.

Drawer case. D E Hunter.

Dredge, p] S Bennett.

Drier. T Craiiey.

Drilling machine. N Remmel,

Drum, heating. H I Greiinell.

Drum, heating. AV' H B Lyons.

Dry closet and urinal system. AV' AV Ensign.
l>ryiug machine. J K Proctor.

Dumping boat. AV 3IcMahon.

I>ynamos, means for equalizing electromotive
force of. 31 3loskowitz
Electric machines, self adjusting brush for
dynamo. AV' L Bliss.

Electric motor. J S Losch.

Pfiectric switch. G Baebr.

Electric transformer. 0 S Bradley.

Pfiectric wire fastener. H C Fricke.
Electrical distribution, system of. J F 3Ic-
PJroy.

Electrolytic apparatus. E Andreoli,
Pfiiibroidery, removing background from. G
Hauser.

Engines, electrical igniter for gas or hydro-
carbon. P A N AV'inand.

Explosive comi>ound. B C Pettingell,

F’an, electric. G Wachtel.

Fan, Ventilating. J D G Thompson.
Fastening device. V AV Starr.

Faucet. C H Duntou.

P>nce, wire. I) Garst.

Fertilizer distributer. L Roat.

Fiber drier. P’ G and A 0 Sargent.

Fifth wheel. S K Paden.

File for imlex cards. A Dom.

Filling machine. P’ AA'allis and G Galbraith.
Fire kindler. E Ludde.

P''lexible joint. A Ganipbell.

Flour biu and sifter. 0 P’ Burnap.

Flue cleaner, boiler. P H Enochs.

P'lushing closet, ventilating. G D Curtis.
Furniture joint, school. G M Bennett.
Game counter. J G AA'ard and J W Ball.

Gas engine. J 3IcGeorge.

Gas motor, ammoniacal. P J 3Ic3Iahou.
Gold washing aud separating apparatus. J
15 Irvin.

Grain meter 2. F F Kaune.

Grate. E Buileau.

Grinder, feed. T Oascaden, Jr.

Grinding machine. II B Beairsto and 11 S
Beckwith.

Gun barrels, device for attaching magazines
to. L L Ilepbiirn.

Harrow, reversible overlap disk. T B 3Iont-
gonieiy.

Harvester. S D Locke.

Harver'ter. B F Stewart.

Hay carrier. P A Myers.

Heating and ventilating apparatus. AA' AV
Pmsign.

Heating furn.ace. L Jackman.

Hinge. J B Kuittel.

Hinge, shutter. A 0 Elzner.

Hinge, spring 2. A A Page.

Hitching device, rope. E P’ Parker.
Hoisting device. AV P^Tretheway.

Hoisting drum. H Boltliofi.

Hooks and eyes, machine for making and
carding. A D 3Iajor.

Hop cleaning machine. R J and J P 3[ack-
ison.

Hose coupling 2. W 3Iartin.

Hulling and cleaning machine. C E Lipe,
Ice handling implement. D C Ryder.

Ice machines, freezing plates for. C S Booth.

Insole fur slippers. \ Sc>&ler.

Insulating support, bus bar. A B Herrick,
.lournal box 2. AV W AV’ainw right.

Kettle, cooking. B C Sabin.

Kiti’hen cabinet. J LSwink.

Knob attachment. T K Wardwell.

Lacing hook or stud for .shue.s. gloves, etc*
G S Pears"!!,

Lamp. R 31 I)ixon.

Lamp, electric arc. II E Bradb-y.

Lamj', electric arc. S L I'ampbell.

Lanii», electric arc. .A. B it ui* y.

Lamp stand and refiector. incades'-ent. G P'
Klemm.

Lamji, spark shield or protector for rk-ctric
arc. VV 31 Tc.mi»kins.

Latching <Ievice for double <l"‘'rs. 1 .lolm-

SOI).

I.allie, metal turning. S AV Putnam.

Lead, making whitt*. P^ Waller and C A
Sniltiii.

Leather, making artificial. H Krurn.
Tufting jack. L Foix.

Lilting or log jack. E and A G Hayford.
Liglitning arrester. A li Courtright.
Loggiiur ai'paratus. AAV Brown.

Loom shuttle. .1 H 3Iorin.

3lamial records and indicator. H Cook.
31asli, alcoholic ferment. J Takamine.
3Iateh making machine. L II 3Iontross.
31edicinal food and preparing same. E 0
Tallin.

31i]li[jg machine. E J 3IcClellan.

31 iter cutter. C E Smith.

3Ioney changer's case. W' II Staats.

3Iop wringer. C A AVhite.

3Iotion, mechanism lor takitig up lost 2. J
AV Boynton.

3lotion, mechanism for taking up lost. E H
Parks.

3loto, jiieparing and making. .1 Takainiiio.
3Iusic boxes, spring motor for. G Gtto.
Newspaper liolder. A B Smith.

Nut, self locking. A A Brown.

Oil can. J C Roth.

Oil call, si]ihon. I Brokaw,

Oils, desulfurizing mineral, A Sommer,
(dils, purifying sulfur compounds of mineral.
L O Ilelmers.

Oven. J Erben ami 31 M Koch,

Oven, baker’s. P^ Duhrkop.

Paper can. G II Fartlett.

Partitions, iron frame for firc*pvoof. A 31
Houston.

Paving block. J H Amies.

Pen, fountain. E 31 Gordeii.

Pencil. G R Sandell.

Pessary. J A Hurdel.

Petroleum, refining. H A PVaseb.
Pbotograpli fiavsh lamp. A llemsley.
Photographs, ajiparatus for devedoping, etc.
E P’ 3Iackusick.

Photographic camera, series. 31 3layer.
Planter, combined curti and cotton. AV C
Sanders, Jr.

Planter, potato. I' Gaunt.

Planter, potato. 31 P' 3Iyei*s.

I'low. R E Hopkins.

Plow'. H A AA' Smith.

Plow', submarine. J Haltoii.

Propelling vessels, hydraulic method of J
AV'idmer.

Pulp grinding machiue. A Karger.

Pump. H3Ioitenseu.

Pump. V S Reed and D Apgar.

Pump, automatic hydraulic. T A AV'alther.
Pump, oil well. S C Turner.

Punches or presses, means for operating. E
B Stimpsou

Punching machine. E B Stimpson.

Puzzle. 31 A Klein.

Rail brake. G Sands,
ailway, electric. H E Rider,
aihvay, gravity. A AV'itscliol<l.

RailXvay signal carrier. N A P’aus.

Railway signaling apparatus, electri'al. P
Schwenke.

Railway system, electric. C S Bradley.
Railway tie, metallic. E L Taylor.

Railway trolley, electric. E Daw.sou.
Railways, conduit system for electric. AV G
Creighton.

Refrigerator and beer cooler. L Leyeii-
decker.

Refrigerator drip trough. C AV Hiiirichs.
Refrigerator shelf. J Schambrue.

R'*gister. VV 31 Dyas.

Ring making machiue. P’ 3Iossberg.
Roaster. N II deiisen.

Roll holder. AV II Lewis.

Rotary engine. J P' McElroy.

Sales slip, P’ J Shepherd and 31 B Flagg.
Salt evaporator. T Craney.

Sash fastener. F P’ Uukiich.

Sash holder. T C 3Iaris.

Sash, removable window. J Lehnbeuter.
Satchel, sheet metal. II 3Iacarthy.

Saw tooth, insertilde. R 3Iarquait.

Scale, price. II E Knottnerus.

Seed hulls ami separating lint ami liulls,
detaching lint from cotton. J P Burnliam.
Sewing machine. VV' S Clark and 31 H
Wilfis.

Sewing machine, d II AV’ay.

Sheet separating aud printing machine. C
Reising.

Skinning knife. J A P'oster.

Sower, hand seed. AV R Bi)Wen.

Spinning frame separator. G A and G 0
Draper.

Spinning mule attachment. F II Lewiiigtoa.
Spoke and tire tightener. J 31 Hawley.
Sj>rinkler head. J H Dixon.

Station indicator. S N Ashmore.

Stone working machines, attachment fi>r. R
1) Field.

Stoves or ranges, grate and fire chamber for.
G G AV olfc.

Street sweeper. II 3lueller, Jr.

Street sweeper. AV' L Tobey.

Stringed instruments, device for i)roducing
overtones in. P’ X Audet, Jr.

Sugar, means for and method for converting
starchy material into. J Takamine.
Switch operating device, (r A Fulford.
Tukakoji ferment and preparing and making
same. J Takamine.

Taka koji, preparing and making. J Taka-
mine.

Taka moyashl, preparing and making, J

'rukaijiiiir.

Tea and ‘•••:ilin;r I'ackage-:, devi' ■- f-r .-aui
pliii- T T: VVarduell.

T' h phori'- • .dl J. L T Gillilari'l.

Teij'iuiiiL'^ mil' liitj--. W II B‘ ij|j»-tt.
Tetii.uiii^ ni.icliiie-. L B 11. ly*.--.
Tlierimirm-t'-r. H W 3Iaur -r.

Tlira-liirig rn:i< liiu*-. P " - ii- .ji.

Tini'-pi-'ce -striking im*< liani.-^iu. J VV
Sr.

inanufa‘ tiiriti:r or f*ir

]itienniHtic, < > K iiaclli*r,

Tobacco fill'-rs. macliiiji- fi>r treating h»'a\il\
swe' toiic-.l. 'I' \V IL Irij.

Tofi, spinning. D VV 1. tig and H II WaDli.
Tru< tioii engim-. P N Winaiid.

Trolley pole M n 3Ialioii and

J .'I CraiiH.

Truck, hatid. .1 J II«*aly.

'J’libular b(.ib-r, citciilatiti'.', J A B'-riiard.
Tubular boiler, t irculatitig. L I. Vlartin.
Turning mai'liiin'. Wood. J' VV IL u-* r.
'I'ype. a VV VV.-av. r.

Type writing niachiu'- atta-hiuent. A If
31errini:in.

l’ud'Ttak«*r’.s trimming tal'b-. VV Fitzgi-rald.
ru)<»adiijg dovi' c . VV T l ia’jiken.
rriiial. .V SaliUtfoin.

Valve, automatic ventilating. VV VV Varnev.
A’alve Ita.se, pneiiinalic. J K Ives
A’alve for comjH.uud dire*! aeting engiiu--,
.‘^teani acuated. H (J Sergojmi.

A’alve gear. VV F <’ d--.

A'alve, safety. 3I3IcNeil anil K Kohlhepp.
A'egetables from niglit fro.>ts, ].roiii-tiiig
growing. S L-mstrom.

A’eg.-tation. means for promoting. S Lem-
>troni.

Vehicle for spreading sand. .V. Latlamnie.
Voltmeter, reconling. F D G-xild.

VV'agon brake. M II 31adsen.

AV'ardrobe lick. D W Tow er.
Watchmaker's totd. A II Flensing,

VV’ater bag stopper, hot. i» B 3Iartin.

A\ ater < lo.set. A T Bootli.

AVater closet. C R Schmidt. fUej->sue).
AA'ater clo.set and urinal. VV VS Ensign.
Watering trough, automatic. TL Regester.
Weft fork, U Piiier aiitl .1 E New ton.

Wliist, apparatus fur jdaying duplicate,
Bisler.

AVick rai.ser. P’ Rhind.

AVind mill jiow er transiiiitter. C Y. AVilliuni-
sou.

AVire stretcher. J 31 3Iyer.s.

AViro strip.s or the lik** by electroileposition ,
manufacture of. R D Saiulers.

AVork holder. S D Erb.

PATENTS GRANTED SEP. 18, ’94.

Account keeping device. E 3lcCulley.

Ai ill, making nitric. 31 Prentice.

Adjustable bracket. A VV’ Browne.

Air brake coupling. W Borbridge, T P'raser
and AV I’renter.

Air brake, automatic lock for. AV* 31able.
Air or gas compresser. H -V Barber.
Aluiniiious cake and making same. J V
Skoglund.

Antirust ware. D 31 Wells and A ip -Allis.
Axles, antifriction device for. A M Cruoker
aud II VVeinhold.

Bag making machine. AV’ II Kerr.

Baling press. J A Sitencer.

Baud cutter and feeder. A' C Bailey.

Band cutter aud feeder. C II Hill.

Bairel. AV II Cadwell.

Bearing, roller. B D Tabor.

Bed, sofa. A L (Tillen and A Godfrey.
Bicycle, A' Belanger.

Bit stock. P’ 31 Hay.

Blotting pad. A PVunaDder.

Blower. T Kitson.

Blowing engine or compr<‘.ssor. AV E Good.
Boiler furnace. K Buileau.

Boiler furnace, smokeless. P J Bode.

Boiler furnace, steam. O D <)rvi>.

Bolt. J VV Samiuis.

Rooks, blotter attachment for check. 31 R
Tolaud and J P' Conkey.

Bout or shoe itolishiug machine 2. E 0
Bicknell.

Boring machine. G W Pringle and VV Brudie.
Bottle.closing device. A W t'chroudter.
Bottle rack. J E Goerger.

Bottle stopper. G L 3Iatlhews.

Bottle washer. T Wendling.

Bottling anpaiatus. A A Piinlstofte.

Brake mechanism, automatic tluid pressure.
II Gaels.

Bridle bit. 31 Lesser.

Paicket. A3Iitchell.

Buffing machine. S VV Winslow.

Buggy boot. AV J Kaulfmau.

Buggy cusliion. P’ Long.

Burning garbage, etc., apparatus for. J C
Anderson.

Burning garbage, etc., method of and ap-
paraiu> for. J C Anderson,

Cable grip for lorging and other purposes.
G Gagnon.

Calcium bisulfite liquor, making. 31 L Griffin.
Calculator. P’ G Nelson.

Car ami air brake coupling, combined. S W
?fummi-rs.

Car coupling. AV F Drew.

Car coupling. N S Duggan.

Car coui)liijg. P' N Hitchcock.

Car coupling. J ()3Iiller.

Car coupling. J .1 .Schairer.

Car, express. 3I|Moiell and R 31 P’urrer.

Car, freight. J Rhoatls.

( ar gate. A 31 Black.

Car, railway jiasseiiger. J Krehl'iel.

Cash register and indieator. .1 P < ’U‘al.
Cereals, pieparing. AV Oiulerdonk.

Chain, conveyer J Dick.

Chain, drive. J II Mitcludl.

Cliain, galvanic. P’ Fritschc.

Charcoal, treatment of animal. J A Duhbs.
Check attachment. R ifears.

('heck, conductor’s. Ross.

Cheese curd' in a continuous manner, pro-
ducing. Pi G N Saleuius.

Chroiniuiu, electro deposition of. Pi Placet
and J Bonnet.

Cigarette macliine, continuous. A L3lunson.
Cistern cleaner. J VV Hawk,

Clippers f<u' wool or hair, construction of
mechanical. P .Ashberiy and VV’ Barnes.
Clothes drier. L AV Pond.

Clutch, friction. R T AViugo.

Coal or coke fork. J Kreitz.

Coal or rock drilling machiue. E Carnduff,

204

THE INVENTIVE AGE

Coffee pot. J Tobiu.

Coffin band lift. W H Pope.

Collars, machine for forming turndown or
rolled. K N Mavtz.

Condenser, surface. F M Wheeler.
Converter^ multiphase. H 0 C E Wageniann.
Cores for casting, apparatus for manufacture
Core for casting hollow cylinders. F Gandy,
of. W H Drake.

Cotton openers, etc., du>t or cleaning trunk
for. .1 C Potter.

Cotton i)icking fingers, driving mechanism
for. A L(‘Ve<lahl
Crib, folding. .1 S l\Iackie.

Crupper fastener. C E Parker.

Cultivator, pulverizing. H Strasser.

Cup head or piston packing. .1 F’ Pruden.
Cui'tain attaL-limcnt, window. .1 M Freeman.
Cut off niechanism. W W Wallace.
Cylinders, securing teeth to. d il Dunbar.
Dental chair. E BCudiing.

Dental jdates, forming. G W Traphagen.
I>i-pth gage. A Hollister.

Dial transmitter. F Pearce and J Proich.
Disinfecting device. W Moarkler.
Ds'integrating fibrous plants, machine tor.
A L Fvia.

Display holder. A L Stone.

Dock, dry. M l^loeser and K Krpel.

Door check. FA l’helj)s.

Door lock, sliding. W 11 Kahlrider.

Dougli raiser and fruit <li ier. S Duncan.
l>raft equalizer. II Sturm.

Dress shiehl. E M Weicker.

])rying kiln 2. WG Galloway.

Drying niacliine. P C Hewitt.

Drill head. A .1 Cooix-r.

Drill rod grab. W H \\ ishcrd.

Dust arre.ster. A Volin.

Electric cut oft. E E Ilersli.

Electric generator. II Of' E ^\hLgemann.
Electrie indicator. 0 .1 Coleman.

Electric machine, dynamo. D H Wilson.
Electric motor. A W iMe>ton.

Electiic motor. E Tliojusun.

Electric switch. L Wiiitei balder.

Electrical connector, d P llenck, dr.
Electrically operated register for barrels, etc.
II .1 Pang.

Elevator shaft gate. T G Lamb and J 11
Met ’lure.

Engine shaft rotation indicatin', J W Ray.
Envelope, safety. C F Molly.

Envelopes, ailjustahle in-rforator an»l cutter
for business. P II Flynn.

Pvxcavating and amalgamating macliine,
coiiibiiieil. A W Robinson.

E.xeavator. J P Griffin.

Ex[)losive engine. II F Fraser.

Fat, reducing animal, d Lister
Feed regulator, d A IMcAnulty.

Feed water tor steam boilers, purifying. C
Stickle.

F(*eil water heater. F W Lycett.

Feuc(‘ clamp, win*. G E Boots and W (»
Kakright.

Fcn<-e fastener, d Harris.

Fence, win*. E D Barling,

Fiber drying apjiaratus, W Saiilinann.

Filter, t? G Derham.

Fire extinguisher. C d L i\Lu-Leoil.

Fii-e extinguisher and ahii m, automatic, d
JO Mussidmann.

Flagstaff. T J Murray.

Football, W K 'riiomlinson.

Foot wear. F T Kee.

Fuel support or gate. K Fales.

Fuse for shells, time. M Dreger and A
Wratzke.

Gas, apparatus for tlie niaiiufactiire of
hydrogen. II M Lovejoy,

Gas apparatus, water oil. II Fourness.

Gas under, prepayment. W N ^lil-'ted.

Gas under pressure, ve.ssel fur containing. W
W Pope.

Gasometer, coin controlled. W’ Alexander
and W E Tliompson.

Gate. .T L Harris.

Gearing for heavy machinery, driving. 0 C
Wolf.

Gh»ve \vraj)per. T A Paril.

Gold or silver from ores, apparatus for and
process of extracting. P Daiickwanlt.
Governors, speed recorder of motivi- jtower
engine. E Lachamaiin.

Grain sejiarator. W Reid.

Grate, comhiued dumping and sliaking. E
Fales.

Griinling mill. W N Hartshorn.

Griinliiig mill. S iScli warzenberger.
Grinding or facing machine. LL Lamb
Guns, cartridge stop for magazine. G T
Tlnunliill.

llainl bag, lady's. A Iliiikel.

Handle bar. adjustable. AO Very.
Harvester. G G Hunt.

Harvester, corn. W S Osborn.

Harvester, cotton. E Whiting.

Harvester elevator. A Stark,

Hat blocking and baud cutting machine. C
31 Snell.

Hay and stock rack, combined. E N Avery.
Hay carrier track. J W Provaii.

Hay rack, hay stand, and stock wagon, com-
bined. W P Kimhrell.

Hay stacker and loader, comhiued. W H
R(.)use.

Ileating" furnace, water. A Anderson.
Hinge, rtush lounge. .1 W Brown.

Hinge, furniture. J H Stiggleman.

Hinge, spring. \ A Page.

Hoisting apparatus. L Roseiifeld,
Horseshoe. 31 E Poui'ard.

Horseshoe, jointed. J B Hague.

Horseshoe, sectional. 31 E Poupard.
Horseshoe, segmental. 31 E Poupard.

Hose coupling. A L Bailey.

Hot air furnace. W Ryan.

Hot air heater. W Heckert.

Ingot extracting apparatus. H Aiken and F
W Wood.

Ingot extractor 2. H Aiken.

Inkstand. G B Smith.

Inlaid work for decorative purposes. H A
Cousins.

Joint support, continuous metal. W II Drake.
.Journal hearing. D .1 Davis.

Journal bearing, adjustable. L Ilolliugs-
worth.

Journal box. H B Williams.

Jugs, etc., mount tor. W Fryer and F A
Coles.

Knife clamping or securing device. H S

Buckland.

Knives, making. G 31 Griswold.

Knitted dull, .s E HolnifS.

Lacing hooks, machine for setting. I E
Cliandler.

Ladder tower, extensible. H Hoffmann.
Lamp, incandescent electric. D J Cart-
wright.

Lantern. J J Shull.

Last, slioe. A T and .1 Harper.

Lasting iiinchers, F Ei'keit.

Lifting jack. S S Joy.

Limbs, coaptatiiig i>ad for artificial. J F
Rowley.

Lock case. E E 3Iagovern and T Scanlan.
Loom Jacijuard mechanism. B H Gledhill
Lo .m pattern nieclianism. J Hill and E
Smith.

Lubricator. W W Dashiell.

31achiiie base, adjustable. .1 .1 Wood.
3Icasurer cutter, wall paj)er Itorder. E Hoke.
31oasuring and marking machine, fabric. A
H Sutton.

3Ic:iKuring or packaging fabrics, speed regu-
lating attachment for machines for. R W
atS' 'll .

3Iechanical movement. W W Beaumont.
3Iilk cooler. L X Lean.

Milking iiincliine, cow. W B Iffand.

31oliler's Ihi^k. F 3Iorris.

3Iotor govi'i nor. J Dow.

3Iowing machine. G Beeknian.

Xail machines, wire feeding device fur. C
W Kichanls.

Neckwear pin. II B Rich.

Newspajiei's, review.'^, or other printed mat-
mat, classifier for. II Wctzi‘1.

Noll conducting <-ovei ings, fastening for. P
Carey.

Nut and holt lode. J E Garvin.

Oil disti ihiilcr for shij'S, gravity. .T Ericsoii.

< til or gasoline can. 'f W Alexander.

( ti'c coiiceiiti ator. Tj Loolv.

Pai’kage. 31 .1 3Ici‘kor.

Paper sheets, case fur. J J Y<‘ates.

Paveimuit I'lock. L Weinman.

Pen rack, stand, and case, combined. W J
Hunter.

Pi'm il sharpener. C F Wickhind.

Pipe Coupling. .1 D Amlerson.

IMpc wrench, chain. J II Newell.

Placards, etc., machine for bordering. 31
Fnnke.

IMane iron. W F Kelh-t.

Plating one material with another. T A
Edison.

Plow. J L Aldred.

Plow. 'J' .1 Kelley.

Pneumatic tool. J G Carlinet.

Pneumatic tube fisher. W C Bloomer.
PocKet-knifo. D A Stiles.

Pole, vcliicle. E Clark.

Pressed st<*cl seat. G 11 Wadsworth and H
W Avery.

Picssnre regulator, tliiid. 31 S Hopkins
and G II Dickson.

Printing press. D 3Iaurer.

Protiactei. 0 II (Tumi,

Piinip. S M ( 'base.

Pump, ail . R ( ' Baihoiir.

Pump, centrifugal. H A Barlier.

Pump, oscillating. A Griger.

Puniji, steam vacuum. G H Z.schech and W
11 Siinililing.

Pump valve, steam. .1 Farley.

Railway bond, electric. I> J)' P>i.ok,

Railway cattle giianl. P L Brady.

Rail way rail joint. L G Zollinger and W H

I’attce.

Railway switch, antoinatie. (’ l>ict/,.
Railway switch, street. J C .Jacobs, A Kcil
and .1 II Roeiner.

Railway sv>tems, suJ'structuraJ siipjaut for.
.1 D R. ed.

Railway time signal. A C Gordon.

Railway tracks, etc., vegetation burner for.'

E I>awsonand .1 <) 'I’honias.

Refrigerau»r. G A Greene.

Rendering tapJe. A White.

Revolving chair. .1 31 31orgaii.

Rille>, metliod of and dies for tlie manufac-
ture of hand forging.s for military. G E
Bailey and G F Bowen.

Rolling mill. G G 3Ic3Iurtrv and L G
Stilt.

R^'lling mill, tube. 0 G Larson.

Ropeway clip, elevated W R Wiggins.
Saddle, riding. .1 31 3rarfin.

Safe holt work. E W J^'owler.

Safety gate. F W Young.

Sali< yl anilid. S Badiauer.

Sand band. AV' 31 Farr.

Sa^h fastener. (' UuUTes.

Sasli fastener. .J Seadler.

Sa-'b fastener. J O Sharp.

Sash fastener. D B Wesson.

Sausages into links, machine for forming,
H Lefeher.

Saw and resaw, combined band rip. E C
3Iershon.

Saw attacliment. R 3IcTjane.

Scholar's companion. F D 31artin.
Scrubbing machine, flour. W W Head.

Seal. E -J Brooks.

Seal, snap. EJ Brooks.

SeCi'iidary elect'-ic battery. C Theryc and
A ( H'lasser. Reissue.

Sewing machine. S H Wheeler.

Sewing machine, shoe. G R Peare.

Sliaft sujqiort, veliicle. (’ll Kniglit.
Sharpener, razor. P .T Caesar.

Shingle strips, imu hin<* for manufacturing
supplementary metallic. C H Dana.

Show tup. SSGuldmaij.

Signal apparatus. J P Coleman.

Signal apparatus. G L Thouias and E C
Seward.

Smoke c<*nsuming ajiparatus. C W 3Ioni8
and L Goodwin.

Smokeless furnace, (■ Murray.

Snow shoe, folding. II Bremer.

Soap, inserting floats in cakes of. W Berrv.
Sounds, apparatus for collecting, concen-
tracting and distributing, S D 3IcKelvey.
Si'eed of I'lilleys, etc., mechanism for regu-
lating. J Redding.

Station indicator. E 3Iiller, Jr.

Statistics, machine for compiling or tal'ulat-
iug. II Hollerith.

Statistics, machine for tabulating. 11 Hol-
lerith.

Steam boiler. 1) Connelly and C £ Schafer.
Steam boiler. J J Tonkin.

Stereotyping piess. W J Egan.

Stoker, mechanical. T R Butman.

Stove, caboose or other. J Spear.

Stovepipe attachment. L Reaser.

Street sweeper. F W Dessau.

Stringed instrument. J Connery.

Swing. C E Hobbs.

Switch apparatus. J G Schreuder.

Syringe, vaginal. J 31 Lamb and J C Hard-
esty.

Table. J W Carver.

Tanning composition. J B Hodges.

Tap of faucet. M P Sciietzel.

Telephone transmitter. H L Baldwin.

Tile, illnmin itiiig. C W 31ark.

Tile, illiiniinating. J W 3lark.

Tire, pneumatic. J N (.h>ldl'aclier.

Tool clamj)iiig device. II S Buckland.

Tool securing device 2. H S Buckland.

Top, AY A Dunlap.

Transit, pocket. D W Bruuton.

Trolley wire fimler. E Gale.

Type distributing machine. L K Johnson.
I’ml'rella. W D Kimball.

I’lnbrella liandle. J Gilbert.

A'alve 2. J A Blair.

A'alve for steam engine, rotary. F Lester.
A'alve gear. J W Sargent and* R II Rice.
A'alve niecliani'in for hydraulic elevators.
W F Cole.

A'eliicle seat corner iron. C G Field.
ATlocipede brake. J II Hendrick and A II
Fay.

Yelocip<*de, ice. S Young.

Velocipede sadflle.-s, means fci supporting.

G de Rossetti.

Yeno ‘1’ cutting machines, (piarter log holder
for. 31 AVilliamson.

A' essels, apparatus for raising sunlven. EB
Petrie.

Wagon beds or wire stietcher, machine for
moving. RH Irvine and A T Anderson.
AVagon brake, automatic, 1> W Leo.

AVagon, mail. J II 3lartin,

AVagons, self closing roller top for transport.
11 3Iuhlherg.

AYaslistund an<l water closet, combined. A
A Leyare.

AVasliiiig macliine. I) R Borneman.

Watcli case pendent. A N Gauthier.

Water closet. J F Wolff.

AYatcr closet coupling 2 J II Savjll.

Water closets, connection for broken. A W
Ayling.

AVater gate, automatic. G Guttenbiunner.
AV'ave motor. G A Merritt.

AYeils, construction of oil. 0 Fay.

AViri's for metal disks or plates, machine for
forming. F H llowc.

Wooil cutting machine 3. AY 3Ierrill.

PATENTS GRANTED SEP. 25, '94.

Advertising shi[)ping tag. A S Terrill.

Air ship. i> Hnilbut.

Anchor or supporting plate 2. J Pirkl.
Animal trap. J Ross.

Aiiiuial trap, G A Snow’.

Atomizer. F B Giesler.

Anger, pu'it liole F W Mosureand T Warner.
P*a( kwater trap and valve. S W Hallock.
Bag. W II Field.

Barrel pitching apparatus 2 G Schmitt.

Bai rel.s, follower lor brine. G C West.

Basin and valve operating mechanism there-
for, set wash. J H Stevens, Jr.

Basin trap. J 3Iaiquis.

Bearing, hall. P Davies.

Bedclotlies clamp. H L Jessen.

Bell, call. ' W Storm-

Belting, manufacture of round leather. FE
Driischky and L A Schjerliug.

Bevel. 0 II Scott, C II Harvey and B R Scott.
Bicycle supi'ort. W II Scott.

Binders, shield fur knotter fingers of. AY T
Schenck.

Boiler. H H Kelley.

Boiler furnace. J Grogan.

Boiler scaling preventives, water pressure
feeder for. T B Smith.

Books, cover for inemoran<lum sales slip. AV
31 Kinuaid.

Bottling mu hine. A AVenier.

Box fastener. A W .Tones.

Bread or cakes, ai'paratus for the manufac-
ture ofaerateil. J Ghilds.

Buggy tops, lever attachment for raising or
lowering. J B Atom
Buihling m:it, Composite. I) Neale.

Bun.g sto]'per and bung bush. S Schlangen
and I Neumann
Gaiin'ia shutter. G A Waters.

Cans, pneumatic tester for. W B Page. (Re-
issue).

Car brake. S G Wilber.

Gar I'lake, automatic. J C r>eyerle.

Car coupling. 31 3IcPhail and F Kopicke
(?ar coupling. II A AVinterniglit.

Gar grip slot brake, cable. J T 31arlin.

Car guard. J H Jennings.

Gar register, street. AV' D Forbes.

Car switching device, street. J Brautigam.
Gar, vestibule. W F Richards.

Cars, testing indicaL'i* for electric railway.
T iStebl'iiis.

Card clothing, apparatus for setting teeth in.

31 Duesherg ]>elrez.

Card for eyeglass cliain. E J Fisher.

Card holder. G T Beelaiid.

Cash register. W W Johnson.

Gash register, indicator, and recorder 3. P
J Landiii and F L Walker.

Centrifugal screen. E R Dudley.

Churn. W P Bending.

Ghurn. J W Coyne and J A Shannon.

Cigar lighter. G AV LaBaw’.

Clamps, manufacture of metallic binding. E
Ileynen.

Clocks, apparatus for adjusting the beat of
pendulum. F Kroeber.

Coal screen. G AV Cross.

Coin controlled machine. AV Reeves.
Conductor supfiort and insulator. D N Osyor.
Conveyer. C W Miller.

Cotton sack carrier. C L Jolius.

Counting grape cuttings, grape roots, etc.,
machine for. F 31 Kidder.

Coupling link. A Lamplough.

Curling iron heater for lamps. H C Goodrich.
Curtain rod support. H Benoit.

Cyauids of alkaline metals, making, CT J
Yautin.

Decorating glass or other surfaces. J Budd.
Daltec tool sterilizing apparatus. ZT Sailer,

Detachable liouk. H A Dellaismes.

Distilling crude turpentine, apparatus for.

R 0 Carter.

Distilling spirits, apparatus for. II Clement-
son.

Doll. F B Scliultz.

Door hanger. T C Pruuty.
l)ood lock, sliding. AY Lash.

Door operating device. C L Rice.

Door, self acting. C Rondell.

Draft regulator. C F Kaul.

Dnnv bar attachment. 31 .1 Hoey.

Drawer guide. VV W Tanner and T AV^ Burclr
Dredge, steam. L Hussey.

Dredge, steam vacuum 2. L Hussey.
Dredgers, excavators, etc., cutter for, L W
Bates.

Drill. C 31 Lindholni.

Dynamo voltage regulator. 31 P Ryiler.
Dynamos from car axles, means for driving.
W Biddle.

E'-centi'ic surfaces, macliice for finishing. P
iSliellelihack.

Elastic fabric. A Straus.

Electric liglit circuits, registeringmechanism
for. AY 3IcNeill and J il Tinder.

Electrical apparatus, coin controlled. II F
Galligan.

Electrodepositing apparatus. H L Bridgman.
Elevator table. J (J Smith.

Engines, continuous cut off register for steam.

C H Dale.

Engines, means for increasing crank throw
of steam. H I Schanck.

Excavator. T P Smart.

Extensible rack. E \\' Leach.

Fabrics, macliine for raising the surface of
textile. J D Tomlinson.

Faucet, sirup jar. F H Lij'pincott,

Fence. G F Parks and A A Hamilton.

Fence, wire. W Berkes and P Lescli.

Fifih wheel. W F Kramer and G F Wein-
man,

Filter. (A P Briggs.

Fire alarm. J P Williams.

Fire escape. F Dymacek.

Flash liglit burner 2. 31 1) Westcott.

Flue cleaner, boiler. C S Dean.

Fruit gatherer. A Houghton.

Furnace. A Bryce.

Furnace. F B Giesler.

Furnace. T B 3Ioore.

Furnace. A II AV'oodruff.

Furnace draft regulating apparatus. G L
Thiell.

Furnaees, apparatus for coiitrtdling the a<l*
mission of air to. G L Thiell.

Furniture joints, device for tiglitening. II
T Davis.

Fuse, electiical safety. 0 31 Ran.

Game apparatus. W A Barnes.

Game board. G E Boyer.

Games, apiiaratus for playing. C A L Totten.
Garbage cremating apparatus. T 31 Glark.
Garment suppoiter. G W Ferguson.

Gas or other meter, coin controlled. IS Simp-
son

Gearing for imparting differential motion in
machinery. T 11 liushton.

Glass cutting tool holder. I \V Ileysinger.
Glass heating oven. AU Hurley.

Grain cleaner, tanning mill, and elevator.

combined. J F Hatfield.

Grain sepaiator. W W Briggs.

Grate heater, portable open. J Lawlor.

Gun mount, quick firing. A Noble and R T
Brankstoii.

Gun sight. H .Straudwold.

Halter. E P Waters,
llaminer, pneutnatic. J Beclie.

Hammer, power. A Beaudry.

Harp. L Lehman.

Harvester, corn. E E Witter.

Harvesters, twine box and tension for self
binding. C A A Rand.

Hay loader. J F Platt.

Hay press. J N Eastwood.

Hay rake. B F Smith.

Heating plants, air storing pipes in steam. II
3Iartini.

Hide and skin machine. AV Evans.

Hoisting mechanism. W Hoey.
lioj) picking and sepaiating macliine. B A
AVeatherbee.

Horses from cribbing and wind sucking, de-
vice for preventing. T Redmoiul.
Horseshoe, elastic tread. A Loetffer.

Hose to couplings, apparatus for apjilying.
P Whyte.

Hut water heater regulator. J K 3Iescliter.
Hotel register. I) F Riegle.
llydrocaibou burner. L 11 Gole and J Bower.
Ice cream freezer. E L Weston.

Ice sliaver and jiick. AV 31 iSeaman.

Ice tongs. E Burch.

Inkstand bracket. A Conkling.

Insulator for electiic conductors. G AV^ebster-
Interlocking safety switch. B W Sweet.
Joint for and method of joining metal bars.
W 31 Brown.

Knife burnishing macliine. G B Kelley.
Lace fastener, tied shoe. T E Lewis.

Ladder and ironing board support, combined
step and extension. A Gouser.

Ladders, trolley support fur. 31 Croissant.
Lamp. J A Hadley.

Land roller. J G Glarke.

Level, plumb. K and S Pollan).

Liquors, etc., apparatus for dispensing. J
Tomlinson.

Lock and latch, combined. J 3Iurdie.

Log unloader. AV E Hill.

Lubricator. F W Robeitshaw.

3Latch box. J Sulc.

31easure, scale. E Karschner.

31easuring instrument, electrical. li Herberts’.
31edicine or sample case. F G Gundlach.
31ilk can or analogous receptacle. F C J
Roennau.

31ining machine. F 31 Lechner.

31irroi'8, manufacturing. A I Klock.

31 iter cutting machine. J AV Oliver.

31ixing macliine. 0 Rijipiii.

31op wringer. H Keller.

Motion, means for producing rotary from re-
ciprocatory. G Ghapman.

31otor engine, gas, oil, or similar. H II
Andrew and A R Bellamy.

3Iu8ic box. A E Paillard and A Sueur.
Music leaf turner. CH Nadig.

Neck protector. H A Lahl.

Opening metal receptacles, means for. F C
Busch.

Opera glasses, apparatus for renting. J W
Patterson.

Packing, metallic rod. F J Cole.

Paddle wheel for boats. W H Knapp.
Padlock. G 31 Hathaw'ay.

Pattern, garment fitting 2. S Christiansen.
Pattern, sleeve S Cliristiausen.

Pen, fountain 4. P E AVirt.

Peiiiiolder. A II Steff.

Penholder tubes, machine for forming. H S
Graunis.

Photographic camera, roll holding. D II
Houston.

Piles from teredo, etc., composition for pre-
serving. C Arnoudts.

Pipe anti nut wrencli, combined. G W Thomas.
Piston removing device. I) E Sullivan.
Planter. J W Campbell.

Planter. L C Evans.

Planter, double row’ corn P 31 Weisel.
Planters, anchor fur check row. J A Whitson.
Planting seeds, appliance for and method of.

31 Welter, J Perschl, and P Weber.

Pliers. AV A Bernard.

Pliers, cutting. AV A Bernard.

Pottery, decorating. M L 3lcLaughlin.
Printing on glass, etc., apparatus for. A
Brookmaii.

Pump, steam vaeiiiiin. L Uiissey.

Pump valve gear. 0 C Worthington.

Puzzle. L P Shriver.

Puzzle. W E Timmerman.

Ratliator, stovepipe slielf, and towel rack
combined. G Laube. ’

Rail chair and tie, combined 2. J Albrecht.
Ka.lway conduit, electric. D F Graliamaiid
W P Allen.

Railway cross. A J 3Ioxham.

Railway frog. D F Ahiugham.

Railway frog, switch, and guard rail block.

J D(3reen.

Railway switch lock. AA' II Elliott.

Railway tie plate. W II AVilson.

Railway tie puller. G Enieiling.

Railway ties, machine for shearing W’ooden.
E I Leighton.

Railways, closed conduit for electric. C D
Tisdale.

Railways, electric cab signal for. E C AViley.
Railways, pointsman's indicator for. J Lord
and T K Leasou.

Registers, air moistening and purifying at-
tachment for. 11 Iliowizi.

Rlieostat. B E Baker.

Rock breaker. S Jackson.

Roll boldiiigcamera, folding. T> IT Houston.
Rolling mill feed mechanism. S Y Huber.
Rolling mill roll bearing. H \Y Thomas.
Rubber compounds, treating jilastic. W
Cable.

Sash fastener. I Elting.

Saw. E G Smith.

Saw'iog machine. H A^oung.

Scales, drop jack for railway or idatform. T
Gagnon.

Sectional boiler. H A R l)ietrich.

Settling tank. I) AV Fall, F B Wiiieland,
and S L Richards.

Sewing machine. J V^aiinette.

Sewing machine feeding mechanism, button
liole. J T Hogan.

Sewing machine quilting nieclianism. G A
Stafford.

Sliaft coupling. 31 Abraliam.

Shakers, etc., movement for. II J Gerhaidt
and F E Jagerson.

Sheet metal jiipe. J W Abrahams.

Seifting rail H C Swan.

Shoe. L G Kregel.

Showcase. A Iluliiert.

Signal apparatus, electric 2. W W Salmon.
Signaling, suhniaiine. L I Blake.

Skate. A A Jidinson.

Sleeve holder, under coat. J Hoffman.
Smoke bleaching apparatus. J T Sands.
Speaking tube attachment. AV AVeber.
Spindle. F M Garceloii.

Steam boiler. H L Wilson.

Steam engine, duplex. L F Voisard.
Strainer and aerator, milk. P S Ryan.

Straw stacker, i>neuniatic. G E AVarnke.
Sugar nuimifactnre, settling tank for. E W
I)i‘ining.

Syringe. C C Lnsby and C H Richardson.
Tea chest and attachment. C Toohey.
Telephone api>aratus, coin controlled. C C
Blake.

Thill Coupling. 31 Weniple.

Time lock. F H Blake.

Tire, jmeumatic. I> 31 Hawes.

Tobacco, machine for attaching tags to. D
J Burr.

Tobacco, machine for making and affixing
tags to. I> .1 Burr.

Tobacce tagging machine. D J Burr.
Tobacco wrapper. J Gonley.

Transplanting machine. G 0 3Ioore and T
J Fitzsimmons.

Trolley and feed wire bracket. L S Pfouts.
Trolley for electrical conductors. DN Osyt>r.
Trolley wdre bracket. L S Pfouts.

Trolley wire lianger. I B Walker,
Trombone gage. J L DeGood.

Trousers stretcher. G 31 Hathaway.

Ti'unk. AV S Foster

Tubular apparatus. F 31 Ashley,

Turn indicator. C 31 Jarvis.

Type founding machine. AFoucher.

Valve mechanism. 1) A Decrow.

Vehicle, safety. AV J Chaniiiel.

Veliicle spring shackle. II CSwan.
Velocipede. E C Stearns
Velocipede, ice. D G Bolton.

Voting machine. S E Davis.

Wagon brake. J W Brubaker.

Wagon brake lock. R Ford, Sr.

Wjishstand attacliment. I N Glauber.

Water bag and food warmer. A 31 Plummer,
AVater closet. E 0 Poppe.

Water heater. J 31 Laing.

AVell reamer. J Deisch.

AVheel. H P Garland.

AA'hetting cutting faces of chisels, machine
for. H J Gosling.

AVhip socket. F M Beidler
Wire rods, apparatus for treating. C W
Bildt.

Wrench and bit stock. H Polis.

Wrench or clamp adjustment. W J Wright,

THE INVENTIVE AOE.

20

r>

$1,000 REWARD

To every inventor takingr out a patent
throug-li our office. For particulars and a 76
pag’e excellent hand-book for inventors, inclose
stamps and address The American l*atent
Market and Xovelty Works, St. Paul, Minn
Mention this paper. A. M. CARLSEN. Prop.

PATENTS.

For eleven years I have devoted my
time exclusively’ to the preparation
and prosecution of applications for
PATENTS, TRADE-MARKS and
COPYRKiHTvS, to the manajrement
of interferences, to rendering opin-
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patents, to making- preliminary
searches, and to attending- to ail
matters relating- to patents or inven-
tions. Higrhest references in all parts
of the country’. Send for hand-book
on patents.

KIIESA G. DuBOIS,

Inventive Ag-e Building. IVasiiington, D. C

Jas. E. SRicloaore,
United States and
Foreign Patents.

Designs, Trademarks and Copyrights.

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Attorney at Law,

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Counsellor and Plxpert in Patent
Causes. Seven years experienct* as
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Office.

PATENTS OBTAINED.

E. W. ANDERSON & CO.,

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700 7th Street, WASHINGTON, D. C.

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PATENTS.

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Ekei-: of Chak(,e. Cn>urpas'<ed faciliue-^.
Moderate terms. I>ef<*re applying for a jiateiit
write us. All information and advice Fkee.

GLASCOCK & CO.

6o6 F Street \. \\ Washington. D. C.

THE PREMIER WATCH,

INCLUDING CHAIN AND CHAK3I.

This new watch is very’ similar to the Triumph which has given unbounded satisfaction and of
which we have given out thousands during the last six months, with a niarkofl reduction in si^e
and many’ minor improvements in case, finish and rnoA’ement.

It is an American watch that will keep acciiriite time, and will not get out of order. This
we giiarjiiitee or monev refunded. The manufacturers have concentrated their entire effort on

:,kk-;Atninv m CHEAPEST RELIABLE ITCH ElEB GIUEN TO THE PUBLIC, i":.') rA

it and fully guarantee it. The Case is strongly’ made and caretully fitted to e.xclude dust. It
is Open Face with heavy' polished bevel cry'stai. Case is heavily plated and handsomely- finished
ill gilt closely resembling gold by a special process known only to the makers. Weight of watch
complete 414 oz. The Movement, combines many patent devices, including American Eever,
Lantern Pinion, Patent EZscapement, Patent AVindiiig Attachment. Four or five turns of wind-
ing attachment wind for 24 to 36 hours. The cut, which falls far short of doing it justice, exactly
represents the watch three-fourths size.

A FEW TESTIMONIALS.

L. C. WOOD,

Attorney and
Solicitor «f

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Atlanta Exposition to be Atlanta, Ga.

held in 1895, without cost
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The watch I received from y’ou keeps admirable
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I am much pleased with the watch you sent
me. It keeps right up on time with the regula-
tor. It has not varied a minute in two weeks.

Dk. Anderson, Webb City’, Mo.

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tliat y’our praise of its real worth was not over-

drawn in any' particular. It has kept perfect
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one.

B. F. Hardman, Waitsburg, Wash.

The watch I received of you is keeping first-
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out variation. The wonder is, how they’ can be
made for the price.

J. S. Gkannis, Cleveland, Ohio.

UATUNTS FOR IN VI:N Tl< )NS.

RICHARD P. EVANS & CO.,

Counsellors at Law.

Attorneys in Solicitors of United
Patent States and Foreign

Causes. Patents.

464 La. Ave., Washington, D. C.

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and Labels rejjistered. Twenty-five years e.x-
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until patent isallowed. S'ipage Hook Free,
H. B. WILLSON <k CO. , Attorneys at Law,
0pp. u. S. Pat. Uilice. WASHINGTON, D.C,

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711 G Street, opposite U. S. Patent Office,
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IT. I*. l>3i:WEE>S,

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WASHINGTON, D. C,

Practices in the vSupreme Court of the United
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senting the Gonervnieiit.

NOW READY.

An Entirely New and Practical
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Including the Law and Practice of Cases
in the United States Patent Office
and the Courts Holding a Revisory
Relation Thereto. Also, an Appen-
dix of Copyright Decisions, Etc., by
GEORGE H. KNIGHT.

I. The Patent Franchise.

II. Decisions Relating' to Patents for Inven-
tions.

III. Decisions Relating to Patents for Designs.

IV. Decisions Relating to Trade-marks and
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APPENDIX A. Copyrights.

APPENDIX B. Foreign Patents.

Table of Cases.

One Vol. 8vo. Law Sheep. Price S5.00 net.

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BUBIER’S

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Scientific Illustrated Monthly for the
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Cotitainin<j descriptions of all the new inven-
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Price, Postpaid, $1,00 a Year.

STANTON’S STRAINING POT.

Pat. February 18, 1890.

No. Patent 421,777.

This device combines a vessel into vhich liquids
may be poured or drawn, the operation of straining
and measuring being- accomplished at the same time.
A cut of the receptacle g-ives a clear idea of the con-
struction. The body of tlie pot is cvlindrical in
shape, with ribs or rings placed at various distances
to afford means to measure the contents. A funnel
strainer is seated witliin the top of tlie pot. so that
liquids are guided as well as strained as they enter.
A lid closes over this to effectually keep out dirt and dust should the contents be
left standing. A funnel-shaped outlet at the top of the pot provides means to
pour out the contents; a strainer placed within this outlet g-iving the passing
liquid a second straining. A cap attached to the side bj' a short chain is in
handy reach to close the spout, thus keeping- all dust or insects from entering.
This Straining Pot should find a place in families, drug stores, liquor dealers,
and all grocery stores. The whole patent is offered for sale or will be placed on
a royalty, or will be sold by' state or county as desired by purchaser. For in-
formation address, GEORGE C. STANTON, New Iberia, La.

Just

Published.

standard Electrical Dictionary,

By Prof. T. O’CONOR SLOANE,

Author of “Arithmetic oi Electricity.** Electricity
Simplified." Electric T03* Making,** Etc.

624 Pages. 350 Illustrations. Handsomely Btnind in Cloth, Svo, Extra Super

Calendered Paper,

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per annum thereafter. Stock can be withdrawn an^’ time after three and
six months with 6 per cent and after two years with 8 per cent. Unexcelled
as a method of saving stnall or tni'csting large sums.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.

Hon. Joseph D. Tayeok, President. W. F. Johnson, Gen\ Manager.

GEO. S. DOREMUS. FRANK C. JUST

DOREMUS & JUST,

414 Eleventh St., Star Building,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Model Makers, Manufacturers of Patented

Novelties and Electric Supplies.

All kinds Screw machine work. Bicycles built to order, repaired, nickle plated
and enameled with baked enamel. Gold, Silver, Nickle, Copper and Bronze Plater.

Oliancleliei’s in tlxe Latesst Styles,

Out of town work solicited.

Fifth Year. /
No. II. f

WASHINGTON, D. C., NOVEMBER, 1894.

\ Single Copies lo Cents.
) $i Per Year.

A GREAT STRUCTURE.

Something About Cabin John Bridge on the Line
of the Washington Aqueduct.

The Capitol building, government departments,
Mt. Vernon, Arlington Cemeter}% Washington
Monument and Cabin John Bridge are the promi-
nent features of interest to visitors to the Nation's
Capital. The latter two, though conceived and
constructed many years since, for the most part,
stand as monuments to the engineering skill of
those who planned
them. Those un-
acquainted with
its importance to
this city the Cabin
John Bridge car-
ries with it little
more than the
name implies — a
place of curiosity,
preserved in mem-
ory of some quaint
charac ter. But
those who take the
time and trouble
to drive seven
m i 1 es up the
banks of the
beautiful Poto-
mac river and in-
spect the Wash-
ington Aqueduct
obtain a very dif-
ferent and lasting
impression of this
immense, single
span stone arch
bridge, now stand-
ing largest of its
kind in the world.

After several
surveys and ur-
gent appeals to
congress by
Lieut. Montgom-
ery C. Meigs, then
an officer in the
United States En-
gineer Corps, ap-
propriation was
made and work
begun on this bridge, which now maintains the nine
foot conduit that gives Washington its hourly
supply of water, actual operations being commenced
in 1853, with the structure completed in about a de-
cade thereafter. The main bridge is 420 feet long,
with a clear single span of 220 feet. It is 20 feet
wide, and the keystone is 101 feet above the bed of
the creek, the cost of the whole structure reaching
$2,905,500. The capacity of the water conduit, which
has a fall of nine inches to the mile, is 67,500,000
gallons every twenty-four hours, though but
45,000,000 gallons of water pass through the conduit

at Rock creek in meeting the demands of the cit)'.
The eastern abutment of the Cabin John Bridge
contains 75,959.60 cubic feet, the openings amount-
ing to 16,380.24 cubic feet, leaving the net masonry
59.579.36 cubic feet ; while the western abutment
contains 65,296.56 cubic feet, with openings equal
to 13,170.24, and the net masonry 52,296,32 cubic feet.
Natural rock and concrete form the foundations for
the abutments, which are 32 feet on their base, and
the arch is comp(jsed of granite and rubble rock.

It was a number of 3'ears after its completion

before this bridge formed a part of one of Washing-
ton’s most beautiful driveway’s, and not until 1871,
when Col. Elliot, the present engineer, was first in
charge, were the parapets constructed that made it
perfectlj’ safe for persons to drive over such a hig"!!
and narrow structure.

The water supply’ of Washington now passes
under the Rock creek bridge, Pennsylvania avenue
crossing, through two 48 inch conduits. One of these
conduits carries a 36 inch and a 12 inch pipe, and
the other a 36 inch pipe. But few people passing
over this bridge are aware of its novel construction.

The bridge is built upon and supported by these two
conduits, which form the arch. The only’ 48 inch main
for carry’ing water to the city’ comes through the M
street bridge, which was constructed under the
supervision cf Col. George II. Elliot, the present
engineer in charge of the Washington Aqueduct.

The inscription tablets on the Cabin John Bridge
attract considerable attention. The one on the east
end because of its somewhat obscure character and
position, containing simply the name of the design-
er, who became famous for his engineering- skill,

and the date of
the beginning
and finishing of
the s t r u cture,
reading- as fol-
lows ;

M. C. Meitrs, Chief
Eiifi-ineer, Washin”--
tun Atjueduct. A. I).
1853. Fecit.

The inscription

on the west end

appears in bolder

form and reads :

Beiruii A. D. 1853.
President of the U. S..
Franklin Pierce. Sec-
retary of War, —

-. Buildine-

A. I). 18(il; President
of the U. S., Abraham
Lincoln. Secretary
of War. Simon Cam-
eron.

For many years
the impression
prevailed that
Gen. Meigs au-
thorized the full
inscrijition and
then the removal
of the prominent
name therefrom,
which causes the
blank to now a])-
pear. At the time
this inscription
was placed on the
abutment Gen.
Meigs was quar-
termaster-gen e r-
al and probably
knew nothiug-
about the fact
that it contained
the name of Jef-
ferson Davis as secretary of war. It has been
stated upon authority’ of a member of his
family that he certainly’ had nothing to do with
the removal of Davis’ name. The best authority
extant upon this subject is to the effect that in June.
1862, shortly’ after the bridge had been turned over
to the secretary’ of war, Caleb B. Smith, the then
secretary’, in company with a party of congressmen,
went up to view the bridge. Among the cong-ress-
men was Hon. Galusha A. Grow, the present con-
gressman-at-large from Pennsy'lvania. When the
{Continued on page 217).

“CABIN JOHN BRIDOE,’’— LARGEST STONE ARCH IN THE WORLD-ON LINE OF WASHINGTON ACJUEDUCT.

Photo by E. J. Pullman k Sun, Wasliington, IE C.

:2lO

Estal>l islned iSSo*

INVENTIVE AGE PUBLISHING CO.,

8th and H Sts., ■\Vashiiiy:ton, I>. C.

Alex. S. C.vpehart.

Marshall H. Jewell.

The Inventive Age is sent, postage prepaid, to any address
in the United States, Canada or Mexico for $1 a .vear; to any
other country, postag’e prepaid, $1.50. All subscriptions stopped
at expiration of term.

Correspondence with inventors, mechanics, manufacturers,
scientists and others is invited. The columns of this journal are
open for thediscussion of such subjects as are of g-eneral interest
to its readers.

Technical matter is particularly desired. We want practical
information from practical men.

Nothing- will be published in the editorial columns for pay.

The Inventive Age is thoroug-liU^ independent, and has no
alliance with any patent attorney or patent bureau. It is the
friend of the inventor and the American manufacturer.

Advertising- rates made known on application. Special facil-
ities for furnishing- cuts of an.v patented article tog-ether with
descriptive article. Business specials 25 cents a line each Inser-
tion, 7 words to the line. No advertisement less than 5b cents.

Address all communications to The Inventive Age, Wash-
ington, D. C.

Entered at the Postoffire in Washington as second-class matter.

WASHINGTON, D. C., NOVEMBER, 1894.

SPECIAL OFFER TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.

The Inventive Age makes a feature of illustratin.g new
inventions and new triumphs in eng-ineering and mechanics.

Under this heading ma,v be classed the building of canals and
waterways, modern vessels and war ships, modern buildings,
interior views of model machine shops and factories, railroad
bridges, views of eng-iueeriiig achievements of every nature,
natural wonders and discoveries, new machines, engines,
motors and developments in electrical science, novelties, labor
saving devices, etc.

We desire the assistance and co-operation of amateur and
professional photographers everywhere. Every photographer
has in his collection, or can obtain, one or more viewsithat can
be used in the Age. We also want photos of prominent inven-
tors as well as their inventions.

Not only will we give the artist credit for any view used but
in addition we will forward the Age free one year to his address.
In instances of special merit and views of e.xtraordinary achieve-
ments of genius and labor, cash prizes will be awarded.

Readers of The Inventive Age in all parts of the world will
confer a favor by advising local photographers of our re<j[uest.

It is also desired that accompanying each view, there also be
sent a complete description of the subject or enterprise, or that
the address of some person be g-iven from whom complete infor-
mation can be obtained.

OwNEKS of lead mines in British Columbia tire
pleased with the new tariff scliedule. Under the
McKinley law foreign lead was made to pay a dut_Y
of $30 a ton. The new tariff cuts this duty to $15.
Lead continues to be quoted at a fraction over three
cents, whicli prevents the profitable working of any
lead mine in the United States, unless it assavs high
in silver.

Last month The Inventive Age published the
“discovery” of Mr. Lmil Christiani, of Washington,
D. C. — the. trisection of an oblique angle. Now
comes Miss Jesse Burgster, of Jamestown, North
Dakota, with a much easier and more practical
method. The correction of Mr. Cliristiani's Latin
justifies the statement that the error was the
printer’s failure to correct the proof.

The Inventive Age calls particular attention to
the many novelties advertised in this issue. Many
of these are very useful and will make suitable holi-
day gifts. We also call attention to our list of
popular scientific books. The majoritj' of these
should be in the library of every mechanical engin-
eer, electrician or scientist and the prices have been
reduced to a point where expense does not stand in
the way.

The following, official changes in the Patent
Office were given out for publication on the 20th ult:
Appointments — Herbert Lewis, of Massachusetts,
and Robert L. Ames, of Michigan, fourth assistant
examiners, $1,200 ; Georg-e G. Thompson, of Mich-
igan, and James S. Hazen, of Virginia, coypists,
§720. Resignations — George R. Baldwin, of Illinois,
and Ewin S. Johonnott, Jr., of Illinois, fourth assis-
tant examiners.

The Commissioners of the District of Columbia
have taken hold of the street car fender question in

THE INVENTIVE AOE.

earnest, and an order has been issued that the vari-
ous companies proceed to make thorough tests of
life-saving devices with a vdew of determining which
of the many inv^entions are most practical. In this
order the Commissioners designate several inven-
tions that shall receive immediate trial, among them
being’ the Smith fender, illustrated and described iu
the June number of The Inventive Age.

The manufacture, price and output of binding
twine has for some j'ears been controlled by a trust.
The Deering Harvester Companj' has been one of
the heaviest customers. There has been some diffi-
culty and now it is .announced that the Deering peo-
ple will erect a monster mill with a ' capacity equal
to about one-fifth of the annual consumption.
The Deering’ people control some patents calculated
to cheapen the cost of manufacture, and it is not un-
likely that the United States Cordage Company, as
the trust is called, will find the Deering’ Companj’ a
dangerous foe.

The readers of The Inve;ntive Age are indebted
to Mr. Robt. W. Fenwick this month for a brief
sketch of the interesting career of the late Judge
Holt, of Washington, at one time Commissioner of
Patents. The quotation from a decision in the
Goodvear case indicates the keen appreciation of
the rig’hts of the inventor held bj' Judge Holt, and
the anti-protection ideas that are prevailing’ among’
many misinformed people in Congress — and out of
Cong’ress for that matter — should be met by just
such grand views of invention and inventors as are
found in Judge Holt's papers.

The industrial depression of the last two 3'ears is
ampH' illustrated in the decreased earning’s of rail-
roads, decreased expenditures for repairs of roadbed
and equipment and decreased new mileag’e. In the
whole countr3G in the period from January 1st to
October 1st this 3’ear, the mileage of new main line
track was but 1,1(10, the smallest in over thirty 3'ears.
The outlook for the future is much brighter, however.
Ko industrv. in the revival of business, will more
speedily respond to the throb than that of rail-
roading in all its various ramifications and en-
vironments, from additional section men to an in-
creased demand for steel rails and modern equip-
ments.

The American Engineer and Railroad Journal
has established an interesting’ department on aero-
nautics, under which heading will be published all
matter relating to the subject of aerial navig’ation,
which the editor trul3’ sa3's is a branch of engineer-
ing rapidp' increasing in general interest. This
department will be under the direct supervision of
Mr. O. Chanute. of Chicago, a civil engineer of some
note. The October number contains a description
of the navigable balloou at the Antwerp exposition,
also an interesting article from Hiram S. Maxim,
inventor of the ingenious fl3'ing machime mentioned
in the October number of The Inventive Age.

Buef.ai.O, N. Y., and vicinit3' seems to be a fruit-
ful localit3" for patent sharks. Here is where that
prince of fakirs, I’aul James Gregor3% holds out,
although his stationer v would indicate -that his
main office was in Marilla, X. Y. This is the chap
who was arrested last summer at the instance of the
United States officials for using’ the mails for fraud-
ulent purposes. He is now out on bail and still do-
ing’ business at the old stand and in the old wa3’.
This is the modest individual who writes inventors
to beware of “swindling concerns.” In one of his
letters he says : “Man3" swindling concerns have
sprung up in the west, and they seem to be tr3'ing
to build up a business b3' slandering their honest
competitors. * ^ * i have built up 1113’ business,

which is enormous, not b3’ injuring others, but b3’
hard work and honest competition. * * * i hav'e
a ver3' large office, model room, agents headquarters,
etc., everv facilit3' that brain and money can devise
to help sell patents.” Gregor3"’s “advance fee” is
§20 and he tells the inventor not to answer his letter
if he cannot comply with the terms as he cannot
change them. Gregory evidently does business on
the theor3' that a new crop of suckers matures ever3"

Tuesda3% for in the light of the testimony taken be-
fore U. S. Commissioner Fairchild, at Buffalo on
June 12th last, published in the Buffalo Express of
June 13th, showing Gregor3’ to be a humbug of the
first water, he is still engaged in the same old busi-
ness. Here is the quotation from the Express :

Attorney Mackev introduced into evidence a lot of letters,
letter heads and circulars TvliicU Inspector Coates had g-athered.
Some of the letters excited much merriment when read in con-
trast to the real circumstances. All of them were so worded as
to give the impression that Paul James Gregory “patent attor-
ney and broker,” had an immense business. One of the letters,
written in response to Griffin’s request for the return of his $20,
excused Gregory for failure to comply with the terms of the con-
tract by telling of large extensions that were being made to
accommodate his business. He spoke of having his landlord
build “additions to the building in which my offices are located,
and erect aiutther building for me.” He also referred to the
strengthening of floors, which were too weak to bear the weight
of his large printing presses, all of which, it is said, exist onb'
in the imagination of the said Paul James Gregorv, who at the
time occupied a very modest little office in the very modest
locality-. No. l')5 East Genesee street.

Another letter of apologjq written shortly before this to an-
other of the alleged victims, g'ives so widelv different an impres-
sion as to make his subsequent show of prosperity exceedingly
ridiculous. He pictured his family as verv ill and business very
much on the hog train'. The whole epistle teemed with such a
despondenc_v over misfortune that it must be a hard hearted
wretch who could expect a patent attorney to fulfill his contract
within a given time. In each of these letters of apolog3- Gregort'
reciuested an extension for a month or two.

Another smooth individual in the same line of
business in Buffalo is George B. Smith. He is the
fellow who, in his circulars and in his elaborately
displayed lithograph heading’s, last spring claimed,
among other things, to be the publisher of the “In-
ventive Age” an illustrated magazine “published to
a vast circulation.” He was then located at Chaffee,
N. Y., and took great pleasure in refering the in-
ventors to Bradstreet’s and Dun’s. On information
furnished b3' us the postoffice authorities soon
checked him up, but he has broken out in a new
spot. His headquarters is Buffalo now and he claims
to publish the “Inventive World” instead of “Inven-
tive Age.” It matters not what he calls it. he is no
less a fraud, unless reformation has set in since
last spring. And this is the fellow who in Ma3' last
wrote an inventor that he hoped he (the inventor)
would not class him (Smith) with such parties as
Greg’or3’. The representatations made by these
allegced patent brokers, in their correspondence with
inventors, will not stand the test of anaL’sis and
investigation. It hardU’ seems possible that an
intelligcent inventor could be caught by them, but
W(f have the statements of man3' who have bought
their experience.

Patent Selling.

After spending’ time, energ3' and money to obtain
a patent on an invention the average inventor, who
has made no preliminarv arrangcement for the dis-
position of his patent, natural^’ asks himself :
“What shall I do with it?” He is soon answered. Just
as soon as the mails can reach him, after his name
appears in the Official Gazette of the Patent Office,
which is issued each Tuesda3% he is advised of the
enormous fortune that awaits him, providing he acts
promptL' and follows certain specific instructions.
He ma3’ receive one, ten, twenty or thirt3’ letters of
advice from as man3’ different individuals, associa-
tions or agencies, but the similarit3’ of their propo-
sitions is so striking that but for the anxiety of the
inventor he would at once see the deception and
ciuacker3’ hidden in the jarg’on of circulars and other
documents received. The underL'ing feature of nine
out of ten of the propositions made is the “advance
fee” desired on the part of the grand arm3’ of anxious
and energetic friends the inventor has gained,
all at once, in ever3’ part of the country. Nor is his
fame confined to the measH' little strip of land
across the American continent known as the United
States, for after the wash of the first wave, and be-
fore the inventor has time to properly arrange,
classif3’ and anah'ze the array of literature he has
received from his own countr3’men, he is notified
of having been voted an honorary member of several
Parisian Academies of Science and German and
English Technical Societies — all on account of the
g’feat merit of the invention and the high respect for
the inventor. He is also advised of the fact that he
has been awarded numerous medals and diplomas;
but rest assured that, concealed in some obscure
line or corner of each and every one of these pro-
positions and notifications, hidden beneath folds of
red and blue ribbon and a wealth of gold wafers

THE IXVEXTlVE .\QE.

and sealing’ wax, is that innocent, careless, but very
significant hint, that stipulation which is pre-
requisite to the inventor’s success, .that'chasni which
only separates him from fortune — “advance fee.’’
The ingeniousness of some of these patent selling
fakirs is, indeed, striking, and their persistencj- is
equalled only by the display’ of anxietj- for the in-
ventor’s welfare. Some of them enclose a telegraph
blank, accompanied by a letter setting forth that a
representative of the firm or association is about to
start on a tour through certain manufacturing dis-
tricts where patents in the line of that owned by
the inventor addressed are in great demand ; and if
he (the inventor) will wire at once the lowest price
he will take for the patent — and “return one of the
enclosed contracts properly signed,” etc., accom-
panied by an “advance fee” of SlO or S20, according
as the gullibility of the inventor may be sized up —
which fee is just to apply on postage, printing cir-
culars, advertising, etc. — if the inventor will be
prompt in all these things and not wait to hear from
other less enterprising patent brokers, then the sale
of his patent will be undertaken at once b_v their
agent about to start out on the road, etc. Of course
there is another provision in the contract — an agree-
ment to give the seller ten per cent of amount re-
ceived for the patent. “This is where we expect to
make our money,” say the^'. But in nine cases out
of ten this is mere dust in the eyes of the inventor.
This telegram scheme is what would be called in
western townsite speculation the “rush act.”

Now. Thk Inventive Age would take no particu-
lar exception to the “advance fee” system if, follow-
ing the acceptance of the same, the patent broker
did actually put forth intelligent and well directed
efforts looking to the sale of the patent : but our in-
vestigations lead to the conclusion that very few
patent agencies do more than obtain an “advance
fee,” although they may succeed in convincing the
inventor, in some instances, that thej' really do
make sales. "VVe state a fact well known to many
inventors when we sav that there is usually great
alacrity on the part of patent brokers in informing
the inventor of sales made in general, but consider-
able hesitancy in giving out details. Thej' are all
great patent sellers — on paper — but when asked for
names of purchasers and dates of sales, thej’ either
evade the enquirv or terminate negotiations.

There is a field in the United States for patent
selling and a crj-ing need for legitiniacj' in this line,
but it does seem as if the temptation to humbug is
so strong and the opportunitj’ so great, that the ma-
joritj' who engage in the business depend almost
entirelj' upon the cupiditj' of the inventor.

There is still another class who are as much the
enemies of thf inventor as the average patent seller.
They adopt the more aristocratic title of patent solic-
itors, but their field is in foreign lands. We refer
to that class who advise the obtaining of foreign
patents after the patent has been published in this
countrv, and who incidentallj' sav, on the side, that
thej’ have no doubt but that a rich reward in the
shape of sales in foreign countries will g-reet the in-
ventor if he will authorize them to obtain foreign
patents for him. In the face of the doubtful validity,
and in some countries the absolute invaliditj’ of pat-
ents obtained in foreign countries after publication
of the patent in the United States, the inventor
would like, and certainlj’ needs, a little further ex-
planation. In this connection it maj’ not be out of
place to suggest to anj’ and all patent sellers and
patent solicitors, foreign or domestic, that the
columns of The Inventive Age are alwaj’s open to
the rational discussion of all matters affecting pat-
ents and inventions, and the Age is reminded bj’
more than one of its readers that a replj’ to the
questions raised in a communication signed “A Sub-
scriber,” in the October number, would be intenselj’
interesting at this time. Inventors should not lose
sight of the fact that there is a vast difference in
patents, especiallj’ foreign patents, and while it maj’
be possible for these foreign patent specialists to
obtain' a patent for an American inventor after his
patent has been published in this countrj’ seven
months or more, of what value is it ? The inventor
does not want a patent in name only, and that is

whathe is likely to get if he is not extremelj’ cautious.
The Inventive Age sounds the warning. Beware
of pitfalls.

The Relation of the Inventor to the Public.

Editor Invicntive Age : — I have just read Mr.
Logan’s address before the American Association
of Inventors and Manufacturers and think it
worthj’ of some suggestions in replj’ — the more so
because some words in it indicate that his
ideas are founded upon an erroneous conception of
the foundation of an inventor’s rights. Near the
close of the paper he saj’s :

" The inventor should not be allowed to xjursue, as he is sonie-
tinies inclined under the present law. a dotr-in-the-nianyer pol-
icy. He must either do somethin^’ himself or allow others to do
it. He trets a valuable pfrant from the public and a reward for
a supposed public service. He must render his service or vive
up his reward. The public, if they {five him his patent may
fairlv see to it that the3' fiet the fruits of the invention."

It would be difficult to condense more error in the
same number of lines. The inventor does not get a
grant from the public in any sense usuallj’ attached
to the word. He is one partj’ to a contract, the pub-
lic is the other. He fulfills his part in advance and
the public often if not generallj’ fails to fulfill its
part: but in the sense of a grant from the public
there is no such thing possible, because the public
never owned or possessed anything to grant to the
inventor. Neither does the public give to the inven-
tor anj’ reward whatever for anj’ supposed public
service. It is preciselv the other waj’. The
inventor gives to the public something and the
public gives for it permission to work for the re-
ward with “I hope j’ou maj’, get it.” The inventor
has rendered his service fullj’ when he files in the
Patent Office a full disclosure of his invention. The
public has no legal or equitable interest in t’ne in-
vention disclosed until the expiration of the patent.
Unfortunatelj’ for the inventor, if the invention is
of value the same public do what thej’ can to despoil
the inventor instead of rewarding him. If I rent a
piece of ground for seventeen j’ears, the considera-
tion beingv the erection of a house which shall belong
to the owner of the ground at the expiration of the
lease, what concern is it of the lessor whether I live
in the house or keep it closed ? What valid claim
has he that I shall live in it and take him as a
boarder ? The inventor who discloses his invention
in the patent takes an exclusive right to it for seven-
teen years. It would not be exclusive if he was com-
pelled to share it in anj’ wav.

The constitution onlj’ authorizes grants.

Congress maj’ fix the term, but if it issues anj’ pat-
ents at all. thej’ must be exclusive for the term.
This ground was all discussed in the Senate some
vears ago. and proposed amendments to the law on
lines indicated bj’ Mr. Logan, were laid aside for the
reason that a constitutional amendment would be
needed to make them valid.

Of Mr. Logan’s four propositions numbers three
and four would fail because, first, an amendment to
the constitution would be required to give validitj’
to any law on those lines. Second, because in view
of the fact that the inventor is the creator of some-
thing which no power can compel him either to dis-
close or to use, there is no waj’ by which the public
maj’ gain either knowledge or interest, except bj’
means of a trade on terms satisfactorj’ to the crea-
tor.

Just so soon as j'ou deprive him of a right to con-
trol under the patent, he will cease to disclose and
trust to his chances in working in secret as manj’ do
now. The first and second, sound verj’ nicelj’, but
would fail because of the impossibilitv of formulat-
ing anj’ rules of division. There are possibilities
of improvement in the patent law which shall ren-
der it easier for the inventor and harder for the in-
fringer without going into speculative fields, when
it is at least doubtful whether expected benefits
would be found. The principal one of tliese is, place
the action of the Patent Office bej’ond review bj’ the
Court. No patent ought to be declared invalid be-
cause a judge, ignorant of science or mechanics,
fails to see a difference, plain to anj’ impartial ex-
pert. A large portion of the expense of everj’ pat-
ent suit is in defending or attacking the action of
the Commissioner on the record of his own office.
Let us devote ourselves to the task of making it hard
for the infringer and there will be little complaint
from either public or inventor.

R. D. O. Smith.

Another Transmission of Power Scheme.

The scheme to construct a canal from a point on
the Platte river to the outskirts of Omaha, fortj’-
nine miles distant, is assuming definite shape. The
people of Douglas countj’ will be given an oppor-
tunitj’ to vote on the proposition to give a subsidj'
of $1,000,000 for the enterprise. It is estimated that
a fall of 135 feet will be procured and 24,000 horse
power developed. The entire cost of the enterprise
is estimated at $4,000,000.

NOTES AND NEWS.

Tli<> X<‘\v LoikIoii IJridgc. In ir- .Mu-trii.-
tion 31.000.000 bricks and 10,.'il0 tons of ri-ineiit were
used.

.^It. St, lylias.- The scientific researi’ln , whicli
have been made jointly by American and British
scientists in Alaska, to decide iqxjii the boundary
line between British and .Vmerican possessions,
have found that Mt. St. Elias is<jn Britisli territory.
Thej’ have found the heiirht of* this mountain to be
IS, 023 feet, considerably higher than was sujqiosed.

•jf vl- V-

()\er oOO Jliles of Tiiiinols, I'lie world’s
tunnels are estimated to number about eleven hun-
dred and fortj’-two, with a total length of five hun-
dred and fourteen miles. There are about one tliou-
sand railroad tunnels, ninetj’ canal tunnels, forty
conduit tunnels, and twelve subaqueous tunnels,
having an aggregate len.gth of about three hundred
and fiftj’ miles, seventj’ miles, eightj’-five miles am’
nine miles respectivelj’.

All 01«l — Dolcoath, one of the mines of

Cornwall, has been worked so long that even tradi-
tion does not give the date of the opening. Priem to
1788 the product was mostlj’ copper and it is said
equalled over $10. 01)0. 000 in value. For some years
it was abandoned, but in 1799 the present company
was formed, and the dividends to date have
amounted to -$5, 000, 000. The mine is now down to
the 2,550-foot level, and g’ives employment to 1.3i)()
men.

New Canadian -Ship Canal. — The Canadian
Ship Canal at Sault Ste. (Marie, is about completed.
It has cost something- over $4,000,000 and is said ndt
to be a very perfect piece of engineering. One of
the walls threatened to cave in because of imperfect
foundation at some points, which necessitated im-
mediate repairs. On the whole, however, it is con-
sidered a great work, completed in a remarkable
short period. The canal is 3.500 feet long, and has
a mean width of 152 feet, while it will carrj’ vessels
drawing 20 feet.

New Torpedo lioats. — The Navj' Department
is now getting out plans for three new torpedo boats.
The general dimensions of the three vessels are to
be: Leng-th, 160 feet: beam, 16: mean dra light. 5 :
displacement. 13o tons : indicated horse-power. 2.000:
speed. 2\yz knots. The armament will be three sin-
gle-deck torpedo guns : three one-pounder rapid fire
g-uns : four auto-mobile torpedoes. 1.800 rounds of
one pounder ammunition. Each vessel is to have a
coal capacitj’ of 45 tons. Fifteen hundred dollars
will be allowed for each quarter knot in excess of
the 24y required up to 25U knots, and $3,000 for
each quarter knot in excess of 25 L knots.

^

Oyster Planting' . — The possibilitj’ of the ex-
haustion of the oj’ster beds of Maryland has led to
an unusual interest in the work of increasing the
number of oj’ster beds. During the last sesson of
the legislature of that state, a charter was granted
the Baltimore Harbor Companj’, g-iving- them the
right to plant oyster beds along the coast. The fol-
lowing scheme lias been approved : A canal will be
cut through the narrow strip of land which separates
the strait of Chincoteague from the Atlantic ocean,
beginning above Ocean Citj’. This canal will let
the salt water of the ocean into these bays and inlets,
and then oj’ster beds can be planted. An area of
48,000 acres will thus be gained for this purpose: and
the canal will also be convenient for commercial
uses. An annual crop of 40,000,000 bushels of oj’s-
ters, worth in the beds fullj’ $20,000,000. will thus
be added to the oj’ster industry.

fleeting of Street Railway Association.

The thirteenth annual convention of the Ameri-
can Street Railwaj’ Association, held in Atlanta.
Ga., Oct. 17-19, was attended bj’ over 1.000 people
interested in street car matters and is spoken of bj’
all who attended as having been a most enjoj’able
and profitable session. Manj’ valuable papers were
read and the exhibition of apparatus and material
bj’ manufacturers of street railwaj’ supplies and the
displaj’ of devices and sj’stems bv inventors was
very large and interesting-. The next meeting will
be held in Montreal. The following- officers for the
ensuing j’ear were elected : President. Joel Hurt.
Atlanta, Ga.: Vice Presidents. W. IVorth Bean. St.
Joseph, Mich., JohnM. Cunningham. Boston. (Mass..
Russell B. Harrison, Terre Haute. Ind.: Secretary’
and Treasurer, IVm. J. Richardson. Brooklj’u. N. Y.:
Executive Committee. Henry C. Payne: (Milwaukee,
IVis.: W. H. Jackson, Nashville, Tenn.: D. C. Ham-
ilton, St. Louis, (Mo.: G. C. Cunningham, (Montreal,
Can.; J. N. Partridge, Brooklyn, N. Y.

212

THE INVENTIVE AGE.

Distribution of Compressed Air in Paris.

In 1879 the first trials were made in Paris of what
was afterward known as the Popp compressed air
system ; the earliest installation was on a verj' small
scale, and for some j'ears the application was limited
to the operation of clocks in the streets as well as in
private houses. The central station was located in
a small building-, in the basement of which were two
compressors driven each b3' a six horse-power en-

the service pipes are of lead, and their diameters
varv from 3.15 inches to 1.58 inches.

When the station on the Quai de la Gare was un-
taken the Creusot Companj', which supplied the en-
gines, guaranteed as a maximum consumption of
fuel 1.54 pounds per one horse-power per hour.

The trails demonstrated a mean total efficiency of
80.8 ])er cent.

The applications of compressed air in Paris are
verj' numerous and varied. It is used b\' manj’
workshops in old steam engines, the boilers serving

Compagnie Generale des Omnibus to construct three
lines in Paris, which will be opened for traffic dur-
ing the present j-ear. In the Conti sj'stem the air
is compressed at a relativelj^ high pressure at a cen-
tral station ; it is then admitted into the mains B
placed beneath the rails (see diagram, figs. 1 and 2).

Branches Clead the air nearlj' to the surface into
automatic devices bj^ which the car reservoirs can
be charged. Bj' this arrangement it is considered
that one central station will be sufficient whatever
the length of the line ma3" be ; and as the charging
devices can be introduced at short inter-
vals, the dead weight of reservoirs to
be carried is relative^' small. The dis-
tance between the charging stations
varies according to the circumstances,
but for convenieiice the3’ should be located
at the recognized stopping-places. Fig.
3 is a diagram that gives some idea of
the arrangement. An iron box is sunk
into the roadwa3' to inclose the mechanism;
the box is covered b3' a plate contaitiiug
two hinged flaps F placed immediately
over the air nozzle E. The nozzle is the
continuation of a plunger woiking in the
C3dinder E, /, which can be placed in
connection with the air main. As the
front truck of the car passes over die rails
it strikes the lever G, and, depressing it,
opens a valve that admits air beneath
the plunger E, raises it, and causes the
air nozzle to push open the flaps B and
rise above the level of the road. B3" the
time it has reached its full height the
nozzle engag-es in a connection, H, com-
municating with the reservoirs, which
are filled in a few seconds. Thevab'e is
then closed, and as the car proceeds the
lever G is released, the air beneath the
plungers in the C3'linder E escapes, and
the nozzle falls, the flaps E closing over
it and restoring the street surface. In
the event of tlie mechanism becoming
deranged, air standpipes are provided, so
that tlie reservoirs can be charged b3^
coupling- up. The results obtained will
be watclied with consider able interest.

For the information set forth above we
are indebted to Engineering-, of London.

The New 40=ton Electric Locomotive.

In the August number (1893) of The In-
ventive Agio was published a cut and
description of the 30-ton electric locomo-

THE USE AND DISTRIBUTION

gine ; on the first floor were the pressure regulators
and other controlling apparatus, and a master clock
which distributed pneumatic impulses at minute in-
tervals throughout the system of air pipes.

In a few 3’ears, however, applications to obtain
compressed air as a motive force became numerous
from small users of power, and the rapid increase in
demands rendered it necessary to increase the ver3'
modest installation in the Rue St. Anne. The first
extension was completed in 1880, when the Rue St.
Fargeau works were started on a sixt3" horse power
basis. Anticipating rapid extension, Mr. Popp had
secured a site of nearl3' eight acres in the Rue St.
Fargeau, and b3’ 1887 no less than 5,000 horse-power
were required to compress the air consumed. Fresh
extension followed, and large additional works were
completed in 1892 on the Ouai de la Gare.

The Quai de la Gare works were desig-ned for a
total capacit3’ of 24,000 horse-power, divided into
three groups. The fir.st section of 8,000 horse-power
is now at work. The air is compressed 1)3’ four
triple-expansion Corliss engines (2,000 horse-power)
and steam is supplied b3’ twenty Babcock & Wilcox
boilers, divided into batteries of five. The com-
pressors operate by stages, and have each two low-
pressure and one high-pressure C3'linder. Tlie air
is cooled during compression by spra3’ injectors.
The engines are vertical, and the compressors are
driven from an overhead shaft.

The boilers are registered for 170 pounds, and the
working pressure is about 140 pounds per square
inch.

The compressors are arranged to deliver into the
receivers at a pressure of 114 pounds per square inch.
The quantity of air actual^’ compressed b3’ the four
engines per hour to 114 pounds is equal to about

70.000 cubic meters, or 2,470,000 cubic feet at atmos-
pheric pressure. The air is compressed b3’ each
engine into two reservoirs having a capacity of

1.000 cubic feet, whence it flows into the principal
air main, which is 19.69 inches in diameter. The
sizes of the mains vary from this diameter to 11.8
inches ; the larger are made of wrought iron welded,
the smaller are of cast iron. The secondary mains
range from 7.87 inches in diameter to 1.58 inches ;

OE COMPRESSED AIR IN PARIS.

as reservoirs in which the air is heated before ad-
mission to the C3’linders. It is also used for venti-
lation. refrigerating, manufacture of ice, runningjof

elevators, pneumatic clocks, printing- presses and
all manner of industrial pursuits.

One of the most interesting applications of com-
pressed air will be that for the propulsion of tram
cars on the Conti s3’stem, a system alread3’ in ex-
perimental use in Vienna. Some preliminar3’ trials
have been made at Nantes and at Nogent, and the
results obtained sufticiently good to justify the

tive made bv the General Electric Com-
pan3' and exhibited at the World’s Fair.
The illustration presented herewith shows a 40-ton
locomotive recently turned out of the L3’nn shops b3'
the same compan3’, which, undoubtedU’, is the most

practical electric locomotive ever constructed. It is
desig-ned to perform the ordinar3’ work of a steam
locomotive of similar capacit3', where excessive
speeds are not considered requisites, up to about
thirty miles an hour. It is made up of two similar
but independent trucks, each having four wheels.
Each pair of wheels is driven b3’ its own speciall3’
desig'-ned motor of the siugle-reduction spur-gear

NEtV 40-TON ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE BUILT BY THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY.

THE

ri\^E ^OE.

213

t_vpe, mounted upon the axle, as in ordinary' street
car practice.

The truck frame is constructed of plate iron and
channels, designed to obtain at the same time both
streno'th and simplicity. The entire weig^ht of
frame including- the cab is carried on elliptical
springs resting on the top of the journal boxes.
This snspension secures easy riding and minimizes
the wear both of the locomotive and the truck. The
journal boxes are of cast iron, with phosphor bronze
bearings hydraulically pressed in. Lubrication is
provided for by means of a large well for oil and
waste. The box slides in jaws protected by adjus-
table shoes to take up the wear. The journal bear-
ings being outside, all parts are eaily accessible for
purposes of inspection and repair, and to insure
against an}' bending caused by hard usuage, the axle
and journals are made large.

The cab rests on the truck in a manner somewhat
similar to that in which the ordinary passenger car
is mounted, ample margin for wear and strength
being provided. The cab itself is constructed of
sheet iron, and the windows are so arranged as to
give an almost unobstructed view from one position
in all directions. The design of the cab is such as
to give plenty of available lloor space without
making the top of the cab long enough to obstruct
*he sight. The electrical equipment comprises,
besides tlie motors, a series parallel controllers, an
air ccmpresser, which provides air for the brakes
and whistle, and the automatic safety devices. In
addition there are bells, head lig-hts, and sand boxes.

Proposed Change in Patent Laws.

One of the demands persistently forced on the at-
tention of Congress is a radical change in the patent
laws in order that the people may have the benefit
of inventions free of cost. A literal compliance
with this demand is simplv impossible for, if no in-
ducements were offered to inventors, very few new
discoveries in applied science would be made : and,
if the policy of stimulating invetition, by offering
hope of revenue, is to be continued, it cannot be
without cost. It is understood that the patent com-
mittees of Congress are considering various proposi-
tions affecting the patent system, and that, at the
next session, one or more bills will be reported with
a view to meeting the wishes of those who object to
monopolns.

We dc not suppose there is any serious danger of a
reform that will take the shape of a destructive
agenc} . There are verv few Congressmen who do
not know that this country is more indebted for
growth and development to the patent system than
to any other product of legislation. Now and then
some freak of political lightning hurls into Congress
a man who knows nothing about this subject and
very little about anything else : but this sort of
statesmen are not sufficiently numerous to be feared.
Their cry of •• monopoly ” when raised against a
system demanded by e.xpediency, founded inequity,
and vindicated by more than a hundred 3'ears of
beneficent operations, can exert no great influence.
The}' are occasionally annoying, but they cannot
control national affairs.

If, in order to let the people have the benefit of
great inventions without paying for them in the
manner now in vogue, it should be proposed that the
government buy out the rights of inventors and give
those rights to the public, something could be said
in favor of the proposition. But it would be difficult
to frame a law for that purpose that would operate
fairly or satisfactorily. The difficulty in determin-
ing what to buy and what not to buy would be very
great and there would be wide differences of opinion
as to prices. Anything in the nature of confiscation
— like compelling a man to sell a patent at a nominal
price — would not only be tyrannical, but would
strongly tend to repress inventive ardor.

The impression that inventors have been gener-
ously treated by the government is erroneous. The
patent system, while confessedly the most useful of
all branches of the public service, is not only self-
supporting, but it has several millions of money in
the Treasury as a surplus. In other words, the in-
ventors of the Uiiited States, a majority of whom
are tnen of small means, and many of them very
poor, have paid all the cost of running the patent of-
fice and put millions into the available funds of the
government. And notwithstanding these facts, that
bureau is persistently and systematically pinched in
appropriations to such an extent as to seriously
hamper it in the performance of its work. It lacks
room and is deficient in clerical force. The g-reatest
factor in the nation's unparalleled growth is not
permitted to use its own earnings to facilitate the
objects of its creation and existence. "Whatever
may be undertaken in the way of changing the pat-
ent laws, it is hoped that the nation will not try to
kill and eat the goose that lays golden eg-gs. — IVash-
ington Post.

Paris municipal authorities otfer prizes ranging
from S400 to §2,000 for smoke suppressing devices.

A Remedial Invention After Centuries of Trouble.

The man who invented striking clocks seven hun-
dred years ago thought that he had done something-
for the benefit of mankind, and mankind thoug-ht so
too, at first — for by the new machine could they not
with their ears also learn the “time o'dav’’ that
before they could ascertain with tlieir eyes only?
But mankind soon found that hour striking was not
an unmixed blessing, for it was of constant occur-
rence that when the long-er hours were sounded some
listners would be quite uncertain whether they had
counted the strokes correctly and so ascertained the
true time ; and this doubt was always at least un-
pleasant, or it might lead to serious consequences —
perhaps cause the wrong man to be hung for mur-
der, or punished for some other crime, because
witness for the defence who had heard the public, or
the household, clock strike could not postively swear
to such time as might prove an alibi for the accused,
who had chanced to see “about the time the clock
struck ten or eleven, I aint sure which." Again,
mistaking the hour sounded would cause the failure
of an important appointment, the missing of a stage
coach or train, or fatal neglect in not g-iving essen-
tial physic to the sick baby — and an endless cata-
log-ue of troubles, great and small.

Thus men have been tormented wi'Lh striking-
clocks ever since the first one of record wjis unlucki-
ly devised in the twelfth century, though some cen-
turies later they soug-ht relief in clocks constructed
to repeat the hour strokes so as to give the listner a
double chance to count correctly, though if he did
not count the same number both times he would be
in helpless doubt as to which count was correct — an
aggravated victim, of the clock trouble still. As
elderly persons know, and as those in the clock trade
assert, clocks that strike are not now so generally
in use, and are manufactured in less proportion than
formerly, and much of this increasing disuse, or
disrepute, so to speak, is doubtless charg-eable to the
counting trouble.

But our own great century of prog-ress was not to
close without long suffering humanity being- pro-
vided with a means of relief from the striking clock
persecution, for one of its American victims con-
ceived a manner of so sounding- the hours that even
the careless listner may not be mistaken — and the
“Volley" stroke was recently patented by Jas. W.
Dorr of Florida, now resident at 220 First St., S. E.,
Washing-ton, D. C., throug-h the well known patent
firm of IMason, Fenwick & Lawrence of this city.

The happy listner to the volley clocks of the
future (and doubtless all clock striking will event-
ually be done that way) v 'll have the units of the
hours so addressed to his ears in groups of strokes,
separated by intervals of silence, that he will scarce-
ly have to count to certainly know the time. Four
volleys of three strokes each, or three volleys of four
strokes each, will tell the longest of the hours, and
counting will hardly be necessary, for the ear notes
sounds as readily as the eye notes objects, and there
is no mental process of counting when three similar
objects come simultaneously under view, for the eye
instantly takes in the number as though the group
was but a single object — and it is in fact but an
“object” made up of three parts. So, also, groups,
or “volleys," of sounds will not be “counted” in
their unit parts, their effect being that of an invol-
untary impression of their true number conveyed
direct from the ear to the brain. In illustration of
the greater facility with which clock strokes in vol-
leys can be counted, as compared with the old way
of continuous strokes, the reader may make twelve
equidistant dots of the pencil and see how much
more difficult it is to count them than if the twelve
dots were arranged in four groups of three dots each,
with a space between each g-roup equal in length to
the space occupied by one of the groups. He will
probably then be convinced that the volley method
of annoucing time will relieve mankind of the strik-
ing clock trouble that has outlived long centuries —
perchance to die with this, which has already seen
many other old poor ways and thing-s die to give
place to the better.

The riania for Inventing.

Some inventors are so exceeding-ly jealous of their
own powers that when they have invented and pat-
ented, say, a coal shovel and undertake its manu-
facture, they must not only make the shovels, but
make also the machines to make them. No ordi-
nary machine will answer for cutting out the blank.
It must be one of their own invention. Indeed, the
metal must be rolled on a set of rolls which they
have invented, different from anything that is made
in any part of the world, and, if they could have
their wav, they would have their own iron mine,
have a blast furnace of their own design, built from
their own specifications, would work the metal in
their own puddling furnaces — in fact, would not al-
low the ingenuity or inventiv'e powers of others to
diminish in any way the credit which would accrue

to them from the invention of their remarkable
shovel. This foolish idea, of not only inventing- the
tiling, but of inventing also the machine or machines
to make it, is one of the rocks on which not a few
companies have been wrecked. It is not necessary
for every man to invent every piece of machinery
that he puts into his factory, for the chances are
that other inventors and other men have built just
such machines as are wanted, and have made them a
g-reat deal better adapted to the work than would be
])ossible for what may be called an amateur. Capt.
Ericsson once said, in substance, that when other
men have devoted much time and labor to a prob-
lem, their solution is much better than can be ob-
tained by any single individual. Wisdom, then, dic-
tates the accepting- of the machines already per-
fected rather than, for the sake of originality, try-
ing- to find a substitute. — Gassier' s IMagazine.

New Trotting Sulky.

If the invention of Mr. Lawson W. Hampton, of
Elizabethton, Tenn., proves as practical as it is
novel, we may soon expect to see a revolution in the
style of racing sulkies. Mr. Hampton applies the
bicycle principle, ball bearings and pneumatic tire,
to the vehicle, and a means for connecting- the sin-
g-le wheel to the horse, whereby he is allowed greater
freedom of movement than is possible under present
conditions. The illustration presented herewith
gives a fair idea of the invention. Attached to the
axle of the wheel are six braces, three on each side.

spread out longitudinally from the axle and joined
to the rear end of the reach. The reach is formed
of T-iron, curves upwardly over the horse's back
and secured thereto by a circular rim, rigidly fastened
to the girth. The rim is formed with a flange, which
curves to conform to the shape of the horse's back.
Not only is the reach so adjusted that it will be free
to swing horizontally, so as to accommodate itself to
the movements of tlie vehicle, but the rim is so ar-
ranged as to swing on the reach to compensate for the
movements of the horse. It is designed to construct
the reach and attachments of aluminum, because
of its lightness and great strength. As a racing and
training vehicle this invention promises to be a suc-
cess. Mr. Hampton is a horseman himself, and has
used a working model for some time. He is confi-
dent the world’s trotting record will be lowered by
the use of this sulky.

To Divide an Angle Into Three Equal Angles,

ABC=^ Angle.

Measure from B any 2 equal distances.

BA' and BC'.

From A' draw line to C' . forming A'BC', an
isosceles triangle.

From A' draw — at any ang-le, acute is more con-
venient than obtuse, and any length — a line = A' I.

Measure on A' I, from A' any 3 equal distances =
A'd, de and ef.

Connect C'f \ then with triangle and straight edge
draw through d and e. to an intersection with A'C',
lines dg and I’/i, parallel to C'J.

Connect Bg and B/i forming- A' Bg, gBh and IiBC'
each = '/3 A'BC' .

Note:— A'/: A'C' A'd : Ag.

Quad crat dcinonstranduin.

Jesse Burgstek.

Jamestown, N. I)., Oct. 18, 1894.

By tests recently made at the laboratory of the
Underwriters’ Electrical Bureau, in Chicago, it has
been demonstrated that iron piping, through which
a current of electricity was conducted, was badly
pitted in the short space of 1,333 hours.

214

THE INVENTIVE AOE.

The Boynton Bicycle Railway.

The aim of the Boynton bicycle railwa)" system is
to simplify' construction and larg-ely reduce friction,
thereby increasing- safety and speed and correspond-
ingly minimizing -^vear and tear ot rolling stock
and track. The high speed and g-reat carr3’ing ca-
pacitj' of the bic3'cle is well known, and its principle

retails for $1. The Inventive Agf; for one 3"ear
and “Tips to Inventors” will be sent to an3' address
for fl.SO.

New Compressing Method.

A shipment of cotton has been made from Waco.
Texas, to Boston, Mass., compressed b3' a new
method, the Bessonnette compress. The car con-

Qreek Trade Mark Law.

The land of the Ephors and the Areopagites comes
to the front with a new law upon a matter that
neither Solon nor Lycurgus ever thought of ; nor, if
the3' had. would have deemed worthy their attention.
Even the brilliant achievements of the da3's of
Pericles in the arts and commerce did not awaken in

is embodied in the Bo3'nton railwa3' S3’stem. The
inventor applies it to railwa3' lines alreadv con-

tained 112 bales of cotton weighing S.S.OOO pounds.
The cotton is compressed in cw'lindrical-shaped bales

SIDE VIEW GE MOTOR CAR “ROCKET," ON TONG ISLAND BICYCLE RAILWAY.

structed, and has also devised a less expensive me-
thod of building roads where new lines are tube run.
On a standard guage railroad he runs two trains,
one in either direction, the rails being far enough
apart to accommodate the trains in passing
each other, while in the construction of new
roads for his svstem heusesbutone rail, unless
a double track is desired. The locomotive driv-
ing wheels have double llanges, and the fric-
tion being so greatlv reduced it is thought thev
can be driven at twice the speed no-\\ attained
bv the ordiu.arv method, or relativelv ninetv
miles ])er hour. The overhead guiding beam is
set inward on curves, thus tipihng the train to-
ward the center of the curve and b.'ilancing the
centrifug'al force U])on the one rail track, just
as the bicyclist does with his wheel in rounding
Corners. The cars are m.'ide light but strong,
of steel and veneer, four feet wide, and two
stories high where traffic is heav3'. In ordin.arv
railroad transportation about one ton of weight
is recpiired to conveva single passenger, and an
emptv freight train weighs about as much as
the paying freight it will carrv. In the Bovn-
ton svstem it is claimed that trains can be made
to carrv more than five times their weight with-
out corresponding loss of wasteful friction.

The cars in this SA'stem being long and narrow
the weight of load is placed near their center,
while the train, being guided in g rooves between
an upper support and lower rail, is verv much
less apt to derailment. With a train of this
character it is found that the greater the speed
the smoother the train will run, the motion of
both the cars and engine being- controlled b3'
the overhead structure.

A short line of this s3'stem of railwa3' propul-
sion has been in operation on Eong- Island for
sometime, and the S3'stem is intended for
the use of either steam or electricit3' as the mo-
tive power. It has been examined b3' eminent
mechanical eng-ineers and prominent men prac-
tical in railroading and received the endorse-
ment of man3' of them.

This svstem differs from the Brock s3'stem in
manv features as will be observed in an illustrated
article on the latter invention to appear in a subse
quent issue of the Inventive Age.

averaging- sixt3'-tive inches in length, twentv-four
inches in diameter and thirtv-one -[lounds to the
cubic foot in densitv. The method of compression
is described as follows : “As the cotton is ginned it

the Greek mind a sense of the need and value of trade
mark laws. In the simple commercial conditions of
that age it is likel3' the need did not exist.
And so it was reserved for the closing years
of the XIXth centur3' to 'show the ancient
peoples, like those of Eg-3'pt, Japan and Greece,
joining hands with the 3'oungest, like the
United States and the French Republic, in leg-
islation for the protection of industry and the
artisan.

These rellections natural^' arise from the
announcement that for more than a year past
the Kingdom of Greece has had a trade mark
law, as published in the Patent Office Official
Gazette of ( ictober 2d. Some of the features of
this law are interesting. The statute embodies
the sound common law principle that a trade
markbelong's to him who first adopts and uses
it. This is the more interesting, since in Great
Britain there is a manifest tendencv to recede
from this iinjireg'-nable jiosition. It is also note-
worth v that the law embodies the common law
doctrine that the title to .a trade mark cannot
])ass except with the business with which it is
associated. This has also been made statutor3'-
in other recent legislations.

The formalities for registration are simple,
and present no obstacle to foreigners who have
obtained registration at home, provided there
is a convention between the two countries for
the reciprocal iirotection of this kind of prop-
ertv. As there is no such convention between
tills country and Greece, citizens of the United
States cannot at iiresent enjo3’- the benefits
of the law.

The fees are moderate, as will be seen on re-
membering that the Greek darchnia is the exact
eciuivalent of the franc.

In prescribing the destruction of the goods
as a iienalty for infring-ement the law has
adopted wliat to the American mind appears
like a relic of orientalism or mediaevalisni,
and more worthy of reactionar3'- Sparta in
her palmiest da3's than of progressive Ath-
ens. There ina)' be conditions under which
the public safet3" justifies the destruction of
private propert3^ ; as when we blow up buildings to
arrest the prog'-ress of a conllag-ration. But nothing
seems more irrational than to destro3" a valuable

INTERIOR VIEW OF MOTOR CAR “ROCKET.’

“Tips to Inventors.”

This is one of the most instructive and useful
works for mechanics and inventors. Its author is
Robert Grimsliaw, M. E-, and the book, cloth bound,

is run out on a spindle and put up much after the
fashion of a spool of thread, except that it becomes
solid all through.” Bales of an3' size and of almost
an3' densit3' can, it is stated, be made, and the in-
ventors of the S3'stem claim man3' advantages in
cost and protection of the fibre.

The Inventive Age for one whole year, sent to
an3^ address for Si.

article of commerce because it bears an illicit trade
mark : Since it not only punishes the wrong-doer
but inflicts damage on the whole community.

On the whole the Hellenic Kingdom will find a
cordial welcome into the family of industry protect-
ing nations. X. A. SeELV.

U. S. Patent Office, Oct. 4, 1894.

Important features in next issue of Age.

THE

AQE.

2, \

The* New Heilmann Electric Locomotive.

The new Heilmann electric locomotive seems to
have passed the experimental stag'e as the company
on whose lines the first test was made in France
has ordered two more equipments, the eng-ines to be
of 1,500 h. p. each. Some improvements will be
made in these over the first one but they will re-
semble, substantiallj", the cut herewith presented.
The first practical test of the Heilmann electric lo-

comotive was made on the 9th of May last, sa3's a
writer in the Revue Illustree. on the Harve line. The
locomotive is slightlv over 13 feet in length and
weighs 100 tons. The general plant consists of
boiler, horizontal compound engine, developing
-from 600 to 1,000 h. p., and a six pole C. E. L.
Brown d^'namo of a normal capacit of 410 kilowatts.
The electric motors mounted on the axles are eight
in number and are 60 kilowatts capacity' each.

In the official test this locomotive, attached to eight
firstclass coaches, reached a speed of a little over 65
miles an hour.

United States Consul Henr^' P. du Bellet, thus
speaks of the Heilmann engine :

The Heilmann engine, to which the inventor has,
in honor to the memorj' of Stephenson, given the
glorious name of '■ Rocket," is positiveU' the first
electric locomotive that has run on anj' of the great
railwa3's of the world, pulling a train made up of
the usual number of cars. * * *= yxi-. Heilmann

had a novel idea. Instead of generating electricitj’
at a fixed point and sending it through a wire to the
train, whj' not generate it on the road on the loco-
motive itself, converted into a rolling jjower house ?
Instead of putting in motion through the usual at-
tachments the wheels of the locomotive, wh_v not
use the steam engine to operate a dynamo furnish-
ing as it is needed, directlj’ and on the spot, the
electric power necessarj' ?

No doubt, at first sight, this conception maj' ajj-
pear illogical, for the reason that it results in a trip-
licate and inverse transformation, to-wit, (1) heat
into mechanical operation, (2) mechanical oxieration
into electricity', (3) electricity into mechanical opera-
tion, whereas the steam locomotive merely trans-
mutes the heat of the boiler into work. But this ap-
parently' irrational and onerous complication is re-
deemed by' immense advantages.

In the steam locomotive the transmission of the
mechanical power is obtained only' through a com-
bination of special adjuncts, of piston rods, cranks,
and other stiff connections, which are, by' an inevi-
table fatality', only' put in motion with continuous
elastic reactions and terrible jerks. Hence those
serpentine torsions, those trepidations, all those dis-
turbing motions known in the slang of technical
men under the expressive names- of "lacet” (side-
rolling motion of cars) and of "galof)" (gallop)
which damage the strongest cars, hammer, pull
out of place, and disjoint the rails which are soon
clipped and twisted as common jjieces of brass.

In the electric locomotive, on the contrary', the
current moves the wheels through small dynamos
connected directly' with the axletrees, which, by'

reason of being all motors, create the maximum of
adherence. No more jerks, no more destructive
poundings, no more undulatory' vibrations : conse-
quently', the train runs smoothly' and steadily' and
the road itself will last twice as long.

Consider also that the electric current, instead of
being distributed through heavy', cumbersome, and
oscillatory' pieces of machinery, is conducted through
small wires liable to pass every'where, to be given
all the shapes, to be bent at will, and thus permits
us to decrease the diameter of the wheels (and, as a

matter of course, to lower the center of gravity' of
the system), to construct the locomotive as an ord-
nary common car, to develop indefinitely' the pro-
duction of the motiy'e poyver, to cony'ert all the axle-
trees into motors; finally', to increase in untold pro-
portions the stability', suppleness, and poyver of the
engine, yvithout endangering, but, on the contrary',
improy'ing, its manageableness.

Link or Lever Motion.

The accompany'ing illustration represents, yvhat
the iny'entor, Mr. J. A. Johnson, of Holmes City,
Minn., is pleased to called a Link or Lever Motion.

tVhile it may' not possess much practical merit it is,
ney'ertheless, a noy'el and interesting mechanical
contriy'ance.

It contains 11 links or ley'ers which are so arranged
that yvhen ley'er 1 is moy'ed from A to B and back
again once ley'er 11 moy'es at the same time from A
to B and back ag'ain eight times, lever 7 four times,
and lever 3 tyvo times forth and back.

This mechanism consists of eley'en links joined

together end to end as seen in the cut. Everv other
link is pivoted to a block, and ey'ery father of the.-.e
links are pivoted so as to make one end hmg and tlie
other sliort, while tlie others are pivoted midway be-
tween the two ends. The blocks I. H. HI. I\'. have
a certain relation one to the other. If a straight line
be drayvn lengthways tlirough block I and other
lines are drawn the same w:iy through blocks II' and
HI by' extending these lines so that the line through
block I will meet with and cr<j.ss the two lines drayvn
through blocks II and III. these two lines will be
perpendicular to the line through block I and will be
parallel. Lines drayvn through blocks I\' and V in
the same yvay' yvill be parallel and also parallel to
the line through block I. but perpendicular to the
lines of blocks H and HI. In tlie same yvav it yvill
keep on no matter hoyv many' lilocks are added.

Let us noyv notice hoyv the speed is multiplied
through the links yvhen set in motion. Bv moy'ing
ley'er 1 from A to X it yvill be in straight line yvith
connecting link 2 and their joint pin yvill have
reached point y' on line e f. Thereby' lever 3 has
changed position and is in line yvith C D : lever 5
has also moy'ed from F to (4. But yvhile lever 5 has
moved from F to G ley'er 7 is moy'ed from OH to N I
and back again to O H. because yvhen ley'er 5 yvas
half yvay' betyveen F and G it yvas also in straig-ht
line yvith connecting link 6 yvhich had then reached
the extreme outyvard limit of its moy'ement : yvhere-
fore yvhen ley'er 5 continues to move toyvard G ley'er

7 returns to its former position. This has caused
ley'er 9 to moy'e from J to K and back again to J, but
as ley'er 9 is one of the multiplying levers, as is also
ley'er 5, it has caused lever 11 to mo\'e from L A to
M C and back again tyvice. Thus yvhile ley'er 1 moy'es
from A to X lever 11 moves forth and back tyvice :
therefore yvhile ley'er 1 makes one half syveep lever
11 makes tyvo syveeps and back, and yvhile lever 1
makes its full syveep from A to B ley'er 11 makes four
syy'eeps forth and back and by' the time ley'er 1 gets
back to A ley'er 11 yvill have moy'ed forth and back
betyy'een L A and M C eight times. During the
same time ley'er 7 has moy'ed forth and back four
times, and ley'er 3 tyy'o times. Levers 1, 5 and 9 are
multiph'ing levers so that yvhen lever 1 moves forth
and back once ley'er 3 yvill moy'e forth and back tyvice,
causing ley'er 5 to moy'e forth and back tyvice also.
But by its moy'ing' tyvice ley'er 7 is caused to move
four times forth and back. Thus it is seen that every
multiph'ing ley'er transmits to the next lever ahead
double the speed it receives. It takes 4 links and
tyy'o blocks to form a diy'ision or section of this me-
chanism. By' adding such a diy'ision to the aboy'e
diy'ision it yvould double the speed of ley'er 11 so that
the last ley'er, yy'hich yvould then number 15. yvould
moy'e forth and back 16 times, yvhile ley'er 11 moy'es

8 times and lever 1 moy'es forth and back once. In
the same yvay' the speed is doubled for ey'ery' division
added. The links or ley'ers are of three different
kinds, y'iz : the connecting links 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10,
are all to be alike. The multiph'ing ley'ers are 1. 5
and 9. Ley'er 1 is also a multiply'ing ley'er, but as it
is the first one it is made long-er at one end. These
are also to be made the same length, as the long and
short end ley'ers, as 3, 7 and 11. It is also yvorth
noticing that the connecting links hay'e ey'en num-
bers as 2, 4, 6, and that other multiplying' ley'ers hay'e
every' other odd number beginning' yvith 1, as 1. 5. 9,
and the other ley'ers hay'e the other odd numbers as
3, 7, 11. By' connecting the last ley'er to the crank of
a yy'heel it yvill rey'oh'e and make one rey'olution for
each stroke forth and back of the lever. Mr. John-
son made this piece of mechanism about 14 y'ears
ago, and has since that time had a yy'orking model of
hard yy'ood.

Inventor’s Difficulties.

The Cycle Trade Journal y'ery' truly' say's ;

Many and varied are the difficulties which beset the path of
the ijresent day inventor. Only too often, at the very com-
mencement of his inventive career, he is unfortunate enoueh to
fall into the hands of a certain class of patent ag’ents, whose
object in life is to extract from the pockets of the oftimes excit-
able and pliable clients as many fees as the depth of their
pocket will allow.

It is with a view of warning* inventors of existing*
pitfalls that The Invextive Age has undertaking'
the exposition of "patent sharks” and irresponsible
"patent brokers.” And for this reason the Age
should hay'e the hearty' and substantial co-operation
of American iny’entors and manufacturers.

Maxy bicy'cle riders hay'e yy'ondered yvhy' hills are
much easier to ascend in the dark than in the day'-
light. The simple ex^jlauation of this curious fact,
as g'iy'en in the Bi-Neyy's, is that " yy'hat the ey'e does
not see the heart does not griey'e oy'er. The brain
yy'aste does not go on so rapidly' yvhen the eye sees
little or nothing to yvaste it by' yy'orry'ing about yy'hat
has to be done before the steep is conquered.” The
yvriter adds that if a rider yvill select a hill just be-
y'ond his poyy'ers and "hay'e a shot at it yvhen he can
see only' a y'ard or tyvo before him,” he yvill find that
he can surmount it yvith ease.

The Ixy'EXTivE Age has made arrangements yvith
Bubier's Popular Electrician, whereby it can fur-
nish both The Ixvextive Age and Electrician one
y'ear for Si. 50.

3i6

THK INVENXIVK AGE

PATENT DECISIONS.

BROWNING VS. COLORADO TELEPHONE CO.

This case was orig'inallj' a suit in the Circuit
Court of the United States for the district of Colorado,
by Frank T. Browning', administrator of the estate
of John Uynch, deceased, against the Colorado
Telephone Company, for infringement of a patent
granted to Lj'nch January 22, 1889, and numbered
396,407. The patent was g-ranted for an improve-
ment in conduits for electric wires, and consisted
essentially of a rectangular terracotta conduit-pipe
having partitions made in one integral piece b}' forc-
ing, while plastic through a die, and simultaneously
burning it. Several defenses were set up b_v the de-
fendents, but the bill was dismissed without consid-
ering but one. That was the question of patent-
abilitjc The court held that the patent was void
for want of patentable' novelty, and the bill was
therefore dismissed, with costs.

JOHNSON vs. OLSON.

This was a suit in equity by Jesse Johnson against
Olaf R. Olson, for infringement of patent No. 452,553,
granted to Johnson for improvements in excelsior
machines. After carefully considering the testi-
mony and facts in the case tlie court held the patent
to be void for want of patentable novelty and inven-
tion. Therefore, the bill was dismissed for want of
equitj’, and at the complainant’s cost. Tliis case
was also decided without the consideration of the
other grounds of defence set up by the defendants.

w.\LL ff al vs. LECK.

This was a suit at law by W. B. Wall and others
against Henrj- Leek, for the infringement of letters
patent No. 445,342, issued Januarj’ 27, 1891, to W. B.
Wall, M. S. Jones and A. D. Bishop, for a process of
fumigating trees and plants. The defendants de-
murred to the bill, declaring that the patent was
void for want of novelty. This the court sustained
and held that the suit should be dismissed without
further proceedings, since the fact of the invalidity
of the patent was so flagrant that evidence could not
help it. The case was therefore dismissed.

KRICK vs. JANSEN.

The bill of William C. Krick, against Edward
Jansen for the infringement of patent No. 408,416,
was dismissed by the U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals,
Second District, on the ground that the invention of
the patent was not possessed of patentable novelty.
The patent was for improvements in floral letters or
designs ; and the bill was originallj' filed in the Cir-
cuit Court of the United States for the Southern Dis-
trict of New York and appealed to the Court of Ap-
peals. The court below declared the patent valid
and adjudged that the defendant had infringed. As
stated above, however, this was not accejited by the
court of appelate jurisdiction and the bill was finally
dismissed with costs to the complainant.

MILEKR vs. MURR.VY, MILLER VS. DONOVAN £"/ <?/.

These are applications at final hearing upon plead-
ings and proof for the usual decree of injunction and
accounting inthe suits in equitj', brought for alleged
infringement of letters patent No. 371,090, dated Oc-
tober 4, 1887 and No. 459,098, dated September 8, 1891
both issued to Henry J. Miller, the complainant, for
improvements in road carts. The case came before
the U. S. Circuit Court, Southern District of New
York ; and that tribunal declared that the former
patent was valid, with certain restrictions. But since
these were not embodied in the device used by the
defendants, the bill as to this patent was dismissed.
As to the remaining patent No. 459,098, the court de-
clared that claims 1 and 2 were valid if restricted to
certain precise combinations, and that claims 7, 8, 9
and 10 were invalid for want of patentable novelty.
This being the decision, the facts of the case were
such that the bill as to this patent could not be sus-
tained, so it was dismissed, at the complainant’s
cost as to both patents.

NEW YORK filter CO., VS. O. H. JEWELL FILTER CO.,

e/ al.

This was a suit by the New York Filter Co.,
against the O. H. Jewell Filter Co., and others for
infringement of a patent granted to J. S. Hyatt for
improvements in purifying water, and numbered
293,740. The case came before the U. S. Circuit
Court, Southern District of New York, and that
court declared that the patent was for the method
described therein, of introducing a substance to
coagulate or separate impurities sufficently to facili-
tate their removal by the filter-bed. A disclaimer
was previously entered in the case and it became a
question as to whether this disclaimer did not so
limit the patent as to save the defendants from in-
fringement. The court held, however, that the pat-

ent was not so limited and the bill was sustained.
Accordingly a decree for an injunction and an ac-
counting was ordered.

ST.VHL vs. ERTEL. et al.

Tins was a suit begun in the U. S. Circuit Court,
Southern District of Illinois, for the infringement of
letters patent No. 267,422, issued to A. M. Halstead,
November 14, 1882 : of letters patent No. 258,295,
issued May 23, 1882, to A. M Halstead, and of letters
patent No. 368,249, issued to complainant. G. H.
Stahl, August 16, 1887. Other patents were declared
on. but in the hearing were withdrawn. The court
held tliat claims 6, 7 and 8 of letters ])atent No. 258,-
295 and claim 3, of letters patent No. 267.422, both
granted to Halstead were valid and infringed. They
also held that the patent to Stahl, No. 368.249, was
valid and infringed and in accordance with these
findings they issued an injunction restraining each
of the defendants from using-, manufacturing and
selling the invention, making the subject of the sev-
eral patents, and imposed upon the defendants the
usual costs.

FENTON metallic MANUFACTURING CO., VS. OFFICE
.specialty CO.

This was a suit by the complainants against the
Office Manufacturing Co.; and the Su])reme Court of
the District of Columbia rendered a decree in
favor of the complainant, upholding their patent.
No. 450,124, and referring the case to an auditor, to
ascertain the damages to which the complainants are
entitled. At this stage of the case the defendants
applied for leave to file a supplemental bill in order
to introduce newl)' discovered evidence on the merits
of the case. The court held, however, that nothing-
short of a decision so plainly disposing of the merit
in the present case as to make all -further proceedings
useless, would justify it in reopening the case at its
present stage. Therefore, the application was re-
fused.

GAMEWELL fire-alarm TELEGRAPH CO., ct al VS.
municipal SIGN.VL CO.

This case came to the U. S. Circuit Court of Ap-
peals, First Circuit, on appeal from the Circuit Court
of the United States, for the District of Massachu-
setts ; and was a suit brought upon letters patent
Nos. 359,687 and 359,688, both dated March 22, 1887,
granted to B. J. Noyes, as assignor to the plaintiffs.
The court below rendered a decree for the conqilain-
ant, and the Court of Appeals affirmed this decision,
holding- the patent to be valid and infringed. In
this o])inion Judge Putman <jf the court, dissented,
as to ])atent No. 359,688, on the g'-round that the pat-
ent was void for lack of novelty in view of the inven-
tion covered by patent No. 359,687.

H. TIBBE & SON MANUF.VCTURING CO., VS. MISSOURI
COB PIPE CO., cl al.

This case was a suit on letters patent No. 208,816,
granted July 9, 1878, to Henry Tibbe, and was enter-
tained by the U. S. Circuit Court, Eastern District
of Missouri, Eastern Division. The invention was
a corncob pipe having its interior interstices filled
with a plastic self-hardening'- mass which rendered
the pipe durable and efficient : and the court held
the patent was valid and infringed bytlie defendant’s
device, which consisted of a mixture of corn meal
and shellac for filling the interstices of the corncob.
Accordingly a decree was rendered in favor of the
conqilainant.

LEVY cf al vs. waitt ct al.

This case came before the U. S. Circuit Court of
Appeals, First Circuit, on appeal from the Circuit
Court of the U. S., for District of Massachusetts,
and was a suit bj’ Amand Levy and others, consti-
tuting the firm of Levy Brothers, ag-ainst Henry
Waitt and others, constituting the firm of Waitt &
Bond, to restrain the alleged infringement of the
trademark ’• Blackstone,” as applied to cigars. The
bill was dismissed by the court below, and the Court
of Appeals affirmed the decision, the grounds for
the same being- that the action of the plaintiffs was
not such as would establish the right to exclusive
ownership, in the presence of the adverse rig-hts of
the defendants. Accordingly the case was dismissed
at the cost of the complainants.

shoemaker et al vs. merrow.

This was a suit by Joseph Merrow, against John
Shoemaker and others, for the infringement of let-
ters patent No. 428,508, issued to complainant May 20,
1890, for a “crocheting or overseaming machine.’’
The case came before the U. S. Circuit Court of Ap-
peals, Third District, on appeal from the Circuit
Court of the United States, for the Eastern District
of Pennsylvania ; and that court rendered a decree
dismissing some of the defendants, but in favor of
the complainant as to others. The Court of Appeals,

however, held that the patent was not infringed by
a machine which dispenses with the part known as
a “ finger,” and this being the case the decree of the
court below was disaffirmed and the bill dismissed
with costs. The “finger” is a device for guiding
the cord or thread over the needles, so that it may
be intertwined to compose the fabric ; and since it
was made an essential element of the claim it should
be present in the supposed infringing device. On
the other hand, the “finger” was absent from the
references. Therefore, the above noted decision.
BROWN MEG. CO., VS. DEERE Ct al.. BROWN MFG. CO.,
vs. DAVID BRADLEY MFG. CO.

These cases were two suits brought by the Brown
Company-;-one against Deere, and the other against
the David Bradley Campany, for the infringement
of letters patent No. 190,816, dated Maj- 15, 1877, and
granted to W. P. Brown, for an improved cultivator
coupling'-. The cases were finally adjudicated by the
U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals, Seventh District, to
whom they came on appeal from the Circuit Court of
the United States, for the District of Illinois. The
Circuit Court decided in favor of the complainant,
but upon a rehearing on its own motion rendered
decrees, in both cases, for the defendants. The
comiilainant then appealed. The Court of Appeals
held that if the device of the patent could be regarded
as containing any invention at all it must be con-
strued to be limited to the particular form of pipe
box described in the patent. Since this was not em-
bodied in the defendants’ device, they were declared
not to infringe and the decree below, in each case,
was affirmed.

THE NEWARK WATCH CASE MATERI.AL COMP.ANY VS.

THE WILMOT & HOBBS M ANUF.ACTURING COMPANY.

This is a bill in equity for infringement of letters
patent No. 413,644, granted October 29, 1889, to T.
Benfield, S. Aufhouser and A. Milne, for a watch
protector. The suit was originally entertained by
the U. S. Circuit Court, District of Connecticut, and
that court declared the patent to be void for want of
invention and accordingly entered a decree dismiss-
ing the bill. Whether an appeal will be taken, can-
not be now determined, but since the case is one of
considerable importance the probabilities are that no
pains will be spared in having the decision reversed.

WELLS ct at VS. rfiynolds ct al.

Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia ; de-
cision dated September 20 ; appeal from ruling of
Commissioner of Patents, in an interference pro-
ceeding, the question being as to prioritj'. Syllabus
as follows :

Where the invention has been reduced to practice
in a positive form under the patent and the appli-
cant has simply filed his application, without doing
anything to adapt and render the invention practi-
cal, and where he knew of the issue of the patent
within a few days after its issue, and made no sug-
g'-estion that the invention was his, but recommended
it to purchases, both orally and in writing, as the
invention of the patentee, and where he did not
assert any title to it until six months after the issue
of the jiatent and after he had left the employ of the
company who owned the patent to do service for a
rival company. Held that priority must be awarded
to the patentee.

PACIFIC cable RV. CO. vs. CONSOLID.VTED PIEDMONT
cable CO.

U. S. Circuit Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit ;
decision dated May 28 ; appeal taken from the final
decree of the circuit court dismissing the bill in a
suit brought by the appellant as complainant, alleg-
ing infringement by the defendant of Reissue Let-
ters Patent No. 10,681, of date February 2, 1886,
granted to Andrew S. Hallidie, for “tramway for
curves and cable-grips.” Syllabus :

Reissue Patent No. 10,681, dated February 2, 1886,
to Andrew S. Hallidie, for tramway for curves and
cable-grips, examined and Held to be limited in
view of the art, to the combination of a separate
guide-rail, slot, and cable-carrying sheaves, and not
infringed bj’ a g'-uide-rail formed of the lower flange
of the slot-iron.

GOLDSTEIN vs. WHEL-^N et al.

U. S. Circuit Court, Northern District of New
York; decision dated June 20; action brought to
restrain the defendants from infringing the com-
plainant’s registered trade mark, “Napolean.” Syl-
labus :

Where affidavits are filed which are not entitled in
the cause, they cannot properly be considered by the
court. (Buerk v. Imhauser, 10 O. G., 907 ; see also
Hawley v. Donnelly, 8 Paige, 415.)

COLBY vs. C.ARD.

U. S. Circuit Court, Northern District of Illinois ;
decision dated April 30 ; infringment on patent No.
373,223, issued November IS, 1887, to E. J. Colby, for

THE INVENTIVE ^GE

31?

an alleged iiiiprovenient in toj’ locomotives. Found
for the complainant.

kkemEntz vs. the s. CATTEE CO.

Supreme Court of the United States; appeal from
the Circuit Court, Southern District of New York;
dismissing a bill filed to restrain the infringement
of patent No. 298,303, granted Ma^' 4, 1884, to George
Krementz, for new collar button ; decision filed
April 10. Syllabus ;

Patent No. 298,303, issued May 6, 1884, to George
Krementz, for a collar button, examined and Held
to cover a patentable invention.

In a suit on a patent, when the other facts leave
the question of invention in doubt, the fact that the
device has generally displaced other devices of its
kind on its merits Held to be sufficient to turn the
scale in favor of invention.

JOHNSON CO. vs. PENNSYEVANIA STEEE CO.

U. S. Circuit Court, Eastern District of Pennsj’l-
vania ; suit in equity for infringement. Second
claim only pressed and decision made thereon. Syl-
labus ;

Claim 2 of Letters Patent No. 367,746, dated Au-
gust 2, 1887, granted to E. B. Entwistle, for grider-
slot rail crossing, examined and Held to be void for
lack of invention.

EASTMAN CO. vs. BEAIR CAMF;r.\ CO.

U. S. Circuit Court, District of Massachusetts ;
suit for infringement ; decision dated June 1. Syl-
labus ;

Patent No. 248.179, issued October 11, 1881, to
David H. Houston, for improvements in photo-
grahic apparatus consisting in adding a pointer to
the projecting end of the reel on which the film of
sensitized paper is wound to indicate the position of
film, and also fixing a pin in the same reel to per-
forate the edge of the film. Held to be for a patent-
able invention and not anticipated bj' a cloth meas-
uring machine, and the first and second claims
infringed b}' a device embodying- its essential fea-
tures.

Patent No. 317,049, issued Ma\' 5, 1885, to Walker
and Eastman, for an improvement in roll-holders
for photographic films, the imi)rovement consisting-
in inserting a spring in the reel on which the film of
sensitized paper is wound, in order to preserve the
film under tension, examined and Held to cover a
patentable improvement and not anticipated by a
map-rack, and its third, twenty-si.x, twentv-ninth,
thirtieth, thirty-first and thirty-second claims in-
fringed by a device substantialh' like it, though
modified in some particulars.

EDISON electric LIGHT CO. ct al. VS. BOSTON INCAN'
DESCENT L-AMP CO. el III.

U. S. Circuit Court, District of Massachusetts ;
preliminary injuction asked ; decision dated June
11. Syllabus;

Claim 2 of Patent No. 223.898, issued January 27,
1880, to Edison, for an electric lamp, is for '‘the
combination of carbon filaments with a receiver
made entirely of glass and conductors passing
through the glass, and from which receiver the air
is exhausted, for the purpose set forth.; ” and plati-
num wire is described in the specification as the
conductor passing through the g-lass, and is used in
the Edison lamp of commerce. Held, however, that
as his invention resides in the carban filament, the
other elements being- old and subordinate and rep-
resenting, so to speak, only the environment of the
filament, the plain meaning- of the lang-uag-e of
the claim should not be restricted, but construed
to cov'er all material for this purpose capable of con-
ductin.g the electric current. Held, further, that
the patent is for a pioneer invention and entitled to
a broad construction, and, therefore, that the claim
is infringed by a lamp using a conductor of powered
silver, althoug'-h powdered silver was not known a
the date of the patent as a conductor in the narrower
art of electric lighting-, though it was known as a
conductor in the broader art of electricity.

Important Events of the Month.

October 2. — The Russian ironclad Rousolka, lost last year in
the Baltic Sea with 12 officers and 16()nien,was found off the
coast of Finland.

Oct. 3.— a tornado at Little Rock, Ark., destroyed ?1. 000, 000

worth of property and killed several persons Prof. David

Swintf, of Chica'^o, died.

Oct. 4. — Flvin^ Jib, with rnnnin<^ mate, at Chillicothe, Ohio,
paced the fastest mile ever made in harness, l.SSK*

Oct. 7. — The death of Oliver ‘Wendell Holmes, a^ed 85. at his

home in Boston, was announced Andrew O. Curtin, war

g’overnor of Pennsylvania, died, ag’ed 77.

Oct. 8.— The South Carolina State Liquor Dispensary law
was atrain declared constitutional by the state supreme court.
The condition of the Czar is reported as critical.

Oct. 10. — A northeastly storm along* the upper Atlantic coast
damaged much property and nian^* were shipwrecked.

Oct. 11. — The federal grand jury at Milwaukee returned in-
dictments against President Debs and 24other railroad men

An explosion of a bunch of 27 boilers occured at Shawakiii. Pa.,

killing five men The papers in a match between Corbett

and Fitzsimmons for a purse of $41,000 and a side bet of $10.0(M}
were signed— the fight to occur at Jacksonville, Fla., after July

1. 1895 The Japanese score another victory in the capture

of Wi-Ju.

Oct. 12. — Two employees of the Bureau of Kngraving and
Printing were arrested charged with the theft of over 50.(M)o pos-
tage stamps Train robbers held up a train on tlie Rich-

mond, Fredericksburg and Potomac railroad and secured a
large sum from the express company.

Oct. 16. — Houston, Texas, has a half million dollar fire

Five thousand tons of tin plate was shipped from Swansea to
America.

Oct. 18. — President Haveme.ver and Secretary Searles, of the
Sugar Trust, were held in $5.0<.)0 bonds, when arraigned in the
District Supreme Court al Washi ngton, on indictments charg-
ing them with refusing to answer certain (questions before the

Senate investigating committee Tlie Pullman company

declared a dividend of $2 a share.

Oct. 19. — A man named Searcey and another named Mont-
gom(‘r3’, charged with complicit \- in the Quantico train robber^-,
were arrested.

Oct. 20. — The Panama Canal Com]>an.y was reorganized at
Paris Janies Anthoiyy Froude, the historian, died in Lon-

don, aged 76,

Oct. 22 — Train robber Searce.y makes a confession

Bandits held up the entire town of Talala, 1. T.

Oct. 25. — New York Democrats express their disgust at Pres-
ident Cleveland's inactivits’ and failure to sa3' a word for Hill
for governor The Chinese are again defeated in an engage-

ment at Sukochin.

Oct. 26. — Chancellor von Caprivi resigned, creating great ex-
citement in Germanov Prairie fires are raging in parts of

Nebraska, doing much damage The condition of the Czar

is worse The Ja])S liavi* transported a large army over the

Yalu river Dr. Henry T. Helmbold, the well known patent

medicine man. died in the insane asylum at Trenton, N, J.

Oct. 27. — In a hotel fire at Seattle sixteen persons perished.

Oct. 29. — The case of the Czar is pronounced hopeless and his
death onl3' a question of hours.

The Lybe Automatic Car Coupler.

The acconipaiiyiiig’ illustration of the Ivvbe Auto-
matic Car Coupler shows a very simple and practi-
cal appliance for releasing- the coupling'-pin and
adjustings the link without endang-ering- the lives of
trainmen or other operatives. The coupler is niceh'
provided with means for cotitrolling* the horizontal
position of the free end of the link to enable it to
enter opposite drawheads of dift'erent altitudes, yet
the effective operation of the link lifter, and its
marked economy in construction and attachment
are the paramount features of tlie invention. This
coupler received the approval of the Master Car
Builders' and Master Mechanics' Association at its
meeting- at Saratog-a last June, and has attracted
the attention of practical railroad men from all
parts of the country. It consists of a casing-, which
is attached to the drawhead, the chamber of which
has a vertical slot in its rear to permit the trans-
verse arms -of a reciprocating- trip lever to control

push bars. The free ends of these bars eng-ag-e the
projecting ends of a transverse bar which moves in
inclined slots in a plate attached to the under side
of the lid of the casing-. The bar naturally g^ravi-
tates toward the lower ends of the slot, but yields
readily to the push bar and permits the tapering-
body of the coupling--pin to move upward until the
shoulder of the pin passes. Thus the released bar
rolls back under the shoulder and holds the pin out
of the drawhead. The trippings lever is held back by a
spring-. When the link enters the drawhead and
strikes this lever the push bar releases the trans-
verse bar from its engagement with the coupling-
pin and the latter drops into the link, while an open
link or hook rides over and drops in the rear of the
then drawn-forward lever and secureA' locks it. A
shaft, journaled on the end of the car, and provided
on its outer end with two chains — the short one at-
tached to the link and the long one to the top of the
coupling-pin— is used for uncoupling, the shaft be-
ing supplied with a crank handle. A second lever
attached to this shaft can be controlled from the top
of the car. The invention is the property of Daniel
I. Dybe, of Sidney, Iowa, who is desirous of either
disposing of the right for the United States and
Canada or organizing a company for its manufacture
and introduction.

A GREAT STRUCTURE.

{Contnued from ist page^.

jjarty assembled to return to the city. Congressman
Grow remarked that Gen. Meig.-^ iiad jilaced tlie
name of Jefferson Davis on one of the inscription
tablets, and it is said that Secretary Smith an-
nounced that he would order the name immediately
removed. This was not done, however, for >ome
time. Later on Mr. I>^obert McIntyre, who had a
contract for com])leting the structure, called upon
the secretary f(jr instructions in regard to the ^>ame,
and was told that the first thing- to be done wa.-^ to
remove tlie name of Jefferson Davis, and the wishes
of the secretary were immediately carried out. and
thus the tablet stands today.

Books and Magazines.

The second number of The New Science Reyiew, a qiiarieryy
publication conducted b3' J. M. Stoddart. for maM3' s ear'* editor
of Lijipi ncott's Majrazine, more than ju<;iiries the expi-etaiion s
of the most confident friends of the editor. The scoin* of The
New Science Reyiew is best defined b3- the publisher'" note
wherein it is stated that ‘•articles taking either side of a <iues-
tion which the higher intelligence and the higher moralt3- of
today looks upon as a mooted one. are not only admitted, tliey
are eagerlA" sought." An unsigned article. “What Electricity
Is,“ in the last number^ wherein the author adyances the llieor3'
that it is simply a form that energ3- a^'Sunies while undergoing
transformation from the mechanica). or the chemical, form tf)
the heat form, or the reyerse, is calculated to excite a good deal
of discussion among electricians and scientists. The New
Science Reyiew is published quarterly at 147 North Tenth street,
Philadelphia, the subscription price being ?2 per annum.

The Libert3- Machine Works, of New A'ork. well known man-
ufacturers of ])rinting presses and printers* sujiplies. haye had
interpreted and published in El Amigo del Tipografo. a Spani>h
magazine, the illustrated article from the April Inventive
Age on “Modern Tt'pe Composition.”

* lii Hi

The field of trade journalism has been invaded again, this
time b3' the Spatula, published at Boston, it is needless to add,
ill the interest of druggists.

* I}: *

Although two 3’ears behind in publication, the annual report
of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution is none
the less interesting. Some of the papers describing and illus-
trating collections in the U. S. National Museum are intenslv
interesting and instructive. “Scientific Taxidermy for Mu-
seums," based on a stud3’ of the United States goyernnient col-
lections, by R. W. Shufeldt, 2>I. D., is a particularly valuable
contribution. The paper is embellished b3- a hundred or more
plates illustrating the piogress that has been made in the art of
taxiderm3’.

After five 3’’ears of labor, with the help of 247 editors, and the
enormous expenditure of nearly one million dollars, the Funk
A Wagnalls Company announce that the last page of the sec-
ond. the concluding, volume of the new Standard Dictionar3'. is
now in t3'pe. This volume will be readt' for deliyer3- in Novem-
ber. The advance orders for this work are said to be phenominal,
surpassing the most extravagant expectation of the publi'*.hers.
The New York office of the compan3- is at 30 Lafa3 ette Place.

We are in receipt of the Catalogue of the Exhibit of the Penn-
stTvania Railway- Company at the World*'< Columbian Expo-
sition. with the compliiiients of Mr. Theo. N. EI3-, chief of motive
power, under whose direction the great exhibit was made. Vis-
itors at the World's Fair who were attracted to this interesting
collection of railroad appliances and data, illustrating the
growth and development of railroading in general, and this
great railwa3' S3’stem in particular, will be pleased to learn that
the exhibit is to be left intact. It was sent to the Field-Colum-
bian Museum, of Chicago, by the Penns3 lyania Railroad Com-
pany, immediately after the close of the World's Columbian
Exposition in 1893. and is now installed in halls 41 and 57 in the
east pavilion of the Museum building at Jackson Park. Chicago.

The Street Railwa3' Journal made the occasion of the con-
vention at Atlanta last month the excuse for issuing a souvenir
number that reflected great credit upon the publishers and that
gaveto those attending that convention a great deal of valuable
information. This issue also marked the tenth anniyersar3' of
the Journal's publication. It contained a 16-page article on
Atlanta, a 10-page article on the Association, a 36-page article
on the street railwa3- S3-sienis of the southern cities, and a 20-
page article on the hisU)r3' of the street railway industrs-. All
of these were handsoniel3' illu'^trated — containing over 400 illus-
trations, among which were more than 125 portraits of street
railroad men. The Journal is alwa3-s liand'^onie. alwav'^ inter-
esting and alwas's prosperous, but this issue was especially at-
tractive. The e.xcellence of its reading matter and illustrations
was equalled only b3* the artisticdispla3*of its advertising pages
and its general t3'pographical appearance, which is sa3 ing much.

The publishers of Engineering Magazine, determined to main-
tain that magazine as the peer of all others in its line of trade
journals, has inaugurated a “Review of the Indu^-trial Press"
department, which is calculated to add to the well deserved p('p-
ularit3' of that publication and especiall3' commend it to other
trade journaK. The publishers have in mind to do for indus-
trial literature all that Review of Reviews does for the political
and Uterar3’ field.

From the ITiiiversity Press, Cambridge, b3' John Wilson A
vSoii, we have a unique little volume of poems entitled “Songs
from Vagabondia." written b3' Messrs. Bliss Carman and Rich-
ard Hoye3*. The publishers in this countr3* are iNIessrs. Cope-
land and Da3’ of Boston. The score or more of songs, as might
be anticipated from the title page, portra3' in a light but exceed-
ingly liapp3' vein the careless life of the vagabond or lover, and
involuntary “Roger and 1" is recalled as one reads. Other of
the songs bear the warmth of some of Swinburne's earlier
efforts, and now and them a picturesque glimpse of nature
would suggest Longfellow or Wordsworth. The varied versifi-
cation renders all of the songs attractive, and withal the little
book is pleasing in fanc3' and felicitous in expression. Its
binding and t3'pograph3’ are antique, and the price is $1.

The oldest piece of wroug'lit iron in existence is
believed to be a sickle found near Thebes. It is
about 3,000 years ag-o.

2i8

THE IKVENTIVE AQE

SCIENCE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.

Conducted E. P. Lewis.

According’ to the electromagnetic theory of light,
which was advanced by the late Clerk Max-well,
light is due to electric vibrations in the ether, the
invisible, intangible fluid that we suppose to fill all
space. A few years ago Heinrich Hertz, a young
German phj’sicist who recently died, proved that
electric vibrations obej' exactly the same laws as
those of light, so that we need no longer doubt that
Maxwell’s views are correct. When an electric
spark passes between the electrodes of a Leyden
jar or of an induction coil, there is such a sudden
rush of current that a recoil follows — in other words,
there is an oscillatory discharge, the electricity re-
bounding backward and forward many thousands
of times in a second. Each oscillation sends out a
wave of electricity into the surrounding space,
which travels with the same velocity as light — 186,-
000 miles a second. When these waves fall on other
conductors they set up currents of electricity in
them. This is the way in which electricity is gener-
ated bj' induction. The conductors on which the
electric waves fall may be so arranged that their
existence may be shown by the production of sparks.
In this wa3’ Hertz showed that the electric waves
could be reflected from metalic mirrors ; that thej'
could be refracted, or bent out of a straight line, by
prisms of pitch or sulphur, just as light is refracted
1)3' glass prisms, and that the3' could be brought to
a focus by suitable concave mirrors or lenses.

What, then, is the difference between what we call
electricitv and what we call light? There is realU'
none, except in the effects produced on our sensa-
tions. The etherial waves, which produce the sen-
sation of lig-ht when the3' fall on our eyes, are of
such a size, or frequemw- of vibration, that our
nerves readilv respond to them, while we have no
sense organ which enables us to detect the slower
impulses of the electrical waves. The wave leng-th
of the latter — that is, the distance from crest to crest
of the electrical disturbance, is at least several
inches when produced bv the smallest Leyden jar,
while the light waves are onH’ about one-fift3'
thousands of an inch long. The waves of what we
usualh’ call radiant heat are of the same nature, l)ut
somewhat long-er than those of light, while between
these and the shortest electric waves that we can
produce, there is an immense gap. If there are
waves of an intermediate length — and without doubt
there are — we have now no means of detecting their
existence.

^ *

An alternating- current dynamo sends out waves
of electricit3', and it is eas3’ to calculate how long-
thev are. Suppose we consider a simple two-pole
machine, and, for the sake of simplicitv, imag-ine
that there is onlv one turn of wire in the armature.
Suppose the looj) starts to turn from the position
shown in the diagram. A current will be induced

in the wire as it moves through the mag-netic field,
and this current will at first increase and then
diminish to nothing- when the first half turn is com-
pleted. Then it is set up in the opposite direction,
and finallv again diesawav as the coil returns to its
first position. We have here what corresponds to a
crest and a hollow in a water wave. In a certain
position the armature sends out the crest of a wave,
or the maximum current, throug-h the external cir-
cuit, and on returning to that position it sends out a
second crest. Now, what is the length of these
waves ? It is the distance that the electric disturb-
ance can travel in the time taken b3' one revolution
of the circuit— that is, the distance from crest to
crest. If the armature turns once ever3' second, the
wave must be 186,000 miles long, for that is the dis-
tance the disturbance can pass over in one second.
If the waves are a thousand miles long-, the coil
must turn 186 times a second. Of course the exter-
nal conductor is never so long as this, so the waves
simpU’ run round and round the circuit, adding- their
effects to succeeding- waves, but rapidh' d3'ing out on
account of the resistance of the circuit.

When electric waves pass throug-h the carbon fila-
ment of an incandescent lamp, the3' meet with far
greater resistance to their motion than the3' do in
the copper wire which conve3’s them there. In some-
what the same wa3' that friction produces heat, the
resistance offered to the current causes it to heat the
filament. As it becomes warm, its vibrating mole-
cules send out waves such as those radiated b3'

stoves — waves which will warm but not illuminate.
As the vibrations become quicker, shorter waves are
sent out, until the3’ are of such length that the3' pro-
duce the sensation of light. Finalhq at a white
heat, the filament sends out waves of all lengths,
the majorit3' of which are useless as far as lig-ht is
concerned. In fact, less than one per cent of the
energ3' of the current is utilized for illumination.
The rest is wasted in the “dark” ra3's. You can see,
then, what an important problem it is to reduce this
waste, and what a fortune awaits the one who suc-
ceeds in doing it. Among others, Nikola Tesla is
working on -the subject. His aim is to find some
method b3' which he can produce electric (or, what is
the same things, lig-ht), waves of such a length that
all of them will have illuminating effect. The dark
waves must be entireH' gotten rid of. The lire-tH'
has succeeded ver3' nearU' in doing this, for its
light has ver3' little heating effect, but the fire-lH'
has not yet told his secret to man.

^ *

Cla3', which exists in large quantities ever3'where)
is a cliemical compound containing a large propor.
tion of the metal aluminum; and vet the latter is
still a costL' substance in spite of its abundance.
The reason is that all the methods of separating
the metal from the cla3' are expensive. Electro-
L'sis, or separating bv -the electric current, is the
method usuallv adopted. When electricit3' can be
])roduced more cheaph', aluminum will also become
cheaper.

Patent Commissioner Joseph Holt.

The death, recenth', of Hon. Joseph Holt brought
to m3' recollection his brilliant and highh- creditable
administration of the Patent Office, ])rior to his be-
coming one of President Buchanan's cabinet--Post-
niaster-General — and to his appointment to the post
of Judge Advocate General of the armv.

While Mr. Holt was Commissioner of Patents he
made many useful reforms in respect to the question
of decision upon invention and jDatents ; and, being
a hiW3'er of the highest t3'pe, he grasped the patent
s3'stem to its fullest range. He regarded the inventor
as a person to be cherished, honored and rewarded.
Mr. Holt, though a man of large legal and classical
learning, and of magnificent bearing-, and indepen-
dent financial recources, never failed to meet the
meritorious struggling inventor with a cordialit3'
that did honor to his noble nature and manhood.
He believed in construing the law as he found it and
not as he thought it should be. Gn one occasion,
about 1859, the important question, “Can a slave
take out a i)atent?” came up before him for decision.
He reasoned in this wise : “A patent cannot be
g-ranted to a slave ; neither can it be g-ranted to the
master, as the master cannot make oath of inven-
tion,” In his decision he said : “The slave being
incompetent to take the oath and incompetent to
receive the patent, there is manifestlv presented
casus oi/iissiis, which legislation alone can sup-
])l3-,” The application in this case was filed 1)3'
Oscar J, E, Stuart in behalf of his slave.
The oi)inion is found in letter book 47, p. 207,
U. S. Patent Office records. The present status of
all colored citizens entitles them to the grant of
patents for the products of their brains, and there is
no long-er a necessit3' for others besides them-
selves to ap])l3' for or receive the patents. Everv
one should rejoice at this advanced step.

Judg-e Holt made a decision in the Good3’ear vul-
canized rubber extension application that shows
that he was a master in rhetoric as well as common
and moral law. This decision ought to be read bv
ever3' 3'oung’ man of our law and scientific schools.
In it the inventor will also find a true friend, but
the patent pirate an implacable enem3' and oppon-
ent. The decision contains the entire histor3' of
Mr. Goodvear and the invention of vulcanized india
rubber. In the decision of Mr. Holt, found in book
No. 3. page 499, 3'ear 1858, U. S. Patent Office rec-
ords. are these words :

Important, as are to the parties to this issue, the
immediate consequences bound up with it. the3' are
insignificant, indeed, as compared with the value to
the public of the principle involved.

From the ver3' foundation of this government it
has been the settled policy to secure a just reward
to all inventors ; audit is to the inflexible mainte-
nance of this i)olic3' that we are indebted to the un-
paralleled advancement, which, as a people, we have
made in the useful arts. All that is glorious in our
past or hopeful in our future is indissolubL' linked
with that cause of human progress of which inven-

tors are the preux chevaliers. It is no poetic trans-
lation of the abiding sentiment of the country to
say that they are the true jewels of the nation to
which the3' belong, and that solicitude for the pro-
tection of their rights and interests should find a
place in every throb of the national heart. Sadly
helpless as a class, and offering in the glittering
creations of their own genius the strongest tempta-
tions to unscrupulous cupidity, they, of all men,
have most need of the shelter of tlie public law,
while, in view of their philanthropic labors, they
are, of all men, most entitled to claim it. The
schemes of the politician and of the statesmen mar
subserve the purposes of the hour, and the teachings
of the moralists ma3' remain with the generation to
which they are addressed; but all these must pass
awa3', while the fruits of the inventor’s genius will
endure as imperishable memorials, and, survivinf
the wreck of creeds and systems, alike of politics’,
religion and philosophy, will diffuse their blessings
to all lands and throughout all ages. However
much the seeming- perplexity in the applicant’s ac-
counts ma3' expose him to cavil and to that vituper-
ation which is so ready a coinage of professional
zeal, and however short some of the points in the
case may fall of that complete elucidation which
could have been desired, there is one fact established
beyond all controversy and which stands out from
this record with painful prominence. At the close
of all his toils and sacrifices, and of the humiliations
he has been called on to endure, this public spirited
inventor, whose life has been worn awa3’ in advanc-
ing the best interests of mankind, is found to be
still poor, oppressed with debt and with the winter
of ag-e creeping upon his shattei'ed consticution. It
is perfectU' manifest that this is in no degree the
result of vice or of improvidence on his part; but it
is an inexorable consequence of the im])over ishing
experiments, inseparable from the prosecution of
his great enterprise, and with that prolong-ed and
exhausting strife in which unscrupulous men have
involved him. He now begs of that country to
which the energies of his manhood have been so
freeh' and so faithfullv g-iven, that he ma3' be al-
lowed to enjov for a few years longer that precarious
protection which our most feeble and imperfect laws
extend to the fruits of intellectual labor ; and were
the appeal denied, I feel that I should be false to
the g-enerous spirit of the patent law and forgetful
of the exalted ends which it must ever be the crown-
ing glory of those laws to accomplish. The patent
will therefore be extended for .seven years from the
15th of June. 1858.

The writer had conversations with Mr. Goodyear
in Washington, while his application for an exten-
sion of his patent for seven years was pending, and
while, indeed, he had an anxious mind and a
frail bod3', his e3'e was luminous and his intellect
clear. He t’-ul3' was a man of g-enius, as the manifold
ajiplications of his vulcanized rubber invention,
made and patented b3' himself, attest.

On another occasion Judge Holt made a decision,
found in volume 3, page 27 of the Patent Office re-
cords, in which is found the following :

It is due to the dignity of the subject, and the
generous spirit of the constitution, that the ])atent
laws should be liberall3' construed — having ever in
view the great end the3' were designed to subserve.
The3' were enacted for the government of an office
whose rang-e of action is altogether above the bar-
ren fields of mere technicalities. That office, in my
judgment, would be forgetful of its mission and dis-
lo3'al to one of the highest interests of humanity
were it to permit itself to be entangled in a mesh of
mere words, or palsied b3’ doubts born of intricate
metaphysical disquisitions. It has to do with the
substance of things, and to deal with the earnest,
ing'-enuous, ])ractical intellect of the age, and it
should deal with it frankl3', not perplexing and dis-
courag-ing- inventors b3' subtle distinctions, but
kindl3' taking them by the hand as the benefactors
of their race, and strewing, if possible, their path-
way with sunshine and with flowers.

If ever a man deserved to be thanked and remem-
bered for the good he has done to the patent S3'stem
and to inventors, that man is Joseph Holt, whose
memor3' is sacred to the writer.

Kobt. W. Fenwick.

It is estimated that the Chicago drainage canal,
when completed, with its capacit3' of 10,000 cubic feet
per second, will lower the level of Lake Michigan
four or five inches, but Lake Superior will supply
the deficienc3', as its level is twent3' feet above Lake
Michigan.

"What is understood to be the heaviest and the
largest log of wood that has ever been shipped by
sea was landed recently at Liverpool, England. It
was broug-ht from the west coast of Africa, and
weighed no less than fifteen tons.

The Inventive Age for one whole 3'ear, sent to
an3' address for $1.

THK INVENTIVE AOE

^19

Advertisements inserted in this column for 20
cents a line (about 7 words) each insertion.
Every new subscriber sendiiigr $1.00 to The In-
ventive Age will be entitled to the Age one
rear and to five lines three times free. Ad-
'ditional lines or insertions at reg’ular rates.

pOR SALE. — State Riy'hts to Patent Steam
^ Flue Cleaner. Costs 25 cents to manufac-
ture ; hundreds sold iji Ohio at SIO.OO each. Cop-
ies of recommendations furnished prospective
purchasers. Address, T. W. McDou^al, 50
Hamilton Ave., Chicagro, 111.

pOR SALE. — Or trade. Patent No. 524.005, is-
* sued Auirust 7, 1X94, on Journal l^earinji,
l)einjr a simple mechanism comprising' an
upper and lower member, the latter being- pro-
vided with recesses for retaining balls, 3* *ield-
ingly supported therein for the shaft to rest
upon. Undoubtedly the best journal bearing
ever devised. A good opportunit.v for some
one; sale or trade. Address, Daniel I. L.vbe,
Sidnev, la. 11

pOR SALE. — Patent outright, or state or coun-
* ty rights — patent granted Jan. 17, 1893, on
Rain (or Mud) Skirts; sickness is reason for
selling. Address, Patent Rain Skirt Co., 828
Tilet St., Milwaukee Wis. 10-11

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 489,554; A Milk Can
■ which under air pressure prevents the
milk from churning while in transit. Milk
■dealers should have this milk can. Address,
James Cantwell. P. O. Box No. 409 Washington,
D. C. 10-12

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 483,899; Improved
Rice Huller; delivers the grain in separate
"bins according to size of grain, etc.; has many
other improvements in hulling rice. Address,
James Cantwell, P. O. Box No. 409, Washington,
D. C. 10-12

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 524,279, Rocking
* Chair. Enables occupant, through easy
push on the rocking foot or arm rest, to swing
and rock combined. Adjustable parts. State
and countj" rights for sale. Address John Kolt-
niann, Leaunette, Pa.

pOR SALE. — Cheap if patent is sold at once,
* patent No. 524.206. The greatest thing on
the market; oil or liquid measure and filler;
does away with measures and funnels. A for-
tune in it; unlimited sales. W. Keepers, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 509,673; Step or Ex-
■ tension Ladder; sells on sight; change
made in a moment; strong, light and durable.
No ropes to wear out, nor springs to loosen.
Town, county or state rights for sale. Exclu-
sive territory given. Address the inventor,
W. J. Osborne, Sonora. Steuben- Co., New York.

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 522,202; Hand Truck;
* a pivoted toe-section connected thereto and
means for operating it. The best hand truck
ever in vented. Will send copy of patent and
specifications to any one desiring to investigate
a good thing with a view to investment. Will
sell patent on good terms. Address, Joseph
Frenette, Chippewa Falls, Wis.

tine, Aplington, Iowa.

pOR SALE. — Street Car Motor; Patent No.
* 524,961, issued August 21. IX'^H. Correspon-

dence solicited. Address, W. H. H. Stineman,
Hicks Mill, Md., or Edward 1. Clark, 110 St.
Paul street, Baltimore, Md.

20R SALE or ro.valty. patented May 29, 1894,
No. 520,612 Unique Thill Strap Hook or

Holdbac Fastener. Write Wm. Rice, Rome,
9-11

pOR SALE. — Outright or State rights, pat-
* ent granted September 26. 1893. No. 505,610,
Improved Fruit Drier: ihoroughD* tested, good
testimonials. Address. A. Jones, Pratt and
President Sts.. Baltimore. Md. 8-10

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 454.254. on toy belong-
* ing to t he ’'puzzle” family. A fine 0])por-
tunity for some person or novelty manufac-
turer. Only 5150 and royalty if taken at once.
Max Cohn. 828 Vliet St., Milwaukee, Wis.

pOR SALE. — Cheap; the patent on Fence
■ Building Tool — all east of the Mississippi
river. It is a combination post hole digger;
the handiest tool out. Write for particulars to
J. W. Brennaman, Abilene. Kansas. 11-tf

pOR SALE. — Two recent valuable patents for

* Illuminated Revolving Dav and Night
Store Window Lantern; very practical for in-
troducing and pushing any kind of business,
especialD' in the way of novelties. Owing to
-pressure of other business patentee will dispose
of both patents at a very small price. Address,

the sole owner and patentee, Louis Kuh, Sioux
Falls. South Dakota.

I OQ cash will buy Patent No. 497.901 — Ex-
^ wLr pansible Form for Paper Box Making.
Address, Wm. Watt, 43 Purchase St., Boston,
Mass.

BUSINESS SPECIALS.

Advertisements under this heading 20 cents a
line each insertion — seven words to the line.
Parties desiring to purchase valuable patents
or wanting to manufacture patented articles
will find this a valuable advertising medium.

"Y^ANTED. — A patent on a (lame Apparatus ;

will give half interest for some one to
furnish the mone}’ to get patent, etc. If you
want an interest in a good thing, write to J. W.
Wright, Buffalo Gap. Taylor Co., Texas.

Y^ANTED. — To sell or place on ro.valty,
’ ^ Paper File ; holds ain' number from 500
to 10,000. Any paper can be removed and re-
placed without interfering with anv other.
Best ever invented. Address A. Armstrong,
Bo.x 141. Noblesville, Ind.

Y^ANTED. — A partner who will loan me $100
for one year and take one-third interest
in valuable and inexpensive invention. For
further information address E. W. Barton,
Windsor, N. Y. 9-10

Y^ANTED.— A partner to furnish means for
patenting an immense^' profitable in-
vention, a Slot Machine for Retailing Cigars.
Machine receives all coins from a penn3’ to a
dollar, gives correct change, and produces ci-
gars from box. For further particulars address
David R. Huston, Hubbard, Minn.

’ ^ a new patent

There's merit in it. Address James Worth,
Union CitA’, Ind.

\\/ANTED.

» ’ t.-nnw t

-Manufacturers and dealers to
know that I want to sell, on commission,
their small, useful Patented Novelties that
will pa\’ good profits. All reliable firms should
write me. I want exclusive right. Can give
reference. Address, W. H. Dilhm, Virginia,
Illinois.

New Inventions and Discoveries.

It is said that a BrookI.vn mechanic has in-
vented a machine for making binding twine
which will greatl.v reduce the cost of manu-
facturing.

It has been demonstrated that aluminum can
be soldered b.v first copper-plating the surfaces
which are to be joined. It can then be soldered
in the ordinary- wa.v.

The Committee on Science and Arts of the
Franklin Institute have announced the awards
of the John Scott Legacy Premium and Medal
to Clement Pa\'en for the invention of the
chloride electrical storage batter^v and to Alex-
ander J. Wurtz for ini])rovements in lightning
arresters. These awards are given wholly
upon the merits of the inventions and without
the knowledge of the parties interested.

A typewriting machine attachment for writ-
ing and translating messages in cipher, has
been patented b^' Richard Harte, of Cro^'den,
England, A set of tablets connected by flexible
tapes, fixed at the ends to a common frame, is
used; the tablets bearing signs or characters
corresponding, according to an,v pre-arranged
s.vsteni. to the signs imprinted b.v the operation
of other than the ke3’s to which the tablets are
respectivel.v applied.

At the works of Chas Camwell & Co., Shef-
field, England, the bullet proof shield invented
b3' Capt. Bo3’nton was tested. It is onlv 3-16
inch thick and is said to have proven impervious
to bullets fired from a Lee-Mitford barrel at 30
.Yards distance. The shield is made from
special l.v prepared chrome steel.

A new safetv appliance, the invention of M.
E. Boulton, of Boston, was recently tried on one
of the fast Penns.vlvania Railroad passenger
trains between Pittsburg and New York. It
consists of an arrangement to supplement the
work of the Westinghouse air brake bv heavilv
sanding the tracks as soon as the brake is ap-
plied, and thereb.v enabling the train to be
brought to a standstill at ver.v short notice. It
is said that the tests were ver3’ successful.

Simon Lake, of Baltimore, claims to have in-
vented a serviceable submarine boat which is
capable of being readil.v submerged to an.v de-
sired depth and again raised to the surface, and
of being propelled either above or beloW' water,
as required.

Detectives Needed Here.

Superintendent Chas. Ainge, of the National
Detective Bureau. Indianapolis, Ind. .announces
that two or three capable and trustworthy men
are needed in this section to act as private detec-
tives under his instructions. Experience in the
work is not iiecessar3' to success. He edits a
large criminal paper and will send it with full
I)arliculars. which will explain how 3'ou ma3'
enter the profession b.v addressing him at In-
dianapolis, Ind.

■\Ve have received from Baker ti: Co., gold, sil_
ver and platinum refiners, assa.vers and smel-
ters, Newark, N. J., a cop.v of a little booklet,
giving valuable data concerning platinum,
illustrating the various uses to which the metal
has been put. This firm refines or purchases
aii.vthing containing gold, silver or platinum.

The Inventive Age can recommend the
vClimax” watch, advertised in another coluni n.
as being, undoubtedl.v. the best stem-winder
watch for the price in the market. It is a good
time keeper, and either a plain or imitation en-
graved cases can be had. This watch is full.v
timed and regulated and fully guaranteed for
one year, the same as tValtham or Elgin.

Aftermath.

Two rides for one cent is the result of the
street railwa3’ war in Savannah, Ga.

In the United States there are 148 foreigners
to each l.(X)0 inhabitants. In (ireat Britain the
proportion is less than 6; in German3' less than
9, and in France less than 30.

The photograph from which the splendid
tone cut on the first page of this number j'j made,
was furnished by E.J. Pullman Son. the well
known photographers, 459 Penns3-lvania Ave.

It is said that on 8,000.<XK) pounds of tin plate
accumulated in bond at Baltimore in anticipa-
tion of the enforcement of the new dut3' Oct. 1,
the loss to the government was about $80,000 in
revenue,

T HE coming report of the State Commissioner
of Labor, in Ohio, will show that 2,394 repre-
sentative manufacturing industries located in
46 cities paid out in wages in 1892 550,838.383.41;
same in 1893 paid out $43,903,857.57, a decreaee
of $6,933,516.

The proceedings of the recent meeting of
street railwa3' men were covered b3' man3' tech-
nical journals, but no accounts are so interest-
ing and complete as those in the Street Kailwa3*
Journal, of New York. Electrical World and
Electrical Review are close seconds.

The official computations of the horse-power
of the new battleship "’Maine” as developed on
her recent trial, have been completed. The3'
give 9.229 as the horse-power of the propelling
engines, air pumps and circulating machiner3',
insuring to the contractors for the engines a
premium of $22,900 or $100 for everv' horse-power
over 9,000.

Wm. Reeves, of Hoboken, N. J., has received
a patent on a railway- train protecting device;
the scheme being to conduct hot water pipes
from the boiler of the locomotive to the entrance
ways of each car, with perforations so arranged
that a spra3' of hot water can be ejected in the
face of undesirable intruders, at the will of the
engineer or trainmen.

Electric Flashes.

Governor Northern, of Georgia, in his speech
of welcome to the Street Railwa3’ Association
at Atlanta, said the south had i,611 miles -of
electric street railwa3' line completed or pro-
jected, re<]uiring an investment of $71,080,000.

A simple device for electricall3' regulating
the feeding of horses has been patented b3' Amos
Y. Reeder, of Philadelphia. Each of the stalls
is connected Iw a tube to the supply box above,
and at the end of each tube is the electric appa-
ratus which controls the flow. This is done b3'
working on two cut-offs, which allow just the
right quantit3’ of grain to drop into the feed
box. A single touch of a button will feed a
stable full of horses. This can be attached to a
clockwork arrangement, which will automat-
icalU’ feed the horses at anv given time. This
device is a great boon to milkmen, bakers and
those similarlv emplo3*ed, as it i)ermits them to
sleep while the animals are feeding.

It is reported that the firm of Siemens &
Halske will build an electric elevated road in
Berlin.

Six of Toronto's aldermen are accused of
wanting $12,000 for their votes in favor of the
Toronto Electric Light Company's bid to light
the cit\'.

Engineer Wm. B. Parsons, after an examin-
ation of the street railway S3-stems of L<mdon,
Glasgow and Paris, reports on the feasibilit3’ of
the scheme in New York to the Rapid Transit
Commission. He believes that such a railwa3-
can be safel3' built, economicalUv operated, and
that a pure atmosphere can be secured at all
times, and that the architectural skill displa^-ed
and the perfection of the lighting S3’Steni would
be such as to overcome all existing prejudice to
the underground S3'stem.

An electric railwa3' is to be built from Mercer,
Cal., to Yosemite, a distance of 70 miles. b3‘ G.
A. Walkup, of Chicago.

An English inventor, having obtained a pat-
ent on a device for var3’ing the candle-power of
incandescent lamps, Electricity is moved to
comment on the invention as follows; "'The
fact that an invention to be of anv commercial
value must fill a general demand, or create the
same, is too apparent to re(|uire anv confirma-
tion. and it is equalD' apparent that an invention
the object of which can be more cheapl3’ and
efficientl3’ attained b3’ other means is practicall3’
useless and merelv represents wasted ingenu-
ity.”

There is a sort of dog in the manger attitude
on the part of the owners of the Brush storage
batter3' patents. Instead of apparentl3' fighting
to keep down im})rovement on the part of others
in this important branch of electrical work,
they should go to work, develop these batteries
and benefit the public. — Electrical Reviev.’.

The largest central station in the United
States will be that of the United Electric Light
and Power Co., of New Y<n'k. now under con-
struction. The power house is planned for an
aggregate capacit3’ of 20,000 horse-i)Ower.

HagnoUa Metal Co.’s Successful Injunction Suit.

Judge Laconie, of the United States Circuit
Court, granted, on October 29th. 1894. the Mag-
nolia Metal Company an immediate injunction
against the Nassau Smelting Co., of New York
Cit3’ (composed of Benjamin and Moses Lowen-
stein , restraining them from selling a metal
called the MoNCiOLiA metal, which the3' have
been assiduousl3' offering in the New York
market and elsewhere, claiming it to be the
same as Magnolia metal and confusing the
trade ver3' generalU' with the similarity of the
names. The Magnolia Metal Company t>roni-
ise to prosecute anyone to the full extent of the
law who infringes in the slightest degree on its
patent or trade mark rights.

INVENTIVE AGE BUILDING.

PREMIUnS TO SUBSCRIBERS.

Read the following' offers to new sub-

scribers:

OUR $1 OFFER.

The Inventive: Age one 3'ear and two
copies of anv patent desired, or one

copv' of an3' two patents $1 09

The Inventive Age one 3-ear and a list
of 50 firms who manufacture and sell
patented articles 1 00

The Inventive Age one year and Alto-

graph map of the City of Washington 1 Oi)
The Inventive Age one vear and a five
line (35 words), advertisement in our
“Patents For Sale,” or "’Want” col-
umn, three times 1 (»

For $ 1 .

The Inventive Age and any one of the
following Scientific books:

How to Make Electric Batteries at
Home, fully illustrated, b3' Edward
T revert.

Every bod3''s Handbook of Electricity,
illustrated, b3' Trevert.

How to Make a D3*namo, b3* Trerert.
Practical Directions for Electric Bell
Fitting and Electric Gas Lighting,
by Trevert.

Eliiiu Thompson’s What is Electric-

OUR $1.35 OFFER.

The Inventive Age one year and Jo-
s^h Allen Minturn's famous book
“The Inventor's Friend,” indorsed bv
such high authorities, as Dr. Gatling,

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Book alone 50 cents.

The Inventive Age one year and any
one of the p^ular and instructive

books as per offer in another column,
under heading of “ Popular Scientific

Books.” $1.35

E Inventive .\ge one 3'ear and anv
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dard Poets.” mentioned elsewhere in

this magazine $1.35

e Inventive Age one 3'ear and a cop3-
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136 illustrations, Stilson Hutchins' fa-
mous book, former price $2. sent to
any address in the United States $1 35

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THE INVENTIVE AGE.

Washington, D. C.

Newspaper Reporters Wanted.

We are informed that the Modern Press As-
sociation rvaiils one or two newspaper cor-
respondents in this citv. The work ds lisrht
and can be performed by either lad.v or ■rcntle-
maii. Previous experience is not iieceNsary.
and some of our youiigr men and women and
even old men would do well to secure such a
position, as we understand it takes onlv about
one-fou rtli of your time. For further particu-
lars address iSIodern Press Association. Clii-
cag'o. 111.

Disbarred.

Tile followinsr attornevs have been disbarred
from practice before tlie Patent Office:

Ricliard Wiscli.art. New Castle. Ind.

Jesse C. Hansel, Hoboken. N. J.

Samuel K. Yost, South Hetlilehem. Pa.

Samuel J. Brown, Philadelphia. P:i.

Lemuel C. Reeves, Burlin'jrton. X. J.

Georire W. Heeriurr. Jr.. Xetv CJrleans.

U. T. S. Rice. ^Littoon. 111.

Wm. J. Hutchins. Wichita. Kansas.

There's Something in Appearances.

The best dressed men in Washinn'toii are
patrons of Gatcliell cV Tompkins. 41S
IJlli street, X. W.. celebrated popular price
tailors.

“Tips to Inventors.’’

This is one of the most instructive and useful
works for mechanics arid inventors. Its author
is Robert Grimshaw. M. E.. and the book, cloth
bound, retails for SI. Thi; Inventive Age for
one .vear and " Tips to Inventors” will be sent
to an.v address for $1.50

22,0

THE INVENTIVE AQE

% CL

CLASSIFIED list of Patents issued during the month appears in each issue of the InvENTiyL Age, which keeps inventors posted in the art in which they are

mostly interested. The full address of any patentee, and number of paient found below sent to any address on receipt of one 2-ceut stamp. We will

send, postpaid, to any address, printed copies of any U. S. patents, with specifications and drawings, upon receipt of 20 cents for one copy ; 35 cents for two
(Opies ; 50 cents for three copies. (See premium offer elsewhere in this issue.) Address THE INVENTIVE AGE, 8th And H Sts., Washington, D. C

LIST OF PATENTS

GRANTED FOR INVENTIONS,

OCTOBER 2, 1894.

Advertising apparatus. W H Reiff.

Aerator. JI Fowell.

Aerial vehicle propeller. H Ganswindt.
Alarm operating inechanism, electric. P C
Thompson.

Alcohol, making phenol. 0 Manasse.
Atomizer. H C Rees.

Bagasse burner. E A Koch.

Bake pan. C J Rundberg.

Baling press. A Wickey.

Banjo mute or damper. J D Harper.

Barrel. A C Calhoun.

Barrel cover. J Cooper and A S Jacob}’.
Base and column, knockdown. W Iletters*
clued.

Bed, fulding. IM Samuels.

Bed, spring. 0 S Foster.

Beds oi seats, elastic wire support for. G
Dominick.

Bell, magneto call. J B Smith.

Belt, electric. J J Hankey.

Belt hook or clamp. J W Taylor.

Bicycles for military purposes, arming. A
Briere.

Billiard cue tip fastener, M Pilgram.
Blower or injector for boiler fui naces, steam.
D D Gilbert.

Boat detaching apparatus. F Blanding.
Boiler cleaner, mechanical. C W Brown.
Boiler tines, maciiiue for lengthening. J
Cu mming.

Boiler separator, steam. C Edgerton.

Boiler tubes, device for cleaning the inter-
iors of. W I) Forsyth and E T Bell.

Book, clieck. E JlliddlekaiifT and A N
Aitken.

Bottle and stopper therefor. G B Barnes.
Bottle, prescrijjtion. C D Dickerson.

Bottle stopper and syringe, combined. W F
Ware.

Bottles, machine for siruping ami filling
siphon. T Ferguson.

Bottling apparatus. D Doyle.

Bread, method of and apparatus for produc-
ing letters or characters in. R Shaffer.
Bricks from coal dust, making. B IMuller.
Bridle brow band 0 H Ilartwig.

Brush support. G F Whiting.

Butter, At, apparatus for molding pats or
blocks of. \V Hacks, Jr.

Button. R Poscbel.

Can making niachiue. A Johnson and II C
Black.

Car brake. J C Miner.

Car coupling. W H ]\looersand E A Richell.
Car Coupling and bumper, combined. W
Wallace.

Car fender, A J B Berger.

Car fender. R Raphael.

Car femler. W L Shockley.

Car ventilating a])paratns. G A Geer.

Car ve.'tibnle diaphragm or face plate. II C
Biihoup.

Cars, means for replacing derailed. W J
Knight.

Carbon brushes, apparatus for the manufact-
ure of. J W Taylor.

Carriage, chihrs. J W Jainiisoii.

Carriage, folding baby. H Auhaltzer.

Case or bolder for letters. Ac. I Gould.
Cash registering apparatus. IT Blank.
Casting metals under jmenniatic pressure,
apparatus for. J J C and E C iSmith.
Ceiling tui>. G Diers.

Cellulose, nitrating. R C Schn))]ihaus.
Cement, manufacture of. B K Higby.
Chalking device, line. JW Netf.

Chocolate dipper. C Gousset.

Choi)ping knife. R Mayer.

Churn dasher. G W Parrish.

Cigar package. S Roman.

Clasp. II W Hoeft.

Cleaning machine. W Hebb.

Clii)per, liair. E A Cochran.

Clipjiers, shearing. E A Cochran.

Clock, electric winding and setting. II
Liiriot.

Clothes drier. J Brown.

Clotlies <lrier. BF Nicholas.

Comhinatinii lock. W B Humphrey.
Conimutattir. H G Reist.

Conductor switeli. G H Benjamin.
Conformator. A S Adler.

Copy hohler. J E Bncklin.

Corking machine. G Norton.

Cot. J H Lo(,ney.

Cover for cooking utensils. J Johnston.
Cranberry gatherer. J M and S B Moody^
Crevasse closer. IM A Laska.

Cuff liolder. W S Shaw.

Cultivator, disk. A E Brock.

Cultivator, hand. T T Rodes.

Cupola furnace. JH Whiting.

Curling iron and heater, ,T C Cliambens.
Current distribution, combined system of
alternating and direct. A L Clough.
Curtain bracket, adjustable. R T Green.
Cycle, trolley. H L Gardner.

Decorative films, device for applying. W 11
Coe.

Dental vulcanizer. T G Lewis.

I)itching machine. C \V and E Jeschke.
Door bolt socket. A C Jochnius and F M
Boughton.

Door, fireproof. 0 W Norcross.

Door hanger. W F Berry.

Door safety catch. J A Weaver, Jr.

Door securer. A B Bucklaiul.

Double acting press. A C Campbell.

Doiigli mixing or working machine. J
Adair.

Draft compelling device. B W Peel.
Drafting table, folding. J H Fry.

Drying cylinder. A G Paul.

Dye, black azo. A Weinberg.

Dynamo regulator. J Van Vleck.

Easel. H H Lurssenjand C W Wood.
Electric conductors, composition of matter
for 2. I> Macfarlan.

Electri-'. lock. T P Pratt.

Electric machine, dynamo. E W Rice, Jr.
Electric motor. J H Clark.

Electric motor, difi'erentially geared. B C
Pole.

Electric motors into circuit, apparatus for
putting. C Hofiniann.

Electric mouth battery. L L Funk.

Electric snap switch. A Metzger.

Electric switch. F G Berou.

Electrical switch setting, indicating, and
controlling device. K Moderegger,
Elevator oiieratiiig mechanism. M H Chris-
topherson.

Elevator safety brake. T Maybrick and W
J Ashworth.

End board chute for wagons. J 11 Irion.
Envelope. W Barnard.

Extinguisner, automatic. C Strebluw.

Fan. J S IMackie.

Fan mechanism, fiy. F Lenoir and E A
ISeward.

Fare register operating device. M T Graf.
Feed water lieuter and fuel saver. \V N
I\Iorri.ss and R H Smith.

Feed water heater and steam generator. D
Blyers.

Fence. J II Long.

Fence tightener, wire. P A Leyner.

File. W II Murden.

File case or cabinet. P J Pauly. Jr.

Filter. A L Emery.

Filter. (.■ J Phillips.

Filter for street sprinkler tanks, water tanks,
boilers, reservoirs, meters, At. E Henry.
Fire alarm telegraph system. W E I>ecrow.
Eire engines, electric igniting apparatus for.

W C. Matthias and W' Haitman.

Fire escape. E I Blount.

Fire extinguisher, chemical. M L Bos-
worth.

Flanging inachiiie. F A Kirby and J Hen-
ning.

Fleshing macliino. C J I^Iayer.

Fluor, fireproof. C> W Norcross.

Fodder jueparing api>aratus. A F Davis.
Ti'od .screen. J II Rhoads and G II Spanua-
gel.

Friction brake, electiic. B Davis.

Furnace. G F Gallagher and T B IMoore.
Furnace for distilling zinc. C Francisci.
Furnitme base. W P Tracy.

Game apiiaratns. G S Piii kerainl J P Friend.
Game ai>paratus F R Schleiniuger.
Garment holder. C Peacock.

Gas engine. G F Hirsch.

Gas mains, siphon test box for. A Bouvier.
Gate. W FGaie\\ood.

Gearing, adjustable. W Schnurr.

Governor. H 0 Garpenter.

Grate. L R Andrews.

Grate, gas. G Keller.

Grinding lawn mower knives, device for.
W J Walker.

Guns, shell ejector for breakdown. W C
I>aveiiport

Harrow. W W Micliaux.

Harvester, corn. W R Steiner.

Harvester cutter bar. A J Woodin.

Hat bodies on eoties, machine for wetting.

G \V' Grover and J A Northrop.

Hay carrier ap]iaratus. W Louden.

Hay rake and stacker, combined A Ryan.
Hay rake, horse. P F and C A Fleming.
Hay rake, horse. J E Wyckofi.

Heating and \entilating rooms, ai'iiaratus
for. T N Rogers.

Heating ai)paratus. J T Grindrotl.

Heating, method of. W P SkifHugtun.
Heating system. A G Paul.

Heating system. W P^kitlington.

Heel molding apparatus, spring J P Bus-
field.

Hermetically closing gazogenes, At, means
for. J Eugster.

Hinge seating device. W R Williams.
Hitching horses, means tor. M P Hagen.
Hollow ware, machine for making. II Dyer
and W H Bingham.

Horseshoe, elastic tread. L A Anderson.

Hot air register. E A Tuttle.

Hut I'ox indicator and oiler. A F Gregg.
Hot water heater. II Eisert and R B Talcott.
Hydrocarbon burner. H Clntl.
Ilytlrocarbons, apparatus for burning liquid.
W R Pearson.

Inhaling aiqiaratus. A L Lonnerberg.
Injector. J Desmond.

Journal bearing. A C Farnsworth and C E
RiAierts.

Journal bearing. E C Sendelbach and J N
Wilkins.

Jug or jar. J SI Pettit and J W Watt.
Kitchen cabinet. W Thompson.

Kneading machine, dough. A Webber.
Knitting machines, thickeningthread mech-
anism for. E L Lang and F II Daniell.
Lace fastener, shoe. E R Dulje.

Lamp, coach. G 11 CTulman.

Lamp hanger, electric. W 8 Weston.

Lanip, miner’s safety. L Jenkins.

Lamp, regenerative gas. W White.

Lamp, street. W Ritter.

Lamp supporter, vehicle. J Wise.

Lasts for boots or shoes, machine for manu-
facturing. W H Austin.

Latch. F Kallsen.

Latch and lock. .1 BlacLachlan.

Leather dressing compound. JEM Bour-
geois.

Ligliting apparatus, building. J S Roblin
Lightuing arrester. F8 Pearson.

Loads, apparatus for raisiug or lowering
heavy. H A Eckley.

Lock. C N Vittum.

Locomotive driving gear. A Prawatke.
Locomotive engine, compound. K Gols lorf.
Log carrier. R E Terry.

Loom. G 0 Draper.

Loom sbutt’e. I Rushworth.

Lubricator. J P Hunter.

Lubricator. II Pennington.

Measure, gage. W J and M R Littell.
IMeasuring instruments, scale and index for
electiical E Weston.

3Ieasuiing machines, signaling device for
automatic. J H Wiemers
IMechanically propelled figure. S Wilson.

Id icrometer indicator. J Bath.

Mold moistener. H C Schrader.

Moldings and automatically turning articles
from rods, machine for cutting spiral or
turned. A 0 Pemberton.

Slortise hick. F P Burkliardt.

Motor. J S Mackie.

Iducilage, device for mechanic.Ul}* applying.
Y H Biizerque.

MutTaiid purse, combined. I Sprung.

Nail extractor, R Blake.

Nipple holder. J H Vinton.

Nut and bolt lock. A and A Franklin,

Nut lock. A Edwards.

Nut lock. W 11 Gelbaiigh.

Packing, jiiston, W Buckley.

Padlock, permutation. I B Bapapnrt.

Palter box, W B Howe and F B Davidson.
Paper doll. 0 N Hoyt.

Paper fastener. II II Cabot.

Pajier folding niachiue. T C Dexter.
Paftition, fireproof. 0 W Norcrcss.

Pattern for cuivilinear designs, adjustable.
W J Henley.

Perforating device. J G Guff.

Pianoforte repetition attachment. W Sim-
kins.

Pin retainer, scarf. J F Ruffner.

Planing machine. D Jenkins.

Planter, Coin. K E Schlusser.

Planter, seed. V G Ricliey.

Pliers, wire crimping and fastening. E L
Williams.

Plow and planter, comhined. J F and E J
Williams.

Plow, rotary. J W I>iinbar.

Plow stock, cumhination. A E Jones.

Plow sulky. H Glawson.

Plow, sulky. E C Westervelt and C W Clapp.
Potato digger. SV F I\IcNaiuiie.

Powder divider. R E IMcClelland.

Powev transmitting apparatus. G J Altham.
Preserving fooil, H Paulsen.

Piess for finishing molded articles. G W
Laraway and .1 E West.

Piojieller shaft for vessrds, outboar<l. C II
vSchultz, Jr.

Pulveiizing rock, machine for. P McKellar.
Pump 0 Rumley.

Pump, force. J W Thompson.

Pump, hydraulic air. E II Weatherhead.
Pump valve. T S La France.

Piimpimr engine. G B Whiting and FM
Wheeler.

Rail, fianger guard. C II Sherwood.
Railway conduit, electric. M Cattori.
Railway conduit, electiic. R B Wilson,
Railway crossing gate. G W Phillippi.

Rai way gate. F Gailson.

Railway gate, automatic pneumatic. C II
Sherwood.

Railway joint bridge. C C Wells.

Railway signal case. U G ' elby.

Railway switch. J R Ciow ami J H lilul-
key.

Railway switch. C L Lincoln.

Railway tndley, conduit. R .1 Hewett.
Railway trolley, electric. R A Grant.
Railwa} s, automatic switch for electiic. W
S Wriglit and .1 E Venus.

Reel cairier. E N Iiunwidilie.

Refrigerator. F Lusche
Refrigerator car. OS Hardy.

Register fur counting the strokes of pistons,
Ac. F 1. Wolfe.

Registers, air moistening attachment for hot
air. II Iliuwizi.

Registers, mechanical movement for engine.
F L Wulfe.

Retinning hatli tubs. D B Hilton.

Rheostat. D Macfarlan.

Ribbon feed reversing mechanism. C E
Johnson.

Rod and ring machine, universal. J Ban-
well,

Rod support for screw or other machines. C
E Roberts.

Roller mill. J W Vaughan.

Rolling car wheel tires, machine for. W E
Williams.

Roofing, comhiuatioii . C H Dana.

Roofing tool 2. GH Dana.

Rotary engine. T L Blackwell.

Routing machine. C Schrauhstadter, Jr.,
and G K Schilling.

Sad iron handles, machine for making. J
Banwell

Saddle, liarness. II Lane.

Sanilpajiering machine. CL Riiehs,

Sash balance. J Sauerl-urger.

Sasli fastener. U A Hoyt.

Sash holder. J Weldon.

Scrajier attachment, wheeled. A F Ber-
nard.

Scraper, wheeled. A F Bernard.

Scraping machine, eartli. A F Bernard.
Shafting hanger. J W Hyatt.

Shears. L A Nickerson and P A Keller.
Ships, construction of. S Stuart.

Shoe fastener. I D Wright.

Shutter fastener. R McNab.

Sign, endle.ss. J IT Long.

Sleigh, bob. S C Paulson.

Spark arrester. H Bell.

Spindle centering device. G 0 Draper.
Spoke sawing machine. G S Fry and S L
Walker.

Spool box. C Tollner.

Spring. P N French.

Square. G G F Boswell.

Stamp, time. J J Busenbenz.

Steam boiler. J ESchlieper.

Steam trap. 0 Gassett.

Steering gear, vessel. D M Maxon.

Stethoscopic instrument. R C M Bowles.
Stool, milking. CJ Blakley.

Stove ash jut mold. L Kahn and H V
Moore.

Stove boards, manufacture of. J L Schultz
and A C Westlake. (Reissue).

Stove, gas. F W Robeitsliaw and J M
Cooper.

Stoves or ranges, oven door for cooking. F
V Knauss.

Street sweeper. G B Siccardi.

Striictutal material, manufacturing. E M
Blitz.

Switch working mechanism. C L Lincoln.
Teething ring. M L Metzger.

Telegraph key and sounder, combined, P D
Cox.

Telephone. H \V’ Libbey.

Tehqihone transmitter. I\[ 0 Anthony.

Thill coupling. K and E Brent.

Thill sniiport. J E Dolber.

Tlirashing machine, pea. f.’ E Paterson.
Tire heater, J Liethroer and J Tendollen,
Tire, pneumatic. C K Welch.

Tires, armor for pneumatic. S M Schindel.
Trace fastening. P Brown.

Tra]). II T Bush.

Traveling cases, fastener for telescopic. J B
Dugnid.

Trolley guard. H J Tanner.

Trolley spring. J L Hanson.

Trolley wire hanger. J J Green.

Trousers .stretcher. I'f J Weeden.

Truck, baggage. J I\I Frysinger.

Tiuck^ barrel. J L Hamilton.

Truck pedestal and axle box, car. E Cliff.
Trucks, center bearing for car. W Robin-
son.

Type holder. R A Stewait.

Type wilting machine. L PDIss.

Type writing machine. J Felbel.

Valve, engine exliaust. L II Wattles.
Valve, engine reversing. T B Headen.
Valve, gate. L S Wheaton.

Valve, steam engine. W G Shepherd.
Vehicle, two wlieeled. W F Valentino.
Velocipede. W C Foster.

Velocipede, ice G Riexinger.

Vent fitting. 0 Schlemmer.

A'^essels, means for raising sunken. E M
Arnold.

Vessels, means for raising sunken. J ABis-
ceglia.

Vise. G Siller.

Watch mainspring barrel. C Morlet.

Watch winding. S Scliisgall.

Water closet. J Campbell.

Watering device, stock. R I\I Sanford.

Well ilriiling apjiaratns. S A Horton.
Wheels, suspension rim for veliicle. E B
Killen.

Whistles, noncondensing apparatus for
steam. J G Hermes.

Windmill tower. S A Rouse.

Window or door button. F P Rawdoii.

Wire stretcher and staple luiller, combined.
G II Wilber.

PATENTS GRANTED OCT. 9, '94,

Agiicnltural machine, convertible. S J
Conk wriglit.

.Mr bi-ake systems, locking stop cock for
train pipes of. J T Eldridge.

Air Compressor, pedal. J North.

Albnin. C Jaeger.

Amalgamating apparatus, electric ore. J C
Lud wig.

Ainaliraiiiator and separator for recovering
precious metals from ores. E Reading
and \ Rigby.

Anchor. 11 A and II A House, Jr.

Anclntrs, nieaus for raisiug. II A and II A
Hoii.se, Jr.

Animal trap. C L Brown.

Axle box ped«^stal, car, 5. SJ Van Stavoren.
Axle box, roller bearing. J D Mattison.

Ball and socket joint for use in mills. W ;z;
Hart.'^hoi 11

Bandage machine. W N Crabtree.

Bank, registering savings. C A Ricltards.
Barge, freight. A K McRae.

Barrel, knockdown. 11 Ellis.

Basting ainl roasting pan. J Stroud.
Bathing apparatus. S S Goldman.

Beam, firepritof. C A Balpli and EPS
Wright.

Bearing, hall. W Badger.

Beer, means for transporting. V Oppl.

Belt shiiiper. L Aimanni.

Bicycle. C B Whitaker and E I) Lyon.
Bicycle. JG Ziegler.

Bicycle pedal. C H Davids.

Bicycle pedal. S Scognamillo and C Domin-
ici.

Bicycle wheels, manufacturing metallic rims
for. C H Pugh.

Boiler. H II Kelley.

Boiler setting, steam. W’ W Burk.

Boiler support and wall, steam. G A Crane.
Book. Ancestral record. F W Bailey.

Book liolder, index, and writing tablet, com-
bined. C F Johnson.

Boots or shoes, machine for splitting insoles
for. F L Stone.

Buttle capping machine. A L Bernardin.
Bottle caj)ping macliine. F IT Leavitt.
Bottle, nursing. II Herrmann.

Bottle or vessel holding deA’ice. F G Kam-
nierer.

Bottle stopper. C B Schoenmehl.

Box corner binder. A A Wood.

Box fastener. E A Beck.

Box lid holder. W' W Fowler.

Boxes or plates, machine for manufacturing,
IT Eschenbeck.

Brake beams, finger guard clamp for. H B
Rdbischiing.

Brake shoe, vehicle. H F Shephard.

Bread or cake knife. J W Hurd.

Biick kiln. W A Wilford.

Brushes, manufacture of. J Stauder.
Buckle, suspender. W L Doran.

Kuggy top prop. L C Pollard.

Butchering apparatus. M Cherry and D
Dysert.

Button separator J W Holman.

Cable stop mechanism. E Neil.

Cable support. E G P Wern.

Calking vessels. A J Brooks.

Canister, soap powder. B R Foster.

Car coupling. 0 Olmstead.

Car coupling. H Schaeffer.

Car coupling safety device. J L Arter.

Car dumping apparatus, railway. T Long..
Car life saving guard. L E Dubois.

Car mechanism for operating switches, street-
E A Barber and A B Babbitt
Car seat. C Wowra.

Car spring buffer, street. H A Howe.

Car ventilator. 0 H GTdberg.

Cars, machine for moving railway. E W
Ringrose.

Carburetor. J 0 Sprague and J W Guthrie.
Carriage storm hood. top. A W Scidmore.
Carriage top woiker. A C and W E Bend-
ler.

Carriages, sled attachment for baby. C J
Bongfeldt.

Cartridge holder, reloading. A J W’atson.
Carving machine. W ITaybeck.

Cash drawei and register. C H Shaw.

Cash receptacle. F R Garfield.

Casket handle. L H Bannister.

Castrating instrument. J E Anderson.
Chimney cap and ventilator. W Earle.
Chiropodists' use, instrument for. F M
Garies.

Cluick, drill. J H Westcott.

Circuit controller for regulatoi's. B B Ward.
Clew ring. T Ayres.

Clock, calendar. C W Feislitinger.

I lock, pendulum. 0 Banel.

Cloth cutting machine. A Thyll.

Cloth cutting machines, take up for conduct-
ors of. J Wolf, Jr.

Cloth holder. W H Cummings.

Clutch, driving. M C Johnson.

Coal liod, J H Humbert.

Cocks, safety device for locking gas. A and
S Kolin.

Cocoanut, preparing and preserving. N A
Closson.

Coflee or tea pot handle. 0 W Pierce.

Coin case. R L Chope.

Collar fastener, horse. H W^ Cooper.
Coinhing machine. A L Haggas and R
Heaton.

Commutator hrusli holder. G Rauch.

Corn husking machine. W II Webb.

Cuff Indder. W I^l Howe.

Culling iron. R Friedel.

Curling iron. C H Johnson.

Current motor, alternating. C Coerper.
Curtain frame, lace. IT V Bonsall.

Curtain rod. H A Fowler and J H Lingley...
CiUter head. S J Shinier.

Desk and reading stand, knee. A R Cooper*
Dish cleaner. M A Crosby.

Dish cleaner, J J O’Neill.

Door bar lock. T H Beiiniuger.

Doorelieck. E Dredge.
l)oor clieck. P G Emery.

Iiuor strip, automatic. W N Morrison.

Ih’aft f qualizer. S D Poole.

Drawing boaid. A C Van Horn and E E.
Barney.

Drawing instrument. G Thomas

Drill bits, &c., tool for handling. J Barrett.

Iirilliiig machine. R D Clapp.

lii illing macliine. R M Downie.

Drilling, percussion apparatus for. J M
ItoSS.

Dumping apparatus, 2. T Long.

Dust collector. R McWilliams.

Ear ring. J Bonner.

Electiic battery. M E Smith and M F
Geer.

Electric heater. J R Davis.

Electric heater, dynamic. H B Collins.
Electric machines in multiple, running com-
pound wound dynamo. W B Potter.
Electric switch. R S Kelsch.

Electrical converter. J W Packard.

Electrical signal. H H Wister.

Electricity by solar heat, apparatus for gen-
erating. M L Severy.

Elevator. J W Seaver.

Elevator door opening or closing device. W
J Ferguson.

Elevator platform. G P Wern.

Elevator safety device. F T Ellithorpe.
Enameling metal ware. H Claus.

Engines, steam chest for compound. E W
Haiden.

Expanding tool. N W Pratt.

Eyeglass suspender. U J Grc«n.

Eyeglasses. J H E De Cellcs.

Eyeglasses. I Fox.

Fare register. J W Fowler, W J England,.

and A E Nielsen.

Felting machine. R Heaton.

Fence inaking machine. P J Regan.

Fence, wire. G Lehherger (Reissue).

File, bill, 2. W 0 Gottwals.

Fire escap', automatic. I Millsand J Young-
son.

Fire extinguisher. C R Macomber.

Fishing tackle fastening. M B Allen.

Floor and ceiling, fireproof. C A Balph and
EPS Wright.

Flooring, hanger apparatus for use in laying
fireproof. C Carlson.

Flower holder. E E Bailey.

Flue. F B and E G Wisdom.

Fly trap. C Shleacow.

Folding or extension table. W S Rollings..
Frog, crossing. J C Shipman.

Fill niture leg attachment. E Dempsey.

Fuse box, electrical. J W Packard.

Fuse capper. G A Teel.

Fuse for projectiles, time. W J Smith.

Fuse, time. W J Smith.

Game board support. J^Green.

Garment and knitting same, union. W A
O’Brien.

Gas compressor.^ IB F gilliman.

TMH IKVKNTIVK AOK.

221

Generators, tlevico for i>rotfCtiti^ separately
excited. B (5 Laniine.

‘Glad'S wltli alumininni, decoralin}*-. C IMar-

got.

Grain drill. S .1 Conkw ri.irbt.

Grindiuff and polishing: wheel. F K Cu<lell.
Gun, bolt. II l.einewcher.

Guns, apparatus for snpj)ly in<r cartridges to
machine, d A Norton and \V Eiehards.
Ilame fastener. B 0 Smith.

Harness. K Ortega.

Harness. F F Wilt.

Harrow. I\I .1 Todd.

Harrow and cultivator, combined sulky. T
J Hiibhell.

Hat sizing machines, water purifier for. W
J Wiley.

Hat stretching machine. R Eickemeyer.

Hay rack. H C Rogers.

Hinge, spring. H A. Kippien.

Hod elevator, chain. G P Werii.

Icecream freezer and churn, combined. I
T Babbitt.

Insecticide. C A Bruederle.

Insulator. E J Bullock.

Insulator. W I) Trimble.

Insulator pin. EJ Bullock.

Jack. J Barrett

Jewelry safety device. J Bonner.

Key register. AV H Tliompson.

Kitchen table. F E Van H'*uten.

Knitting machine. S Jaros.

Lamp, electric arc. IM 3Iayer.

Lamp, electric arc, *2. J E \\'o<ilvt‘rton.
Lamp, miner’s sah'Ty. W E Field.

Laniji, rotatable signal. G (' T)ressel.

Lamp socket, incandescent. L R I’eck.
Lathe ta]ter turning tool. Z B Coes.

Leg, artificial. CHTruax.

Leggin. A! Z Levy.

Liner and measure, combined. S Katani.
Lock. G Brust, 1) F Reinhard, and L P
Hunkel.

Locomotion on railways, electric. J J Heil-
man n.

Locomotive, electric. N J Rafi'ard.

Loom liedille. II Vogelsang.

Loom shedding me< hanism. H Wenzel.
Magnets of dynamo electric machines or
motors, a<ljuster for field. M Waddell.
Marker, land. S J ConUwiiglit.

Mast hoop. W R Baker.

Mats, tioors, etc , wearing surface fur door.

H D Whiteley.

Ma tress. G S Perreu.

Pleasure, tape. F L Church.

Metal, macliine for ciUting beveled edges on
plate. I> Lennox.

Metals, method of and apparatus for elec-
tn)deposition of. C K Fletclier.

Milk can. E A Kaestner.

Blilk can fastener. G MiT)ennott.

M illing machine. E .1 McClellan.
IVloisteiiing device. T J (’lose.

Music holder and stand, coiiihined. J Wiiii -
der

Musical instrument. .1 Dodd.

Necktie. I> Sanguinette.

Nipple holder. G F Bard.

Numbering mechanism. M E Knight and
C S Gooding.

Nut lock. P T Johnstim.

Nut lock. T J Lirzinger.

Nut lock. W W (jwens.

Oil can carrier. J H Lins.

Ore concentrator. A 0 Springer.
Ornamenting machine. E A Marsh.
Oveishoe securer. (J K Tower.

Ozone, producing. J T D«>novan and H L
Ga rdner.

Paints, maiiufactni'ing roofing. D L Means.
Paper stock, macijine for breaking up
strings or halls of. C L Hamilton.
Patterns tor clotli, etc., api'arutus for cut-
ting. ;M Cramliy,

Phosplionis, making. A Shearer and R K
Clapp.

Photographic burnisher. W H Boles.
Photographic head and body rest. W M
Gilson

Piano action. U G Clark and C Mongan.
Pick. M Hardsocg.

Pipe clamp. 0 Hall.

Pitman connection. T Regan.

Planter ridging attachment, corn. L Run-
yan.

Pneumatic cash carrier apparatus. 0 Ames.
Pneumatic dispatch tube systems, valve for.
A W Pearsall.

Pneumatic dispatch tube terminal. 0 Ames.
Post or column. 0 Andre.

Power transmiltiiig or driving mechanism.
C Pauthonier.

Printing juess inking apparatus. R Miehle.
Propeller, screw. A W Case.

Pruning tool. G Klinefetter and J W Nash.
Pulley. O W Ketclium.

Pump, rotary. E F Smith.

Rail bender. H W Armstrong.

Railway annunciator. C K Alsop.

Railway, conduit electric. J E Toole.
Railway conduit system, electric. AV A
Butler.

Railway, elevated. J C des Granges.
Railway guard, 0 Bates and G W Smith.
Railway rail joint. U H Fifield.

Railway rail joints, truss for. AV F Dim-
mick.

Railway switch. E H B Knowltun.

Railway switch. A F Schinner.

Railway switch. T 1) AVilleVer.

Railway track switch, electric. A F Schin-
ner.

Railways, system of electric block signals for.
W M Cnthbert.

Reel. C S Gooding and W E C Goudey.

Sails, reefing. S G JIartiu.

Sash holder. J Chu pool.

Sash weight. H Mar>hall.

Saw filing machine. JN Howard.

Sawmills, variable gear for. J T (Jberdorfer.
Scale, price. 0 0 Ozias.

Scale, price and weighing. 0 (.) Ozias.
Sewing machine. J B Price.

Sewing machine. G II Scetiiiii and G Cade.
Shaile or globe holder. F Rhind.

Sheet metal, making expanded. J F Gold-

iui?.

Show case ami barrel cover. II l aub and
1) J Re.K.

Shutter bower. A G Cliri-timin.

Si.nal recording device. W' II Adkins.

Skate, roller. J A Segerberg.

Skate sharpening tlevice. F W Ta3dor.
Sleigh knee. L L (Jiatfiu.

Slice?’, potato. C B Struble and C S Turner.
Smelting. A\’ L Ansti?i.

Snap hook. (’’ N I’eJkiLis and J P Scollay,
Sole for .'•lippers or shoes. J K GrillitU.
Speed measuie forshafiing. \V Lang.
Sj)inning fiames, separator mechanism for
liny. A Ilitclioii.

Spinning machine roll. J Cain.

Spoon. S H Kiniliall.

Sprocket wheel. P D Alurphy and E. Kolb.
Stalk cuttei'. H AV .Mien.

Stalk cutter. W R U?ry.

Stamp, self inking Iiand. S H Leaven woi tli.
J?taple fastener for wooden vessels or boxes.
F W Richey.

Steam engine. J R Pearce
Steam motor. C E Beaumont and G P Wall-
ington.

Stones of small size for toj’s, etc., making ar-
tificial. F lleriinann.

Stove. N Lelnnann.

Stcive, cookinir. S Boal.

Stovepipe joint, M Stehle.

Surgii al neeille. II .A Blanchard.

S\' itcliboards, bQ»3 test for multiple. R H
Polk.

Telephone transmitter. T !Mc( 'oubiay.
TUerniojdles, a])|iaratus fur mounting and
Opernling. M L Severy.

Thermopiles, ai»p:iratns for utilizing steam
for heating. 5l L Sevei-y.

Thermostat L G Bowarid.

Thill colliding. W S Hartley.

Tliill sni)port. 1) A Barrackmaii.

Time recorder, employe’s. J S jMurse and
D R Lovejoy.

Time recorder, workman’s. E (^1 Watkins.
Tire, pneumatic. .) KSenechal.

Tire, pneumatic. K W Young.

Tt.jpacco or cigar mui>tener. J A Rol'insou.
Tobacco pil'e. W E Trott.

Tobacco pouch. R Heywood and J H
Nunn.

Track signal, electric. C R Alsop.

Tran.soiu lifter. W S Roliinsou.

Trolley wire support or hanger. S C Wood-
heail.

Trunk. I B Kaufiiran.

Tug, shaft. J L) llarrigan.

Type (lie.'Siiig machine. (.L, J G, and IR 0
Rehfuss.

Type wi'iter cabinet. IM Foley.

Type writing machine. J P Smitli
Tyi»e writing machine attachment for writ-
ing and translating messages in cipher.
It Ilarte.

Valve. K N Ifarboe.

A'alve. G W A'an Tine.

A'alve and steam chest for engines. E W
11 ai den.

A’alve, halauced slide. G Cook.

A'alvc, float. T J Ravuer.

A’alve for air bi'akes, automatic safety relief.

J Coppersmith.

A'alve gear. G Jalsoviczky.

Vault cover, metallic biii ial. AV Eckels,
A’eliicle. L W Hampton.

Ventilating cap. T J Ryan.

A’ise. II (.' Rasner.

A'oice rectifier. \ Carpi.

A'ote i-egistering and recording machine. H
A Clitfoid.

AVagon, sprinkling. E T AVesterfield.

AV ashing machine. G Brandcr.

AVashiiig machine. J D Cavanauyli.

AVater meter, automatic. G Cliatfey.

Water sterilizing apparatus. A A^ Al
•Spi ague.

AV’ater tube boiler. M 11 C Sliann.

AVa.v for dental or otlier purposes, metallic
covered. A S Uuther told.

AVax product for dental or other purposes.
A S Ruther ford.

AViiidmill. F A and F L Franklin
Wiiidtiiill N L Rigity ami 11 B Reaves.
AViiiilow frame iiulley casing. J H Foote.
AVire coiling niacliiiie. (j \V Crowder.

AVii 0 streti her. J W Austin.

Wood hfiiding machine. J Dawson.

AVort cooler. H E Deckebach.

AVreiich. F W Nelson.

AVreiich. AV E I’ugsley.

Yoke attachment, neck. H T Riclimoml.
Yoke cent<M-, net k. H T Kiclimund.

PATENTS GRANTED OCT. 16, '94.

Acid, apparatus for making sulfuric. P S
Gilchrist.

Acid with an absorbent, pho.sporic. G Des-
cainiis.

Aging w ines or distilled liquors, apparatus
for', T R Tim by.

Alarm lock for doors, etc. J FGrayhiM
Ammonium bichromate, making. E A
Starke.

Annealing box. AV H AVhite.

Arbor jrr'ess. J 11 Sheridan.

Asphaltnm or bitumen disintegrator. F
AValkei'.

Bag fastener. A Nixon.

Bag for ci ntaining granular material. FO
3Iatthiessen and B Arkell.

Bearing, shaft. S H A\ heeler.

Bear ing, vehicle hall. E L lirown.

Belt tightener. B F Radford.

Bicycle, S Scognamillo and C T>ointnici,
Bicycle attachmert, L A Fraukenberg.
Bicycle brake. F J Cole.

Bicycle brake. G E AVliitney.

Bicycle driving mechanism. G S AVf*!!!).
Bic^'cle haitdle, adjustable. E C AVoodaid.
Bicycle lock. C C Free and N F Heath.
Blue, soluble alizarin. 11 N F Schaeffer.
Boat. G Kooke.

Boiler. H Tetlow’ and T Harrison.

Boiler. J A'aiies.

Bi'iler furnace, smokeless. AI AlcCai’tliy.
Boiler’ water regulator. J W and II W Fox.
B ok holder, open. L L D Elderkin.

Boot, wool or felt. J I’eudcrgast.

Bottle. S Howe.s.

Bottle corking apparatus. E J Boyd.

Bottle .■'tnpiior. (' DeWitt

Bottle stopper. A Schneider and !► W

Br’onilev.

Box binding machine. A A Wood.

Brick kiln. N Alerley.

Britsli. (’ W Ib'ch<*-

Btiilding coristnictioii, fireproof. T Bailey,
Building block. Fedei ici.
liutter worker. R B Disbrow.

Button. 11 W IJlibey.

Button, i’ Neidhardt.

Button, separable. J Holmes.

Calendar. AV K David.

(’ulipei's. J Batli.

Candy scouring and cleaning apparatir.s. (.1
Ca rlsoii.

Candy scourino- and cleaning machine. G
(_’arlson.

Cans, closing. J Banhiivy

Car brake, liMlianlic. W L Fitzhngh.

Car luake, railway. II Hinckley,

(’ar ‘ oiijiliiig. F Schalcke.

Car feruler. H B Ggden.

Car safety apparatus, street. J J .Amlrews
and T Abut.

Car sand delivering niechanisitt, street. A
I’arrarit.

Car signaling apparatus, street. G B St.
Job n.

Car W'heel lubricator. J W Reiieau.

Car buretor. E Al Westc tt.

('ard, display, (.) ILurislieinr.

Card supiioi’t, W F Jones.

Cartriilge. fumigating. (J S Eri< kson.
Centririigal machine. E Levy Samson.
Chuj’n and butter worker, combined. D AV
Payne.

(’itrar band. C Hernsheirn.

Cigar c<r eigarelte. 1’ C Sarapata and 1* Sou-
vazoglu.

(!dgar sliaping machine. C llernsheim.
Cigarette or match cose. J L Sommer.

Clock, electric. C Gullberg.

Clotli stretchingmachine. J Aluir.
cliuhes drier’. A\’ H jMoseley.

Clothes {lin. AV AlcCoole.

Coach steii. B 1> Iniien.

Coal breaker. E L> Coxe.

Coal breaking apparatus. E B Coxe.

Coat. N Sehloss-

Cuating metal plates, appai’atus for. T L
Tlioriias.

(.'ock for gas stoves, etc. J B Wallace.

(’otiib. N Rheiubei’g.

CunibiTig machines, driving rnecnanisiu for
draw iiig off rollers of. (J ( ’holeiton.
Compre-M-ioii tank, (f T Francis.

Conduit, nndcrgrouiid. .1 E Edwards.
Conveyer. F G and .V C Sargent.

Cooking vessel. .1 H Wilson.

Cultivator arid harrow, combined disk, il
L Wnittredge.

Curd cutting machine. J .V Gosselin.
(.’nrling iron 2. Al Thomsen.

Cut ott and strainer attachment for rain wa-
ter spouts. A H Barlli.

Cut out, multiple safety. J F McLaiighiin.
Cutter head for woodworking macliines. E
(J Blaucy, Jr.

Cutter or trimmer for w'ood, leather, etc. J
A Hess.

Damper, stuV(‘pii)e. II W Wilson.
l)eckii'on. !•' D chase.

Dental tool. J G lI<dllllg-^W'orth.

Device for tradesmen’s use. 'f 1. Bristol.
Door (’h(‘ck oi’ closer’ 2. E I Blount.

J)our close!’, gr avity. AI R lliibheil.

Dour lock, sliding. AV’ E Johnson.

Door operating device, jail cell (.’ A Krutsch.
Dour spring or check. 11 W Larssuii.

Dough moulding or dividing machine. J II
Aithansand J Ruckstinat.

Drawing rolls for fibrous material 2. W
Ilinchlifie.

Dredge or other structures, means for siip-
jiorting. E J' Bennett.

Ifi illing macliine. J Sullivan Jr.

Ear ring. C Babcock.

Electri • cable. TJ Dewees.

Electri(’ inacbine, <lyiiaim). E Fawcett.
Electrical coudu tors, weather pi’otecting
Covering for. E J Houston.

Elevating apparatus. C W Hunt.

Elevator apparatus. AV Hill.

Elevator dour opei’ating ilevice. E (.) Chmeh.
Engraving inai.hine. E Fansluiw.
lOxponsion bolt. ] (Jhurch.

Eyeglasses. 11 E Kirstein.

I'iyegbisses or spectacles. W (J Beck.
Eyeglasses or sjiectacles. 11 E Kirstein.
Eyeglasses or spectacles, briilge spr ing for.

B A Gilber t.

Fan. E S Grauel.

Featlier di’essing machine. J H VIcConnell.
Fiber drying mad ine. F G and A (J .Sar-
gent.

Fire escape. B. Fox.

Fire escape. V Leber.

Fir e lighter, automatic. A J Krelihiel and
G A Hege.

Fish I’od reel. G fl Newell-
Fish trap. R J Hodge.

Fisli trap. P II Loud, Jr.

Flauger and track clearer, rotary. J .S Mat-
hews and A T Doyle.

F'loor. U Knights.

Floor set. H A Bates.

Floors, construction of fii’e proof. R .Astley.
I'lush t ink, automatic. WAV Ensign.

Fruit gatherer. Al Reus.

Fumigator T A Manahan.

Furnace, travelirrg fiuor. F H Richards,
Furnace, tiaveling grate. E B f'oxe.
Furnace, traveling grate 8. F H Richards.
F'uiance.s, air iriductimi apparatus for. J
Alills.

Gas balance for ascertaining specific gravity
of gases. Al Arndt.

Gas engine. H A'idl.

Gate. .1 Al Hiii’st.

(.iear cutter’. C Al Coniadson.

Gear, driving. C Hamann.

Glass and aiipaiatns tlierefoi’, manirfactuie
of w ire. J 11 Lubbers.

Glass tablets, apparatus for majufactuiing
embrotsiHl. .1 \V Bunta.

Glove. F P .Merr ill.

Gold or silver bearing ores, cyanid and clilor-
inalioo process for treating. P Argali.
Gore cutting niacliiri's. AG Brewer.
(fi)Veriior. FM Rites.

( il •vi‘i nor, con’r it Mgal spi-ed (' H MiGahey.
(Juveriior, steam engine. H 0 Nichols.

Gr’ain bindi-r (i G Hunt.

Grain lieatcr or .-li-aiioT. -I P AL <
Gr’jqihoplioiie. '1' II Alacduiiald.

Grease'lrap. J Barrett.

Grill wiles, machine for tw’i^tlllg and iiiineh-
ing. L K ii’cliciihauei’.

(irinding mechanism. W II Hill.

Harness altachnieiif. B S Lilly.

Ilarvesti r elevator, Al Kane. (Reissue).
Hat confoi mator. S II .Mfbind aiirl 8 .Mayer.
Hay carriers, jack and trii) pulley for. AV
Louden.

llay elevator. AV’ Louden.

Hay eb'Vator pulleys, means for sliifting and
securing. -T D .'‘waejek.

Hay loader. A L Rice.

Heating and water cii’cnlaliiig system. H
A Spear.

Ileliograpli attachnierit. A L Wethei ill.
Hinge, gate. L Ilaege.

Hoe, horse. G Gindler.

Horse blanket pin. G A V\ light and M L
•lacobv.

Hot air pipe. < ' Spindler
Ilu>kitig macliine feed roll. P H Cuuner
and L ( 'lar k.

HydrocavlKui burner. I> Kamp.«.

Ice cream cans, protector for tops ut. C

NeKoii

Ice ci’c-arn freezer. K C Edmunds.

Injector. P P Hogue.

Journal head foi' rolls. D L AlcCorkiiidale.
Keyboard Z G Wholes
Kiti'lien ealrinet. K H Tiaut.

Knife. K lleriington.

Kiiittc'd shirt. L W (jlroat.

K nitting machine transfen iiig ai'paratns.
H Donner.

Knoll fastener, door. (> C Rumsey.

Knob, sheet metal. A T Alatthews.

Lamp btirner wick adju.stei'. E A Hum
pbrey.

Lami', electric arc. A H Aloses, Jr.

Lamp, banging. .1 H Aluss.

Lamp shadelmlder, incandescent. E A Rus-
sell ami N W Crandall.

Last lilock fastener. FE Benton,

Latch and kuob, combined. C and G Spen-
gler.

Lath or shingle holder. D C Lyons.

Laths, injohiiie for making metal. A 0
AVright.

Lathing, metallic A 0 AVright.

Leather skiving machine. AV’ Hartmann
and J E Thomson.

Leg, artificial. E H Ericksson.

Letterbox, street J A Aletcalf.

Light indicator. L F .lohnson.

Linotype machine. O Mei’genthaler.

Lock marking gage, door. F K Elheiing-
tun.

Locuniotive boiler. G A .Vkeilind.

Loom doth rollers, mechanism fur regulating
the movement of. E Kastler.

Lubricator. AV F A^tin Giivsling.

Mailbag. W Brubaker.

Alail bagcatclier. II N Fleming.

Aleasni’ing machine, cloth. Il Alinister.
Aletal drawing macliine. A A\’ Foster,

Alilk C'loli'Jg’ house. E Aleck.

Alit.M’iiig machine. J Locke.

Alowei’, lawn. G P Kirscli.

Alnsic leaf tur ner. (I P Bi’ow n.

Alnsical instrument. E Enriquez.

Alusical instrument, wiml reed. P J De-
vanlt.

Name or inscription jdate for monuments,
signs, etc. R M Follenins.

Necklnind damp. A Coiikling and E AV
Bndl.

Net safety. .1 B I>romgoole.

Non conducting material and forming same
11 C Alidiell.

Nut lock. D D AVeisdl.

Grange holder. G A Glahn.

Organ, reed. J AV Trainer.

Panel chair. D B AlcHenry.

Pupea tubes, ete., coating. Al C Stone,
Peilal. -I S Cupeland.

Piano. AI H AlcChesney and J G Kunze.
Ifiaiio action. L A Barber.

Piano action. T S Fisdier
I’iano, practice. AV oNisley.

Piling, sheet. J A AV’akefield.

Pill compressing macliine. R Shoemaker’, Jr.
Pillow or ciidiion AV’ A'ogler.

IMantei’, coi rr. A K link.

Plating metals with alnminiurii. E C Pruad-
well.

Plow jilanter attadimeiit. J AV' Grubbs.
Pocketbooks, purses, or batchels, frame for.
S Sdieirei’.

Pi imarv baltei'V and portalde electric lamp.
S VV Alaquay.

Printer’s quoins. R AVarg and A Lindemann.
Propellers, construction of couplings for
screw. J A'erity.

Propelling boats, means for. P Higgins.
Pulley block. H A’ Hartz.

Pnnii', irr igating. AI and J N AIcCay.
Pump, oil. R 0 Graham 2.

Rail sanding apparatus. A\’ L 'rrularid.
Railway cattle gnar'd. A J Gwin.

Railway chaii . E Nenustid.

Railway, conduit electric. O B Finn.
Railway rail tie. J (.1 Cowdrick.

Railway signaling, detonator holder or clip
for use in fog J G Dixon.

Railway signaling, tr'cadle for use in. J G

r>ixon.

Railway switch. E Brornhacher.

Railway tie, steel cuml'ination. J R Green.
Railway track brace. H Greer.

Railway train protecting ilevii e. AV’ Reeves.
R(*sonator‘, tubular. E AI Gerry.

Rheostat. A .1 Sliaw.

IN ad machine. J F Kimball.

Roasting furnace. E B Goodw in.

Rock dr ill . E S Currier.

Roofing I'late. P Norton,

Ro<tfs, bracket for staging on shingle. G L
Wilder.

Sales recorder, manual. II C Cooper.
Sanding device. J Martirr.

Sash fastener E I Blount.

Sa>li lock. .1 .V ilaseiiptlng.

Scale, micrometer. .1 I> Benson.

Scale, w’dghing. J lloltzliouser.
Screwdriver. Al Keelin.

Seat or cushion. AV A’ogler.

Scefling nia' hin«' I' R I'ackliani.

S*q-atator, .1 V. Ikjrchard,

Sewing ina Jiine kriotl'-i’. W r'l.i hi’afi.

>cw ing machi lie shutlli.' a' inaliug niecban-
i>m J I’l ipi».

Slialf c(,ni>Hng. .V U-Jzani.

Shaft ".iippoit and anti rattler, •’.,ii,|.iijvd. E
E Blackman.

Ship's log. G 'rii"!n.

SIjoi- plate <<v -pike, .•«he. t meral. W II -Bun-
ton.

Shoe string bolder. II T ''inall.

Slat and wire faljiic .1 > (j.M,,rge.

Snap h-a-k. Al N .Indd.

Sna]) bofjk. F and I J-' Wliiie.

Sihjw jiIow fcji’ .‘strei-t railway-. F W l»>aij
aijfl W E MhIIu'W’s.

S'«le ionn<ling machine. L E Eiic,,(,n.

Spark ane.-ter. H K Bnltmaii.

Spark arre>t'T and cxt'tigui-lier. II fr llata.
Speed indicator’ foi’ -baiting. W T Lintner.
Spinning jell. ly. B Bo-hdl,

Spinning rnacljincs, imM-hani.-m for adualing
roving rod.s of. (i E <’liandler.

Stamp mill. ore. .1 M McFarland.

St«'am l)oiler. (j Sewell.

Steam boiler. K Slndecker.

.Steam boiler. .1 E >paiJogbe.

Steam generator'. H E Franz
Steam orliot water healer. H E ( h.idwi<k.
Still for obtaining nitric acid, el'-. M Pii-n-
tice.

Stopper's, manufa<’tiii'e of .-crew’. J J Vai b-y.
Stove. AV J Keep.

Stove gas Inirner. J B Wallace.

Stove or j)orfal)le wanner, pocket -J T Klli.-.
Street sw eeper. N B Aliller.

Subperider«. L Bloom.

Switch. J G ItixoiJ.

Sw itch actuating inechani.sm. S Walker and
L Alarsliall.

Syringe. A L Gi’ay.

Tackle block. I! V Hartz.

Tap, ale. S A’an Heirnik.

Telegraphy, secret. A D P AVeaver.

Telepln uecall register. AV T GeuUy.

Thrill support and anti-rattler, combined.

P 11 Ale Lean.

Ticket case. T Ratcliff.

Ticket holder. J Al Akers.

Tile, roofing. C Lesmeistei’.

Tile ti'uck. J AV’ Bienz.

'lire heater. C Robinson.

Tongs for handling metal. C J Bagley and
L Roberts.

Toy or puzzle. F R Cunningliam and G A
Hitchcock

Toy pistol. H D Aledrick.

Trance post, spriiig. B D Drueu.

Track raiser. T F Steed.

Tree support, fruit. LAV Hihn.

Trolley. W A Bache.

Tug adjuster. F Sherry.

Tug, hame. A L Hill.

'} ype writing machine J. Z G Sholes.

A’alve and regulator, reducing pressure. E
J AVood.

A’alve gear. Y W Hagar,

A'alve gear, engine. R Al Fryer.

A’apur face hath. H 11 Hoge.

A’eliicle. .1 W Oleai’y.

A’ehicle. C W AVilbor.

A’ehicle wheel. EG Schleicher.

A'elocipede. C Byrne.

A’elocipedc T B Jefiery.

A'eli’cipedc driving gear’. AV Devoll.

A’esscl hull. G Brewer
AV’aHiiijg machine. (’ P Raiidolpli
Washing machine. W Smith.

AVashiug machine. AV Sweet.

AVater heater’, cleanser and scale preventer.
J J Aliiiet'.

AVater meter. L H Nash.

AVater meter', disk 5. L H Nash.

Water tow el’. E F Steck.

AVave quieting device. H See and G L Car-
den.

AVeather strip. AV True.

Well drilling apparatus. S A Horton. (Re-
issue).

AVheel. N (.) Starks.

AVinding machine, thread. J W Foster.
AViiidmill. E 0 B Touzelin.

AVindow platform. G W Ousley, Jr.

Window screen. J E Biltle.

AVire apron. F G and A C Sargent.
Wrapping new>['ai'ei’s, etc., machine for.

L 0 Crowell.

AVreiich. J AI Cochran.

AVreiich. A L AVinge.

Y’oke, neck. J S Brow n.

PATENTS GRANTED OCT. 23, '94.

Adjustable bracket for shade or other rollers.
J A Dwyer.

Air brake coupling, automatic. AV Al Ed-
wards.

Air purifier, return. J AVarrington.

Air sieve, purifier, and dii^t collector, com-
bined return. A C Urantinghain.
Aluminium, reducing. 0 F A Gooch and L
Waldo.

Annunciator signal. 1 U Fariihain.

Axle box, locomotive. AI N Forney.

Baling device. J Fatkin.

Bale box clamp. T Al Wallace.

Basin ping and overtlow, combined lavatory.
(’ Il AlucUenhirn.

Basket, fi uit. J E Asani and F Aliilileiibeck.
Batterbs, manufacturing .elements or plates
for secondary. 11 F ivirk]»ati’ick-Picar‘l
and H Tluune.

Beilclothes holder. OE Mullei’.

Belt, electric. .) Backsti’om and F VV John-
son.

Bieycle frame. G F Washburn. (Reissue).
Bie yele sled. L Tliannei’.

Bicycle stand. F II Pier(’e.

Bicycle support. D Biaiiiei’d.

Billiard cue cbalker. F G (.’liess.

Blacking inachine, automatic electric boot.
.1 0 Heinze, Jr.

Blacking machine, hoot. J B Sweetlaiid.
Boiler. Hyde

Boiler tube joint, sectional. N W Pratt.
Bone cutting inachine. A H Chapman.
Book rack, saini>le. J Reading.

Iki'ik >ii|i|.urt. G Stikeinan.

Bottles, device tor ])rovenling refilling of.
W L l>avis and B F Leach.

222

THE INVENTIVE AGE

Bottles, device for preventing refllling of.
r W .lohuson.

Box covering machine. J Weber.

Brake. C C Onsgord.

Brake shoe clamp. E H Kinnaman.

Brick kiln. G S i\I Butter.

Brooder, chicken. F J Wie and.

Buckle. JFMolloy.

Buffing pad holder. A E Perry.

Buggy top support. A N Kooks.

Bung making machine. E E Elder.

Bung stopper. B Kuheiistein.

Burglar ahum, portable. L G Larson.

Calculator. W II Claik

Can hlling device. E 0 II illy er.

Can labeling machine. F X Gaudrie.

Car brake. G F Steedmaii and J H Brook-
mire, Jr

Car coupling. H Gallager.

Car door bracket. E \ Hill.

Car draw bar. railway. A G Steinbicnner.
Car fender. H P Weale.

Car fender. JS L) Wiight.

Car life guard, street. J F Kyan,

Car motor, elect) ic. X C Bas.sett.

Car motor, steam. J A Oarliydt.

Cal’ seat. X Korney.

Car ventilator. H F Hiighson.

Cars, automatic dump f'*r miloadiiig. C I>
IMatlieuy.

Cars, method of and means for controlling
elei trie. 11 P Bavis.

Carbon, electric light. E G .\chesou.
Cai’ding inacbiiie. J T Meats.

Car) iage. F X Vanicr.

Cartrxige loading niacliincs, revolving ci im-
])er fur. S Hisey.

Cartiidge loading niacltines, shfll carrier
actuating ineclianism for. (’S llisey.

Cart) idge 1 oadiiig iiiacbines, shell cai l ier lor.

0 Hisey and E S Bice.

Cartriilire loading machines, ^hell fciMling
meciiiiniNm for. 1:^ Ilisey

Caitiidge loading machines, shell idacer for.
C 6 Ilisey.

Cash cunti’olling machine. A <nmitrnp.
Casting sasli weigliE, device fur. A S

1 ludges

Ca.'-ting.s, chill fi.r making chilled. II Sehoii.
Cathude, for eh lie pi’ucess and making

same. E Stonls-

Ceiiti if iigal separator. II EM Kayser.
Chain inaeliinc. B L Colvin.

( lieese pH'ss, C .1 Lumlstroui.

Churn. .1 A < 'rim.

Chuin. (’ Ij L(‘oiiard and A Bever.

( hull). I\1 M Moiitgiuneiy.

Churn. ( ' M Boark .

Cigar vending machine, coin uperaiiug. 11
L Kiltley.

Clamp huok, ailjustabh.-, J A P Beig.

Clevis. A iMurganfield.

]Bock, selfwinding electric. E G Hammer,
Closet seat. W G V(dliner.

Clothes dri(‘r. PJ Meslein.

( lothes pin. W I) Watkins.

Clutch coupling, T F McGee and E J Mc-
Carty.

Coal box, portalile. T Bukenhofer and E H
NVh^iss.

Coal (bill. P Sauer.

Coin controlled macliine. I Kichardsoii.
Composition case. B W Xelsou.

Cooj), folding chicken. C B Proctor.

Cord, flexible. K Kelso.

Cork cutting machinery. J L<twmaii.

Corn cutter and dropper. J Stewart, Jr.
Corset 2. J C Andrews,

Corset, abdominal. T S Gilbert.

Crad e, child’s. W E Pliillips.
f’urreiit motor, alternaririg. C T Child.
Curr^NComb. B \V Hardie
Curtain. A M Branshaw.

Dental jdate blank, rubber. J Spyer.

Desk or stationary implement. T D Ingram*
Dial sinking machine. G E Hunter.

Disphiv caLinet, libbon. L Schoolliouse.
Door check. J Wolf.

Door check. H A' Wertzberger.

Door check and butler, combined. J P
Xeeley.

Door lock, sliding. J A Loewer and J G
Sieber.

Draft ecpializer. G W Raymond.

Dredging machine. L W Bates.

Drilling machine. C A Beutrnp.

Duplex burner. T P Evans.

Dust collectors. AC Brantingham.
Dynamos, metal brush for. W vom Brain.ke.
Educational appliance. LAVBIu.sser.
Electric lighting system. G J and T J
Parfitt.

Electric motor or dynamo. C F Daniels.
Electric switch. J E Me Langhliii.

Electiic uterine battery. OE tiebard.
Electrotype matrices, machine for black lead-
ing. 0 B Beach.

Elevator controller. L W Southgate.
Envelope. K L Dow.

Exhibitor, coin cmitrolled. C W DeKiiight.
Feed mill. X P Bnw^her.

Fence. J Donnell.

Fence, portable. W M Cook.

Fence, wife. II C Pratt.

FerTiii/.ers, making. E Records.

File case. 1> A Dralce.

Filter. W B Lindsiy, W E Tuniier and A
Luwiniller.

Fi: eai ins, niagazin e for bivech loading. P
31auser.

Fle.xiMe tired wheel. S Ihliott.

Flour clamp. M Schlatter.

I’liie cleaner. AV .less.

Fluid, ai'paratus for intensify ing the pres-
sure of cGiiiUH'ssed. C P Higgins.

Fi iiit liohler. T Leiich.

Fiuir, etc., machine for sorting or grading.
F N Ellithorpe.

Fiyiiig j)aii handle lest 0 C Hover,
Ihirnaces, medind ot and apparatns tt)r ex-
tracting nioistuie from air for blast. J
Ga} 1 y.

Gatliaec, treating. W AlacDouald.

Gai ineiit clasp. I' Both.

Gas engine. F>SiMead.

Ga,'' engine. 11 B M igliavacea

Gas, iiincess of and api'aialiis for making.

\\ lleckeitand W I' luiwhuid.

Gas, rotary apparatus f(.>r generation ot
cliloiin. J AV Milton.

Geai cutting macliine. T () i’erry.

Glass ai lich's, iiiaiiurueture of hollow. J 11
Cioskey and J Locke.

(Gass mold. P M Alonija’i’ and (> Sigwait.
(Gass pii’SS. J 11 (.'loskey and ,J Locke.

(rold from its ore, exti acting. L Pelatan
and F ( 'lerici.

Gong. J Bedding

(G’ain tempering machine. G T Thompson.
Giate. hie. AV H l^rake and J Green,
Grater, nutmeg. W A Dunlap.

Giindiiig mill. CMdllowe.

Gun, igniting spring. C F AViebacli and A
A Ktielllioher.

Hair bru.-'hing maehiue, rotary. I M Tin-
hue.

Harness. B G Kennedy.

Harness. J A Thom|<soii.

Ilairo\v. PJ Heller.

Hai row. F Xisliw ilz.

Harrow AN’ A <.) Jones.

Heating and ventilating apparatn.-^, building.
A JMcFadyen.

Heating apiiaratus, but water. iS J Ander-
son.

Hinge, gate. G AI Bowen.

Hinge, strap, W II Hart.

Hoisting machinery , etc., hydraulic. II AV

Uinuey.

Hook, b Crowther.

Hoop making machine. D C Putnam.

Hose coupling. A Bicliet and II (J’Neill.
Hose coui)ling. S F Whalen.

Hot water heater. AV L Shepard.

House, movable. J F Rothwell.

Huh blank making machine. W AV Tucker.
Ice cutting machine, AV Butts.

Ironing machine. H F Gray.

Journals of mixing machines, device for pie-
ventiug leakage about. F Westerman.
Knitting machine. AV R Dilinore.

Knitting machine, warp. J Bradley.

Ladder and truck, extension fire. A B
Cairncs.

Ladder apparatu®, fire, AA’ J Ilorluii.

Lamp and socket, combined regulating in-
candescent. 0 A Hussey.

Lamp, electric arc. S Bergmann.

Larui*, electric arc. H (.> Swoboda.

Lamp shade protector. G i eichman.

Lamps, carbon holder for arc. E La\ens.
Latcli lock. B D Cojipage,

Lathing, metallic. (J Hayes. (Reissue).
Leaching apparatus. F B Stiuiiz.

Lead hydrate produced by electrolysis,
treating. A B Browne.

Leaf turner. H Kramer.

Lenses to elevator doors, ete.. holder lor at-
taching. G AV Alark.

Letter box. C W Alartin,

L-‘Vei attaclinieiit, spirit. A Scliuell.
Liftingjaek. A L Cvtaiitonl.

Lock. J Schade.

Locomotive. G A Couch.

Loom ideker motion. E Guilhert.

Loom pu^itive shuttle motion 2. E 11 Gra-
ham.

Alagi.etic separator 2. AV II AVilliams.

Alail hags, to i»r from trains in motion, ap-
paiatiis for delivering. E Davies.

AIarble>j, niaiiufacturing artifieial. F Grand
Aloiitagiie.

Aleut cutter. G and E D Ashley.

Aleter. Al G- Henley and .1 P Fulgham.
AlilKiiig machine, cow. E SmaiT.

Alill roll feeder. G AV Goiub.-;.

Alining machine. J Heiiwoiid.

Alold fur making washers and tacks fo
plumberc' use. D B Itlack and S A Hill.
Alomy <lra\ser, .safety. Al B Daley.

Alotor engine, gas, (til or similar. II U An-
drews and A B Bellamy.

Alotor i.'ugiiKs gas or oil. II Schumni.

Al usic, macliine for making pel fo rated sheet.
\V E Giigts.

Alnsical iiistnime.it darni'er. A Bicliter.
Alnsical iiistruiiient tuning key. A AIc-
K eii/ie.

< )live mill. B Toulouse and J Iteloi ieux.
(,)re roasting furnace. P Xaef.

Oven, baker’s. A T Simpkins.

( (veil, imitable. J Strijte.

Oven, rotary. GJ Bloom.

Paddle (vhevL featlieriiig. J Jacobs.

Paii, milk. B ( 'ampbell.

I'anoramic camera. Al Flaimnang.

Paper board, macliine for scoring, (j AV Gay,
Pa[>er pnlj) lieating engine. J !• Pickles.
Paving Mock. G Bagge.

Pea slieller. J H Kmpsoii.

J’ea -helling machine. J H Kmpsou.
pea shelling niachiiie. J II Empsoii and P
All Donald.

Pencil sliarjieijer. .1 G Alcrollnm.

Pick or similar tool. AV K Birkinshaw.
Picture hanger. AV S Jaeger.

J’inkiiig machine. (.' II Bayley.

J'ipe bender. T i^eaton, Sr.

I’ilie connection. L I» Ahinvorce.

Pijie covei ing and manufacturing same. G
B Alaiiville.

Pipe wrench. J D AVilson.

Plane, bench or othet. T AV Fuller.

Planter. J Specht and I Arniand.

Planter, check rovv corn, 0 T AV’ood.

Planter corn. F L Block.

Plowx H Oldendorph.

Plow riding attachment. J Kleihauer, Jr.

Pneumatic shears. C 0 Heggen.

Polishing and staining machine. L and A
Schmoll.

Potato digger. AI Klema.

Powder or shot feeding mechanism. C S
Hisey.

Pressme regulator. AV G Taafel.

Printing machine, cylinder. J Brooks.

Printing machine, cylinder. C Potter, Jr.

Printing machine offset mechanism 2. EH
Ci'ttrell.

Printing press web supporting device 2. C
Potter.

Printing presses, two color attachment for.
0 E Adamson

Propulsion, marine. J S Alartin.

Pulley and building same, wood. II J Gil-
bert.

Pulp, method of and apparatus lor producing
wood. G AV Roberts.

Pump, spraying C H James.

Punching machine and stripper therefor.
F Sutter.

Purifier, separator, and grader. I> J David-
son.

Puzzle. A W Bartholomew.

Radiator. C Zitko.

Bail bond. AV A Granten.

Hallway chair. G A Bartholomew.

Railway, closed coinluit electiic'J. J F Mc-
Laiigliliii.

Railway cniistruction. J L Silsbee.

Railway, electric and gravity pleasure. C A
Idler'.

Railway rails, appar’atus for leveling the
meeting ends of. G Norwood.

Ibiilway sanding device. J A’eagcr.

Railway signal. (-'A AAhdler.

Railw ay water tank. T J I’rosser.

Railways, automatic safety grip for inclined.

( ) Al Mnith.

Railways, auxiliary signaling system for
Al (’-'uly.

Railways, iraiisfot trier system for electric.
Al Hutiii and Al iicblaiic.

Refrigerating apparatus. E W Garleton and
.1 M Gdell.

Rein liidiim-, ovci chock. C L Leonard.

Remedies jireiiaring tupical. O Troplowitz.

Riveting, dolly l*ar for. N D Yant.

Roller mill feed device. J Seiberth.

Rotary 011.11110. T B Boyle.

Roumlabont H D Gardy.

Rugs, etc., aiiparatus for making. R J
(Irnbh.

Rul(\ calculating. E F Stcck. (Reissue).*

Sash lialance. W AV Abbott.

Sa-b fastener’. AV R Abrams.

Sash tastener. J and J T Paul.

Saw frame. J (.bdardin.

Sawing maoliine. Al Garland.

Scale and coffee case, cunibiued. J T AVhet-
stiiie and T G Baker.

Scow, dumping. P (.'iancimino and F VV
Ala ttocks.

Seal. J E Gogle.

Sei'aratiiig macliine, magnetic. AV II AVil-
lia ms.

Sew ing macliine needle bar. S II AN heeler.

Sewing maehiue, shoe. M T Dmiie.

Shade support. X AA’ Ci’aiidall and E A. Rus-
sell

Shell carrier block. C S Ilisey.

Sieve cut off. AV A Peiidry.

Sieve cut "ft, agitable. D J I)avids()n.

Signal. E II (foudman.

Signaling system, electrii-al. B A Fiske.

Signaling systems, circuit changer for elec-

tric. J F Hunter and S H Lough.

Smoke preventing furnace. S N Smitli.

Soda ash, apparatus for drying, roasting and
calcining. J R and H Watson.

Sole rounding machine. G Julian.

Spectacle case. G AV Begole.

Spindle support, 11 A Owen.

Springs, manufacturing fiat zigzag. G Hook-
ham.

Square. P Grabler and J J Brown.

Stair, trap door. E F Grosse.

Stamp, time. J C AA'’ilson.

Steam boiler. C Finger.

Stopper extractor, bottle. E W Robinson.
Stove, gas. A B Hutchins.

Suction pipe drag. E 0 Patterson.

Sulfite digester. J Norton, Jr.

Sulfur candle and makingsame. C E Parker
and S AA’’ AVilliams.

Sw'itch actuating mechanism. A Alatz.
Tablet forming machine. F S Hereth.

Tack driving machine. \V T Hoofnagle,
Tappin-g apparatus, main D O’Neil.

Target trap, fiying. A H and C C Hebbard.
Telephone circuit and signal. T Spencer.
Tele[ihonic and signaling system, combined.
H A Chase.

Thill sup or'. J Hurley.

Ticket jiiid holder, railway. A II Piigli and
D B Alartin.

Tile. G AV Alorrow.

Tile fioor, wall, etc. F Furness.

Tile, illnininatiiig. J AV Mark.

Tire and rim for wheels, flexible. S Elliott.
Tire, rubber. J G Tallman.

Tires, making joints in pneumatic. C E AV
AA’oodward.

Tobacco staippiiig or stemming machine. S
Reid.

Toy money box. R Nicol, Jr.

Toy speller, meclianical. C P Gifford.

Tv ad wheel. II Ariens.

Trolley wire siqiport. F C Fisk.

Trolley w ire support. AI At AA’ood.

Trolley wire switcli plate. G A Huben.
Trousers. L S Sbauer.

Truck for handling sew’er pipe. F E AIc-
Kl fresh.

Truss. ( 1 A^erniaud.

Tube or fine cleaner - D Hanson.

Tumblers, etc., macliine for finisbing. W H
Barr.

Type writing machine attachment. N AV
Hartwell and T J Howe.

Umbrella. Z Wirt.

Valve, air compressor AA’ A Heath.

Valve fur atomizers, heel. J Hardman, Jr.
A’alve for compressed air brakes, controlling
and discharge. F A Holleman.

A’alve, steam engine. A F Devereux.
A'eliirle shijipiiig cover. F G Davis.

A'eil fastener. (J A Anderson.

A'eiiding machine, coin actuated. J P
Bcretta.

Veneer cutting machine. NE Brown,

Vine fastener. T Flesher.

AHse. J L Garjienter.

AVad feeding meclianism 0 S Hisey.
AA'a^on, delivery. J AV Pile.

AA’all paper machine. R Ileilmann.

AA’atch movement frame. D H Church.
Watch ])lati‘. D II Church.

AVater conveyer. A D Goodwin.

AA’ater elevator. J AlcMurrin.

Weigliing machine, automatic. E H Beckett
and 0 AV’ Roberts.

AVelt trimmer. F A Dunham.

Wheel. H B Gleason.

Windmill. P O Lntnes.

AVire coils, sjiiral guide for maehiues for
making. S Goriasco.

We will send yonr choice of any one of the follow-
ing valnahle iniblications, together with The
Inventive Age one year, for $1.35.

The A B C of Electricity, by W. H. Aleadowcraft. Dynamo and Electric Motors, illustrated, by Trevert. Practical Treatise on Electro-plating, by same. Practical
Treatise on the Incandescent Lamp, by Randall. Alternate Current Machinery, by Gilbert Kapp. Steam Boiler Explosions, by Zerah Colburn. Ventilation of Build-
ings, by \V. F. Butter; edited aud enlarged by J. L. Greeuleaf. On the Designing and Construction of Storage Reservoirs, by Arthur Jacob, A. B. A Treatise on the Com-
pouud Engine, by John Turubull, Jr.: with additions by Prof. S. W. Robiusou. Safety Valves, by Richard H. Buel, C. E. A Practical Treatise ou the Teeth of Wheels, with
the Theory of the use of Robiusoii’s Odoiitograph, by Prof. S. W. Robiusou. On Transmission of Power by Wire Ropes, by Albert W. Stahl. Terrestrial Magnetism of
Iron Ships, bv Prof. Fairman Rogers. Cable Making for Suspension Bridges, as exemplified in the construction of the East River Bridge, by Wilhelm Hildenbraud, C. E.
A Hand-book of the Electro-magnetic Telegraph, by A. E. Loriiig, a Practical Telegrapher. Transmission of Power by Compressed Air, by Robert Zahuer,M.E. Tur-
bine Wheels, by Prof. W. P. Trowbridge. The Telescope : its Construction, etc., by Thomas Nolan. Induction Coils : How Made and How Used. The Theory of the
Gas Engine, by Dugald Clark. Electro-magnets, by Th. du Moucel. Dynamo-electric Machinery, by S. P. Thompson. Dynamo Electricity, by John Hopkinson, j.
A. Schoolbred aud R. E. Day. Recent Progress in Dynamo-electric Machines, being a Supplement to Dynamo-Electric Machinery, by Prof. Silvanus P. Thompson.
The Steam Engine Indicator aud its Use, by W. B. Levan. Hand-book of Mineralogy ; Determination and Description of Minerals found in the United States, by
Prof. J. C. Eoye. Modern Gun Cotton : Its Manufacture, Properties aud Analysis, by Lt. John P. Wisser, U. S. A. “The Inventor’s Friend,” by Joseph Allen Minturn.

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complete 410 oz. The 3Iovement combines many patent devices, including American Lever,
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represents the watch three-fourths size.

A FEW TESTIMONIALS.

The watch I received from you keeps admirable
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HOW XO OFX IX We will send this AA^atch, which we fully guarantee, including rliaiii
IIAJ TT I UL I 11* and charm, free as a ]>reniiLini to any one sendingus a club of only S
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224

THE INVENTIVE AGE

The “Inventive Age” Special List of Novelties.

ELECTRIC

BELL OUTFIT.

This outfit is especially adapted for
front doors, servant calls, barns, expe-
rimental purposes, etc. Full directions
come with each outfit, so that any intel-
ligent boy or girl can easily arrange ai
electric call bell without the services ol
the high priced bell hanger, or elec-
trician. The battery which we furnish
is of the celebrated Leclanche type, and
with one charge will last for a year
without further attention. No well
regulated household should be without
one of these modern conveniences, as
their low price places them within the
reach of all. Sent by Express.

This outfit consists of the following
parts; 1 Nickel Plated Mahogany
Wooden Box Bell, Zi4 inch long ; 1 Le-
clanche Battery complete ; 1 Mahogany
Push Button with Porcelain Pu.sh ; 75 feet
Insulated "Wire ; 1 Package of Staples,
necessary sorew's. Novelty Electric
Bell Outfit, packed in wooden box. Not
mailable. Price S2. Bach.

COMBINED
KEY AND GIANT
SOUNDER,
PeiGE, ONLY

IMPROVED TELEGRAPH INSTROMENT.

NO BATTERY REQUIRED.

For Morse alphabet
practice In sendingand
reading by sound,
nothing can be superi-
or to the above shown
instrument. It is made
of the same ma-
terial and on san;e
pattern as the
Giant key
and
sounder
used in
telesraph
offices,
and has
the same
loud, clear
sound and

'c screws copper, the fingerhold black rubber, and the base v.arnishi, d

1 V!’ The student of telegraphy it is tlie li>ng-sought-f.ir. With this instru-

ment he is not bothered by unceriain and expensiv'e electrical aiiparatu.s, or conlined to use it on one
cert.ain table, but c.-in carry it around in his coat pocket or satchel, and it is always ready for use. it
is a high-class instruuient in everv particular, and can be sold, wlien the student has finished with it,
Than the first cost. W ith it will be sent free, a telegraphic instruction book and a package
of Morse alphabet caras. Postage 15o. Price S 1.53 Each.

ACME FISHERMAN OUTFIT. 51.1

BEEt.

This is the time of the year when the followers of the great Izaak Walton, look up the various
trtioles to lure members of the finny tribe; so we ha.-e prepared an outfit that eclipses anything yet
offered, for the low price at w.dch wa sell it. Eac’ ; article is made of the best material, and we can
ruthfully assert that if you buy the articles r :p.arately, the cost would be double what we ask.
- -1 Eidlowing are the contents: 1. Artificial Worm Bait; somethiuc new and good w’hen live worms
Strong Brass Reel; perfectly made and finished. 3. Spoon Bait: a perfect beauty, warranted
CO allure Bass and other fish. •!. Patent Hook and Sinker attachment; does away with tying knots in
ash lines. 5. Bait Box; strong and well made. B. Heavy Linen Trout Line; will hold the heaviest
trout. 7. Linen Bass or Salmon Line. 8. Purnislied Line, complete with patent Float Sinker aim
Hook. 9. Long Cotton Line on block with hook and sinker, for Rockbass. Siinfish, Catfish etc _ 19.
Twelve Ringed Steei Fish Hooks: best standard make, siinrn points and perfect barbs, assorted sizes,
from Minnows to Weakfisli 11. Two Improved Trout Flies; natural brilliant colors. 12. One Im-
proved Bass Fly: finest made. 13. Salmon Ply; perfect shape and color. 14. Two Snell Hooks and
Gut; hooks set on long guts, positve security against fish cutting lines. 15. Patent Fish Stringer;
something iisefui to carry home your -‘catch’’ on. 76. Guide Book, specially written for us by
W. C. Harris, Editor of the American Angler, describing every fish and how to catch them. Th©
whole packed in a strong wooden box, mailed post-paid for only SI .00.

THE LITTLE DETECTIVE OAIWERA.

Fully Guaranteed to take Perfect Pictures of every class “as quick as a wink.

Owing to the many intricacies in the construction
of an instantaneous camera, particularly in the matter
of lenses and shutters, it has required many years of
persistent experimenting by men of large experience
to produce at a low price a perfect and practical
maoliine. ,^s a result of this labor we now offer
<‘THE LITTLE DETECTIVE” which "we guar-
antee to do as good work as many others now on the
market sold from ten to twenty-five dollars.

Tlie plates being small make the expense for taking
pictures very low, and still they are large enough to
make an interesting collection of scenes and subjects
that can be photographed during your daily outings
in city orcountry. The negatives are also of a suitable
size to make Lantern Slides or Ilroinide Enlargements
from. Tl'e Camera is of such a size ftiat it can be
carried in a satchel or hand bag and takes up very
little space, its dimensions being 5 inches long, 3 %
inches wide, 4 ,'4 inches high, and is handsome in ap-
pearance being covered with genuine leather and has
a handle on top for convenience of carrying. The
shutter is so simple and perfect that it cannot get out
of order and is certain to work at all times. The
Lense is very rapid and will photograph moving objects
such as horses, animals, boats, persons walking and
many other subjects too numerous to mention. The plate holder is perfection in itself and carries
two plates. Extra holders can be procured at any time. We guarantee everjifcaniera to be perfect
as evervfine is thoroughly inspected before it is packed. Each camera is packed in a box with one
divuble'dry plate holder, (price qf extra plate holders 65 cents each) sample photograph and full
directions. Postage 18 cents. Price, $3.00.

Complete Developing and Printing Outfit for Little Detective Camera.

Comprises • 1 dozen dry plates, 1 dozen sheets Sensitized Paper, 1 dozen sheets Blue Print Paper,
i dozen Card Mounts, 1 Rubv Lamp, g Developing Trays, 1 Printing Frame, 1 Package Hypo-Soda,
a bottle Developing Solution, ibottls Touiug SoluUgji, C'aauot b© S£Ht by mail

Pritic Complete,

THERMOMETER & BAROMETER

COMBINATION.

ComTiination Barometer and Thermometer.- Our welt known leader.
Bine and Gilt back with metal side posts. Fancy top and botti’m and hand-
some enough to decorate the home of a millionaire. Extra well made and
dependalile on for showing changes in both weather and temperatuie. One
of the biggest bargains in our list. A handsome tberniometer, together with
a glass tube containing a cbemical preparation wbicb rises and falls by act-
ion of tbe atmosphere, foretelling correctly all changes in the weather.
This is a new style storm glass and the most reliable ever known, being in
use in all signal servio..- stations. The slightest change in the atmosphere in
some way affects this glass. The thermoineter is also of the best quality.
Both are enclosed in a stand with walnut top and bottc n and blue and gilt
back. On either side is also a strong metal bargiviig the whole great
strength and adding to its appearance. Altogctlier it is a most remarkable
combination for the pi-ice and we take pleasure in offering it to our patrons
fi'his is not one of the many cheap combinations of which tbe marlet is
flooded wliich are neii her go’od for ornament or use and can never be^re-
lied upon to forecast either the weattier or in fact any thing else.

'i'hereisno reason for yon to depeuil on the weather Bureau reports uS
every person who owns one of onr Combinations, can make his or her fore-
cast and t<-ll exactly when it will be fine, rainy and in fact every change in
the weather. With this w ai can tell whether to put on rubbers and a mack-
intosh or a l).'iir of summer shoes and a costly dress. Don’t take any more
chances about the weather hut be ], repared. Eac h one packeii securely in
a netit box so that they ctm beinaileii np without, any fe.-ir of getting broken
or damaged. Postage lOc, Price 3‘-c= Each; $3.00 l>oz>

THE U. S. REVOLVER.

We are "right Ir. it ’’ on
Revolvers and offer the
cream of the market at
extremely low prices and
can a.ssnre our customers
that money spent with us

in this line is as good as earned twice over. The
manufacture of plain revolvers has so increased
that splendid pieces can now be had in large
quantities at marvelous figures. We liave con-
tracted largely for our years supply and make
these goods a leading feature of our business.

THE U. S. NO. 22 REVOLVER.

A splendid revolver with hard rubber handle; finest steel
throughout; seven shot ; medium size. AccHrately made and elegantly finished in
full nickel. Just the right size to carry every day. Each in strong box with cleaner.

©©Calibre. A great bargain. Sold everywhere at $©.50. Postage 10c. Our Price
81 50. EatTi,

THE U. S. NO. 32.

Same as No. 23, mly 33 Calibre. Postage ICc. Price $1.85 Each.

U. S. PEARL HANDLE, NO. 22 CALIBRE.

22 calibre, fluted, long cylinder, octagon barrel, 7 shooter. Each in box with swab. A daintj
"pocket piece. ’’ About as line a revolver as can be made. Postage 10c. Price $2.70 Each.

AND OUTFlT-eOMFEE-IEi:^

This Outfit consists of everything shown in cut and .'mentioned below.
A strong and perfect ly made CAiHEKA, -w-hich wUl take a picture 2>^

cess Paper; 1 sheet Ruby Paper; i package Photo Mounts; Hyposulphite
Soda; Developing Chemicals; complete and explicit instructions, enabling
ANYONE to take ANY CLASS OF PICTLKES with this Outfit. Now
please remember that you are not buying a Camera ONLY, but a com-
plete and PERFECT OUTFIT, all ready for use without further ex-
pense to you. No such Outfit has sold heretofore for less than $5.00.
? Everything is carefully made and prepared and bound to work perfectly
A -n-onder to all who see it and its work. You are not restricted to any
class of pictures. You can take Landscapes, Portraits. Buildings, in fact
ANYTHING. The whole, securely packed in a w’ood case for shipping
Be your own Photographer. How many places of interest and friends
that are dear, do you encounter every day, whose image you would like to preserve? With this Out
fit you can do it and almost without expense.

Price only $1,00 l>y E.xpress; By Mail, Postpaid, $1.15.

THE “MIDGET” CLOCK.

Our “ Jlidget. ” Works
of Ansonia make. Case
nickel plated. ' glass
sides, drop handle,
constructed on the
same style and shape
of carriage or tra\'el-
ing clocks, which are
sold for $3.00 each. It
is universally admired
forits shape and design
being modeled after
French patterns so
long popular and sold
at high prices. It is a
perfect little gem and
in offering it to our
patrons at price named
we feel that we are
giving them a rare op-
portunity. Its size IS
3 in. wide 1 M in. deep
and 31^ in. high.Packed
in wood case. Postagei

lOc. Price $1.25 Each,

The popularity of Foot Ball as an out-door
sport is increasing, and with good reason, as it
is a most invigorating and strengthening exer-
cise. Running, -^s'hich it so largely involves is
known to be the best possible exercise. We have
arranged with one of the largest rubber com-
panies to supply us with a special ball for our
trade at very low prices in large quantities. We
sell 3 sizes only. They are made of strongest
canvas, rubber coated. Warranted durable and
perfect and the best foot ball made. Note our
very low prices:

5 inch diameter, $ 1 .OO Each; Postage $0.07
7 " “ 1.40 “ “ .09

0 " " 1.80 “ " .14

THK INVENTIVE AGE

— — r)

A PRACTICAL TELEPHONE.

Cheap Enough for aToy. and Good Enough for Practical Use.

This simihe lirtle iiistrunieiit is suiv to meet a gener-
al want in supplying the place of Speaking Tubes and
Electric Bells, at less than one-qnarter of the cost
One of its principal recommendations lies in thereadi-
ness with which it may be put into PKACTK'AL use
in connecting separate rooms in the same or ad,ioining
buildings, such as Manufactories, shops. Stores Ac.
It has been thoroughly tested, and its satisfactory
working, together with the low price at wbicli it is of-
fered, must insure its general use. Complete directions for setting up. also 1200 teet of Comp< sition
\\ ire. accompany each Telephone. All packed complete in wood box. Extra wire for Telephone
35 cents per 100 feet; each ino feet on spool, 'this tclei hone is warranted to work for a distance of
1,000 feet, if put up according to the directions m'Cnmr.anvitig each box.

Postage 20c. Price S 1 .00 Complete; S 1 0.00 Uoz.

BURGLAR ALARM.

Is it worth anytliing to know that your door is
closed against the smartest sneak thief every
night? This Alarm will give you that feeling of
security. He may pick or break the lock, but he
don’t open the door without setting off the Alarm.
Its simplicity accounts for its low price and its
value. It winds like an Alarm Clock and is closed
into any doorjam without in.iury to woodwork.
When ■’'he door opens it drops, suspended by
string, and goes off with loud ring. Postage 5c.
Price 68c. £ach. ST.iJO U«z.

This Engine is a perfect beauty, which our cut
exactly represents, everything about it -bines—
Boiler is nii'kel : Frame enamelled : Balance-wheel
turneil liriglit and true. It is a new design and
made on tlie best plan for durability and power.
It is put up complete with lamp and instructions
for running. Postage 8i-
Price 60c. Each. SG.25 I)oz.

These articles are made of the finest steel, polislied and plated in the best possible manner and
are for all practical purjioses cqu: 1 to similar goods Suld in stores at five times the price. 'I hc
well known higli prices of such goods, has induced us to manufacture tliem in large quantities
and to furnisli tliem at [irices at wliich every one can afford to liny. They are useful in tlie house-
hold and iiidispensalile iii every office and store, in fact no one should be without them
By mail, l.T cents each ; .51. ‘20 per dozen. 8et of 5, 60 cents.

THE DOLLAR ELECTRIC MOTOR.

PRICE

Express;

By 9Iail,

35c.

Extra

Electricity is fast supplanting all other
■ ve carried the princi-

motive powers. We have
pies of the large electric motors down to this
miniature motor. It will run 1200 revolutions
per minute, driving any small mechanical
device at uniform speed. Is cheaper to run
and requires less attention than a steam
engine and is perfectly safe. Educate your
boys in tlie coming science. For a number
of years miniature steam engines have been
sold greatly to the education and amusement
of the youth. Tlie latest contribution to this
purpose is this motor. It is right in the line
with the advancement of the age and enables
the young people to keep right up to the real
workers in tlie great nroblems of electricity.

ITS CONSTUl'CTION is such that tlie
simple application of water to the pad in bat-
tery which is located under the machine,
starts tlie motor at once. This exhibition of
tlie wonderful action of the battery gives the
youtful mind a most wiiolesome impetus,
stimulating to a line of inquiry bound to re-
sult in valuable education. Our motor has
been examin d by many expert electricians
and excites the greatest interest and is pro-
nounced a great contribution to science. It
is complete in every part and thoroughly
constructed on correct iiicolianical principles with all the parts of a large Edison motor, in-
cluding Armature, Comaiutator, iHagncts, nearly 100 feet Insulated Copper Wire, Adjust-
able'Uiusli Holder and Brashes, and Pulley tor triisniitting power. This Outfit also In-
cludes Battery and Clieiiiieals f.ir renewing same. Packed in strong wood case '

Postage 35c. Price, S1.00 Each.

THE “NEW YORK CLUB’' RIFLE.

EQUALLED BY FEW.

EXCELLED BY NONE.

PRICE, $7.50.

Indorsed and adopted by the New York rifle clubs. Is made in three calibres. 22. 25 and .32, It has
automatic shell ejector, black walnut slock, with case hardened mountings and locks, 24-inch barrel,
rifled by the most skilled workmen. The “New York Club” Rifle is iiiade iiv the Crescent Arms
Co., whose foreman superintends the manufacture of this rifle was formerly Inspector of Arms for
the Army, knows how a good gun sliould be m.ade. By an ingenious device ttiis rifle can be taken
apart and puttogetlier instantly, witliout any tool. It weigtis but 5 pounds, and can be iiacked. in a
trunk for traveling. We cliiiin for the “New Y'ork Club” Rifle iineuualled beauty, finish,
eonyenienee, accuracy and strength. It is a fine specimen of American science and workman-
ship. All parts are interchangeable. It was with a 22 calibre “New York ( jub ” Rifle that Prof.
Rossell won Hie Gold Medal at Hamburg by breaking 20 clay pigeons in successii m. Tlie " New Yorl;
Club ” Rifle is powerful in its shooting capaeity.as may be judged from ttie facts that Robert Morris,
a young man in the Adirondack regions, was one day last Fall scpiirrel stiooting with a “New Yorl;
Club” Rifle, using 22 cartridges ; a huge deer sprang across the path from some underwood, about
seven rods away. Young Morris leveled his rifle at the creature's lieart and fired. The beast gave
three bounds and fell dead, sliot clear through the heart. Rifle shooting is tlie most r- ival sport i-f
any shooting, and every town should have a rifle club. iTiceof tlie “New York clidj" Rifle; In
round barrel, $7.50; octagon barrel, $8.00, One price for all calibres. State which wanted. If $1.50
is sent with order, will send balance C. O. D. When all cash is sent with order, will include a box of
cartridges) In no case will cartridges be sent with C. 0. 1). orders.

SPORTSMAN’S KNfPE.

SPRING BALANCE SCALES

Spring Balance. An old favorite. Will weigh
anything under 21 pounds. I’he best quality yet
produced. Elegantly finislird and accurately made
and scaled off.' Great value 1 Postage 6c.

''Price 12c. Each; SI. 38 Doz.

Genuine heavy stag handle with tliree blades, one
large clip blade, one inciliuni. i -ne short and one
curved, all in finest croens polish, als.> lias cork-
screw, milled scales, i'l-ass liiml. G'-rman Silver
shield, one of the bandscun.’st and most diirat'le
knife 'we have ever offered. Postage 5c. Price 93o.

POCKET UHiNKINO CUP.

FRENCH FIELD CLASS.

Everyone who travels- much or little— will
appreciate tliis. Tlie cup thougli large enougli
will'll di awn out to liold nearly as much as a tea
cu;i ; wneii closed fits into the case whicli is the
'ize of a gent’s wati-h. Tlie cup is made of
German silv'-r and M ill not corrode or rust, while
I lie ease is tini.slied equal to the most huiidsoma
Silver watch. Postagi'.So.

Price 33c. Each; S3.00 I5oz.

LADIES’ SOLID SILVER

CHATELAINE WATCH

• This watch is called the “ Daisy,” and the name
is most appropriate. The case is of solid silver,
beautifully engraved,
and it lias a silver
cap over the w’orks
to protect the move-
ment. It is a stem-
■wiiider and setter,
and has a really ex-
cellent movement.

We guarantee it to
keep first-class time.

A handsomer little
watch you could
hardly find at any
price. It is not gaudy
or showy, but ex-
tremely neat and
attractive. It does
not look like a cheap
nr tawdry watch. We
guarantee it to give
Dsrfect satisfaction.

Let every lady wlio
loes not already own
i watch avail herself of this great bargain, and let
ivery gentleman wiio wishes to make, to wife,
iweetheart or sister, a Imndsoine present, think
well before he lets this opportunity pass. Postage
)C. (If registered 13c.) Price $4.93 Each.

High powi r field glass, -s have hitlierto
sold at i-rices iTaciiig them almost beyond
the reach of persons ot iiiudeiatc means.
The glasses we IK, w oficr I, re just wliat Ihe
people want, reliable glasses at low ],ui cs.
Farmers, herdsmen, huiilers, I'lospccti rs,
sailors, travelers, tourists, and. in fact,
everybody, will find them iiivaluahle. 1 ar-
niersand herdsmen can see lliiir cattle or
sheep miles away. II mitt is can distinguish
game at great ilistanees, and by this ii.t ans
not give warning of their api ioaeh. 'J be
tourist can hring liist: nt niounraii >. m Ih > s
and cities aim, st at his !• , I, while ri y , I’.e
with tliC'e field glass, s will s, on 1 i , < n c
familiar w ith eiflt-reiit <,bjtc's that 1 > I, le
( from their gi't at distance ) liel-n, m i., th-
ing tif. Friends ami aeiiiiaiiitaiic, s can bo
recognizeil at great distances, aim a l ail i f
these fi, hi glasses wi’. ji-i.y,- I'l.Ui ii stiuc-
tive and amusing to every , ne 'lla yaie
strongly made and cannot g, t ont of < idtr,
but will last a litetin e. 'I lien- is n, -I a man,
woman or chihl that canm-t find use fir
them almost every day of tbi-ir life. I hey
are the regular standard size binoculars,
elegantly covered in leather, with nowerful lenses, handsome I'lai'k eye i,ieccs. and nicely nickel
plated metal barrels and frame, with thumb screw' extensi, ,n so as to vary the focus lo suit , re's
eyes. The glasses are enclosed in a dark leather case, lined and having a hing,-d cover, fastening
with a strong spring lock, holding them securely wiieii imt in us,-. Tln-y will I,,- f, und very tiscfnl at
concerts, the opera, and other entertainments, I'lringing the performers and singers up to elose range
ot vision. In fact a pair of these field glasses is a necessity, and at this siieciully low price, every
one can afford to purchase. Each jiair of glasses in a tiandsome leutlier case.

'Postage lOc. Price Goiiiplete, only SI.90 Each.

THE INVENTIVE AGE

336

Joseph Leicester Atkins,

S. H. Hines,

MAIN OFFICE ;

2203 and 2205 14tli St., N. W.

BRANCH OFFICE :

910 4'_ Street, N. W.,

Telephone 775. WASHINGTON, D. C.

• • e « o

Undertaker
and Embalmer.

Atiantic Building,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Twenty years experience in the business.
First class work guaranteed at reasonable
prices.

Sixty page book free.

BETBIKR’S

Popular Electrician.

Scientific Illustrated Monthly for the
Amatuer and Public at Large.

Containing' descriptions of all the new inven-
tions as fast as they are patented, also lists of
patents filed each inontli at the Patent Office in
Washing'ton, D. C. Interesting articles by
popular writers on scientific subjects written
iiiawa,v that the merest beginner in science
can understand.

Price, Postpaid, $1,00 a Year.

-The “ Inventive Age " and “ Bubiek’s Popu-
lar Ei.pictkician ” sent to any address —
both magraziiies for $1.50.

Address, THE INVENTIVE AGE,

Wasliiiiff ton, D. C.

G.VrCHEI.S TOMPKINS,

Tailors and Importers,

Arraiigeiiieiits can l»e made with us by telegram for funerals in any
eity nr town in tlu' ITiited States or for ti'aiisfeidug bodies IVom one
eity to juiother. Open day and nigbt tliismgTi the year.

S. H. HINES, President of the Peoples Co=Operatlve
Burial Association, D. C.

Standard Eleclrical Dictionary,

By Prof. T. O’CONOR SLOANE,

Author of ‘•Arithmetic «>f Electricity.*' Electricity
Simplitied." Electric Toy Making,” Etc.

624 Pages. 350 Illustrations. HaudsonuTy Hound in Cloth, fSvo, Extra Super

Calendered Paper,

Tlie lariie s.iles of the anttior's previous rvorks. and the llatterinir reviews the.v liave received
from all sources, too-ether with the jrreat demand for a Dictionary of this kind, liave led Prof.
Sloane to complete, after a vast ami>niii of labor, a work of a very bitrh standard.

In iinblishiiifr the " Standard Electrical Dictionary." we have adliered to wliat the work pur-
ports to be. e.xhanstiTiir the subiect of electrical terms, .e'ivino- eacli title the clearness of e.xplana-
tion necessary to make the understandinir of it complete, without unnecessary elaboration. In
this work, every electrical word, term, or phrase will be found inlelliyently defined.

The work is absolutel.v indispensable to all in any way interested In "Electric Science," from
the liiirher electrical expert to the everydav electrical workman. In fact, it should be in the
possession of all who desire to keep abreast witli tile profiress of the e-reatest science of the times.

I’KEf.AID TO .ANY AIiIlKES.S ON KECLU'T OE $3.lX).

Address.

The Inventive Age,

Washinn'ton. D. C.

Just

Published.

STANTON’S STRAINING POT.

Pat. February 18, 1890,

No. Patent 421 ,777.

This, device coiiibiue.s a vessel into which liquids
nay be poured or drawn, the operation of straining
and nieasuring being accomplished at the same time.
A cut of the receptacle gives a clear idea of the con-
struction. The body of the pot is cylindrical in
shape, with ribs or rings placed at various distances
to afford means to measure the contents. A funnel
strainer is seated within the top of the pot, so that
liquicts are guided as well as strained as they enter.
A lid closes over tnis to effectually keep out dirt and dust should the contents be
left standing. A funnel-shaped 'outlet at the top of the pot provides means to
pour out the contents: a strainer placed within this outlet giving the passing
liquid a second straining. A cap attached to the side by a short chain is in
handy reach to close the .spoiM, thus keeping all dust or insects from entering.
This 'straining Pot should find a place in families, drug stores, liquor dealers,
and all grocery stores. The whole patent is olfered for sale or will be placed on
a rovalty, or will be sold by state or county as desired by purchaser. For in-
formation address, GEORGE C. STxANTON. New Iberi.4, E-A.

418 12th STREET, N. W.,

AVASHINGTON, I), c.

Moore’s Shoe Palace

have shoes to suit
everx'bodj' both as
regards price, fit
and C4nality. We
want x’onr pernii-
nant trade. Everj'
pair of shoes guar-
anteed, and a ticket
to the purchaser of
shoes from 98 cents
and up, 20 of these
entitles tlie holder
to a pair of onr best
®1.50 shoes.

Moore’s

Shoe

Palace,

810 7tli Street,

Next to King’s Palace.) \V ASHlNtUTON.

ETTINGER & SMITH,

Contractors
and Builders,

215 Twelfth Street, N. W.,

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Estimates clieerfulU' funiislied. Jobbing
done on short notice. Orders by mail will
receive prompt attention.

■ Statement of the Condition of the

Columbia Building, Loan and Investment Asso,

TO June 30. l.s')4.

.ASSETS.

Loans S(>s,423 3s

Furniture (..0-14 51

Bills receivable 2.322 00

Balance due Association from ayents

accounts {secured; 2.100 80

Accrued interest and premium due

and unpaid 7,4S8 50

Other assets (secured! 12.110 2d

Casli oil hand - • ■ 140 04

S95.69‘) 35

LIABII.ITIES.

Paid-Up and prepaid stock $ 1.42() 37

Special deposits 35,440 80

Monthlv stock receipts 14.0:^29

Weekl.v dues receipts 20,734 31

Loads repaid 10.600 58

Balance (profits) (>.742 00

S95.0OO

Amount returned to members $112,313 15

0 iiiid 8 per cent Certificate.s are issued by

this Association for any amount from $25 up,
pa.ving 0 per cent per annum for the first 3 years
and 8 per cent per annum after 3 years, if not
withdrawn before 5 years. These certificates
cannot be withdrawn until after 3 3*ears from
date of application.

Alonzo Tweedale. Harrison Ding:man,
Secretary. President.

P. S. MURPHY,

Practical Tinning and Heating,

Steel Plate Furnaces. Rang-es and Latrobes.
Jobbing done on short notice.

N. XV. Corner 3rd and H Streets,
WASHINGTON, U. C.

WM. DUFFY,

REGISTERED

Plumber and Gas Fitter,

lino N. CAPITOL ST.,

XVashington, D. C.

ESTIMATES EURNISHEE

Orders by mail will receive prompt
attention.

WOOD COAL OOKE

Dry well-seasoned Wood.
Free-Burning Coke.
First Grade Coal.

Sole Agent for the

Celebrated ARGYLL STEAMING COAL.

TH08. K. MARTIN,

M.uin Ofe'ice; 920 20th St. N. "W.,

WASHINGTON, D. C Telephone 1766.

FREDERICK CARL,

Successor to E. H. Bradford.

Model Maker,

Expert in Perfect Working Models,

Designing, Drafting and Perfect Work-
ing Models for Inventors. Models made
from sketches. Patent Office drawings
or home-made models. Duplicates made
, of Patent Office models for law suits in
case of infringement. Patterns made
from wood and metal. Manufacturing*
of Novelties.

711 G Street, opposite U. S. Patent Office,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

•r. sciEi'LTZuACir,

Mechanician and Modei Maker,

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tacle. has passed away, but thanks to photogrraphv, it yet lives for the entertainment and
edification of the muUiUules and for posterity in a realaslic and

Mcigiiificcut Panorama World’s Fair,

Showing pictures of yrand DuildinL’’s, of o-Hlterin<r Domes, of massive Arches, of noble Statuary,
of jeLiin'T Fou iitai ns, of beautiful Interior Exhibits, of Venetian (Gondolas, R’lidinL’* over
the di'op Lairoons, of Pavilions, of ForoijTH Villages, of Cafes, of tlie Wooded Island, and
many olhor attractions of the Dream City and

The Fasr.oiis Midway Plaisance, The Bazaar of Nations, or
The Side=show of the World’s Fair.

Those who went to
the Fair —

Will live in these pictures and accompanj’-
ing d<‘Scriptions, the delights they exper-
ienced on that memorable trip to the Fair.
The.v are sure to exclaim. “ Wliy, it seems
as though I am right there!”

Our Panorama of the World's Fair consists
of OVER 200 SEPARATE and DISTINCT
VIEWS. It is issued in the form of Four
Art Portfolios. EACH PART CONTAINS
55 SURPRISINGLY BEAUTIFUL PHO-
TOGRAPHS. The four parts contain over

200 Magnificent Photographs, making the
grandest and best collection of World's Fair
Views issued — worth_v a place on the center
table of the most elegant mansion. Every-
one should have the entire collection of
Four Parts.

Those who did not

go

Will find in them a source of great delight
and education. With such pictures and de-
scriptions they can yet visit the Fair in all
its glor3'. Parents should secure this
beautiful pictorial history for their chil-
d ren.

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OW TO GET THESE VIEWS.

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Fifth Year. I
No. 12. \

WASHINGTON, D. C., DECEMBER, 1894.

} Single Copies lo Cents.
I $i Per Year.

An Architectural and Engineering Triumph.

There has just been conipleted in the city of Wash-
ington another great monument to the inventive
genius of man. It combines in its ensemble modern
triumphs in engineering and pleasing effects in
architectural skill.

The illustrations presented herewith are of the
Cairo appartment house on O street, which is the
tallest and most conspicuous structure in the city,
with the exception of the Washing-
ton Monument, the Capitol and the
new Congressional Library'. Work
on this great structure began in
March last and only by the use of
modern appliances, labor saving
machinery, the most perfect organ-
izaticn of labor and promptness in
the furnishing of structural ma-
terial, has the completion of so great
an undertaking been effected in
such a remarkably short time.

The cut showing the immense
steel frame, with brick and stone
work partially completed illustrates
the manner of building modern
steel frame, fireproof building's, a
feature of which is the fact that each
story is self-supporting. It would
be possible to remove a portion, or
all, of the exterior wall of one storj'
without endangering the stabilit3’
of the other sections of the building.

The steel frame of the Cairo build-
ing is 100x122 feet and the total
height 165 feet, making a building
of 13 stories. The structural steel
was furnished bj' the Carnegie Steel
Company', Pittsburg, who make a
specialty' of “steel frame construc-
tion,” now so universalp'Adopted b_v •
engineers and architects for large
buildings in the United States.

The steel columns were manufac-
tured in lengths to carry three ffoors
of girders and beams, a method not
heretofore used. xVll the various
connections were thoroughlv hot
riveted togeth.er so as to make the
whole frame act in unison and the
foundations were made of steel
beams at right angles to and over
each other and so spread as to give
equal distribution of the entire
weight upon the foundations, the foundation beams
being embedded in concrete. Wind pressure has
been guarded against by proper bracing between
two columns in each bay, one set in each wing, ex-
tending from basement to roof.

The name, “ Cairo,” is not a misnomer. The
architecture is of the Egyptian order, conspicuous
for its severelj’ straight lines and sharp angles.
The carving on the stone work of the front is of the
East India stjde and the details of the hall, recep-
tion room, ball room and parlor of first storj' and din-

ing rooms on top floor are purelj’ East Indian, being
copied from parts of temples in Jej'poor, India, and
extremel}' picturesque. The building was designed
and planned b^’ Mr. T. F. Schneider, of Washington,
who is also sole owner. Mr. Schneider is a j'oung
man whose remarkable activity and artistic archi-
tectural skill has already won for him much fame.
The Senator Sherman mansion, his own palatial
residence and other buildings in and about this citj'

A MODERN SKY-SCRAPER, THE “CAIRO,” WASHINGTON.

attest his cleverness and originality of conception.

The Cairo is located on O street, between 16th and
17th and comtnands a beautiful view of the citj^ and
its environments. The front for the first four stories
is composed of Indiana limestone : the upper portion
a combination of the latter with buff brick, the whole
finished off with an ornamental iron cornice project-
ing five feet bej'ond the plumb line. In the centre
a square projection, 40 feet in width, breaks at the
fifth floor into two octagonal bays. These are con-
nected at several stories by elaborately carved bal-

conies ujiheld b_Y delicate stone columns. At each
front corner a square tower-like projection runs the
entire height of the big building. At the fourth and
tenth stories there are balconies supported bj- huge
griffin-like figures. At the eighth floor additional
balconies extend from the corner towers to, and are
connected with, the central baj-s. The princijml
entrance, reached by a broad flight of steps, is
through a wide recessed archwa3n The interior ar-
rangement of the Cairo is iti keep-
ing with the ijleasing effect of the
exterior. The ground floor contains
bowling- alle3-s, laundr3', billiard
parlors, etc., and the first floor con-
tains the pubic parlors, reception
rooms, drug store, ball room, retir-
ing rooms, reading- rooms and office.

The second, third and other floors
to the tenth inclusive, are finished in
suites of two or more rooms, man3'
of them suitable for housekeeping
if desired. The main portion of the
twelfth stor3' is occupied 1)3- the cafe
which in its decorations presents
an exceedingh- pleasing^ appear-
ance. The poi3ularit3' of the roof
garden has not been lost sight of in
this structure and the gardner's and
electrician's art has been broug-ht
into pla3' in the production of a re-
sort among- tropical plants and
fountains that will -be pleasing-
and instructive to the guests of the
house. An ornamental iron and
marble staircase, supplemented 113-
two Otis h3-draulic elevators. extends
to the roof g-arden. In the rear ])art
of the house there is a g'eneral
freight elevator.

The entire building- as lighted
onh- bv electricitv generated from
an isolated plant. Gas is used ex-
clusiveh' for the cooking- ranges
with which several suites of apart-
ments are equipped.

All the halls are wainscotted with
xiumidian (African) marble and
floored with tile. The effect of the
marble pilasters and wainscot on
the principal stor3' is enhanced bv
specialE’ desig-ned trimming's. The
upper floors are treated with sub-
dued 3'et tast3' decorations.

The building contains 350 rooms, arrang-ed in suites
of two or more with bath. On each floor are several
apartments arranged with kitchens. A bounteous
suppU' of pure water is obtained for the building'- b3'
means of an artesian well. In the construction of
this building space was sacrificed to comfort so that
there are no “inside rooms.” Ever3' suite has direct
light from the main street and the larg'-eopen court.
The view from the roof g'-arden 165 feet above the
level of the street cannot be surpassed. The Wash-
[Co)itinued on page 2 j 2.)

330

THE INVENTIVE VOE

Estat)lislieci 1889.

INVENTIVE AGE PUBLISHING CO.,

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The Inventive Age is sent, postag-e prepaid, to any address
in the United States, Canada or Mexico for $1 a year; to anv
otlier country, postage prepaid, $1.50. All subscriptions stopped
at expiration of term.

Correspondence with inventors, meclianics, manufacturers,
scientists and others is invited. The columns of this journal are
open for the discussion of such subjects as are of general interest
to its readers.

Technical matter is particularly desired. We want practical
information from practical men.

Kothiug will be published in the editorial columns for pa.v.

The Inventive Age is tlioroughlv independent.

Advertising rates made known on application. Special facil-
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Address all communications to The Inventive Age, Wash-
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Entered at the Postoffice I7i Wastiington as second-e/ass matter.

WASHINGTON, D. C., DECEMBEK, 1894.

SPECIAL OFFER TO PHOTOGRAPHERS.

The Inventive Ac.e makes a feature of illustrating new
inventions and new triumphs in engineering ami mechanics.

Under this heading may be classed the building of canals and
waterways, modern vessels and war ships, modern buildings,
interior views of model machine shops and factories, railroad
bridges, views of eng-ineering achievements of every nature,
natural wonders and discoveries, new machines, engines,
motors and develoinnents in electrical science, novidties, labor
saving devices, etc.

We desire the assistance and co-operation of amateur and
professional photographers everywhere- Every photographer
has in his collection, or can obtain, one or more views’that can
be used in the Age, We also want photos of prominent inven-
tors as well as their inventions.

Not only will we give the artist credit for any view used but
in addition we will forward the Age free one year to his address.
In instances of special merit and views of extraordinary achieve-
ments of genius and labor, cash prizes will be awarded-

Readersof The; Invicntive Age in all parts of the world will
confer a favor by advising local photographers of our request.

It is also desired that accompanying each view, there also be
sent a complete description of the subject or enterprise, or that
the address of some person be given from whom complete infor-
mation can be obtained.

The officials in the Patent Office are well up with
their business. The applications under examina-
tion on November 27th numbered 5,261, of which
only 561 were of more than ttvo months standing-.

Re.5.dek,s of the Inventive .-vcie can assist us ma-
terially in our warfare on jiatent sluirks by sending
in any information they may possess or projiositions
they inaA' receive from such as they may suspect of
hunibuggery — and it is safe to question all very
closely.

The question of whether or not an efficient tele-
phone service can be owned and operated without an
arrangement with the Bell people, will soon be set-
tled in AVashington, where a rival compainq said to
be encouraged by the Interior Department of the
Government, is making an effort to establish itself.

* AATTh some force it is argued that the Democratic
party has an opportunitA' to at least partialB' re-
deem itself before the present session of Congress
closes. If it will pass the Nicaragua canal bill the
West and South will accept it Avith gracious thank-
fulness prompted bA' an appreciation of duty Avell
performed.

Mr. Herman Herberts of Schenectady, N. Y.
has inA^ented an interesting improA’ement in Elec-
trical Measuring Instruments. The principle upon
Avhich his instruments are based is to send the cur-
rent to be measured in tAvo electrically parallel
branches or circuits, around the needle, or armature,
of the instrument, thus exciting tAvo distinct polari-
ties in the latter.

Testa looks forAvard to sending messages through
the earth Avithout the use of AA'ires. He also has
great hopes of transmitting electric force in the same

manner AA'ithout AA’aste. He thinks the impor-
tant feature lies in determining the exact
number of Aubrations to the second that Avill be
caused bj^ disturbing the mass of electricitj' Avhich
the earth contains. He says his machine for trans-
mitting must vibrate as often in order to be in ac-
cord Avith the earth’s electricity.

From far off Calcutta, India, come words of praise
for The Ina’Entia'E Age, A subscriber OA^er there
reports that Gregory the Avell knoAvn patent shark
of Buffalo and Marilla, N. Y., has been attempting
to do business in that countrAv The Age is com-
plimented for its A'igorous stand against patent sell-
ing- humbugs. Another reader in Melbourne, Aus-
tralia, also says he Avishes to commend the course of
The Ina’Entia'E Age in its advocacy of the rights of
the inventor.

The disposition of garbag-e in Ncav York and other
great cities, has become one of the greatest prob-
lems to solve. The Inventive Age for June last
contained an illustrated article descriptiA’-e of the
neAA' process iiiA'ented by Mr. J. C. Anderson, the
great pressed brick and coke man of Chicago. This
invention has attracted the attention of the authori-
ties in all the larg-e cities and last month the Chi-
cago experimental jilant Avas A'isited by a commis-
sion from Ncav York, and the test is reported to liaA'e
been a sig-nal success.

The stimulating effect of the result of the Noatui-
ber elections is felt throug-hout the manufacturing
districts of the East and a more hopeful feeling
seems to prevail all OA'er the country. A general
restoration of confidence has set in and there are
sure sig-ns of business reAHA'al on every hand. The
Avheels of industry are moA'ing- in all manufacturing
centers and in the coke regions of PennsylA'ania the
fires are again burning. While the natural trade
conditions haA’e been improA'ed there still exists an
OA^er-cautious feeling on the part of capitalists and
until there is a morel iberal spirit displayed the cry of
“ hard times” Avill continue to find favor in many in-
dustries Avhere a lack of capital prevents develop-
ment.

The probability, amounting almost to a certainty,
that higher -[irices Avill be paid in 1895 for coke and
for Bessemer ores : the fact that up to Nov. 1 stocks
of iiig iron had been decreasing slightly in the face
of steadily increasing output that reached a yearly
rate of nearlj' 8,500,000 tons on that date : the fur-
ther fact that any noticeable increase of Bessemer
pig iron consumption will call into activity furnaces
which must have a higher price for their iron than
that ruling today — these are the prime elements in
any forecast of the iron and steel situation that
reaches into the coming year, saj-s Iron Trade Re-
A'ieAv. Related to these facts is another one — the
country’s consumjition of steel in the past feAv
months has been at a rate neA'er equalled in its his-
tory, Avith the railroads, once a main stay of the steel
mills, buj'ing- less than in the disastrous second half
of ’93.

The patent shark, though not quite so bold as he
Avas a fcAv months ago, before the Ina'ENTIA'E Age
began its Avarfare upon him, is still doing- business
at the old stand and in the old AA-ay. EA'erj' mail
brings letters from iuA’-entors Avhose experience with
the aA'erage patent broker hay-e been disastrous.
Heeding the advice of the Age has saved
the iiiA'entors of the country thousands of dollars.
The eAHclence Ave are accumulating against the
grand army of patent pirates, Ave hope, Avill result
in the saving- of thousands more to those upon Avhose
inA-entiA-e genius scores of unprincipled SAvindlers
make inoneAG It is indeed a shame, as a foreign
correspondent Avrites, that a field promising so much
legitimate reAvard as patent selling should be so
miserably filled. An Australian correspondent in
speaking of this matter says : “A positive need exists
for reputable professional persons to take up patent
selling, and if more of them took to it, it is evident
that the more intelligent inventors Avould place their
business Avith them. By this means the “sharks”
AA'ould be limited to a smaller field. Never Avill the

vermin be croAvded out, till a more worthy class is
croAA-ded in, and AA'hen the latter occurs, the fittest
Avill surA'ive. Tli.e real saUmtion of inv'entors, there-
fore, is in this direction and in this alone, for so
long as reputable persons to sell patents are difficult
to find, the inventor Avill be the prey of those sharks
who do occupy the field.”

Patent Selling Fakirs.

Under the aboA^e heading the Age of Steel has this
to say about the question Avhich is just now of so
much importance to iiiA'entors and patent solicitors;

Tlie inventor avIio secures a patent finds himself
a source of perspiration to the mail carrier and of
considerable interest elsewhere. He is advised and
admired. Strangers have discovered that his g-eiiius
is of a high order, and that if jilaced in proper hands
the patent he has secured is a ticket to fortune. It
also frequently happens that communications of a
like nature from foreig-n sources, endowed Avith
gilded wafers, slips of ribbon and regal doses of
sealing Avax tell the same story of admiration and
interest. To the aA^erage inventor, Avho is taking
his first bath in this roscAvater, this sudden blossom-
ing- into fame, if a mystery, is 3'et a pleasing idea.
He is naturallA’- anxious as to Avhat he shall do Avith
his patent. In his OAvn hands it can get no further
than the tin box in Avhich lie keeps it. It may be a
triumph of ingenuitA', but, kept on a shelf, i-t is of
less A’alue than the old clock that stands bA' its side.

Genius finds itself in a predicament, and it is just
here that the patent-selling fakir comes in as a
Samaritan, if he leaves as a shark. In some cases,
the inexiierienced inA'entor, liaA'ing disclosed his
Aveakness and ignorance, is beguiled into paying an
advance fee, after Avhich he is left to Avonder Avhy
no sale is made ot his patent. 6)f course Avith the
honorable patent broker such nefarious practices
are unkuoAvn. In his hands the inventor has his ad-
vance fee reAvarded Iia' energetic and conscientious
effort to place his inA'ention on the market. It is,
lioAveA'er, conceded that there is an urgent need for
reform in patent brokerage. It is not to be expected
in this business, more than in an_A' other, that dis-
lionestA' and fraudulent practices can be entirely
eliminated. It is also true that maiiA' iiiA'entors, bj'
their cupiditj'. encourag-e the patent-selling fakir,
Avho seldom fails to find fat returns from such
sources. These conditions notAvithstanding, it is
still a cold fact that many a A'aluable invention has
been practicallA' stolen from the inventor and the
hulk of rich perquisites gone into the wrong hands.
Manufacturers of specialties are to be found who
have surre])tiouslA' obtained the rig-hts of A'aluable
iuA'entions bA' trading on the business ignorance of
their A'ictims. Sinners of this type can never he
gotten rid of, but it might be possible to draw aline
for the benefit of the aA'erage inA'entor betAA'een the
legitimate and honorable patent broker and tliose
Aviio are simplA' patent-selling fakirs.

How F^rehistoric Pottery Was Made.

What serv'ed people in any line of work before
patents ? Tlie answer is easj' and not to be ques-
tioned. It Avas manual dexteritv' and bodily knack.
I have been looking- up the potter’s Avheel lately and
find that prehistoric potterj' as Avell as that of the
uncivilized Avas made Avithout a Avheel. But thej' all
get around the Avork in making it and produce re-
sults of inarA’ellous SA’mmetrj'. The Ncav Caledo-
nians are Oceanic neg-roes and produce superior
Avare. The potter uses a common Avater worn peb-
ble as his wheel. Upon the Hatter side he sticks a
dab of clay and around this he Avinds a coil of clay,
AA'idening- as he goes and smooths the Avork with his
fingers and a flat stone. The under side of the peb-
ble presents at its apex a small surface to the hard
ground and turns or pivots Avith ease. This is a
natural potter’s Avheel on Avhich the Avorkman turns
his A'essel as he builds it up.

The Nicobar islander gets at the thing in an other
AA'a_A'. The operator seated on the ground places
before her a board on Avhich is laid a ring or hoop of
cocoanut leaves closelj' Avoven. Upon this a shalloAv
dish is set lined Avith a circular piece of plantain
leaf that Avill stick to clay and slip in the dish. A
lump of claj' pressed on this leaf is the bottom of
the vessel Avhich is afterAvards built up by the coil-
ing method. The board, the smooth ring, the leaf
in the dish constitute the potter’s Avheel.

Our oAvn SoutliAA'estern Indian AA’omen Avork on the
bottom of an old pot or basket, or inside of the same.
They begin the coil sometimes at first, at other times
a starting lump is used, but the old pot or basket
are easily turned. The AA'oman at times ev'en Avalks
around her Avork, a genuine case of getting there
though one has to adopt the method of Mohammed.

O. T. M.\son.

Names of Patent Solicitors.

Names and addresses of attorneys practicing- before the
United States Patent Office, carefully compiled by Virginia W.
Middleton, for sale by the Ina'entia'E Age; cloth $1.50; paper $1
Edition limited.

THE INVENTIVE AOE.

NOTES AND NEWS.

Some Facts. — Japan has 39,600 physicians; India
has 25,000 acres in tea ; Europe has 51,801 breweries;
London has 803 postoffices ; Gold fish are of Chinese
origin ; Vanderbilt lias a $2,000 piano stool ; Suez
canal is eighty-eight miles long ; Eg3'pt prohibits
tobacco cultivation ; Paper is made from sunfiower
stalks.

"sf vf

Maj*’iietism. — The discover)' of mag-netism has
never been decided. It is claimed to have been dis-
covered bv the Greeks and it is also asserted that the
Chinese knew of the compass at a much earlier date,
yet to the Greeks we owe the name of this science.
About the year 1600, Dr. Gilbert, first physician to
Queen Elizabeth of Eng’land. published his work,

De Magaiete ” and showed among many other
things that mag-netic attraction was only peculiar
to a few bodies, while electricity was universal.

. ^ .X

A New Use for Dyiiaiuite. -Scientists claim
that engraving by dynamite is within the possibili-
ties of the future. Recently, while a number of army
officers were testing a new dynamite fuse, a small
leaf became lodged upon the iron plate at which they
were firing. After the explosion, the discovery was
made that an exact imprint of the leaf had been
made on the iron plate. Other experiments were
made by placing leaves and flowers between the
cartridges and the plate, each time with the same
success. The most delicate line of the leaf could be
traced on the j)late. Whether this method of en-
graving can ever be made practicable depends on
the reaction wliich takes place in the iron plate after
the explosion has occurred.

* * *

Cryotuse. — A new compound substance of this
name has been discovered by a Gernaan chemist,
which, according to “ Die Natur,” has the remark-
able property of solidifying under the influence of
heat and again becoming liquid at temperatures be-
low freezing" point. It is obtained by mixing equal
parts of phenol, camphor and saponine, to which is
added a rather small quantity of turpentine. This
is the only substance at present known which pos-
sesses the property of liquifying when cold and be-
coming solidified when hot, for, if some substances,
like albumen, hardens at a slightly high temperature
they cannot be brought back ag"ain to the liquid
state, even under the influence of a very low tem-
perature.

* * -X-

A lliiiiibow Show liottlo. — To prepare this,
first ascertain the capacity of the bottle and divide
by 7, to find the volume of liquid required for each
layer. Then take sulphuric acid to begin with, and
tint it blue by the addition of indigo sulphate. For
the next layer use chloroform ; for the third use
glycerine tinted with caramel ; for the fourth, castor
oil colored with alkanet root ; for the fifth, proof
spirit tinted with green aniline ; sixth, cod liv'er oil,
containing one part of oil of turpentine to 99 of the
fish oil ; sev'enth, rectified spirit tinted with violet
aniline. Each of these should be poured in through
a tube, the lower point of which should be directed
against the side of the bottle, so that the liquid may
trickle gently over the surface of the layer below it.
— National Druggist.

w * *

A New Industry. — An industry which promises
to greatly increase in the near future has been started
in Arizona and New Mexico. Some years ago the
discovery was made that the root" of canaigre, a
plant which grew wild in the woods of New Mexico
and Arizona, could be used to advantage in tanning-
leather, Hundreds of tons of this root were dug and
sold. The fact soom became evident that the supply
of canaigre wiis nearly exhausted, Tliejjlan of cui-
tivating the plant 'was then taken up by the farmers
of that section. This crop had proved a success,
and now :nany farmers are planting from 1,000 to
1,200 acres of canaigre. In the Pecos Valley a fac-
tory for making a tanning extract from this root is
being erected. The yield is from ten to fifteen tons
to the acre, and the roots bring the farmers si.x dol-
lars per ton.

* * *

The World’s Steam Power.— These interest-
ing figures are gvien by the Bureau of Statistics in
Berlin. Of the steam engines now working in the
world four-fifths have been constructed during the
last twenty-five years. France has 79,590 stationary
and locomotive boilers, 1,850 boat boilers, and 7,000
locomotives ; Germany, 59,000 land boilers, 1,700
ship boilers, and 10,000 locomotives ; Austria, 12,000
boilers, and 2,800 locomotives. The working steam
engines of the United States represent 7,500,000
horse-power ; of England. 7,000,000 horse-power ;
Germany, J, 500, 000 horse-power ; France, 3,000,000

horse-power ; Austria, 1,500,000 horse-power. This
estimate does not include the loconiotives, whose
number in the world is 105,000, rexjresenting" a total
of 3,000,000 horse-power. The world’s steam engines,
therefore, ag-g-regate more than 26,000,000 horse-
power, equivalent api)roximately to the work of
1,000,000,000 men.

» ¥ vf-

Comparative Strength of 3Iaterials. — Cast-
iron weighs 444 pounds to the cubic foot, and a one-
inch square bar will sustain a weight of 16,500
pounds ; bronze, weight 525 pounds, tenacity 3,600 ;
wroug"ht iron, weight 480, tenacity 50,000 ; hard
“struck” steel, weight 490, tenacity 78,000 ; alum-
inum, weight 168, tenacity 26,000. We are accus-
tomed to tliink of metals as being" stronger than
wood, and so they are, generally speaking, if only
pieces of the same size be tested. But when equal
weights of the two materials are compared, it is then
found that several varieties of wood are stronger
than ordinary steel. A bar of pine just as heavy as
a bar of steel an inch square will hold up 125,000
pounds : the best ash 175,000 pounds, and some hem-
lock 200,000 pounds. Wood is bulky. It occupies
ten or twelve times the space of steel. The best
steel castings made for the United States Navy have
a tenacity of 65,000 to 75,000 pounds to the square
inch. By solidifying" such castings under g-reat
pressure, a tensile streg"th of 80,000 to 150,000 pounds
may be obtained.

* * *

Elevtricjil Smelting". — The new Taussig electri-
cal smelting process, now being" experimented upon
in Germany promises to show advance in this indus-
try. Ore is first reduced and smelted, and then the
metal is cast. Both processes are carried on in a
vacuum, and this insures that the casting" is homo-
geneous, as all bubbles of air or g-as are removed.
Within fifteen minutes after turning" on the current
enough heat can be developed to melt pig iron, and
it takes but little longer to melt steel. One of the
most importatit advantages claimed for the new pro-
cess is that it can be operated entirely by water
power. This give it supreme utility in mountainous
reg'-ions possessing abundant water power but no
coal. Even when steam power is used to generate
the current it gives a thirty to fifty per cent saving
of fuel. F rom 720 to 800 pounds of coal are sufficient
to smelt a ton of iron or steel, where 1,000 to 1,400
pounds are consumed in doing the same work now.
When the steel is treated in crucibles the economy is
grreater. Plants are now being" erected in Europe
and their working"s will be watched with interest by
American smelters, especially those located in the
south, which has numerous waterways.

* » *

Coloring" Scientific Unntcrn Slides.— At a re-
cent meeting of the Royal Society at Dublin, the
President"(Sir Howard Grubb) in the chair. Dr. J.
Alfred Scott described a method he had devised for
coloring lantern slides for scientific or other pur-
poses, apparently referring to photographic slides.
The author e.xplained that a g-elatine surface should
be made wet, and then drained, and when in this
damp condition is in a highly suitable state for re-
ceiving aniline dyes, laid on in aqueous solutions
with a camel's hair pencil, the depth of tint depend-
ing on the streng"th of the solution, and the length
of time it remains on the gelatine surface. He found
that eosine, tartrazin yellow, vesuvin, and indig"o-
carmine were the most suitable dyes, especially as
they could be mixed, and compound colors formed
without chemical decomposition among the “paints.”
With regard to eosine, however, it should be used
stronger than is really required for optical purposes
as it is liable to become reduced in intensity if the
slide be often used. When inks suitable for using"
with a writing pen are wished for. Dr. Scott recom-
mends the aniline color sblutions, with ten per cent
of dextrine, eosine and iodine green being" good for
the purpose, and for black, “encre-noir” made
slightly alkaline with ammonia, and similarly thick-
ened.

Routes and Rates to Winter Resorts.

The B. & O. R. R. Co., has just issued a little book-
let, giving the routes and rates to various winter
resorts in Cuba, Florida, North Carolina, Virg"inia,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Georgia. The infor-
mation is very conveniently arranged and indexed.
Copies can be had by enclosing a two cent stamp to
Clias. O. Scull, Gen’l Pass. Agent, B. & O. R. R.,
Baltimore, Md.

A. F. Purdy, postmaster at Lawrence, Cal., has
invented a recording stamp book that promises to
become a popular adjunct of every postoffice and of
every extensive merchantile establishment. The
book is made of wax paper and stamps pasted
therein, glued only on the marginal blanks, do not
curl or adhere to each other. The book is made in
two sizes, one for use of postmasters and the other
for use of merchantile firms and publishers.

231

To Divide an Angle in Three Equal Parts.

Tlie contribution to the Octolter numljer of tlie
Ln"VKXTI\"K Ar,]-; by Mr. Emil Chrir>tiani. of W."i.sh-
ington. D. C.. accompanied by adiag"ram illu.'^trating
the trisection of an obliijue angle broug"ht forth f r<jm
Miss Jesse Burgster, of Jamestown. N. D.. a criticism
and as she claimed, a .-^imijler solution (jf the pro-
blem. The tw(^ diagrams are presented herewith.
Fig. 1 being" by Mr. Christiani and Fig. 2 being by
Miss Burgster.

The publication of these two contributions has.
awakened wide spread interest in the question and a
few of the criticisms of the alleg"ed solution of the
problem by Mr. Christiani and Miss Burgster are
published herewith.

tV.^SIIINGTON", D. C., Xov. 3, WM.

Editok Inventive Age ;

The proof that Miss Jesse Buryster’s triseclion of au ang"le is
incorrect is as follows ;

111 the same circle equal aii<rles will form eijual cords. Miss
Burg-ster's equal lines (A g" and g hi are forming a straight line
and can never be cords to same circle, consequently the cords
must be different and also the angles q. e. d.

Emil Christi.vm.

PuiLADELPui.t, Pa., Xov. Sth, 1894.
Editor Inventive Age :

In relation to trisection of the angle, it should be e.Kplained
in order that your readers may not be deceived, that Mr. Chris-
tiani's solutiiin is old and does not fulfill the required conditions,
and Miss Burgster's solution is incorrect.

The trisection of the angle must be done with straig"ht edge
and dividers, that is under the two following postulates only ;
First, a straig"ht line niav be drawn between any two points,
second, a circle may be described with anj" radius around any
point as a centre. Mr. Cliristiani's solution recjuires that q. p,
o, be marked on a strip of paper and then the strip of paper be
applied to the figure and moved until it on c. q. p, o ; in
other words the solution depends upon

Miss Burg"ster's solution is erroneous because lines drawn
from the verte-x of a triang^le to equal divisions of the base will
not equally divide the vertical angle. If the angle at B is 45-
the three angles are nut each 15°, as marked, but the middle
angle is about 18° 14' and the others about 13° 23'.

Yours very truly.

John Dolm.vn, Jr.

Bay City, Mich., Xov. 12, 1S94.

Editor I.vventive Age ;

Some friend, or the publishers, forwarded to me a cop.v of the
Xovember Inventive Age, and therein 1 find the proposition
of Jesse Burgster, of Jamestown. X. D.. to trisect an angle.

Kindly permit me to say, though not a subscriber or regular
reader of your journal, that the proposition as published in the
Age does’not trisect the angle, but the “chord "’ subtended by
the radii. To trisect the angle it is necessary" to trisect the
"arc." and not the chord.

Kindly also permit nte to say that if you consider it worth while
I will forward you a solution to this problem, but I have itot
yet a tiemonstration of saitte.

Allow me further to say that a more beautiful solution of the
triseclion of the "chord" of an ang"le may be made, than the one
in (luestion.

Respectfully yours.

A. B. Lennox.

Xew Haven, Conn., Xov. 14. IS'M.

Editor Inventive Age :

I have received in answer to re(iuest for a sample copy the
Xovember issue of your paper. On p. 213 is the absurd method
of dividing an angle in three parts : a child ignorant of the ele-
ments of g"eometry might see that the angle is divided in
three equal parts.

Yours truly,

G. D. Colton.

Hoosick F.ylls, X. Y., Xov. 18, IS'H.
Editor Inventive Age :

Y'our correspondent. Miss Jesse Burgster. whose article on
the division of an angle into three equal ang"les appeared with
the above illustration in the October number of your journal, is
incorrect.

According to the description given, she subtends the equal
sides BA' and BC' of the angel .\BC with the cord A'C'. meas-
ures on the line A'l the equal distances A'd, de and ef, connects
C' and f, draws dg and eh parallel to C'f and Bg and Bit, so
making, as is deciared. the angles A'Bg. gBli and liBC' equal.

Bv this method these divisions of the angle ABC are niani-
fesflv unequal. For, as the lines A'd, de and ef are equal, the
lines’ A'g, gh and hC' are also equal and are the three equal di-
visions of the cord A'C'. Therefore, as equal parts of an arc
measure equal angles, equal jiarts of a cord cannot measure
equal angles, and the angles A'Bg, gBh and liBC' are unecjual
and the angle g"iven has been divided into three equal angles.

As the described method is purely mechanical, unaccompanied
by any demonstration .the Latin expletive, " quod oral dcinou.
strandum." seems to be misused, ^uod crat faciciiduut is correct-

S. D. Locke.

332

THE INVENTIVE AQE.

An Architectural and Engineering Triumph.

(Continued from ist page).

ington Monument, the great white dome of the
Capitol, the majestic Library Building, the White

past the tomb of the “ Father of his Country," at
Mt. Vernon — are points of which the patriotic Ameri-
can never tires and from the tropical resort on the

law. It involves the construction of section 4,887 of
the Revdsed Statutes, as to whether an American
patent expires with any previouslj' granted foreign
patent, or whether it runs for the full term of sev
enteen years from the date of its issuance. In this

that the Bell patents in this country expired with
the foreign patents, will be compelled to retire from
the field. On May 3, 1892, three patents were issued
upon the invention of Thomas A. Rdisoti, to the
Western Union Telegraph Companj', and b_v it trans-
ferred to the Bell Teleplione Company, under the
contract existing between these two compauies.
The three patents cover what is commonly known
as the “ micro]ihone transmitter," and are s broad
that if tlie courts extend the life of these patents, it
is expected that they will cover every commercial
form of telephone.

Present Status of the Panama Canal Enterprise.

The Panama Ctinal was inaugurated ni 1879, and
digging actually commenced in 1881. In March,

1889, work ceased owing to lack of funds. Up to
the stoppage of work in March, 1889, 48,4(10,000 cubic
meters (17.085,200.000 stjuare feet) of earth and rock
had been removed, leaving a balance of 30,000,000
cubic meters to be removed for an eight-lock canal,
as proposed. The total length of the proposed canal
was forty-six and one-third miles, depth, twenty-
tiv^e feet, width at bottom, seventy-two feet, and at
surface of water 124 feet. The following figurc.s
taken from the re^iort presented to tlie President
and Judges of the Court of the Seine, on July 25,

1890, bv the licpiidator, M. Monchicourt, will show
the greatness of the enteri_>rise, etc. ; Total expenses
at I’anama, f.'3 1 .330,937 ($156,654,685) : total expenses
in Paris, £15,628,066 ; purchase of Panama Railwav
shares, £3,730,727 ; payments of the Civil Societ)' of
Obligations for the lottery scheme, £1,290,587 ; ])ay-
ment to the Columbian Government, £98,203 ; total,
£52,078,520 ($260,392,600). It is estimated that the
total loss has been more than $50,000,000, and that,
to complete the work, cjuite $30,000,000 more would
be required.

American Association of Inventors.

The regular annual meeting of the American As-
sociation of Inventors and Manufacturers will be
held in this citv, January 15th, 1895. Reports will
be ])resented by President R. J. Gatling, and the
Committee on Legislation and interesting papers
cm various topics relating to inventions, etc., will
be read and discussed. Among the members who
have recently joined the Association are the follow-
ing well known gentlemen : Judge Robert S. Taylor,
of h'ort Wayne : Francis Forbes, of New York;
Paul Bakewell, of St. Louis ; Ih L. Salmon, of Syra-
cuse : Jose])h D. Gallagher, of Newark : Geo.
Draper, of Af)pedale, Mass., Philij) T. Dodge and
and L. G. Mine, of this city : C. K. Longnecker, of
Painted Post, N. Y.; Harry H. Blades, of Detroit ;
G. H. Schulte, of Milwaukee, and Gen. Asa S.
Bushnell, of Springfield. (Jhio. The coming meet-
ing promises to be the most important of any ever
yet held.

VIEW OF "CAIRO" showing; the steel frame.

House, the famous Lee Mansion at Arlington, across
the placid Potomac — that slowly winds its
way between the hills of Marvland and Virginia,

T. F. SCHNEIDER.

roof of the "Cairo” the panorama of picturesque
Washington is indeed sublime.

The cost of this building approaches $600,000. It
is one of the largest and most conspicuous thoroughly
fireproof building south of New York.

An Important Decision.

The decision of the U. S. Supreme court in the
Bate case is being looked for with a great deal of in-
terest. The case is regarded as one of great impor-
tance as settling a much vexed question in patent

American patent runs its full term of seventeen
j'ears. independent of any foreign patent, other tel-
ephone companies, organized upon the assumption

Inventors will find information in The Inventive
Age, from time to time, worth man3' times the sub-
scription price, $1 a j^ear, postage paid.

decision the Bell telephone people are also greatlv
interested. If the Supreme Court decides tluit an

VIEW FROM ROOF GARDEN OF THE “CAIRO."

THE INVENTIVE AQE.

233

PERTINENT QUERIES.

Examiners of, and Practitioners Before the U. S.
Patent Office.

Should the Patent Office examiners he practical
mechanics ?

Should practitioners be members of the bar ?

These cjuestions are important, for upon them de-
pend larg-ely the right administration of, as well as
the proper presentation of the claims of inven-
tors at the United States Patent Office. The edu-
cated practical mechanic or machine shop examiner,
has an advantage over the educated theoretical ex-
amier, in that he sees and appreciates, at a glance,
on account of his workshop experience, the differ-
ence in the operation between one mechanical device
and another of the same class. He knows its uses
and value, how it is intended to work, whether it will
work in practice and is, or not, a step forward in the
art to which it belongs. The theoretical examiner
is often at a loss to know wherein the utility of a
contrivance lies, because he has had no practical ex-
perience in the machine shop, factory or mill, either
as a lathe user and maker, engine builder and en-
gineer, or in other branches of the practical and
scientific school of mechanism. Very often the
theoretical examiner cannot readily understand me-
chanical drawings, and'is not familiar with machine,
and other shoxi terms, applied to different parts of
machinerx’, and therefore is not only annoyed with
his occupation of Patent Office examiner, but he also
annoys the long experienced, competent jrractitioner
by causing him serious trouble after he has with
great care jjrepared the specifications, claims and
drawings for the application for a patent. It is be-
lieved b}' the writer, who has had more than a third of
a century's experience, thatthe greatest injur}' imag-
inable has been done, and is now being done b}' the
government, to inventors, by failing to put into the
examining corps of the Patent Office, when vacancies
occur, men who have wisdom, and years of experi-
ence from working practically in the machine shop
and factory. The practical mechanic of the present
age, if he has had a good education embracing,
scientific mechanics, would, in the writer’s opinion,
make a far superior examiner of inventions jjre-
sented for patents, at the Patent Office, than a well
educated theoretical mechanic who has not prac-
tically worked u])on and operated machinerv : and,
besides the advantage held by the practical me-
chanic for the reasons stated, he possesses a qualit)’
which is important — that of a fellow feeling for the
inventor as one of the strugg-ling masses of the world
and on the same plane where he has been, and is ready
to appreciate the efforts of his fellow craftsman —
not being exhalted by the idea that he possesses the
fund of all knowledges. A practical mechanic of
good sound judgment and discrimination, and suf-
ficient education of the rig-ht kind will, in most
cases, be ca^jable of disposing of twice as many
cases in a given period, with greater certainty as to
the correctness of his decision, than a merely the-
oreticallv educated examiner. We therefore give
our preference for appointments in the Patent Of-
fice, to wise, discriminating-, practical mechanics,
over theoretical mechanics who, in many instances,
immagine they know every thing while, in fact, for a
want of practical experience, find out, in time, that
they lack a great deal — and only after many years
of experience as examiners in the Patent Office are
able to rise to the hig-h x^lane of the j^ractical, edu-
cated mechanic.

The question may be asked. How can suitable
Iversons for filling the office of examiner of the Pat-
tent Office be secured ? The answer to this is, in the
writer's opinion as follows : Let the U. S. 0-overn-
ment take money from the surplus Patent Office fund
of over four million dollars lying idle in the U. S.
Treasury, and with it erect a building in Washing-
ton and equip it with appliances or plants of every
mechanical trade and art, and admit the most meri-
torious students who graduate from our public high
schools as well as from the public high schools of
other cities, for the purpose of learning a mechani-
cal trade and the applied sciences, such as their
tastes lead them to follow. The writer suggested
this several years ago to Prof. Eaton at the -time he
was at the head of our National Educational Bureau,
in answer to a circular of inquiry, which he sent
in respect to the important question. What is the
best thing to be done for our youth who graduate
from the public schools?

With respect to practitioners before the Patent
Office, usually styled solicitors, attorne3’s, patent
agents and patent counselors, the experience and
practice of the writer have proved that the chief re-
quirement is a scientific and practical mechanical
knowledge, with educational advantages such as fit
them for writing- correctly, and describing the pecul-
iarities of a machine or invention, with a general
knowledge of the principles of law governing the
grant of patents. It does not seem essential or neces-

sary for a patent solicitor to be a g-raduate of a law
school or an admitted member of the bar, for such
persons, by reading the rules of practice of the
Patent Office and the patent laws, and studying
the decisions of the lower and higher courts, in pat-
ent causes, will, if intelligent in an ordinary sense,
become, in a few years, thoroughly versed in the
questions involved in such matters, and can govern
their actions intelligently, in view of such decisions
both in the pre])aration of the si^ecifications and
claims for a patent and prosecuting applications be-
fore the department.

It is a well established fact that reputable persons
known as jratent agents, solicitors, counselors and
attorneys, are far more capable of preparing an ap-
plication for a patent, g-iving opinions as to ques-
tions of patentability, infringement a:id the like
arising in patent practice : and also acting as ex-
Xrerts, than most of the admitted members of the bar,
who do not follow the patent agency or soliciting
profession. This being so, it would seem that there
is no necessity for making the additional require-
ment that practitioners, in order to act before the
Patent Office, be members of the bar ; but
while this is so, it should be insisted that all jsrac-
titioners before the Patent Office shall keep their
records clean, and do full justice to their clients if
they desire to continue practicing before the Patent
Office.

In connection with the foregoing, it is deemed
proper to refer to some recent reforms in the Patent
Office brought about by the Hon. John S. Seymour,
present Comtnissioner of Patents. When Commis-
sioner Seymour entered upon his duties he felt at
once that he had great responsibilitesupon his. hands,
and accordingly acted like a faithful and wise stew-
ard. He first aimed to find out those things which
tended to retard the speedy passing- to issue of ap-
plications for xtatents, when such were of a meritori-
ous nature. One great step in the path of reform
that he took, was to prevent the issue of duplicate
patents, or such jtatents as would not stand the
judicial test ; and to this end he urged Cong-ress to
increase the iruniber of the examining corps, and
while waiting for his prayer to be g-ranted, he sought
to more effectually utilize the services of those
now in employ, and also benefit patentees and their
attorneys. His master stroke in this direction was an
order cutting off the opportunity aft'orded for raising
vexatious, technical objections before passing upon
the merits of the claims set up in the application.
This order was, that an application for a patent
should first be examined on its merits, if possible,
and that all minor matters or frivolous objections
should be made at the same time, or before the pat-
ent was finall}' passed for issue. This order will re-
sult in a saving of about one-third of the time and
labor e.xpended upon an ordinary application for a
patent. It is believed that applications will now be
examined much more rapidly, and thousands of dol-
lars heretofore expended for useless clerical labor
will be sav'ed by this order alone ; and besides this,
counselors of acknowledged reputation will no long-er
be annoyed, for one or more months, by calls upon
them to compl}’ with objections made by officials, and
then, after a full compliance with such unjust de-
mands, be more than disgusted with an acti n on the
merits of the claims in these words, " Your applica-
tion has been examined and all the claims rejected
in view of patents, etc.” Had this last letter been
the first one addressed to the applicant or his attor-
ney, there would have been no necessity for ten or
more letters passing between him and the Office, and
the annoying, useless labor imposed upon the coun-
sel prior to this action, would have been avoided.

Commissioner Seymour, althoug-h a comparatively
young man, has shown a ripe and far reaching mind,
with great energy and earnestness of purpose —
without doubt he possesses qualifications which will
enable him to administer this very important branch
of the government with honor to himself and benefit
to inventors who have been rightly styled ” bene-
factors of their race.” A clear headed, firm, earn-
est, energetic, true and honest man, jjossessing
legal and judicial qualifications is necessary at the
head of the Patent Office, and if Commissioner Sey-
mour proves himself to be possessed of all these, he
will ere long bring the business of the Patent Office
to the hig-h standard that it should alwa3's occujqv,
and a speedv and generous meting out to inventors
of their just and legal rig-hts, will follow, viz : The
grant to them of patents for their meritori(3us in-
ventions or improvements, notwithstanding such in-
ventions or improvements ma}' be but short steps
in advance of those which have preceded them in the
same branches of manufacture, science and art.

One of the most bei-ieficial reforms that could be
brought about, in the writer’s humble opinion, would
be to insist that the primary examiners shall duh’
regard the decisions of the examiners-in-chief on
questions of patentabilit}' and the rules of law gov-
erning the grant of patents. This tribunal was es-
tablished b}' Act of Congress in 1861. Chap. 88, 12.
Statute at large 246, to assist the Commissioner of
Patents in his arduous duties ; to establish uniform-
ity of decision in respect to patentable inventions.
The language of the Act is :

For the purpose of securing greater umiformit}'

of action in the g-rant ;ind refu-.a! of Letter.-, I’atent,”
there shall be appointed three examininer,-- in chief,
to be com]5o,sed of ])ersons of competent lef^al knowl-
edge and scientific ability, whose dut}' it shall be, (jii
the written petition of the ap]fficant for that purpose
being filed, to revise ivnAdetermine X.\\&validily

of decisions made b}' examiners when adverse to the
g'-rant of letters patent ; and also to revise and de-
termine, in like manner, upon the validity of the
cisions of examiners in interference cases, and when
required b}' the Commissioner on application:, for the
extension of patents, and to jjerform such other duties
as ma}' be assigned to them b}- the Commissioner ;
that, from their decisions, appeals ma}' be taken to
the Commissioner of Patents in person ujjon pa}--
ment of the fee hereinafter prescribed ; that the
said examiners-in-chief shall be governed in their
actions b}' the rules prescribed b}' the Commissioner
of Patents.

It will be a bright da}' for the patent S3’stem
when the examiners-in-chief are looked up
to for judicial direction by the examiners of
the Patent Office : the Commissioner of Pat-
ents relieved of appeals from them to himself in
person, and appeals shall lie directl}' from the de-
cisions of the examiners-in-chief to the Appellate
Court of the District of Columbia.

As appeals to the District Appellate Court are
ver}' tedious and be3'ond doubt are now. under the
vaguel}' wordedlaw, unnecessaril}' expensive, it cer-
tainl}' would be a g-ood reform, in the writer’s opinion,
fortlie whole matter as to the grant of patents— both
as to patentabilit}' and interference questions, to be
left for determination b}' theexaminers-in-chief. the
Commissioner of Patents sitting as a member of
such body in any ver}' important case that required
his presence. ' Robt. Yh Fenwick.

One Sided Justice.

According- to a recent decision of the U. S. Supreme
Court, an inventor or patentee whose invention may
be used by the U. S. Government without agreement
or contract, has no claim against the government,
the court holding that “some element of contractual
liability must lie at the foundation of every action,”
i. e., against the government. The amount at issue
in this case was about S60,000, claimed as compensa-
tion for the use by a government architect at the
Capitol grounds of a patented pavement. The decis-
ion may, and probably will, infiueuce the action of
inventors of arms and other patentable devices
which must be submitted to government officials,
because virtually it seems to give such officials the
power to simply adopt and use anything they may
see fit without compensation to the in-v'entor, even
though he have a patent issued by the government
itself giving him the sole rig-ht to manufacture or
sell within the United States. — American Machinest.

The Carnegie Steel Company proposes to build
immense blast furnaces and probably other plants
in connection with their Duquesne mill. The con-
struction will involve an expenditure of nearly
$1,000,000. This is accepted by Age of Steel, as a
sig-nificant indication of how the wind is blowing in
business calculations of the future.

Particul.\k attention is called to the large list of
novelties advertised in this issue. Many of these
are especially useful and desirable and are offered
to readers of The Inventive Age at remarkably
low prices. The Inventive Age will be sent free for
one year to any person purchasing $5 worth of these
novelties.

Tne accession of Denmark to the International
Union for the Protection of Industrial Property is
ofticiallv announced. This accession, which took
place October 1, 1894, includes the Faroe Islands,
but neither Iceland, Greenland, nor the Danish IVest
Indies.

The business of Messrs. Platt Bros., manufac-
turers of .cotton machinery, at Oldham, England,
was established over seventy-five years ago. The
works occupy fifty-five acres of g-round and give
employment to over 9,000 men.

Next month The Inventive Age enters upon its
sixth year with a new volume. Y'e are proud of the
success it has achieved during- the past year and the
favor it has gained with inventors and manufac-
turers throughout the world.

We can recommend the new Climax $2 watch, ad-
vertised in another column, as a good time-keeper,
handsome in appearance, durable and the g-reatest
bargin ever offered in watches.

The Inventive Age has made arrangements with
Bubier’s Popular Electrician, whereby it can fur-
nish both The Inventive Age and Electrician one
year for $1.50.

M. Ch. V. Lenger has produced minature cyclones
by passing electric discharges through gases. All
the phenoniena of the cyclone are reproduced on a
small scale.

234

THB inventive: AGE.

High Speed Electric Swing Cranes.

The illustration presented herewith shows an in-
terior view of the foundry of the Baldwin L/Oconio-
tive Works, to the equipment of which three of the
latest and most improved forms of high speed elec-
tric power jib cranes, designed and constructed b}'
Wm. Sellers & Co., Incorporated, Philadelphia, have
recently been added. The photograph — an exceed-
ingly fine one — was made by INIr. Charles Truscott
and has been well reproduced, directl3' from the
negative bj' the Pevytj'pe Co., Philadelphia.

The picture shows in the fore-ground an electric
• jib crane of 10 tons capacity', having an effective
radius of 21)4 feet, two hoisting speeds of 10 and 40
feet respective!}' per minute, racking sj^eed of car-
riage 35 feet per minute, and making one complete
rotation of the jib per minute, all these movements
being actuated by one constant speed electric motor
and controlled bj’ one operator
standing on a platform near
the floor, b}’ means of the hand
levers.

Thi.^ novel swing crane differs
as great!}' in appearance, con-
struction and operation, from the
slow-moving old time wooden
crane as the modern high speed
trolley car differs from its prede-
cessor.

The frame work is constructed
of wrought iron, is both light
and strong, and is able to with-
stand the torsional strains due to
rajjid rotation of the load, and it
will be noticed that in addition
to the advantages of high speed,
the load can be handled much
closer to the axis of rotation than
is possible with the older form of
construction.

The illustration shows a du])!!-
cate crane in the middle ground
in course of erection and in the
background the frame work of
another similar crane resting
upon the floor.

The substitution of electric
motors for steam or other power
for operating both “jib” and
“overhead traveling cranes,”
with radical changes and im-
provements in the details of con-
struction have practically revolu-
tionized the system ofhandling
heavy materials used in engineer-
ing constructions, so that, while
the crane is, in principle, one of
the oldest of mechanical devices,
its modern development amounts
practically to a re-creation, en-
titling it to consideration in this
paper as one of the great inven-
tions, taking high rank among
the mechanical achievements of
modern times.

Tempering Steel.

Prof. F. W. Wild, instructor in the metal dejiart-
rnent of the house of refuse, Baltimore, has this to
say upon this interesting' subject iu the Sewing Ma-
chine Times :

If you heat a piece of bright steel over a clear fire
that will not smoke it, you will see several colors
arise as its gets hotter and hottet until it finally be-
comes red. These colors are due to oxidation. This
is a word that I will stop to explain :

The air we breathe contains t-^vo gases — oxygen
and nitrogen, with a small proportion of a third,
called carbonic acid. Neither of those alone will
support life or keep the fire burning or enable vege-
tables to live or grow, but it is the first — oxygen,
which is important in this, that it is the chief sup-
port. The second — nitrogen, only serves to dilute
the other, rendering it less strong. If we breathed
oxygen alone, we should live too fast and wear out
our bodies in a few hours. If we breathed nitrogen

only, we should die. and so of carbonic acid gas.

Now, this oxygen seizes on everything in a won-
derful and sometimes provoking manner. If you
leave a bright tool out of door to g-et damp, down
comes oxygen and rusts it. It combines with the
iron and makes oxide of iron, which we call rust.
Then, you have noticed, when working at the forge,
that scales fall from the hot iron as we hammer it.
These are black, but our old friend has been at work
and united with the red hot iron and formed another
oxide called black oxide. When we begin to heat
steel down comes the oxygen and does his work ;
first pale, then yellow, then it gets hotter and shows
a tinge of red with its yellow forming orange, then
it begins to get purple, then blue, then deeper blue,
and finally black, before it grets absolutely red and
white heat.

Now, to temper steel, we first heat it red hot. not
minding these colors, then we cool it suddenly in
cold water. This renders it very hard indeed : no
file will cut it, or drill penetrate it : but if we strike

it, behold it breaks like g'lass ! This is too hard for
a t(jol for general work, for the edge will clip and
break if it meets with any hard spots in the metal
or chances to bite in too deep. It is too brittle. For
this reason we have to let down or temper the rool,
and we ]n‘oceed as follows : The part to be tempered
is brightened on a stone or an emory st-'k and laid
on a bar of red hot iron or heated in a / way most
suitable or convenient. And now our friend oxygen
puts on a pale yellow. This will do for turning steel
and iron, but is still too hard for general work.
Then comes the orange, and this presently turns
slightly to blue, at which point it is instantly cooled
in water. Now it will be found to bear a good edge,
hard, but sufficiently tough for work.

Most tools are let down between the yellow and
the blue for metal work, and the nearer they ap-
proach the blue the softer they will be. Thus, by
observing the colors, we can easily manage our tools.
In hardening and tempering tools that have metal
enough to impart sufficient heat to give it the de-
sired temper, the point alone is dipped in cold water
until quite cool, then brightened as described above,
then let the heat back of the hardened part come
down until the edge has the desired temper.

A New Project.

When the mercury drops 20, 30 or 40 degrees in a
single day, as it frequently does in our higher lati-
tudes, the result is not only detrimental to the com-
fort of man, but it involves his health and his life
in countless cases. The poorer classes dread the
appearance of winter as they would the approach of
a plague. It meatis a period of sharp suffering for
them, unless they can afford the increased expendi-
ture for fuel and clothing; that it creates, and if they
cannot meet this extra drain upon their pitiful
resources, it only owo often means disease and death.

This being the case, and any measure that will
modify the desperate rigor of the winter atmosphere,
even in limited localities, would be hailed as one of
the greatest boons that could be g-iven to the world.

But is any measure of this kind practicable? I
hold that it is. If a city, town or vilhig'e can be
lighted by gas through the medium of mains, why
cannot it be heated through simi-
lar channels, and why cannot
this heat be carried through
sub-tubes into every house, just
as light and water are carried
now?

This is a question that inven-
tors are begijining to discuss,
and I believe that its feasibility
will be demonstrated before the
sunset of this century, and dem-
onstrated to an extent that will
enhance the welfare of humanity
in a myriad of ways. I hold that
the time is close at hand when
homes and business places of
the [leople will be made more
comfortable by this proposed
method. This scheme would
prove a blessing to mankind.

It may lie objected that the
cost of maintaing the furnaces
that supplied the lieat would be
tremendous. It would ; but the
consequent tax upon the individ-
ual would be less than the sum
he pays for his fuel under the
present old fogy system of warm-
ing himself and his family, and
he would have the sweet
satisfaction of knowing that
while he was contributing to his
own comfort and convenience, he
was sharing the genial warmth
with thousands of his fellows
who are huddled in the garrets
and cellars of our land today,
quivering- with cold, and yield-
ing to the ravages of disease that
it implants.

Much is doing in the forward
march of humanity to alleviate
the jiangs of poverty; but much
must still be done. The devil
of cold must be driv'en out of the
huts and hovels of the miserable
multitudes who have been lost in
the shuffle of fortune, and what
better plan can be proposed than
the one that I present in this
monog-raph.

I trust that professional inven-
tors will take up this subject and
discuss it in all its details. They
may suggest better systems than
the one herein proposed, looking
to the same general end, but it
is a matter that should be given
immediate consideration, earnest
and active investigation in all its bearings, and,
by a united efl'ort, I feel confident they can force the
reform to the front and crow'n it with a deathless
triumph before the sunburst of the XXth century
floods the world with its splendor.

Wir.i, Hubb.\rd-Kernan.

Peculiar Locomotives.

The Baldwin Focomotive Works has turned out
three locomotives for the Erie & Wyoming Valley
Railroad, which have some peculiar features. They
are moguls, with 56-inch drivers, wide fire-box (not
Wooten), and weigh about 120,000 pounds. The pe-
culiar features are the three 17 by 24 inch cylinders,
set on an incline, so as to allow the middle one to
drive the main axle just inside the right driver, all
being connected at 120°, so as to have a continuous
pull, deemed necessary by the master mechanic, Mr.
John B. Smith, of Dunmore, Penn., on account of
the heavy grades on the road. The tank is also pe-
cular to American roads, and is the same as that
adopted by Daniel Coxe, Jr., of the D. S. & S. R. R.,
being a six'-wheel tank similar to English practice.
— Mach inery.

ELECTRIC StVIXGINc; CRANE IN BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS.

235

THK INVENTIVH AOK.

SCIENCE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE.

• ••••••

Conducted by E. P. Lewis.

The energ'y or work that we obtain from a g'al-
vanic battery is produced in exacth' the same way
as that which we g-et by burning coal in a steam en-
gine, though the resulting effect is somewhat differ-
ent. What we call combustion is the chemical union
of oxYi^'en gas with the substance burnt, and you
can easily prove that combustion can no more go on
without the presence of oxygen, than our lungs can
do without it — in fact our own muscular energj' is
directly and solely due to the slow combustion of
the food that we eat by the oxygen of tho air that
we breathe. If you place a candle under a bell jar,
in a few minutes all the oxygen will be burnt up,
and the candle will go out.

In a galvanic cell the current is caused by the
oxygen in the acidulated water uniting witli the
negative plate and forming a chemical compound.
For instance, in a Daniell cell the zinc becomes oxi-
dized, or burnt very much as we burn coal, with the
difference that electrical instead of heat energy is
the result. It would be very expensive, however, to
do our work b}" burning- zinc, for it costs so much as
compared with coal that, notwithstanding- the great
waste of energy in the steam engine, it is cheaper
to g-et our electricity from dynamos run bj" the lat-
ter.

» »

In utilizing the energy of coal by using it as a
fuel we loose at least 90 per cent. If we could use
coal as the negative electrode of a galvanic cell, sur-
rounded bj' some fluid that would oxidize it, we could
use over 90 per cent. You can see, then, what for-
tune and fame will be the reward of the man who
discovers the battery fluid that will do this. Edison
and many other inventors are cudgeling their brains
over this problem, but so far no one seems to have
the clue to the secret which will enable us to get more
than ten times as much worth out of a pound of coal
as we now do.

* * *

The etheral waves which transmit light, heat and
electricity, are all alike except as to their leng-th.
We are accustomed to regard only a few substances,
such as glass, as transparent, but as a fact, there
are few substances except the metals which are not
almost perfectly transparent to certain kinds of
these waves. Even metals in thin sheets are partU"
transparent to short waves. Heat waves just a lit-
tle longer than the waves of red lig-ht, will easily
pass through ebonite, which is perfectly opaque to
the shorter light waves, Eonger waves will pass
through thick boards, pitch, sulphur, etc,, while the
longest electrical waves will pass without difficulty
through houses and thick stone walls, though they
are rellected from the thinnest sheet of metal,

* * *

A substance may be opaque to these waves in two
distinct ways. It may absorb them or it may reflect
them, A surface covered with lamp black will en-
tirel3' absorb light waves, reflecting none and trans-
mitting none. Polished silver will perfect!}' reflect
them. When the molecules of a certain substance
are of such a size that they will vibrate in exactl}'
the same time as a lig-ht wave, the latter will impart
its motion to the molecules and itself cease to exist,
we then saj' that it is absorbed. In just the same
waj', ships will be set rolling violentlj' b_v waves of
certain length, while others will affect them ver}'
slightlv.

* * *

It is to the manner in which different colors are
absorbed or reflected b}' a bodv that its color is due.
If white light falls upon a red rose bush, the red
alone is reflected from the flower, the other colors
being absorbed. The green leaves, on the other
hand, absorb the red entireh’, and reflect nearlj' all
the green light. A rose in green light or a leaf in
red light would appear absolute!}' black, for in each
case the light which the object can reflect is absent.
* * *

Some substances, like red ink made from aniline
dyes, appear of different colors, according- to whether
the light you see them by passes through or is re-
flected from them. The lig-ht reflected from the ink
will be green, while that passing through it is red,

■jf *X’ w

Did you never wonder why meteors shine so
brightly ? Where do they get their heat and light ?
If it were not for the earth’s atmosphere we should
never see these meteors. Out in distant space they
are cold — probably much colder than anything on
the earth. When they strike the upper limit of the
earth's atmosphere, tliey. are g-oing very fast, 40 or
50 miles a second perhaps. The air is very much

rarefied so high above the earth, but still there is
enough to heat these meteors white hot by its fric-
tion against them. Most of the meteors never reacli
the earth, as the heat is so intense that the smaller
ones are turned to vapor. Those that reach the
earth are always jiartly melted, as you will see in
specimens kept in museums,

* *

W’here do these meteors come from ? We hav'e
every reason to believe that most of them are frag-
ments of comets. Whenever the earth crosses the
orbit of a comet, meteoric showers are seen, and it is
interesting to know that the meteors that have been
found are all composed of materials found on the
earth, generally iron. It seems very certain that
all the planets and stars are made of the same ma-
terials as the earth,

■» * *

The observations of meteors give us the best idea
of how high the atmosphere extends. If a very
bright meteor is observed at the same instant at
both Boston and New Orleans for instance, it is easy
to calculate from the distance between the two
places and the directions in which it was seen, how
high above the earth’s surface it was, and we know
that the atmosphere must extend at least that far in
order to make the meteor visible.

A New Electric Locomotive.

There is an electric locomotive in course of con-
struction in Boston, Mass., which promises to meet
all the requirements for propelling railroad trains.
It is an eight horse-power machine and is unique.
The distinctive feature of the invention, says the
Boston Transcript, is the substitution of a piston
and cylinder in place of the usual rotary power.
The cylinder is much longer than for steam purposes,
and has in its interior a series of magnets. The
piston passes entirely through the cylinder, with
cross-heads at either end. On the piston within the
cylinder is a series of armatures of peculiar con-
struction.

On the axle of the driving wheels are commuta-
tors whose function is to apply and cut off the elec-
tric current, just as the eccentrics control the steam
of a steam engine. The principle of the machine is
tlie admission of the current to the magnets in the
cylinder, which are in advance of the piston rod, and
by their action on the armatures the piston rod is
moved forward. As the stroke is ended the current
is cut off from the magnets first charged and applied
to those at the rear of the ])iston, giving it a reverse
motion, thus maintaining a strong, regular motion.
There is absolutely no back pressure from the elec-
tric current, while in a rotary motor this is estimated
at 20 per cent of the force applied.

It is practicable to run the machine at 200 revolu-
tions of the axle per minute, and with a driving
wheel 8>4 feet in diameter, and the crank pin 3 feet
from the center, there would be a 6 foot stroke under
a full head of power. The machine is adapted to re-
ceive the electric current either by a trolley wire, a
third rail in the track or from a storage battery, —
Street Raihvay News.

Electricity in Steel Rail Mills.

It is reported that in 1891 a young French elec-
trician, passing through Carnegie’s great steel rail
plant at Braddock, Pa,, casually suggested that
electricity could be utilized in operating the widely
separated pieces of machinery, at a great saving in
cost. K few weeks ag-o Mr. Carnegie retu’-ned from
Europe and, visiting- the plant for the first time in
over two years, witnessed a verification of the
Frenchman’s prediction. Electricity has made it
possible for eig-ht to do the work 300 did in 1891.
One of the improvements is called a “ soaking- pit.”
Each “soaking'- pit” takes the place of ten relu^siting
furnaces. The jiits will revolutionize the steel rail
business. Electric cranes, the first in the world,
will lift the bloomsoutof the “soaking- pits.” From
Braddock Mr. Carnegie went to Homestead, where
he learned that he is the owner of the largest bloom
mill in the world, AVhen he was told that one year’s
output if rolled into a shaft 5 feet in diameter would
make a column twenty-five miles high, he said ;
“How wonderful !” He saw a 25-inch beam weigh-
ing 100 pounds to the foot cut in two in twelve sec-
onds by a saw which has no teeth, but the circumfer-
ence of which travels at the rate of six miles per
minute.

A Novel Small Firearm.

A new weapon, likely to revolutionize army equip-
ments, is now receiving- the attention of the naval
small-arms board. It is the invention of an Ameri-
can, Hug-o Burchard, now' in Berlin. It is said to be
the only small w'eapon in w'hich smokeless pow'der
may be successfully used. It is after the style of the
Maxim mitrailleuse, being automatic in action,
receiving its ability to load and extract empty shells
from the recoil of the shot. It is claimed to be the
only small w'eapon capable of doing this continually.
In the exhibition 100 rounds w'ere fired without a

hitch. The exhibitor fired twentv-four .-.hot.-, in 43
seconds at a rang-e of 110 feet and all were hit>. It
W'eig-fis 12 pound 12 S ounces and is 11 im-lies in
length. Tlie grip is jilaced at the center of g-ravity.
giving a steadier tire. Throug-h it run., a mag-azim-
capable of holding eig-ht cartridges with ni(-kle
jacketed bullets of 7.05 millimeters, about the same
caliber as the navy revolver of the ju'esent day. It
has g-reat penetration and effective range of about
5(10 meters. A lig-ht adjustable stock may be affixed,
making, for all practicable purpo.ses. a carbine for
cavalry.

Gear Generating Device.

E. C Dickinsim, of Ames, Iowa, submits the fol-
lowing illustrations and description of an in.strument
for g-enerating epicycloidal and hypocycloidal curves
for gear teeth. The attention of such well recog-
nized authorities as Prof. Robinson, of the Ohio
State University, and Oscar J. Beal, of the Brown
& Sharpe Manufacturing- Comp.'iny, has been called
to the proposed method and engine, and the IxvKX-
Tivij Age w'ould be pleased to hear from Ambrose
Sw'asey, of Cleveland, and Hug-o Bilg-rim. of Phila-
delphia, upon the subject. Prof. Robinson and ISIr.
Beal have pronounced it an ing-enious affair with the
probability that it could be successfully used in lay-
ing out the curves for large W'ooden g-ears. but of
doubtful utility for small iron gears requiring cutters.

The instrument consists of a vertical standard
(A), having- a broad base and a needle point iC) in
the center. On this standard rests a boxing- w'hich
receives the headed end of a g-raduated rod (a) square
in section, or round and having- a keyw'ay. The
boxing- permits the rod to turn about i-ts axis, and

also to revolve in a horizontal plane about the axis
of the needle (c). On this rod is slipped a wheel (b)
W'hich is one inch in radius, and has a milled rim. it
can be placed at any distance from the center (c) and
fastened by means of a set screw.

Next casting- B is slipped on the rod. This piece
furnishes bearings for two bevel gears — one on the
rod and facing the center, the other facing- dow-n-
w-ard and turning'- a vertical shaft (d) on w'hich is
fastened a graduated arm (e). On this arm is placed
a j-iencil holder (s) w'hich reaches dow'ii to the plane
of the needle point and the rim of the wheel. The
casting also has a broad foot (k) w'hich keeps the in-
strument in an uprig-ht position, and a collar bear-
ing (f) by which the casting- can be set at any posi-
tion on the rod.

For generating epicycloidal curves, place (c)
(Fig-. 2) in the center of the pitch circle : se-t the pen-
cil out on the arm (e), a distance equal to the radius

of the describing- circle, turn the arm in-ward until
the pencil is under the rod (a) and on the circumfer-
ence of the pitch circle them set the casting-.

Now, for setting the driving w'heel (b), w'e must
find a circle about (c) on w-hich (b) w'ill make the
same number of revolutions in traveling its circum-
ference as the generating circle W'ould make in
traveling the circumference of the pitch circle.

Thus, if the describing- circle is 3 inch radius and
the pitch circle is 6 inch radius, by proportion 3; 6: 1::2:
or (b) W'ould have to be set 2 inches from the center (c)
in order to give the pencil the same motion as if it
W'ere a point on the describing- circle. Tlien bv hold-
ing- the center at (c) and drawing the casting- in
either direction around the pitch circle, the two
epicycloidal curves for a tooth may be generated

For g-enerating- hypocycloidal curves it is neces-
sary to turn the casting- end for end on the rod so as
to give the right motion to the pencil : then turning
the pencil outward from the center, and placing it on
the pitch circle, the two hypocycloidal curves for a
tootli may be g-enerated.

By means of the g-raduated arm and rod. curves
may be generated for any sized generating and any
sized pitch circle w'ithin thelimitsof the instrument.
For very small g-ear.s' in w'hich the driving w'heel and
the casting' B w'ill interfere, the w'heel maybe placed
on the opposite side of the center (c) and the gears
reversed.

THB INVENTIVE^ AOE:

^36

THE BATE CASE.

The Supreme Court Will Decide an Interesting
Point in Patent Law.

While under the international patent law the
Edison incandescent lamp patent expired on the 17th
ult., still there is a possibility of an extension of its
life being given b3' the decision of the U. S. Supreme
Court in the celebrated Bate refrigerator case, the
announcement of which may be expected soon. The
fight is really between the two great companies —
General Electric and Westinghouse. It is well under-
stood that the case of Bate Refrigerating Co., I'S.
Ferdinand Sulzberg, is simpE^ a cover to the real
prize at stake — a franchise so valuable as to be worth
something' over |il,000,000 for the coming two 3'ears
if the court decision is favorable. The American
patent on the Edison lamp, held bv tlie General
Electric company, was brought to an end b3^ the
expiration of the Canadian patent — as the law gov-
erning' the life of patents is now interpreted. B3'
means of this simple Bate suit the General Electric
is striving to secure a decision that this view of the
law is all wrong. If the court so decides, then a
number of small factories which have begun the
manufacture of the incandescent lamps must cease
operation, but more particular^' the Westinghouse
Electric compan3', the g-reat rival of the General,
must do likewise.

Ever since the manufacture of electrical appliances
has been established there has been more or less liti-
gation between the different establishments over
the validity of patents. But most of these suits sink
into a sec(.)nd place when compared with the long'
fight between the General Electric and Westinghouse
com])anies over the incandescetit lam]). The incan-
descent lamp manufactured b3' the General conipan3'
was patented by . Edison. The Westinghouse com-
panv has turned out thousands of lamps claimed to
be infring-ements. Desperation was added to the
tight long ago by the knowledg'e the Edison ])atent
must soon ex])ire under the law as interpreted u]) to
this time bv the United States Circuit Court, that
is, with the expiration of the shortest foreign pat-
ent. This was the Canadian jiatent, which, as said,
expired. The General compan3' does not employ
expensive counsel for nothing and the latter quickU'
formed the plan of securing a decision from the
hig'hest court in the land as to what does constitute
the life of a patent. It was deemed best not to go
into court as the General Electric company, so
search was made for a case inv'olving' the question
it was desired to have adjudicated. In the history
of the Bate Refrigerating' compan3' patent the
necessary elements were found.

In the case of this company patents granted in
the United States were suj)posed to have expired on
the date of the legal death of the first foreig'n pat-
ent. Sulzberg, who had made use of the a])pli-
ance of the refrigerating' comi)an3’ soon after the
ex])iration, was sued for infritigement. On behalf
of the refrigerating compan3' it was contended if the
ap]ilication for a United States patent is filed before
anv foreign patent issues the foreign patent applied
for or issued subsequently, no matter what its term
mav be, does not limit the life of the American ])at-
ent.

The decisions of the Circuit Courts of the United
States have been to the contrar3' and to the effect if
the American patent goes to issue after a foreign
patent has issued so as to be effective in the foreign
countr3', the term of the American patent subse-
quentU' granted will expire with the xjrior foreign
patent. But the Supreme Court has never passed on
the question. The case was rapidh’ pushed through
the |ireliminar3' hearings, g'uidedb3' James C. Carter
and C. E. Mitchell for the Refrig-erating com])anv,
and Wheeler H. Peckham, Edward Wetmore and
L. E. Curtis for the butcher.

Mr. Carter in his argument comjjared the acts of
1836, of 1839, and of 1870 with Sec. 4,887 of the
Revised .Statutes and dwelt at length on the inten-
tion of Congress in the enactment of these statutes.
He contended for a liberal rather than a literal inter-
pretation of the law iji the case and argued a system
which, between individuals would offer a reward for
a service and then abridg'e it for such reasons as
those contended for in the present case, would be
dishonest. He contended it was preposterous for the
government to impose the penalty of the loss of the
three most useful 3'ears of an American patent
because a foreign government had been more expedi-
tious in g-ranting a patent, when the fault for this
dela3' rested with the American Government itself.
To protect his patent abroad the inventor applied
for a foreign patent, and in doing so cannot well
imag-ine. if the foreign patent should be issued in
advance of his American patent, his rights in his
own countr3' will be abridged or any damage would
arise to his interests. Previous to 1876, svhen Mr.
Bate applied for his patent, Mr. Carter claimed no
hostilit3' had ever been shown by our patent S3'stem
to the obtaining of patents abroad. On the contrary,
that practice, while never disfavored, had been dis-

tinctly encouraged since 1836 by our law, both
because it furnished an additional stimulus to inven-
tion and ])revented disadvantag-e to American users
which come from their being under the burden of a
ro3'alt3' when the foreign users are exempted from
it. A whole generation, he said, has become used to
the fact that after a man had made a petition for an
American patent his rights were safe except through
acts of his own.

Agricultural Implement flakers.

The National Association of Agricultural Imple-
ment and Vehicle Manufacturers recently convened
at Chicago, represented one of the most important
industries of the countr3'. In no other land as in
this has the inventive genius of man done so much
in the devising and perfecting of the im])lements of
agriculture. We have progressed from the primi-
tive Hail to the ideal threshing machine, from the
sc3'the to the reaper, and from the slow and stolid
colonial ])low to the magnificent tickler of the soil
that doubles its furrows with the modern plowman
riding' proudly behind his team. In our rapid annex-
ation of states and territories the plow has made the
wilderness a garden, and the bearded wheat and
tasselled corn have spread like seas of green, where
the sun for centuries shone on solitudes of timber,
wild grass and desert. In this swift and unceasing'
march of development the crude atid slower methods
of older countries are compatible with the urgency
of the situation. More had to be done in less time,
and farming' districts as large as ancietit kingdoms
demanded better and quicker working tools. To
this necessit3' native genius has been in response,
and in ing'enious labor-saving appliances we are
confessedly in leadership. In the agricultural im-
plement manufacturer we have the representation
of a vital and simpH' prodig'ious industr3'. This in-
dustr3', with its collateral branches, absorbs the
investment of millions of capital, gives em])lo3'ment
to more than 500, 000 men, and provides the means
of subsistence to more than 2,000,000 of the popula-
tion.— 0/ Steel.

The News of the flonth.

The principal event of the past month was the election on
Nov. (>th, which resulted in an overwhelniingr victor.v for the
Republicans. It was the greatest political laiulside in manj’
years and in some respects the most remarkable election in the
history of the country. The Democratic majority of $2 in the
present House of Representatives was wiped out and the unpre-
cedented Republican majoritA' of 134 will characterize the meet-
ing of the next Congress. The Republicans will have solid del-
egations from 10 States and majority delegations from 10 other
States. The control of the senate will, it is thought, depend
upon the senators from Utah, Arizona and New Mexico — a

decidedly Republican outlook The defeat of Tammany in

New York and the adoption of all the new slate constitutional
amendments and the Greater New York proposition areenijiire

state victories in which the wholecounlry rejoices Another

government bond issue of $30,000.(XH) was successfully negotiated

The death of the Czar of Russia on Nov. 1st, was the all-

absorbing European eventoutside of the Japan-China war. The
new Czar, Nicholas II, entered upon his responsibilities without
friction and on the 26th was married to Princes Alix Sev-

eral important Japanese victories were reported, the most im-
portant being the capture of Port Arthur. It is now believed
that terms of peace will be proposed by China and accepted by
the victorious Japs.

Those Rascally Patent Agents.

The Inventive Age, of Washington, D. C., being at ‘'the seat
of war," and thrice armed like one whose cause is just, is wag-
ing a a relentless contlict with the swindling patent agencies
and in behalf of the honest inventor and owners of patents.
The rascally patent agent and broker like his brother the
swindling pension agent and broker, is a festering nuisance,
and should be driven out of the capital of the nation. To that
purpose the Inventive Age is committed, and should succeed.
— .y/co/t’.

An electric submarine detector has lately been
successfully tried in finding a Russian man-of-war
sunk in the Gulf of Finland. The vessel was found
in 30 fathoms of water. The principle is that of
Hughes induction balance. A telephone in the
searching' vessels was connected with a searching'
electric appliance that trailed on the bottom of the
water. As soon as it came near the mass of metal
the indicator made a loud noise. Divers were then
sent down at the spot indicated and found her.

The Inventive Age, of Washington, is at present
making' a special feature of the exposure of the
fraudulent methods of certain patent agents and
patent brokers. It is a useful work and ought to do
good, but after all is it not possible to boil the mat-
ter all down into the simple, common sense business
rule never to pay money to strangers without hav-
ing in hand a return for it, or making a rig'id and
thorough examination of standing, reliability, etc ?
— American Machinist.

Consue-Gener.A-E Pratt writes from Singapore,
that he recentl3' wittiesseda new and economical pro-
cess for the extraction of the fiber of the ramie plant,
b3' simple chemical means and heat. After remaining
in the solution about forty minutes a mass of fiber
was produced entirely free from gum or other dele-
terious ingredients. A sample has been submitted
to the Agricultural Department of the United States
for investigation.

Books and ITagazines.

The third edition of Dr. Norman Kerr’s celebrated
work, “Inebriety or Narcomania: its Etiology,
Pathology, Treatment and Jurisprudence,” will be
published on the 26th inst., by J. Selwin Tait & Sons,
under the special authorization of Dr. Kerr. The
new edition contains 317 additional pages, and dis-
cusses alcoholism and all kindred forms of intoxica-
tion, whether morphinomania, cannabinomania,
ethoromania, chlorofornioniania, opiumisn, the has-
chisch habit, etc., and their treatment.

The show of distinguished beaut3', transfixed by
famous artists, which is now taking place at the
Academ3' of Fine Arts in New York, has been antici-
pated 1)3' The Cosmopolitan Magazine in its Novem-
ber issue, in an article by Win. A. Coffin, with illus-
trations of some of the more beautiful faces. The
“Great Passions of Histor3' ” series has for this
month’s subject the romantic career of Agnes Sorel,
who intluenced the destinies of France under Charles
VH. “The Art Schools of America,” “ The Great
British Northwest Territory,” “The Chiefs of the
American Press,” and the “I’ublic Librar3' Move-
ment,” are amongst The Cosmopolitan’s table of
contents.

^ *

J. Selwin Tait & Sons i)ublish a novel by a new
author, Iona Oakle3' Gorham. The title of the book
is, “Naval Cadet Gorham’s Glove.”

* * *

Mr. Nelson W. Perry, E. M., has begun a note-
worthy series of articles which will appear from
week to week in Electricity, New York. The first
two numbers are already issued, and include “The
Water-pail Forge and Its Modifications ” and
“Siieaking- Along a Ray of Eight.” It is announced
that this series will constitute a prominent feature
of the ])aper for man3' weeks to come, and include
many of the wonderful applications of electricity in
the arts not common^' understood by the people.

* * *

A fresh addition to the “Pseudonym Series” of J.
Selwin Tait & Sons is announced in the form of a
new work of fiction by John Strange Winter, en-
titled the “Stranger Woman.”

* » *

“ Industrial Agreements and Conciliation” are
the topics treated b3’ the Hon. C. C. Kingston,
Premier of South Australia, in the December Re-
view of Reviews This magazine is publishing a
series of articles b3' leading Australian statesmen on
questions of immediate interest to American read-
ers.

* » *

Persons interested in the progress of fl3fing ma-
chines will find the new department in Forney’s
American Engineer and Railroad Journal, on aero-
nautics, an interesting feature of this magazine.

* -x-

One of the most interesting magazines that comes
to our Review Table is the Indian Textile Journal,
published at Bombay, India. It is handsomely
printed and well edited. Its advertising columns,
as well as its reading pages, attest the wonderful
development of textile manufacturers in that distant
country.

* * *

The suberb t3'pographical appearance of Camp-
bell’s Illustrated MonthE', Chicago, and the excel-
lence of its illustrations, entitles this magazine to
the highest consideration. The publishers announce
that until January 1st subscriptions will be received
at half price, $1.50. It is certainly one of the hand-
somest illustrated magazines published.

Thomas J. Cee.a.vek of Chesapeake City, Md.,is the
inventor of a steam separator that has been tested
and pronounced very efficient and practical. It is
especially valuable where non-condensing engines
are used. For cleanliness in preventing water from
going out of the exhaust pipe, mixing with smoke
and cinders and falling upon the decks of steamers,
the invention is also a perfect success.

As an illustration of the effect of marine and veg-
etable growths that attach themselves to the hulls
of naval vessels, especially in tropical waters, the
commander of “ Bennington” reports that that ves-
sel, with a clean hull, steamed from Acapulco to Ea
Eibertad, 675 miles, at the rate of 7.85 knots an hour
on a coal consumption of 67 tons. Two months later
she ran back, 688 miles, at only 6.2 knots per hour,
and consumed 129 tons of coal, the excess being due
entirely to the fact that she had to drag through the
water a vast accumulation of marine growths which
there was no means of clearing off without docking
the ship. A fortune awaits the inventor or discov-
erer of some means to protect the bottom of ships
from marine growths.

THE INVENTIVE ^QE

^37

Advertisements inserted in this column for 20
cents a line {about 7 words) each insertion.
Every new subscriber sendinsr $1.00 to The In-
ventive Age will be entitled to the Age one
vear and to five lines three times free. Ad-
ditional lines or insertions at reg’ular rates.

pOR SAE. — State Rig-hts to Patent Steam
^ FlueiCleaner. Costs 25 cents to manufac-

ture: hundreds sold in Ohio at $10.00 each. Cop-
ies of recommendations furnished prospective
purchasers. Address. T. W. McDougral, 50
Hamilton Ave., Chicag’o, 111.

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 521.053, June 5th, '04.
^ A Fish and Game Trap, state rip-hts for
sale cheap, the best all purpose trap ever inven-
ted. Address, Win. Seaton, inventor and pat-
entee, Greenfield, Painsett Co., Ark. 12-2

pOR SALE. — A valuable patent. No. 520,532.
* A device for connecting hay rakes and
loader with wayons. Will sell the entire pat-
ent or State riyhts. Address, Marceilus Mann,
Clearfield, Iowa. 12-2

SALE. — Patent No. 518.034 issued May 1,
1894. Vent Attachment" for pump pipes.

Can be placed upon thousands of driven wells
in this countr3’. Prevents pipes from freezing-.
A sure thing : no experiment. Retails at 50c —
500percent profit. Now is the time. All rights
for sale. Address, L. Adams, Atlanta, N. Y.

12-2

pOR SALE. — Entire right in patent No. 527,-
* 957, Duplex Injector Ilurner. This inven-

tion is worthy of the attention of capitalists.
Investigate it. Address, T. P. Evans, National
Militart’ Home, Ohio. 12-2

pOR SALE. — W. W. King of Lewistown Mo.,
* has a few States yet to dispose of either b_v
State or on royalty of his highly successful
Flood Fence, mostiv eastern States. Here is a
good opportunity’ for someone. 12-2

pOR SALE. — Patent Weight Door Lock with-
* out a spring : the onlv successful weight
lock on earth. Address, David F. Reinhard,
Mt. Carmel, 111. 12-2

pOR SALE. — Outright or State rights, patent

* No. 520,774. dated June 5, '94. Callers' Reg-

ister : an invention of merit, practical and ver.v
useful : or would correspond with competent
salesmen to sell State rights. Address, Lawlor
& Co, Joliet. 111. ^ 12-2

pOR SALE.- Or trade. Patent No. 524.065. is-

* sued August 7, 1894. on Journal Bearing,
being a simple mechanism comprising an
upper and lower member, the latter being pro-
vided with recesses for retaining balls, yield-

ngly supported therein for the shaft to rest
upon. Undoubtedly’ the best journal bearing
ever devised. A good opportunity for some
one; sale or trade. Address, Daniel I. Lybe,
Sidney, la. 11

pOR SALE.— Patent No. 489,554; A Milk Can
‘ which under air pressure i^revents the
milk from churning while In transit. Milk
dealers should have this milk can. Address,
James Cantwell, P. O. Box No. 409 Washingion,
D. C. ib-U

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 483.899; Improved

* Rice Huller; delivers the grain in sei:)arate

bins according to size of grain, etc.; has many
other improvements in hulling rice. Address,
James Cantwell. P. O. Box No. 409, Washington,
D. C. 10-12

pOR SALE. — Cheap if patent is sold at once,
^ patent No. 524,206. The greatest thing on
the market: oil or liquid measure and filler;
does away with measures and funnels. A for-
tune in it; unlimited sales. W. Keepers, Phila-
delphia, Pa.

pOR SALE. — My patent. No. 523.388, anchor

* for check-row ulanter. Address, J. Valen-
tine, Aplington, Iowa.

pOR SALE.— Street Car Motor : Patent No.

* 524.961, issued August 21. 1894. Correspon-
dence solicited. Address, W. H. H. Stineman.
Hicks Mill, Md., or Edward 1. Clark, 110 St.
Paul street, Baltimore, Md.

pOR SALE. — Patent No. 454.254, on toy belong-
* ing to the ‘‘puzzle’’ family. A line oppor-
tunity’ for some person or novelty manufac-
turer. Only- $170 and royalty* if taken at once.
Max Cohn. 828 Vliet St., Milwaukee, "Wis.

pOR SALE. — Cheap: the patent on Fence
^ Building Tool — all east of the Mississippi
river. It is a combination post hole digger;
the handiest tool out. Write for particulars to
J. W. Brennaman, Abilene, Kansas. 11-tf

pOR SALE. — Two recent valuable patents for
* Illuminated Revolving Day and Night
Store Window Advertising Lantern; practical
for introducing and pushing any kind of busi-
ness, especially in the way of novelties. Owing
to pressure of other business patentee will dis-
pose of both patents at a very small price. Ad
dress, the sole owner and patentee, Louis S.
Sioux Falls, South Dakota.

C I An cash will buy Patent No. 497,901— E
'P * pansible Form for Paper Box Makii
Address, Wm. Watt, 43 Purchase St., Bost(
Mass.

BUSINESS SPECIALS.

Aftermath.

Advertisements under this heading 20 cents a
line each insertion — seven words to the line.
Parties desiring to purchase valuable patents
or wanting to manufacture patented articles
will find this a valuable advertising medium.

Y\/Ai>itu. — A patent on a Lrame Apparatus ;

will give lialf interest for some one to
furnish the money’ to get patent, etc. If you
want an interest in a good thing, write to J. W.
Wright, Buffalo Gap, Taylor Co., Texas.

\)^ANTED.— A partner with $250 to invest in
a new patent Excelsior Machine.
There’s merit in it. Address Janies Worth.
Union City, Ind.

nro EXCHANGE, Property and money for
* small inexpensive and easily manufactured
patent, mailable article preferred. Address, Ira
Lutes, Cairo, 111. 12-20

■V^ANTED. — To buy a patent, or will take the
agency*, must be small, practical and
useful, give full particulars or no notice taken.
Address. '""Cash," In venti ve Age. 12-2

\^ANTED. — Will pay* for patenting meritor-
ious inventions of small articles in the U.
S., provided, a preliminary' examination
has been made. If that has not been done $5
must accompany the application. Address, M.
L. Schoch, 2810 N. Broad St., Phila., Pa. 12-2

The Scotch coal miners’ strike is at an end,
•and the collieries are again in full operation.

The new United States torpedo boat Ericsson
is indeed an unlucky’ craft. Every' attem]>t to
carry’ out a speed trial has resulted in some ac-
cident and consequent failure.

An act incorporating the Nicaragua Canal
Company, successor to the old Construction
Company’ which suspended last year, has
passed the Vermont Legislature.

Southern cotton growers projirose to solve
the low price problem by* growing half a crop
next season. The government crop report
shows the average y'ield of corn only’ 19.7 bush-
els, the lowest in 13 years.

It is said that in order to meet the competitLon
of tin plate of home manufacture in the United
States market, the Welsh tin plate manufac-
turers are about to demand a reducti<ni of 25
per cent in the wages of their workmen.

The National Tin Plate Coni])any’ of Ander-
son. Ind.. who are erecting a new plant, drilled
in a monster gas well on the 22d ult. It has a
flow of 8,000,000 cubic feet per day*, and is one of
the best wells ever drilled in Indiana.

W/^ANTED.-

know tl

-Manufacturers and dealers to
that I want to sell, oti commission,
their small, useful Patented Novelties that
will pay* good profits. All reliable firms should
write me. I want exclusive right. Can give
reference. Address, W. H. Dillon, Virginia,
Illinois.

Electric Flashes.

The next annual meeting of the National
Electric Light Association will be held at Cleve-
land, O., February 19-21, 1895.

The electric street railway and the electric
lighting sy’Stem of Vancouver, B. C.. have been
sold to ail English company for $350,000.

The Ohio Supreme Court hiis affirmed the
constitutionality of the law retiuiring electric
cars to be provided with substantial vestibules
to protect the niotormen from the weather in
winter.

Prof. Alex. Graham-Bell is said to be at work
on the conservation iofenergy. Itj is a purely
scientific question. He spends the most of his
spare ti me on it, but thus far has not accom-
plished anything definite.

It is announced that a large portion of the
works of the Thomsoii-Houston Electric Com-
pany which was taken from the Lynn shops
and transferred to iSchnectady some months
ago will be returned to Lynn.

A glance at the early history’ of the electric
motor brings out the striking fact that this
machine was invented eight years before the
dy'iiamo, and for several decades it was consid-
ered of more importance, both scientifically and
practically.

Electric welding has been used to remedy
blowholes in defective castings by’ first driU-
ing out the defects and then heating the casting
and introducing scraps of steel, which are
melted by electricity, making a perfect joint
without a seam or Haw of any kind.

The Great Kanawha Falls Water Power,
Electrical Manufacturing & Land Co., has
been formed at Charleston. W. Va.. with a capi-
tal of $2,000,000, to build anelectrical plant at
the Great Kanawha Falls which are to be uta-
ized and their power transmitted to mines,
factories and railroads within a radius of 20 or
30 miles- It is proposed also to furnish towns
with street and commercial lighting, and to
place trolley wires over the channel ot the river
for the use of tow-boats conveying coal from
the mines. The principal stockholders are
Charles M. Reed, of Baltimore, Md.; A Mc-
Clintock, of Phila.delphia, and A. O. Patton, W.
W. Tompkins, W. F. Scott, T. F. Snyder, and
M. Levi, of Charleston.

Want a Fountain Pen ?

One of the very* best in the market, a stand-
ard article, warranted, will be sent as a pre-
mium with The Inventive Age. The retail
price of the pen is $2.75. We will send the Age
one year and the pen for $2.75.

Important to Commercial Travelers.

On and after December 1st, Baggage Agents
of the B. iSz O. R. R. Co., will accept coupons
from mileage books issued by* B. & O. R. R., P.

W. R'v. B. & O. S. W. R'y and Valley K’y of
Ohio, in payment for excess baggage charges,
at their face value, 2 cents each. This arrange-
ment will not include B. i: O. Mileage Books
endorsed "good only on B. *!v: O.,’' B. & O. South-
western Mileage Advertising Books, nor books
older than one year from date of issue. 12-1

The Crown I'ountaiii Pen, a standard article
received the highest awards at the World's
Fair. It is always ready, clean, simple and
economical. Can carry in vest pocket like a
lead pencil. Best hard rubber holder, gold lop
feed and 14k gold pen. Retail price $2^75. We
will send the The Inventive Age one year
free, in lieu of other premiums to each pur-
chaser of one of these pen.s.

The Inventive Age can recommend the
"Climax" watch, advertised in another column,
as being, undoubtedly, the best stem-winder
watch for the price in the market. It is a good
time keeper, and either a plain or imitation en-
graved cases can be had. This watch is fully*
limed and regulated and fully* guaranteed for
one y*ear, the same as Waltham or Elgin.

We have received from Baker A: Co„ gold, sil-
ver and platinum refiners, assayers and smel-
ters, Newark. N. J., a copy* of a little booklet,
giving valuable data concerning platinum,
illustrating the various uses to which the metal
has been put. This firm refines or purchases
anything containing gold, silver or platinum.

An ag-ent for a syndicate for Chicago firms
secured two large contracts i n Japan. Gnegoes
to Armour A: Co., and is for canned beef to be
supplied the Japanese army. The other is a
$370,00i) contract for cast-iron pipe, to be used in
extending the Tokio water works. The pipe
will be made in Alabatna. The American firm
met the competition of English. French and
Belgian bidders.

Cincinnati manufacturers have taken the in-
iative looking to the organization of a National
Manufacturers’ Association. The purposes of
such an organization would seem to be com-
pletely covered by the American Association of
Inventors and Manufacturers, of which Dr.
Gatling is president and Mr. Geo. C. Maynard
of Washington is secretary*. The object of
this association is to encourage more and whole-
some legislation for the protection of inventors
and the encouragement and promotion of man-
ufacturing enterprises. The fourth annual
meeting of this organization occurs in Wash-
ington, January 15th.

Every old subscriber who sends us one new
subscriber for one year will receive credit for
three mouths on his own subscription.

The attention of our readers is called to the
announcement to'photographers and others on
page 230.

Wn*i. Ht’bbard Keknan is now editor of the
Penny* Weekly’ Story Paper, a Philadelphia
publication that promises to become a great
success. Mr. Keriiaii appreciates the Inven-
tive Age, else the following has no meaning :
"The inventors of the United States should be
a unit in subscribing for the Inventive Age.
of Washington, D. C., a decidedly* handsome
and helpful publication, by Marshall -Jewell,
and one that is swiftly’ and steadily’ wiiiiiingits
way* in public favor."

Read e.xtraordinary* premium offers in this
issue — good to old subscribers renewing for an-
other year as well as to new subscribers.

An Extraordinary Offer.

The Inventive Age has made arrange-
ments whereby it can furnish the complete set
of World’s Fair views — 220 in all — at a nominal
figure. These views are not cheap wood cuts
but fine half-tone cuts coveringevery important
feature of the greatest of the world's exposi-
tions. The Inventive Age one year, and this
set of views will be sent to any’ address, postage
d f or 1.3 .

Still another great offer is that of the Peo-
ple’s Atlas of the world — maps and statistics
ctjrrected uj) to 188-1 — 124 images — maps of every
state and every nation — a complete Atlas, with
over 300 illustrations, usual price $3 to $5. We
will furnish The Inventive Age one y’ear and
send the Atlas to any address, postage paid for
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in the United States, Send for terms io
The Inventive Age,

Washington, D. C.

Detectives Needed Here.

Superintendent Chas. Ainge, of the National
Detective Bureau. IndiaiiapoUs. Ind. .announces
that two or three capable and trustworthy men
are needed in this section to act as private detec-
tives under his instructions. Experience in the
work is not necessary* to success. He edits a
large criminal iiaper and w'ill send it with full
particulars, which will explain how you may*
enter the profession by addressing him at In-
dianapolis, Ind.

Evf:ry reader of the Age should purchase
some novelty advertised in this issue. No better
holiday* present could be made a friend, and
parents will rind in this list many* valuable ar-
ticles for the young people.

- The Inventive Age vcants an agent in every
city* ill the United States and will pay* liberally*
for services of thoroughly* reliable persons.

The Salem Iron Works, Salem, N. C., desire
to correspond with manufacturers or any* partv
about to engage in manufacturing, of any legit-
imate nature, that may* desire a change of
location, or the establishing of a branch indus-
try*, with the view of inducing them to visit the
Piedmont section of North Carolina before they*
locate, in order that they may see the many
natural advantages of this section.

PREMIUnS TO SUBSCRIBERS.

Read tlie following- offers to new sub-

scribers:

OUR $1 OFFER.

The Inve;xtive Age one year and two
copies of any patent desired, or one

copy* of any two patents $1 00

The Inventive Age one year and a list
of firms who manufacture and sell
patented articles 1

The Inventive Age one year and Alio-

gra])h map of the City* of Washington 1 00
The Inventive Age one year and a five
line (35 words), advertisement in our
"Patents For Sale,*’ or "Want" col*
umn, three times 1 j>3

For $1 .

The Inventive Age and any one of the
following Scientific books:

How to Make Electric Batteries at
Home, fully illustrated, by Edward
Trevert.

Everybodv's Handbook of Electricity,
illustrated, by Trevert.

How to Make a Dynamo, by* Trevert.
Practical Directions for Electric Bell
Fitting and Electric Gas Lighting,
by Trevert.

Eliliu Thompson's What is Electric-
itv?

OUR $1.35 OFFER.

The Inventive Age one year and Jo-
seph Allen ^Nlinturn's famous book
"T he Inventor's Friend," indorsed by*
such high authorities, as Dr. Gatling.

Clem Studebaker and others, $1.35

Book alone 50 cents.

The Inventive Age one year and any
one of the popular and instructive
books as per offer in another column,
under heading of " Popular Scientific

Books." $1.30

The Inventive Age one year and any
one of the "Excelsior Edition of Stan-
dard Poets." mentioned elsewhere in

this magazine $1.35

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of “Picturesque Washington," 260 pp.,

136 illustrations, Stilsou Hutchins’ fa-
mous book, former price $2, sent to
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The Inventive Age one year and The
Peoples' Atlas of the World, one of
greatest bargains ever heard of; size
of Atlas 14 X 22 open; latest maps and
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book with Age one year — both for $1 35

■ft^See another column for other offers.

OUR $1.50 OFFFR.

The Inventive xVge one year and Robt.
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ventors " $1 50

Address all communications to

THE INVENTIVE AGE.

Wasliingrtoii. D. C.

"Heat Insulation and Fire Protection in
Prominent Building's,” is the modest title of a
little brochure issued by the II. W. Johns Man-
ufacturing Co., of New York. This firm malces
a specialty of asbestos pipe and boiler cov-
erings, and the little booklet contains views of
a large number of the handsomest building-.,^ i„
the country in which the Johns Company cov-
erings are used. The illustrations are remark-
ably fine specimens of tone work.

Newspaper Reporters W anted.

We are informed that the Modern Press .\s-
sociation wants one or two newsjiaper cor-
respondents in this citv. The work lis light
and can be performed b.v eitlier lady or gentle,
man. Previous e.xperieiice is not’ necessary,
and some of our .voting men and women and
even old men would do well to secure such a
position, as we understand it takes onlv about
one-fourth of your time. For further particu-
lars address Modem Press Association, Chi-
cag-o. 111.

"Bukier’s PoruLAR Electrician" is the
name of a moiitlily publication which contains
a vast amount of valuable i.. formation on all
electrical subjects. Its department of "Oues-
tions a nd n swers" will be appreciated bv
students and amateurs desiring information or
instruction on anj- problem that mav arise.
The Inventive g e has made special a'rraiige-
ment whereby we can supply that popular
dollar journal and The Inventive Age — both
publications one year — for SI. SO.

THE IXVENTIVE AGE

238

%

CLASSIFIED list of Patents issued during the month appears in each issue of the Inventive Age, which keeps inventors posted in the art in which they are

mostly interested. The full address of any patentee, and number of paient found below sent to any address on receipt of one 2-cent stamp. We will

send, postpaid, to any address, printed copies of any U. S. patents, with specifications and drawings, upon receipt of 20 cents for one copy ; 35 cents for two
(Opies ; 50 cents for three copies. (See premium offer elsewhere in this issue.) Address THE INVENTIVE AGE, 8Th And H STS., Washington, D. C

LIST OF PATENTS

GRANTED FOR INVENTIONS,

OCTOBER 30, 1894.

Advertising device, automatic. B H May
and ,1 II 31orrisey.

Advertising sign device. W C Morrison.
Alkaline salts, itrocess ot and appartus for
electrolytic decomposition of. II Y Cast-
ner.

Alloy, aliiminium. R I Roman.

Alnmininm, improving surfaces of. A V
Davis.

Aluminium, reducing. F A Goocli and L
Valde.

Armature for dynamo electric machine and
making same. T II Hicks.

Axle, vehicle. J Bliller.

Ballot box, registering and canceling. E K
Tolman.

Basket, lunch. A I'rohola.

Bed an<l table combined, folding. LKabell.
BedcUdhes holder. G 11 llollidge.

Bed, folding. E M Knohlangh.

Beer, nianiifaetnring. I’ Kropi.

Bell ringing mechanism. \V G Alexander.
Belt tightener, 31 Waddell,

Beverage cooler. .1 Busch.

Beverages from ice, making. C Fong.
Bii-ycle. J Carr.

Ri'-ycle. L Ferguson.

Bicycles, etc., drive gear mechanism for. S
Kaltonik.

Bi'iler. 11 Wildman.

Biiiler cleaner, automatic. J II Barr.

Boiler furnace, steam. E R It lluyt.

Bolting reel. E K Driiver.

Bi)uk. tint opening. W A I'ulmer.

Book hohler for desks. G SV i’aisley,
Bootjack attachment. W II Cole.

Boot or shoe polisliing ilevice. E Stanwood.
Boring machine. II C Schulz.

Bottle cap, Cork holding. W II Norlliall.
Bottle cap|)ing machine. G W Leholt.

Bottle stopjier or cap. F W Fletcher.

Brade ami bit. .1 W B.anner.

Brake beam and reinforcing clamp therefor.

H B Rohischung.

Brush holder. 31 Wood.

Bucket fastener. II L R Wolf.

Burglar alarm, boor locking. II J Mitchell.
Button. J Skilling.

(able grip. G C Ormerod aud J II Charles.
Cable gn])i»er. .T Wiiitall.

Camera. .1 E Blackniore.

Can body crimping machine. II Schaake.
Can body forming maclilne. J K Under-
dowu.

Can head tlanges, machine for crimi»iug. 11
Schaake.

Can holder. W V 3IcK(*nzie.

Can opener. C F Keller.

Can opener ami vegetable parer, combined.
G H Mitchell.

Can top cleaning machine. C A Burt.

Car brake. P 3Ic3Iullen.

Car brake ratchet handle. J Seeberger.

Car brake shoe ami dresser. J E Warswick.
Car coupling. J Bird.

Cur coupling. AV H Edwards.

(’ur coupling. O (r Ogden.

Car coui'ling. S Seldcn.

Car curtain fi vture. W H Beau.

Car, dump. G A Roberts

Car, elevated railway. A L Widdis.

Car fender. W G Kerr.

Car heating system. E II Gold.

Car mover. A Kuebeler.

Car platform. J Krehhiel.

Car protector, automatic railway. C Klett-
ner.

Car safety device, electric. J 31 Kelly.

Car, ventilator. H H Love.

(’ar wheel. C Roheits.

Carburetor. O 3Ioucur.

Card settimg machine. C W Arnold.
Carriage spring. C A Behlen.

Cart, self loading. G F Fischer.

Carving machine. R 3lorgeiieier.

Caster. .1 J Sehlieiitz and J F Fink.

Caster, hall. L B White.

Chimney. E V Wingard.

Chlurin and caustic soda, electrolytic ap-
paratus for the manufacture of. T Drake.
Churn dasher, C S Rogers.

Cigar hunch machine. H .Terstrum.
Cigarette paper, machine for applying par-
affin to. A G 31archul.

Cloth cutting machine. J Bloch.

Cloth cutting machine. J Wolf, Jr.

Cloth noichiug machine. J Wolf, Jr.
Clothes drier. 0 E Coclirane.

Clothes rack. T 31 Anderson.

Coal or ore separating apparatus. F Pardee.
Coal screen. G W Cross.

Coffee mill. C D Amlerson.

Coffee or tea pot. W U Byrd.

Cuiiibinatiou case. A J Estlow.

Combination case for cards, etc. A J Estlow.
Collar fastener, horse. 31 T Burke.

Collar, hoi'se. W T Fell.

Collar, horse. E 0 Phillips.

Collars or cuffs on sliirts» device for holding.

A Feiner aud T G Saxton.

Concentrator. J Norbom.

Conduit sections, apparatus for manufactur-
ing. J F Cummings.

Conduit, underground. J F Cummings.
Conveying material. F E Duckbam.

Cotton chopper. J J Green.

Cotton elevator and distributer. W E 3Iof-
fitt and J L Williams.

Cotton opening machines, feeding mechan-
ism for. J C Putter.

Counterbalancing momentum of reciprocat-
ing elements, means for 31 N Forney.
Crane, travelling. AV 31 Brooke.
Crystallization of saccharine or other solu-
tions. L AA’ulff.

Culinary vessel. A AV Obermann.

Cultivator, hand. E Franklin.

Cultivator, wheel. E Children.

Cut out, automatic electro magnetic. L T
Stanley and A E Braddell.

Dental mirror. E B Hitchcock.

Dice box. E Gregory.

Digester li. H AV Stebbins.

Direct acting engine. J Kidd.

I>isinfectiug apparatus. H K Anderson.

I>oor attachnjent. N A\' Cowdrey.

Door check and closer. E I Blount.

Door, tlexible. E Brown.

Door hanger. AV .Johnston.

Door stop. C 0 Case.

Dredging apparatus. F A Hyatt.

Dredging imidemeiit C 3Ieier
l>rying articles. H D AVillianison.

Ih'illing machine. T Gilpin and L 31c-
Hargue.

Drilling machine. AV P Norton.

Earring. G T AVoglom. *

Egg carrier. F E., C L., aud J H Ten Eyck.
Electric conductors, coating. A F Mont-
gomery.

Electric inotof reversing mechanism. J
31elleu and N U GohGmith.

Electric transformer. E Tlionjson.

Electro magnetic switch. J G llartel.

Enamel from metal, removing. G W Goetz.
Engine iudicat<'r. steam. W’3I Henderson.
Engine pilot, .j l)rake.

Engine reversing gear. C E R 3Iartin.
Extension talde, center revolving folding.
H Graham.

Faucet, oil can. B F Warren.

Feed water purifier 2. 8 L Bailey.

Fence and gate, ir >n. I K Ilullinger.

Fence building marhine <’ Neate.

File, invoice or other. 31 Buchsbanrn.

Fire alarm. T R lluckworth and W C 3Ic-
Lellau.

Fire escaiio, 0 Bartholomew.

Fire extingui^liiug substances with water,
upiiaratiis for aiit omaticallv mixing F
31 n Her. *

Fishing net. G Trouve.

Flash light compound. A Hensley.
Foundations oi underground structures,
tube for. R L Harris.

Fountain and sprinkler, combined. J R
Cad we 11.

Frog, spring. N () GoMsmith.

Fruit liuller. J A Murray.

Fruit jar. .1 H Williams.

Furnace. E and A W Beiinis.

Furnace or stove grate. A Jahant.
Furnaces, air moistening device for bet air.
G W Fiidrich.

Furnaces, shatts, chimneys, etc, construction
of blast. AV P Ingham.

Galvanic battery. 31 31 Clark.

Gas burner. C H Robbins.

Gas i-ngine. .1 and W Patei'son.

Gas wells, methed or apparatus for removing
water or oil fnun bottoinsof. R II Staley
Gate. A W 31aclarren.

Glass, apparatus for producing llat objects
of. P >ievert.

Glove, Catcher’s. E L R(>gers.

Governor, engine. (’ E IF Martin.

Govermur motor, engine. C E R 3Iartin.
Grain conveyer. F E Duck ham.

Grain conveyor, pneumatic F E Duckbam.
Grain elevator. F Kaucher.

Grain scouring machine. K AV AA'elcli.
Grate, water heating fire. J H Phillips,
Grater for culinary purposes. J Itavidsou.
<iun, breakdown. K G Fay.

Gun frame. R C Fay.

Gnus, ejecting and cocking mechanism for
breakdown, A Home.

Guns, ejector fur lueakduwn. R C Fay and
G E Humphreys.

Harrow, disk 2. .1 3Iacpliail.

Heat magazine, refractory and non-conduct-
ing. C 11 Land.

Heater. C B AVannmaker.

Heating boiler. IJ C Steinhoff.

Heating furnace. C D Howard.

Hides, treating. D Goodman,

Hinge, st^'p. G A 3IcKeuzie.

Hit<diiiig strap. J H A'alleau.

II(.)isting mechanism. G F Jennings.

Hook ami eye. G 8 Pearson.

Horse boot. J luifiy.

IIor.se detacher. 31 31 Benster.

Hydraulic elevator. J 11 Wade.

Invalid lifting apparatus. AA’ E Goulding.
Kitchen cabinet. P L Ramsey.

Knives-to their hamlles, means for attaching.

.1 AA’e.stby ami J AVhitfield.

Knob, do<'r. Co Case.

Kraut cutter. A\' A Goforth.

Lace clamp, shoe. L D Craig.

Lace holder, shoe. G E 3Iongeau,

Laee, veiling, or ribbon holder. .1 M
Schlesinger.

Lamp, electide arc. R Segerdahl.
Lampshade, electric. E A’edovelli.

Lantern. T Lang.^ton.

Last. E .1 Howard.

Lens for ojitical purpose. C P Goerz and E
van Huegh.

Lock. CSwanherg.

Lock attachment. L L Bettys.

Loom shuttle guide. G AV Parmer.
Lubricator. T J Hart.

3Iagazine camera. G P C 3Iaroniez.
3Ianhole cover. C Parkins.

3Ianicure instrument. 0 J Bailey,

3Iatch box. 31 8trekosch.

31 atcu making machine. EB Beecher and
J P Wright.

3leat roaster. J Stroud. (Reissue.)
3Iechanical movement. I 8 Bryant.
31icroscopes. slow motion attachment for.
II G Sedgwick.

31ixiDg machine. J 3Iurku3.

3Iold. E L Ransome.

3Iolding machine. C Herman.

3Iole trap, A Arnold.

3Ioiimuents, construction of memorial. AA'

B A'an Amringe.

3Iator. G AV Brown ami J AV Little.

3Iotoi*s, cylinder and valve for steam. A
Holmgren.

3Io\'ing machine. E Pridmore.

Nozzle. F AV Ilerbkesmann.

Nut and bolt lock. T Berridge.

Nut, axle. R Fawcett.

Nut for spindle supports, spring. E .1 Car-
roll.

Nut lock. F8 Kobbius.

Oarlock. II Brinkmann.
nhnnneter. AH .Armen.

Oil burner. J Dubelman.

Oil burner. C G 3Iooie.

0)1 burner, C AVhittinghani.

Open heartli furnace. J Ihirves.

Orange polishing machine. A AV'aiT.

Organ. 31 Hetlierington.

Oven, bakers.' J Adair.

Package, are tight. A Roder.

Package carrier. E (' Gipe.

Paper machine suction box, E Sanderson.
Thoiiogiaph. 11 .J Lioiet.

Piano action. .1 R Perry.

Piano tuning hammer. B F Fuchs.

Piano cleaning appar'atus. A 3luellei'.
Pipe Hanger. A .1 Beaton.

Pipe or roil coupling. 8 31 Jones.

Placsr machine. R L Cliattersori.

Plait formiiiir machine. C C Emmons.
Planter. J W Parker.

Planter and fertilizer distributer, combined.
II <.'ompton.

Plow attachment. 31 Culbertson and J J
Buike.

Plow, rotary. L D Kailsback.

I’ower \^heel. A J B Berger.

Powder wheel endless conveyers or elevator s.
A .1 B Bei'ger.

Printed rnattei’, producing copied ett cts on.
C E Adamson.

Printing machine, iMtary. J 3Iichaud.
Projieller, screw. AV 11 .bay.

Propeller, vessel. S 8 Wliipps.

Propelling apparatus. B Bernstein.

Pump. 31 W Hall.

Pump. H .h)nes.

Pump. E 31 31cGee.

Puinj). C 0 Worthington.

Pump governor, steam. J R Nixon.

Pump, rotary torce. 8 0 8ln‘[)ard.

Pun -h, check. J C Robinsori,

Punching machine. W E Bennett.

Puzzle. 31 W Brooke.

Railway, closed conduit electric. J F 3Ic
I.avighliii.

Railway, comlriit electric. J L Hornig.
Railway conduit system, electric. J B Linn.
Railway frog. C W 8peckin.

Railway gripper, cable. R Brownstein.
Railway sanding ilevice. C B Andrews.
Ra.hvay signal, electric 2. A J Wilson.
Railway signaling apparatus, self acting. G
H Wood.

Railway supply system, electric. C H Har-
kins.

Raihvay switch. AV H 8antee and J E Ryan.
Railway system, electric machine for. F
l>eining.

Railway track. AA’ U Smith
Railways, i lusei conduit for electric. AV E
8teartis.

Ratchet mechanism. AV II Young, Jr.
Regi'-ter. C C Kields
Revolver. K Smith.

Rheostat. 31 AVaddell

Rod or pipe coupling, hollow. S 31 Jones.

Rolling ajiparatus. L D York.

Rotary engine. L 8ivertson.

Rotary trimmer. A J Vose.

Ruhlier and stocking, lumbern^an's. 31 D
(tirard.

Ruhlu'i* articles, vulcanizing hard. H Traun.
Rubber type, inetliod ot and apparatus for
making. L Iv 8cotford.

Rubber or i'olishing machine. € S Yarnell.
Ruling device. J Grundy.

Sadiron. PC Greenawalt.

Sash Italance. G Lu.sher.

8ash fastener. A H 1‘arslow.

Sash lock. J A Haseiiptlug.

8aw. J I)anielsoii.

8aw filing macliiue. A J Neff.

8awuiiU carriage. 31 Gox.

8aw safety guard, rip. G A Shields.

8cHle, spring. 31 H Hansen.

Screen or sash fastener. M Hauser.

Scythe I’uck. I) D (Aiuble.

Seal lock. T Gaskins.

Seal or stopper, bottle 3. W Painter.

Seat and folding berth, cnnihined. P Fraser.
Secondary battery. J E Rhetts.

Separator. R AV Jessup.

Sewer trap cleaner. L Beliveau. .

Sewing machine for barringbuttonholes. E
H Harris.

Shad - holder. N AV Crandall and E A
Russell.

Shaft, expansion. J C Coram.

Shipi'ing or service box or crate, grocer’s.

K B Bain.

Sign. C F AA’ebster.

Signaling aj'paratus for block systems, elec-
tric. 31 8 Reiley.

Mnk trap.’ H C 3iontgomery.

Skirt elevator. A L Zeller.

Skiving machine. J R Scott.

Slicing machine. J E Austin.

Snap liook. II C., U 31., and L AV Eldridge.
Solar energy, apparatus for utilizing. F H
3Ionks ami 31 L Severy.

Sole trimming machine. J B Emery.
Spacing nail. J J AVhite.

Spreader rod. S D Poole,

Sprinkler. J B Haberle.

Staging bracket. J B Kenison and M F
Burk.

Steam boiler. D Ahern.

Steam or hut water boiler. E Gurney.
Steam shovel or excavator. J B AVebber.

Steel, decarboniziug. AV K Topley.

Steering engine. 31 A Beck.

Steering gear, vessel. 0 Schleicher,

Stovepijie attachment. AV Wilson.

Stovepipe thimble. W Biermaun.

Structure, tubular underground K L Harris.
Stud or fastening for shirt waistba*''ds, etc.

J Nadal.

Surgical cabinet and irrigating device. E
31 Luudholm.

Tableaux, vivaiit apparatus for displaying
2. E Veil Kilanyi,

Tawing hides. C Heinzerling.

Teaching vocal music, device for. 31 31
AV)gt.

Telegraph key. C F Sebiiug.

Teh'phone, mechanical. J ITince.

Tent o. .1 J iiinn.

Tent fastening. .1 J Rinn.

Thermostat. D W Tlioiupson.

Thill coupling. 0 AVilcox.

Tliill couplings, antirattler for. 31 3IcKin-
non

Thrasher band cutter and feeder. 31 G
Sclianer ami A A Bartlett.

Time ivconler, woikman's. I> 31 Cooper.
Tire and wlieel rim, pneumatic. P AV Till-
inghast.

Tire, pneiimatic, G F Stillman.

Toboggan, roller. 0 N Grant.

Toy hank, coin controlled musical. II AV
Porter.

Trolley catclier. AV D Cobb.

Trousers or edat. G J 3Iorse.

Trr.c . J B Randall.

'I'ug, liame. .1 G Clausen.

Turn table. ( ’ L >tidbel.

'I’ype w I iter Inking ribbon. A T Brown,
d'ype writing mariiine. T Olivm-.

Type writing inaehines, type cleaning brush
for. F A’an Fleet,
rmhrella, folding D Smith, Jr.

A'alve, clieck. A J Caldwell
Valve for gas burner, air. H Ruppel.

Active operating device. C Otis.

Vehicle w heel F ami T F 3Iendenhall.

ATse. S Frishic.

A ise, rajiid acting. W C and AV II Toles.
AVall. F >' hweitzer.

AVatchcase spring. C Nobs,

AVeighing, registering, and discharging ma-
chine. L I’ Summers.

AVheel rim for pneumatic tires. T Bircli.
AVheelbarrow. J B A Grenier.

AVindow. A Massalski.

A\ iml.iw appliance. E Keuser.

AVindow stretelier. S Allison.

Window stretcher. J E Crisp.

AVire tightener 0 H Van W'agoner.

Wool washing machine. F G ami A C Sar-
gent.

Wrench. J L Stambanfili.

PATENTS GRANTED NOV. 6, ’94.

.Vdding machine. II D Hicks
Advertising machine. AV T Shirley.
Adverti'ing purposes, construction of build-
ings E Nicolas.

Airbrake. R W Bayley.

Amalgamator. II L Simmons.

Animal securing device. J AV Ziellenbach.
Animal trap. AV 0 Hooker.

Asphalt, preparing ami utilizing rock. AV A
Adams.

Auger, double tenon. C Blutchley.

Anger, well. E E Senifi,

Ball making machine. 31 P> 3Iishler.

Baud cutter and feeder. I A Crisp and J A
Stevenson.

Bark, etc, machine fur removing. C E Y
Foliu.

Barking machines, automatic feed for wood.
AV llailley.

Barrel hoojiiiig machine. E A Delano.
Basket, ventilated fruit. C W AVeston.
Basket, Wood veneer made. C W AA'eston.
Bearing, antifricti'm. A J Shaw’.

Bearing, ring oiler. AV W Carey,

Bed, folding. H AV Ru Ton.

Bedsteail clothes rack ailjustment. J P Ed-
monds and J A Kyle.

Beer, etc, apparatus fur dispensing root. S
F Kates.

Bellows for forges, etc. S Rucinski and F 31
Kozlowski.

Bicycle lamp holder. T Sanders.

Bicycles, adjustable handle bar fur. R C

I'W-

Binder for books or pamphlets. A J Ru-
doljdi.

Biniler, temporary. J II Nellis.

Bird cage spring, duplex. A B Hendryx.
Boiler. B F Ci'iiner.

Boot or shoe. 0 P Hurd.

Bottle, etc. D E Kempster.

Brake beam. D L Barnes.

Brake mechanism. J S Copeland.

Brake shoe. J G’Brien.

Brush. A E 3Iagovis.

Bru.sh, air. J S Overman and W T AVools-
tou.

Brush, dust. H Z Ziegler and A I AVood.
Buckles, manufacture of sheet metal suspen-
der. G E .Adams.

Burglai alarm, electric. AV A Brownell and
J B Seagar.

Butter extractor, centrifugal. 0 Ohisson.
Button or stud, cuff. C C Champenois.
Cabinet, revolving ribbon. JAN Lindsey.
Calipers, watchmaker’s. G B FaiTeJl.

Can making machine. R D Hume.

Can opener. F AV AVriglit.

Car brake, railway. J R Cribbs.

Car coupling. J H Pearson.

Car coupling. J D Tunnell.

Car coupling, link aud pin, J AA'right.

Car, dumping. AV G Lane.

Car fender aud brake, street. J S Detrick.
Car motor, street. H S Park.

Car, raihvay. C H Barrows.

Car sand box. A Garing

Carburetor. P Keller.

Carpet lining. C C Stewart.

Carrier. C P Hogue.

Cash register and indicator. J S Hilliard.
Caster, ball. J B Offerle.

Catalogue, card A J Rudolph.

Centerboard. H A^oss.

Center mark tool, portable spring actuated.

R S Peabody.

Chain, driving. W B Teale.

Chain making machine. P H Standish.
Charger. D P Allen.

Chopping knife. W L Pike.

Chuck, lathe. AV AVolff,

Churn. U Uhlssou.

Cigar bunching marhine. H K Gardner.
Cigarette sliile aud match box, combined.

.1 T Craw.

Circuit closer. HJ Hovey.

Clamping device for madiiiie tools. R S
Peabody.

Clasp. J ) Stevens.

Clock, electric alarm. 31 3Icl)oDnell.

Clock, musical H W Porter.

Coal and mineral washer. E Ramsay.

Coal screen. G F Blackeslee.

Coats, vests, etc, device for supporting. 31
F Koenig

Cocks, stem connection for four way. R M
ihxon.

Collee liulling, scouring, and cleaning ma-
chine. D B Fraser.

Collee pot attachment, adjustable. II P Du-
ring.

Collar and hames, combined horse. 11 Eck-
ardt.

Combination lock. II Banlitzky.

Comt'ination lock. .J Bois.

Confectionery, nuicliine for molding. D 31
Holmes 2.

('ontinuoiis extractor. J Naylor, Jr.

Cooking and canning machine, vegetable.

1' A Udin

Corn shock loader. H McPherson.

Corner brace. 0 K 3IcGahey.

Crane. A J Shaw.

Crane, traveling. G AV King.

Cultivator. J R Suter.

Cultivator tooth 2. 0 3Iaul.

( urd cutter. 0 Barnard.

Curtain stick and guide. G L Aailey.

Cutting tool. A Hussey.

Cuttiu tool. AV H Ne‘lson.

Cycle steering lock. R F Hall.

Dish cleaner. W P Harrison.

Ditching tool. 1) C Peat.

Dividers. A Haff.

Door check or closer. C 0 Case.

Door controller, pneumatic. J AV Gray.
Itraining device. A D McGill.

Drawer luck. L C Brown.

Drying raw or prepared goods, apparatus for.
A Riihenkainp.

Dumping incline, J 0 AVright.

Dyeing machine. 31 Bacon.

Electric ajiparatus, coin operated, J H EI-
fering.

Electric motors for operating machinery,
utilizing. E Richter.

Electric switch, F G Belles.

Electrical connections, plug for establishing.
C W Brown.

Electrical retoucher. C 31 Savage.

Electrical transformer. R 31 Hunter.
Electrically ojierated elevator. E3IarshalI.
Electrodepositioii ajiparatus 2. II L Bridg-
man.

Elevators and elevator gates, safety attach-
ment for. I 31 Hill.

Embankments, machine for building. AA’ G
Price.

Embroidering machines, fabric moving me-
chanism fur. J A Groebli.

Emery wheel, elastic. D B Hyde.

Engine. C F Sparks.

Engine attachment. P Chouteau.

Engine speed stoj). B F Teal.

Evaporating ajijiaratus. T Craney.
Excavating and hoisting bucket. G U AVi’-
liams.

Eyelet for carriage aud buggy curtains. D
C AV’ooIsey.

Fastener, corrugated. F AV Starr.

Feed trough A Greer.

Feed water purifier. 31 S Cabell.

Fence. R L Paris.

Fence. D AV Tliomas.

Fence, flood. J W Story.

Fence machine. 0 H Page.

Fence machine, wire. F H Daniels.

Fence post. S P Iddings.

Fence, wire. H Buck.

Filing and binding news or other papers, de-
vice for. C Dickerson.

Filter and cleaning same. W A Freise.
Filtering apparatus. J A Bow’den.

Fire engine and pump. C Poufe and C Lock.
Fireplace and grate, combined. E Scanlau
and J Zijip.

Fish spear. H D Peshler.

Fish trap. B AVood.

Fluid pressure engine. G Dixon.

Fly paper holder. 0 and H Thum.

Form, bust. R Guillan.

Fruit w rajijnng device. B Leonard.
Galvanic battery. 31 31 Hayden.

Gas burner. P Keller.

Gas generacors, oil feeding apparatus for. 0
NGuldlin.

Gas lighting and extinguishing apparatus,
time. A B Shaw.

Gases, closing receivers charged with com-
pressed or liquefied. E ^ tern.

Gas es, process of and apjiaratus for destroy-
ing noxons. R II Doud.

Gate. J 31 Hefner.

Gear, machine. H P Bradford and J A
Smith.

Gear, reversing. G W King.

Gearing. J 31 3Iaret.

Gearing, chain. H Briggs.

Glass house pot or tank. W II Barr.

THEC INVENTIVE AOE

^39

€lass receptacle. C T Green.

■Gold and mercury and making same, solu-
tion of. I Semenoff.

'Gun, magazine. L L Hepburn.

•Halter. H Ciusey.

Hammer, riveting. R S Peabody,

'Harness. J W Anderson and R S Twiss.
Harvestsr, beet rout or potato. L F Wau-
tbier.

Harvester elevator. 0 0 Storle.

Hat. I> Howell.

Hat bodies, apparatus for stretching felt. R
Robinson.

Hay press. J F Adams.

Hay stacker. W G Dawes.

Hi«l0 shaving apparatus. G A Lawrence.
Hinge, shutter. D U Stoner.

Hoisting machinery 3. A J Shaw.

Hoisting machinery, electric. A .1 Shaw.
Hoisting machinery, switch operating me-
chanism for. A .1 Shaw.

Horse checking device. T 11 Shottenberg.
Horse checking or unchecking device. CC
Wheeler.

Hose reel. J I> Hunter.

Hot water boiler for heating purposes. T
Brooks. M Reilly, and W Rudkins.

Hot water heater. J F Harrison.

1 Hydrocarbon DK>tors, means or apparatus
for effecting and controlling the 8U])ply of
hydrocarbon to. J E Weyman and J A
Drake.

Impounding debris and storing water>
method of and means for. H W R Strong.
Inkstand. F B Pratt.

Inkstand. TSShenston.

Insulating compound. U Stiles.

Ironing board attachment. R X Boston.
Keyhole guard. ,J A Giese.

Knitted imdersliirt. .1 Feldenheimer.
Knitting machine. L E Salisbury.

Knitting machine. 0 Wilson.

Knitting machine, automatic circular. B M
Denny.

Ider and guiding trolley therefor, step*
W J Sumner.

Xninp, electric arc. A H Moses. Jr.

Lamp, electric arc. C E Ongley.

Last, metal. G C Pettis.

Leaf hohler. J H Pemlleton.

Xcak alarm, electric. 0 C Kahne, A A Ad-
kiiiis, W 8 Peirce, J E Martin, and G F
Kahne.

Letter box C E Abbott.

Li(piid containing vessel. J Thornton and
A B Woodard.

Licpiid mixer, shaker, and fruit squeezer.
W H Payne.

Liquids, apparatus for centrifugal sei'aratioii
<if compound. A Ponten. and J V Skog-
lund.

Lock for doors or moving vehicles. C A
Wright.

Locomotive or other furnace. RH Brown.
Loom shuttle box. operating mechanism. H
liardsley.

Loom shuttle tension device. J Sweeney
and G Stroble.

Looms, self threading shuttle for. J II
Nason

Magnet. A H Hoyt.

Match safe. C II Renter.

Measuring electricity, apparatus for. W
Friese-Greeue.

Menu card and check, combined. J A New-
berry.

Metal bars, union of transverse. J T ^Ic-
t 'ormick.

Metal cutting machine, shape. L S Pfouts.
Metal, mechanism for handling molten. J
S Dougherty.

Metal, process of and apparatus for forming
and treating G Engel.

Micrometer gages, automatic stop for. H V
Bernhardt.

Mining drill. A E Buzzo.

Mop and wringer, combined. S L Bergstres-
ser.

Nail making, distributing, and driving m.r
chine. I’ F Raymond, 2d.

Necktie liolder. J H Hines, Jr.

Nozzle, automatic exhaust. J T McLellan.
Nut lock. W J Dillehay.

-Occuliat’s testing frame 2. J H E De Celles.
Oil can. J Schwiebeit.

Oven, reel. W W Higgins.

Packaging machines, tension regulating at-
tachment, for fabric. E P and R W Wat-
son.

Packing, piston rod. 0 J Ellis.

Packing powdered substauces. J Barnc-
witz.

Packing vessel and method of preserving
food articles. II Selzer.

Paddle wheel. W Oraige.

-Padlock. W Smith.

Paper box. P Lindcmayer, Jr.

Paper cutter. J M Jones.

Paper cutting and embossing press. B Kar-
fiol.

Paper, process of and machine for enameling,
A 8 Woodward.

Paper registering machine. T C Dexter.
Paper weight, pen rack, and calendar, com
billed. T F Crueger.

Pawl and ratchet mechanism. A J Shaw.
Pen, fountain. II L Braham.

Penholder. R P SatToId.

Picture folding support or stand. D B Wil
Ha ms.

Plane. JATraut.

Planter and fertilizer distributer. G M
Ashcraft.

Phinter, check row. E W Collins
Planter, corn. WAhlers.

Planter, corn. J A Dodd.

Plow. G W Whatley.

Plow, cultivator. H. 0 Otten and A Kuth
rnann.

Plumber’s grappling tool. W Thomas.
Polisliing articles of manufacture, appara
tus for automatically. E L Carrington.
Polishing machine expanding cylinder. 1
8 Evarts.

Printer’s metal furniture. F B Emery.
Printer’s quoin. 0 A Amundson.

Printing machine. M Viereiigel.
Protractor and bevel. T J Lumis.

Pulley blocks, automatic brake for. J \
Powell.

Pulley, split. J F W Fawcett.

Pulp burial casket and making same. GE
Sliaw.

Pulp compression apparatus. G E Shaw.
Pump, combined steam and power. G de
Laval.

Pumping apparatus for sprinkling systems.

B L Sto^^ e.

Punch macliine, center. R S Peabody.

Pume, coin registering. M H Metal.

Puzzle or game. J A Kirk.

Pyroxlin compound and making same. RS
Schupphaus.

Race track leveling macliine. W T New-
port.

Railway. C F Laih.

Railway bond, electric. II B Nichols and F
II Lincoln.

Railway electric switch. W V and J II Ash
Railway frog. I) Horrie.

Railway signal. F R Payne.

Railwa}’ signaling system. M Corrington.
Railway switch and locomotive attacliment
for operating same. W Holliday ami T F
Rawls.

Railway switch, automatic. J M Dixou.
Railway switcli, automatic. 0 F Duval.
Railway track crossing frog. V N McGee
and W M Mansfield.

Ratchet wrencli. \V G Orcutt.

Razor strop. 11 Bezer.

Refiigerator. R Brand and W Dichmann.
Rheostat. J C Fyfe.

Rheostat 2. A .1 Shaw.

Rheostat and heater. R C Mitchell.

Rolling mills, support for mandrel bars of
tube. (J G Larson.

Row boat. G Yogel.

Sasli fastener, A A and C P Allen.

Sash fastener. F Biirmehter.

Sash tastener. J H Dickson.

Sash fastener. J B Letourneau.

Sasli fastener. T E Waidwell.

Sash lock. C A Robert.

Sashes or blinds, frame or casing for window.

P 3lcKenzie.

Saw, circular. .T Little.

Saw set. J W Packard,

Scale, computing. H Paddock and U B
Johnson,

Scale, weighing. W A Wheeler.

Socomlary liattery. E M Poston,

Separating machine, centrifugal. (> Ohl-
suii .

Setting machine. F Bean.

Sewing machine. P B Laskey.

Sewing on button.s, macliine for, A Wal*
rath.

Shaft lianger. F N Gardner.

Slice. T F Marshall.

Shutter, window. D Pobst.

Sleigh. R W Walker.

Sleigh runner. H ami .1 K Pangborn.

Slide and buckle, combined. D Carpenter.
Smelting titanic iron ore, method of and
composition of matter for. J L Randall.
Sounding apparatus. 0 E Kirtiand.

Sower, seed. J Miisgruve.

Spectacles or eyeglasses. J L Borsch.

Stall Hour. W A and S G Brown.

Stamp, rubber hand. S D Arnold, J B Ven-
ker, and W L Barnard.

Steam trap. 0 Gassett.

Stools, wooden base for piano. P H York.
Storage battery 2. C J Reed.

Stove, gasolene. 31 W Palmer and G S
M unro.

Stovepipe joint. J E Smiley.

Stovepipe ventilating attachment. A Bay.
Street sweeiier. H Mueller, Jr.

Stump extractor. J C Sharp.

Suspender cast off. G E Adams,

Tablets, macliine for the manufacture of
Compressed. L Tliomas.

Tally register for grain measurers. C Sny-
der.

Tally table. F W Sowatsky and M Schim-
meyer.

Telegraph and teleplione system, combined
municipal. H 31 Seitzinger.

Telegraphic and telephonic exchange sys-
tem W Childs.

Telegraphing between cars of railways,
means ffu* multiplex. A Fryer.
Teleplione. W C and J 31 Lockwood.
Telephone exchange system. W Childs.
Telephony. F R Colvin.

Temperature regulator 5. T 0 Perry.
'I’eatiug mMchine. J II Kellogg.

Thill coupling. J Henrotty.

Ticket canceling apparatus. H B Sergeant.
Tobacco cutter. J Helliugs.

Tobacco moistening device. C N Swift.
Tonnage comimter. G C Warren.

Tool handle, combination. W J 3Iorrison.
Trace. G S i)urtin.

Trap. F Lamplougli.

Trolley catclier. A S Osborn.

Trolley line breaker. C II Dey and J 31 Aii-
derst.m.

Trolley wire clip. J W Perry.

Truck, car. J C Barber,

Truck, hand. H 0 Tliomas.

Tiiink. H and J F Fuchs.

Twine hoMer. P C Schowalter.

Type, apparatus for automatically jusiifying.
P F Cox.

Tyjio setting machine 2. P F Cox.

Type writer coj)}’ holder. S L Conde.

Type writing machine. JN William.s.
Yalve, engineer’s biake. I) L Barnes.

Yalve gear, steam engine. H W .\rmstrung,
Yalve mechanism, engine. C Schmid.

' Yalve, steam. R 31 Fryer.

Yalve, syringe. H D Taggart.

Yehicle brake, automatic. J A 3Iouuce am
1) L Delaney.

3'eliicle wheel. F 3Iyers.

Yciieer articles, apparatus for molding.
Filip.

Yise. RSPeabodj.

Yise. F A Pickering.

- Waffle iron lever handle. C J Hess.

Wagon. 31 P Jacobsen.

5 M'agou brake. Y T Sweeny.

Wagon sand band. J A Fulton.

Walls, construction of. L Kupper.

Watch alarm. J W Nunaiuaker.
Waterproofing compound. W 11 Browne.
Wheel. E D Misner.

V’’ Wheel. G Turner and J 31 11 Yenour.
Wheel rim joint vehicle. L Rastetter.

Wheel rim, veliicle, R A Gibson.

Wlietstone. R Itntton.

Window, F C von Heydebrand mid der
Lasa.

Window cleaner. R G 3Iitchell.

Wrupidng macliine. C J Weinman and E E
Euclienhofer.

Wrench and oiler, combined. T Tierney.
Yeast, manufacturing. A 3Iyers,

PATENTS GRANTED NOV. 13, ’94.

Acid, making salicylic. S 3Iarasse.

Acid, maiinfarture of anhydrous stannic. I
A F Bang and M <’ A Kutfin.

Air brake couplinga, sealing cap for. II C
3IcCarty.

Air brake* regulating apjiaratns. H E limit.
Air draft control apiiaratus. II Becknagel.
Air inlet or draft doors, means for opening
or closing. C A Gifford.

Aligning macliinery, method of ami appar-
atus for. R J Snyder.

Alloying lead and zinc. F J Clamer.
Amalgamator. C F Pike.

Amalgamator sluice box, automatic. II L
Phillii's.

Animal trap. C R 3read.

Annunciator, automatic set back. H C
Thomson and J Galbraith.

Ant trap. W B Carter.

Antirattler an<l shaft suiiport, combined. E
0 Hall.

Ai mor I'lato, manufacture of. T J TTesidder.
Auger for boring and reaming. L F 0 Rich
and J 11 Hull.

Baling press. F I obison.

Beehive snpe.i. G C Ferguson,

Bicycle. E Homan.

Bicycle alarm. J A Weaver, Jr.

Bicycle driving gear 4. D Lippy and L E
Finfrock.

Binder for leaves, G H Winslow.

Bleaching. H Tines and E Herzig.

Boiler. J Pierpoint.

Boiler furnace. J Lister.

Boiler furnace. V/ 31cCIave.

Belting macliine. C W Yost
Bottle guard, 0 31 Boscowitz.

Bottle, non filling. 11 I Leith.

Box. A 31 (falland.

Box or package. G P Cato, Jr.

Box wiring or hooping machine. E A
Cooley.

Boxes, etc., corner stay for. H Gaud
Alexander,

Bridge, truss. J A L Waddell.

Bridges, roofs, etc., construction of. J E
Greiner.

Bridle bit. E L Cruger.

Brush bridle, paint. C Boeckh, Jr.

Burglar alarm. P II Lindsey and C 11
Squires.

Button fastening machine, automatic. I J
Saunders.

Cabinet and index file. I E Edgar.
Calendering machine. R Butterworth,

Can labeling macliine. C R Frazer.

Can making machines, carrier for. R D
Hume.

Can testing machine. D D Ranney.

Candle extinguisher. J Boyle,

Cap, pillow, and life preserver, comhine<l. F
Frank.

Car brake, railway. L Roberts.

Car coupling. A G Clark.

( ar coupling. G Gladfelter.

Car coupling. G B Leonard.

Oar coupling. 31 3Iills.

Car coupling. G A Norcross.

Car couiJing. G Soner.

Car, dumping. II H Brown.

Car dumping apparatus. J 31 Phillips.

Car femler. E B Graff.

Car fender. J 3IcCarthy.

Car fender. F 1) Weber.

Car fender, street. H C Kennedy and G W
Roletter.

Car heater. R 31 Dixon.

Car heater, street, 31 K Brown.

Car poling <levice, railway. W C Boswell.
Car, railway. G W Bancroft.

Car safety guard. F Zorn.

Cars, reversible driving gear tor. J IIop-
kirk.

Carpenter’s work holder and guide. C Rain-
bridge.

Carper stretcher. J E Baines.

Cash jiitching apparatus. T J Reinhard.
Casks, apparatus for extracting residual sub-
stances from. E E 3Iur{>hy.

Casket lid fastener. W C Langenau.

Casket lowering device. A C Richardson.
Casting crucible steel, apparatus for. C
Capper.

Center board, boat. W R Eaker.

Chain attachment block, elevating or con-
vey iug. D Bennett.

Chloriii, obtaining. L 3Iond.

Cigar press. E J Fink.

Cigar tif) cutter. F PSparmakep.

Cigar vending machine. H L Kirtley.
(’igarette macliine cutter, E T Pollard.
Cleaning and polishing compound. 0 I Lit-
tell.

Clock, alarm. T Riddinger and T .T Kane.
Clock, self winding electric. A Luugen.
Closet pull attachment. L 31 Hooper.
Clutch. D Bennett.

Clutch, friction. W R Smith.

Cock, blow off'. W McIntosh.

Coffee pot. N G Bond.

Collar or cuff shaping macliime, E G Smitli
Colter clasp. F E Davis,

Commode. E Leslie.

Conveyer. J Bulger.

Coop, metal foldingeliicken. I Zimnu'rman.
, Coop, poultry shipping. J A Gilliland.

Corn husking machine. 31 Young.

Cotton liand cutter. L S Gardner, G Cook,
and A O Tannenberg.

Cotton chopper and cultivator, combined. R
J Brown and J E Register.

Cover and fruit jars or other vessels. 0 N
Brady.

Cream separator, centrifugal. W C Hart-
man.

Cultivator 2. J F Packer.

‘'iirrent electrodyiianiic machine, alternat-
ing. 31 Ilutin and 31 Leblanc.

Cutting machine. F Wilcox.

Damper, etc., stove. N D White.

Dental artii nlator. .1 W Amler.’jon.

J htching or gra<ling ajiparatus. L P F"X.

Door clo.ser. F R Bauer.

Draft equalizer. A M'-Dojiald.

Drilling imu hitie. D Jont-s.

Drills, etc, .adjusting device for. W .1 3L-\\er.
Drills, rotary support for liaml. .1 W ImtT.
Drop 'liglits, canopy for counterweight, A
Zcmpliner.

Drying cylimler for textile nirehiii'Ty. W
t ; 3Iackinney.

Drying frame. A C Sliarpell.

Dumping cage. J N Wright,

Dye, manufacture of yellow ami orange. F
3luhleit.

Far niutr. I B Kleiii'-rt.

Egg case. H C Herr.

Egg fillers, machine for making. II K IL.rr.
Electric conductor conduit. .1 Tatham.
Electric cut out, automatic. I) F Sweet.
Electric instruments, binding post tor. E
Low(‘.

Electric machine, dynamo, R Thiiry.

Electric macliine regulator, dynamo. J
Ferraml.

Electiic roads, underground conduit for. E
E 3Iatliers.

Electrical conductor.s, sheathing. J Tatham.
Electrical cut out. D F Sweet.

Electrical transformer. F S Culver.

Electrical transformer. F Zickermann.
Electricity, means and apparatus for distrib-
uting. H T Harrison.

Electrolytes, metliod of ami apparatus for
circulating liquid. P Schoop.
Electromagnetic machine. G J Scott.
Electrotype plates, making. J W Naughtou.
Elevator. L 31 Johmson.

Elevator .safety device. W P Ki<lder. (Re-
issue).

Elevator ways, automatic safety giiasd for.

J Kobos.

Elevator well gates, device for operating. 0
F De Arden .

Engine stiqqau ^ apiiaratus. N E Nash,
Extension table, il GSchtiarr.

Aaiii’et register gage, A W 3Ieyer.

Felly joint, wheel. W F Morton.

Fence. J U Fraser.

Fencing, machine for making barbed wire.

E S Lenox.

Fertilizers from waste lyes, obtaining. L
Trails.

File, bill. O Ilossfeld and P Kussner.

File, paper. J B 3IcEiially.

Fire alaim system, automatic, 11 S Tunuard
and A M Keays

Fire engine lighter. C W Fnos.

Fire[)roof furling, jiartition or wall. BE J
Eils.

Floor, ceiling, etc , fireproof. T L Banks,
Flour, mechanism tor testing and recording
properties of. J Hogarth.

Fruit sizer. H C Jones.

Fuel, apparatus for manufacturing artificial.

L Kouow.

Fnlmiuatiijg compouml. 11 3Iaxim.

Furnace. F A Jones.

Furnace grate. J H 3Ieissner.

Furnaces, grate for boiler or other. W 31c-
Clave.

Furniture and collapsible table, combination
article of. A W Ellison.

Game apparatus. L Wyler,

Game counter. A Folger and W H Winder.
Game table for soap bubbles. E E 3IcNaugh-
ton.

Garbage treating apparatus, C A Ball.

Gai merit securing device. 0 Yan Uostrum.
Garment stretcher. L 31jdIory.

Gas apparatus, water. 0 N Guldiii.

Gas buiuer. S B Ksse.x.

Gas burner. 0 Wliittiiigham.

Gas ligliter, electric. 0 G Savage.

Gases, recovering iodids, chlorids, or other
salts from blast furnace. P Gredt.

Gate. SJ Smith.

Glass, apparatus for the manufacture of or-
namental sheets or plates of. J W Bonta.
Glass, leer or annealing oven fur sheet or
plate. J W B jiita.

Gobi extracting apparatus. J B Hannay.
Governor, fluid iiressiire. L L Cutler.

Grain binder. E E [)avi.'?.

Grain drill heads, changing gear for. T A
Hill.

Grate. A Bryce.

Grate, dumping. E Fales.

Grinding ami jiolisliing machine. 31 II
Reynolds.

Grinding and pulverizing cylinder. R F
Abbe.

Gun, magazine. 31 C Lisle.

Hame. II C Brookens and L Bohriiiger.
Hammer, magyzine tack. F R Bischofl.
Hanger. L Lane.

Harness attacliment. G Beck.

Harrow disk sharpener. J A Cass.

Heating apparatus, J Hinstin.

Heating furnace, air. S L Wiogaml.
Heating liquid by means of steam, apjiaratus
for. D B 3Iorison.

Heating system, hot water. L G Allen.
Hinge. A Riley.

Hinge, lock. "NV' Ileirenscheidt.

Hose coupling. J l>oSter.

Hot water furnace. F A Gardner.

Ice machine. W L Church and S A Reeve.
Ice making ajiparatus 4. W L Cliurrli.

Ico making apparatus. W L Church ami S
A Reeve,

Ice making machine. W L Church and S A
Reave.

Ice, means for preventing air hubbies in. E
W Richter.

Inhaling cabinet. R E Lee.

Iron or steel, process of and apparatus for
the maiiutacture of, R 31 Hunter.
Ironing maehine. S A Pratt.

Jewelry setting. Z A 0[)peaheiiner.
Keylnde guard. 31 A Linder.

Eiiob, door. C A Lindholm.

Ladder ajiparatus, fire. II L Goodwin.
Lamp, electric, j Brcckie.

Lanqis, counterweight for suspender. A
Zemiiliner.

Liquids, apparatus for driving off volatile
constitntents from 2. W T Walker.

Litter. R < >t tega.

Lock. C H La Belle.

Loom, pile latric 2. H Wyman and G Poole.

I.omii shuttle l-ox ..p*Tatii)g in--- huiii-m. L
HD- 'U iiiiig.

Lubi i' :«ior. ■ W Hiifit.

Liimb.-r -tampin^r alt e hiii' Ilf for •^a\^in:.: u
trimming ma' hiij' -. .1 P Ri- .ly.

Magn- t, el-M t!.,. r (' G.-ila- h.

Mail-rane. M .1 (Jr -/.

ing aii'l regi-t- ring apparatu-,

(’ A (Jihl

M'*a-ui iag d- \ il '-. ( ^\■ S' hramiu.

Mea-iiiiiig marlline. r'q-*. ‘ L Mather-.

Measuring tank. J Hall
Meal chopping III. e hill'-. J W Firn uL
Meal ( litter. O D Wo'/'lni:!

Milk Hteiili/.iiig apparain-, K l.'--li'-.

Milling iiia- hine. B F Ifirn- -.

M iiiei - pi-'k . K J > llute
.Mold, parallel. F L Slone.

MmI..!' I'ower eijgiue. .1 Landry and G P y-
roux.

3Io\ser-, gra-- cat'hing aftarhmenl t-r
lawn. (' 1*C Ilaiiii.

Napkins, fdc., holder for. .1 II I’i-ri ep-^nt.

Nut and l>olt ha k. 9 ], Ku-h.

Nut, l(jck. N L' idgeij.

Ollice indicator. II G Kb-n/e.

Oil can. A W Knittel.

(Jil cloth, plant for the manufa'.lure of.
T'-mpleton.

Orange cup ari'l pnlj* remover. I! Major.

Ore washer or conceiitral'-r Dk (' F Pike.

(.)re V u'vhiiig, concentrating, and amalgainat •
ing sy>lem. C F I'ike.

Packing compound for therinocanters. J
Zorn ami F G Ln(•he^i.

Paillock. permutation. * II Wixid.

Paint, coinpo.-^iiion of mat er f-r. (J L C.,M
W H , and A M II de Biuy- k'-r.

Paper box. E E Pinkerton.

Paper fc'-der.s. side registering meclianism
for. (J Sague.

Paper hanging at'paratns- NV W Davi-.
Pajier, methed of and marhine for -epaiating
and teediiig sheets 4>f II Brad.-haw.

Paper pail. F W Wil- . x.

Penholder. E L Brown.

Phonograj'h. coin controlled. FS Church.
Pliotographie prints, macliine for mounting.

J W 3IcCabe.

Pianoforte and agraffe therefor. F B Long.
Pile driving apiiaratus. C McDermott.

Pipe wrench. 31 H Hr/.a.

Pipes, device for thawing i' c* from. I H
Simpson.

Pitch board. W E Frasier.

Placer machine, dry. 11 W and M Watson.
Plaiiimeter. E J Willis.

Planter. J R Norcott.

Planter check row attachment, corn. Y

Planter, corn. H II Gunner and F G Shirley.
Planting machine fertilizer attachment. L
A Asiiinwall,

Plastering compound. A W Smith.

Plow, hand garden. W C Gillmore.
I’neumatic tired wlieel. U W Yerdon.
Polishing machine. E Berglind and A
Keuterdahl.

Potato digger, CH Hall.

Power transmitting device. J Evans.

Pulley. F Girr.

Pulley, sash. W R Fox.

Pump screen cleaning attachment. E A
Richardson.

Race track D B Stevenson.

Rail chair and lie, combined. J Albreclit.
Rail joint. M C Niles.

Railway electric switch. C M Fitch.

Railway gate and signal, automatic. E
l>eath.

Railway rail. A F La Shell-'^.

Railway signal 2. G P Adams and J S
Lyiiam.

Railway switch. J I* Butclu'r.

Railway switcli. B F Lougbmiller.

Railway switch. H Bolis.

Railway switch, electric, R A Baldwin.
Railway tracks, intersecting electric. 31
Low(i.

Reflector and shade, lamj). G H Bliss.
Refrigerator or butter cooler. O 31 liitman
Roach trap. S B Burgess
Rocking chair. (4 C H Kaltwasser.

Rucking chair, T W Wigg.

Rolling mill. S Y Ilubor.

Root cutter. 0 E Thompson.

Rotary cutter 3. J Ettinger.

Rotary engine. 0 E Morse.

Saddle, liaruess. J A 31iller and .1 II \Yar-
motli.

Saudifig device, T J Tliomas.

Saw guide, drag. G M Mi/e.

Saw glimmer or >harpener. J E Oglesl y .
Saw handle. 31 31 Gopo.

Sawmill buffer. E K Tliomas.

Scale, automatic grain. C H Cooley.

Scale beam and poise for te>ting machines.
C E Bu/.by.

Scale, price. C W Smith.

Screw cutting die. J Ilartness.

Seal. E J Brooks.

Semapliore ojieratingapparatus. J S L} nam.
Sewing books. J T 0 Grtloff.

Sewing macliine. 31 T Deniie.

Sewing machine table. T Kundtz. (Reissuet.
Shades, holding device fur spring actiiateil.
J A Lidback.

Shaft hanger. W Byiion.

Sharpening device, razor. P J Caesar.

Sliirt. T ll 3IacI>onald.

Sign, luminous. 3V H<i>kins.

Signal operating wires, compensat-'r for 2. .1

S Lynam and G V Adam-.

Signal leplac'.'r. W K Sykes, Jr., and J P
( dDi.umdl.

Signals, cdectrical apparatus for controlling.

S S Bogart and 31 B Leonard.

Signaling system, train operated. J 11
Fischeu.

Sliding gate. D Fulton.

Smokers use, article or accessory for. R S
Peabody.

Snow wheel, centrifugal. N 3IcKay
Soldeting Ilux, device for applying. D 31
3Ioiiroe.

Spindle and bolster. F 31 Garcelon.

Spool cabinet. G Richberger.

Spooling or wiiulim:' frame. B L Sto^\e.
Spring motor. S Kruecer.

Stamp sticking or sealing machine. J T
Shaw.

-240

THE INVENTIVE AGE

Stay, garment. E E Plowell.

Steam boiler. E P’ Edgar.

Steam elevator. R J McCarty.

Steam or other fluid boiler. L P Perkins.
Steeriuc apparatus. R S Peabody.
Sterilizing apparatus. G Popp and H Beoker.
Stove. W J Keep.

Stove. A A Ruby.

Stovepipe punching machine. C Eshlimau.
Strawboard bending apparatus. T Remus.
Street sweeper. MlMueller, Jr.

Street sweeper. A G Rusenhauer and R
Brussel.

Stump extractor. J C Smith.

Sucker rod adjuster Z. D M Edmonds.
Suction pipe tor suction devices. C F Pike.
Sulky. VN' H C Diessel, W 0 and E i) Foote.
Sulky, trotting. H A Pennock.

Surgical splint. H A \\ eed.

Swing. S I Alston.

Switch. 0 Hansel.

Table C Storz, F Sorg, and F Henni.
Telegraph, aiitograi'hic. J O’Neil.
Telephone. J Seidiiiko.

Telephone, magnetic. O Higgins.

Thermo electro generators, radiating and
supply system for. M 15 Cox.

Thrashing cylinder. P Swenson.

Thrashing machine attacljineiit. LT Austin.
Tire, bicycle. 10 S Frazier.

Tire, bicycle. E Granert.

Tobacco hands in cases or casks, device for
packing. 1> NV Gray.

Tongue, vehicle. T F Power.

Toy balloon inflater. J S Moore.

Trace hook. J Hines.

Trolley. B F hare and 0 M Greer,

Trolley wire hanger. J lil Anderson.

Truck. J I) Grabill.

Truck, car. B F iManier, Jr.

Tube expander. W M Bullock.

Turnstile gate, coin controlled. U H Williams.
Turnstile register actuating attachment. U
H Williams.

Type bars, machine for producing cast. 0
Skatulla.

Type writting machine. W F Kasson.

Type writting machine. (J >Spire.

Umbrella, folding. R H Platzleld.

Umbrella rib retainer. J Forbes.
Undershirt. L Rubens.

Valve. R P Fuwler.

Valve. J Victor.

Valve, float. I> U Buick.

Valve for air brakes, automatic pressure re-
taining. OS Pike.

Valve, oil can. 0 Wagner.

Valve setting lever. E W Harden.

Valve, straiglitway. J T Paget.

Vehicle door. (J A right.

Vehicle wheel. E C F Becker.

A'ehicle wheel, roail H iMoore.

Vehicle, wheeled. C E \\ nu»'k.

Velocipede crank shaft. F S Puther.
Velocipede crank shaft and bearing. J S
Copeland.

Velocipede, ice. iM Swenson.

A'ending machine. J Walton.

Vessel. W E Dodge,

A'essel, steam freight ami passenger. A 3Ic-
Duiigall.

Vise, bench. R S Peabody.

Walls, fireproof framing for p)artition or
other. T L Banks.

Watchmaker's poising tool. C H Landgraft.
Water closet coupling. W Yunderinau.
^Vatel■ meter. 0 W I5eck
Weigher grain. E C Young.

Wflding ai>paratiis, pipe. S Leek and J
Norton.

Wind instrument mouthpiece. F R Skid-
more.

Windmill or wind motor. S J Rollasoii.
Window. J Ort.

Window screen. L H Slioldt-r.

Wire braiding machine. J P Cleaveland.
Wire lacing, deviee f T crimiiing. R Pare.
Wire netting machine. G F Wriglit.

Wire rolling apparatus '2. P Schrader.

Wire stay weaving <levice. E 11 Stowell and
G W Terry.

Woo<l bundling niaehine, kindling. D S
i^hhutt and (t G Parker.

Wooden rim, band. ole. S Elliott.

PATENTS GRANTED NOY. 20, ’94.

Advertising or display device. A von Cotz-
liauseii.

Armature core. J J Wood.

Baby walker. N P Bradish.

Bag. J N Bull.

Ballot box W "M Demott.

Band cutter and feeder. H D 3Iay.
anjo. F H Andres.

Bean picker. M M Nye.

Bed and couch, combined. E B Clark.
Bedstead fasteuing. 0 S Foster.

Belt fastener. C Claud^' and J Klusmeyer.
Bending special shapes of iron, steel, or
other metal, machine for. F Setter.
Bicycle foot brake. C F Porter.

Black, producing figures on anilin. F V
Kallab.

Boats, apparatus for facilitating launching
life. H H Hallet.

Boiler. G H Waltz and L E Patton.

Boiler furnace. 1) S Richardson.

Boilers, automatic water feeder for steam.
J H Johnson.

Book back or cover. E Frith.

Book holder. B I Gilman.

Boot or leggin for ladies or childien, rain.
E A Bailey.

Boot or shoe shank buffer. G Tlierrien.
Boring machine. N N Riddell.

Bowling alley. M Knullmuller.

Brake shoe. A W Field.

Bread cutter. S Strande.

Biick drier car. A T Beinis.

Bridle hit. F Bigelow.

Brush and scraper for cleaning hoots or
shoes, combined. .1 C Wood.

Buncli shaper. E Barth.

Burial api'aratns. T I^lartin.

Butchering apparatus. P A Davis.

Cabinet, grocers. J 31 Gotf.

Cable switch. G C Ormer'^d.

Calendar Iiulder, memorandum. R L Cramj)
ton.

Camera. A Delug.

Can or ve.ssel. G Brinton.

Car and attaclinient, dumping. S W Beatty.
Car coupling. J S JL-aton.

Car coupling. B Luhr.

Car couidiiig H W Taylor.

Car elevator and dumiier. L E and II Hoy.
Car fender. W F Diincker.

Car feTider. G W Oakley.

Car fender, street. A F Boardnian,

Car life guanl, street. 31 W Lydon.

Car sand box E Heiz.

Cars, apparatus for geoeratiiig electricity fur
lighting railway. T A 3IuiTay.

Carpet beater. F T Frost,

Carpet fastener. T. F .Ambrose.

Cash register. J A Williams.

Ceilings, metallic panels for. E G Caldwell.
Centrifugal machine. J Nhiylor, Jr.*

Chair. 31 J Halliburton.

Chair seat. U S Foster.

Check hook. .1 N Moehn.

Checkrtiii hook. G W Begole.

Cistern, portable. 0 0 Walker and R G
3[oon.

Clay to make ballast, etc, buvuing. H G
Butler.

Cloth, method of and machine for fulling,
H Balbian.

Clothes drier. J Reilly.

Cock box, stop. B C Anderson.

Cofiee pot attachment. H B Adams.

Collar fastener, horse. U Itrake.

Cop tnlie. T Henry. Jr.

Corner strip. F Kees.

Cotton, feed regulating device fur machines
for opening and preparing. J C I’otter,
Cotton gin, roller. J Stapleton.

Crevasses, apparatus for Iiuldiiig emls of and
closing. W Bai)tist.

Ciutch. (t B 3rain.

Cultivator. A Hamilton iiml WE 3I(.>rrison.
Cultivator. C 3Iaul.

Cultivatcr reidanting attachment. A Wehr-
man.

Cut ofl, rain water. J 31 Castaing and J B
Dohin.

Damjier, cooking stove or range. F V
Knaiiss.

Decoy, collajisibha W W Roberts.

Dental chair. A W Browne.

Diamonds in cutting tools, setting. A Ditt-
mer.

l>irect acting engine. G P Deane.

Display device, knockdown. A von Cofz-
hausen.

Display rack. F F J5ent.

Door hanger. 0 W Ltullard.

I>oor hanger. .1 G and G Lane.
l>our, interchangeable storm and screen. .T
l)eritis.

Drum, heating. J E Newhouse.

Dyeing anilin black. F V Kalla)*.

Dyeing machine. L Weldom.

Egg case, folding. H E 3le Kinney.

Electric cireiiit. J W Maisli.

Electric conductors, manufacture of 2. J
Robinson.

Electric light fixture. J R Konetshny,
Electric machine, cuntinuou.s current dyna-
• mo. 31 llutin ana 31 Leblanc.

Electric switch and cut out. J C Cassidy.
Electric switch or cut out. J C Cassidy.
Electrician’s combination tool. J 31 Gile.
Electromagnetic apparatus. SD Field.
Elevator controlling device. C W Baldwin.
Enameling, W C ^towart.

Engine safety' device. W 31 Wood.

Engine steering mechanism, traction. B
Jackson.

Evaporating apparatus. II See.

Eyeglasses, device for securing. 31 McDou-
gall.

Fan motor,’ electric. F X Hofbauer.

Fare box. G B 31 Harvey.

Fence compensator, wire. P Herman.
Fence, wire. J W Alverson.

File, paper. E A Sliarp).

Filter. F B Arendell.

Filter. W Lorey.

Filter. E C and J E WiLiamson.

Eire escape. E Rank.

Fishing reel. P J 3IayT)e.

Flush tank. T Walsh and D Keogh.
Folding chair. W N Clark.

Furnace walls, composition for. J Kirch-
inann and K Schwinghanimer
Gage. T Francis.

Game board. J Beaman.

Garden implement. C G 3Iortenson.

Gas and electric light fixture, combination.
G A Lueben

Gas cleaner. T S C Lowe.

Gas, manufacturing. 31 Lorois.

Gas motor. 31 Lorois.

Gearing, grain drill. R Galloway.

Glass blowing mold. A G Neville.
Glassware, hollow. H Guinard.

Governor, steam engine. W G Shepherd.
Grass hook W Sellers.

Grate 2 H R Luther.

Gun barrels to stocks, detachalily securing.
.1 31 31arliii.

Gun. self acting breech loading. A GDungh-
erty.

Gun sight, illuminated. E von Skoda,

Hanie coupling. A T Doerr.

Hammer ami nail puller, combined. J II
Ilebl)letbwaite.

Hammer, power. J B Sweeny and- R W
Lain).

Ilay press. N B Wilder.

Hay stack frame. J P Brown.

Hravester, corn. G T Van Buren and T C
Travis.

Harvester, cotton. G N Todd.

Hitching device, Iiorse. 0 Genghagel.
Hoisting and drilling machine. T B Hack-
man, L and A Ruppel.

Hook or eye strip. J H Goodbody.

Hop picking and separating machine. W
II Clark.

Hub attacliing device. F J Herman.

Ice, apparatus for jireparing water fur the
manufacture of. L Block.

Indexes, nianiifactiuing. R L Brown.

Insect trap for trees, etc. A F Carlson.
Insulated electric conductor. J Robinson.
Insulator, scctifii. \ Ilennefeld, C I)ehner,
and C H Van Ness.

Ironing table. R F Coleman.

Journal hearing. A W Kirscli King.

Jug or jar. P P Wilbur.

Key ring ami cigar cutter, combined. EB
Aiguier

Knitting machine, automatic. W I) Butz.
Knitting machine, automatic circular. W
H Stewart.

Knitting machines, automatic stitch regula-
ting me«lianism for. W H Stewart.

Lamp, electric incandescent. E Thomaorr
and E W Rice, Jr.

Lamp wick resnlator. W L Harding.
Lanijis, air distributer for central draft. - J
Jaiicli.

Lamps, lighting or extinguishing street. C
Kewell.

Lamps, switching ajtparatii.s for incandescent
t lecTric. OE Scribner.

Lantern. J W Senior.

Basting machine 2. 0 II Kelley.

Latch. E S Winchester.

Lock. W W Davis.

Lock. T J Julinston.

Locomotive a.^li {>aiis, device for removing
ashes from. A Reynolds
liocomotive, gearless electric. C J Van De-
Poele.

Loom, moquotte. E Tyineson.

Looms for weaving pile fabrics, wire retain
ing device for. fl Hardwick,
laibricator. G Binder.

Lubricator. N Leidgen.

Marker, land. H Bowers.

3Iatrix bar and making same. A S Cape-
hart.

Measuring instrument, electrical 2. E Wes-
ton.

31easuriiig instruments for switchboards,
electrical. J VanVleck.

3IecUcal purposes, treating air for. R W
Rogers.

Metal and making same, compositon of. P
Inch.

Metal cutting shears. B P Autrey.

31ilking machine. R Withell.

31oquette fabric. E Tymeson.

Mowing machine. S V Kennedy.

3Iustache curler. C C Burgio.

3Iustache guard. 31 V Kingsbury.

Nail making machine, wire. G W Bond.

Nut lock. S Stevens.

Obstetrical stirrup. J 31 3Iaurer.

Ordnance breech mechanism. S 0 Leijon-
stein.

Ores, etc , grading. D Brennan, Jr.

Ures, treating. H II Eames.

Paper bags, making. W A Lorenz and
Claiissen.

Paper feeding machine. G Sague.

Plane, carpenter’s. H Foucault.

Planing marliine. J Thomlinson, Jr,, and
E L Kastholm.

Planter, Z H Miller.

Planter, seed drill and cultivator, combined
corn. 31 P 5?inipson and E P Williams.

Planting corn, method of and means for. J
W Hill and L I) Benner.

Plaster boards, machine for manufacturing.
E 0 Smitli.

Plate or platter. W G Gaskill.

Plow, wheel. F Bunjes.

Press for riveting, etc, metal. L W Noyes.

Printing machine. J L Firm.

Printing press. W H Golding.

Printing press, single acting sheet. J L
Cox .

Pump belt shifting device, air. C W Nason.

Pump, force. J K Van Pelt.

Pumping engine. J Cochrane and W Wal-
ker.

Quilting frame. T W Broadfoot.

Quilting machine. W B and I A Click.

Railway gate, automatic. W T Crawford.

Railway switch, street. 0 Coughlin.

Railway, underground electric. H B Nich-
ols and F II Lincoln.

Railways, contact device for uvei head elec-
tric. J L Blackwell.

Railways, metallic cross tie for. C Coleman
and R de Saussure.

Regenerative fuinace A Laughlin and J
Reuleaux.

Regulating device. R Thury.

Rollingapparatus, beam. F JI Kindi. (Re-
issue.)

Roofing imi’lernent. F G Caldw<dl.

Saw. W B Vaughan.

Saw stretching maidiinc, hand. W Hollings-
worth and .1 Korbel.

Sawing machine, pole. L W Noyes

Scalding vats, liog conveyer ami throw out
for. R 31 and J Eagle.

Scraper, wheeled. T K 3IcKnight.

Scrapers, automatic dumping gear for wheel-
ed. TJ Kelly.

Screen. G W Cross.

Screw driver and drill, spiral. W H 3IcCoy
and II L Pratt.

Separator. J H 3Iaggard.

Sewing machine cording attachment. P
Schoen.

Sewing machine for barring and tacking. G
SHill.

Sewing mrchine guide. P Schoen.

Sewing machine liemmer. P Schoen.

Sewing machine hemstitching attachment.

' PSclKen.

Sewing machine needle threader. PBralley.

Sewing machiue plating attachment. P
Schoen.

Sewing machines, guide for two needle. P
Schoen.

Shades, holding device for siTing actuated.
E T Burrows.

Shades, holding mechanism fur spring ac-
tuated. J A Lidback.

Sbear bow. D and D C Whet-ler.

Sheet metal vessel ami making same, key
opening. J Zimmerman.

Shingle siding and machinery fheref<*r, man-
ufacture of. L H 3Iontros?.

Ship’s bottom sheatbing. P Inch.

Shirt. S l^eutsch.

Shutter fastener. J AV Johnson.

Shutter worker. U De Cliamp.

Sifter, furnace a'h. J Keller.

Sirup purifier. J Naylor, Jr.

Sled, coasting. J li Holt.

Smelting apparatus, ore. B Brazelle.

Spiegeleisen, manufacturing. G E3Ioore.

Stall floor. H W Thayer and W J Wallace.
Stamp, ticket. C N Souther.

Steam boiler. T Gunning.

Steam engine. N W Barnett.

Steam generator. J H Kendall.

Stencil. G W Robinson.

Sterilization of materials in bottles, jars, clc,
apparatus for use in. A Ilussener. ♦
Stirring in or mixing device. W H How'-
ard.

Store service apparatus. W R Cole.

Stove or range for burning bituminous coal.
W A Greene.

Straw stacker. J 3IcCnllough.

Sugar refineries, apparatus for beating water
in. C Spreckels.

Switch. F B Badt.

Switch and signal lever. H B Potter.
Switchboard system, multiple. C E Scrib-
ner.

Switch mechanism. S B Battey..

Synchronism indicator, audible 2. R D
31ershon.

Synchronizing alternating current motors or
generators, method of and means for. H
N Potter.

Tap for drawing liquids from casks, barreds,
etc. J H Blessing and T E Murray.

Target trap electrical releasing- device. C
H North.

Telegraph, printing. B A Ffske.

Telegraph, printing. G A Scott.

Telephone system. J I Sabin.

Telephones, antiseptic mouthpiece for. R N
Denison and F 31 Gear}'.

Thill coupling. G Biownleas.

Tbill couplings, antirattler for, A Fraser.
Thrashing machine. R Knight.

Thrashing machine band cutting attachment.
R L Cooley.

Ticketing machine, fl F Livermore.

Time check receiver. G it and W B Sliep-
ardsun.

Tire valve, pneumatic. 31 Bridges.

Tongs. G D Bulrner.

Tongue support for sleighs. F W Anderson.
Turcli. J Sherry.

Traction engine. 0 0 Heggem.

Triturator. L A Buchanan.

Trolley stand. F N Kelsey.

Trousers stretcher. J B Cook.

Trunk. N Drucker.

Tube machine. 1) B Strouse,

TubulaJ aitieies, making. C T Cayley and
R S Conrtman.

Tug holder. G G F Boswell.

Tumbler washer. S S 0 Gaskell.

Tyjie setting apparatus. L K Johnson.

Type setting appaiatus 2. L K Johnson,
and A A Low.

Type waiting machiue. TJ Downing.

Type writing machine. J Jackson.

Type writing machiue. R W Roberts.
Umbrella. \V Russ,

Umbrella, folding. CNeidig.

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AA^itch protector swivel. AV T Hraham.
AVater closet siphon mechanism. J N San-
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AA’ater distributing system, siphon. JC Eb-
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AVater gage. J A Milliken.

AVater motor. V Feuley.

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AVell idpe puller. J S Cousins.

AVhiffletree. D Able and E Gross.

AVinding macliint-, thread. J W F'oster.
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AViudmill. J Boisclair.

AViudmill. P Erekson.

AA’ire stretcher. AV S I'itzgerald.

AVire stretcher. AV* E Green.

AA'ood ai tides, machine for shaping. C F
Overhiser.

AVood cutting machine. AA' F Hutcliinson.
AA'ood splice. A\' H Lewis.

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AA^rench. AV N Smith.

AVringing macliine. A Burkholder.

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Of the Inventive Age will .secure neatness, dispatch and
moderate prices on all kinds of printing b_v calling on

The Age Printing Company,

Corner 8th and H Streets, N. W.

Call us up by Telephone, 1516, and our representative
will visit you, give estinates and take orders. , , ,

THK INVENTIVE^ AQE

-243

mKm

Joseph Leicester Atkins,

Fateiits and Patent Causes.

Atlantic Building, WASHINGTON, D. C,

Sixty page book free.

Moore’s Shoe Palace

have shoes to suit
everybody both as
regards price, fit
and qualitj’. We
want j^our permi-
nant trade. Every
pair of shoes guar-
anteed. and a ticket
to tlie purchaser of
shoes from 98 cents
and up, 20 of tliese
entitles the holder
to a pair of our best
$1.50 shoes.

Moore’s

Shoe

Palace,

8i0 7th Street,

Next to Kltig’^s Palace,) WASHINGTON,

FREDERICK CARL,

Successor to E. H. Bk.^dford.

Model Maker,

Expert in Perfect Working Models,

Desig’niriff, Draflitijr and Perfect Work-
ing’ Models for Inventors. Models made
from sketches. Patent Office drawings
or home-made models. Duplicates made
of Patent Office models for law suits in
case of infringement. Patterns made
from wood and metal. Manufacturing
of Novelties.

711 G Street, opposite U. S. Patent Office,
WASHINGTON, D. C.

NOW READY.

S. H. Hines,

MAIN OFFICE :

2203 and 2205 14th St., N. W.

BRANCH OFFICE ;

910 4'2 Street, N. W.,

• • • •

Undertaker

and Embalmer.

Telephone 775. WASHINGTON, D. C.

Twenty years experience in the business.

First class work guaranteed at reasonable
prices.

Amiiigeiuciits can be iiiatle with us by telegram for funerals iii any
city or toAvn in the United States or for transleriiig bodit'S from one
eity to aiitttlier. Open day and night tlirongb the year.

S. H. HINES, President of the Peoples Co=Operative
Burial Association, D. C.

STANTON’S STRAINING POT.

Pat. February 18, 1890.

No. Patent 421 ,777.

This device combines a vessel into which liquids
may be poured or drawn, the operation of straining
and measuring being accomplished .at the same time.
A cut of the receptacle gives a clear idea of the con-
struction. The body of the pot is cylindrical in
shape, with ribs or rings placed at various distances
to afford means to measure the contents. A funnel
strainer is seated within tlie top of the pot, so tliat
liquids are g'uided as well as strained as they enter.
A lid ciijs.es ovei t..is LO effectually keep out dirt and dust should the contents be
left standing. A funnel-shaped outlet at the top of the pot provides means to
pour out the contents; a strainer placed within this outlet giving the passing
liquid a second straining. A cap attached to the side bj' a short chain is in
handv reach to close the spout, thus keeping all dust or insects from entering.
This Straining- Pot should find a place in families, drug stores, liquor dealers,
and all grocer^' stores. The whole patent is oft'ered for sale or will be placed on
,a ro3’alty, or will be sold by state or county as desired by purchaser. For iti-
formation address, GEORGE C. STANTON, New Ibekia, Ea.

Tie Washington National Building and Loan Association,

Ohio National Bank Building, Washington, D. C.

Par value of sliares$100, and the holder draws that amount in cash at matu-
rity, estimated at sex’en to eiglit years time. Cost is (»0 cents nionthl,v or
$100 in advance. On the latter dii’iJeJids are ^paid semi-annually, at t>
per ce?it per annum on the amount paid in the first two years and S per cent
per annum thereafter. Stock can be withdrawn any lime after three and
six months with 6 per cent and after two years with S per cent. UncxccUcd
as a method of saving small or t7ivestinff large sums.

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED.

Hon. Joseph D. Taylor, President. W. F. Johnson, Gen'i. Manager.

The Norris Peters Company,

Photo=Lithographers,

458-4GO Peim. Avenue, Wasliiiigton, D. C.

An Entirely New and Practical
Work on Patents.

Special attention given to the reproduction and printing of copies on parchment, drawing-
paper, tracing-linen, and cardboard, of Patent Office drawings for attorneys to accompany api^li-
cation for patents in foreign countries.

Including the Law and Practice of Cases
in the United States Patent Office
and the Courts Holding a Revisory
Relation Thereto. Also, an Appen-
dix of Copyright Decisions, Etc., by
GEORGE H. KNIGHT.

EVERYBODY WANTS THE

LIVESTOCK JOURNAL

And our WORLDS FA1R.5UC.
PREMICJ/A SPRING CURRY COMB
leil U TT to Every Subscriber.

$'1.10 A TEAR.

Write for FREE SAMPLE COPY.
Liberal Cash Commission to Asents.

Western flgricuiturist anil Line StocL JouroaL

334 Dearborn St., Chicago, TIL, or
QUINCY, ILLINOIS.

I. The Patent Franchise.

II. Decisions Relating to Patents for Inven-
tions.

III. Decisions Relating to Patents for Designs.

IV. Decisions Relating to Trade-marks and
Labels.

APPENDIX A. Copyrights.

APPENDIX B, Foreign Patents.

Table of Cases.

One Vol. 8vo. Laxv Slieei>. Price net.

LITTLE, BROWN 5 COMPRNY,

PUBLISHERS.

254 WASHINGTON STREET, BOSTON.

THE

Railroad Car Journal

IS THE ONLY

publication in the world devoted
exclusiveU' to the construction,
maintenance and interchange of
Railroad Car.Equipment. A Jour-
nal for Superi ntendent of Car De-
partment. Foreman, Inspector
and Repairer; and especiallx’ for
inventors of car appliances.
Subscription ONE DOLLAR per
3’ear. Sample Copx' Gratis.

617 Vanderbilt Building, NEW YORK

NEW BOOlv-.TUST OUT.

How to Make and Use the Telephone.

I5y GEOKGE U. CARY, A. M.

Illustrated with working drawings; and
gives practical directions for building and op-
erating telephone lines. Jsut the book foratyv-
bodv interested in this subject. It is the latest
book published, and is up to date.

Contents: Chap. I. The Telephone. IT. The
Telephone Line. III. How to make Receivers
of Simple Conslruclion. IV. Batteries best
suited to Telephone Work. V. Magneto Call
Bells. VI. Switch-boards. VII. Telephone
Troubles and How t . Remed.v Them.

miOJG, r*<>^tx>a id, !^1.

Address, THE INVENTIVE AGE,
M'ashington, D. C.

DC

= I'XVMj I'Ll'.K'l.lliril

CROWN FOUNTAIN AND GOLD PENS.

MEDALS AND DIPLOMAS

at COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, Chicago.
MIDWINTER FAIR, San Francisco.

CROWN PEN CO., Manufacturers,

78 State Stkeet, Chicagu,

(uVrCHELe^roMPKIXS,

Tailors and Importers,

418 12th STREET, N. W'.,

WASH I \(.TON. I>. ( .

WM. DUFFY,

REGISTERED

Plumber and Qas Fitter,

1130 N. CAPITOL ST.,

W.aSHIXGTON. D. C.

ESXIMAa BS BBI’tXIHMBI )

Orders hy mail will receive prompt
attention.

St.vtemeuvt of the Condition of the

Columbia Building, Loan and Investment Asso.

TO J UNE 3l). 1.H04.

ASSETS.

Loans $1j5,423 35

Furniture 6. ‘>44 51

Bills receivable 2.3J2 (M)

Balance due Association from agents

accounts ^secured 2.160 SO

Accrued interest and premium due

and unpaid 7.4S8 5<)

Other assets (secured, 12.110 25

Cash on hand 1413 04

$05,009 35

LIABILITIES.

Paid-Up and jirepaid stock $ 1.426 37

Special deposits 35.446 SO

Monthly stock receipts 14.683 20

Weekly dues receipts 26,734 31

Loads repaid 10,666 58

Balance (profits) 6.742 00

$05,690 35

Amount returned to members $112,313 15

0 and 8 per cent Certificates are issued bv
tins Association for anx’ amount from $25 uj).
paving 6 per cent perannum for the first 3 \'ears
and 8 per cent per annum after 3 x’ears. if not
withdrawn before 5 .vears. These certificates
cannot be withdrawn until after 3 .vears from
date of application.

Alonzo Tweedale. Harrison Dingman.

Secretarx'. President.

17'^^ELSIOR edition

-OF-

# 5t/ind/ird Poets.

In large 12mo Volumes, beautifully printed, bound
in cloth. Price, * 5 tTs. cacSt Postpaid.

This IS the cheap-
est gooa edition of
the foremost writ-
ers ot “thoughts
that breatlie and
words that burn”
in the English lang-
uage. Eobody can
afford to be ignor-
ant of the work ot
these great writers
when they are at-
tainable in the
above descriptive
dress at ihe price
named. The illus-
tration gives a fair
idea ot the shape
of this edition of
Standard Poets.

SH VKI'ISPEAIIE’S AVOKKS COMPLETE
TEi\N \ SION’S POETIC AE AVOUKS.
AIOORIYS PtH'LVlS.

TIILTON'S POEMX.

EOJ.SIS.TII'rSSCS AVtlRKS.

BI KNS'S POE3IS.

OWEN AIEIIEUM IPS POEIfIS.
SCOTT’S POET! < VP AVOKKS.
BVKON'S POEAIS.

BItOVVNBMi’S POEITIS. (Itirs.)
KOBEICT UHOVIMNCi.

IMiELOAV’S POE.TIS.

PSlOCTOIt’S POE.4IS.

I.t CIIjE.

E A .4I I H A K Ql'OT ATIONS.

GEVIS PUOm THE POETS.

SACKE» OEMS EISOAI THE POETS,
IjONOS'EM.OAVS POE3IS.
AVHITTIEIS’S POE'I'K AI. AYOllKS.

Tlie above illustration gives a fair idea of the
style of tliis elegant edition.

7 5 Cesits iJcr Volume Postpaid,

one of the tibove bookv t. ,,,
Inventive Ai.e one year, lor :fl.35:
two books and iNt ENTiVE A(.i; one
year," 51.75: three books and Ini'en-
TiVE Age one rear. 51, Address

THE INVENTIVE AGE.

Washington, D, C

244

THK INVENTIVE^ AOE

lNV^E]SrTIA^J^ A_CtE”

I.1ST OF IsrOA^ELTIES.

I

ELECTRIC

BELL OUTFIT.

This outfit is especially adapted for
front doors, servant calls, barns, expe-
rimental purposes, etc. Full directions
come with each outfit, so that any intel-
ligent boy or fjirl can easily arrange an
electric call bell without the services of
the high pi'iced bell hanger, or elec-
trician, The battery which we furnish
is of the celebrated i.eclanche ty^je, and
with one charge will last for a year
witliout further attention. No well
regulated Injusehold should be -without
one of these modern conveniences, as
their low price places them within the
reach of all, Sent by Express,

This outfit consists of the following
parts : i Nickel Plated Slahogany

Wooden F>ox Bell, 2k; inch long ; 1 Le-
clanche Battery complete; 1 Jlahogany
Push Button with Porcelain Push : 75 feet
Insiilatcil Wire; 1 Package of Staples,
and necessary ,serews. Novelty Electric
Bell Out fit, jiacked in wooden box. Not
mailable. Price S3. Each.

With “Inventive Ag-e” one year, $2.50.

m MCME FSSHER^MN OUTFIT. S1.1

This is the time of the year when the followers of the great Izaak Walton, look up the -various
rticles to lure membirs of the finny tribe; so we hare prepared an outfit tkat eclipses anything yet
mered. for the low price at w.iicfi wa sell it. Eac' . article is made of the best material, and we can
.'uthfully assert that if you buy the articles L:parately, the cost would be double wbat we ask.

Following are the contents; 1. Artificial Worm Ba,it; something new and good when live worms
ail. S. Sn-ong Brass Reel; perfectly made and finished. 3. Spoon Bait; a perfect beauty, warranted
o allure B.iss and other fish. 4. Patent Hook and Sinker attachment; does away with tying knots m
-ish lines. 5 Bait P>ox; strong and well made. B. Heavy Linen Trout Line; will hold the heaviest
:rout. 7. Linen Bass or Salmon T.ine. 8. Furnished Line, complete with patent Float Sinker and
Hook. !). Long Cotton Line on block with hook and sinker, for Ilockhass. Sunfish, Catfish etc
Twelve Itinged Steel Fish Hooks; Iiest stamlard make, sham points and perfect barbs, assorted sizes,
trora Minnows to Weakfish 11. Two Improved Trout Plies; natural bi-illiant colors. 1". One Im-
-iroved Bass Fly: finest made. 1.3 Salmon Ply; perfect shape and color. 14. Two Snell Hooks and
5ut: hooks set on long guts, positve security against fish cutting lines. Patent Fish Stringer;

iomething n.sefiil to lairry Imme your “catch” on. IB. Guide Boo'k, specially written for us by
-V. C. Harris, Editor op tlie American Angler, describing every tisli and IlOW to catch them. Th©
yhole pac!;; J L: a strong wooden bos, mailed post-paid for only Sl-Ott.

COMBINED

KEY AND GIANT
SOllHDEB,
PRICE, ONLY
a/.55.

I^PeOVEB TELEOeAPH IflSTROI^iEliT.

NQ BATTERY REQUIRED.

For Morse alphabet
prac.tioe insendingand
reading by sound,
nothing can be superi-
or to the above shown
instrument. It is made
of the same ma-
terial and on san.e
pattern as the
Gian t key
and
sounder
used in
telegraph
offices,
and has
the sam(
loud.clea
sound and

^ . dcliotit©

touch, frame is brass, the screws copper, the fingerhold black rubber, and the base v.-u-iiishi-d
mapffi, all highly polislied. I’or the student of telegraphy it is the long- sough t-L>r. With this instru-
ment tie is not bothered by uncertain and expensive electrical aiiparatus, or confined to use it on one
certain table, but can carry it around in liis coat pocket or s.itchel, and it is always ready for use. It
IS a high-class instrument in every particular, and can be. sold, wlien the student has finished with it,
fkan the first cost. With it will be sent free, a telegraphic instructiua book and a package
of Morse alphabet cards. Postage 15o. Pries Sl.oa Each.

Willi the “Inventive Ag-e” one vear $2

THE LITTLE DETEGTIVB OAMERA.

Fully Guaranteed to take Perfect Pictures of every class “as quick as a wink.”

PRICE

S3.00.

Owing to the many intricacic.s in the construction
of an instantaneous camera, particularly in the matter
of lenses and shutters, it has required many years of
persistent exjierimenting by men of large experience
to produce at a lo-w price a perfect and practical
machine. As a result of this labor we no-w offer
“THE LITTLE DETECTIVE” which -we guar-
antee to do as good work as many others now on the
market sold from ten to twenty-five dollars.

The plates being small make the expense for taking
pictures very low, and still they are large enough to
make an interesting collection of scenes and subjects
that can be photographed during your daily outings
in city or country. The negatives are also of a suitable
size to make Lantern Slides or Bromide Enlargements
from. The Camera is of sucfi a size ftiat it can bo
carried in a satchel or hand bag and takes up very
little space, its dimensions being 5 inches long, 3 M
inches -wiiie, 4 K inches high, and is handsome in ap-
pearance being covered with genuine leather and has
a liandle on top for convenience of carrying. The
shutter is so simple and perfect that it cannot get out
of order and is certain to work at all times. The
Lense is very rapid and wil 1 jihotograph moving objects
sucli ns horses, animals, lioats, persons walking and
many other subiects too numerous to mention. The plate holder is perfection in itself and carries
two plates Extra holders can be procured at any time. We guarantee everj^camera to be perfect
as evervone is thoroughly inspected before it is packed. Each camera is packed in a box with one
double 'dry plate bolder, (price 9f extra plate holders G5 cents each) sample photograph and full
directions. Postage 18 cents. Price, S3. 00.

Complete Developing and Printing Outfit for Little Detective Camera.

Comprises - 1 dozen dry plates, 1 dozen sheets Sensitized Paper, 1 dozen sheets Blue Print Paper,
i dozen Card Mounts, 1 Ruby Lamp. 2 Peyeloping Trays, 1 Printing Frame, 1 1'ackage Hypo-Soda,
1 bottle Developing Solution, ibottlo Xuiiin& Svlutivu. Cuuuot b© by inuiL
Price Complete, SU.Oji),

Only 50 cents additional and secure the ’‘Inventive A^re** one vear

With “Inventive one year, $1.75.

THEHMOMETEB &, BAROMETER

COMBINATION.

C’omliination Barometer and Thermometer.- Our well known leader.
Blue and Gilt back -5\-itli metal side posts. Fancy top and bottom and hand-
some emnigh to decorate the home of a millionaire. Extra well made and
dependable on for showing changes in lioth weather and temperature. One
of tlie biggest bargains in our list. A handsome thermometer, together with
a glass tube containing a chemical preparation which rises and falls by act-
ion of the atmosphere, foretelling correctly all changes in the -weather.
This is a new style storm glass and the most reliable ever known, being in
use in all signal service stations. The slightest change in tlie atmosphere in
some way affects this glass. The thermometer is also of the best quality.
Both are enclosed in a stand with walnut top and bottom and bine and gilt
back. On either side is also a strong metal bar giving the whole great
strengtli and adding to its appearance. Altogetlier it is a most remarkable
combination for the price and we take pleasure in offering it to our patrons

I'his is not one of tlie many cheap combinations of -whieli the market is
flooded M-liieh are neither good for ornament or use and can never be re-
lied upon to forecast either the -weather or in fact any thing else.

'There is no reason for you to depend on the weather Bureau reports as
every person -v^'ho owns one of onr Combinations, can make his or her fore-
cast and tell exaetlv when it w ill be fine, rainy and in fact every change in
the weather. With this yi >u can tell whetlier to put on rubbers and a mack-
intosh or a pair of summer shoes and a costly dress. Don’t take any more
chances about the tN’ealher but be prepared. Each one packed securely in
a neat box so that they can be mailed up without any fear of getting broken
or damaged. Postage 10c. Price 33o. Each; »!3.00 Doz.

With “Inventive Age” one year, $1.

THE U. S. REVOLVER.

We are “ right ir. it ” on
Revolvers and offer tlie
cream of the market at
extremely low prices and
can assure our customers
that money spent with us

in this line is as good as earned twice over. The
mariufai-ture of plain revolvers li;is so increased
that sidendid pieces can now be liad in large
piantities at marvelous figures, We liave con-
tracted largely for our years supjily and make
these goods a leading feature of our business.

THE U. S. NO, 22 REVOLVER,

A splendid revolver -vdth hard rubber handle; finest steel
thri-iughout; seven shot ; medium size. Ae.carately made and elegantly finished in
full nickel. Just the right size to carry every day. Each in strong box with cleaner.
22 Calibre. A great bargain. Sold everywhere at 52.50. Postage lOo. Our Price
1(1,50. S'liicli.

THE U. S. NO. 32.

Same as No. 22, tnly 32 Calibre. Postage 16c. Price SI. 85 Each.

U. S. PEARL HANDLE, NO. 22 CALIBRE.

22 calibre, fluted, long cylinder, octagon barrel, 7 shooter. Each in box with swab. A daintj
“pcoket piece. ” About as tine a revolver as can be made. I’ostage 10c. Price S2.70 Each.

With “Invent ve Age” one year, SO cents additional.

This Outfit consists of everything shown in cut and ^mentioned below.
A streingand perfectly made IhVJIEll.I, -w-hich will take a picture 2M
inches sipiare, complete with adjustable holder for Plate and PEU FEGT
LENS -v.-itli cap; A package c.f the renowned “Harvard” Dry Plates: S
.Japanned Tin Developing 'Trays; 1 Printing Frame; 1 package Blue Pro-
cess Paper; 1 sheet Ruby Paper; 1 package Photo Mounts; Hyposulpliite
Soda: Developing Chemicals; complete and explicit instructions, enablini.
ANA' ONE to take ANY CI-iASS OE PKITHIJ E!S -wdth this Outfit. No-n
please remember tliat you are not buying a Camera ONI.Y, butacom-
plete and PEUFECT OHTFTT, all ready for use -without further ex
pense to you. No such Outfit has sold heretofore for less than $5 00
Everything is carefully made and prepared and bound to -wmrk perfectly
A wonder to all -t\'ho see it and its W’ork. A'ouare not restricted to an\
class of pictures. You can take Landscapes, Portraits. Buildings, in fact
ANYTHING. The -whole, securely packed in a wood case for shipping
Be your o-wn Photographer. How many places of interest and friends
that are dear, do you encounter every day, wiiose image you would like to preserve? With this Out
fit you can do it and almost -without expense,
price only $1.00 by Express: By Hlail, Postpaid, $1.15.

With "Inventive Age” one year. $1,65.

THE “MIDGET” CLOCK.

Our “ Midget. ” Works
of Ansonia make. Case
nickel plated. ' glass
sides, drop handle,
constructed on the
same style and shape
of carriage or tra-vel-
ing clocks, which are
sold for $3.00 each. It
is universally admired
forits sliape and design
lieing modeled after
French patterns so
long popular and sold
at high prices. It is a
perfect little gem and
in offering it to our
patrons at price named
we feel that we are
giving them a rare op-
portunity. its size IS
2 in. wide 1 M in. deep
and3I^ in. high.Packed
in wood case. Postage

LOc. Price $1.35 Each.

Add SO cents for “Inventive Age” one year.

The popularity of Foot Ball as an out-door
sport is increasing, and with good reason, as it
is a most invigorating and strengthening exer-
cise. Running, -which it so largely involves is
kno-wnto be the best possible exercise. Wehave
arranged -with one of the largest rubber com-
panies to supply us -with a special ball for our
trade at very low prices in large quantities. We
sell 3 sizes only, d’hey are made of strongest
canvas, rubber coated. Warranted durable and
perfect and the best foot ball made. Note our
very lo-w prices:

5 inch diameter, $ 1 .OO Each: Postage 80.07
7 ” “ 1.40 “ “ .09

9 “ " 1.80 “ « .U

Add SO cents for “Inventive Age” one year.

THE INVENTIVE AGE

245

A PRACTICAL TELEPHONE.

Cheap Enough for aToy. and Good Enough for Practical Use.

This simile little iiistrunieiit is smv to nteet a gener-
al want insupnlying tUe place of Speaking 'l ubes and
Electi'ic Fiells, at less than one-puarter of the cost
One of its pnticiiial recommendations lies in the rcadi
m S' with which it may be put into Ph’ACTIOAL ust
in connecting separate rooms in the same or adjoining
builaings, such as Manufactories, shops. Sti res Ac.
It has Iteen thoroughly tested, and its satisfactort
working, togeth r witli the low price at which it is of-
fered, must insure its general use. Complete direetioiis foi settingup, also 200 tcet of Coinpi sition
Wire. aci-onip:iny each Telephone. .A II packed cotupiete in wooii box. Extra wire for 'I’elephone
35 cents per 100 feet: each 100 feet on spool. This teloi h' me is warranted to work for a distance of
1,000 feet, if jiut uii according to t1ie directions aiaaimnanying each box.

Postage 20c. Price Sl.OO foiiiiilete; SI 0.00 Doz.

Add 50 cts. for "Inventive Age" one year.

BURGLAR ALARM.

night? This Alarm will give you that feeling of
security. He may pii-k or break the lock, but he
don't open the door without setting off tlie Alarm.
Its simplicity accounts for its low price and its
value. It winds like an Alarm Clock and is closed
into any dotirjam without injury to woodwork.
When ‘he door opens it droiis, suspended by
string, and goes off with loud ring. Postage 5c.
Price fiSc. Each. ST.30 U«z.

IVilli "In\ entive Agre" one year, 51.50.

VICTOR STEAM ENGINE.

This Engine is a perfect beauty, which our cut
exactly represents, everything about it 'Lines
Boiler is nickel ; Frame enamelled ; Balance-whei-l
turned bright and true. It is a new design and
made on the best plan for durability and power.
It is put up Complete with lamp and instructions
for running. Postage 8<-,

Price 60c. Eacli. S6-2n Ooz.

With "Inveinive Age" on.- war. rl.5 '■

NICKEL-PLATED STEEL TOOLS.

These articles are made of the finest steel, poli-sbed and jilated in the be.st possible manner and
are fgr all practical iPtirposes equ 1 to similar goods Sold in st's-es at five times the price. 'I'hi
well known high prices of such goods, lias induced us to mauufacturo tliem in large quaiitities
and to furnish them at prices at wliicli every 1 'iie can .'itford t: 1 buy. They are useful in the liouse
hol.l and indispensalile in every office and store. In fact no one should be witliout them
By mail, 1.5 cents each ; $1.20 per dozen. 5et of 5, 60 cents.

tVitli "Inventive Age" one year. 51.

THE DOLLAR ELECTRIC MOTOR.

PRICE

Express 9

By Mail,

35c.

Extra.

supplanting all othei
We have carried 1

fast

Electricity is

_ motive powers. We have" carried the princi-

Art pies of the large eleefrin motors down to this

aI yll miniature motor. It will run 1200 revolutions

VII vw 3 per minute, driving any small mechanical

device at uniform speed. Is cheaper to run
and requires less attention than a steam
engine and is perfectly safe. Educate your
boys in the coming science. For a number
of years miniature steam engines have been
sold greatly to the education and amusement
of the youth. The latest contribution to this
purpose is this motor. It is riglit in the line
with ttie advancement of tlie age and enables
file young people to keep right up to tlie real
workers in the great problems of electricity.

ITS COXSTKl f'TION is such that Hie
simple application of water to the pad in bat-
tery which is located under tlie maeliine,
starts the motor at once. Ttiis exhibition of
the wonderful action of the battery gives tiie
youtful mind a most wtiolesome impetus,
stimulating to a line of inquiry bound to re-
sult in valuable education. Our motor has
been examiii d by many expert electricians
and excites Hie greatest interest and is pro-
nounced a great contribution to science. It
, is complete in every part and thoroughly

constructed on correct mechanical principles with all the parts of a large Edison motor, in-
cluding Armature, Commutator, Illagncts, nearly 100 feet Insiilateil Copper Wire, Adjust-
able Brush Holder and Briislies, and Pulley tor tra.smif ting power. 'I'liis Outfit also in-
cludes Battery and Clieinic.als for renewing same. I'acked in strong wood case '

Postage 35c. Price, SI. 00 Bach.

Add 51) cts. for "Inventive Age" one year.

POCKtr URI.NKING CUP.

Everyone who travels- much or little — will
appreciate this. Tlie cup though large enough
will'll drawn out to hi dd nearly as much as a tea
I'lili ; when closed fits into the case which is the
size of a gent's watch. The cup is made of
German silver and will nut corrode or rust, while
Hie case is finished equal to the most haudsoma
silver watch. Postage 3c.

Price 22c. Each ; S2.00 Doz.

IVI + ls ‘kT., \ _ •>« .. .

LADIES' SOLID SILVER

OHATELAINE WATGH

'Tills watch is called the “ Haisy,” and Hie name
is most iippi-opriate. The case is of solid silver,
beaatifully engraved,

:ad it has a silver
•an over the works
‘o protect the move-
ment. It is a stem-
winder and setter,
and has a really ex-
cellent movement.

We guarantee it to
keep first-class time.

A handsomer little
watch you could
hardly find at any
price. It is not gaudy
or showy, but ex-
tremely heat and
attractive. It does
not look like a cheap
nr tawdry watch. We
Tuarantee it to give
lerfeet satisfaction.

Let every lady wtio
loes not I Iready own
a watch avail herself of this great bargain, and let
every gentleinaii who wislies to make, to wife,
sweetheart or sister, a handsome present, think
well before he lets this opportunity pass. Postage
5c, (If registered 13c.) Price S4.{).j Each.

With "Inventive Age" one year, 55.

THE '‘NEW YORK GLUB” RIFLE.

iiiitdiiiatic shell ejector, black walnut stuck, with case hardeiped mountings and locks, 24-inch barrel,
riiiud by the most skilh'd W(^rkmen. The '^Xew York Club ” Rifle is made by the Crescent Arms
Co., whose foreman superintends the manufacture of this rifle was formerly Inspector of Arms for
the Army, knows how a good gun should be made. By an ingenious device tliis rifle can taken
apart and puttogetiicr ii.stantly, without any tool. It weighs but 5 pounds, and can be packed, in a
trunk fnr traveling. We cliinii for the “iSew York Club” Rifle unequalled beauty,
convenience, accuracy and strength. It is a fine specimen of American science an«l workman-
ship. Ail parts are interchangeable. It was with a22 calibre ” Yew York Club” Rifle that Prof.
Rossell won the Gold Medal at Hamburg by breaking 20 clay pigeons in succes.'b m. The ” Yew York
Club ” Rifle is powerful in its shooting capacity,as may be judged from the facts that Robert Morris,
a young man in the Adirondack regions, was one day last Tall sciuirrcl shooting with a ‘'‘Yew York
Club” Rifle, using 22 cartridges ; a huge deer sprang across the path from s< 'me underwood, about
seven rods away. Young Morris leveled his rifle at the creature's heart and fired. The beast ga^ e
three bounds and fell dead, shot clear through the heart. Rifle shooting is the most r<*val sport i f
any sliootirig, and every town should have a rifle club. Price of the “Yew York clulE’ Rifle: In
round barrel, $7.50 ; octagon barrel, $8.U0, One price f< >r all calibres. State which wanted. If Sl.,50
is sent with order, will send balance C. O. D. When all cash is sent with order, will include a box of
cartridges, lu no case will cartridges be sent with C. O. X>. orders.

The ‘Tnveiitive Age** one 3'ear. free to the purchaser of the above.

SPRING BALANCE SCALES

Spring: Balance. An old favorite. 'Will weigh
anytliing under 24 pounds. Tlie best qu.ality yet
produced. Elegantly finished and accurately made
and stialed off. Great valve I I’ostage tic.

■'Price 12c. Eaeii ; SI. 28 l>oz.

With "Inventive Age" one year. 51.

SPORTSMAN’S KNI^E.

Genuine heavy stag handle with three blades, one
large clip 1/laJe, one medium, one short and one
curved, all in finest crocus polish, also has cork-
screw, milled scales, brass lined, German Silver
shield, one of the handso’nest and most durable
knife we have ever o.ffered. Postage 5c. Price Ooc.

With "Inventive Age" one year. 51.75.

FREDiCH FIELD CLASS.

High power field glasses liave hitherto
sold at prices placing tliem almost lieyoini
tlie reach of iiersons of moderate means.
'I'he glasses we now offer are just wliat the
people want, reliable ghisses'at low prices.
Farmers, herdsmen, liunters, prr.speeti rs,
sailors, travelers, tourists, and. in fact,
everybody, will find tliem invaluable. 1 ar-
niers and herdsmen can see their cattle or
slieep miles away. Hunters can distinauish
game at great distances, and by tlii.' na ans
not give warning of tlieir api roaeli. '1 tie
tourist can liring distant inountains. vi.lli \ s
and cities almost at l.is feet, wliile an> i he
witli tliese field glasses will si eii 1 t'l < ii c
familiar w itli diflereiit olijiets that 1 ib ic
(from their great distance) helmw le til-
ing of. Friends ami acquaintanei s can be
reeognizeil tit great disttiiiees, and a 1 tdi i f
tliese field glasses wi'i i iove boHi ii.sliue-
tive and amusing to every one. Tlieyaie
strongly made and cannot get luit of cider,
but will last a lifetime. 'I'bere is not a man,
woman or child tlial cannot find use fi r
tliem almost every day of their life. They

are the regular sttindard size liinoeuliirs,

elegantly covered in leather, with powerful lenses, handsome lilaek eye pieces, and nicely nickel
plated metal barrels and frame, with thumb screw extension so as to vary the focus to suit i lie's
eyes, 'file glasses are enclosed in a dark leather case, lined andliaviiig a hinged cover, fastening
with a .strong spring lock, lioldiiig them securely wlieii not in use. They will be found very useful at
concerts, the opera, and other entertainments, bringing the pci formers and singers up to close range
of vision. In fact a pair of these field glasses is a necessity, uiul at this specially low price, every
cue can afford to jiiirchase. Facli pair of glasses in a liandsouie leatlierease.

Postage lOc. I’rice Goiiiiilc-te, only SI. 60 Each.

•• Tit vr^nl i VP r i")

THE INVENTIVE AOE

70 % Discount to Our Readers.

Art Series

In One

Elegantly Bound
Volume.

Equal to 30 Separate Portfolios of 16 pages each.

Photographs of the WorlP s Wonders.

THE WONDERFUL. CURIOUS. AND BEAUTIFUL!

H Poitloiio^i'^

WofU’s Pltoioyiapus

A grand panorama of the world
from creation to tlie present time.
Presenting to view pictured scenes
)f famous battles in the world's
listory, buried cities, mysterious
uins, gloomy prisons, Irowning
owers, feudal castles, great battle-
ships, cathedrals, mosipies,

. hurdles, obelisks, faninus paries
ind fountains, heautilul lalees, t)c-
A’ildering and awful mountain
•cenes, magnificent cities, celebrated
culpture, famous paintings. Works
'f art from imperial calleries, scenes
rom the Holy Land, tropical
brests, imposing and costly build-
ngs, triumphal arches, mausoleums,
nonuinents, statues, caves, cav-
:rns, canals, including Portraits
if the World’s most I'umoiis
Pe >pie, authors, artists, poets,
> uiptors, musicians. politicians,
)ankers, milliomu res, judges, actors,
ictresses, presid nits, kings, pruices,
neinbers of the roy d families, men
vho ruled the world, showing their
lomes and scenes in tlieir lives.

Iparlll Rflfl Rfiyal O'larto lollies.
iGuliy OUU Kxtr.i Heavy Ivory
inish Photographic P.tper. Over

1000 Photographs.

I md'omdv l)Onnd in fine silk < loth

PltY l HIXG NEW.

Regular Price $5. 2=3 Discount to our Readers.

OilP Great Offer.

To deliver to ,your lionies this hundsunie volume
oil the payment of only $1.50, is an fipperlunity of
a lifetime and no family can afford to miss it.
Cut out the picture of the abovt^ described book
and send it to us with a SI. 50 and secure A Rea! Art Work. If ordered to be sent by mail, forty
cents should be added towards the postage.

$1.50.

To New and Old Suhscrihers for Only

With ONE YEAR’S SUBSCRIPTION to the

$1.50.

“INVENTIVE AQE,” only $2.50.

Tlis Is one of tlie most raasnilleent works of art ever offered.

246

“SUMOL” DETECTIVE CAMERA.

BREAKS ALL RECORDS.

This is a perfect working Iland Camera ; having all
the advantages and improvements of the higher
priced Cameras. It makes a 4x.5 I’hotograph and is
the lightest and most comiiact Camera made ; weigh-
ing less tlian three pounds. A pliotograph can be
made witliout opening the case, as tlie Camera can
be focussed. Shutter iinth set and released from the
outside. If wanted for time exiiosur# it can be placed
on a tripod or stand and an exposure of any length
of time can be made by simply woi'king the Shutter.
This is jtist the Camera for “Snapshots.” Lipht,
compact and effective, it is a favorite with tourists.
Made after the pattern of the high priced Detective
Cameras and practically as good ; better than some,
as with the "Sunol” Outfit you can do your own
developing printing and finishing cheaply and with
dispatch. One second takes a perfect landscape or
portrait with the “Sunol. ” It can be carried under
the arm and photograps of your friends taken vnth-
out their knowledge, when they are talking, laugh-
ing, etc. You can produce the finest pictures for but a few cents per dozen including negative. It
has a fine Single I.ens, View Finder, and “Barnett” Holder. The “Snnol” is provided with
one Holder at the list price, but will hold five. No. 1. Ilansomely Polished Walnut Finish with 1
Holder, S.5.00. No. 2. Covered with Black Seal Grain Leather, with 1 Holder, S7.50. Extra
Holders, Single T.je; Double SI.OO Earii.

Developing and Printing Outfit for “ Snnol ” consisting as follows : 1 doz. 4x5 Dry Plates, ! De-
veloping Tray, 1 Fixing Tray, 1 Ruby Lamp, 1 package Developer. 1 lb. Hypo Soda, 1 4x5 Printing
Frame, 2 doz. sheets Blue Process Paper. Not mailable. Price S3.00.

Add 5o cents for “Inventive Age” one year.

Igno>-a7itia legis Jioninetti excusat."

flW AT /I QL/lIiCE,

^ OR EVERY MAN HIS OWN COUNSELOR.

Is a new epitome of the Laws of (lii> dilTermt States of onr Union
and those of the General Goveriiment of tlie United States, and will be
found invaluable to tliose wlio are forced to atipt'al to tlie law, as well
as to that large class who wisli to avoid it. The whole is alpliabetically
arranged so as to make reference to il easy.

Coiiticnsecl Table of t'oiiteiil.s: Aeltnowleilgmeiit, Action, Admin-
istrator, Affidavit, Agents, Agieeinent, Arliil ration, Assignment, Attur
neys, Power of Attorney, Bailment, liankriiptey, Bill of Exchange,
Bill of Lading, Bill of Sale, Form of Bill of Sale, Hoarding-house, Bond,
Form of Bund, Chattel Mortgage, Form of Cliattel Blortgage, Checks,
Common Cartier, Consideration, Contract, Form of Contract, Convey-
ance, Copartnersliip, Corporations, Iiaiiiage, Debt, Deeds, Quit-elaim
Form Deed. Full Covenant Warranty Deed, Executor’s Form of Deed,
Delivery, Deposition, iH-scetit ami distrilnition of Decedents’ estates.
Divorce, I'raft, Easement, Fmplover and Employee, Endorsement,
Executors and Adtniiiistrators, Exemptions, Fraud, Guaranty, Form of
Guaranty Guardian, Hiring, Homestead, Hotel, Husband ami wife, liijimetioii, Injury, Inn, Insol-
vency Itisiirance, Interest, judge. Judgment. Jurisdiction, Landlord and Tenant, Legacy, Lien,
Limitations, Loan. Marriage, Master and Servant, Mortgage, Notes, Parent and t.’liild, I’artnersliip.
Patents, Petitions, Promise, Promis.sory Notes, Protest, Keeeiiit, Receiver, Recording, Records,
Release,' Form of General ReRase, Form of Juilgment Release, Rent, Sales. Satisfaction, Stream,
Statute’of p’raiids, Suit, Taxation Tenant. Term, Trade-marks and Copyriglits, Use and tlccupation.
Verification, Warranty, Watercourse, Will. This is the iimst complete work of its kind ever pub-
lished, conlaiiiiiig 317 pages, bound in extra cloth, postpaid, $1.00.

Willi “Inventivo A«2fe" one year, 51.50.

Our New Preniium Bulletin. jjg FAMOUS BOOKS BY FAMOUS AUTHORS

FEINTED FEOM NEW PLATE3.

CLEAE TYPE, AND

HANDSOMELY BOUND IN EXTEA CLOTH.

Le Count’s Gribbage.

Postage 24c.

Price 85c. Paebt

With

It will score for three or six play-
ers, and keep tally of the games.
The case is made of black walnut,
nicely polished; has a solid metal
top, polished and nickel plated.
The slides of compartments are
metal and polished. This Board is
superior to Boards
tliat sell for three
times the price. Full
directions with each
Board.

Inventive Age" one year, $1.60.

TUB COMMEKGIikXi

mmiim siutfit.

STYLE OF BOOKS.

Without a question a marvel of book
making for the price asked, and we take
pleasure in giving Our Readers and Wew
Subscribers an opportunity to procure ele-
gant books for one quarter the actual value
Read Our Offer to Subscribers,

1. Vanity Fair. Thackeray.

2 I.ast i)ays of Pompeii.

3. Tom Bl own's Bchool Days.

4. Willy Reilly and his Dear
Coleen Bawn Wm. Carlton

5. Brown’s Popular Recitations
and Dialect Stories.

6. Vicar of Wakefield

7. (irimm's Fairy Tales.

S. Andersen’s Fairy Tales.

!l .-Esop’s Fables.

10. Ivanhoe Walter Scott.

11. Children of the Abbey.

12. Tlie Scottish Cliiefs.

13. Thaddeus of Warsaw.

14. Treasurer's from Fairy land.

15. Robinson Cntsoe. DeFoc.

16. Arabian Night's Entei’tain-

ments.

17. Don Quixote de la Mancha.

18. Gulliver's Travels.

19. Swiss Family Robinson.

20. The Pilgrim’s ITogrcss.

21. Daniel Boone. Norton.

22. Jane Eyre. Chailoitc Bronte.

23. John Halifax. Miss Mub.ick.

24. Adam Bede. George Eliot.

25. East Lynne. Mrs. II. Wood.

26. Irving's Slcetch Book.

27. Tom Brown at Oxfoid.

28. 2U,i:i 0 l.ea.gucs under the Sea.

Jules N'enie.

29. Tour of the World in 80 Days.

Jul-'S A'erne.

30. Star of India. Edw. S. Ellis.

31. Life <'f Kit Carson.

32. Lady Audley’s Secret.

Mrs. E. P.raddon.

83. Captains of (.)ld World.

Hcni ;.- Widiam Herbert.
34. Aurora Itlovd, Craddon.

3o. Cuiilains of Great Roman
Re[nil>lic. Herbert.

36. Ritter’s Book of Mock
Tiir-is.

Special Bargains!

To ne■^v subscribers. A rare opportunity to secure the
most popular and standard books ever issued.

'We Make this Liberal Offer.

ventive Age” one 3'ear for $1.25. ORDER BOOKS B\ NUMBER.

N. 15.— To those desiring anv of hese books not wishing- to subscribe at present, we will send
any of the above publications post-paid on the receipt of SO cts., 3 for $1.40; 6 for $2.40. Three
books and “Age” one .vear, $2.

PRICE

This OuTPtT is made to supply the want for a first-class business outfit. It contains about 13
Alphabets of Type, (5 A 7;i), a tliree-line holder, sclf-supplyiug Ink Pad, Tweeters. Quads, etc., and
will do a much larger variety of work than any of the smaller Outfits. Foraddressing Envelopes and
Sliii)iiing Tags, it is specially adapted, while it is equally useful in'doing hundredsof other jobs which
would otherwise go to the printer or require an expensive ruliber stamp. In fact, it may be used in
any case where a one, two or three line .stamp is rcciuired. Extra holders can sometimes be used to
good advantage, which we furnish at 20c; each for 1 line, and lOc. for each extra line. Belo-w
are shown t'ne styles and the work that may be done with them. No. 10 is more condensed and con.
. ins a largc.-r number of letters than No. 9, which is a broader and plainer letter. Pest&ge, 18e.

STYLE No. 0.

W. LBMBIBCK,
213 Erie St.,
Jersey Oity.

STYLE No. 10.

CHARLES BENDIXEN,
102 South St,
New York City.

IHDlSPE^SA6i>ET0 EVEiiV AFSOfnGEQUTBr THAT 1$ CHAr^GEABLC AND ALWAYS BEFORE YOU

Add 50 ctMils for **111 veiilivo A're"c>iU‘ voar.

THE IXVEXTIVE AOE

^4:

THE DOLLAR TYPEWRSTER.

A PERFECT TYPEWRITING MACHINE.

Price only SI. 00 by Express; Si. 15 by Mail.

St;le 0 f Tjp6 &ad nmiibet of Cti&ruteri used in the Dollar T^pewriCer

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRS TUVWXY
Z&$1234567890. , : ; ?-

patents pending. '

.Ae Dollar Typewriter is a complete machine as shown in cut. It has 46 characters of tj-pe'thq
same as that used on a Remington. It is provided with numerous patented devices for inking thu
type, liolding the paper, spacing and governing tlie impression and allignment. It will write a postal
card, note or full letter sheet and is particularly well adapted to addressing envelopes. It is a,
practical illustration of what a rare combination of ingenuity, skill and capital may do as it embodies
many difficult and expensive mechanical movements which were heretofore only possible in high
price machines. Over a yb ARTI211 MILl-ION of these machines have been sold within the last
year and the secret of its great success is that the manufacturers commenced with a foundation of
original ideas and then spared no expense in putting them to prtiotice by the use of the best
machinery to be devised. If no more could be said of it this Typewriter is worth many times its cost
as an instructor of children teaching and amusing at the same time, but its features of practicability
commend it to the use of nearly everyone and the sale it lias had and will have is not surprising. It I'tl
A PliKFliCTLY CON.STKUCTilJJ machine that will do work equal in quality to any of the high
priced machines. It is so SIMPLE that a CHILD CAX OPERATE IT and will not get out ol
order. It is LIGHT and PORTABLE — just tlie thing for travelers. It is very ATTRACTIVE
in appearance, made entirely of metal, mounted on a highly polished hard wood base. It will
■\VRITE RAPIDLY with practice — 1.5 to words a minute. We GCAR.YXTEE every claim for
it. and if not as represented REPCND 3IOXEY. The PRICE is but OX'E DOLLAR! This
is the age of typewriters, and no one should be without one.

Any typewriting that may be done with any of the high priced machines, from $100.00 down may
be done with this one. It is now possible for EVERYOX'E to own a Typewriter and address ani
write their letters, postals, etc., in the same w’ay the richest firms do theirs. The monopoly in Type-
writers died when “THE DOLLAR o was burn. Postage 15c, Price SI, 00 Eacli, '

The National Capital,

PAST AND PRESENT,

Stilsoii Hiichins’ Great liook.

CONTAINS 268 PAGES AND 136 ILLUSTRATIONS.

Elej»aiitly priiitod ami boiiml. Suitable
for Librai'y or center table. One of the
best Avorks of the kind (‘Acr issued.

Should be in every house in America.

MTfl ORTSIN IT' Send $1.35 and receive the
lU UOlnlil 11. “Inventive Age” one year

and “Picturesque Washington” postage paid.

JUST PUBLISHED.

tVitli ‘•Inventive Age*’ one 3'ear. SI. 75.

COMBlNATlOh MICROSCOPB.

Scientific skill and the greatest perfection in
workmanship coupled with a very h.igli n'.agnifying
power, distinguish this handsome microscope ovei
all others ever offered at popular prices. It is
specially imported from France, and readily sells foi
one dollar at retail. As regards power and conven-
ience of handling, good judges pronounce it the best
ever introduced f'U‘ popular use. The cylindrical
case is manufactured from higlily polished brass,
wliile therearetwoseparatelenses — oiie at each end
of the microscope. Tlie larger glass is a convex
magnifier, adopted for examining insects of various
kinds, the surface of the skin, the hair, fur or any
small articles. It will magnify tlie hairs on the
hands or arms till they resemble large ropes, and it
is a most interesting companion. Tlie other lens is
exceedingly powerful, and will clearly delineate
every small object, entirely invisible to the naked
eye sucii as the animalcules in a drop of water,
fislies. feathers and the mmutest iii.--ects. An
interesting illustration of its great power may be
I'ad by placing a drop of sour Hour paste npi u the
bottom of the lens, when on looking through the
eye-piece, the sightof thcv. rithingmassof thousands
of worms, snakes and eels, is one never to be fe>r-
gotten. Tliousands of living animalcules can be
seen in a single drop of stagnant water. An insects
eye is a very beautiful object when seen through this microscope. It reveals liundiyds of small
eyes or six sided facets resembling net work or lioneycomb, which enables the insect to see iii all
directions without moedng its head. There are 4.uu0 of these little eyes la the .single eye ot a ny It
is invaluable i.u detecting adulterations in food, such as flour, te;i, coffee, sugar, spices, milk aud the
'atal trichina spiiralis or pork worm. Posla_-s 3c. Brice 4”c. Eaclii

IVitli •■Inventive Age” one year. ?1.3S.

ELECTRIC ALARM CLOCK,

Clocks with attach-
ments fur bringing
an electric circuit
into action are not
new, but their ap-
plication has been
in connection with
more or less elabo-
rate a ppar atus,
chiefly burglar
alarm work, where
they are used to
connect and dis-
connect the battery
at certain hours.
The cut shows an
ingenious clock
with dry cell batt-
ery, which can be
used in combina-
tion with the me-
chanical alarm
attachment, or se-
parate. as desired.
It is intended to
take tne place of the old-fashioned mecliauical
alarm clock which, with its few seconds’ ring, is
the best that has been done up to this time. The
great difficulty with old fashioned alarm clock is
the short duration of the alarm, and here is where
electricity steps in. The Eiiickerbocker clock is
set in the usual manner to ring at a certain hour,
and the movement of the clock throws into circuit
a vibrating bell which will ring continuously unless
(Switched off. The clociks are good tiinekeeperf
and richly nickel plated. Not mailabie.

' Price S3.90 Each.

tVith ”Inveulive Age" one year. S4,

GENU OR TALKING BOARD.

This wonderful discovery, based on the my.-^teri-
lus powers of human magnetism, answers all
luestions on any subject, in the most accurate and
narvellous manner. How and why it does this we
annot explain ; yet wlien theP.oard is set between
wo persons, and their fingers are placed on the
ittle magnetic table, set upon the Board, the little
able will soon commence to move, faster and
aster, talking or answering questions rapidlv, by
oucliing the printed words oiTetterson the Board,
t works with surprising speed, and will answer
-■very question on all topics — political, religious or
ocial. It will tell your fortune, guide vou in
business matters, and inform vou as to vour'futurc
irasband or wife ; tell whether vou are to be rich,
live long. etc.

Tlie GENII is a marvel, astonishing all who try
it.^ It is a handsomely polished Board, covered
with words and letters, and with the magnetic
table, is packed in a strong b^x. Postage ;!5c.

UDco Each; Su.OO Doz.

With ‘’Inventive Age” one year. SI. 40.

How to Build a One=Fourth Horse=Power
Motor or Dynamo.

By A. E. WATSON.

Illasti'ated Avitli full AworkiiiiA- tli'aAA^iiiu-:.

PEICE, PAPEE, 25 CT8. ( LOTH, 50 CT8.

Address "IXVEXTIVE AGrEf AVasliingtoii. E. C.

SYMPHONY HARMONICA.

Lloyd's Symphony Concert Hat
monica -A 'full orchestra for 40
cents. This is the seller of the line,
and our imiiortatioii doubles oaeh
year, it is geijuine Richter manu-
facture; concert wood: extension
ends; brass lined; 40 reeds: '20 holes
teach hole having two r' eds. all oc-
tave tuned': nickel plated sides
With sound holes Without exception the best harmonica ever offered for the price. Each in a case.
Postage 7c. Price 40c. Each; S4.00 Ooz.

With ■'Inveiuive Age” one year. ?1. 25.

E.8,i£UrBO iVJOTORS; s^OW

ASiD H yyj USED

A HA.VDBOOK FOR .VMA
rEURS AND Pr.ACTICAI.
MEN liY S. K. BuTTONE
AUTHOR OF "The Dv

NA.MO," "EiECTRICAI
Instrument iU a k i n (
FOR Am.ateurs." ■‘Elec
TRIG Belts. " etc., i tc
AND A. 3i. A. Beale
author of Beale'-
Calisthenics, etc.— A complete ai d sin pie
plauatioM of the sou ce of the P' wer in a dynan i
and th- method of • j plying the same, coiiirneiic-
■'ng with a Sirnpl- 3Io or. and proceeding to an ex-
lositioiiof tlie Siemen's. Thompson's, Walker's,
In'-,.! . and other motois.

Ill addition three siiecial chapters by an A.ineri
.an author follow in v hi- lithe information em-
oraces all American improvements. The wi-rk
is V'robably the mo't complete an t easily under-
stood of any of the many now in the field
130 Paces. Glotu, Pnroi- •=r.=i

With “Inventive Age" one year. 51.50.

HOW TO MAKE A DYNAMO

By ALFRED CROFTS.

A practical work for
Amateurs and Elec-
tricians, containing
numerous i 1 1 u s t r a-
tions and detailed
instructions for con-
structing Dynamos of
all sizes, to produce
the Electric Light,
containing 6co pages
of genuine inform
tion which will enable
anyone to construct a
Dynamo either for
pleasure or profit.

Lartgc 1'2 mo,
ClotU, 75 Cts.

With "Inventive Age" one .year, 51.50.

THE STAR FOUNTAIN PEN.

A solid 14 karat gold pen in liighly fiuislied hard rubber holder. The onlyj'uuntain pen that
will give perfect satisfaction, sold at less than $2. 50. ATe warrant it in every particular and
refund money when it is not satisfactory. A gold pen alone of the samevalue costs in any retail
Store more tlian we charge for the whole outfit. Writes 25 pages fools cap to one liiling •

By mail, §1,50 each ; §12 per dozen.

With "Inventive Age" one year. $2.

24^

THE INVENTIVE AOE.

Magnolia rietal

IN USE BY

Eight Leading GoYernments.

Best Anti=Friction Hetal •

e

Hi^h Speed En.yiiie, Dvna.nio, RolHiijr-IMill, SteainshixJ. Railroad, Saw-Mill
Cotton-Mill, Paper-Mill, Woolen-Mill, Silk-Mill, Jute-Mill, Rubber-Mill
Sug-ar-Mill, Flour-Mill and all Machinery Bearing's.

Magnolia

ETAL COMPANY.

Owners and Sole Manufacturers.
’7'-^ Coi'tliUKli St., IV. Y.

London Ofnce : 75 Queen Victoria St.

Chicago Office: 51 Traders Building.

It is no Experiment — ^

When you have your Engraving, Stereotyping or
Electrotyping furnished by us.

We make relief line plates for printing purposes
by every known process and we guarantee
them to be the best in the market.

Let us estimate on the next order you have.

Prices and plates will suit you.

Our specialty Hall-tones on hard rolled copper.

The riaurice Joyce

Engraving Co. 414 iith street, n. w.,

star Building.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

Mason, Fenwick & Lawrence,

PATENT

LAWYERS,

Solicitors and Experts.

602 F St., Washington, D. C.

Established 1861.

KetVrcnces ; Dr. Jas. C. Welling, President
Cnlunibian University, AVasliington, D. C. ;
Hon. John T. Morgan, Hon. John T. Heard,
Gen. W. S. Rosecrans and many others.

24 Page Book Free.

E. C. GILL, Manager,

Washington Lime and Cement Company,

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Lime, Plas-
ter, Aiitietam and Portland Cements. Flue
Liniiiia* Slate, Feed, Wood and Coal, Whole-
sale and Retail. Lime and Antietam Ce-
ment furnished in Carload lots. Kstimates
Cheerfully Furnished. Telephone lo7‘).

Cor. 8th and T?oundavj Sts., W.vsH. D. C.

Wm. MacKENZIE & CO.,

Contractors in Stone Work.

Estimates Cheerfully Furnished.

S. AV. Cor. N. J. Ave. and R Street, X. A\’.
AA’ASHINGTON, D. C.

THE WASHINGTON LOAN
AND TRUST CO.

I-'IKE-l>K()OF (iR.tXITE BI'ILDINI,.

PAID-UP CAPITAL $1,000,000.

Organized under act of Congress and under the
supervision of the U. S. Government.
Furnishes first-class investments.
E.veciiles trusts. Loans money.

Pays interest on deposits.

Rents oltice rooms and safe deposit boxes.

OFFICERS.

JNO. JOA’ EDSON. President.

JNO. A. SAA’OPE, A'ice-President.
JNO. R. C-\RMODY, Treasurer.
ANDREAA' PARKER, Secretary.

ENGRAVING AND PRINTING.

M E K C .-V X T I L E S T .y T I O N E K Y .
C.tKD BOARIIS.

T.ags .and Gum Lapels.
Invoice .vnd
Stub Files.

Printing and
Binding.

BLANK BOOKS MADE TO ORDER.

Easton & Rupp,

Dealers in

Blank Books, Paper and Envelopes,
Wrapping Paper, Twines, &c.

421 Eleventlr Street, N. YY.,

Andrew B. Graham,

LITHOGRAPHER

Diplomas,

BilFHeads,

Bonds,

Letter=

Heads,

Checks,

Cards,

Drafts,

Notes,

Certificates
of Stock, &c.

Telephone 1031.

• All kinds of Commercial and •

© Color Work Skillfully Execu= •

« ted, and Perfect Satisfaction •

© Guaranteed . . . . ©

Photo=Lithographing

of Maps, Plats and
Sub-divisions .

1230 Pennsylvania Avenue,

Washington, D. C.

1

find What Do Yoii Think of This?

A DUPLICATE IN QUALITY, APPEARANCE
SIZE, ETC., OF ANY AMERICAN WATCH SOLD FOR
LESS THAN $10.00

Our Watches are Positively and Unequivocally Guaranteed.

THE CLIMAX

EITHER ARABIC OR ROMAN DIAL.

This is the CLIMAX up to date. It represents the most important step taken in Watch evolu-
tion in nian^' years. It describes a line beyond which nothing radical will pass for years, not
only in the matter of PRICE, but QUxVLITV. The movement comprises many original patented
features, and has been for 3*ears the subject of constant labor by one of the foremost of the
foremost of expert and inventors.

lyJLZfriC: ll I i^ETl 02V,

CASES. — Two Stevies, Plain and Imitation Engraved. Two Finishes, Solid Gilt and Nickel.
Two Dials, Roman and Arabic. Snap Back. Heav}' Bevel Crystal. Regular Stem Wind. In-
side Stem Set. Regular 18 size Case. Chains assorted in each dozen.

MOVEMENT. — Regular American Lever, Lantern Pinion, Quick Train, 240 Beats per Minute »
Three-(iuarter Plate, Short Wind, Runs 30 hours to one winding. Dust Cap over Movement,
Fully Timed and Regulated, and FULLY GUARANTEED for one year, thesame as Waltham
or Elgin. -

The Cheapest Stern=Winding Watch Ever produced.

PRICE $2. With “THE INVENTIVE AGE” one year, $2.50.

JUST OUT! BRAND NEW! ENTIRELY ORIGINAL!

An American Stem-Winder.

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